Bell's, Clewlow's and William's of Newcastle

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Bell’s, Clewlow’s and William’s of Newcastle, NSW (1800-1900)

by Dr. Amy Louise Masson

2017 Australia

Page | 2 Copyright

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Page | 3 Background

DATE 15 Nov 2017 SUBJECT Bell’s, Clewlow’s and William’s of Newcastle, NSW (1800-1900) REPORT TO SERVICE # BACKGROUND OBJECTIVE To learn more about the lives of select individuals from the Bell, Clewlow and Williams families of Newcastle, NSW (1800- 1900).

Specific Goals 1. (Recommendation 1): Pursue research into the identities of Mary Bells parents and validate their relationship with Mary Clewlow (nee Bell) 2. Confirm the burial details of Georgianna Clewlow, daughter of George and Mary Clewlow (1857) 3. (Recommendation 2): Follow up ‘Discharge books [Darlinghurst Gaol], 1835 – 1914’ located at the NSW State Records and Archives Western Sydney Records Centre to see if any further information can be provided regarding a more precise date of George Clewlow’s discharge from the Army 4. (Recommendation 3): If possible, visit the NSW State Records and Archives Western Sydney Records Centre to view the full microfiche indexes associated with Probate, Intestate, Deceased Estates and Will documents in search for George Clewlow; and furthermore, of which, check if any further details can be found regarding grants and property among those files 5. Visit the NSW State Records and Archives Western Sydney Records Centre for records associated with Land Grants (‘Smedmore Estate’) 6. Pay and Muster Records to be revisited 7. (Recommendation 4): Validate the identities of Agnes and John Williams children by acquiring either (and if possible both) parent’s death certificate (if available) 8. (Recommendation 5): Acquire an original death certificate for Agnes Williams to confirm her identity; the

Page | 4 identity of her parents; the identity of any and all marriages and to whom they were with and when; the identity of any and all children Agnes had; and, the details of her death and burial 9. Pursue research into the migration details for Catherine Hutchinson including departure date from the UK and how and when she came to Newcastle, NSW AUTHORIZATION 36 hours KEY FINDINGS • The death certificate for John Bell, Mary’s father, combined with the details from the Briton passenger List, suggest Mary was possibly born in 1836 • The grave sites for both John and Anne Bell were successfully located and identified as being Sandgate Cemetery and (Old) Wallsend Cemetery, respectively • Mary, Emma and Georgianna appear to be the only Clewlow’s buried at Christ Church Cathedral Newcastle • Analysis of the ‘Discharge Book [Darlinghurst Gaol]’ confirmed George Clewlow was discharged from Sydney Gaol on 6 Jul 1849 • George Clewlow resided within the locality previously known as ‘Smedmore Estate’ until his death in 1901 • George Clewlow was identified as having enlisted in the British Army on 11 Nov 1844 and was discharged on 30 Sep 1850 • George Clewlow was posted in May and June of 1848 to Eagle Hawk Neck TAS, possibly working on the Dog Lines as a guard • George Clewlow was posted in July 1848 July and September 1849 and March 1850 to Cockatoo Island NSW (Secondary Punishment Site for convicts) • George Clewlow most likely travelled aboard the Sir Edward Paget, departing 15 Jul 1848 from Hobart TAS, arriving 20 Jul 1848 Port Jackson NSW (rather than in August as previously suggested) • Agnes and John Williams were identified as having had a total of five children together whom were identified as John W., Emma A., Lydia and James A., and another unnamed male (deceased) • Catherine Hutchinson was identified as having departed Plymouth (UK) 25 Jul 1851 bound for Portland VIC along with her husband, James Hutchinson and their young daughter

Page | 5 • Catherine, James and their daughter migrated to Newcastle around 1852/3, either by ship amongst the steerage passengers (paid their own fare) or by alternative undocumented means (e.g. overland)

GENERAL NOTES -

LIMITATIONS A. Availability of some online resources B. Availability early 1900’s Australian records

RESOURCES USED Online Indexes • Australian Cemeteries Index • Cultural Collection (University of Newcastle) • Find A Grave • flickr (Image Library) • NSW Registry of Births, Deaths & Marriages (NSW Government) • The Ryerson Index • Trove (National Library of Australia) ancestry.com.au (subscription database) • ‘New South Wales, Australia, Assisted Immigrant Passenger Lists, 1828-1896’ • ‘Wage agreements and entitlement certificates of persons on bounty ships (Agent's Immigrant Lists)’ • ‘Victoria, Australia, Assisted and Unassisted Passenger Lists, 1839-1923’ NSW State Records and Archivesonline (NSW Government) • ‘Index to the Unassisted Arrivals NSW (1842-1855)’ Public Records Office of Victoria (PROV)online (VIC Government) • ‘Outwards Passenger Lists’ NSW State Records and Archives (NSW Government), Western Sydney (NSW) Reading Room • ‘Discharge Book [Darlinghurst Gaol], 1841-1851’ • ‘Debtors books [Darlinghurst Gaol]’ • ‘NSW Supreme Court Probate Index (microfilm), 1901- 1908’ • ‘Colonial Secretary’s Correspondence – Letters Sent Re: Convicts (1843-1855)’ • ‘Colonial Secretary’s Correspondence – Index to Convicts (& Others) (1848-1864)’ • ‘Index to Conditional Purchase Register of NSW (1862- 1865)’

Page | 6 NSW State Library, Mitchell (NSW) • ‘Muster Rolls and Pay Lists – General’ (WO-12) Site Visits • Newcastle Family History Society, Lambton (NSW) • Sandgate Cemetery, Sandgate (NSW) • (Old) Wallsend Cemetery (NSW) • NSW State Records and Archives, Western Sydney (NSW) • NSW State Library, Mitchell (NSW) Websites • Australian Dictionary of Biography (http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/windeyer-richard- 1060) • Maitland City Council, Burial Register (http://www.maitland.nsw.gov.au/Heritage/Cemeteries/B urialRegister). • Mariners and Ships in Australian Waters (http://www.marinersandships.com.au/) • Northern Cemeteries (http://northerncemeteries.com.au/sandgate/) • Google Maps FUTURE RESEARCH Recommendation 1. Acquire Catherine’s death certificate to confirm years in colony

Page | 7 Contents

Background ...... 3

Research Notes ...... 8

Background Information ...... 8 Foreword ...... 8 Part 1: The Bell Family ...... 9 Part 2: Clewlow’s at Christ Church Cathedral Newcastle ...... 32 Part 3: The visit to the NSW State Records and Archives Western Sydney Records Centre ...... 36 Part 4: ‘Smedmore Estate’ ...... 42 Part 5: Pay and Muster Roll Records (Mitchell Library) ...... 47 Part 6: The identities of Agnes and John Williams ...... 53 Part 7: The migration path of George’s third wife Catherine Hutchinson (nee Powell) ...... 59 Conclusions ...... 64

Page | 8 Research Notes

Background Information

This report is a continuation of a previous research session, [7102-V01-BC].

Foreword

This report is divided into 7 parts which aim to address the 9 separate goals of this research session. The parts are as follows:

Part 1: The Bell Family

Part 2: Clewlow’s at Christ Church Cathedral Newcastle

Part 3: The visit to the NSW State Records and Archives Western Sydney Records Centre

Part 4: ‘Smedmore Estate’

Part 5: Pay and Muster Roll Records

Part 6: The identities of Agnes and John Williams

Part 7: The migration path of Catherine Hutchinson

Page | 9 Part 1: The Bell Family

Goal 1 - (Recommendation 1): Pursue research into the identities of Mary Bells parents and validate their relationship with Mary Clewlow (nee Bell)

Previously, research into the identity of Mary Clewlow (nee Bell) suggested that her parents were Anne and John Bell whom immigrated from the UK aboard the Briton in 1844 along with Mary’s brothers and sisters (William, Eliza, Anne and Elizabeth)1.

Figure 1 NSW Assisted Immigrant Passenger List,1844, Briton, Extract

The focus of this research session was to continue to look into the identities of John and Anne Bell and validate their relationship to Mary Clewlow. Furthermore, it was hoped through validating the identities of Mary’s parents, that clarity might be provided regarding Mary’s age and year of birth.

In that regard, additional records were sought regarding the Bell’s immigration. A search was firstly conducted at ancestry.com.au in the ‘New South Wales, Australia, Assisted Immigrant Passenger Lists, 1828-1896’ for John Bell (birth ~1814, arrival 1844, vessel Briton). Several ‘Wage agreements and entitlement certificates of persons on bounty ships (Agent's Immigrant Lists)’ records were located for both John and Anne Bell (see following figures).

1 Entry for Bell, "New South Wales, Australia, Assisted Immigrant Ancestry.com (https://www.ancestry.com.au/); accessed 30 Passenger Lists, 1828-1896", Subscription Database Online, May 2017.

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Figure 2 Wage agreements and entitlement certificates of persons on bounty ships (Agent's Immigrant Lists) for John Bell (abailable: ancestry.com.au), accessed 7 Nov 20172.

2 Entry for John Bell (Briton, 1844), “New South Wales, Australia, Ancestry.com (https://www.ancestry.com.au/); Original Data: Assisted Immigrant Passenger Lists, 1828-1896 - Wage State Records Authority of New South Wales; Kingswood New agreements and entitlement certificates of persons on bounty South Wales, Australia; Series: 5315; Reel: 2453. Accessed 7 Nov ships (Agent's Immigrant Lists)”, Subscription Database Online, 2017.

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Figure 3 Wage agreements and entitlement certificates of persons on bounty ships (Agent's Immigrant Lists) for John Bell (available: ancestry.com.au), accessed 7 Nov 20173.

3 Entry for John Bell (Briton, 1844), “New South Wales, Australia, Ancestry.com (https://www.ancestry.com.au/); Original Data: Assisted Immigrant Passenger Lists, 1828-1896 - Wage State Records Authority of New South Wales; Kingswood New agreements and entitlement certificates of persons on bounty South Wales, Australia; Series: 5315; Reel: 2453. Accessed 7 Nov ships (Agent's Immigrant Lists)”, Subscription Database Online, 2017.

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Figure 4 Wage agreements and entitlement certificates of persons on bounty ships (Agent's Immigrant Lists) for Anne Bell, page 1 (available: ancestry.com.au), accessed 7 Nov 20174.

4 Entry for Anne Bell (Briton, 1844), “New South Wales, Ancestry.com (https://www.ancestry.com.au/); Original Data: Australia, Assisted Immigrant Passenger Lists, 1828-1896 - Wage State Records Authority of New South Wales; Kingswood New agreements and entitlement certificates of persons on bounty South Wales, Australia; Series: 5315; Reel: 2453. Accessed 7 Nov ships (Agent's Immigrant Lists)”, Subscription Database Online, 2017.

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Figure 5 W age agreements and entitlement certificates of persons on bounty ships (Agent's Immigrant Lists) for Anne Bell, page 2 (available: ancestry.com.au), accessed 7 Nov 20175.

5 Entry for Anne Bell (Briton, 1844), “New South Wales, Ancestry.com (https://www.ancestry.com.au/); Original Data: Australia, Assisted Immigrant Passenger Lists, 1828-1896 - Wage State Records Authority of New South Wales; Kingswood New agreements and entitlement certificates of persons on bounty South Wales, Australia; Series: 5315; Reel: 2453. Accessed 7 Nov ships (Agent's Immigrant Lists)”, Subscription Database Online, 2017.

Page | 14 Extraction of details from Agent’s Immigrant List Records

Name John Bell

Ship Briton

Native of Newark, Nottingham

Father John Bell, Labourer (dead)

Mother Elizabeth, Servant

Age 30 [according to certificate: 30]

Health good

Religion Church of England

Employer Richard Windeyer, of Tomago (NSW)

12 months for annual sum of £15

Name Anne Bell Ship Briton Native of Allington, Lincolnshire Father John Marlow, Bricklayer (dead) Mother Mary Marlow (dead) Age 34 [according to certificate: 32] Health good Religion Church of England Children William – 9 Mary – 8 Eliza – 6 Anne – 4 Elizabeth – 1½

Page | 15 For more information on Richard Windeyer, the Australian Dictionary of Biography provides an interesting summation of his life6. The following links also provides some information on Tomago House where John was employed for at least 12 months after his arrival to Australia, https://www.nationaltrust.org.au/places/tomago-house/.

The new information provided on the supplementary passenger list indicated that John’s parents were known as John and Elizabeth Bell, while Anne’s were known as John and Mary Marlow. These additional details would be useful in identifying the correct death certificates for John and Anne Bell.

A NSW BDM search was conducted for death registrations for both John and Anne Bell (John Bell – criteria: ‘John Bell’, parents John and Elizabeth, died 1844-1914; Anne Bell – Criteria: ‘Ann* Bell’, parents John and Mary, died 1844-1912). A total of 3 records were found associated with John Bell of which one in particular appeared most likely and this was for a John Bell whom died in Newcastle in 18627. A single record was also recovered for an Ann Bell whom died in Newcastle in 18688. Both certificates were ordered for evaluation.

The following are scanned images of the certificates received.

6 Entry for Richard Windeyer, Australian Dictionary of Biography, (https://familyhistory.bdm.gov.au/lifelink/familyhistory/search Public Database Online, ?36); Accessed 11 Oct 2017. (http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/windeyer-richard-1060). 8 Entry for Ann Bell, 5545/1868, "(NSW) Death Registration," Accessed 11 Oct 2017. Public Online Index, Registry of Births, Deaths & Marriages (NSW 7 Entry for John Bell, 4915/1862, "(NSW) Death Registration," Government), Public Online Index, Registry of Births, Deaths & Marriages (NSW (https://familyhistory.bdm.gov.au/lifelink/familyhistory/search Government), ?36); Accessed 11 Oct 2017.

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Figure 6 Death Certificate John Bell 4915/1862 NSW BDM

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Figure 7 Death Certificate Ann Bell 5545/1868 NSW BDM

Page | 18 Supporting Information

Provided on the death certificates for John and Anne Bell, are several pieces of information in support of their connection to Mary Clewlow and of which further solidify the belief that the Bell family did arrive in 1844 aboard the Briton and thereafter resided in Newcastle.

As such • John Bell’s death certificate, dated 6 Jan 1862, explicitly notes a daughter ‘Mary (deceased)’, which is consistent with Mary having predeceased John, having died in 1854 • Anne Bell’s death certificate, dated 4 Nov 1868, explicitly states ’24 years N.S.W.’ in response to the question ‘how long in the Australian Colonies or States’, consistent with her having arrived in 1844 • John Bell’s death certificate records the names of his wife and older children which are consistent with the names of the same ‘Bell’s’ travelling on the Briton in 1844 • Among the children noted on John Bell’s death certificate are William and Eliza and for whom their age difference of 3 years is consistently represented across both the death certificate and Briton passenger list, in addition to the ages appearing correct relative to the dates (i.e. William and Eliza were 9 and 6, respectively in 1844 and 26 and 23, respectively in 1862) • On Anne Bell’s death certificate, her place of birth is noted as Lincolnshire, consistent with the Briton passenger list

Notes of caution

Firstly, there appears to be a lack of knowledge on behalf of William Bell (‘son of deceased’ in both instances) with regards to the specific ages he provides for his parents. For instance: • William has noted the apparent age difference of 2 years between John and Anne when providing their ages at death (John, 50 in 1862 and Anne, 58 in 1868) which is also consistent with the age differences provided on the Briton passenger list, however • William contradicts this age difference by also stating that John and Anne were both 23 years old when they married

Page | 19 • Likewise, despite the age difference between John and Anne of 2 years reflected on both the death certificates and the Briton passenger list, their actual ages are 1-2 years older on their death certificates than expected according to the ages provided on the Briton passenger list

This suggests that any of the secondary information (from events not witnessed first- hand) provided on both certificates should be used with caution as it may not be entirely accurate (it is ‘to the best of the informant’s knowledge’ only).

It is also interesting to note that William, while providing the particulars on both his parents death certificates (and at that, no more than 6 years apart), that the details surrounding the number and composition of children born to John and Anne differ. In that regard • On John Bell’s certificate, William has noted a total of 9 children altogether (5 males - none deceased and 4 females - 3 deceased) but 18 on Anne’s certificate (9 males – 4 deceased and 9 females – 6 deceased) • While one might attribute the majority of ‘deceased’ children on Anne’s certificate being due to children whom were stillborn or did not live etc, (details omitted from Johns certificate), William has noted the existence of an additional 1-2 living females in excess of those noted on John’s death certificate (Elizabeth is noted as ‘dec ?’ on Johns death certificate), suggesting there was 1 (Eliza), possibly 2 females (Eliza and Elizabeth) living in 1862 though Anne’s states there were 3 living in 1868) • It’s possible given Anne’s age (approx. 52) when John died, that (1) Anne might have been pregnant with the couples third living daughter (or twin girls if Elizabeth was indeed deceased as suggested on John’s certificate); (2) that Anne went on to have additional children (in a subsequent and unstated relationship); or (3) Anne did not have any additional children and William is mistaken

These contradictions remain to be investigated.

Page | 20 New Information

Several pieces of new information have been provided from the death certificates of Mary’s parents.

Firstly, Mary’s grandparents have been confirmed to be • Paternal grandfather – John Bell, Labourer • Paternal grandmother – Elizabeth Greenacke • Maternal grandfather – John Marlow, Shoremaster (?) • Maternal grandmother – Mary Clay

The death certificates also suggest that Mary’s parents went on to have at least four additional children once arriving in Australia, named John David, Stephen, George David and Joseph James.

Mary’s father John Bell died young, at the age of 50 years from Hematemesis (vomiting blood); while her mother Anne Bell died of Dropsy (old medical term for edema referring to an accumulation of fluid in connective tissue or a cavity, typically indicative of heart or kidney problems).

As for the burial details, the certificates indicate that John Bell was buried in the ‘Presbyterian Burial Ground’ and Mary Bell, ‘Wallsend’.

Page | 21 Mary’s Age

Provided with the two death certificates for Mary’s parents, we can make some inferences about Mary’s age.

See table below and refer to notes following.

26 Jun 1844 Calculated age at 6 Jan 1862 Calculated Age for Passenger List death, end 1854 John Bell’s death cert. end of 1862 William 9 26 27 Mary 8 18 deceased 26 Eliza 6 23 24 Anne 4 deceased Elizabeth 1 deceased

• The Assisted Immigrant Passenger List for the Briton, arriving 26 Jun 1844, provides the ages of 5 children born to John and Anne Bell, being William (9), Mary (8), Eliza (6), Anne (4) and Elizabeth (1) • The death certificate for John Bell, dated 6 Jan 1862, filled in by ‘son of deceased’, William Bell, provides the ages for 2 of these same children, being Eliza (23) and William himself (26) • Provided that John Bell died 6 Jan 1862, it would seem unlikely that any of the children would have had their birthday for that year and therefore their ‘Age by the end of 1862’ would likely be one year more than that recorded on the death certificate of John Bell • Taking into account that Mary died 9 Dec 1854 (so at the end of the year and most likely after her birthday for that year), and assuming the birth intervals were as suggested in the passenger list, we can take Mary’s inferred age of 26 if she had of lived till 1862 and subtract 8 years (the difference between 1862 and 1854) • We are then provided with a calculated age at death for Mary, being 18 years old as well as an estimated birth year of 1836 • By way of extrapolation, Mary would have been about 15 years old when she married George Clewlow

Based on the information from the death certificate for John Bell, we are provided with an

Page | 22 alternative method of inferring Marys age and this differs from the ages we are provided with from the marriage and burial records from Christ Church Cathedral Newcastle (CCCN).

By way of commentary on the record types themselves, it might be suggested that there would be more circumstances that would encourage a person to be deceptive about their age with regards to the religious marriage and burial records in contrast to a passenger list or a parent’s death certificate. Overall, the death certificates for John and Anne Bell provide additional information which must be considered when drawing conclusions regarding Mary’s age.

Burial identification for John and Anne Bell

On 11 Nov 2017, the Newcastle Family History Society (NFHS) was visited to seek out information regarding the burial details for John and Anne Bell. As previously discussed, John Bell was buried in the ‘Presbyterian Burial Ground’ and Anne Bell, ‘Wallsend’.

The ‘Newcastle West Presbyterian Burial Ground 1844-1881’ publication by the NFHS was firstly checked for an entry relating to John Bell. The relevant record was identified and included details which were consistent with those already known, including John’s date of death and the name (including maiden name) of his wife. The text indicated that the original Presbyterian Burial Ground was located along Honeysuckle foreshore in Newcastle. The deceased were described as being relocated to Sandgate in about 1916 after the railway took over the property for development purposes. The following is a photograph of the map featured in the NFHS publication (originally from the Newcastle Regional Library) showing the original location of the burial ground.

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Figure 8 Photograph of map showing location of Presbyterian Burial Ground, Honeysuckle, west of Steel St (photograph taken of NFHS ‘Newcastle West Presbyterian Burial Ground 1844-1881’ publication, map originally from the Newcastle Regional Library)

As such the Northern Cemeteries Online Index (https://northerncemeteries.com.au/) was searched for deceased persons under the name of John Bell. A single record was identified for a John Bell who was specifically buried in the Presbyterian section of the cemetery. The grave location was recorded as ‘PRESBYTERIAN, 6NW, PRESBYTERIAN-6NW-72’. No additional details were provided from the index making it difficult to confirm the burial as being the one for ‘our’ John Bell, however, circumstantially it appears to be highly probable as the correct one.

A site inspection was conducted and the following is a photograph taken of John Bell’s grave site.

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Figure 9 Photograph of John Bell's grave site, Sandgate Cemetery, (PRESBYTERIAN, 6NW, PRESBYTERIAN-6NW-72), taken 11 Nov 2017

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Figure 10 Photograph of John Bell's grave site, Sandgate Cemetery, (PRESBYTERIAN, 6NW, PRESBYTERIAN-6NW-72), taken 11 Nov 2017

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Figure 11 Photograph of John Bell's grave site, Sandgate Cemetery, (PRESBYTERIAN, 6NW, PRESBYTERIAN-6NW-72), taken 11 Nov 2017

Page | 27 Next, NFHS cemetery holdings relating to (Old) Wallsend cemetery were searched for an entry relating to Anne Bell. The relevant record was identified and included details which were consistent with those already known, including Anne’s date of death and the name of her husband. The text indicated that the (Old) Wallsend Cemetery had since been demolished and made into a suburban park. A Google search located a legislative Act, dated 1953, describing the handover of the land to Newcastle City Council and the removal of the headstones within the site (link: https://www.legislation.nsw.gov.au/acts/1953- 5.pdf).

The following are photographs of the site taken 11 Nov 2017.

Figure 12 Photograph of Old Wallsend Cemetery, location of Anne Bell’s grave site, taken 11 Nov 2017

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Figure 13 Photograph of Council Sign marking location of Old Wallsend Cemetery, photograph on sign showing original condition of cemetery, location of Anne Bell’s grave site, taken 11 Nov 2017

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Figure 14 Photograph of Council Sign marking location of Old Wallsend Cemetery, text on sign describing its history and conversion, location of Anne Bell’s grave site, taken 11 Nov 2017

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Figure 15 Photograph of park monument commemorating the site as once being the Old Wallsend Cemetery, location of Anne Bell’s grave site, taken 11 Nov 2017

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Figure 16 Photograph of park monument commemorating the site as once being the Old Wallsend Cemetery, location of Anne Bell’s grave site, taken 11 Nov 2017

Outcome

The death certificate for John Bell, Mary’s father, combined with the details from the Briton passenger List, suggest Mary was possibly born in 1836.

The grave sites for both John and Anne Bell were successfully located.

Page | 32 Part 2: Clewlow’s at Christ Church Cathedral Newcastle

Goal 2 - Confirm the burial details of Georgianna Clewlow, daughter of George and Mary Clewlow (1857)

a) Is she buried at Christ Church Cathedral?

b) Is she buried with Emma?

c) Are there any additional Clewlow graves at the Cathedral?

By the time this part of the research session commenced, the Client had confirmed Georgianna Clewlow was buried at CCCN. No grave site layout was available to ascertain if Georgianna is buried with or in close proximity to her sister Emma.

The NFHS parish card index was searched for all Clewlow’s (and variations thereof) for additional entries of individuals possibly buried at CCCN. The only additional individual featured in the card index was that of Ellen Clulow, see following figures.

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Figure 17 NFHS Parish Card Index, Baptism Ellen Clulow, 1864

NFHS card index included a Baptism record for an Ellen Clulow, daughter of George (miner) and Catherine, born 13 Aug 1864 and baptised 10 Nov 1865. The place of residence of the Clulow’s at this time was Stoney Creek Coal Mine, Parish of West Maitland, County of Northumberland.

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Figure 18 NFHS Parish Card Index, Death & Burial Ellen Clulow, 1865

NFHS card index also included a death and burial record for an Ellen Clulow, whom died 11 Nov 1865 and was buried 12 Nov 1865 aged 15 months old. The Parish was again noted as West Maitland, County of Northumberland.

A search was subsequently conducted using the Maitland City Council, Burial Register (http://www.maitland.nsw.gov.au/Heritage/Cemeteries/BurialRegister) to rule out the possibility that Ellen was buried at CCCN. A single record was identified for an Ellen Clulow. Her death and burial details were consistent with those already identified. Ellen was buried at Campbells Hill Church of England Cemetery, in the Church of England section (BORDER F).

Page | 35 Outcome

Mary, Emma and Georgianna appear to be the only Clewlow’s to be buried at CCCN.

Page | 36 Part 3: The visit to the NSW State Records and Archives Western Sydney Records Centre

Goal 3 - (Recommendation 2): Follow up ‘Discharge books [Darlinghurst Gaol], 1835 – 1914’ located at the NSW State Records and Archives Western Sydney Records Centre to see if any further information can be provided regarding a more precise date of George Clewlow’s discharge from the Army

a) Additional records relating to Sydney Gaol

b) Trial Transcripts?

The NSW State Records and Archives was visited on 20 Oct 2017 and the ‘Discharge Book [Darlinghurst Gaol], 1841-1851’ was searched for an entry for George Clewlow having been discharged sometime between Jul and Sep of 1849.

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Figure 19 Discharge Book [Darlinghurst Gaol], 1841-1851, July 1849 (available: NSW State Records and Archives Western Sydney), viewed 19 Oct 2017.

Page | 38 A single entry was identified for a George Clewlow (11th) having been discharged on 6 Jul 1849 by “Labr to Mil Barr 11 ([illegible])’. He was one of two prisoners discharged on this day. Consistent with previous records, George was admitted on ‘23 Jany’ (no year provided, therefore 1849).

The ‘Debtors books [Darlinghurst Gaol]’ was also viewed in search for George however no records could be found.

Page | 39 Goal 4 - (Recommendation 3): If possible, visit the NSW State Records and Archives Western Sydney Records Centre to view the - full microfiche indexes associated with Probate, Intestate, Deceased Estates and Will documents in search for George Clewlow; and furthermore, of which, check if any further details can be found regarding grants and property among those files

Whilst at the NSW State Records and Archives the remaining sources which could be searched relating to Probate, Intestate, Deceased Estates and Wills (not available online), were accessed. These included the

• NSW Supreme Court Probate Index (microfilm), 1901-190189

The fiche was screened however no new information was obtained.

This concluded all current opportunities to search for a will for George Clewlow and suggests that George Clewlow probably died without a will or an estate.

9 Probate Index (microfilm), 1901-1818, NSW State Records and Gail Davis (Senior Archivist, Research and Publications, NSW Archives, Western Sydney, Australia; 1901-1918 searched by State Records and Archives), accessed 16 Oct 2017 and again on 20 Nov 2017 for misspellings/name variations 1901-1905.

Page | 40 Goal 5 - Visit the NSW State Records and Archives Western Sydney Records Centre for records associated with Land Grants

Whilst at the NSW State Records and Archives the remaining sources which could be searched relating to land ownership and grants (not available online), were also accessed. These included

• Colonial Secretary’s Correspondence – Letters Sent Re: Convicts (1843-1855)10 • Colonial Secretary’s Correspondence – Index to Convicts (& Others) (1848- 1864)11,12,13,14,15,16 • Index to Conditional Purchase Register of NSW (1862-1865)17,18,19,20

The fiche were screened however no new information was obtained.

This concludes all current opportunities to search for land records and grants related to George Clewlow.

10 Letters Sent Re Convicts. (3 Jan 1843-18 May 1855), Colonial Primary Source: State Records NSW; Accessed: NSW State Secretary’s Correspondence, Primary Source: A.O.N.S.W.; Records and Archives, Western Sydney, Australia; Fiche 6433. Accessed NSW State Records and Archives, Western Sydney, 16 Index to Convicts (& Others), 1889-1864 (Abbott, G. – Gately, Australia; Fiche 5925. A.), Colonial Secretary’s Correspondence, Primary Source: State 11 Index to Convicts (& Others) 1848-1853 (Ahearn, S. – Records NSW; Accessed: NSW State Records and Archives, Handcock, H.), Colonial Secretary’s Correspondence, Primary Western Sydney, Australia; Fiche 6453. Source: State Records NSW; Accessed: NSW State Records and 17 Surname Index, 1862, A’court, J. – Gannon, J., Index to Archives, Western Sydney, Australia; Fiche 5966. Conditional Purchase Register of NSW, ISBN. 0-7316-8225-4, 12 Index to Convicts (& Others), 1854-1860 (Abeckett, P. – Hard, Primary Source: A.O.N.S.W.; Accessed: NSW State Records and P.), Colonial Secretary’s Correspondence, Primary Source: State Archives, Western Sydney, Australia; Fiche 5278. Records NSW; Accessed: NSW State Records and Archives, 18 Surname Index, 1863, Abberton, T. – Graham, J.T., Index to Western Sydney, Australia; Fiche 6069. Conditional Purchase Register of NSW, ISBN. 0 646 024655, 13 Index to Convicts (& Others), 1861-1867 (A. Chong – Eliza Primary Source: A.O.N.S.W.; Accessed: NSW State Records and Griffiths), Colonial Secretary’s Correspondence, Primary Source: Archives, Western Sydney, Australia; Fiche 5308. State Records NSW; Accessed: NSW State Records and Archives, 19 Surname Index, 1864, Abberton, S. – Zerk, J., Index to Western Sydney, Australia; Fiche 6072. Conditional Purchase Register of NSW, ISBN. 0 646 06868 7, 14 Index to Convicts (& Others), 1868-1872 (Aboriginal – George Primary Source: A.O.N.S.W.; Accessed: NSW State Records and Edwards), Colonial Secretary’s Correspondence, Primary Source: Archives, Western Sydney, Australia; Fiche 5941. State Records NSW; Accessed: NSW State Records and Archives, 20 Surname Index, 1865, Abberton, S. – Younger, R.H.G., Index to Western Sydney, Australia; Fiche 6127. Conditional Purchase Register of NSW, ISBN. 0 646 06868 7, 15 Index to Convicts (& Others), 1873-1877 (A’violet, Alfred – Primary Source: A.O.N.S.W.; Accessed: NSW State Records and Garland, Herbert T.), Colonial Secretary’s Correspondence, Archives, Western Sydney, Australia; Fiche 5946.

Page | 41 Trial Records

Enquiries were made with the Supreme, District and Local Courts as well as the NSW State Records and Archives to determine the availability of transcripts for criminal court trials dating back to the 1850’s. Unfortunately, the advice provided indicates these specific records do not exist for this time period thereby terminating this line of enquiry.

Outcome

From following up the ‘Discharge Books [Darlinghurst Gaol]’, a date was provided for George’s discharge from Sydney Gaol – 6 Jul 1849. This date was consistent with the Muster Roll and Pay List details.

No information could be obtained regarding additional records relating to Sydney Gaol or the criminal trials which had taken place in 1849.

All additional sources relating to Probate, Intestate, Deceased Estates and Will documents in search for George Clewlow were searched, however no records were obtained. As such, it is the conclusion of this part of the research session that George Clewlow probably died without a will and most probably distributed his estate prior his death. This is supported by the fact that his last known place of residence was Hogue St Wickham, which was the same address of the informant, his son. Without the identification of a will or probate packet, this line of enquiry is now complete.

All additional sources for land records were searched and no new information could be identified. It is concluded that George must have purchased land rather than have been granted land and that unless a specific address can be identified, it will be difficult to further this avenue of enquiry.

Page | 42 Part 4: ‘Smedmore Estate’

Goal 5 - Visit the NSW State Records and Archives Western Sydney Records Centre for records associated with Land Grants (Smedmore query) [continued]

Based on information provided by the Client, an avenue of possible interest associated with land George Clewlow might have owned (and possibly associated with the family anecdote) was an estate in Newcastle known as Smedmore Estate.

The first line of this investigation was a Google search for ‘Smedmore Estate NSW’. Of particular interest was a result from Flickr, which was titled ‘Plan of 71 building sites, Smedmore Estate, Wickham. August 27th, 1878’21. The image was recovered and appears on the following page.

Upon first glance this record appears to have some significance in relation to George Clewlow and the theory about ‘Smedmore Estate’, as it was already known that George is recorded on the 1891 Census as living in Hogue St, Wickham (formerly known as Smedmore), while furthermore, George’s death certificate (provided by Client) indicates this was also his last place of residence. The auction is noted for 27 Aug 1878.

Unfortunately, not much more information could be obtained from the analysis of this image. It does appear, however, that upon this version of the printed image, a person has hand-written names on individual blocks, perhaps buyers (or prospective ones), though ‘Clewlow’ does not appear among them.

21 Plan of 71 building sites, Smedmore Estate, Wickham. August https://www.flickr.com/photos/uon/5906283317), accessed 11 27th, 1878, Cultural Collections, University of Newcastle Library, Oct 2017. Online Public Database (available

Page | 43

Figure 20 Plan of 71 building sites, Smedmore Estate, Wickham. August 27th, 1878, Cultural Collections (University of Newcastle), (available University of Newcastle Library, Online Public Database (available: https://www.flickr.com/photos/uon/5906283317), accessed 11 Oct 2017)

Page | 44 A search was then conducted in TROVE (National Library of Australia) in search for publications and/or notices associated with ‘Smedmore Estate’. Many items mentioning the area were located, however, of particular mention is the advertisement for the auction which featured in the Newcastle Morning Herald and Miners Advocate on Tue 27 Aug 1878 on page 222. See figure below.

Figure 21 Article ‘Local & General – ‘The Smedmore Estate’, Newcastle Morning Herald and Miners' Advocate (NSW: 1876 - 1954), Tuesday 27 August 1878, page 2, (available: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article136046395, accessed 11 Oct 2017)

No results were obtained from searching ‘Smedmore Estate Clewlow’ together.

For interest, a modern Google Maps image of the area was obtained. See figure following. Upon it, an outline (red) has been overlayed to indicate the original boundaries of the estate advertised for auction in 1878. An additional outline (green) around Hogue St, indicates possible residence locations for George (and his son).

22 ‘The Smedmore Estate’, Newcastle Morning Herald and Australia) (http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article136046395), Miners' Advocate (NSW: 1876 - 1954), Tuesday 27 August 1878, accessed 7 Nov 2017. page 2, Public Database Online, TROVE (National Library of

Page | 45

Figure 22 Google Maps Image of area formerly known as 'Smedmore Estate'; note 1. overlay in red – original estate boundary, and 2. Overlay in green – Hogue St blocks, possible residence ‘Geo Clewlow’ according to 1891 Census

Page | 46 Outcome

It appears that George Clewlow resided in the locality previously known as ‘Smedmore Estate’ until his death in 1901. It is unclear how this property relates to the family anecdote.

Page | 47 Part 5: Pay and Muster Roll Records (Mitchell Library)

Goal 6 - Copies of Pay and Muster Records revisited

The next part of this research session was to revisit the (1) Muster Rolls and (2) Account Book relating to George Clewlow, and furthermore to obtain copies of the former records.

To do this the NSW State Library (Mitchell, Sydney) was visited on 20 Oct 2017 to view the Australian Joint Copying Project (AJCP) reels for ‘Muster Rolls and Pay Lists – General’ (WO-12), specifically those relating to George Clewlow’s service (reels PRO 3703-3706). A total of 19 images were recovered spanning the years 1846 to 1850.

The following table is a summary of the information contained across these records.

Table 1 Summary of Muster Roll details for George Clewlow from the Australian Joint Copying Project Muster 1st Muster 2nd Muster 3rd Muster Remarks Australian Joint Copying Year Period Project - Muster Books and Pay Lists. General (1798- 1877) - Reference 1846 Jan – Mar Hobart PRO 3703 WO12/2874-2875, Town 2874 pg 260, Jan-Mar Apr – Jun Hobart Hobart Macquarie PRO 3704 WO12/2875-2877, Town Town Harbour 2876 pg 16, Apr-Jun Jul – Sep Van Diemen’s Land PRO 3704 WO12/2875-2877, 2876 pg 71, Jul-Sep Oct - Dec Van Diemen’s Land PRO 3704 WO12/2875-2877, 2876 pg 129, Oct-Dec 1847 Jan – Mar Detacht- Macquarie Hobart Town from PRO 3704 WO12/2875-2877, Harbour Macquarie Harbour [ - ] 2876 pg 186, Jan-Mar Apr – Jun Hobart Port Arthur Embarked for Norfolk Island PRO 3704 WO12/2875-2877, Town 5 June 2877 pg 307, Apr-Jun Jul – Sep Norfolk Port Arthur PRO 3704 WO12/2875-2877, Island 2877 pg 367, Jul-Sep Oct - Dec [Detachment] Port Arthur PRO 3704 WO12/2875-2877, 2877 pg 427, Oct-Dec 1848 Jan – Mar [Detachment] Port Arthur PRO 3705 WO12/2877(2)- 2879(1), 2877 pg 35, Jan-Mar Apr – Jun Port Eagle Hawk Neck PRO 3705 WO12/2877(2)- Arthur 2879(1), 2877 pg 390, Apr- Jun

Page | 48 Jul – Sep Cockatoo PRO 3705 WO12/2877(2)- 2879(1), 2877 pg 446, Jul- Sep Oct - Dec [ - ] [ - ] PRO 3705 WO12/2877(2)- 2879(1), 2877 pg 507, Oct- Dec 1849 Jan – Mar In Custody Under Guard Sentence [-] by Civil PRO 3705 WO12/2877(2)- of Civil Power at 2879(1), 2879(1) pg 572, Jan- Power for Sydney 8 Mar assault [Feby] and Sentd 6 [mon?] [-] Apr – Jun In Custody of Civil Power PRO 3706 WO12/2879(2)- 2881(1), 2880 pg 100, Apr- Jun Jul – Sep Released [On Cockatoo PRO 3706 WO12/2879(2)- from Civil Command?] 2881(1), 2880 pg 71?, Jul- Custody 6 Sep July Oct - Dec ~ Hospital PRO 3706 WO12/2879(2)- 2881(1), 2880 pg 224, Oct- Dec 1850 Jan – Mar ~ [Guard Do Imprisoned PRO 3706 WO12/2879(2)- Cells?] [Cockatoo?] by Order of 2881(1), 2880 pg 295, Jan- [-] [Comm S- Mar ---][ ] [ ] to 5 March Apr – Jun [Hospital] ~ PRO 3706 WO12/2879(2)- 2881(1), 2881 pg 418, Apr- Jun Jul – Sep Hospital Hospital Discharged 30th September PRO 3706 WO12/2879(2)- [initialled] 2881(1), 2881 pg 481, Jul- Sep

Several pieces of new information were provided from the re-analysis of the Muster Rolls, including:

• 1848 May/Jun (2nd/3rd Musters) – George was located ‘Eagle Hawk Neck’ TAS • 1848 July (at least 1st Muster) – George was located ‘Cockatoo’ NSW • 1850 September, 30 – Discharged from military

Page | 49 Based on the new information, that George was in Tasmania May/June of 1848 but had been relocated to NSW by his July 1848 muster, the former outcomes of George having arrived 27 Aug 1848 aboard the Sir Edward Paget were no longer valid.

The ‘Mariners and Shipping in Australian Waters’ index was researched based off the new information (criteria – Sir Edward Paget, arrived June/July 1848). A new record was recovered indicating the Sir Edward Paget had also made an earlier trip that year, departing Hobart (TAS) 15 Jul and arriving in Port Jackson (NSW) on 20 Jul. On board was 189 Rank and File from the 11th Reg, 17 women and 24 children.

It is also interesting to note both these newly identified locations, being ‘Eagle Hawk Neck’ and ‘Cockatoo’ are heritage convict sites.

Eagle Hawk Neck (TAS), located nearby Port Arthur Historic Site and Coal Mines Historic Site and is made famous for the Dog Lines which were established there. The Dog Lines was an alarm system across the narrow isthmus to prevent convicts escaping the Tasman Peninsula from the Port Arthur Settlement. For more information refer to the following links: https://think-tasmania.com/dog-line/ http://ontheconvicttrail.blogspot.com.au/2013/12/eaglehawk-neck.html

Cockatoo Island (NSW), is located in Sydney Harbour and was a secondary punishment site for reoffending convicts. It was established around 1839 to alleviate pressure from Norfolk Island which was becoming overcrowded. For more information refer to the following links: http://www.cockatooisland.gov.au/visit/history/convicts https://dictionaryofsydney.org/entry/cockatoo_island

The final piece of information revealed from the reanalysis of the Muster Rolls, was an exact date upon which George Clewlow was discharged from the military and this was 30 Sep 1850. It appears a high percentage of the 11th Reg/Ft were also discharged this same day.

Page | 50 Pay sheets Revisited – New Information

The next series of records viewed was the Account Book for George Clewlow.

Figure 23 Account Book of George Clewlow, page 13

Summary of new information according to page

Pg. 13 (partial transcription, figure above) Enlisted for the II Regiment of Foot on the 11 Novr 1844 at Newcastle under Lyme in the County of Stafford at the age of 18 years – months.

Pg. 14 Landed in V.D. Land 26th Jan 1846

Pg. 16 Next of kin Father Thos Booth

Page | 51 Account Locations

1845 Jan to Dec Chatham

1846 Jan to Mar Hobart Town

Apr “at Macquarie Harbour in 1846 and was one of [-] men that stood before two thousand men”

1847 Mar to Dec Port Arthur

1848 Jan to Dec Port Arthur

1849 Jul to Dec Sydney N.S. Wales

1850 Jan to Sep Sydney N.S. Wales

The voyages between Hobart and Norfolk Island, 1847

This part of the research session deviated briefly to look into the shipping details of George Clewlow’s posting at Norfolk Island. The Muster Roll indicates that George embarked VDL for Norfolk Island on 5 Jun 1847 and returns to Port Arthur most likely around Aug the same year. Information passed on from the Client suggests George might have travelled on the Lady Franklin, departing Hobart on 2 Jun 1847 and possibly returning 22 Sep 1847.

With the aim of further clarifying the travel details surrounding George’s posting at Norfolk Island, the Tasmanian Convict Ships List23 was searched for any information relating to ships departing and arriving either Hobart or Norfolk Jun to Sep of 1847.

Of the 437 convict ships featured in the database, only one was found to be of potential interest. The following are the details of this ship:

23 Tasmanian Convict Ships List, AUS-Tasmanian Genealogy Mailing List, Public Database Online (http://rootsweb.ancestry.com/~austashs/convicts/conships.ht m). Accessed 15 Nov 2017.

Page | 52

Ship Lady Franklin Departure Port Norfolk Island Departure Date Aug 1847 Arrival Port Hobart Arrival Date 22 Sep 1847

The information contained in this record supports the return of the Lady Franklin to Hobart, TAS on 22 Sep 1847. Provided the Muster Roll suggests an Aug 1847 return for George to Port Arthur, it is questioned if a 22 Sep 1847 arrival to Hobart fits the time-line sufficiently. Noting that the ship lists featured in the database is not a complete list of convict ships travelling between Hobart and Norfolk Island, other avenues were investigated in the hope of providing more information.

TROVE (National Library of Australia) was searched next for publications among newspapers and government gazettes (criteria: Jun – Sep 1847, “11th Regiment”; “11th Regiment and Norfolk”; “Lady Franklin”; “Norfolk”; “shipping intelligence AND Norfolk”; “shipping intelligence AND Hobart”) however no records of interest were found.

With a lack of additional online resources to investigate further, this concluded this line of questioning.

Outcome

Reanalysis of the Muster Rolls and Account Book led to the identification of several details previously unknown. These include the following:

• Enlistment date – 11 Nov 1844 (Newcastle, UK) • Discharge Date – 30 Sep 1850 (Sydney, AUS) • 1848 May and Jun – Eagle Hawk Neck TAS (Dog Line Guard) • 1848 July, 1849 Sep, 1850 Mar – Cockatoo Island NSW (Secondary Punishment Site) • George was most likely transferred aboard the Sir Edward Paget, departing 15 Jul 1848 from Hobart TAS, arriving 20 Jul 1848 Port Jackson NSW (rather than in August as previously suggested)

Page | 53 Part 6: The identities of Agnes and John Williams

Goal 7 - (Recommendation 4): Validate the identities of Agnes and John Williams children by acquiring either (and if possibly both) parent’s death certificate (if available)

Goal 8 - (Recommendation 5): Acquire an original death certificate for Agnes Williams to confirm her identity; the identity of her parents; the identity of any and all marriages and to whom they were with and when; the identity of any and all children Agnes had; and, the details of her death and burial

A NSW BDM death registration search was firstly conducted to identify the death record for John Williams. Knowing from earlier research that John died in Wallsend on 5 Feb 1926, the targeted certificate search was conducted (criteria: John Williams, 1 Feb 1926- 10 Feb 1926). A single record was identified for a John Williams, parents David and Ann whom died in Wallsend (NSW)24.

Having previously identified the death registration for Agnes Williams25, both certificates were ordered for further analysis.

24 Entry for John Williams, 3157/1926, "(NSW) Death 25 Entry for Agnes Williams, 11751/1932, "(NSW) Death Registration," Public Online Index, Registry of Births, Deaths & Registration," Public Online Index, Registry of Births, Deaths & Marriages (NSW Government), Marriages (NSW Government), (https://familyhistory.bdm.gov.au/lifelink/familyhistory/search (https://familyhistory.bdm.gov.au/lifelink/familyhistory/search ?36); Accessed 11 Oct 2017. ?36); Accessed 25 May 2017.

Page | 54 Certificate – Agnes Williams

Agnes Williams died 21 Sep 1832, aged 79 years, in the district hospital of Wallsend. She was also late of Wallsend.

Her father is noted as being George Hutchinson. As Agnes’s step-father was George Clewlow and her biological father was James Hutchinson, it appears the informant possibly and mistakenly combined both men’s identity in confusion. George is noted as being a ‘bricklayer’.

Agnes’s mother is noted as being ‘Annie Maria’. We know that Agnes’s mothers name was, in full, Catherine Anne Marie Tinsley Hutchinson (nee Powell), so it would appear the informant has merely provided and/or known Catherine by her second and subsequent Christian names – Annie Maria.

Agnes is recorded as having married ‘John Williams’ in Newcastle (NSW) at the age of 19 years, making her approximate year of marriage 1872, consistent with information already known.

Furthermore, we are provided on the details of Agnes’s children whom are identified (upon her death) as being John W. (59), Emma A. (57), Lydia (55) and James (52), all living; and 1 male (name not provided), deceased.

Agnes was buried in the Methodist section of the Sandgate Cemetery on 22 Sep 1932 as per information already identified.

Lastly, Agnes is believed to have died after suffering a fractured tibia, uraemia (“urea in blood” indicative of decreased blood flow through kidneys/kidney failure/urinary obstruction e.g. infection) and senile decay.

Page | 55

Figure 24 Death Certificate Agnes Williams, 11751/1932 NSW BDM

Page | 56 Certificate – John Williams

John Williams died 5 Feb 1926, aged 82 years, in the district hospital of Wallsend. He was also late of Wallsend.

His father is noted as being David Williams whom was a ‘coalminer’. John’s mother is identified as Ann Morgan.

John is recorded as having married ‘Agnes Huttchingson’ in Lambton (NSW) at the age of 28 years, making his approximate year of marriage 1872, consistent with information already known.

Furthermore, we are provided on the details of John’s children whom are identified (upon his death) as being John W. (53), Emma A. (51), Lydia (48) and James A. (45), all living; and 1 male (name not provided), deceased. These details are consistent with those also provided on Agnes’s death certificate.

John was buried in the Methodist section of the Sandgate Cemetery on 6 Feb 1926 as per information already identified.

Lastly, John is believed to have died after suffering uraemia and a fractured femur.

Page | 57

Figure 25 Death Certificate John Williams, 3157/1926 NSW BDM

Page | 58 Outcome

The goals of this part of the research session were to confirm Agnes’s identity by validating/confirming (1) the identities of Agnes and John Williams children; (2) the identities of Agnes’s parents; (3) any and all marriages Agnes might have had, to whom and when; and (4) the details of her Agnes’s death and burial.

This part of the research session was very successful. The following details were revealed during the course of this research: • Agnes and John Williams had a total of five children together whom were identified as John W., Emma A., Lydia and James A., and another unnamed male (deceased) • Agnes’s parents were Annie Maria and George Hutchinson • Agnes had one marriage and that was to John Williams in 1872, in Newcastle NSW and she was 19 years old • Agnes died 21 Sep 1932 from a fractured tibia, uraemia and senile decay and was buried in the Methodist section of the Sandgate Cemetery

Page | 59 Part 7: The migration path of George’s third wife Catherine Hutchinson (nee Powell)

Goal 9 - Pursue research into the migration details for Catherine Hutchinson including departure date from the UK and how and when she came to Newcastle, NSW

It was previously identified that in 1855 George remarried to his third wife named Catherine Hutchinson26.

A NSW BDM search was then conducted to identify the death record for Catherine (criteria: Catherine Cl*, 1855-1937). Among the results was a record for a Catherine A.M.T. Clulow, parents Thomas and Mary, whom died in 1896 in Wickham (NSW)27.

Ancestry.com.au was then searched for records associated with Catherine’s immigration (criteria: Catherine Hutchinson, died 1896 in Newcastle (NSW), spouse George Clewlow). A single record was identified of interest which featured amongst the ‘Victoria, Australia, Assisted and Unassisted Passenger Lists, 1839-1923’.

The following information was provided relating to this entry:

26 Entry for George Clewlow and Catherine Hutchinson, 27 Entry for Catherine Clulow, 8379/1896, "(NSW) Death 202/1855, "(NSW) Marriage Registration," Public Online Index, Registration," Public Online Index, Registry of Births, Deaths & Registry of Births, Deaths & Marriages (NSW Government), Marriages (NSW Government), (https://familyhistory.bdm.gov.au/lifelink/familyhistory/search (https://familyhistory.bdm.gov.au/lifelink/familyhistory/search ?36); Accessed 11 Oct 2017. ?36); Accessed 11 Oct 2017.

Page | 60 Name Catherine Hutchinson Estimated birth year abt 1830 Age 21 Arrival Date 23 Nov 1851 Arrival Port Portland, Australia Departure Port Plymouth Ship Tasmania Nationality English

The following is a partial image of the document featured on ancestry.com.au.

Figure 26 ‘Victoria, Australia, Assisted and Unassisted Passenger Lists, 1839-1923’ (ancestry.com.au), accessed 11 Oct 2017.

The passenger list, consistent with Catherine’s death registration, notes her parents as being ‘Thos [Thomas] and Mary Powell’. This provides support for our Catherine as being the one featured in this immigration record. As such it appears that Catherine immigrated as a married woman, aged 21, Native of Middlesex and could both read and write. Her husband was James Hutchinson, a labourer, age 27, native of Lincolnshire; and together they arrived with their daughter named Mary Ann, aged 4. These details are also consistent with details known already about Catherine’s immediate family unit. The ship

Page | 61 the Hutchinson’s travelled on was the Tasmania which left Plymouth (England) for Portland (Australia), arriving 23 Nov 1851. The Tasmania left Plymouth on 25 Jul 185128.

It is known that Catherine and the Hutchinson family migrated from Victoria to Newcastle in New South Wales sometime between 1851 and when she was remarried to George Clewlow in 1855. It remains unclear as to specifically when and by what means the Hutchinson’s travelled north.

In an attempt to narrow down the dates of their migration, and knowing that Catherine went on to marry George after James, a NSW BDM search was then conducted to identify the death record for James (criteria: James Hutchinson, 1851-1855). A single record was identified for a James Hutchinson whom died 11/12th Nov 1854 at age 31 years (estimated year of birth therefore established as ~1823)29.

TROVE, the Ryerson Index, FindAGrave and the Australian Cemeteries Index were also searched for evidence of James Hutchinson’s death, however no records were identified.

To further narrow down the dates of Catherine’s migration, the session then focussed on confirming when and where Catherine and James’s second daughter Agnes was born. From Agnes’s death certificate, we are told that she was born in Newcastle in approximately 1853. A NSW BDM search was conducted in an attempt to find her birth registration (criteria: Hutchinson, 1851-1855; Agnes, 1851-1855; or James and Catherine, H*, 1851-1855). Unfortunately, no records of interest could be located and concluded this line of enquiry.

The information obtained thus far indicated that Catherine migrated to Newcastle between 23 Nov 1851 (arrival in Portland, VIC) and probably sometime during or before 1853 (birth of Agnes) and most certainly prior 11 Nov 1854 (death of James). The following searches

28 Assisted Immigrants from Great Britain that landed at Portland 29 Entry for James Hutchinson 1208/1854 V18541208 106, 1851-1857, Public Online Index, Glenelg Library (Victoria), "(NSW) Death Registration," Public Online Index, Registry of (http://glenelglibraries.vic.gov.au/historictreasures/images/Ass Births, Deaths & Marriages (NSW Government), isted-Immigration/List_of_immigrant_ships.pdf); Accessed 1 (https://familyhistory.bdm.gov.au/lifelink/familyhistory/search Nov 2017. ?36); Accessed 11 Oct 2017.

Page | 62 focussed on the entirety of records spanning late 1851 through to the end of 1854.

Since no additional records had been located from ancestry.com.au, several additional repositories were searched (criteria: 3 individuals travelling together from VIC to NSW, same ship and date, 1851-185430).

The NSW State Records and Archive ‘Index to the Unassisted Arrivals NSW 1842-1855’, and ‘Assisted Immigrants’ were searched first, (criteria: Hutchinson/Huttchinson/Hutchingson, sorted according to date) identifying 53 hits of unassisted arrivals (between 1851-1854) and 69 hits for assisted arrivals, but none of potential interest.

The Mariners and Ships in Australian Waters Index was searched next (criteria: Hutchinson/Huttchinson/Hutchingson) identifying 48 hits but also none of interest.

The Public Records Office of Victoria (PROV) index of ‘Outwards Passenger Lists’ (record series number (VPRS):948) (criteria: Hutchinson/Huttchinson/Hutchingson AND Newcastle/Sydney) was searched last, identifying 22 hits but again none of potential interest.

By way of commentary and explanation as to the lack of positive results - any passenger whom was an unassisted passenger (paid their own way) was unlikely to be recorded by name unless they were ‘first-class’ passengers. This was the case for international, inter- colony (domestic or coastal shipping) and local shipping routes. If a passenger was travelling in steerage, they would (most often) simply be recorded on the shipping manifest as being among the e.g. ’93 steerage’ and their name not actually listed anywhere. Unassisted passengers travelling first class, however were often (though not always) listed on passenger lists or in newspapers, so TROVE (National Library of Australia) was searched in case the Hutchinson’s travelled by this means. No records were identified

30 It is also possible James travelled separately to Catherine and their daughter and without additional information this is difficult search to execute

Page | 63 of interest.

A point to also consider is, that persons migrating between colonies did not always make their way via shipping routes, but instead frequently travelled overland (e.g. by horse, horse and carriage and even by walking). If this was the case, no records of a person’s migration would exist either.

Outcome

The purpose of this part of the research session were to undertake research into the migration details for Catherine Hutchinson including her departure date from the UK and how and when she came to Newcastle, NSW.

• Catherine departed Plymouth (UK) 25 Jul 1851 • Migrated to Newcastle - 1852/3, most likely if by ship among the steerage passengers whom paid their own fare or by alternative means for which no records are available documenting the migration inter-colony

Recommendation - Acquire Catherine’s death certificate to confirm years in colony

Page | 64 Conclusions

This project was very successful. The overall objective of this research session was to learn more about the lives of select individuals from the Bell, Clewlow and Williams families of Newcastle, NSW (1800-1900).

This research session commenced by looking into members of the Bell family. The identities of Mary Clewlow’s parents, John and Anne Bell were successfully validated. Furthermore, information obtained during the course of this investigation provided an alternative estimate for Mary Clewlow’s age at death (18) and estimated year of birth (1836). The grave sites for both John and Anne Bell were successfully located, while Mary, Emma and Georgianna were also confirmed to be the only Clewlow’s buried at Christ Church Cathedral Newcastle.

The NSW State Records and Archives (Western Sydney) and the NSW State Library were visited to access additional records. The subsequent analysis of the ‘Discharge Book [Darlinghurst Gaol]’ provided confirmation that George Clewlow was discharged from Sydney Gaol on 6 Jul 1849; while the reanalysis of the Muster Rolls and Account book for George Clewlow provided a date of enlisted in the British Army (11 Nov 1844), a date of discharge (30 Sep 1850) and highlighted two previously unknown postings, being at Eagle Hawk Neck TAS and Cockatoo Island NSW. This new information was used to revise the previously suggested migration of George Clewlow from TAS to NSW from Aug to earlier in Jul of 1848.

Also looked at briefly, was a line of questioning involving ‘Smedmore Estate’. It was identified that George Clewlow did indeed reside within this locality, specifically along Hogue St, however it remains unclear if this property holds any relevance to the family anecdote.

Another line of inquiry was that of Agnes and John Williams. Their identities were successfully validated with the acquisition of a death certificate for each. Furthermore, this session was able to identify the pair as having had a total of five children together whom were recorded as being John W., Emma A., Lydia and James A., and another

Page | 65 unnamed male (deceased).

Finally, the details surrounding Catherine Hutchinson and her migration from the UK and thereafter from VIC to NSW could not be resolved beyond the identification of a departure date from the UK (25 Jul 1851). It is suggested that the Hutchinson’s must have either paid their own way as steerage passengers on a ship or migrated by alternative means.

This research session successfully exhausted many lines of questioning which are now considered as complete as currently possible. A single recommendation was however identified: (1) acquire Catherine’s death certificate to confirm years in colony.

Overall, this project successfully revealed novel insights into the lives of members of the Bell, Clewlow and Williams families of Newcastle.

END REPORT