MARCH,1905. MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW. 99

Bahania Islands,” edited by George Burbank Shattuck. ) Pp. 99- Preston, Thomas. 108. The theory of heat. 2 edition. xix, 838 pp. Figee, S. Prussia. Konigliches Preussisches Meteorologisches Institut. Pmioden in den regenral op Java. (Overgerlrukt uit het Natuur- Ergebuisse der meteorologischen Beobachtnngen zu Potsdam. 1901. kuitdig Tiidschrift voor Ned-Indii;. Dee1 LSW. afl. 1.1 3‘3 PI). sss\, 118 pp. Rzgenbl;ien-waargenoiiien aau liet Observatoriutu tr Batax i;; met Rajna, Michele. een zelfregistreerenden rrgennieter geclnreude het tijd\ ak 1879 tot Nuovo calcola dell’effenieride del sole e dei crepubcoli per l’orizzonte 1901 door Dr. S. Figee. ( Overgdrukt uit het Natuurkundig Tijcl- di Bologna. (Estratta del Tome I (Serie VI) delle Memorie della schrift vow Ned.-IuiliC, LSIV, an. 3-4. ) Pp. 162-215. R. Accademia delle Scienze dell’Instituto di Bologna. ) 40 pp. Flammarion, Camille. Rajna, Michele; Pirazzoli, R; Mazini, A. Aniiuaire astronomique et ni6tdoiulogique pour 1904. 236.pp. Osservazioni meteorologiche fatte durante l’anno 1903 nell’Osser- Uautier, R. and Duaime, H. vatorio clella R. TTnirersitA cli Bologna. (Estratta dal Tomo I Observations in6 teorologklues faiteh aus furtilicativns de Saint-Mau- (Serie VI ) delle Memorie della R. Accadeuiia delle Scienzo dell rice pendant l’annde 1903. (Estrait der Archives des sriences (Instituto di Bologno.) 31 pp. phybiilurs et naturelles. 4 pPr. OctolJre 1903, fevrier, marb et Russia. Central Physical Nicolas Observatory. mai 1904.) 68 pp. dnnaleh (le I‘Observatoire Physique Central Nicolas, publiees par Uorodensky, M. &I. ltjlratchef. Anne; 1902. [2 parts.] v. p. On tlir iluestion of the influence of tlir earth‘s rvtatiou on the whirls Same. Supplement. dnnbe 190% SIII, 165 pp. in tlie atnioslihere. (MPm. imp. acad. sc., St. Peter+. Clas+e Same. Supplement. Annbe 1900. SI, 131 pp. pliysico-matliematiii~ie. Volutiie SV, No. 9.) 94 pp. [Russian Rykatchef, M. A. text.] Erport of tlie Cwtral Physical Nicolas Observatory for tlie year Hamburg. Deutsche Seewarte. 1902. (Wm. imp. acad. sc. St. Petersb. Class physico-math& Deutsches hleteorologisches Jahrbocli fiir 1903. Beobachtungs-bp- maticlue. Volume SV,No. 8.) 150 pp. [Rusbiau text.] tem der Drutschen Seewarte. Ergelrnibse der tiic.teorologischeii Schuster, Arthur. Beobachtungen an 10 Stationen 11. Ordiiung uud an 5.5 Sturuiwnr- An introduction to the theory of optics. xv, 340 pp. nungstellen. bowie stiindliche Aufziei’hnungt.n ai1 4 Nvrtual-Beo- Shukevitsch, J. bachtungs-Stationen. Jahrgang SXVI. vi. 18u Iyi. Thernioinetric investigations and veriflvation of the meteorological Hann , Julius. and other tliermometers at the Central Physical Nicrdas Observa- Zur Meteorologie des Aequators nach den Btwbac.htungttn zu Para tory from 186:) to 1901. (MBm. imp. acacl. SC. St. Petersburg. ami Museum Goeldi. 11. 61 pp. VI11 s6rie. C‘lazse physioo-matliC.tiiatique. Volume YV, No. 5. ) Heimbrod, G. 116 pp. [Russian text.] Rrsults of harmonic analysis of the dirirual variation at the Cape of Smith, Herbert H. Good Hope and at Hobart. (Froti1 Terrestrial Magnetisni an11 Brazil; tlir Aniaznns and the coast. sv, 644 pp. Atmospheriu Electricity, , 1904. ) Pp. 9-14. Smyrnov,D A. Hellmann, G. Ilapidly acting water collector. (Bull. Imp. Acad. Sc., St. Peters- Driilrmaler mittelalterlicher Meteorologie. (Neutlruclic~voii Schriften burg. 1904. March. T. XI, No. 3.) Pp. 107-111. [Russian text.] und liarten liber Meteorologie unil Erd tiiaynetismns. Hrhfi. von Unusual oscillatioits of temperature in St. Petersburg, -21, Pn)fessor Dr. G. Hellmann. No. 1.5.) v. 1’. 1903. (Bull. imp. acad. sc., St. Petersb. 19U2. June. T.SVI1, Hesse. Urossherzogliches Hydrographisches Bureau. No. 1.) Pp. 65-71. [Riissian teit.1 Deutsches Meteorologisclies Jahrlruch. Jahtgang I 111, 1901-19U3. Sternwarte des Benediktiner-Stiftes. Monatliche Uebersichten fiber die ~~7itterung~verli;ilt~iisseim GIOSS- Reboltate BUS den im Jahre 1903 auf der Sternwarte zu Kremsmun- herzogthum Hessen. Jahrgany 1904. ster angestellten metetrologisclien Beobachtungen. 23 pp. Niedersclilagsbeobachtungen an qlen Meteorologischen Statioueu iin Stonyhurst College Observatory. ini Grossherzogthum Hesseu. .Jalirgang I-IV. ReSultb of meteorological and rnagnetic~dobservations, with report Hilderscheid, Heinrich. and notes of the Director, 1904. 67 pp. Die NiederbclilagsverhBltnisse Palastinas in a1ti.r wid ueuer Zcit. Thomsen, Julius. [ Sonrlerdruck am dmii Zritscllrift des Deutbchen 1’al;ibtina- Systeitiatisk genueinforst terniokemiske andergegelsers nunieriske Vereius, Bd. XEV.) 106 pp. og teorl$iske resultater. xii, 472 pp. Hongkong Observatory. China coast meteorological register. n. p. SNOWF’ALL AND WATER EQUIVALENT. Klein, Hermann J. (Ed.) 13) Pruf. H. t’. FHANKFNFIELU. Jahrbuch der dstronomie und Geophysik. SY. ,Jaliigang 1904. \ iii, 344 pp. TVhile the extremely important influence of melting snows Kodaikanal and Madras Observatories. Annual report of the Director, Iiudaikenal and Madraz OtJben itto- upon the spring floods has been always fully appreciated, no rles for 1904. 29 pp. systematic attempts to accurately determine their effect were Korostelev, NEikolaj] A[rkadjevic]. macle by the Weather Bureau until the present spring. For The bora of Novorosiisk. (M6ni. imp. ad.sc., St. Pettxhb. VI11 several years past Mr. Charles A. Miser, Resident Engineer of serie. Classe p1iysic.o-mathhatique. Volume SV, No. 2. ) 135 pi). [Russian text.] the Rumford Falls Power Company at Rumford Falls, Me., Kuznetzov, V[asilij] Vasiljevic]. has made measurements of the mater eqiiivalent of the accu- Self-registering inbtruinent for determining thv prebsure of the winil, mulated winter snow, and the results from 1899 to 1903, in- aclapted for use on kites. (Bull. imp. acad. sc., St. Peter+. 1902. clusive, were communicated in a very interesting paper that Juin T. SVII, No. 1.) Pp. 81-89. [Russian test.] Margules, Max. alq’earecl in the MONTHLYWE~THER REVIEW for April, 1903. Ueber dei Beziehung ZM ischen Baroinclter sch\ranlrungen wid Jion- No other reports of observations were received until March tinuitiitsgleichung. (Separat-Abdruck aub dcir Boltzmann-Fest- of this year, when Mr. J. L. Dean, of the Hollingsworth and schrift. 1904.) Pp 585 589. TVhitney Coiupany, of Winslow, Me., and Special River Ob- Uebrr die Euergie der Stlirnie. (Sonderebdrur.li aus den JaIirL~ch- ern der k. k. Zentralanstalt fur Meteorologie. Jahrgaug 1903, An- server of the Weather Bureau, made two measurements in the hang.) 26 pp. 1iirc.L and l’ine brush at \Vinslow. On the depth of Michelson, A.A. snow in the brush was 33 inches and the water equivalent 8 Light waves and their use5. (The Decennial Publications of tlie inches. At the same time the depth of snow in the open wah University of Chicago. Second wries. Volutiie 111. ) 166 pp. Moedebeck, Hermann W. L. 18 inches. On the depth of snow in the brush was Taschenbuch zum praktiruhen Gebranoli fiir Fluytechniker und Lult- 27 incheh itnd the water equivalent 7.5 inches; depth of snow schiffer. viii, 587 pp. in the open, 15 inches. Observatorio Meteorologico del Estado de Oaxaca. During the minter just ended nine stations in the watershed La lliivia en la ciuclad de Oasaca. Ligero estuilio, que comprenrle una serie de 21 anos de obhervacioneh (clr 1883 ci 1903,) forinado of the Red River of the North were equipped with apparatus por el Director del Obsrrvatorio, Dr. Sugustin Mauui~lDominguez. for measuring mxlmulated snowfall and its water equivalent. f9 PP. Observations were made on Monday morning of each week Omori, F. and telegraphed to the district center at Moorhead, Minn., Horizontal pendulum diagram obtained duriug a storiii. ( Reprinted from Tokyo Sugaku-Butsurigakkwai Iiiji-Gaiyo. Vol. 11, No. 19. ) but the snowfall during the winter was SO light that no re- 3 PP. sults uf value were obtained. However, observations will be

Unauthenticated | Downloaded 09/26/21 02:03 AM UTC 100 MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW. MARCH,1905 continued and the service extended as far as possible into the gradually diminished, but was noticeable at times up to the northern rivers, and particularly into the headwaters of moun- end of 1904. tain streams in the extreme West. The blueness of the sky suffered a diminution of three units, measured on a scale of 0 to 50. EARTHQUAKE OF ,1905. In my paper above referred to it is stated that- By Prof. CHARLEb F NAR\IN. I xvas suq'rised at the sinall ralue of the solar railiation received at the surface of the earth during January, February, and March, 1903, but The table below contains the details of the record of an particularly during March. earthquake made on the Omori seismograph at the Weather Also furthermore, Bureau, Washington, D. C., at 10 hrs., 59 mins., 32 sech., From January, 1011:3.to Mar~h,1904, ini.lusive, there was a marked p. m. (seventy-fifth meridian time) of March 81, 1905. defiviency in tllr ratliation inensuremen as compared with similar meas- The record was very clearly defined, and the waves were urements ina~let~-j BIr. Harvey N. Ih at Providence, R. I., in 1892,' particularly simple and sinusoidal in character throughout. ainouuting iu home niciutlis to as n1uc.h as 30 Iber cent, and in others to It appears that the preliminary tremors were of exceedingly less tlian half thi:, aiiiuunt. long duration, especially as compared with the principal portion Since these observations were not all made at one station, of the earthquake. If we hac1 included a series of sniall they are not strictly comparable; but since Providence, the waves of regular character which preceded the larger waves nost northern station, generally gave the largest radiation actually regarded as making up the principal portion. the values, the diminution in radiation as measured in 1003 ancl duration of the latter might have been made about two minutes 1!)04 can hardly be attributed to local conditions. longer. However, the .smaller waves seemed more properlg The observations with the Pickering polarimeter, macle at to belong to the second preliminary tremors. Asheville ani1 Black Mountain, N. C., from December, 1902, to March, 1903, inclusive, ant1 at Washington, D. C., froin May, Earthquakt of Mrtrch 21, 191.5, seueitfy-Pflh titeridinn tittie. h. Ill. s. 190:3, to date, may be compared without considering the dis- First preliminary tremors began...... 10 5s 33 11. m. crepancy due to latitude that applies to pyrheliometer obser- Second preliminary tremors bega.11...... 1'3 44 p. 111. vations, although local conditions must also liave an effect Principal portion began ...... 24 06 11. In. ujlon polariineter observ a t'ions. Principal portion endeil ...... 11 36 17 1'. 111. There is n, wide variation in the polarization of blue sky light End of earthquake (a. in., '3)...... 0 13 19 a. m. from clay to day, even when no clouds are present. I have Duration of first preliniinary tremors ...... 13 min. 1'2 sec. therefore seIected the observations showing the inasirnuru polarization for each month, for comparison in the following ...... 11 '' 24.L' table : 31mrittii~1iipercrnfnge of polarizrrfion of blue ,sky light during each tnonth nl a Whole duration of eartlrqualie 1 hr. 13 " 40 lL lmiiit on the uerticnl cirr le paming throiiyh the RUIL. trnd YvO from fhe latfer.

Average complete perioil of 5 long uniform waves, - ~~ ~- - -- p~ et beginning of second preliminary tremors ..... 3U see. nrolltil. I iw2. 1 i:m. I 1w.I im. 11 mwtil, 1 iw?. I iwd I i:ioJ. iws. Average complete period ctf 8 uniform wares at end - __Ipppp-- ___ ~- ~- of second preliniiuary tremors...... 15.6 b' Average complete period of 7 uuiform, strong waves, constituting the principal portion...... 15.6 '' Period of peIidulturl...... 2.9.0 " ...... Maeuification of record ...... 1U times. Ma~imomdouble aiiiplituclo (if a<+ual north-south disp1acc.- ...... rneiit of the earth at seisiiingraph...... 0.35 u1111. No olrseir.itlons for thr iri'iutlis left I>lairk. The north and south component of horizontal motion only Since in general the blueness of the sky and the amount of was recorrlecl. ~ solar radiation measured at the surface of the earth are pro- portional to the percentage of polarization of the blue sky THE VARIATIONS IN ATMOSPHERIC TRANSPARENCY light, it is not dificult to trace in the above table the diuiinu- DURING 1902,1903,AND 1904. By HERR~HTHAIL\ k.1 KIMLIALI,Liim'iii.xu aud Climatul~gist,U. P Weathei Huri nu. tion in atmospheric transparency that became marked in the Pyrenees in January, 1903, continued until the following Bu- In the Proceeclings of the Third Convention of Weather Bu- gust, and has gradually become less noticeable since that date. reau Officials, pp. 69-77,' are given some results of observatioiis The obtlervations here compared are but two series out of made by me on the quantity of solar radiaticn received at the many that R~OWa diminution in the transparency of the atmos- surface of the earth, and on the polarization of blue sky light, phere during 1903, plausibly clue to the presence of volcanic during 1902,1903, and 1901. In another columii of the current clast in the atmosphere. A summary of other observations REVIEWMiss R. A. Edwards has given a translation of E. Mar- may be found in my paper in the proceedings of the conven- chand's account of similar observations covering the same tion already referred to. periud, supplemented with observatioiis of certain optical phe- It is a strange coincidence that the observationu at the As- nomena, and made at Pic du Midi ancl BagnGres, in the Pyre- trophysical Observatory of the Sinithsonian Institution indi- nees, France. A comparison of certain features of these two cate that during 1903 ani1 1904 not only did the solar radiation series of observations is of interest. suffer unusual absorption in the earth's atmosphere, but the In the Pyrenees a diminution in the amount of solar radia- absolute amount received at the outer surface of the earth's tion received at the earth's surface was noted at intervaIs after atmosphere mas less than usual.3 Naturally the question May 27, 1902. This diminution became permanent in *January, arises as to the possible relation bet'ween these two phenomena. 1903, at which time it amounted to 20 per cent of the normal The boloinetric: observations to be inacle on Mount Wilson, radiation. It reached 50 per cent on the 21st and 22d of the Cal., during the coming summer, by Professor Langley and following month, and mas quite marked until August of that Mr. Abbot mill no doubt shed much light on this subject. year, when it amounted to about 10 per cent, after which it - -~ ~~~ 2 OlJservations 011 solar railiation with the hgstriim iiyrheliometer. 1Variations in insolation and in the polarization of blue sky light BIonthly Weather Review, June, 1903, Vol. SSSI, p. 275. during 1903 and 190.1. By I€. H. Kimball. (Proceedings of the Third 3 See Langley, S. P. On a possible variation of the solar radiation and Convention of Weather Bureau Officials at Peoria, Ill., September 30,21, its probable efiect on terrestrial temperatures. (Ahtrophysical Journal, 22. 1904. Washington, 1904. Chicago. T'ol. 19. p. 305-321.)

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