PHYTOPLANKTON DIVERSITY OF NANDGAON AND ARWAT LAKES OF , S. C. Chunne1, P. N. Nasare2 Centre for Higher Learning and Research in Botany, Department of Botany, Nilkanthrao Shinde Science & Arts College, Bhadrawati, Chandrapur, Maharashtra, India.

Abstract The paper reports results of comparative phytoplankton’s constitute bulk of primary analysis of phytoplankton diversity producers and are the base of food chain in assessment between two lakes, Nandgaon and every water body, (Belkhode, 2016). Arwat lake of Chandrapur district, [M.S.] Phytoplanktons are the most sensitive floating India. Both the lakes have different entity communities which is being the first target of from each other with respect to inflow water pollution, thus any undesirable changes in source, depth, vegetation and surroundings. aquatic ecosystem affects diversity as well as The present investigation carried out to biomass of plankton community, (Summarwar, study phytoplankton diversity from the 2012). period February 2016 to January 2017. Indian researchers reported the several Result shows both the lake has floristic studies on the phytoplankton distribution with similarities and differences. Total 74 species availability of light (Singh & Sharma, 2012), of phytoplanktons were recorded during Physical, Chemical and biological qualities study period. In Nandgaon lake 43 species of (Zafar, 1967, Munawar, 1974) in freshwater phytoplankton’s and Arwat Lake 31 species lakes. Generally, in Indian Lakes, of phytoplankton’s were reported. phytoplankton density peaks found in post Chlorophyceae was found to be dominant monsoon and summer (Gopal & Zutshi, 1998). group. Several workers studied phytoplankton diversity Keywords: Research paper, Phytoplankton, in the state and found Chlorophyceae is Biodiversity, Nandgaon - Arwat Lake, dominant class. In Maharashtra several Chandrapur District, Maharashtra, India. researchers reported 22 to 65 species of phytoplankton from different Lake. Almost all Introduction: the workers found maximum diversity of Phytoplanktons are the groups of phytoplankton during winter, moderate in microscopic plants which are minute and able to summer and minimum in monsoon. spend their whole life floating on water is called planktons. The phytoplankton diversity and Study Area: density is controlled by water quality and other Chandrapur district is located between Latitude biotic communities in a water body, (Reid and 19027’1N and Longitude 78010’9E occupies an Wood, 1976). Phytoplankton functions as the area of 11,443 km² which constitutes 3.72 primary producers in the aquatic biotopes. percent of the total area of the state. Arwat lake Hence, the quality and quantity of is a perennial water body which has been phytoplankton population bear much influence formed due to the inflow of Irai river in mines on the production potential of an aquatic pit, which spreads over 9.95 hectares area. The ecosystem. Plankton is one of the most main source of water is Irai river and surface important foods for zooplankton, fishes and drainage. Arwat lake is 5 km away from many other aquatic organisms. Thus the

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CURRENT ENGINEERING AND SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH (IJCESR) Chandrapur and is situated South–West part of fusiformis the Chandrapur district, Maharashtra. 2 Chlamydomonas + + Nandgaon lake is a perennial water sp. body since British time. The main source of 3 Chlorella vulgaris + + water is rain and surface drainage. This is 4 Cladophora + _ spread over 29.4 hectares area. Nandgaon Lake glomarata is 19 km away from Chandrapur and is situated 5 Coelastrium + + South–West part of the Chandrapur district, sphaericum Maharashtra, India. Villagers are using water 6 Cosmarium + _ from both the lakes for domestic, irrigation as angulosum well as for fishing purpose. 7 Cosmarium blyttii + _ 8 Cosmarium + _ Materials and Methods: divergent The water samples for phytoplankton 9 Cosmarium assessment were collected from both the lakes + _ granatum once in a month between 8 a.m. to 10 a.m. at 10 Cosmarium regular interval from February 2016 to January _ + hammeri 2017. The water samples were collected by 11 Cosmarium laeve + + filtering 50 litres of water is filtered through 12 Cosmarium phytoplankton net of 20 µ mesh size made up of + _ bolting silk. The filtrate was preserved in 4 % meneghinii 13 Cosmarium formaldehyde solution. Samples were examined + _ under Coslab trinocolor microscope with inbuilt moniliforme 14 Cosmarium CCD camera. And identified using standard + _ literature, Trivedi and Goel, (1960), Prescott portianum 15 Cosmarium (1982) & John D.M. et al. (2005) and then + _ confirmed from electronic databases Algaebase quadrifarium 16 Cosmarium & Protist information server. As well as help + _ were taken from expert of this area. regnellii 17 Cosmarium + _ Result & Discussion: subcumis 18 Cosmarium During the present investigation, total 74 _ + species of phytoplankton were identified from subspeciosum 19 Cosmarium both the lakes. Nandgaon lake has 43 species + _ while Arwat lake has 31 species as shown in subtumidum 20 Cosmarium table no.1.Phytoplankton classified into four + _ groups namely Chlorophyceae (47species) > vexatum Bacillariophyceae (12 species) > Cyanophyceae 21 Crucigeninia + _ (10 species) > Euglenophyceae (5 species). tetrapedia Chlorophyceae was found dominant in both the 22 Hydrodictyon sp. + + lakes. Similar results were reported by various 23 Merismopedia _ + workers Khanna & Singh (2000), Sakhare & punctuata Joshi (2002), Telkhade et al. (2009), Nasare et 24 Monarphidium + + al. (2009), Shaikh et al. (2012), Chauhan & contortum Lanjewar (2016), Mahajan & Harney (2016), 25 Oedogonium sp. + _ Belkhode & Sitre (2016). Phytoplankton 26 Oscillatoria _ + diversity of the two lakes Nandgaon & Arwat princeps Lake are listed below. 27 Oscillatoria sp. _ + Sr.No. Genera/Species Nandgao Ar 28 Pediastrum + _ n wat boryanum A Chlorophyceae 29 Scendesmus + _ 1 Ankiodesmus _ + arcuratus

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CURRENT ENGINEERING AND SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH (IJCESR) 30 Scendesmus bijuga _ + 1 4 31 Scendesmus Total Species 43 31 _ + quadricauda 32 Sphaerocystis Table No. 1: Phytoplankton diversity of the + + schroeteri two lakes Nandgaon & Arwat Lake 33 Spirogyra sp. + + Sr.N Family Nandgao Arwat Total 34 Staurastrum + _ o. n avicula 1 Chlorophyc 30 17 47 35 Staurastrum + _ eae hirsutum 2 Cyanophyce 6 4 10 36 Staurastrum + _ ae margaritaceum 3 Bacillarioph 6 6 12 37 Staurastrum + _ yceae punctulatum 4 Euglenophy 1 4 5 38 Willea _ + ceae rectangularis Total 74 39 Zygnema sp. 43 31 + _ Species

30 17 B Cyanophyceae 40 Anabaena sp. + + Nandgaon Lake 41 Anabaenopsis sp. + _ 42 Calothrix sp. + _ Chlorophyceae Cyanophyceae 43 Coelospermious sp. + _ Bacillariophyceae Euglenophyceae 44 Microcystis + _ 2% aeruginosa 45 Merismopedia 14% + + punctata 14% 46 Spirulina major _ + 70% 47 Spirulina subsalsa _ + 6 4 C Bacillariophyceae 48 Bacillaria + _ paradoxa

49 Cymbella affinis + _ 50 Gyrosigma kutzingi _ + Arwat Lake 51 Gyrosigma sp. _ + 52 Naviculla sp. + + Chlorophyceae Cyanophyceae 53 Pinnularia sp. _ + Bacillariophyceae Euglenophyceae 54 Rhopaldia gibba + + 55 Synedra acus + _ 56 Synedra sp. + + 13% 6 6 19% D Euglenophyceae 55% 13% 57 Euglena caudata _ + 58 Euglena sp. + _ 59 Euglena sp. _ + 60 Phacus _ + ankylonoton 61 Trachelomonas sp. _ +

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CURRENT ENGINEERING AND SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH (IJCESR) Conclusion: Kamat, N.D. (1962): Chlorophyceae of Result shows that both the lake has floristic Ahmadabad, India, Hydrobiologia, 20(3), PP: similarities and differences. Total 74 248-279. species of phytoplankton were recorded during study period. In Nandgaon lake 43 Kamat, N.D. (1963): The Algae of Kolhapur, species and in Arwat Lake 31 species India, Hydrobiologia, 22(3-4), PP: 209-305. reported. Chlorophyceae was to be found dominant group in both the lakes, but Khanna, D.R. and Singh, R.K. (2000): Nandgaon lake has rich floristic diversity Seasonal fluctuation in the planktons of Suswa as compare to Arwat lake, shows river at Raiwala, Dehradun. Journal Nandgaon lakes has wide range of Environment Conservation, (1), PP: 89-92. physicochemical & Trace elements which Mahajan, V.S. and Harney, N.V. (2016): are essential for metabolic process in International Journal of Scientific Research, phytoplankton. 5(3), PP: 366-338.

Acknowledgements: Maiti, S. K. (2011): Hand Book of Methods in Thanks to Dr. L.S. Ladke Principal & Head Environmental Studies, Vol. 1: Water and of Centre for Higher Learning and Wastewater Analysis. Research Nilkanthrao Shinde Science and Manjare, S.A. (2013): Internal Journal of Arts College Bhadrawati for his valuable Sciences and Research, 6.14, PP: 220-224. guidance & support. Munawar, M.(1974): Limnological studies on References: fresh water ponds of Hyderabad, India, Belkhode, P.P. & Sitre, S.R.(2016): Biocenase Ibid,(45),PP:1-32. Phytoplankton diversity of Dham river of Wardha, Maharashtra, India. Indian Journal Nasare, P.N; Wadhve, N.S; Harney, N.V. and of Fundamental and Applied Life Sciences, Sitre, S.R. (2009): Phytoplankton diversity of 6(1), PP: 10-13. Khadki Lake, Bengali Camp, Bhadrawati,District Chandrapur, M.S. India. Chavhan,R.N. and Lanjekar,S.(2016): Bioinfolet, 6(3), PP: 232-234. Observations and Studies on Floral Diversity in Lake Mendki, Bramhapuri, District Chandrapur, Prescott, G.W.(1982): Algae of the Western M.S. India. Gurukul International Ghat Lakes Areas. Otto Koeltz Science Multidisciplinary Research Interdisciplinary Publishers, Germany, PP: 662-962. Research Journal, 4(5), PP: 43-46. Reid, G.K. and Wood, R.D. (1976): Ecology Cook, C.D.K. (1996): Aquatic and wetland of Inland water and estuaries D. Van Norstand plants in India Oxford University press, Co. New York, PP: 485. London. Sakhare, V.B. and Joshi, P.K.(2006): Dahegaonkar, N. R. (2008): Studies on water Plankton diversity in Yeldari Reservoir, quality and biodiversity of lotic ecosystem near Maharashtra Fishing Chimes Vol. 25(12)PP:23- Chandrapur, Thesis submitted to R. T. M. 25. University Nagpur, India. Shaikh, P.R. and Bhosle, A.B. (2012): Gopal, B. And Zutshi, D.P. (1968): Fifty years Plankton biodiversity of Siddheshwar Dam in of Hydrobiologia Resarch in India. , Maharashtra, India. Journal of Hydrobiologia. 324, PP: 267-290. Environmental Research and Development, 7(2A), PP: 905-916. John, D.M. et al. (2005): The freshwater algal flora of British Isles. Cambridge University Singh, K.K; Sharma, B.M. (2012): Ecological Press London. productivity studies of the macrophytes in Kharungpatlake, Manipur northeast India.

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CURRENT ENGINEERING AND SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH (IJCESR) International Journal of Geology, Earth and Environmental Sciences.2, PP: 58-71.

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