Polity
Notebook: Preliminary Factual Sheet Created: 12/22/2016 8:24 PM Updated: 5/7/2018 3:26 AM Author: Siya Rasik URL: http://www.insightsonindia.com/2017/04/24/insights-daily-current-affairs-24-april-2017/
The National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (Nabard), under its EShakti initiative, has so far digitised around 1.29 lakh self-help groups (SHGs) covering 14.86 lakh individuals in the country.
Five permanent members of UN security council: Russia, China, Joint comprehensive plan of Iran nuclear deal US, France and United Kingdom action, P5 + 1 or E3+3 + Germany
Pakistan-led Quadrilateral US, China, Pakistan and To bring Taliban into talks Coordination Group (QCG) Afghanistan
QUAD: Quadrilateral formation Cooperation on Indo-Pacific (Alongside, ASEAN - First India, Japan, Australia, USA region meeting )
India - Australia Free navigation in Asia pacific ‘2+2 dialogues’ Foreign and defense secretary
Constitutional provision, debate and controversy around!!
Article 30A: Religious and linguistic minorities the right to establish and administer educational institutions of their choice. Debate The core of the issue is whether this clause is meant as an anti-discriminatory and protective clause, to ensure that minority institutions are not discriminated against; or whether it confers upon minority institutions special privileges and a greater degree of autonomy that non- minority institutions do not enjoy. Every generation of the Indian Supreme Court, beginning with the benchmark Kerala Education Bill 1957 case down to the recent Pramati Educational And Cultural Trust Case, has replayed a version of this debate. But the net result has been more confusion than clarity. Article 35A: TOI: Article 35A and its significance
Article 370:
IPC (1860) Provision Indian Penal Code (IPC) is a substantive law which defines various crimes/offences that are punishable in India and prescribes the punishment laid down for the commission of that crime/offence. For example, Section 300 of IPC defines what constitutes or what amounts to a murder and Section 302 of the Code prescribes the punishment for committing a murder.
Sec 120b: Criminal conspiracy Sec 124A of the Indian Penal Code is named Sedition Law and explains sedition in detail.
It states, “Whoever, by words, either spoken or written, or by signs, or by visible representation, or otherwise, brings or attempts to bring into hatred or contempt, or excites or attempts to excite disaffection towards the Government established by law in India shall be punished with life imprisonment”.
Amnesty International in its annual report has criticized India‟s Sedition Law.
It has also criticized government‟s crackdown on NGOs and civil society organizations.
It is a cognizable (not requiring a warrant for an arrest), noncompoundable (not allowing a compromise between the accused and the victim), and non-bailable offence.
Proposed Anti-racism Law: Section 153A and Section 159A
Section 309: Attempt to suicide, though not repealed but Mental healthcare act decriminalizes it.
Section 377:
Criminalises homosexuality. Criminalises certain acts between heterosexuals Criminalises sexual activities between humans and animals
The Delhi High Court in Naz Foundation v. Government of NCT of Delhi (2009): Decriminalizes the homosexual acts involving consenting adults throught India. The judgment of the High Court was overturned by the Supreme Court on 11 December 2013.
Supreme Court, in Suresh Kumar Koushal v. Naz Foundation (2013) case: In 2013, a two-judge bench of the Supreme Court upheld Section 377 of the Indian Penal Code, which discriminates against a section of individuals in society on the basis of their sexual orientation, and placed the onus of repealing it on the Parliament.
The decision of the Supreme Court met with heavy criticism and was not accepted by the a lot of people. Thus, in February 2016, a curative petition was submitted by Naz Foundation and the Chief Justice of India, T.S. Thakur decided that the petitions will be reviewed again by a constitutional bench consisting of five members as it was decided that homosexuality is a subject that should be left to be decided by the legislature.
Section 497 IPC: Adultery.—Whoever has sexual intercourse with a person who is and whom he knows or has reason to believe to be the wife of another man, without the consent or connivance of that man, such sexual intercourse not amounting to the offence of rape, is guilty of the offence of adultery, and shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to five years, or with fine, or with both. In such case the wife shall not be punishable as an abettor.
498A of the Indian Penal Code, making the offence of dowry harassment cognisable and non-bailable, thereby bringing enormous relief to women who face virtually insurmountable obstacles in the public space, especially when taking complaints to the police or facing long-winded judicial proceedings.
Section 375: Define rape Section 376: Punishment for the rape The burden of reaching the “unequivocal voluntary agreement” is equally shared by the sexual partners and are required so the sexual act does not become the rape. Recent judgment of the Delhi High Court in the case of Mahmood Farooqui v. State (Govt of NCT of Delhi): The focus has been shifted from what the woman said to what the man understood, thus the term of consent is important in sexual act.
Supreme court struck down Exception 2 to Section 375 (rape) of the Indian Penal Code (IPC), which allowed the husband of a girl child — between 15 and 18 years of age — blanket liberty and freedom to have non-consensual sexual intercourse with her. The exception had remained an anomaly because Section 375 itself mandated that sex with a girl below 18 years of age, with or without her consent, was statutory rape. Now, this anomaly is gone.
Section 499 and 500 of IPC: Defamation
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Section 295(A): Indulging in coercive conversion or using allurement
Laws relating to rape and sexual offense in IPC ( after Justice verma committee)
354D - Stalking, a bailable offence.
It became an independent offence in 2013, when the country’s criminal law was amended in the wake of the horrific gang rape of a woman in Delhi in December 2012.
Section Offence Punishment Notes Imprisonment not less than ten years but which may extend to imprisonment for life and with 326A Acid attack fine which shall be just and Gender neutral reasonable to meet the medical expenses and it shall be paid to the victim Imprisonment not less than five Attempt to years but which may extend to 326B Gender neutral Acid attack seven years, and shall also be liable to fine Rigorous imprisonment up to Only protects women. Provisions are: three years, or with fine, or with i. physical contact and advances involving both in case of offence unwelcome and explicit sexual overtures; or described in clauses (i), (ii) or Sexual ii. a demand or request for sexual favours; or 354A (iii) harassment iii. making sexually coloured remarks; or Imprisonment up to one year, or iv. forcibly showing pornography; or with fine, or with both in other v. any other unwelcome physical, verbal or non- cases verbal conduct of sexual nature. Act with Imprisonment not less than Only protects women against anyone who "Assaults or intent to three years but which may 354B uses criminal force to any woman or abets such act with disrobe a extend to seven years and with the intention of disrobing or compelling her to be naked." woman fine. In case of first conviction, imprisonment not less than one Only protects women. By implication, women may prey year, but which may extend to voyeuristically upon men with impunity. The prohibited three years, and shall also be action is defines thus: "Watching or capturing a woman liable to fine, and be punished in “private act”, which includes an act of watching carried on a second or subsequent out in a place which, in the circumstances, would 354C Voyeurism conviction, with imprisonment of reasonably be expected to provide privacy, and where either description for a term the victim's genitals, buttocks or breasts are exposed or which shall not be less than covered only in underwear; or the victim is using a three years, but which may lavatory; or the person is doing a sexual act that is not of extend to seven years, and shall a kind ordinarily done in public." also be liable to fine. 354D Stalking Imprisonment not less than one Only protects women from being stalked by men. By year but which may extend to implication, women may stalk men with impunity. The three years, and shall also be prohibited action is defined thus: "To follow a woman and liable to fine contact, or attempt to contact such woman to foster personal interaction repeatedly despite a clear indication of disinterest by such woman; or monitor the use by a woman of the internet, email or any other form of electronic communication. There are exceptions to this section which include such act being in course of preventing or detecting a crime authorised by State or in compliance of certain law or was reasonable and justified."
CRPC provision
Whereas Criminal Procedure Code (CrPC) as the name suggests is the procedural law. It lays down the procedure that is to be mandatorily followed while pursuing a case or you can say its the process of the litigation. CrPC also lays down the procedure to be followed by the police while doing their duty like filing of FIRs, investigation, filing of chargesheet, etc.
Under Section 197 of the Criminal Procedure Code (Cr.PC), no court should take cognisance of criminal charges against a public servant unless previous sanction to prosecute him is received from a competent authority. This safeguard is meant to help government servants perform their duties honestly without fear of malicious prosecution. However, the provision has largely become a ruse to delay prosecution in corruption cases.
“Criminal Laws (Rajasthan Amendment) Ordinance, 2017” Key features of Ordinance: The ordinance, promulgated on September 6, attempts to silence the media and prevent the judiciary from exercising its function of setting the criminal law in motion. The ordinance bars the media from disclosing names of officials until prior sanction is granted for their prosecution. The ordinance amends the Criminal Code of Procedure, 1973 and also seeks curb on publishing and printing in any case the name, address, photographs , family details of the public servants. If a government official is accused of bribery in Rajasthan, the offence cannot even be investigated unless the government gives its approval.
Section 198(2): For the purposes of sub- section (1) (referred for IPC -497), no person other than the husband of the woman shall be deemed to be aggrieved by any offence punishable under section 497 or section 498 of the said Code: Provided that in the absence of the husband, some person who had care of the woman on his behalf at the time when such offence was com- mitted may, with the leave of the Court, make a complaint on his behalf. That is Adultery case of prosecution of outsider can be initiated by the aggrieved husband alone. ------
Special marriage Act - 1954
Hindu Code Bill: Finally passed in 1955-56
Hindu marriage Act (1955) Hindu succession act (1956) Hindu adoption and maintenance act Hindu minority and guardianship act
Major Declaration and White paper released (Polity & Organization) Declaration Introduction
BRICS: To set up joint task force for disaster risk Udaipur Declaration (Disaster ) management
BRICS: International financial institutions to support LDC and developing to get new and Jaipur Declaration affordable technologies envisaged under UNFCC under paris agreement.
Amritsar declaration Heart of Asia
Asian Ministerial Conference on Disaster Risk New delhi declaration Reduction (AMCDRR) 2016
All India Whips’ Conference - 2018
The office of 'WHIP', is mentioned Udaipur neither in the Constitution of India nor in the Rules of the House nor in a Parliamentary Statute.
Bejing declaration on Education BRICS Chennai Declaration Antibacterial resistance
“Indian Railways achieves a major landmark in the field of Eco friendly fuel technologies at Indian Railways Organization for Alternate Fuel (IROAF) which has been awarded the coveted National level “Golden Peacock Award for the Year 2017 for Eco-Innovation” for substitution of fossil fuels (Diesel) by environment friendly CNG…”
In its Three Year Action Agenda, the Niti Aayog’s solution to the issue of municipal solid waste includes
Composting method for smaller towns and rural areas Setting up a ‘Waste to Energy Corporation of India’, that will play a role akin to the National Highway Authority of India albeit in the Solid Waste Management sector
Himachal Pradesh legislative Assembly - First paperless legislative Assembly - e-Vidhsn pilot project
The Central government had, in 2014, amended the Cigarette and other Tobacco Products (Packaging and Labelling) Rules prescribing that 85% space on both sides of the tobacco packaging would be covered with the statutory warnings telling consumers that cigarette smoking and tobacco chewing were harmful to health.
An EVM can record a maximum of 3840 votes and can cater to a maximum of 64 candidates. There is provision for 16 candidates in a single balloting unit and up to a maximum of 4 units can be connected in parallel. A cess is a levy for a specific purpose which may bear the characteristics of a tax or a fee. The quintessential feature of a cess is that it is levied for a ‘specific purpose’ and the proceeds are earmarked as such. Under Article 270 of the Constitution, a cess tax has special privilege as the proceeds can be retained exclusively by the Union and need not be shared with States.
The Essential Services Maintenance (ESMA) is an act of Parliament of India which was established to ensure the delivery of certain services, which if obstructed would affect the normal life of the people.
Tribes of Manipur: Nagas and Kukis Dixie mission or United state army observation mission is the first diplomatic mission send by US to the China for diplomatic ties.
Pravisi Bhartiya Diwas: January 9 every year 2017, is the 14th edition as 13 has already been taken place.
Committee Commission has the power to inquiry that is having constitutional or statutory base. While, committee is generally made to have recommendations purposes. Example: Sachar committee and Ranganath Misra Commission.
Mudgal committee is on 'ILP' scam/ Lalit modi. R.M. Lodha committee is set-up by supreme court to bring transparency and accountability in BCCI. Sri Krishna committee is set up in 2010 to look into the creation of Tilangana. Sachar Committee: Report on the latest social, economic, and educational conditions of the Muslim community of India. Kundu committee: Goes forward to Sachar committee National Commission for Religious and Linguistic Minorities, also called as Ranganath Misra Commission was constituted by Government of India on 29 October 2004 to look into various issues related to Linguistic and Religious minorities in India. It was chaired by former Chief Justice of India Justice Ranganath Misra. Shekatkar Committee: Combat enhancement of the armed forces also reform the tooth-to-tail combat force ratio. Shunglu Panel Report on the confortation between Najib Jung and Delhi CM. Who has a final say in Delhi. Shunglu Committee on CWG was also formed. Bibek Debroy Committee: The committee will recommend steps to mobilise resources for major projects in Railway and help set up a Rail Tariff Authority. Watal commitee : Committee on digital payment Kothari commission: To examine all aspect of education sector in India Ananthsayanam Ayyangar Committee: Criminal Tribes Act Parthasarthy Shome Panel: GAAR rule finalization 2011 Shankar Acharaya Committee: Having a new fiscal year Committee headed by Amitabh Kant: Transforming India into cashless Economy and Review E-commerce rules Shivraj Singh Chouhan Committee convened in the NITI Aayog: ‘Rationalisation of Centrally Sponsored Schemes’ Justice Roopanwal Commission: Rohith vemula investigation Justice B.N. Srikrishna Committee: Gives suggestion on Institutional Arbitration, BIT Dispute management strategy and also on data protection law The Justice Eradi Committee on Law Relating to Insolvency and Winding up of Companies Krishnamurthy committee: Formed by UPA government, debunked the idea of integration of oil and gas majors as it reduce competition and manpower. Bezbaruah Committee: After Arunachal Student Nido Tania case, a committee was formed under IAS officer to look to the safety and concerns of north east people in the country. Alagh Committee report in 2000: Civil Services Exam reform Khanna Committee 2010: CSAT is introduced in 2010 Latest Baswan Committee recommends reduction of upper age limit, removal of optional paper Injeti Srinivas committee: To look after insolvency and bankruptcy code Injeti Srinivas committee: National sports code Ranjit Roychowdhury Committee: National Medical Commission Bill, 2017 The Bhore Committee had stated that every Indian should be able to access health care “without the humiliation of proving their financial status, or the bitterness of accepting charity”. Dhirendra Singh Committee: Defence Procurement Procedure (DPP) 2016
Article 123 and 213 deals with the ordinances in Center and State respectively.
Abhiram Singh v. C.D. Commachen: In this case verdict, Supreme court clarifies the the meaning of 'his' in representation of people's act ( 1951), section 123(3) which penalise the corrupt practice in election “the appeal… to vote or refrain from voting for any person on the ground of his religion, race, caste, community or language”.
The Criminal Law (Amendment) Act, 2013, passed after national outrage over the Delhi gang rape of December 16, 2012, had sought to bring clarity to the continuum of sexual offences and to simplify procedures for women to bring them to the attention of the police. Post-truth Poltics: Post-truth politics is a political culture in which debate is formed largely by 'appeals to emotions' disconnected from the details of policy and repeated assertion of talkng points to which factual rebuttals are ignored.
People resurgence and Justice alliance: Irom Chanu Sharmila party (Manipur )
Article 320 and 321 of the Constitution of India prescribes the mandate of the State Public Service Commissions. Article 323 of the Constitution of India prescribes for the submission of annual report of the work done by the State Public Service Commission to the Governor of the State.
UNSC Resolution 1172: Called on India and Pakistan to sign the NPT and CTBT. UN security council's 1267 committee: The initiative for seeking an international ban on Masood Azhar
NALSA Vs Union of India: Rights for transgender
Church courts cannot veto divorce law. Divorce Act was passed in India in 1869. Canon law is the body of laws and regulations made by ecclesiastical authority (Church leadership), for the government of a Christian organization or church and its members. In Molly Joseph versus George Sebastian case in 1996, supreme court tells about the binding nature of Indian Divorce Act.
Amendments: Child Labour ( Prohibition and regulation ) Act 1986
It prohibits employment of children below 14 years in all occupation except where the child helps his family after school hours.
International Labour organization convention in this regard:
ILO convention 138: Compulsory education till the age of 15, but permits the countries with inadequate education facilities to reduce it to 14 ILO convention 182: Prohibits employment of children in 'worst form of labour'.
Both ratified by Government of India in January 2017. ( Kailash Satayarthi: Safe childhoods for a safe India ) Commissions/panels have dealt with the Armed Forces Special Powers Act in part or in whole:
1. The Second Administrative Reforms Commission
2. Justice Jeevan Reddy Commission 3. Justice Santosh Hegde Commission 4. Justice J.S. Verma Committee
Most of them say, that act has failed its motive.
Thus, during peace time stranded Indians are evacuated from Saudi Arabia due to labour issue.
1. President submits resignation to the Vice President 2. Vice President submits resignation to the President 3. Governor submits resignation to the President 4. Judge of Supreme Court submits resignation to the President 5. Judge of High Court submits resignation to the President 6. Speaker submits resignation to the Deputy Speaker ( of both Lok Sabha and Legislative assemblies ) 7. Deputy Speaker submits resignation to the Speaker ( of both Lok Sabha and Legislative assemblies ) 8. Chairman submits resignation to the Deputy Chairman ( of Legislative Council ) 9. Deputy Chairman submits resignation to the Chairman ( of both RS and Legislative Council ) 10. UPSC chairman and members submits resignation to the President 11. CAG submits resignation to the President 12. Attorney General (Article 76) submits his resignation to President.
PM : Heads :- 1. NITI Aayog 2. National Integration Council 3. National Ganga River Basin Authority (NGRBA) 4. National Development Council (NDC) 5. National Commission for Population Control 6. Department of Space (DoS) 7. Department of Atomic Energy 8. Nuclear Command Authority 9. Indian Board of Wild Life 10. National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) 11. Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) 12. Inter-State Council
The original jurisdiction of a High Court includes
Disputes relating to the election of members of Parliament and state legislatures. Matters related to Contempt of Court. Cases related to the enforcement of Fundamental Rights of citizens.
73rd Constitutional Amendment Act of 1992
Establishment of state finance commission Constitution of state finance commission
Legislative council enjoys equal powers to that of the legislative assembly.
In considering of the reports of the State Finance Commission, State Public Service Commission and Comptroller and Auditor General of India. In approving of ordinances issued by the Governor. In expanding the jurisdiction of the State Public Service Commission Article 50 Bill: Brexit bill CEDAW: The ‘Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women’, often described as an international bill of rights for women, is an international treaty adopted by 'United State General Assembly'.
‘Destination North East-2017’ is being organized by the Ministry of Development of North- East Region to
a) Showcase the North East as a potential destination for investment b) Highlight the rich traditions and customs of the North East, promoting the region as a tourist destination
‘TARANG’ mobile app, ‘e-Trans’ and ‘DEEP’ e-bidding web portals are associated with 'Ministry of Power'.
NALSA AND SALSA AIMS AND OBJECTIVE
Towards fulfilling the Preambular promise of securing to all the citizens, Justice – social, economic and political, Article 39 A of the Constitution of India provides for free legal aid to the poor and weaker sections of the society, to promote justice on the basis of equal opportunity. Articles 14 and 22(1) of the Constitution also make it obligatory for the State to ensure equality before law.
In India, the Extradition Act, 1962, regulates the surrender of a person to another country or the request for arrest of a person in a foreign land. According to the act, any conduct by a person in India or elsewhere mentioned in a list of extradition offences punishable with a minimum one year of imprisonment qualifies for an extradition request. ‘Middle Income Group Scheme’: Which provides legal aid to the middle income group citizens, who cannot afford the litigation, by formation of a society for the same purpose
Telangana, goes on to implement the bill for reservation of Muslim in SC by implementing Sudhir commission report.
Legal Aid Empowerment Initiative
Nyaya Mitra scheme is aimed at reducing pendency of cases across selected districts, with special focus on those pending for more than 10 years. Functionalized through a retired judicial or executive officer (with legal experience) designated as the ‘Nyaya Mitra’ Tele Law: Mainstreaming Legal Aid through Common Service Centre Pro bono legal Services: The ‘Pro bono legal services’ initiative is a web based platform, through which interested lawyers can register themselves to volunteer pro bono services for the underprivileged litigants, who are unable to afford it.
Delhi Rent Control Act which has not been implemented for 30 years.
Geotagging of MGNREGA ( Over 1 crore done out of almost 2.5 crore work! )
National Dairy Development Board(NDDB) - Quality Mark Award Scheme for dairy cooperatives
Promote and encourage enhancement of safety, quality and hygiene of milk and milk products manufactured by dairy cooperatives. Improvement in the entire value chain The Dairy units (not only State Milk Federations, but also cooperative dairies, etc.) which meet the criteria for award of quality mark will be allowed to use the logo on the package containing milk and milk products and the award of the quality mark shall be specific for location of the dairy unit as well as for the process for a particular product.
Under smart cities project The Tripura government has commenced the land acquisition process for the construction of India-Bangladesh Friendship Bridge over river Feni that demarcates boundaries between the two countries in south Tripura.
Key facts:
Government of India is bearing the entire burden of expenditure towards the construction of the 150- metre bridge which will connect Sabroom of India and Ramgarh in Bangladesh. Rehabilitation package is ready to compensate people who would be dislodged for construction purposes. The bridge would facilitate implementation of a protocol India earlier signed with Bangladesh to use Chittagong sea port as a ‘port of call’. The port is 72 kilometre away from Sabroom. India is also expanding rail network up to Sabroom to handle cargo consignments that would arrivefrom Chittagong port. Ultimate connectivity plan is to benefit Tripura and other landlocked northeastern States with international and domestic shipments using the sea port.
Panchayati Raj Diwas:
National Panchayati Raj Day is the national day of India celebrated by Ministry of Panchayati Raj on 24 April annually. This date marks a defining moment in the history of decentralization of political power to the grassroots level. The Constitution (73rd Amendment) Act, 1992 that came into force with effect from 24th April, 1993 has institutionalized Panchayati Raj through the village, Intermediate and District level Panchayats.
The Pattiseema lift irrigation project seeks to divert surplus Godavari water to the Krishna river by interlinking both the rivers. The water from the canal will flow down into the Krishna and fill up the Krishna barrage near Vijayawada and be used for farm operations in Krishna and Godavari districts and drinking water requirements.Apart from meeting the water requirements earlier met by Krishna river, water from Krishna will now be used to serve the Rayalaseema area.
Highlights of the Lokpal Act of 2013: The Act allows setting up of anti-corruption ombudsman called Lokpal at the Centre and Lokayukta at the State-level. The Lokpal will consist of a chairperson and a maximum of eight members. The Lokpal will cover all categories of public servants, including the Prime Minister. But the armed forces do not come under the ambit of Lokpal. The Act also incorporates provisions for attachment and confiscation of property acquired by corrupt means, even while the prosecution is pending. The States will have to institute Lokayukta within one year of the commencement of the Act. The Act also ensures that public servants who act as whistleblowers are protected. Selection of chairperson and members of Lokpal through a selection committee consisting of PM, Speaker of Lok Sabha, leader of opposition in Lok Sabha, Chief Justice of India or a sitting Supreme Court judge nominated by CJI. All entities (NGOs) receiving donations from foreign source in the context of the Foreign Contribution Regulation Act (FCRA) in excess of Rs 10 lakh per year are under the jurisdiction of Lokpal. Article 324: Countermand a poll over use of money power The writ of prohibition cannot be issued for legislative bodies, administrative authorities and private individuals
Eligibility to be a Governor: 1. Governor should be a citizen of India 2. He must have completed 35 years of age.
President’s address to the parliament can be done at the commencement of the first session after each general election to the House of the People and at the commencement of the first session of each year. Defeat of motion of thanks amounts to the defeat of government.
A simple majority is enough for change in boundary or the name of the state.
United Nations convention against torture
India has signed UN convention on torture but still not ratified it. The advice of CoM is binding on the President but not on the Governor. Governor has more discretionary power than President
The 97th Constitutional Amendment Act of 2011 gave a constitutional status and protection to Co- operative societies. In this context, it made the following three changes in the constitution: 1. It made the right to form co-operative societies a fundamental right (Article 191). 2. It included a new Directive Principle of State Policy on promotion of co-operative societies (Article 43-B2). 3. It added a new Part IX-B in the Constitution which is entitled “The Co-operative Societies” (Articles 243-ZH to 243-ZT). Incorporation of Co-operative Societies: The state legislature may make provisions for the incorporation, regulation and winding-up of co-operative societies based on the principles of voluntary formation, democratic member-control, member-economic participation and autonomous functioning. Audit of Co-operative societies: Every co-operative society shall be audited by an auditor or auditing firm, appointed by the general body of the co-operative society. But, such an auditor or auditing firm shall be appointed from a panel approved by the State Government or a body authorised by the State Government on this behalf.
EKTA aur Anussasan: NCC motto
“India’s Africa policy is broadly in line with Agenda 2063, promoted by the African Union. However, some recalibration in New Delhi’s approach may be needed…”
Agenda 2063 is a call for action to all segments of African society to work together to build a prosperous and united Africa based on shared values and a common destiny. In their 50th Anniversary Solemn Declaration, the Heads of State and Government of the African Union (AU) laid down vision and eight ideals to serve as pillars for the continent in the foreseeable future, which Agenda 2063 will translate into concrete objectives, milestones, goals, targets and actions/measures.
Estimates Committee can be traced to the standing financial committee set up in 1921. The Rajya Sabha has no representation in this committee. These members are elected by the Lok Sabha every year from amongst its own members. A minister cannot be elected as a member of the committee. It has 30 member. Public Accounts Committee consist of 22 members ( 15 from Lokshabha + 7 from Rajsabha ). A Minister is not eligible for election to this Committee. The term of the Committee is one year.
2018
June 30 1986: Mizo peace accord between Union government and erstwhile underground Mizo National Front (MNF)
The Centre in association with the National Legal Service Authority (NALSA) today launched ‘Tele-Law’ scheme in Bihar with an aim to provide an opportunity to the common man to access legal aid easily.
Tonga race ban in Rajasthan (HC order).