March 1974

Ski Family Cochran Interview by Harry Cummins WHEN world-class runner Tracy Smith joined the Los "It was like finding something you've been searching for Angeles police force a few years back, he was a man more all your life," relates Tracy. "Somehow I knew it was a new inclined toward pursuing blue ribbons than hanging around start for me." with guys who drank. Last February Tracy's new beginning led him to New Until he suffered a severe Achilles injury in 1969, Tracy York's Madison Square Garden, site of the National AAU Smith was America's premier distance runner. An interna- Indoor Track and Field Championships. Just hopeful of a tional vagabond, he toured the world, beating everyone in good showing after a long lay-off, Smith found himself sight while establishing two world records along the way. leading the three-mile run with only a few laps left. Then, at his peak, came a tear in his tendon—a two-year "When I heard the announcer say I could break the lay-off—and an agonizing search for his identity. world record if I ran the final quarter in 64 seconds, I "For as long as I can remember, running had been my couldn't believe it. I really wanted that record, but I was whole life," reflects Tracy. "I was like a robot, training four also starting to hurt. In that last lap I was thinking about hours every day, thinking of nothing else. You won't be- Christ on the cross and how much that must have hurt. And lieve this, but I actually felt withdrawal pains each morning then I just ran harder." when my regular time for running came, and I knew I Smith won the race in a clocking of 13:07:2, and for couldn't run anymore." the third time in his career he owned a new world record. Faced with the prospect of a lengthy lay-off and feeling Incredibly, his time was 9 seconds faster than his first record- he had to get into something as challenging and demanding breaking effort six years previous. as running, Smith took a job as a patrolman with the Los "That was the most satisfying win in my career," says Angeles Police Department. For a three-time dropout, one Tracy. "When I saw all those reporters crowding around thing was certain: It beat brooding over exams and text- me, the biggest thing on my mind was giving God a little books. plug for what had happened." "While I was growing up, I never had the popular view Today, at 28, Smith is once again back in school, eager of cops," recalls the blond athlete. "I never thought it was to talk about the new direction his life has taken. Although smart to go around shouting 'pig' and 'police brutality.' I he claims that Montreal and the 1976 Olympics are "too just wanted to help people, and this seemed like a good way far in the future," you can't help noticing the gleam in his to do it." blue eyes when the subject is mentioned. After graduating from the police academy and spending Currently in his final year at Cal State Long Beach, Tracy nearly two years on the force, Tracy made an interesting wants to make teaching and coaching his lifework. "Don't observation. He could still run a bit. misunderstand me. I thought the police department was Encouraged by the decreasing pain in his ankle, Smith great; but I love running, and this is where I feel I can do decided to leave crime fighting to that other famous Tracy the most good." and returned to competitive running once again. His efforts "Because of the difficult time I'd experienced off the in the Olympic trials, however, fell short of securing him track, I used to think I had nothing to offer anybody," says a place on the U.S. team for the 1972 Games in Munich. Tracy. "But that's not true anymore. I feel I can instill some Discouraged and still unsure of his future, Tracy became of the discipline I've learned into some of the young run- acquainted with Athletes in Action, a Christian organization, ners." and its director, Bob Price. Until he graduates, Smith is working as an assistant to

LISTEN, March, 1974 / 3 I love anything to do with the out-of-doors—camping, back- At the Crossroads packing, sailing, scuba diving." Bernice C. Heisler As far as diet goes, Smith's only requirement is to keep it well-balanced with plenty of protein from basic foods. "I'm no health nut." The deceivingly muscular 5' 11", 153- Life begins— pounder laughs at that idea. "I like my apple pie like every- body else." Certain things, says Smith, are out. Alcohol and Or begins to end— tobacco for starters. With choices made As for drugs, Tracy contends: "There are just too many At a crossroads. natural things in the world to make you happy. For me just being outdoors creates a euphoric state. How can drugs be as good as sailing, or seeing tall pines and clear lakes? "You know, I can understand why people take drugs though. When you are depressed and without any goals, it's easy to get down. I know. But God is with us, especially when we are feeling low. That's the big hurdle—overcome- ing our doubt that He's there." Although disciplined, Tracy Smith's training habits don't Dr. Jack Rose, head track coach at Cal State Long Beach. project stereotype of the Spartan runner. In fact, they may Laboring with the cross-country team in the fall and the seem downright unorthodox to most. When he's not busy track squad in the spring, Smith has proved that he indeed with classes or coaching, you'll find him in the high coun- has something to offer. try of California's rugged Sierra range, running along Dr. Rose recently told the Associated Press: "Tracy is scenic streams and trails. just the most super human being I've ever met. He's been A week before his record romp in New York, Smith was with us such a short time, and already every distance runner preparing with daily treks through the snows of Lake Tahoe. on the team has run a lifetime best. I don't know how he "I guess not many runners train like that." The tanned does it—he's incredible!" athlete shrugs his shoulders. "But I enjoy being alone in "I'm happy now," Smith says. "It seems like I'm always the mountains. It's a great feeling. Training is less of a the happiest when I'm achieving my goals. Right now I drudgery." just want to keep improving myself and concentrate on my Although Tracy's primary interest is running and work- vocational aims. I guess I'm finally learning not to let run- ing with the new breed of young runners, he says he has ning rule my life." become more aware of the world he lives in. Certain things, Running had always been the biggest thing in the life he admits, disturb him. of Tracy Smith, ever since he was 15 and a freshman at "Whether it's drinking, drugs, or just making luxury our Arcadia High School in southern California. He wanted to ideal, we all seem to be thinking too much of pleasure. A go out for football, but his parents discouraged it. Always lot of this comes from boredom, from not realizing the able to outlast his friends with his endurance, Tracy thought importance of our everyday tasks." he'd give track a try. After some encouragement, he entered Smith credits much of his turn around, on and off the a cross country race and won it by a full minute. He was track, to learning the value of patience and perseverance hooked. the last few years. "I'm more content now that I know I "After that, I told myself that I wanted to be the best don't have to win every race—it's not a life-and-death mat- runner in the world. I starting devoting all my energy ter anymore. It was so frustrating trying to expect imme- toward that goal." diate results to everything I set out to do." Tracy's first headline came in 1963 when he won a big Basically a shy individual, Smith has gained more self- race in the statewide high school championships. He later assurance as a result of the social side of international attended Oregon State on a track scholarship and proceeded competition. He now speaks before groups with confidence. to set back to back world indoor marks in the three-mile However, the real Tracy Smith is better mirrored in quiet, run. The twin record performances in 1967-68 earned him recessive ways. a trip to Mexico City as a member of the United States One must probe at length to learn that Smith finds time Olympic team. amid a full school load to work at a day camp for handi- Following the Games and a stint with the Army, Smith capped children. Or that he decided to move home for a had clearly established himself as one of the top runners few months last summer, not out of financial necessity, but in the world. "That's what made the injury doubly painful," because "it brings joy to my parents and myself to spend says Tracy. "Everything I had worked so hard for—to be time together." number one—was gone." "I've always tried to make my parents proud of me." One Smith's amazing comeback last year would have been glance at the ribbons and trophies hanging from the walls only a dream had Tracy failed to keep in condition during of his parents' Arcadia home, and you know Smith has the lull from competition. "Having a healthy body has accomplished yet another of his goals. always been something enjoyable to me," states the hand- Are there worlds left to conquer? Listen to Tracy tell some runner: "I love to wake up every morning with a long it: "As a coach, I can't very well ask my runners to do any- run. I make it my first priority of the day." thing I couldn't do myself, so I must stay in top condition, By the time most guys are reaching for the reset button right? And if I'm in shape, I don't see any reason why I on the alarm, Tracy is in the shower, cooling off after a can't push the world record for three miles to under 13 10-mile run. "I guess I've always been a hyperactive person. minutes."

LISTEN is published monthly by Pacific Press Publishing Association, 1350 Villa Street, Mountain View, California 94042. Second-class postage paid at Mountain View, California. Subscription price $6.00 a year. March, 1974. Through the Five-Day Plan to Stop Smok- ing, these commuters have found— A New Train of Thought

Dorothy Tymon

THERE was no puff, puff, puffing for five days on at least evening," added William Zoha, 46, a heating engineer, "but one of the cars of the Choo Choo train from Hunters Point apparently no more than the others. I am a veteran smoker to Port Jefferson, New York, while a group of commuters of 28 years. At various times I have made attempts to quit were going through the traumas of nicotine withdrawal. or cut down from two and a half packs a day, but it didn't Thirty-six cigarette-hooked lawyers, engineers, computer last. When I received the flyer announcing the course, programmers, and businessmen were determined that there which was distributed one morning at my railroad station, would be no ifs, ands, or butts for them any longer. I decided to make another try." This harried group caught their usual homebound train Seymour Frankel, 40, a marketing specialist, said, "Dur- at 6:04 p.m. for the more than one hour ride to the north ing the 22 years that I have been smoking, I had tried to shore of Long Island. They passed up the Smoking Car, the give it up on my own without success. I had never par- No Smoking Car, and boarded the "Stop Smoking" car to ticipated with a group before, and so decided to join." enroll in the Five-Day Plan to Stop Smoking offered free Frankel continued, "I was often edgy and tense during by Pastor Nikolaus Satelmajer and members of the Seventh- those first days, and wanted to sneak in just a few puffs, but day Adventist Church at Huntington, New York. This was the thought of admitting to the group that evening that I the first such clinic ever held on a commuter train. had cheated seemed worse than my desire to smoke. Instead, "It was the novelty of the idea that persuaded me to try I telephoned my commuter buddy, Patrick Duffy, with whom the program," said Wayne Green, 45, a public relations I had exchanged phone numbers. The brief conversation we man, who has been hooked on cigarettes for 25 years. had then and during succeeding days helped to relieve the "I admit I was nervous and even frightened that first pressure and gave us the support we both needed."

LISTEN, March, 1974 / 5 Commuters concentrate on the Five-Day Plan conducted on the North Shore Line of the Long Island Railroad.

The Five-Day Plan to Stop Smoking was offered on a car of the Long Island Railroad, which is specially outfitted with microphones, a film projector, and other equipment for use as a classroom. While riding back and forth to work, several hundred commuters are taking college courses con- ducted by professors from Ade1phi University of Garden City, New York. Mathew Kiernan and his Edu-Tran, Inc., who originated the idea of the train of thought, is donating the space and time between semesters to community service programs, with the objective of better utilization of commuting time. Because of the high rate of success of the Five-Day Plan, Kiernan is making arrangements with Pastor Satelmajer to offer the railroad clinic to commuters more frequently. At least 65 percent of those who enrolled in the plan on the train abandoned their addiction, and a follow-up after sev- eral months disclosed that none of them had fallen by the wayside. More than a hundred letters and phone calls have requested a repeat of the program. At the first session each smoker put his partially emptied pack of cigarettes into the bag that was passed around. Milton Cooper, a 23-year smoker, kissed his pack of Pall Malls affectionately before they disappeared, and, together with the others took the vow, "I choose not to smoke." Each one then signed a pocket-size pledge card, which said in part, "I hereby choose to cease smoking from this day for- ward." In the lower left-hand corner is a blank space for a "Decision Date." As each one wrote the date, one member "If you want to stop smoking, here are some sugges- jokingly asked if the date could be erased later. tions," says Pastor Nikolaus Satelmajer, local Five- "There are certain types of foods and drinks that intensify Day Plan director.

6 / LISTEN, March, 1974 a craving for a cigarette," Satelmajer told the group; "so one of the things you must do is to change your diet start- ing with tonight's supper. If you drink coffee, eat spicy foods, or take an alcoholic drink this week, you may fail the course you have pledged to take." A Five-Day Plan pocket manual was distributed, and each participant read the diet musts: 1. For you, it is fruit and more fruit, at least for the first twenty-four hours. Fruit helps clean the body system. If you feel famished and cannot get through the evening without something else, you can have soup, salad (prefer- ably without dressing), cottage cheese, wheat toast, and milk. 2. For breakfast, start with a glass of warm water or warm lemonade. Taking in large quantities of water and juices aids in flushing out the nicotine residue from the body. This regimen, if followed rigorously, takes about five days to cleanse the system. You can have orange, grapefruit, or tomato juice. You may eat boiled eggs (no pepper ), fresh or stewed fruit, and toast. NO COFFEE. If you must have a hot drink, then substi- tute Postum or cereal beverages. 3. During office coffee breaks, drink fruit juice or milk. 4. Avoid condiments on your food at lunch because they are not your friends. "Maybe some of you should stick to this diet more than "How many haven't had a cigarette since last night?" five days," observed Satelmajer as he eyed several bulging E. L. Taylor assists Pastor Satelmajer with the Five- middles. Day Plan.

Sam Cipri, 34, of Dix Hills said that this was the first time he had heard of the necessity to drink warm water or that coffee and spicy foods stimulated the craving for to- bacco. He explained the program to his wife, and that first night she joined in taking the pledge to cease smoking. Because of her cooperation in the preparation of meals, both succeeded in getting rid of the nicotine habit. Another important feature of the plan is to help the smoker change habits bound to bring on the craving. Don't linger at the dinner table, but get up immediately, or the urge to smoke will get you. Don't plop down in your favor- ite chair. Create a new habit and take a walk after each meal, if possible, but particularly after supper. Breathe deeply. As a matter of fact, since deep breathing helps tremen- dously, this should be done numerous times throughout the day. If during the day the urge comes upon you, stop what- ever you are doing and take four or five deep breaths. Then repeat the pledge to yourself, "I choose not to smoke." The four-year-old daughter of William Rishcynski was surprised when right after supper one night her dad asked her to take a walk with him, but she excitedly ran for her coat. They had great fun walking down the streets, looking at the stores, stopping to chat with someone or being fol- lowed by a neighborhood dog. Although it has been several months since he stopped smoking, the evening walk has become a regular part of Rishcynski's life, and it has brought Dr. Thor Bakland, of the New York State University him and his daughter closer together. health faculty, talks about the effects of smoking on The pocket manual advises that a lukewarm bath or the body. shower be taken before retiring and another in the morn-

LISTEN, March, 1974 / 7 ing. This tends to reduce the craving. Further more, bath- The most zealous affirmation of the well-known Five- ing tends to relax the nerves. Day Plan conducted by the Seventh-day Adventist Church "How was your first day?" asked the soft-spoken pastor comes from Attorney James A. Murphy, who has been on the second night of the train program. invited to speak before numerous fraternal and community "It was hellish," confided one man, "but there was no organizations. smoke." "After 35 years of smoking up to three packs a day," he "The afternoon was the worst for me," said another, "and says, "I finally found a system that works. At times I have for the first time since I have been commuting, I couldn't tried analysts, psychologists, psychiatrists, hypnotists, and wait to board this train." was enrolled in a program called Smoke Watchers. None None of these men had been left isolated during that helped. The theory of a gradual reduction proposed by first 24 hours. As part of the program, Satelmajer's wife Smoke Watchers was a disaster for me. Neither were we Ruth telephoned as many of the participants as she could given specific things to do or provided with the props reach during the day. In some cases she left messages with which I feel are so important at the beginning. Neither their wives or secretaries. could I afford four years time or $35 an hour for the "The key thing," says Ruth Satelmajer, "is that the crav- psychiatrist. ing for a cigarette lasts no more than three minutes. So it "I am no longer a slave to a habit. I am in control. I do is necessary to divert their minds for that period of time. everything I did before and do not lead an artificial life. Equally important, you have to give a little moral support, For the first time in 35 years, I am very proud to say, I have because a man may be watching a hundred persons in his not smoked for three months since I took this five-day pro- office smoking during the day. I feel that my job of calling gram, nor do I even want to. every day to keep in touch is very significant." "Essentially, I feel that the pastor and his wife sincerely "We feel that if stop-smoking pledges can get people cared about me and my efforts to break the habit. The plan, over the hump of the third day, the chances are good they devised and carried out for the past ten years by the Sev- will make it," stated Statelmajer. "That is when my wife enth-day Adventist Church, makes a lot of sense. It is prac- and I intensify our contact with each individual. They also tical, direct, gives confidence, and, best of all, it works." have our telephone number and are free to call us day or A member of the department of psychology from Ade1phi night, and many have done so." University has been in touch with Pastor Satelmajer and When pressures mount up on the job and the hand asked his cooperation in conducting some studies concern- moves toward the cigarette pocket, Stop! Take several deep ing behavior and smoking. breaths. Repeat your decision. The urge will disappear. The Human Resources Center of Albertson, New York, William Girard, Henry Muhr, and the other grim-faced has requested help in setting up a similar program to be men listened attentively to Dr. Thor Bakland, from the given at their center. State University health faculty, while he discussed the Six weeks after the nonpuffing Choo Choo program effects of smoking on the body. ended, Pastor Satelmajer and Ruth prepared a buffet supper "Only the dummy smokes," he began, pointing to life- at the Huntington Church for the proud graduates, their size Smoking Sam—a mannequin—cigarette dangling from wives and children. his mouth. "The chances of Smoking Sam dying from lung "We now sleep better, think more clearly, feel less tired, cancer is 700 percent greater than it will be for those of taste our food, and save money," chorused the new members you who chose to cease smoking," continued the doctor. of Nonsmokers International. One man slouched down in his seat and cringed as the Everyone, though, is frustrated because no one has yet doctor held up two large color photographs showing a been able to locate Scott, the writer of the following letter, healthy lung and one riddled and destroyed by cancer. who neglected to include his address: Tar and nicotine invade the thousands of air sacs in the "Dear Pastor Satelmajer, lungs. As the tar residues continue to build up in the air "I was very interested in the article that was written passages over a number of years, they begin to change the about your helping people to stop smoking. surface cells of their air passages. The cells increase in "I am fifteen years old, and I participate in school athletic number and after a few years lung cancer often appears. By activities. Unfortunately, I started smoking before I became the time a diagnosis finally confirms the presence of lung interested in sports. I have many friends, and also my par- cancer, the disease has usually spread beyond control.That is ents, that smoke regularly. why lung cancer proves 95 percent fatal. "I was wondering if you would be kind enough to send "I showed some of those pictures to a couple of the me any excess literature on the way you help people to stop fellows on the job," related Paul Shirrman, a 37-year-old smoking. Thank you very much. telephone installation man, who had been smoking since "Sincerely, he was 15. "The face of one guy actually turned white, and ( signed) "Scott Bonessi" he angrily threw almost a full pack into a nearby trash can." At the final session of the commuter Five-Day Plan to The Five-Day Stop Smoking Plan is conducted Stop Smoking, 23 men felt they were on the right track. periodically. Thus, anyone who wants to become a There was a visible change in their facial expressions and quitter, may contact the Seventh-day Adventist a friendly, more relaxed attitude. Six of the original regis- Church anywhere in the world. Inquiries about the trants were away on business trips and seven had quit the program may also be made by writing to a central course. office at P.O. Box 4390, Washington, D.C. 20012.

8 / LISTEN, March, 1974 Dear LISTEN: My son brought home a magazine from school today titled LISTEN. I was glancing through it and happened to read the editorial. I am so happy to find that the public is finally finding out that the biggest drug problem today is not pills or marijuana but alcohol. I should know. I'm an alcoholic. I'm luckier than a lot of people. I finally went into a treatment center 17 months ago, and thanks to God and Alcoholics Anonymous I'm still sober today. I can hardly understand these people that wouldn't touch "dope" but will pour alcohol down by the quarts, and insist it can't hurt them. I know what it can do; I was drinking a fifth of liquor a day just before I went into the treat- *de to Habitual ment center. I didn't start out to be an alcoholic; I drank because it made me feel like I was just as important as anyone else, and it was an easy way to Trippers escape from reality. I am 30 years old, and from the time I was 26 to 28 years A butterfly under a distorted sky old I hardly drew a sober breath. Hitting wildly I am thankful to be alive and sober, and I hope that the young people will Higher, higher, in a maze realize what a powerful drug alcohol is. Reaching desperately Toward the sun. Peggy Robinson Always a little out of reach, Fairmont, Minnesota It scorches him in its fury And blinds his senseless eyes That, nonetheless, gaze upward In his fright. Pain wracks his body. His mind wallows in a pool of terror; He clutches my hand tighter, Bob Anastas For his mind cannot understand Why he is so afraid, Why his blinded eyes are burning, Answer Or why it hurts him so. The acid in his brain Won't let him be. Yet upward still he flies Till his very wings are blazing, And he can go no longer. With a scream of helpless anguish, He falls. Crumpled in a corner, he is now

His wingsstill are broken And his spirit is shattered. Yet, he wishes for the acid again, For his mind cannot understand Why the world of reality is as "Dad, will you blow this balloon up real painful to him Are people more crea- big for me, like you did for the policeman As the world of hallucinations tive under the influence the other night?" and dreams. of LSD? I think people really feel they are more crea- tive. Whether they actu- ally are or not is very difficult to determine. A lot of studies have com- pared the creative capa- bilities of an individual before and after LSD ex- periences, and there are no significant changes in the individual. You might feel more creative, there- fore giving you some sort of creativity to express. An old saying states that creativity is 90 percent With the gasoline shortage it's hard to get a tiger in the tank these days, but perspiration and only 10 a lion on the bumper can provide a little extra push. This tourist's car gets percent inspiration. playful attention from a lioness at Lion Country Safari.

LISTEN, March, 1974 / 9 A Way of Knowing Yoursel

PHLEGMATIC--Once you get her up and moving, keep her going."

DO YOU know of a family with four children where discover the reasons for these differences. They are four all the kids are different from one another? You would different personality types. Linda is a phlegmatic—kind, think that being raised in the same environment, born of sympathetic, and easygoing, but also lacking in motivation, the same parents, would make them more alike than differ- with a definite trend to be lazy. Her dad has always said of ent. But quite often the opposite is true. her: "Once you get her up and moving, keep her going." The Johnson family is a good example. Linda, 18, is He's right. This is the right way to treat this kind of person. cool, calm, and easygoing. "Sometimes I think all Linda His or her motto is: "What doesn't get done today can be has on her mind is fun and games—and boys!" her mother taken care of tomorrow." Procrastinators are almost always said of her through high school. Around the house, if it this type of guy or gal. weren't a school day, Linda would get up later than everyone Debbie is directly opposite—a choleric girl. What does else. It was a real chore to motivate her to help with house- hold or lawn chores, even to clean her own room. Her sister, Debbie, 16, gets into gear first thing in the CHOLERIC---She's not bashful about morning, and the family call her their "human dynamo." expressing her opinions." She not only helps around home, but gets straight A's on her report card, and plays the piano. She's good at sports too. Debbie is ambitious, even though the rest of the fam- ily is more lackadaisical. John at 14 is already a deep thinker—a quiet guy. He'll sacrifice his own grades to help his younger brother Billy with his homework. Small wonder. Billy already loves other people, not only his friends at school, but almost everyone. In a word, this kid bubbles. He's lively, outgoing, optimistic, and enthusiastic. He doesn't make the best grades or have too many impressive accomplishments—except one. Every- body loves him, and he loves them right back! If the Johnson kids were to study psychology, they would

10 / LISTEN, March, 1974 this mean? Mainly, that she's a real go-getter. The name Afterward, he may feel genuinely sorry about this habit and "human dynamo" suits her well. She has dogged determina- wish he could break it. What he is more likely to do is to tion and will try harder and longer to succeed than most pick quiet persons for friends—perhaps melancholy or a other kids. She has an easy time making big decisions, and phlegmatic. Two friends who complement each other can she's not bashful about expressing her opinions. Her dad become a great team and really "swing" together. The secret won't be surprised if she goes in for Women's Lib because is for them to appreciate rather than disparage these natural she's so independent. Self-sufficient is another word that differences. describes her to a tee. Both of these two personality types I'm one of those sensitive, sacrificial, melancholy types. have one thing in common—they are quite unemotional. Guess who I'm attracted to? You're right—an outgoing, Linda once said: "Deb and I are about as emotional as a lively sanguine person fascinates me. Most of my closest couple of clams!" friends and favorite people are of this type. Through the The other two personality types are highly emotional. years I've gravitated to gregarious persons. They draw me John, the deep thinker, is the melancholy type. He analyzes out, liven me up—and this is good. every move he plans to make, also his friends and his fam- Yet they tell me I inspire them to try to better them- ily, almost everything and everyone. This boy always thinks selves, to do something with their lives. So, while their before he acts. He's a perfectionist. That's why he keeps fun-loving, outgoing nature rubs off on me, my serious his room immaculate, and all his dresser drawers are in ideas often hit home when I talk to them. We have talked perfect order. Of course he's critical of Linda and the way about this and feel we are mutually good for one another. she keeps her room! And he's moody. One day he's soaring Most people are predominantly one of these four basic around in the heights, really riding Cloud Nine. The next personalities. Yet they are most likely a blend of two or day he's drowning in the depths of gloom. three types, even all four. Study yourself and you'll see that Little Brother Billy is the eternal optimist. Seldom does a certain type seems to describe you best. If you try for anything or anyone get him down. And if adversity does big things, such as president of a prominent club, you are strike, it's not long before he's all smiles again. Billy has no doubt a choleric. This type never stops being ambitious about six close buddies, not just one. He'd have more if —it pushes, rather than plods, through life. he figured he had time for them. Even when he gets older, If you have a hard time getting going ( if you lack a his friends will probably say: "Bill's as exuberant as a self-starter), you are probably a phlegmatic. This one child!" That how the sanguine personality appears. nearly always lacks initiative and tends to lean on someone There you have it! Four basic personality types. Perhaps else. He's carefree, and usually careless. But his relaxed you can now see why you get along with some people easier way of living can give him a long life. than with others. A loud, aggressive, goal-centered choleric If you love to ponder about the meaning of life, if you're seldom keeps from getting irritated with his slow-moving, good with figures and keep records (even a diary ), and if lackadaisical phlegmatic friends. Yet unmotivated people you willingly sacrifice for others, you've got to be a melan- find it hard to understand those in high gear. Still these two choly. This is a sensitive, emotional nature given to broad opposite types are often attracted to each other. mood swings. But this individual is more dependable. Why? If Miss Happy (a sanguine) dates a Mr. Sad, there can He always takes life seriously. What he or she is not is a be trouble as well. Once again, two direct opposites are fun-and-games person! attracted to each other. Hopefully, the sanguine's natural If you, however, go out for sports, have a tendency to be optimism might rub off on the sad, analytical partner. Of the "life of the party," and are warm and responsive, you course, a melancholy person is more dependable than anyone are a delightful sanguine personality. Just make sure your else and that's worth a lot. Remember, too, this girl or boy enthusiasm doesn't lead you to talk too much or carry on a will make personal sacrifices for his friends, whereas the monologue. Frank and outspoken, if this is not overdone, other types may be more self-centered. you disarm people, and they really open up with you. One reason opposite types attract is that they long to be Each of these types has virtues and vices. The secret is different, in many ways, than they are. For instance, as much to play up the good points and work on the flaws. But as people love sanguine people, this extroverted type does mainly, knowing about these various types will help you tend to dominate conversations and speak before he thinks. understand other human beings better. 000

MELANCHOLY—"The deep thinker— SANGUINE—Even after adversity strikes, "it's he analyzes every move he plans to make." not long before he's all smiles again." LISTEN talks with Virginia Cochran, mother of the world's most famous ski clan.

Few families can boast about together- "I really don't know," Ginny Cochran ness like the famed Cochrans of Vermont, answered. "The other day a reporter writ- at least as far as skiing is concerned. ing a story counted what he could find. How many families can point to three Those totaled 285. There are a lot more daughters and a son, all known world- put away in the closets." wide for ski racing, a father who coaches Also nearby was a color picture of Bar- the U.S. Ski Team, and a mother who ha bara Ann raising her hand in smiling vic- served as ski instructor. Six accomplished tory at the Olympics in Sapporo, Japan. skiers, and all in one family! She was the first American woman to win How appropriate, then, to find oneself a winter Olympics gold medal since 1952. seated in the Cochran home near Rich- Soon afterward she received the Skier of mond, Vermont, talking to the mother of the Year award. the clan. She seemed a bit lonely, since That gold medal (won by only .02 of the rest were all out West preparing for a second) was lying there before us. Look- the 1973-74 World Cup tour, just being ing at it, handling it, gives a person a real outfitted in Denver, then going "where thrill. One could only wonder, How would the snow is good." Mom had to stay home actually winning it feel? Next to the gold and "tend the furnace," she said. was another medal, a silver, won at the During the winter Olympics in same Olympics by older sister Marilyn. In front of us as we talked was a col- on the shoulders of her brother lection of trophies and cups, some large Completing the Cochran trio was Bob, the after she won a first place in the and imposing, others small. "How many best American in the downhill. the USA's first gold medal in A do you have in the house?" But the Olympics is not the only Coch-

12 / LISTEN, March, 1974 Ginny, "there's really not much to do." Actually, there was no formal training program as such in the family, she ex- plains. The interest just grew gradually. Perhaps, however, this interest was en- hanced by the father's serving as ski coach at the University of Vermont, then as a General Electric engineer in Burlington. Being mathematically inclined, he would carefully figure the fastest way down a mountain, also when to edge a ski and where to shift one's weight to make a turn more effective. In Alpine skiing there are three races: slalom, a run between closely spaced poles; giant slalom, in which the course is longer and the poles farther apart; and down- hill, a long and hazardous near-vertical descent down a mountain. Gradually the young Cochrans came into their own specialties, Barbara Ann and Lindy in slalom events; Marilyn and Bob more versatile in all three races. But when skills sharpen and equipment needs become more specialized, doesn't all this lead to heavy expense? "It took a lot of money," Mother says, "but it was the thing we wanted to do." And she describes how a pair of skis lasts only two to three weeks for a good skier. Then they lose their life for racing. Fortunately, manufacturers now produce custom-made skis for proficient perform- ers. "But then we had to buy them, and we didn't get them that often." The next question followed logically, "Was all this worthwhile?" Bob races into a gate during a World Cup competition With no hesitation the answer came in Austria. back, "If you direct children in a healthful activity, I don't think you will have prob- lems. This could be true of skiing, skat- ran highlight by any means. All four ing, or taking a walk." young skiers hold either national or in- Mrs. Cochran uses her own experience ternational titles, or both. They have won to back up her comment: "With my chil- World Cup honors, the French national dren, if they would ski all day long, they title, international championships, to list would come home, maybe study for an a few of the best. hour or so and then go to bed. They didn't Small wonder! They have been at it want to go out, or anything different." from the very beginning. Marilyn and The only real discipline problem Barbara were on ski-skates by age 3, on seemed to be when Mother told them they regular skis by 4. Bob and Lindy were on couldn't do any more homework. They regular skis by 3. "I don't remember not were doing just too much. knowing how to ski," Marilyn once com- Of course, with four developing ski mented. And Bob added, "It's always been careers on hand, school studies fitted as natural to me as walking." around ski seasons, and even now are The family is native to ski country, being stretched out a bit. Bob is well Mother coming from Vermont and Father "programmed" in his ambition to become from New Hampshire. When in 1960 a doctor, having completed two and a half they moved to Richmond, they bought a years in college. The girls are "not as pro- ro, Barbara Cochran is carried house backing up against the mountain, grammed," each one having done either :ochran (left) and Rick Chaffee en's slalom event and captured where they made their own ski slope and one or two semesters in college. Barbara skiing in twenty years. set up a rope tow. "If you winter in this Ann seems leaning toward home econom- country, and you don't ski," says Mother ics, Marilyn toward a math major ("not

LISTEN, March, 1974 / 13

sure, though"), and Lindy to physical education, maybe teaching. For the two oldest—Marilyn and Bar- bara—this year may be their last for com- petitive racing, though this depends on their current season. For Bob and Lindy their eyes are on the '76 Olympics in Innsbruck. In the rigors of top competition in an increasingly popular sport, it is difficult to stay in the best form over many years. Skiers tend to retire at about age 25 in the United States. The four Cochrans are rather bunched in their ages, being only one year apart, beginning with Marilyn at 23, Barbara Ann at 22, Bob at 21, and Lindy at 20. Though the world is virtually their backyard, the Cochrans are a close-knit family. Obviously, they have always liked each other and enjoyed each other. "I don't think we have any generation gap," observes Mother Ginny. She says that having four children, each a strong, determined competitor, does not really give rise to problems among them- selves. When on a race course, they are out to win. When one does win, the others are happy about it. Their philosophy of competition is simply to go the fastest Barbara Ann demonstrates Marilyn demonstrates her down a mountain—from start to finish. her greatest specialty, the winning ways in a World Racing is an individual sport. Skiers com- slalom. Cup downhill race in Switz- pete against themselves—and the clock. erland. "You are trying to make a good turn. You are trying to go fast. Even though you run your best race, and really feel you have skied well, you still may not win. Yet you are satisfied with that day. On another day you may feel you haven't done your best, but you still may win that race. You are not as satisfied with that day." Success, Mrs. Cochran puts in, depends a lot on mental attitude. "Oh yes, you really think you can win, or that you can ski well—that's a big part of it. You set your mind to it." Also success, she says, comes from the realization that skiing must be a con- tinuous thing. Conditioning programs go on the year around. Skiing is a rigorous sport. Novices are not the only ones who take spills. Even the Cochrans are not exempt from acci- dents. Lindy has broken a leg three times in three years. Marilyn has suffered two or three concussions ("nothing serious," says her mother ). Bob was sidelined for a year or so by a badly injured ankle. Speed can compound trouble when an accident occurs. On downhill runs women usually travel 60 to 70 miles per hour, Barbara consoles her brother Bob after he took a spill during men about ten miles faster on the aver- a slalom ski event at the Olympics. age. "It could be like jumping off a car on the interstate," Mrs. Cochran says.

14 / LISTEN, March, 1974 As to diet, she says her children eat like all healthy young people. "They just eat a lot." They have no special diet, but try to get adequate protein. There is no real problem of weight control. What about smoking? None of the Cochrans smoke. They simply don't like it. It doesn't seem to be an issue with them. They really haven't thought a great Jempia**,C.Pit deal about it, according to Mother Ginny. "We haven't talked to the children about it, or made it an issue. They have made DRUG and alcohol addiction has so proliferated everywhere nowadays that persons who want volun- their own decision—they're all young tarily to enter state or Federal rehabilitation programs adults, you know. It is a matter of their find themselves unable to gain entry. choosing not to smoke." Privately operated therapeutic centers abound for On this basis it could be said that smok- the treatment of these illnesses, but only the affluent or ing is an imposition on an already busy their families are able to pay for the costly treatment. program. It's about the same with the One solution to harassed families who want to enter question of drinking. It's really not im- persons into privately operated programs is to treat the portant, not a major consideration, says costs involved as deductible expenses on their income Mrs. Cochran. tax returns. Thus, a mitigation of the burden through Being a close family, the Cochrans tax relief might be a plus factor in a family's being able to afford institutional costs. were always tied together with common Recently the Internal Revenue Service had to con- interests. "Mickey and I set the general sider this situation: A taxpayer entered a therapeutic direction. The kids were just normal kids center for alcoholism, where he remained as an in- —they went to school and raced. They patient for several months. The center is maintained had an ambition to excel. When young, for alcoholics by a private, nonprofit organization and all of them hoped they would make the receives support from outside legal, medical, and other Olympic team, because that's what they professional sources. Inpatients must pay for their care, read about." which includes room, board, and treatment. Ski tours are among the most exhaust- Ordinarily the Government is wary of allowing a deduction for the cost of food or room in any facility ing of activities. For example, Mrs. Coch- other than a hospital. The IRS has always feared that ran tells of a winter tour in which her some persons who were "tired" and otherwise in need skiers were in Europe in December, back of rest might enter nursing homes or sanitariums and for two weeks, returning to Europe for attempt to charge off as medical expenses items five weeks, back to the U.S. East Coast thought to be no more than hotel expenses. briefly, then to Alaska, Japan, and Cali- However, because of the great concern to fight the fornia all in the space of one week. After two plagues in our midst—drug and alcoholism addic- all that, there was another trip to Europe. tion—the Internal Revenue Service issued Revenue But other than the rigors of travel, the Ruling 73-325, stating that in the example given above, discomforts of constant change of loca- the amounts paid by the taxpayer to the therapeutic tion and accommodation, the drawbacks center for alcoholism, including the cost of the tax- payer's meals and lodging at the center which are of necessary adjustment to new circum- furnished as a necessary incident to his treatment, are stances, skiing is "a great sport," says expenses for medical care as defined in Section 213 of Mother Cochran. "Its benefit is the devel- the Internal Revenue Code of 1954, and are deductible oping of a good outlook on life. I get such as medical expenses, subject to the limitations provided. a thrill just going down the mountain! In a companion ruling previously issued, Revenue I would recommend skiing to anyone." Ruling 72-226, 1972-1 cumulative Bulletin, page 96, it As she talks, with rising animation in was held that costs to a taxpayer who maintained a her voice and a sparkle in her eyes, it is dependent in a therapeutic center for drug addicts, in- easy to see that Mrs. Cochran is sold on cluding the cost of the dependent's meals and lodging, were deductible medical expenses under Section 213 her product. She reaches into a corner for of the Internal Revenue Code of 1954, and as stated a huge scrapbook, a massive collection of above, subject to limitations (so-called 3 percent rule). clippings, pictures, and mementos artfully Going one step further, the IRS will allow the cost put together by appreciative citizens of of transportation to Alcoholics Anonymous meetings the Cochran hometown, Richmond. As on the basis that they are primarily for and essential we turn the pages together, it becomes to medical care. It would follow that transportation more evident than ever that here is a costs to outpatient drug clinics would similarly be tax family achievement that has seldom, if deductible. ever, been rivaled anywhere; and that the In itself tax relief may not seem to be important, but for the family of limited means attempting to cure a achievement is still in progress, a tribute person of addiction, the help is welcome. to the worth of family unity in our own modern day and dedication to a long- range goal. 000

LISTEN, March, 1974 / 15 Lisa St. John

Interview by Charles G. Edwards

FALL River Mills is a town of about 600 in northeastern California. The beautiful little Fall River meanders idly through the countryside, forming a lake just above the town. Fall River Mills is home for world champion water skier Lisa St. John. Eighteen-year-old Lisa and her younger sister, Lynne, practice their water-skiing at the lake and prepare for major events. Lisa's mother, Mrs. Babbs St. John, was National Water Ski Champion in 1963, but did not enter fur- ther competition. Lisa has had spectacular success in water skiing, and younger sister Lynne is rapidly gain- ing skill.

Lisa, when did you start skiing? Mom was national champion in 1963 in the Senior Women's Division, and Dad used to ski. So I've been skiing all my life. I was on skis at 18 months and actually learned to ski when I was four. Two guys on either side would start me off. I was up by myself at four. I was in skiing competition when I was five. I first skied in na- tional competition at Long Beach.

16 / LISTEN, March, 1974 Water Skier How much time do you spend practicing? ing exercises to get my muscles loosened up. I jog a little. All day every day. We ski from May to October. We get I do sit-ups in the winter. I'm quite active, as I love all ip around 7 a.m. in the summer. I ski till 8; then home for sports—basketball is my favorite. But I love skiing the best. )reakfast. I ski from 10 to 12 and then in the afternoon To what do you attribute your success in skiing? rom 4 to 6. This completes my day. I'm going to so many :ompetitions now that there's not that much time to prac- My mom and dad. My dad has always been my coach; ice. It was an advantage for me to be in Florida. You other people help on finer points. Dad checks my skis each night say I got a jump on the ski season. night. He keeps the boat in tune and ready to go. What competitions have you won? Lisa, do you smoke? In the nationals in Virginia last August, I took second No, I wouldn't smoke, or drink. I'm so health-conscious place. And in the world contest in Bogota, Colombia, in and body-conscious that they don't fit into my way of life ate September I won the world championship. I placed first at all. I don't know much about marijuana, but it's smoking, werall with second place in slalom, third place in jumping, so it's bad. 3.nd sixth place in tricks. That the biggest win of my career, What about the use of other drugs? to overall world championship in water-skiing. I can't see messing around with my mind. It seems so When did you win your first championships? stupid. LSD flashbacks scare me. I had a friend who took I won my first nationals in 1965 when I was 10, on acid, and one day he told me he had a flashback, like it was Friday the 13th ( it's now my lucky day!) in the under-13 something neat. To me, a flashback during skiing would be group. I've held national championships in 1966, 1967, scary. Alcohol scares me too. 1968, 1970, 1971—not in 1972, though. I placed a silver If something is harmful, why do it? I have to have full medal in slalom in Spain in 1971. I was sick at the time, so control of my body. sick, in fact, I was carried down to the docks on a stretcher. What are your goals in school? 3ut I got the medal! I took a year off from school last year to go to Florida, What has been your biggest thrill? then to Australia and South Africa, skiing as I went. I'd like One of my biggest thrills in skiing was my breaking of to major in English, but I haven't really made up my mind. :he world jumping record last year-114 feet—on May 28. There's so much more I want to learn, I don't want to be tied On June 23 I broke the record again with 116 feet. I was down to one subject. I want to learn as much as I can. 30 excited even before they announced it because I was Lisa, what advice do you have for other teen-agers? positive I had done it. Smile. If I can't smile, everything is really disappointing. Do you have a daily exercise program beside skiing? I don't like it when people frown. It's important just to live Not really. I never really stop skiing. I do some stretch- each day as it comes. 000

LISTEN, March, 1974 / 17 l

ia March, 1974 / Vol. 27, No. 3

Editor Does Everyone l / LIMN Journal of Better Living ia Do It? Executive Director / Ernest H. J. Steed "Everybody does it." This argument is frequently Editor / Francis A. Soper used to rationalize various forms of conduct. If one

Editor Associate Editor / Twyla Schlotthauer wishes to wear a certain style of dress, eat a new kind Assistant Editor / Tim Garrison l / of food, drive a flashy car, or engage in a possible Editorial Secretary / June Franklin Office Editor / T. R. Torkelson ia questionable activity, he usually claims that "every- Art Director / Howard Larkin body does it." Specifically, this claim has been made Layout Artist / Ichiro Nakashima Circulation Manager / A. R. Mazat itor in recent times relative to the use of marijuana. The trouble with this argument is that it simply isn't Sales and Promotion / I.. R. Hixson, Milo Sawvel A. V. Pinkney, C. D. Watson Ed true. Generalizations are dangerous and misleading, especially this one about everybody doing it. This past summer a survey of 26,000 outstanding high school seniors was made to determine current youth attitudes and habits. The students included were Tracy Smith—Runner Who Came Back / those chosen to be listed in "Who's Who Among Amer- Harry Cummins / 2 ican High Schools." According to geographical distribution, about a third At the Crossroads (Poem) / Bernice C. of the students were from the Midwest, a fourth from the Heisler / 4 Northeast, 15 percent from the West, 8 percent from the Southwest, and 13 percent from the South. A major- A New Train of Thought / Dorothy Tymon ity of them were college-bound and above-average /5 students. Leftovers ... / 9 In spite of repeated reports of the widespread use of drugs of various kinds among youth, this survey showed A Way of Knowing Yourself / Shirley M. that 72 percent had never used marijuana, 9 percent Dever / 10 only once or twice, 9 percent several times. Only 8 per- cent said they used it regularly. Ski Family Cochran / "Listen" Interview / 12 Fewer than 25 percent said they would use mari- juana if it were legalized. More than half (54 percent) Tax Relief for Private Addiction Treatment / are outspoken against such legalization. Some 47 per- Joseph Arkin, C.P.A. / 15 cent admit that the present penalties for marijuana are too severe, 22 percent think they are about right. Sur- Lisa St. John—Water Skier / Charles G. prisingly, more than a fourth, or 29 percent, feel that Edwards / 16 the laws are not strict enough. Does Everyone Do It? / Editorial / 18 These students seem to be less permissive than those News / 19 questioned four years ago in the first "Who's Who" survey. Of this present group, 72 percent say they have Today We Talked (Poem) / Arthur J. not had sexual relations. In 1970 the figure was 60 Fettig / 23 percent. About half do not approve premarital sex un- der any circumstances. This shows an increase from the former group in which 34 percent expressed disap- Photo and Illustration Credits proval of any premarital sex. Cover, John Dominis, Time/Life Picture Agency; pages 2, 3, Harry Cummins; pages 4, 10, II, H. Armstrong Roberts; As far as career plans are concerned, the youth sur- pages 5, 6, Bob Wilkens, Dan O'Neill; page 7, Newsday, Long Island; page 9, Al Johns, Rick Kotter Photography; veyed seemed quite sure of their future. Some 73 per- pages 9, 11, 12, 13, 14, 19, 20, 22, United Press International; cent said they had a definite career goal in mind, page 10, David W. Corson from Devaney, Inc.; page whereas of the former group 65 percent did. When 19, Hedgecoth Photographers; page 23, Dale Rusch, D. Tank. asked what they thought is most important in achieving their career goal, 63 percent replied "to enjoy your job." Earning money seemed to be of smaller significance. Additional answers indicated a trend of considerable Editorial Office 6840 Eastern Ave., N.W., Washington, D.C. 20012 conservatism in social issues and a moderately liberal Publication Office trend on political issues. Pacific Press Publishing Association, 1350 Villa Street In summary, the findings of this survey seem to give Mountain View, California 94042 real pause to those who claim that "everybody does Subscription Rates it." Especially is this significant when the youth in- For the U.S.A. and Canada: One-year subscription $6.00 volved in this survey are of the leadership class, those For countries requiring extra postage: who constitute the group from whom many of the lead- One-year subscription $6.25 ers of the nation and of society tomorrow will be taken. Change of Address Send change of address to LISTEN, 1350 Villa Street, Mountain View, California 94042. Zip code must be included. Allow 30 days for change to become effective. Give both the old and the new address.

LISTEN, monthly journal of better living (twelve issues a year), provides a vigorous, positive educational approach to the problems arising out of the use of tobacco, alcohol, and narcotics. It is utilized nationally by Narcotics Educa- tion, Inc., also by many organizations in the field of reha- bilitation. Second-class mail privileges authorized at Mountain View, California. Form 3579 requested. Litho in the United States of America.

Copyright (c) 1974, by Narcotics Education, Inc. LISTEN NEWS...0,0R SPECIAL

Harder for Women to Quit Smoking, Says Dr. Terry The former surgeon general who smokers in the United States to- officially linked cigarette smoking day, and 95 percent of persons with cancer and lung diseases questioned in a recent survey now warns that the effort to urge people know that smoking is hazardous to stop smoking must continue. to their health. Dr. Luther L. Terry, now a spe- Furthermore, he says, 75 percent cial consultant on tobacco and of smokers questioned say they smoking for the American Cancer have made attempts to quit smok- Society, says that a problem still ing. remains, with more women than Dr. Terry advocates the establish- men now smoking cigarettes. ment of what he calls "smoking Three times as many men as cessation clinics" in every health- women have quit smoking in re- care institution in the United cent years, Terry says. He notes women seem to have greater diffi- culty in quitting, although there is no medical reason. According to Dr. Terry, between 250,000 and 350,000 people will die prematurely this year from causes linked to smoking. At least 60,000 lung cancer deaths last year, he says, can be attributed to smoking. Higher Costs Deter Smoking Statistics show that persons who The high price of cigarettes deters A decline in the purchasing smoke will die eight years sooner smoking even more than warnings power of money, coupled with a than they might without smoking. about lung cancer, says Dr. M. A. rise in personal income, generally The former surgeon general, who H. Russell of the Addiction Re- meant that the price of cigarettes made his historic pronouncement search Unit at Maudsley Hospital had to be raised substantially be- in January, 1964, says he believes in London. fore there was any effect on con- that "the antismoking campaign Over a 25-year period, cigarette sumption, he says. has passed a landmark in terms consumption fell whenever the According to Dr. Russell, suc- of getting its message across." But price was increased by 5 percent cessive annual price increases in such efforts must reach even gram- or more, as it was in 8 of the years. cigarettes would certainly be ef- mar school and preschool pupils, However, in years when the price fective in reducing smoking, as and the professional medical com- of cigarettes was low, consumption long as each was 5 percent or more. munity must double again its ef- increased. It is not known whether Regular reports from medical forts in educating and providing higher prices meant that people authorities on the dangers of smok- help for persons who want to quit gave up smoking or whether fewer ing, plus selective taxation to in- smoking. people began smoking, he says. crease the price of cigarettes by Evidence that the antismoking Other factors must also be taken about 10 percent a year, is essential campaign is succeeding, Dr. Terry into account to explain the inverse to any program to curb cigarette notes, can be seen in the fact that relationship of price to use. smoking, he says. there are at least 29 million ex- Bottle Labels to List Contents The Federal Government will Nearly all alcoholic beverages, and Cosmetic Act—for years. The soon require a complete list of the group charges, contain additives law says that all ingredients and contents on the label of all alcoholic that may be having unsuspected additives have to be listed on all beverages sold in America. effects on America's consumers of foods and beverages, with a few "It's going to be traumatic to the beer, wine, and hard liquor. exceptions. And booze is not one Former surgeon general Dr. Lu- industry," said one Food and Drug The Government doesn't agree. of the exceptions." Administration official. But officials say that the consumer A spokesman for the Treasury ther Terry published in 1964 the The Government will order that has a right to know what's in Department's Bureau of Alcohol, "Terry Report" about the dangers the list include all chemical addi- America's liquor. Tobacco, and Firearms—the bureau of cigarette smoking. tives, preservatives, and fake color- The ingredient-label orders will that will write the final regulations ing, as well as basic contents. begin first with distilled spirits— —agrees "partially" with Dr. Jacob- States. He says such clinics should The order is expected to cost whiskey, scotch, gin, vodka, rum, son. be viewed as being every bit as America's $30-billion-a-year alco- and similar products. Officials say "The bureau feels that Dr. Jacob- necessary as any other clinic hos- holic beverage industry millions of the orders will represent some of son has a point," says one official. pitals and medical centers operate. dollars. the biggest consumer-protection "If the present-day consumer wants He says health workers can assist And a small offshoot of a Ralph actions now under way. more information, we're going to further in the antismoking cam- Nader consumer group started it Dr. Michael Jacobson, a former see that we satisfy him. But it's a paign by asking Congress for more all by charging that many beers, Nader associate and now director complex problem." laws to eliminate advertising of wines, and liquors contain poten- of the Center for Science in the "Some distilled spirits contain cigarettes in all media and not tially harmful additives. Public Interest, says there are sev- large numbers of additives," an- just on television and radio. The group, called the Center for eral "inadequately tested chemi- other Treasury expert concedes. Dr. Terry also suggests more laws Science in the Public Interest, re- cals" in many alcoholic beverages. "Our responsibility is obviously a to protect the rights of nonsmokers cently issued a report called "The The industry, he says, has "been consumer-protection responsibil- in public places and on commercial Chemical Additives in Booze." violating the law—the Food, Drug, ity." transportation. 19 LISTEN NEWS March, 1974 Low Drinking Age Means Tax Money Spent

More Traffic Fatalities to Export Tobacco Medical Under the auspices of the Food w More and more teen-agers in the • The 18- and 19-year-olds who for Peace program, about 25 mil- U.S. are learning to drive at the now can buy alcoholic beverages lion pounds of tobacco were Reports same time they are beginning to legally may be passing drinks along shipped to foreign countries in drink—and apprehension is grow- to their younger friends. 1972. South Vietnam received about ing among police, alcohol-abuse • There is a great deal of public half of it. Cambodia received experts, and road safety officials. apathy to the teen-age drinking- another large chunk. Heroin Suppressant driving problem because social Critics charge that these ship- The drinking age has been low- There's a new drug which will ered to 18 or 19 in 27 states in the drinking is an accepted part of ments, paid for by U.S. tax dollars, suppress a heroin addict's cravings past 22 months, with three states the American scene by a majority are little more than cloaked sup- ports for the American tobacco in- for drugs three times longer than limiting drinking to wine and beer. of the population. methadone, the usual remedy. While most of these states say • Many parents are so relieved dustry. Explaining the heavy shipments A New York research team says they do not yet have firm figures that their children are not on that the new drug, levomethadyl, on whether the lower drinking age "hard" drugs that they tend to look of tobacco under a program de- signed to feed needy people, an was used on seven heroin addicts means more auto accidents, the the other way at alcohol indul- at Manhattan's Metropolitan Men- trend in some of them is up. gence. Agriculture Department official said, "People in South Vietnam tal Health Center. State Police in Michigan report • The sales of "pop" wines, pri- A medium dose of the drug a 112 percent increase in all auto- marily to young people, are up and Cambodia have grown accus- tomed to American cigarettes. The blocked all the effects of heroin, mobile accidents involving 18- to from 3 million gallons in 1968 to 33 prevented the horrors of heroin 20-year-old drinking drivers. There million gallons in 1973. demand is there." He conceded that the program also helps to boost withdrawal, and permitted the was the same percentage increase • The Federally funded Alcohol addicts to feel relatively normal in fatal accidents. Michigan lowered Safety Action Projects (ASAP)— profits of the powerful American tobacco industry. for three full days. its drinking age as of January 1, the U.S. Government's only alco- A similar dose of methadone 1972. hol-traffic safety effort with edu- Sen. Frank E. Moss of Utah has battled for years to ban the to- does the same job for only 24 In Nebraska, where the legal age cation and rehabilitation programs hours. This means that methadone was reduced to 19 in July, 1972, in 35 communities—ran out of funds bacco shipments under Food for Peace, but he has always been de- usually is given addicts in three- feated by lopsided Senate votes. day supplies, one dose taken at the treatment center and two to take at home, to avoid requiring the addicts to report daily to the center. STATES THAT HAVE LOWERED THE MINIMUM Because of this loose handling of DRINKING AGE methadone, much of the drug has been diverted into illegal channels, FORMER CURRENT the researchers say. The drug has MINIMUM MINIMUM EFFECTIVE STATE AGE AGE OAR killed children accidentally when they mistakenly drank the orange Alaska 79 9 9/75/70 Arizona 21 9 0/11/72 juice with which it is mixed. Connecticut 21 8 19/ 1/72 Levomethadyl would eliminate Delaware 71 20 1/12/72 Florida 21 8 1' 1/73 both of these risks, the researchers Georgia 21 8 7; 1/72 say, because it gives 72-hour pro- Hawaii 70 8 3/28/72 tection; therefore treatment centers 19-year-old drinking drivers in on December 31, 1973. There are Ida° 21 9 1! 1/72 Iowa 21 8 7/ 1/13 could require addicts to come in auto accidents increased by 37 per- no firm indications that ASAP Louisiana 21 8 11/22/48 once every three days for a dose cent. will be continued. Maine 70 8 6/ 9/72 Massackosetts 21 8 3/ 1/73 and not have to give them extra In Wisconsin in 1971, 72 of 228 Dick Connors of Boston's ASAP Michigao 21 8 1/ 1/12 doses to take home. drivers aged 18, 19, and 20 involved program says the public doesn't Minnesota 21 8 IV 1/73 Malaga 19 8 1/ 1/73 in fatal accidents were found to realize how serious a problem Nebroslu 20 9 7/ 6/72 have been drinking. In 1972, after drinking is among young people New Hampshire 21 8 6/ 3/73 Alcohol and Fetus New Jersey 21 8 1/ 1/73 the drinking age was lowered, 94 "unless you tie it to driving." New York 71 5 5/11/34 If a pregnant woman is a chronic of 239 drivers of this age group Many law-enforcement officers, Rhode Island 21 8 3/29/72 alcoholic, her child may be born involved in fatal accidents had alcohol experts, and road-safety Tennessee 21 8 5/11/71 Texas 21 8 11/21/73 seriously impaired. been drinking. officials do not recommend denying Vermnit 21 8 11/29/11 According to a study reported in In Honolulu, police report that young people access to liquor. They West Yuma 21 a 6/ 9/72 Wiscoosin 21 8 3, 73/72 the British medical journal, "Lan- in 1972 car operators 18 to 20 said say they must be realistic about it Wyomino 21 9 515/73 cet," a variety of birth defects have to have been drinking caused 16.6 —that if young people want to get been linked to heavy drinking. percent of the total fatalities. Dur- a drink, they'll find a way, but they Note: These figures are based on the They include growth deficiencies, ing the first six months of 1973 the do call for: best information available to "Alcohol face and limb abnormalities, heart percentage of fatalities increased • Strict enforcement of drunk- and Health Notes" at the time this was defects, small head size, and slow 31.8 percent. driving laws. researched. mental and motor development. "One of our major problems in • Intensified education of young Nebraska," says Tom Ryan, director people that alcohol is a powerful of that state's Accidents Records drug and can have drastic effects Bureau, "is the problem of teen- on the body. age drinking. It's going up. The • The alcoholic beverage industry reason it's so serious is that the to put labels on its products warn- teen-ager is learning to drink and ing that excessive drinking may learning to drive at the same time." impair driving ability. Malcolm Johnson of the Massa- • More, not less Federal funds to chusetts State Department of Men- cope with the alcohol problem. tal Health says, "A survey we un- • More Federal, state, and local dertook of high-school-age young education and rehabilitation pro- people across Massachusetts shows grams. a 92.7 percent use of alcohol and Young people are just beginning 59.4 percent of the students ques- to drink and drive, Mr. Connors of tioned said they had been drunk ASAP says, and the result is that within the past year." "40 percent of all the fatal acci- A recent survey by Christian dents in this country involving Science Monitor reveals several people under 25 involve booze and It's football high jinks time, and Stanley Starmaker, one of Sea reasons for safety officials' concern: the automobile. And it gets worse • Studies from all over the coun- as you go down the age ladder." World of Ohio's stars, holds the ball as Sunja, the water-skiing try indicate that alcohol has be- Further, he says, drinking and elephant, starts her pace forward. Stanley seems to be having sec- come the favorite drug for a driving is the biggest killer of peo- ond thoughts about his role in the stunt. Anyone seen a monkey majority of teen-agers. ple under the age of 25. flying over Ohio lately?

20 March, 1974 LISTEN NEWS Smoking Found to WHAT WHERE Cause Thrombosis "All I ask WHY 0011,• WHO is that you There's a direct causative link between cigarette smoking and ar- WHO HOW do your own terial thrombosis. thing my The condition is a primary con- WHEN WHAT way!" tributor to heart attack, stroke, and peripheral vascular disease. Dr. Peter H. Levine at the Tufts- • The Max Planck Institute for New England Medical Center says Psychiatry in Munich, West Ger- his research shows that smoking a many, has developed a correspond- single standard filter-tipped ciga- ence course teaching smokers how rette has a "striking effect" on the to quit. reactivity of the blood platelets. A test on 240 smokers of 30 ciga- Levine says it is the "first plau- rettes a day resulted in 67 percent sible mechanism that will allow us of them giving up the habit com- to link the inhaling of cigarette pletely within six weeks, the insti- smoke with resultant clot forma- tute says. (AP) tion." • A study in Detroit, Michigan, "People have looked for some- showed that at least 10 percent of time for something that would ex- all homicides were drug related. plain why smokers have so much In New York City it takes $30 a trouble statistically with clotting," day to keep a person on heroin. Levine says. "This is the first good And, according to Dr. James E. possibility." Luke, chief medical examiner for Through a series of tests, Levine the District of Columbia, at least established baseline criteria to en- one half of all murders and acci- able him to identify changes in the dental deaths are liquor-related. blood pressure of each donor. Lev- ("Christian Science Monitor") Drug-addicted Servicemen ine's data show changes in blood • The rate of deaths in San Fran- platelets causing thrombosis after cisco from cirrhosis of the liver the smoking of a standard com- was nearly 5 times the national Quit Use After Discharge mercial filter cigarette. rate and 3i times the rate in Cali- O fornia in 1972. A report on 15 lead- Men who had a history of nar- either barbiturates or ampheta- ing causes of death indicated that cotics use before their induction mines while there. the suicide rate, too, was distress- into the Army are two and a half "The type of narcotic used in Youth Get High With ingly high—nearly three times the times as likely to continue using Vietnam was a predictor of con- national rate and 11 times the Cali- drugs after their military dis- tinued use," Dr. Robins reported. Help From Friends fornia rate. charge as those who were intro- "One third of heroin users in The role of peer pressure in Heart disease, cancer, and strokes duced to narcotics in Vietnam. Vietnam used narcotics in the adolescent drug use is well-known. are the three major causes of death. This was one of the central find- States after their return. Use in Most young users get turned on for In San Francisco, cirrhosis was the ings in a Washington University Vietnam of the less common nar- the first time by their friends. fourth-ranked cause of death, ac- study of drug abuse by American cotics was associated with a greater But Denise Kandel of Columbia cidents were fifth, influenza and servicemen in Vietnam and after likelihood of using some narcotic University says that the adoles- pneumonia sixth, and suicide sev- return to civilian life. Other im- after return to the United States. cent most likely to be a regular enth. (San Francisco "Chronicle") portant findings were that though Rates of continued use were espe- user of marijuana is one whose • A new Arizona law that forbids an estimated 20 percent of Vietnam cially high for morphine users (71 parents and peers both use psy- smoking in many public places has veterans were addicted while over- percent) and methadone users (59 choactive drugs. yet to result in legal action against seas, only 1.3 percent were addicted percent). Even use of codeine, Kandel studied 8,000 New York any individual smokers. at some point after their return to which is a less addicting narcotic State high school students. The The law forbids smoking in ele- the United States. than heroin, was associated with proportion of them who had used vators, libraries, theaters, buses, The study was carried out for the a greater risk of continuing nar- marijuana 60 times or more jumped concert halls, and a few other pub- Department of Defense and four cotics (50 percent)." from 2 percent among those whose lic places if they do not have des- other Government agencies by Lee Dr. Robins also reported that the friends had never smoked dope to ignated smoking areas. (AP) N. Robins, Ph.D., Professor of So- more frequently a serviceman used 48 percent among those whose • Alcoholism apparently was a ciology in the Department of Psy- amphetamines or barbiturates in friends were 60-time users. This fig- prime cause in the majority of chiatry at Washington University. Vietnam, the more likely he was ure went up to 67 percent among swimming-related drownings stud- According to Dr. Robins, "The to continue using narcotics in those whose friends and parents ied by two Johns Hopkins Univer- man most likely to be detected as the United States. were drug users. sity researchers. In one group of drug-positive in Vietnam was a 14 adults who died while swim- young, single, black, low-ranking ming, autopsies showed that 11 had member of the regular Army who Blood Alcohol Concentration Laws by States alcohol in their bloodstreams and had little education, came from a seven had blood alcohol concen- broken home, had an arrest history trations over .15 percent—the legal before service, and had used drugs cutoff for intoxication among driv- before service. ers in Maryland. The researchers "Blacks and whites had about concluded the levels represented the same risk of using narcotics more than social drinking. once they returned to the States. • Heavy drug use has fallen off Men under 22 had the same risk among youth in the San Francisco as older men. Single men and mar- area, while use of alcohol and mari- ried men had equal risks. juana has increased. "Use of heavy "The only preservice factors that drugs is at a low ebb among Bay predicted continuing use after re- Area youth. Only alcohol and mari- turn from Vietnam were delin- juana show heavy use patterns," quency, high school dropout, and says a spokesman for the Haight- drug experience. The strongest of Ashbury Clinic. these predictors was preservice "The romance of drugs has worn narcotic use. Men with such a his- Map co National Highway affic Safety off," says Dr. David Dorosin, coun- tory had two and one half times Administr , Department of Transportation. seling director at Stanford Univer- the risk." sity. "The current generation of Other factors that were found to college students has experimented foretell continued drug abuse were As shown on this map all but six of the 50 states have set a blood alcoho widely in high school and is now the serviceman's pattern of drug concentration of .10 percent as legal evidence of intoxication. In four states through with that phase of their use in Vietnam and his use of the standard is .15 percent, and in two states it is .08 percent. lives." (UPI)

21 LISTEN NEWS March, 1974 Nurses Who Don't Smoke "Ate YOU "PUZZLED? Set Example for Patients Public health nurses have over- sionals' own smoking behavior is whelmingly agreed in a survey related to their attitudes and ac- ROUND WORDS Adele Ashley that they should set a good exam- tions in urging a change in the ple for patients by not smoking. smoking behavior of those to whom Hidden in the letters below are the names of at least 70 But one nurse in every three is they give care," says the report. herself a smoker, and one in 20 "For this reason our smoking be- items which are round in form. Letters may be read smokes 25 or more cigarettes a day. havior as public health nurses has forward, backward, up, down, or diagonally. Draw a line Moreover, although 85.4 percent not only a personal effect on our around each word when you find it. of 670 nursing members of the well-being but also potentially af- American Public Health Associa- fects the health of those we serve tion (APHA) agreed it is the health as professionals." MTELLIKSPHERELTTEK professional's responsibility to con- The surveyed nurses had a higher T I UCS I BAP BTCSDORNE vince people to stop smoking— smoking rate than the general fe- • 70 percent of the nurse smokers male population. EBLEFSACGEAEHPEUNG were smoking just as much as they They understood the relationships MR I LECLOCKLJSHRK00 were one year earlier, and 8 per- between cigarette smoking and such cent were smoking more. diseases as lung cancer and chronic MODPSLLRMPP LS TLWOB • 48 percent had never made any bronchitis, and they generally did O D I SCTOKPNUAEOGUML serious attempt to stop, and an not view smoking as a minor prob- lem. RPAMBROAPGWEQTRRSE additional 14 percent have not tried within the last four years. But even though 23 percent said G ULSATNNLHRAUVS ENT Among the nurses, 81.3 percent they had the authority to prohibit L CWNSRXOETEYTEKCOL agreed with a statement that APHA or restrict smoking where they members should set a good exam- worked, the use of that authority ZEGA I BBECCAKECDULO ple by not smoking. was highest among nurses who EER FNELLOGTH I G H A E O "These findings . . . show addi- never had smoked and lowest tional evidence that health profes- among current smokers. SG I R EGG I ESHSTJNSMP PUK LAS LR ESTEBUL I DO AJSLNBELTEMUYOBARO N ATI NDOUROLPNEEQRH School Instead of Jail CROPNHBNR LL I DHSBET A CO I PRUV E LOWAAG L LM for California Drug Users K XLEOYZTONATBCEULU Instead of jail, first-time drug course if they have no prior nar- offenders in California are being cotics offenses, no parole violations, EYELLUPRSDBELLABOR sent to antidrug schools. and did not resist arrest. CPOTATOESEELCR I CRD Leon Smith, a probation officer "We hope to steer out of the and director of the San Francisco criminal justice system people who apples cup locket pulley program, says most participants may not belong in it, to help cut ball cylinder loop ring have responded to the approach. down on heavy court case loads, balloon dial marbles roll "At the outset most of them kind and to prevent minor drug offend- barrel disc melons roller of look on it as merely an attempt ers from becoming major drug basin doughnuts millstone saucer to escape a conviction which could offenders," the probation officer bead drum moon skillet mean jail," he says. "They're sus- says. bell egg mug slug picious, but I think that attitude No exams or papers are re- biscuit eye onions sphere breaks down as they go through quired to "pass" the course. Suc- bowl globe oranges stool the course." cessful completion is evaluated on bulb goblet orb tops The six-week program consists attendance and participation. bullet grommet orbit treetrunk of a two-hour class session each "We want to establish some kind cake hat pancake tub week. The teachers are probation of credibility," Smith says. "Most circle head peephole washer officers, policemen, and experts in think they're terribly sophisticated, cistern hoop pellet watch drug-related fields. but there are people who can be clock jar pill wheel Smith says that under a new told a lot more than they thought coil jug pipes wreath law, persons arrested for possession and have their eyes opened to coins keg plate of illegal drugs are eligible for the things they hadn't considered." cork kettle potatoes

Smokers Inhale Less Tars Fewer Americans are smoking that there has been a 5.6 percent somewhat fewer cigarettes per per- decline in the number of cigarettes son now than 10 years ago and smoked in the last decade. The per- inhaling a great deal less tars from centage of smokers over 17 years them, reports the American Cancer old also declined, from 41.6 percent Society. to 36.7 percent. It says the tar-reducing trend, In the last two years there has through use of filters and tobacco occurred about a 1 percent in- substitutes, is "clear evidence that crease in number of cigarettes the tobacco industry, despite its smoked per person. public disclaimers, accepts the evi- "Significantly, this slippage be- Vice squad detectives call him "Phantom" and boast that he led dence on the health hazards of gan to take place in 1971, the year them to more than 50 illegal heroin dealers in a single month. He when cigarette advertisements were smoking." also has a $20,000 price on his head, but he doesn't get scared The society estimates the per removed, by Federal law, from about it anymore. When it's time for a raid, he puts on his Phantom capita consumption of cigarette tars television and radio." today at 32 percent less than it was Since 1964, the society says, 10 costume of black hood, gloves, and clothes and points out who 10 years ago and 53 percent less million smokers have quit, making should be arrested. It's all an "interesting" and necessary job to than 20 years ago. Citing Agricul- a total of 29 million ex-smokers in the tall, lanky black undercover agent for the Washington, D.C., ture Department figures, it says all. Metropolitan Police Department.

22 Today I talked to a negative person. She looked so sad. Life had kicked her, and she looked very much like she expected a second kick and would welcome getting it over with. And I said to her, "Believe, and anything can happen." And she said, "I don't believe you." And nothing happened. Today I talked to a negative person. Sad, apathetic, knowing that the world was wrong. Without a song or a hope or a joy. God help her.

Today I talked to a giant. He breathed the fire of positive action. People loved him, followed him, respected him. And he looked as if he were certain that the world would do his bidding. And I said to him, "You've got it, haven't you? That magic of believing." And he laughed and replied, "You'd better believe it!" Today I met a positive giant, laughing, happy, sure. With happiness, love, and confidence. God helped him. —Arthur T. Fettia It's probably your own fault if you are ill. We are quick to blame Sometimes our violations are not de- "the bug" or our ancestors' genes, but liberate, but simply result from a lack of usually the trouble can be traced to our knowledge. This is where a reliable family own doorstep. health journal like LIFE AND HEALTH You see, our universe operates ac- can really pay off. As you absorb the fas- cording to natural law. And the laws of cinating material presented month by health are just as real as the law of grav- month, you will learn how to keep your ity. None have been repealed. So when entire family feeling vibrantly healthy. we deliberately violate these laws of Think about it. Is there any better way to health we have to pay the penalty. spend five dollars?

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