DOCSLIB.ORG

Risk of Anesthesia in Patients with Heart Disease

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Risk of Anesthesia in Patients with Heart Disease Risk of anesthesia in patients with heart disease Patients with moderate to severe valvular dys- function represent a challenge to anesthesiologists because of their specific cardiac pathology. Certain Sait Tarhan, M.D. cardiac lesions increase the risk of operation even though cardiac reserve seems good. Patients with Rochester, Minnesota severe aortic stenosis or incompetence are particu- larly susceptible to the development of ventricular fibrillation. Patients with mitral stenosis who have few symptoms can tolerate general surgical proce- dures reasonably well, but care should be taken not to increase the left atrial pressure and consequent pulmonary edema.1 Management of these patients requires under- standing of the altered cardiovascular state, hemo- dynamic impairment caused by the anatomic le- sions, and their altered response to the support of cardiac function. Hemodynamic requirements of different lesions dictate the appropriate choice of anesthetic drugs and techniques. Careful titration of agents to preserve circulatory stability is essential while the patient is undergoing surgery. Selection of anesthetic agents for the patient with certain types of cardiac lesions is also important, such as enflurane and halothane, which are associated with junctional rhythm. Gallamine and ketamine may increase the heart rate; therefore, those agents may not be the optimum choice for tight mitral stenosis. 50 Downloaded from www.ccjm.org on September 26, 2021. For personal use only. All other uses require permission. Spring 1981 Risk of anesthesia 51 However, narcotics would not depress and noncardiac surgery without having contractility and change the rhythm, postoperative myocardial infarction and therefore would be more suitable. than patients with coronary heart dis- The number of patients who have valve ease and those who did not have coro- disease and undergo operation has de- nary artery bypass graft surgery.5 clined in the past decade because of the In a study of myocardial infarction progress made in replacing diseased after general anesthesia in which the valves with prosthetic valves. However, diagnosis was supported by electrocar- replacement of an old, damaged valve diography and appropriate enzyme with a prosthesis does not guarantee studies, patients with previous myocar- perfect myocardial function. A degree dial infarctions, 28 of 422 (6.6%) expe- of cardiac compromise still may exist, rienced another infarction during the and therefore these patients require spe- first week after the operation.6 They had cial care. a 50-fold greater risk of reinfarction The most common cardiac disease than patients who did not have a history among patients having anesthesia and of myocardial infarction; of 32,455 pa- surgery is coronary heart disease and tients, only 43 (0.13%) had infarctions previous myocardial infarction. The after surgery. high incidence and pathogenic mecha- Fifty-four percent of them died as a nisms are discussed. result of reinfarction. The relation be- One million three hundred thousand tween time of infarct and surgery is persons experience myocardial infarc- shown in Table 1 and the relation of tions each year in the United States.2"4 reinfarction to the site of surgery is Therefore, the number of patients with shôwn in Table 2. coronary heart disease or myocardial Since this study, new anesthetic infarction who require some form of agents and techniques have been devel- surgical operation is increasing steadily oped; major changes in medical man- and these patients present problems re- agement have come about and high-risk lated to the specific cardiac pathologic patients are more often monitored in findings. intensive care units. Therefore, all these Some authors have assumed that pa- measures should reduce the reinfarction tients with coronary artery disease and ratio. To verify this assumption, we re- good cardiac reserve tolerate general cently conducted another study; how- surgical procedures well,1 but others have reported that presence of three- Table 1. Relation between time of vessel coronary artery disease is associ- infarction and surgery ated with approximately 20% risk of No. of postoperative No. of patients myocardial infarction after anesthesia reinfarctions (%) and noncardiac operations. Some stud- Time of surgery, mo 1972 1978 1972 1978 ies indicate that risk of postoperative myocardial infarction after noncardiac 0-3 8 15 3 (38) 4(27) 4-6 19 18 3(16) 2(11) operations in patients with one- or two- 7-12 42 31 2(5) 2(6) vessel coronary artery disease appears to 13-18 27 30 1 (4) 1 (3) 3 be low. Patients with coronary heart 19-24 21 17 1 (5) 1 (6) disease who had undergone coronary >24 232 383 11 (5) 15(4) artery bypass graft surgery have a Unknown 73 JJ3 7 (10) 11 (12) greater chance to undergo anesthesia Total 422 587 28 (7) 36 (6) Downloaded from www.ccjm.org on September 26, 2021. For personal use only. All other uses require permission. 52 Cleveland Clinic Quarterly Vol. 48, No. 1 Table 2. Relation of myocardial reinfarction to site of surgery No. of patients No. of reinfarctions (%) 1972 1978 1972 1978 Great vessels 54 69 5(9) 11 (16)* Other intrathoracic 18 24 8(44) 3 (13)t Upper abdominal 59 84 3 (5) 7(8)t Total of above 131 177 16 (12)* 21 (12) Other sites 291 410 12 (4)* 15 ffl*t Total 422 587 28 (7) 36 (6) *p< 0.001. t p < 0.05. ever, the results were disappointing.7 episodes. However, a 30% or more in- The incidence and severity of reinfarc- crease in blood pressure did not increase tions were identical with those in the the reinfarction ratio significantly (p < previous study (6.1% reinfarctions). The 0.15). Duration of anesthesia increased time of the infarction and surgery the reinfarction rate for the entire group showed the same relationship as the pre- from 1.9% for procedures lasting less vious study (Table I). Mortality among than one hour to 16.7% for procedures these patients was 69%. It was apparent lasting more than 6 hours (p < 0.001). in both studies that the incidence of a Twenty-five percent of the patients in new myocardial infarction stabilized the second study were admitted to the after a 6-month interval. In the second intensive care unit after surgery, which study the relation of reinfarction to the did not influence the reinfarction ratio. site of surgery also gave similar results (Table 2). In both studies, age, sex, an- Discussion esthetic techniques, and site of previous Reinfarction after anesthesia and sur- infarct had no significant effect on rein- gery is a serious complication with high farction ratio. mortality. Elective operations should be In the second study, we tried to cor- delayed at least 6 months after the first relate preoperative hypertension requir- infarct. We have not been able to reduce ing medical treatment, diabetes, angina, (statistically) the number of reinfarc- and blood pressure changes during an- tions after anesthesia and surgery, de- esthesia to the reinfarctions. Patients spite apparent major changes in periop- with preoperative hypertension had sig- erative management. nificantly higher reinfarction rates than The pathogenic mechanism of myo- normotensive patients (9.4% versus cardial infarction is still largely specu- 4.7%, p < 0.05). Diabetes and angina lative.8 It is reasonably easy to explain did not increase the infarction rate. Of the occurrence of myocardial infarction 145 patients in whom systolic pressures in patients with atherosclerotic coronary decreased by at least 30% one or more vessels with superimposed hypotension times for 10 minutes or more during or hypertension, or an acute thrombosis, anesthesia, the reinfarction rate was sig- and this could be accounted for in some nificantly higher (15.2% versus 3.2%, p of our cases. Yet, some infarctions have < 0.001) than for patients who did not occurred without any hemodynamic have such intraoperative hypotensive changes during or after surgery. Downloaded from www.ccjm.org on September 26, 2021. For personal use only. All other uses require permission. Spring 1981 Risk of anesthesia 53 The critical degree of narrowing of coronary vasospasm during and after the coronary arteries is about an 80% anesthesia. This subject merits further diameter reduction. Narrowing above investigation. 80% is consistently associated with limi- References tations of blood flow and less than 80% 1. Kirklin JW. Circulation and cardiac failure. narrowing causes flow limitations only 9 In: American College of Surgeons, Commit- under conditions of increased demand. tee on pre and postoperative care. Manual of Myocardial infarction can be precip- Preoperative and Postoperative Care. 2nd ed. itated by coronary vasospasm, usually Philadelphia: WB Saunders Co, 1971: 195- but not always superimposed on ather- 210. osclerotic plaque, which may obstruct 2. Hillis LD, Braunwald E. Myocardial ischemia (first of three parts). N Engl J Med 1977; 296: 60% to 80% of the luminal diameter, an 971-8. acute increase of that narrowing from 3. Hillis LD, Braunwald E. Myocardial ischemia 90% to 100% by vasoconstriction, or the (second of three parts). N Engl J Med 1977; addition of a relatively small thrombus9 296: 1034-41. would complete the process. This path- 4. Hillis LD, Braunwald E. Myocardial ischemia (third of three parts). N Engl J Med 1977; ogenic mechanism may be operative on 2%: 1093-6. patients during and after anesthesia. 5. Mahar LJ, Steen PA, Tinker JH, Vlietstra Several different factors can cause cor- RE, Smith HC, Pluth JR. Perioperative myo- onary artery spasm such as an increase cardial infarction in patients with coronary of calcium ion in the blood,10 para- artery disease with and without aorta-coro- nary artery bypass grafts. J Thorac Cardio- sympathomimetic agents, hyperven- vasc Surg 1978; 76: 533-7. 12 tilation, increased parasympathetic 6. Tarhan S, Moffitt EA, Taylor WF, Giuliani 10 tone, and released thromboxane A2 by ER.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Acute Coronary Vasospasm Secondary to Industrial Nitroglycerin Withdrawal
    158 SA MEDIESE TYDSKRIF DEEL 63 29 JANUARIE 1983 Acute coronary vasospasm secondary to industrial nitroglycerin withdrawal A case presentation and review J. Z. PRZYBOJEWSKI, M. H. HEYNS Clinical presentation Summary The patient, a Black man, was apparently quite healthy Ilntil July A Black employee exposed to industrial nitrogly­ 1977 when he' noted the onset ofdyspnoea on moderate exertion cerin (NG) in an explosives factory presented with and nonspecific chest pain. A chest radiograph then showed severe precordial pain. The clinical presentation 'bilateral basal segment pleuropneumonitis with pleural effu­ was that of significant transient anteroseptal and sions', cardiomegaly and pulmonary congestion. Therapy for anterolateral transmural myocardial ischaemia cardiac failure was begun but the patient's clinical condition did which responded promptly to sublingual isosorbide not improve significantly and he began experiencing dyspnoea dinitrate. Despite being removed from exposure to on minimal exertion, orthopnoea, paroxysmal cardiac dyspnoea, industrial NG and receiving therapy with long­ swelling of the ankles, and some abdominal distension. At this acting oral nitrates and calcium antagonists, the time he was 41 years old and had been employed atan explosives patient continued to experience repeated attacks of factory for many years whe:re he came into contact with indus­ severe retrosternal pain, although transient myo­ trial nitroglycerin (NG). cardial ischaemia was not demonstrated electro­ There was no past history of rheumatic fever or any other cardiographically during these episodes. Cardiac cardiac disease; he did not indulge in the consumption ofalcohol catheterization revealed cl normal myocardial hae­ and his diet was normal. Since his condition was not improving modynamic sy~tem and selective coronary arterio­ he was referred for admission to another university hospital, graphy delineated coronary arteries free from any where a diagnosis of significant constrictive pericarditis was obstructive lesions.
    [Show full text]
  • Intraoperative Coronary Artery Vasospasm: a Twist in the Tale!
    INTRAOPERATIVE CORONARY ARTERY VASOSPASM: A TWIST IN THE TALE! INTRAOPERATIVE CORONARY ARTERY VASOSPASM: A TWIST IN THE TALE! * MICHAEL S. GREEN, D.O. AND SHELDON GOMES, MD Abstract The cause of variant angina is localized hyperresponsiveness of the vascular smooth muscle cells caused by non-specific stimuli of vasoconstriction. Autonomic imbalance can be one of the mechanisms of spontaneous vasospasm, and sympathetic or parasympathetic stimulation can induce Coronary Artery Spasm (CAS). Although various reports of CAS events have been described, episodes associated with untwisting or manipulation of a visceral structure remains unique. We report one such case of CAS in association with intraoperative untwisting of a torted ovarian cyst treated with intracoronary nitroglycerine in the catheterization laboratory. Vasospastic or variant angina is a well known clinical condition first described by prinzmetal and colleagues, characterized by CAS in normal and diseased coronary arteries. General anesthesia can be a triggering event. This case demonstrates unique etiology in that spasm was provoked by surgical manipulation of a torted ovarian cyst. CAS has been implicated as a cause of sudden, unexpected circulatory collapse and death during surgery, cardiopulmonary bypass, and other non-cardiac surgical procedures. There are few reports of coronary vasospasm during regional anesthesia and neuroaxial block. Many factors are involved in the occurrences of perioperative CAS including activated sympathetic activity, activated parasympathetic activity, cocaine, alkalosis, hypercalcemia, magnesium deficiency, succinylcholine, vasopressors, essential hypertension, Hyperthyroidism, epidural anesthesia, spinal anesthesia, smoking, lipid metabolic disorder, coronary artery aneurysm, commercial weight loss products. We describe a rare case of CAS during general anesthesia, in a patient with no past history of coronary artery disease, possibly provoked by surgical manipulation of a torted ovarian cyst, which was diagnosed and treated promptly via cardiac catheterization.
    [Show full text]
  • Pathogenic Mechanisms of Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy Or Broken Heart Syndrome Devorah Leah Borisute Devorah Leah Borisute Is Graduating June 2018 with a B.S
    Pathogenic Mechanisms of Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy or Broken Heart Syndrome Devorah Leah Borisute Devorah Leah Borisute is graduating June 2018 with a B.S. in Biology and will be attending the SUNY Downstate Physician Assistant Program. Abstract Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy (TTC) is a temporary heart-wall motion abnormality with the clinical presentation of a myocardial infarction Found predominantly in postmenopausal women, TTC most often appears with apical ballooning and mid-ventricle hypokinesis Often induced by an emotional or physical stress, TTC is reversible and excluded as a diagnosis in patients with acute plaque rupture and obstructive coronary disease The transient nature and positive prognosis of this cardiomyopathy leaves a dilemma as to what precipitates it This paper explores the theories of the pathogenesis of TTC including coronary artery spasm, microvascular dysfunction, and catecholamine excess A thorough analysis of the pathogenesis was conducted using online data- bases The coronary artery spasm theory involves an occlusion of a blood vessel caused by a sudden vasoconstriction of a coronary artery. This condition was confirmed in some patients with TTC using provocative testing, but failure to induce a coronary artery spasm in many patients led to its dismissal as a primary pathogenic mechanism. It is however a significant occurrence in patients with TTC and cannot be dismissed entirely The microvascular dysfunction theory is challenged in the limited and underdeveloped methods of testing for its presence However, using
    [Show full text]
  • Delayed Coronary Vasospasm in a Patient with Metastatic Gastric Cancer Receiving FOLFOX Therapy
    Delayed Coronary Vasospasm in a Patient with Metastatic Gastric Cancer Receiving FOLFOX Therapy Christopher James Little, MD; Bao Sean Nguyen, MD; and Pamela J. Tsing, MD A 40-year-old man with stage IV gastric adenocarcinoma was found to have coronary artery vasospasm in the setting of recent 5-fluorouracil administration. Christopher Little is a oronary artery vasospasm is a rare to demonstrate this.4,5 The pathophysiology of Resident Physician in Anesthesiology and Bao but well-known adverse effect of 5- 5-FU-induced cardiotoxicity is unknown, but Nguyen is a Resident Phy- Cfluorouracil (5-FU) that can be life threat- adverse effects on cardiac microvasculature, sician in Internal Medicine, ening if unrecognized. Patients typically pres- myocyte metabolism, platelet aggregation, both at UCLA Medical Center in Los Angeles, ent with anginal chest pain and ST elevations and coronary vasoconstriction have all been California. Pamela Tsing on electrocardiogram (ECG) without athero- proposed.3,6 is a Hospitalist Physician at the VA Greater Los An- sclerotic disease on coronary angiography. In the current case, we present a patient geles Healthcare System This phenomenon typically occurs during or with stage IV gastric adenocarcinoma who in California, and Assistant Clinical Professor at the shortly after infusion and resolves within hours complained of chest pain during hospitalization David Geffen School of to days after cessation of 5-FU. and was found to have coronary artery vaso- Medicine at UCLA. In this report, we present an unusual case of spasm in the setting of recent 5-FU adminis- Correspondence: Pamela Tsing coronary artery vasospasm that intermittently re- tration.
    [Show full text]
  • Variant Angina
    maco har log P y: r O la u p c e n s a A Fumimaro Takatsu, Cardiol Pharmacol 2015, 4:3 v c o c i e d r s Open Access a s Cardiovascular Pharmacology: DOI: 10.4172/2329-6607.1000143 C ISSN: 2329-6607 Letter to Editor OpenOpen Access Access Variant Angina: Why do you Ignore Spasm of Coronary Arteries? Fumimaro Takatsu MD* Department of Cardiology, Takatsu Naika Junkankika, 2-4-7 Mikawaanjo-Hommachi, Anjo, Aichi, Japan Introduction perform provocation of spasm; if possible (once the patient returned to a ward, I explain on the vasospasm and get written informed consent), Many authors reported on variant (form of) angina (Prinzmetal’s before the patient and families leave the hospital because almost all Variant Angina, vasospastic angina) till 1990s on the various aspects of of patients and families cannot realize electrocardiographic findings this disease. However, in this century, articles on this very important and would not have medications. Moreover, although not so frequent, disease have become very few. One reason of this apparent ignorance some patients with chest discomfort only on effort have no significant of vasospastic angina may be caused by a report by Cianflone et al. in coronary narrowing have vasospasm. 2000 [1], in which they studied only 34 patients and concluded that vasospasm is much less in Caucasian peoples. A scientific research, Complications especially in clinical medicine, at least more than several hundred Coronary vasospasm, of course, if prolonged, can cause acute patients must be studied for some conclusion. Thus, I feel, their result myocardial infarction by itself or by causing intraluminal thrombus or is very questionable and responsibility of American Heart Association rupture of minor atherosclerotic plaque.
    [Show full text]
  • Left Anterior Descending Artery Spasm After Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation for Ventricular Premature Contractions Originating from the Left Ventricular Outflow Tract
    Left anterior descending artery spasm after radiofrequency catheter ablation for ventricular premature contractions originating from the left ventricular outflow tract Akira Kimata, MD,*† Miyako Igarashi, MD,† Kentaro Yoshida, MD,*† Noriyuki Takeyasu, MD,*† Akihiko Nogami, MD,† Kazutaka Aonuma, MD† From the *Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ibaraki Prefectural Central Hospital, Kasama, Japan, and †Cardiovascular Division, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan. Introduction Japan) revealed a good pace-map, and the local electrogram – Coronary artery injury or vasospasm can occur as a direct preceded QRS onset by 25 ms (Figures 1A 1C). RF energy thermal effect of radiofrequency (RF) catheter ablation.1–7 The was not delivered to this site because of the high impedance 9 right coronary artery (RCA) and left circumflex artery (LCx) and limited accessibility of the ablation catheter but was are adjacent to the valvular annuli and are likely to suffer from delivered alternatively to the basal anterior portion of the LV ablation-related injury when RF energy is delivered to acces- endocardium where a good pace-map was also obtained. RF sory pathways1–6 or the mitral isthmus.7 The right ventricular energy was delivered using an irrigated-tip catheter (Ther- outflow tract also lies in close proximity to the major coronary moCool, Biosense Webster, Diamond Bar, CA) at a power 8 1 arteries. However, to the best of our knowledge, injury to the setting of 35 W and maximum temperature of 43 C. VPCs left anterior descending artery (LAD) associated with left transiently disappeared during RF applications but recurred ventricular (LV) endocardial ablation has not been reported.
    [Show full text]
  • Coronary Vasospasm Associated with Hyperthyroidism
    Case Report Coronary Spasm Associated with Hyperthyroidism Acta Cardiol Sin 2010;26:48-51 Coronary Vasospasm Associated with Hyperthyroidism Jiunn-Wen Lin,1 Wei-Cheng Lian2 and Tin-Kwang Lin1 Acute myocardial ischemia is a rare and possibly life-threatening manifestation of hyperthyroidism. We describe a 48-year-old woman with severe coronary vasospasm associated with hyperthyroidism. The patient presented with chest pain and increasing shortness of breath for several days. Acute non-ST elevation myocardial infarction was diagnosed. Coronary angiography revealed diffuse vasoconstriction which was relieved by intracoronary nitroglycerin. Subsequently, she was diagnosed with hyperthyroidism and treated with antithyroid therapy and an oral calcium channel blocker. After restoration of euthyroidism, she remained free of chest pain. Our report reminds readers that severe coronary spasm might be sometimes associated with simultaneous hyperthyroidism, especially in patients without risk factors of atherosclerosis. Key Words: Acute myocardial infarction · Coronary vasospasm · Hyperthyroidism INTRODUCTION department with a two-day history of chest pain and in- creasing shortness of breath. The episodes of pain varied The cardiovascular system is very sensitive to thyroid in length and were aggravated by exercise. On direct hormone, and a wide spectrum of cardiac changes has questioning, she did not have palpitation, body weight been recognized in hyperthyroidism.1 Acute myocardial loss, heat intolerance, or resting tremor. She denied any ischemia is a rare and possibly life-threatening manifesta- history of cardiovascular disease and was premeno- tion of hyperthyroidism. However, in the absence of fixed pausal. She denied smoking, drinking alcohol or illicit coronary artery disease, hyperthyroidism is rarely associ- drug use.
    [Show full text]
  • Type 1 Kounis Syndrome Complicated by Eosinophilic Myocarditis
    Open Access Case Report DOI: 10.7759/cureus.4522 A Curious Case of Coronary Vasospasm with Cardiogenic Shock: Type 1 Kounis Syndrome Complicated by Eosinophilic Myocarditis Venkatesh Ravi 1 , Muhammad Talha Ayub 2 , Tisha Suboc 3 , Tareq Alyousef 1 , Javier Gomez 1 1. Cardiology, John H Stroger Jr. Hospital of Cook County, Chicago, USA 2. Internal Medicine, John H Stroger Jr. Hospital of Cook County, Chicago, USA 3. Cardiology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, USA Corresponding author: Venkatesh Ravi, [email protected] Abstract Kounis syndrome is a rare but life-threatening form of coronary vasospasm, defined by the co-occurrence of acute coronary syndrome and hypersensitivity reaction. We present a case of refractory coronary vasospasm with aborted sudden cardiac arrest secondary to type 1 Kounis syndrome, which was complicated by eosinophilic myocarditis and cardiogenic shock. A 29-year-old Hispanic woman with history of vasospastic angina, presented with recurrent episodes of angina at rest. Initial evaluation revealed hyper-eosinophilia, elevated troponin and diffuse ST segment depression on electrocardiogram (ECG). Suddenly, she developed bradycardia and had a sudden cardiac arrest. An urgent coronary angiogram after resuscitation revealed severe multifocal vasospasm which resolved following high doses of intracoronary vasodilators. Type 1 Kounis syndrome was suspected and she was initiated on intravenous corticosteroids and anti-histamines. Subsequently, she developed cardiogenic shock, and a cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (cMRI) showed diffuse subendocardial late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) suggestive of eosinophilic myocarditis. She was diagnosed with type 1 Kounis syndrome associated with eosinophilic myocarditis. Kounis syndrome should be suspected in patients with refractory vasospastic angina.
    [Show full text]
  • Prinzmetal Variant Angina Associated with Multiple Sclerosis
    J Am Board Fam Pract: first published as 10.3122/jabfm.17.1.71 on 10 March 2004. Downloaded from Prinzmetal Variant Angina Associated with Multiple Sclerosis Scott Joing, MD, Robyn Casey, MD, and Les Forgosh, MD We report the case of a young woman with an acute coronary syndrome in the setting of a multiple scle- rosis exacerbation. A connection between the 2, possibly caused by spinal cord pathology, is suggested. (J Am Board Fam Pract 2004;17:71–3.) Prinzmetal variant angina is characterized by an- ages, suggesting a more acute process of demyeli- gina secondary to coronary artery vasospasm,1 typ- nation. The patient denied any previous episodes of ically at rest, associated with transient ST-segment chest pain as well as any cardiac history, hyperten- deviations.2 Further diagnostic workup using an- sion, hypercholesterolemia, or respiratory prob- giography may reveal coronary arteries with or lems. Past medical history included MS, depres- without atherosclerotic narrowings.1 Multiple scle- sion, possible seizure disorder, tonsillectomy, and rosis (MS) is typically a relapsing-remitting neuro- appendectomy. She was adopted, and her family logic disorder involving demyelinated plaques, history is unknown. Her usual medications include 3 which slow or block conduction along nerves. Lit- 150 mg of ranitidine twice daily, 50 mg of sertraline erature search reveals one case report indicating a twice daily, 100 mg of amantadine twice daily, 100 4 causal relationship between these 2 diseases. We mg of carbamazepine twice daily, norethindrone present an additional case involving a 38-year-old and ethinyl estradiol, propoxyphene napsylate as patient who experienced Prinzmetal variant angina needed, and interferon ␤1a once per week.
    [Show full text]
  • Arrhythmic Manifestation of Prinzmetal´ Sangina Induced by Therapeutic Hypothermia Abellás-Sequeiros RA*, Ocaranza-Sanchez R, García-Acuña JM and González-Juanatey JR
    Abellás-Sequeiros et al. Int J Clin Cardiol 2015, 2:5 ISSN: 2378-2951 International Journal of Clinical Cardiology Case Report: Open Access Arrhythmic Manifestation of Prinzmetal´ Sangina Induced by Therapeutic Hypothermia Abellás-Sequeiros RA*, Ocaranza-Sanchez R, García-Acuña JM and González-Juanatey JR Department of Cardiology and Coronary Care Unit, University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, Spain *Corresponding author: Rosa Alba Abellás Sequeiros, Department of Cardiology and Coronary Care Unit, University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, A Choupana s/n, CP 15706, Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña. Spain, E-mail: [email protected] Introduction Case Report Variant angina was first described by Prinzmetal et al. [1] like an We report the case of a 37-year-old Caucasian man, with episode of chest pain with transient ST-segment elevation. However, prior history of smoking and DM. He had complained about about 80% of patients course in an asymptomatic way [2]. In other multiple episodes of syncope during last year. However, the day cases, syncopeor sudden cardiac death are the mainly manifestation. of his hospitalization, he described a sudden and acute episode a b c Figure 1a: Control ECG, Figure 1b: ECG recordings with ventricular tachycardia during rewarming phase of hypothermia, Figure 1c: ECG recordings showing complete AV block Citation: Abellás-Sequeiros RA, Ocaranza-Sanchez R, García-Acuña JM, González- Juanatey JR (2015) Arrhythmic Manifestation of Prinzmetal´ Sangina Induced by Therapeutic Hypothermia. Int J Clin Cardiol 2:048 ClinMed Received: August 11, 2015: Accepted: August 31, 2015: Published: September 03, 2015 International Library Copyright: © 2015 Abellás-Sequeiros RA.
    [Show full text]
  • STEMI Secondary to Coronary Vasospasm: Possible Adverse Event of Methylphenidate in a 21-Year-Old Man with ADHD
    Drug Saf - Case Rep (2016) 3:10 DOI 10.1007/s40800-016-0035-7 CASE REPORT STEMI Secondary to Coronary Vasospasm: Possible Adverse Event of Methylphenidate in a 21-Year-Old Man with ADHD 1 1 1 Timo-Benjamin Baumeister • Ingo Wickenbrock • Christian A. Perings Ó The Author(s) 2016. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com Abstract Methylphenidate (RitalinÒ) is an increasingly used medication in the treatment of attention-deficit Key Points hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Cardiovascular adverse effects like vasospasm or myocardial infarction are Methylphenidate contains an existent risk for described as very rare adverse effects. We present the case cardiovascular adverse effects, especially in patients of a 21-year-old man diagnosed with ADHD who recently with pre-existing cardiovascular diseases. started therapy with RitalinÒ Adult 20 mg for at least 3 days. Afterwards he presented with chest pain, elevated Pharmacological interactions seem to be very troponin and creatine kinase, and posterolateral ST ele- relevant in the treatment with this medication. vations. A myocarditis was initially supposed. In the An appropriate pretreatment evaluation and coronary angiography, signs of coronary artery spasm cardiovascular assessment is recommended before could be found. The echocardiography showed mild left starting a therapy with methylphenidate. ventricular dysfunction; no acute myocarditis could be found in the cardiac MRI and myocardial biopsy. The medication with methylphenidate was stopped, and after Introduction 12 days the asymptomatic patient was discharged from hospital. Methylphenidate (RitalinÒ, Novartis Pharmaceutical Corp.) is an increasingly used medication in the treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The dopamine and norepinephrine transporters are inhibited by methylphenidate, therefore the second messenger levels rise up in the synaptic cleft (re-uptake inhibition) [1].
    [Show full text]
  • Prinzmetals Angina Masquerading As Acute Pericarditis
    Case Report DOI: 10.7860/JCDR/2017/24342.9301 Prinzmetals Angina Masquerading as Acute Pericarditis Section Internal Medicine ASHWAL ADAMANE JAYARAM1, MUGULA SUDHAKAR RAO2, R PADMAKUMAR3, UK ABDUL RAZAK4 ABSTRACT Coronary artery spasm is an intense vasoconstriction of the coronary arteries and may be responsible for the myocardial ischemia, myocardial infarction as well as sudden deaths. Coronary angiography is generally needed to identify the cause. Coronary artery spasm is a multifactorial disease with underlying mechanism still poorly understood. Here, we present case of a 48-year-old male with no significant past history who presented with acute episodic onset chest pain. Clinical, Electrocardiography (ECG) and echocardiographic findings suggested pericarditis but a diagnostic coronary angiography revealed significant coronary vasospasm. Patient’s symptoms significantly improved with calcium channel blockers and Nitroglycerine (NTG). Keywords: Coronary vasospasm, Nitroglycerine, Recurrent angina CASE REPORT 80% stenosis in mid part [Table/Fig-3]. After NTG we found that the A 48-year-old male presented to the emergency department with stenotic segment significantly dilated [Table/Fig-4]. So, a diagnosis acute onset chest pain. There was no history of hypertension, of vasospastic angina was made. Patient was treated with calcium diabetes, Ischaemic Heart Disease (IHD) or family history of coronary channel blockers and nitroglycerine after which his symptoms artery disease. Also, there was no history of any addictions. significantly improved. The patient reported to have multiple episodes of chest pain over the last two to three days associated with dyspnoea and low grade DISCUSSION fever. The chest pain was atypical in nature, episodic, left sided, Prinzmetal angina was first described in 1959 by Prinzmetal M [1].
    [Show full text]