News let ter Arthro pods of Ca na dian Grass lands Num ber 6 2000

Contents Contributions welcome; Editor ...... inside front cover Grasslands news: Grassland project moves forward ...... 1 A tool for protecting biodiversity in B.C...... 1 Endangered montane grasslands receive protected status ... 2 Grasslands project action ...... 3 Origin of the grasslands project ...... 4 Fact file...... 5 Aweme, MB - An important historical grassland site...... 6 Past and ongoing research projects on grassland arthropods....13 Arthropod species at risk in the South Okanagan ...... 15 Contents of grasslands newsletters 1–5 ...... 21 Web watch: Grasslands National Park, SK ...... 22 Some recent publications ...... 23 Mailing list for the grasslands newsletter...... 25

The Grasslands Newsletter of the Biological Survey of Canada (Terrestrial Arthropods) supports the Survey’s grasslands project by providing information relevant to the study of grassland arthropods in Canada.

Aweme, Man i toba, is an area of mixed-grass prai rie made fa mous by the in sect col lect ing of Nor man Criddle be tween about 1905 and 1930. Read about the history, cur rent sta tus, veg e ta tion and in sects of this area on page 6. Contributions welcome

Please consider submitting items to the Grasslands Newsletter

Grassland site Current research - descriptions project reports

Short news items Feature articles

Grassland species Selected accounts publications

Con tri bu tions such as these, as well as other items of in ter est to stu dents of grass lands and their ar- thro pods, are wel comed by the ed i tor. The News let ter ap pears an nu ally in March; fi nal copy dead- line is Feb ru ary 15.

Edi tor: H.V. Danks Bi o log i cal Sur vey of Can ada (Terres trial Ar thro pods) Ca na dian Mu seum of Na ture P.O. Box 3443, Sta tion “D” Ottawa, ON K1P 6P4 613-566-4787 (tel.) 613-364-4021 (fax) [email protected]

Arti cles with out other ac cred i ta tion are prepared by the Ed i tor.

The web site of the Bi o log i cal Sur vey is at: http://www.bi ol ogy.ualberta.ca/esc.hp/bschome.htm The site will be mod i fied and ex panded dur ing the year 2000

Arthropods of Canadian Grasslands 1

Grasslands news

Grassland project moves forward

The Grass lands Project of the Bio log i cal Sur - The Grass lands Newslet ter has therefore re - vey of Can ada is mov ing for ward again now that com menced, and this issue includes in for ma tion many Cana dian ento mol o gists are no longer so in - on fu ture plans for the project (see p. 3). volved in the Survey’s ma jor project on the Yu- kon Terri tory.

A tool for protecting biodiversity in B.C.

A pow er ful new tool now ex ists to help find In ad di tion to habi tat in for ma tion, the At las ways to protect biodiversity in the South outlines manage ment con sid er ations for those Okanagan val ley, an area of Brit ish Colum bia who find rare and endan gered spe cies on their that is under great pressure from growth, urban iza - property, provides pro files on the needs and char - tion, vi ti cul ture, and other uses. In deed, this frag- ac ter is tics of each spe cies and sets out conser va - ile land scape contains almost half of B.C.’s tion strate gies for the region, in clud ing roles for threatened and endan gered spe cies of plants and pri vate land own ers and non-government or ga ni - ani mals. With its hot, dry sum mers, mild win ters, za tions. It there fore fosters col lab o ra tive envi ron - diverse land forms and proxim ity to the deserts of men tal protec tion by di verse private and pub lic the western United States, the area contains inter ests. unique assem blages of species. Some of them de - pend upon a single habi tat type and so are at risk [A full cita tion appears on p. 24. For more de- of ex tir pa tion. Some others have al ready dis ap - tails see also Stephen Hume. 1999. Okanagan is peared. home to many rare species. Vancou ver Sun. Satur - day, May 8, 1999, p. B3. See also the arti cle on p. The Hab i tat At las for Wildlife at Risk in the 15 of this news let ter.] South Okanagan and Lower Similkameen pro- vides de tailed maps of the region’s diverse habi - tats, iden ti fies where popu la tions at risk are to be found and in what concen tra tions, outlines the most signif i cant risks for each and ranks spe cies on a scale rang ing from very com mon to crit i cally im per iled.

It results from ef forts by the Vancou ver Founda tion, the Habi tat Conser va tion Fund, the Okanagan Region Wildlife Heri tage Fund Soci - ety, the B.C. En vi ron ment Minis try, and the Na- ture Trust of B.C. Contrib u tors in clude Rich ard and Syd Cannings, Geoff Scudder, Ted Lea and others. Ecological Reserve, Osoyoos, B.C. (R.A. Cannings)

Number 6, 2000 2

Endangered montane grasslands receive protected status

K.D. Floate, Lethbridge Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Box 3000, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, [email protected]

The Whaleback is over 250 kilometres of On May 11, 1999, the Alberta govern ment an - wind swept grassy ridges, clusters of Douglas fir nounced pro tected sta tus for 28,300 hect ares of Al - and limber pine trees, and moist valleys, located berta’s renowned Whaleback region, through its ap prox i mately 150 kilometres southwest of Cal - Special Places program. Pro tected sta tus was gary. It is the larg est tract of montane landscape achieved with the dona tion of more than 11,600 in Alberta that remains rela tively intact and hect ares of petro leum and nat u ral gas devel op - roadless. Other montane regions in the province ment rights by BP Amoco to the Na ture Con ser- include the heavily devel oped eastern slopes of vancy of Can ada. Under an agreement with all the Waterton/Cas tle region, the Crowsnest Pass, par ties involved, the Na ture Conser vancy will re- the Bow Val ley, and the Athabasca Valley near tain these rights until 2004, when they will be re - Jasper. The montane makes up less than 1% of turned to the provin cial govern ment and not be Al berta’s landbase. re-issued.

The Whaleback’s montane landscapes in- The Whaleback’s new des ig na tion means clude grass land, 575-year-old limber pine, that no commer cial timber har vest ing, no mining, 400-year-old Douglas fir, lodgepole pine and no new road de vel op ment, and no tour ism facil ity white spruce forests. The pro tected area is sit u - de vel op ment will be per mit ted in the region. How- ated at the junc ture of three of Alberta’s six Nat u - ever, the area will remain open to rec re ation and ral Regions. Hence, it includes both the most grazing use. In deed, a well-managed graz ing north ern and southern distri bu tions for many spe- agree ment with ranch ers was a con di tion of the cies. More than 80 spe cies of birds are es ti mated Whaleback’s new status and ranchers will play an to breed in the area and many other spe cies use active role towards this end. the region when migrat ing. The area provides winter graz ing for thou sands of elk from De cem - As recom mended by the lo cal planning com- ber to May. mit tee, a por tion of the west side of the region will provide ATV and snowmo bile rec re ation, on ex ist- ing trails. Hunting and fish ing will con tinue in the area. Only desig nated trails will be open to off-road ve hi cles, on a re stric tive basis to be de - tailed in the manage ment plan.

Full details are available on the Internet at:

Gov ern ment press re lease - http://www.gov.ab.ca/acn/199905/7648.html

Response by CPAWS - http://www.cpaws.org/press/whaleback-990511.ht ml

Pho to graphs of the Whaleback - http://www.gov.ab.ca/env/parks/sp_places/whaleb Whaleback receives protected status ack/im ages/

Arthropods of Canadian Grasslands 3

Grasslands project action

Recently the scope and or ga ni za tion of the • An informal conference at the 2000 joint grass lands project of the Bio log i cal Sur vey were meeting of the Entomological Society of given partic u lar at ten tion (for earlier de vel op - Canada, the Entomological Society of ments see p. 4). Work on this large and im por tant America, and the Société d’entomologie du pro ject can be moved for ward actively now that Québec, which will allow ideas to be exposed ma jor ef forts to charac ter ize the Yukon fauna—in - and developed and the project made known volv ing many of the same par tic i pants—have more widely. Dr. Terry Wheeler is planning come to fruition with pub li ca tion of the Survey’s this program element. book In sects of the Yu kon. • A symposium at the 2001 ESC meeting, Dur ing 1999, some ba sic re quire ments for re - providing a published initial scientific consti tut ing the project were identi fied by the Sci - synthesis on various subjects, also as a basis entific Com mit tee for the Bio log i cal Sur vey and for further development. Dr. Terry Wheeler by an enlarged grasslands sub com mit tee. Possi ble and the subcommittee will plan for this outputs were consid ered that would allow the sci- symposium. entific com mu nity inter ested in grasslands across • An annual grasslands newsletter, to the coun try to push forward the knowl edge of disseminate information, encourage these hab i tats. cooperation and develop ideas, edited by Dr. Hugh Danks. A range of possi ble prod ucts was eval u ated to decide what might be the best mix in terms of • A prospectus for the project, which will give a timing and inten sity, in clud ing ma jor scien tific scientific outline of the rationales and plans publi ca tions, smaller prod ucts such as workshops for the project and underpin its development. or sympo sia, and more lim ited out puts such as in- Dr. Joe Shorthouse and Dr. Terry Wheeler are di vid ual spe cies accounts or a newslet ter, as well preparing an initial draft of this prospectus. as such things as a scien tific prospec tus for the • A more generalized prospectus, which might pro ject. Some ideas for fund ing possi bil i ties were help to support funding enquiries, for example also explored. (also in preparation by Drs. Shorthouse and Wheeler). It was decided to foster the follow ing poten - tial out puts (not neces sar ily in chro no log i cal or - • A list of current research projects, which will der): help in seeking contributors and planning for the informal conference and the symposium, as well as encouraging cooperation. Dr. Kevin • A major volume with a focus on diversity, Floate is preparing this list (see current entries species inventory and zoogeography, on p. 13). including multiple sites and habitats. • Other items to be developed when more of the • A major volume with a focus on ecological basic planning and work has been done would and habitat associations. include development of information for the • A baseline framework for grasslands, Survey’s web page and proposals for funding, providing a sound scheme by which to classify as well as more detailed outlines for the major or identify the different types of grasslands. future publications. This idea is being pursued by Dr. Joe Shorthouse, for example by contacting The members of the grass lands sub com mit- relevant botanical experts. tee are: V.M. Behan-Pelletier; H.V. Danks; K.D. Floate (co-chair); D.J. Larson; R.E. Roughley;

Number 6, 2000 4

G.G.E. Scudder; I.M. Smith; J.D. Shorthouse; *Dr. Kevin Floate, Lethbridge Research Cen - T.A. Wheeler (co-chair); and D. Wrubleski. tre, Livestock Sec tion, Agri cul ture and Agri-Food Canada, Box 3000, Lethbridge, Al berta T1J 4B1, Mem bers of the sub com mit tee, and espe - [email protected] cially the co-chairs*, invite your comments and partic i pa tion in the re vi tal ized grass lands project *Dr. Terry Wheeler, Lyman Ento mo log i cal of the Bi o log i cal Survey. Mu seum, Depart ment of Nat u ral Resource Sci - ences, McGill Uni ver sity, Mac don ald Cam pus, 21,111 Lakeshore Road, Ste.-Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec H9X 3V9, [email protected]

Origin of the grasslands project of the Biological Survey of Canada

From the earli est days of the Bi o log i cal Sur- casional is sues of the Grasslands Newslet ter, pend- vey pro ject, one rec og nized prior ity was to learn ing com ple tion of the Yu kon Pro ject, which in - more about the ar thro pods of Cana dian grass- volved many of the po ten tial contri bu tors to a lands, because the faunas of these im por tant hab i - grass lands project. When the Yu kon project expe - tats are surpris ingly in ad e quately known. The ri enced delays, this also slowed the Grass lands grass lands project was launched to try to catalyse work. Subse quently, Dr. Bert Finnamore ini ti ated and coor di nate rel e vant work in these areas, for several pro jects on grasslands, study ing such sites exam ple by iden ti fy ing sites that rep re sent “un dis- as CFB Suffield (1994–) and Grass lands National turbed” grass land habi tats, charac ter iz ing the fau - Park (1996–). Dr. Scudder contin ued with his nas of dif fer ent kinds of habi tats (in se lected long-standing stud ies of grass land ar thro pods in arthro pod groups), and also compar ing them with Brit ish Colum bia, and Dr. Roughley studied sites the faunas of mod i fied habi tats. in Mani toba (1994–). The sorting, dis tri bu tion, and iden ti fi ca tion of mate rial from these places is The Bi o log i cal Sur vey’s grasslands project in progress. In 1995, Dr. Finnamore be came chair was ini ti ated offi cially for the “Prai ries” in 1979. of the Survey’s Grass lands sub com mit tee. At Dr. Gordon Pritchard pre pared a list of un dis - about the same time, he pre pared a brief pub - turbed prairie sites (1980). Inter est was gen er ated lished by the Sur vey about the use of grass land ar- by a special inter est group at the Banff An nual thro pods in eco sys tem man age ment. He pursued Meet ing of the Ento mo log i cal So ci ety of Can ada funding for his pro jects on grass lands in Can ada (1981), or ga nized by Dr. John Spence and Dr. Prit - and else where. He also co op er ated with the Eco- chard. Subse quent ef forts by Dr. Spence (with logi cal Mon i toring and As sess ment Net work Mr. Rob Cannings) led to the pro duc tion of a (EMAN), help ing to develop de tailed sampling Grasslands Newslet ter, which commented es pe - proto cols and carry ing out work re lated to the prai - cially on cur rent field ac tiv i ties. Some prelim i - rie ecozone. Some lim ited Scien tific Com mit tee nary work was car ried out to prepare a format in discus sions of the grasslands project were held which to charac ter ize se lected grass land sites, and during this period, and in 1999 a ma jor effort was the work of char ac ter iza tion was started by made to move the project forward more broadly Mr. Cannings among others. Later Dr. Geoff (see p. 3), in clud ing the contin u a tion of this news - Scudder, who was carry ing out stud ies in grass - letter. lands espe cially in B.C., took over leader ship of the project. Ini tially, inter est was kept alive by oc -

Arthropods of Canadian Grasslands 5

Selected pub li ca tions from the Sur vey’s 1996. A.T. Finnamore. The advantages of using grasslands project and on Cana dian grass lands arthropods in ecosystem management. A brief from ar thro pods the Biological Survey of Canada (Terrestrial Arthropods). 10 pp. 1980. D.M. Lehmkuhl. Temporal and Spatial Changes 1996. Contributions in A.T. Finnamore (Ed.), the in the Canadian Insect Fauna - Patterns and SAGE project. A workshop report on terrestrial explanation: the prairies. pp. 1145–1159 in J.A. arthropod sampling protocols for graminoid Downes (Ed.), Temporal and Spatial Changes in ecosystems. the Canadian Insect Fauna. The Canadian http://www.cciw.ca/eman-temp/reports/publication Entomologist 112 (11). s/sage/intro.html 1983–1990. Grasslands Newsletters nos. 1–5 (see p. 1997. Contributions (especially on Heteroptera and 21) Cicadellidae) in H.V. Danks and J.A. Downes 1983. Project update. Newsletter of the Biological (Eds.), Insects of the Yukon. Biological Survey of Survey of Canada (Terrestrial Arthropods) 2(2): Canada (Terrestrial Arthropods), Ottawa. 41. (Biological Survey Monograph Series No. 2, 1034 pp.) (see p. 23) 1987. Project update. Newsletter of the Biological Survey of Canada (Terrestrial Arthropods) 6(1): 1998. Project update; Results from grasslands: aculeate 7–8. wasps from CFB Suffield. Newsletter of the Biological Survey of Canada (Terrestrial 1993. G.G.E. Scudder. Geographic distribution and Arthropods) 17 (2): 44–57. biogeography of representative species of xeric grassland-adapted Nearctic Lygaeidae in western 1999. A.T. Finnamore and D. Buckle. Arthropod North America (Heteroptera: Lygaeidae). pp. component report: The stinging wasps 75–113 in G.E. Ball and H.V. Danks (Eds.), (Hymenoptera: Chrysidoidea, Vespoidea, Apoidea) Systematics and Entomology: Diversity, and spiders (Araneae). Canadian Wildlife Service. Distribution, Adaptation and Application. Memoirs 197 pp. of the Entomological Society of Canada 165.

Fact file

Rela tively lit tle remains of many natu ral grass land habi tats on the prairies. For exam ple, it is esti - mated that about 20-27% of rough fescue habi tats, less than 13% of the as pen park land, be tween 1 and 5% of plains fes cue, and less than 1% of the tall-grass prairie has escaped culti va tion or other dis tur bance.

Number 6, 2000 6

Aweme, Manitoba – An important historical grasslands site

R.E. Roughley Department of Entomology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3T 2N2, [email protected]

Introduction Aweme is a lo cal ity no longer found on most for extended pe ri ods of time and all of Norman’s maps of Mani toba or Can ada. It consists of two brothers were col lec tors. An ap pre ci a tion of the re - quarter sections of land (Town ship/Range = NE spect and high regard for Norman Criddle can be 32-8-16W and SE5-9-16W) lo cated at 49E43' N gained from ex am in ing and 99E36' W. It is to the west of the junc tion of his biog ra phies. Biog ra - the Souris and Assini boine rivers and lies in the phies of Norman Prairies Ecozone about 40 km southwest of Criddle were pub lished Brandon. Aweme is the name of the Criddle and by Gibson and Vane homesteads which were es tab lished in 1882. Crawford (1933), Lloyd An area near Aweme is consid ered to be the larg- (1933), Hungerford est rem nant of the mixed-grass prairie remain ing (1934), Lawrence in Man itoba. Previ ously mixed-grass prairie was (1934), Palmer (1934), the most ex ten sive grass land type in North Amer - Bird (1955), Wallis ica compris ing 38% of North Ameri can grass- (1955) Scott (1970, Norman Criddle lands (Lauenroth 1979). 1972), Spalding (1971), (From Report of International Great Plains and Riegert (1989). Crop Pest Committee, History of the area How many of us will Fargo, 1928) earn or de serve bio- Most ento mol o gists have come across spec i - graph i cal sketches by at mens from Aweme, MB. The collect ing lo cal ity is least ten authors spread over 50 years? Norman almost syn on y mous with a single col lec tor, Nor - Criddle was a general nat u ral ist with a par tic u lar man Criddle (1875-1933), although many other in ter est in insects. The list of his scien tific papers collec tors (e.g. Ralph Bird, R.B. Handford, R.M. (Gibson and Crawford 1933) is assigned to the fol - White, J.B. Wallis) vis ited the site or worked at it lowing subject head ings: En to mol ogy, Or ni thol - ogy, Botany, Mammology and Wild Life, and Mis cel la neous. He worked as an ento mol o gist from 1913 until his death in 1933. Dur ing much of his ca reer he was in volved with economic en to- mol ogy, par tic u larly de tailed stud ies of grasshop - per outbreaks and meth ods for their control.

What makes Aweme an im por tant his tor i cal grassland site is that we have a contin u ous record of collect ing over a rela tively long time pe riod and this collect ing record is accom pa nied by voucher spec i mens. Norman Criddle was not a tax - on o mist but he was an avid col lec tor and because

Arthropods of Canadian Grasslands 7

the Mu seum of Compar a tive Zo ol ogy, Harvard Uni ver sity, Boston, MA.

The area which Norman Criddle consid ered to be Aweme was rela tively large and not re - stricted sim ply to grass lands around his home lo- cality. A com mon practice of many col lec tors of his era was to use one lo cal ity label for a region. For instance, accord ing to an unpub lished manu - script of one of Nor man’s contem po rar ies, J.B. Wallis, an an no ta tion of 16E on the collect ing la - bel indi cates that the spec i men was taken at a lo- Criddle house - St. Albans 1907 cal ity now known as the Devil’s Punch Bowl in (S. Kohler) Spruce Woods Provin cial Park. There fore the la - bel, Aweme, prob a bly cov ers a circum fer ence of he knew the in sects of the region, anything that 10 km out from the actual homestead and includes was new or dif fer ent was col lected and was sent the river bank of the Assini boine River, springs to the appro pri ate spe cial ist. Be cause of this prac- and fens which are trib u tar ies, and parts of what tice, his mate rial is spread through out most of the are now Cana dian Forces Base Shilo mil i tary ma jor in sect collec tions of the world. Norman base, and Spruce Woods Provin cial Park. Criddle’s most endur ing leg acy is asso ci ated with his in sect col lect ing. The major ity of his speci - The social life of the area and of the Criddle mens are accom pa nied by only local ity, date and and Vane fam i lies is described by Scott (1971), collec tor but his collect ing notes are stored at the A. Criddle (1973, 1975), and P. Criddle (1978). Man i toba Pub lic Archives in Win ni peg. Many re - The main Criddle res i dence, named St. Albans cords of insects for Aweme were pub lished in the and built in 1906, be came the main social and cul - Ento mo log i cal Record of the Proceed ings of the tural centre of the surround ing area. The English Ento mo log i cal So ci ety of On tario. The first re - Vic to rian lifestyle of the partriarch, Percy cord was pub lished in 1905 and re cords contin ued Criddle, was imported into pi o neer Mani toba. To - in that journal through 1932. Previ ously unpub - day we can only marvel at the empha sis on sports, lished records of speci mens col lected by the arts, cul ture and science overlain on a farm ing Criddles con tinue to this day (e.g. Pollock 1999: venture which could only be consid ered as ek ing Rhiphoridae, Pelecotoma flavipes (Melsh.) as a out an exis tence. There was a golf course and ten - “new” record for Mani toba based on speci mens nis courts on a farm where ini tially “...the sandy collected by E. Criddle and N. Criddle in 1916 and 1924). Perhaps the most signif i cant hold ings of in sects are depos ited in the Cana dian National Col lec tion [CNCI] in Ot tawa and in the J.B. Wallis Mu seum [JBWM] of En to mol ogy at the Uni ver sity of Mani toba in Win ni peg (which now con tains the Agri cul ture Can ada collec tions for - merly held at Brandon and Winni peg). However, sig nif i cant hold ings and type speci mens can be found in virtu ally any mu seum which had a tax o - nomic special ist dur ing Criddle’s era. For in- stance, many new taxa of bee tles were de scribed from Aweme by H.C. Fall whose collec tion is at St. Albans 1998

Number 6, 2000 8

soil with plenty of sub-surface mois ture [was] pro - Collecting permits duc ing the best wheat in Man i toba. Grasshop pers, Col lecting per mits are required for collect ing dry weather and winds changed this. The grass - at the Criddle homestead. They are available from hoppers cleaned off all growth of grain on the Man i toba Nat u ral Resources, 4th Floor, 258 Por - fields, dry weather per mit ted the high winds to tage Av e nue, Win ni peg, Man i toba, R3C 0B6. blow all the sandy top soil away right down to the gravelly hard pan, and the set tlers gave up the fight and moved away. But the Criddles stayed.” Site description (Wallis 1955, p. 48). In ter est ing summa ries of bi o- The paleoecology of southern Man i toba was logi cal in for ma tion about Aweme spe cif i cally can dom i nated dur ing the late Pleisto cene and Ho lo- be found in Bird (1927) and it is used in a more cene by Glacial Lake Agassiz and most of the gen eral format by Bird (1961) as well as many land forms of the area are rem nants of old lake other pa pers. shore lines and beaches. Details of the geolog i cal and vegetational his tory of the area can be in- Current status ferred from papers in Mayer-Oakes (1967). The postglacial, geophys i cal his tory of southern Mani - The Criddle family lived at Aweme from toba is summa rized in Teller and Last (1981). 1882 until 1960. From 1960 to 1974 this land went through a number of owners. In 1974 it was The flora of Mani toba is docu mented by ac quired by the Province of Mani toba and it has Scoggan (1957). The na tive vege ta tion of Aweme been ad min is tered by the Parks Branch. Until is described in Bird (1927) and Coupland (1950). 1996 it was consid ered vacant crown land with a Vari ous stud ies have docu mented changes in the clas si fi ca tion that identi fied it as a unique/rare site veg e ta tion, par tic u larly the Europeanization of the for wild life, with no agri cul ture per mit ted. The flora due to agri cul ture and the ef fect of the mil i- Criddle homestead is increas ingly sur rounded by tary tanks as so ci ated with the Shilo mil i tary base. large blocks of cen tre-pivot irri ga tion for potato Some papers that con tain in for ma tion about the re- pro duc tion, which has become the dom i nant form cent vege ta tion and dis tur bance (ag ri cul ture, fire of agri cul ture in the surround ing sandy soils. The and mil i tary tank traf fic) of the Aweme area are homestead is becom ing an is land of habi tat and McKernan, (1984), Wil son and Shay (1987), there was much concern about the fu ture of the Gorrie and Shay (1988). Wil son and Belch er site. A request from a former land owner to buy (1989), Shay et al. (1989 and in press), Kunec and back the land in 1996 pre cip i tated a flurry of activ - Shay (1990), Wilson and Shay (1990), and Shay ity. A let ter-writing campaign by Friends of (1995a, b). Some of these papers are unpub lished Spruce Woods Park, the De part ments of Bot any re ports but many of them con tain spe cies lists for and Ento mol ogy of the Univer sity of Man i toba, selected sites in the Aweme area. The ac tual the Ento mo log i cal So ci ety of Can ada, and the Bi o - homestead area is located be tween sites 6 and 10. logi cal Sur vey of Canada (Terres trial Ar thro pods) convinced the Province of Mani toba to main tain The vege ta tion of Aweme is domi nated by Aweme as a heri tage site and it has remained a the shortgrass Bouteloua gracilis (HBK.) Lag. part of Spruce Woods Provin cial Park. Un for tu- (Buf falo grass), a sedge, Carex obtusata Lilj., and nately this block is isolated from the main unit of the midheight bunchgrasses Stipa spartea Trin. Spruce Woods, mak ing effec tive admin is tra tion (Porcu pine Grass) and Andropogon scoparius of the Criddle homestead a diffi cult task for Park Michx. (Wiregrass) as well as the somewhat taller author i ties. The fea si bil ity of de vel op ment of Koelaria cristata Pers. (June Grass) In un dis- Aweme as a histor i cal and ecolog i cal site is be ing turbed areas the creep ing ever green shrub, ex am ined by the Friends of the Spruce Woods Juniperus horizontalis Moench (Creeping Ju ni- Park and the Nat u ral Resources De part ment. per), is com mon and there are a number of com-

Arthropods of Canadian Grasslands 9 mon forbs such as Artemesia frigida Willd. St. Al bans, the site is now more treed. Trembling (Prairie Sagewort), Cerastium arverse L. (Field as pen in partic u lar is becom ing more dom i nant Chick weed) and Galium boreale L. (Northern and in creas ingly is overgrow ing the prai rie. bedstraw). Insect fauna The inva sive weed, leafy spurge Euphorbia For many years our knowl edge of the in sect esula L., is a prob lem on the prop erty and it rap - fauna of Man i toba was syn on y mous with our idly colo nizes disturbed areas. Although this area knowledge of the in sect fauna of Aweme. It re - is a release site for flea bee tles (Aphthona spp. , mains true that the major ity of the in sect fauna re - Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) used as a bi o log i cal corded from Mani toba is known only from or was con trol agent (Shay 1995a), the area is treated oc- first recorded from Aweme. It is not pos si ble, at ca sion ally with broadleaf her bi cides. The Euro - the present time, to list the insects col lected at pean flora, predom i nantly in vad ing from Aweme; but a few ex am ples in di cate the na ture of abandoned ag ri cul tural areas, is com posed of Poa the in sect fauna of Mani toba. pratensis (Blue Grass) and Bromus inermis (Brome Grass). These two intro duced grasses are Pollock and Roughley (unpubl.) have sur- taller than the native prairie spe cies and af fect veyed all pub lished re cords of Carabidae (incl. them nega tively. Brome grass ap pears to be a cicindelines) of Aweme and supple mented this by very poor habi tat for in sects (Roughley, pers. ex am in ing all of the hold ings of the JBWM and obs.) rein forc ing the long-held obser va tion that CNC for records from Aweme. This com bined ef - many things appro pri ate for agri cul ture are not ap- fort gen er ated a list of 190 spe cies and subspe cies propri ate for con ser va tion. of ground bee tles from Aweme, which rep re sents 54% of the 350 spe cies of Carabidae known from From vege ta tion analy sis, it appears that cer - the province (Bousquet 1991). This result sug - tain areas di rectly to the north and south of St. Al- gests that some of the in sects known from Aweme bans are un dis turbed, unploughed fes cue prai rie. are fairly widespread through out the Province of The remain der of the area ap pears to have been Man i toba and many are widespread across Can - culti vated. Compared to an earlier pho to graphs of

University of Manitoba agroecology students taking samples at Aweme, summer 1999 (N. Holliday)

Number 6, 2000 10

ada. Some spe cies are western spe cies with their listed as a candi date spe cies for endan gered or eastern lim its at Aweme; some spe cies are eastern threatened spe cies sta tus but it is now consid ered species with their western lim its at Aweme; other to be a spe cies of manage ment concern in North species are prairie spe cies with their north ern Da kota limit at Aweme. (http://www.greatplains.org/npresource/distr/oth- ers/ nddagner/ spe cies/ chlobel.htm). The Mani - The distri bu tions of cer tain other spe cies are toba oakworm, Anisota manitobensis much more re stricted. Quedius (Megaquedius) McDunnough (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae), is manitobensis (Casey) (Coleoptera:Staphylinidae) known only from southern Mani toba and ex treme was described from Aweme. It is an in ter est ing ex- north ern Minne sota (Tuskes et al. 1996). Type am ple of the collect ing abil i ties of the Criddles. It speci mens were col lected by Norman Criddle at is cur rently known only from Aweme and Cal - Aweme and were described by McDunnough gary, Alberta. The few speci mens from Aweme (1921). This very hand some moth is confined to were col lected in July, 1910, May, 1918, and No - bur oak habi tats and is rarely encoun tered. The vember, 1927 (Smetana 1971). These speci mens species has been extir pated from many areas of were prob a bly extracted from the nest or dung south ern Mani toba by in ten sive agri cul ture and chambers of the northern pocket gopher, habi tat de struc tion. Thomomys talpoides. Dur ing the 1980’s, ento mol - o gists from the Depart ment of En to mol ogy at the A somewhat dif fer ent biogeographic pat tern Uni ver sity of Mani toba made a number of forays is emerg ing from stud ies of other groups of in - to collect this in sect and other pocket gopher sects. A moth, Pyla arenaeola Balogh & inquilines such as Foxella ignota (Baker) Wilterding (1998) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), is a (Siphonaptera: Ceratophyllidae). In each case we res i dent of sand dunes and it feeds on the leaves abandoned our attempts after much search ing and of bearberry, Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) digging and at about 2 m in depth. Our prob lem Sprengel (Ericaceae). Despite the widespread dis - was that we did not know how to find the appro - tri bu tion of its holarctic host, this pyralid appar - pri ate habi tat; when we asked lo cal mammalogists ently is re stricted to a few lo cal i ties with loose, about the depth, posi tion and ap pear ance of a sandy soils. Docu mented local i ties include the pocket gopher nest chamber they said that the dunes of the Great Lakes and Aweme. The only pub lished reports of attempts to dig up nests disjunct Mani toba record may seem problem atic were made by Norman and Stuart Criddle. Also until it is re al ized that Aweme is located in a re- as so ci ated with these burrows are the scarab bee- gion of fos sil Pleisto cene sand dunes which tles Aphodius talpoides (Brown) and A. formed at the delta of the Assini boine River peculiosus Schmidt, which are still known only where it en tered glacial Lake Agassiz (Dubois from Mani toba and Aweme in Can ada. The 1976, Teller 1984). There fore the southern shore - anthicid beetle, Notoxus man i toba Chandler, is line of Lake Agassiz may have pro vided a known only from the male holotype (Chan dler biogeographic cor ri dor be tween the dunes of the 1982) col lected at Aweme by Norman Criddle in Assini boine delta and those of the Great Lakes 1924. shoreline when glacial Lake Agassiz drained southeastwards into the Great Lakes. A simi lar Other spe cies found at Aweme appear to be biogeographic pat tern could be inferred for the at the northern limit of their range. The northern - winter stonefly, Capnura mani toba (Claassen) most record of the stink bug, Chlorochroa (Plecoptera: Capniidae) (Bur ton 1985). This spe - belfragei (Stål), is Aweme (Scudder and Thomas cies occurs in a Sphag num spring-fen lo cated on 1987). There are spo radic re cords of this spe cies the mar gin of the Assini boine River ca. 3 km south through North Da kota and South Da kota to SSW of St. Al bans. The type lo cal ity is Aweme Nebraska and east to Il li nois. It was formerly but the known dis tri bu tion is decid edly eastern.

Arthropods of Canadian Grasslands 11

Most re cords are from On tario and Que bec, ex - laboratory at Treesbank, Manitoba. Ecology 7: tend ing north to Ungava Bay, east to the Gaspé 207-220. Penin sula and southeast ward into New Eng land Bird, R.D. 1961. Ecology of the aspen parkland of (Hitch cock 1974). The Aweme record is sep a - western Canada in relation to land use. Research rated from the clos est eastern record by more than Branch, Canada Department of Agriculture, 1000 km (Nel son and Baumann 1987, fig. 50, p. Ottawa. Publication 1066. Fp. + x + 155 pp. 23). Bousquet, Y. (Ed.). 1991. Checklist of Beetles of Canada and Alaska. Research Branch, Agriculture Concluding statement Canada, Publication 1861/E. Agriculture Canada, Ottawa. vi + 430 pp. I admit an in or di nate fond ness for Aweme. Is Burton, D.K. 1985. Distribution of Manitoba stoneflies it the feel ing of be ing at a his tor i cally im por tant (Plecoptera). Proceedings of the Entomological lo cal ity? Is it the ghosts of past ento mol o gists col- Society of Manitoba 40 (1984): 39-51. lecting, think ing and discov er ing knowl edge Chandler, D.S. 1982. A revison of North American about in sects? Is it the feel ing of hav ing the wind Notoxus with a cladistic analysis of the New World in your hair out on the prai rie? Is it a day away species (Coleoptera: Anthicidae). Entomography 1: from tele phones and e-mail? Yes. 333-438. Coupland, R.T. 1950. Ecology of mixed prairie in Acknowledgements Canada. Ecology 20: 271-315. I would like to thank Jason Diehl for help with ed- Criddle, A. 1973. Criddle-de-diddle-ensis. Privately it ing the map of the Aweme area. Help ful dis cus sions printed, Winnipeg, MB. 288 pp. about Aweme and highly enjoy able col lect ing trips to Criddle, A. 1975. The Criddles of Aweme. The the Aweme area with Don Henne, Bill Gallaway, Terry Manitoba Entomologist 8: 5-9. Gallo way, Darren Pollock and many oth ers over the years have helped cre ate a feel ing about a spe cial place Criddle, P. 1978. The Criddles of Aweme. The Beaver with many fond mem o ries. Many other people from 308 (4): 15-19. [Abstracted from Percy Criddle’s the De part ment of Ento mol ogy have assisted in one diary for 1882]. form or an other with this arti cle. Jennifer Shay, De part - Dubois, J.E. 1976. The sandhills of Carberry. ment of Bot any, Uni ver sity of Man i toba, pro vided a Manitoba Museum of Man and Nature, Winnipeg, list of ref er ences about the flora. Spencer Sealy, De part- Manitoba. 41 pp. ment of Zo ol ogy, Univer sity of Mani toba, pro vided ac - Gibson, A. and H. G. Crawford. 1933. Norman cess to a helpful bibli og ra phy of bird studies. Thanks Criddle. The Canadian Entomologist 65: 193-200. to Dr. Darren Pollock for his assis tance and persis tence with scan ning vari ous pho to graphs for this arti cle. Gorrie, S.M. and J.M. Shay. 1988. The effect of fire and tank traffic on mixed-grass prairie at Shilo, Most of all I should acknowl edge Nor man Criddle who nd created the story. Manitoba. 2 Annual Report for the Department of National Defence Contract, Department of Botany, References University of Manitoba, Winnipeg. 66 pp. Balogh, G.J. and J.H. Wilterding. 1998. A new species Hitchcock, S.W. 1974. Guide to the insects of of Pyla Grote and redescription of Pyla aequivoca Connecticut. Part VII. The Plecoptera or stoneflies Heinrich (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae: Phycitinae). of Connecticut. Bulletin of the State Geological Proceedings of the Entomological Society of and Natural History Survey of Connecticut, 107: vi Washington 100: 704-723. + 262 pp. Bird, R.D. 1955. Norman Criddle, 1875-1933. Hungerford, H.B. 1934. Norman Criddle [Report of the Newsletter of the Entomological Division, Ottawa Secretary]. Annals of the Entomological Society of 36 (5): 2-3. America 27: 121-122. Bird, R.D. 1927. A preliminary ecological survey of Kunec, D.L. and J.M. Shay. 1990. The effects of the district surrounding the entomological military activity on native mixed grass praire, CFB Shilo. Department of Botany, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg. 69 pp.

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Lawrence, A.G. 1934. Norman Criddle, naturalist. Department of Botany, University of Manitoba, Inland Bird Banding News 6 (1): 2-4. Winnipeg. 34 pp. Lloyd, H. 1933. Norman Criddle 1875-1933. The Shay, J.M. 1995b. Manouevre corridor study. Canadian Field-Naturalist 47: 145-147. Vegetation monitoring, July 1994. Department of Mayer-Oakes, W.J. (Ed.). 1967. Life, Land and Water. Botany, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg. 55 pp. Proceedings of the 1966 Conference on Shay, J.M., S.M. Gorrie, A. McIlraith and D. Kunec. Environmental Studies of the Glacial Lake Agassiz 1989. The effect of fire and tank traffic on region. University of Manitoba Press, Winnipeg. mixed-grass prairie at Shilo Manitoba. 3rd Annual xvi + 414 pp. Report for the Department of National Defence McDunnough, J.H. 1921. A new Anisota species from Contract, Department of Botany, University of Manitoba (Lepid.). The Canadian Entomologist 53: Manitoba, Winnipeg. 106 pp. 75. Shay, J.M., D.L. Kurec and B. Dyck. In press. Short McKernan, J.M. 1984. Effects of military training on term effects of fire requency on vegetation mixed-grass prairie at Shilo, Manitoba, Canada and composition and biomass in mixed prairie in utility of remedial seeding measures. Unpubl..MSc. south-western Manitoba. Plant Ecology. thesis, Department of Botany, University of Smetana, A. 1971. Revision of the tribe Quediini of Manitoba. America north of Mexico. Memoirs of the Nelson, C.R. and R.W. Baumann. 1987. The winter Entomological Society of Canada 79: vi + 303 pp. stonefly genus Capnura (Plecoptera: Capniidae) in Spalding, D.A.E. 1971. Alberta naturalists. No. 3. North America: Systematics, phylogeny, and Norman Criddle (14.5.1875 - 4.5.1933). The zoogeography. Transactions of the American Alberta Naturalist 1: 24-25. Entomological Society 113: 1-28. Teller, J. T. and W. M. Last. 1981. Late Quaternary Pollock, D.A. 1999. New Manitoba records of history of Lake Manitoba, Canada. Quaternary Coleoptera. Proceedings of the Entomological Research 16: 97-116. Society of Manitoba 54 (1998): 5-9. Teller, J.T. (Ed.). 1984. Natural Heritage of Manitoba. Reigert, P.W. 1989. Entomologists of Manitoba. Legacy of the Ice Age. Manitoba Museum of Man Entomological Society of Canada and and Nature, Winnipeg, MB. 208 pp. Entomological Society of Manitoba. Friesen Tuskes, P.M., J.P. Tuttle and M.M. Collins. 1996. The Printers, Altona, MB. 89 pp. Wild Silk Moths of North America: A Natural Scoggan, H. J. 1957. Flora of Manitoba. Bulletin of the History of the Saturniidae of the United States and National Museum of Canada 140: vi + 1-619 pp. + Canada. The Cornell Series in Arthropod Biology. plate I. Cornell University Press, Ithaca. 264 pp. Scott, C.A. 1970. Norman and Stuart Criddle. Wallis, J.B. 1955. Pioneers of entomology in Manitoba’s pioneer naturalists. Zoolog 11 (3): Manitoba. Proceedings of the Entomological 10-13. Society of Manitoba 10 (1954): 45-49. Scott, C.A. 1971. The Criddles of Aweme. Province of Wilson, S.D. and J.M. Shay. 1987. The effects of fire Manitoba, Conservation Comment. (Dec. 1971). 6 and tank traffic on mixed-grass prairie at Shilo pp. Manitoba. 1st Annual Report for the Department of Scott, C.A. 1972. Criddle of Aweme: naturalist. Water, National Defence Contract, Department of Botany, Woods and Wildlife No. 11. University of Manitoba, Winnipeg. 70 pp. Scudder, G.G.E. and D.B. Thomas, Jr. 1987. The green Wilson, S.D. and J.M. Shay. 1990. Competition, fire stink bug genus Chlorochroa Stål (Hemiptera: and nutrients in a mixed-grass prairie. Ecology 71: Pentatomidae). The Canadian Entomologist 119: 1959-1967. 83-93. Wilson, S. D. and J. W. Belcher. 1989. Plant and bird Shay, J.M. 1995a. Biological control of leafy spurge communities of native prairie and introduced (Euphorbia esula L.). Vegetation monitoring. Eurasian vegetation in Manitoba, Canada. Conservation Biology 3: 39-44.

Arthropods of Canadian Grasslands 13

Synopsis of some past and ongoing research projects on grassland arthropods

K.D. Floate Lethbridge Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Box 3000, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, [email protected]

Alaska Johnson (Lethbridge Research Centre, Of leafhoppers and mammoths: Holocene and Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, Pleistocene life in Alaska - K.G.A. Hamilton AB) (Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research Centre, Stinging wasps and spiders at CFB Suffield - A.T. Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Finnamore (Provincial Museum of Alberta, ON), S.F. MacLean, Jr. and Y.J. Kwon [in prep.] Edmonton, AB) British Columbia Soil mite communities of fescue grassland in Effect of livestock grazing on ground-dwelling Alberta. M.J. Clapperton, W.D. Willms, D.A. arthropods in a bunchgrass ecosystem in Kanashiro (Lethbridge Research Centre, southern BC - G.G.E. Scudder (Department of Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, Zoology, University of British Columbia, AB) and V. Behan-Pelletier (Eastern Cereal and Vancouver, BC) Oilseed Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON). Recovery of ground-dwelling arthropods following fire in a bunchgrass ecosystem in southern BC - Arthropod survey of Waterton Lakes National Park G.G.E. Scudder with an emphasis on Vespidae (Hymenoptera) - R. Longair (Department of Biological Sciences, Habitat restoration and change in ground-dwelling University of Calgary, Calgary, AB). arthropod diversity in a bunchgrass ecosystem in southern BC - G.G.E. Scudder Saskatchewan Diversity of robber flies (Diptera: Asilidae) in Arthropod survey of Grasslands National Park - grasslands of British Columbia - R.A. Cannings Entomological Society of Saskatchewan (Royal British Columbia Museum, Victoria, Arthropod survey of Grasslands National Park - BC). A.T. Finnamore Alberta Coleoptera of prairie ponds - D.J. Larson Post-fire recovery of arthropod assemblages in the (Department of Biology, Memorial University of Porcupine Hills - K. White (University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NF) Lethbridge [MSc.]), R. Cartar (University of Invertebrates of prairie ponds and rivers - D. Lethbridge) Parker (AquaTax Consulting, Saskatoon, SK). Arthropods associated with cattle dung in southern Alberta - K. Floate (Lethbridge Research Centre, Manitoba Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, Biodiversity of tallgrass prairie: the use of fire as a AB) biodiversity and conservation management tool for insects and plants, St. Charles Rifle Range, Galling arthropods on cottonwoods of prairie rivers Winnipeg - R.E. Roughley, D. Pollock, - K. Floate (Department of Entomology, University of Recovery of arthropod assemblages after grassland Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB), Bruce Ford fires [Porcupine Hills and CFB Suffield] - D.L. (Department of Botany, University of Manitoba).

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Ground beetles of Aweme, Manitoba; A comparison Yukon of historical records to the modern assemblage - Diversity and zoogeography of Diptera D. Pollock and R.E. Roughley (Brachycera) associated with relic grasslands in Ground beetles of tallgrass prairie pastures at the southern Yukon - S. Boucher and T.A. Gardenton, MB - D. Pollock & Xie Weiping Wheeler (Department of Entomology, University of True bugs (Heteroptera) of the Yukon - G.G.E. Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB). Scudder. [1997. In Danks, H.V. and J.A. Diversity of Agromyzidae (Diptera) in tallgrass Downes (Eds.), Insects of the Yukon. Biological prairie habitats in Canada - V. Crecco Survey of Canada Monograph 2, pp. 241–336] (Department of Natural Resource Sciences, Leafhoppers (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) of the McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC). Yukon: dispersal and endemism - K.G.A. Hamilton. [1997. in Danks, H.V. and J.A. Ontario Downes (Eds.), Insects of the Yukon. Biological Leafhopper evidence for origins of northeastern Survey of Canada Monograph 2, pp. 337-375] relict prairies (Insecta: Homoptera: Cicadellidae) - K.G.A. Hamilton [1994. In Canada-wide th Proceedings of the 13 Annual North American Diversity and zoogeography of Chloropidae in Prairie Conference. pp. 61-70.] Canadian grasslands - T.A. Wheeler Evaluation of Leafhoppers and their relatives Diversity of the phytophagous Diptera community in (Insecta: Homoptera: Auchenorrhyncha) as Canadian grasslands - T.A. Wheeler Indicators of Prairie Preserve Quality - K.G.A. Hamilton [1995. In Proceedings of the 14th Com par a tive stud ies of the Heteroptera di ver sity in Annual North American Prairie Conference. pp. grass land eco sys tems in Can ada - G.G.E. 211-226.] Scudder Leafhoppers (Insecta: Homoptera: Cicadellidae) as The genus Efferia (Diptera: Asilidae) in Canadian indicators of endangered ecosystems - K.G.A. grasslands - R.A. Cannings Hamilton [‘in press’ for Canadian Council on Diversity of robber flies (Diptera: Asilidae) in Endangered Areas Conference Proceedings.] grasslands of the Canadian Great Plains - R.A. Leafhopper and planthopper endemism in Pacific Cannings Northwest grasslands (Rhynchota: Homoptera: Cynipid Galls on the Wild Roses of Canada’s Cicadellidae and Delphacidae) - K.G.A. Grassland: distribution and habitats of host Hamilton [in prep.]. roses, biology of each gall, host specificity, and Arthropods associated with alvar habitats in composition of component communities of southern Ontario - P. Bouchard and T.A. inquilines and parasitoids. [includes sites in AB, Wheeler (Department of Natural Resource SK and MB] - J.D. Shorthouse (Department of Sciences, McGill University, Biology, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON). Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC). Short-horned bugs (Homoptera-Auchenorrhyncha) - K.G.A. Hamilton [In preparation for: I.M. Smith (Ed.), Assessment of Species Diversity in the Prairies Ecozone - electronic publication on CD-ROM].

Arthropods of Canadian Grasslands 15

Ar thro pod spe cies at risk and live stock graz ing in the South Okanagan of Brit ish Co lum bia

G.G.E. Scudder Depart ment of Zool ogy, Univer sity of Brit ish Colum bia, Van cou ver, B.C. V6T 1Z4

In tro duc tion The ante lope-brush eco sys tem of the South tion, there are over 250 poten tially rare species; Okanagan is one of the most endan gered eco sys- 80 or so of these occur here and no where else in tems in Canada (Scudder 1980; Durance 1992; Canada (Scudder 1992, 1994, 1996; Cannings and Schluter et al. 1995). Contained within the Cannings 1995). With respect to inver te brate Bunchgrass biogeoclimatic zone in the South ern biodiversity, the Thomp son-Okanagan Valley is Inte rior of Brit ish Colum bia (Meidinger and Pojar both a rarity and rich ness hotspot in Brit ish Co - 1991), it is a frag ile eco sys tem, in which over half lumbia (Scudder 1998). of this shrub-steppe habi tat has been totally de- stroyed (Schluter et al. 1995). Less than 9% of There are also a large number of rare plants this habi tat that now remains is rela tively un dis - in the South Okanagan. Hence, it is an area of turbed (Redpath 1990), and only sur vives now in great conser va tion inter est, and a South Okanagan mostly iso lated patches on hillsides. ecosys tem recov ery team has been es tab lished by the Commit tee on the Recov ery of Nationally En - This very small fragmented habi tat con tains dangered Wildlife (RENEW 1999). a number of endan gered and vul ner a ble verte brate species (MELP 1999). Over a dozen en demic in- The goals for this recov ery team are to main- verte brates are known only from this area. In ad di - tain a suffi cient amount and diver sity of habi tat to

Figure 1. Sites in the South Okanagan studied for some invertebrates at risk.

Number 6, 2000 16

sus tain ecosys tem func tion in the South Ta ble 1 lists the sites, arranged in a ungrazed Okanagan, to main tain via ble pop u la tions of all to grazed sequence. Figure 1 shows their rela tive native species, and to manage the South ge og ra phy: grazed and ungrazed study sites were Okanagan ecosys tem so as to balance the eco log i - in ter spersed, all were on sandy or gravely soils, at cal, eco nomic and social needs of lo cal com mu ni - ap prox i mately the same ele va tion and on the east ties (RENEW 1999). side of the val ley, so cli mates were very simi lar. Site P has since been converted to vine yard. An eco sys tem recov ery plan is be ing devel - oped. Asso ci ated with this is an irreplaceability / Sampling method ol ogy complementarity anal y sis for spe cies at risk in the area (Warman and Sinclair 1999), and an ‘Inte - Twenty-five pitfall traps for cap tur ing grated Land scape Planning and As sess ment’ pro- ground-dwelling arthro pods were set up at each gram of research (Olson + Olson 1998). Al though site at the be gin ning of May 1994. Five rings of 5 the dis tri bu tion of the verte brate spe cies at risk is traps were placed at 50 m in ter vals along veg e ta - fairly well known, and a habi tat at las for these has tion transects. Trap cir cles had a diam e ter of 10 m been prepared (MELP 1999), no such mapping and traps were placed in a pentag o nal pat tern at could be done for the inver te brates at risk. This the pe riph ery. Each trap consisted of two 450 ml was because there was no com pre hen sive sur vey and anal y sis of the dis tri bu tion and habi tat require - Table 1. List of sites studied in the an te lope-brush ments for the inver te brates at risk. ecosys tem in the South Okanagan, and their live stock graz ing his tory UG = ungrazed over pre vi ous 20+ years; A col lab o ra tive research pro gram was thus G = origi nally grazed, but not grazed in pre vi ous 5-10 initi ated in this ante lope-brush com mu nity, aimed years; HG = heavily grazed to 1996. at charac ter iz ing this shrub-steppe habi tat, de scrib - Live- ing its bi otic com po si tion, and assess ing the distri - Field & stock Map Geo- Ele- grazed bu tion of some of the arthro pod compo nents at Desig- referenc vation con- risk. Be cause much of the land is privately nation Location & Name e (m) dition

owned, and subject to live stock grazing, repli cate V BC, Osoyoos IRI 49°13'N 336 UG sam ple sites were es tab lished in areas with dif fer - ‘Brights Winery’ 119°32'W

ing graz ing his tory, to see if such graz ing had a Z BC, Vaseux Cr. 49°16’N 452 UG ma jor in flu ence on the distri bu tion of spe cies. ‘Kennedy bench’ 119°30'W

O WA, Oroville 48°58'N 355 UG Sam ple sites Osoyoos L. 119°25'W S BC, Osoyoos 49°07'N 353 G In 1994, 10 study sites were es tab lished Wildlife Reserve, 119°33'W Black Sage Rd. within the ante lope-brush (Purshia tridentata) commu nity in the South Okanagan, and their soil Y BC, Vaseux Cr. 49°16'N 370 G ‘CWS bench’ 119°30'W and vege ta tion an a lyzed. Three sites were in hab i- tats with out recent (previ ous 20 years) live stock X BC, Vaseux Cr. 49°15'N 340 G ‘Kennedy flats’ 119°31'W grazing, 3 were in sites which had heavy livestock grazing, and 4 were in sites which had been T BC, Osoyoos IRI 49°09'N 370 G ‘Inkaneep’ 119°32'W grazed by livestock in the recent past (previ ous 5-10 years), but were then left ungrazed by live - U BC, Oliver, IRI 49°10'N 475 HG ‘Watertower’ 119°31'W stock. All sites were subject to wildlife (bighorn W BC, Osoyoos IRI 49°13'N 340 HG sheep or deer) graz ing. ‘Nr. Mud L.’ 119°31'W

P BC, Osoyoos IRI 49°04'N 355 HG E. Osoyoos L. 119°29'W

Arthropods of Canadian Grasslands 17 plastic beak ers (beer mugs), with top diam e ter of Group 1. The cydnid Dallasiellus discrepans 8.5 cm and depth 11 cm. One beaker was set in and the seed bugs Neosuris castanea and the ground with top level with the soil surface. Sisamnes claviger occurred in all sites sam pled, al- The second beaker, snug fit ting into the first, was though N. castanea was not col lected at site V, half filled with 50% propyl ene gly col. This sec- and was not very frequent else where. The other ond beaker could be re moved for emp ty ing, with - two spe cies occurred in good num bers. out disturb ing the soil or litter once traps had been set up. Group 2. The seed bugs Cordillonotus stellatus (Fig. 2) and Peritrechus pilosulus oc - Traps were covered with a 23 cm square curred only in the ungrazed sites and were ex- piece of 0.5 cm or 0.25 cm thick, grey opaque tremely rare. Only one speci men of each was sheet of plastic, supported on four 15 cm long collected each year. Each spe cies occurred only at pieces of 2.5 cm square alumi num tubing, placed a single ungrazed site. at right an gles in an ‘X’ around the rim of the trap. Wooden cov ers and supports could not be Group 3. The solpugid Eremobates sp., the used, be cause past expe ri ence had shown that ground dwell ing mantid Litaneutria mi nor and the they were quickly con sumed by the Western sub - cicadellid, Unoka sp. were found only in the terra nean termite (Reticulotermes hesperus heavily livestock grazed sites with a lot of bare Banks). Traps were left in situ until the end of Oc - ground. Al though only one spec i men of the tober 1995, be ing emp tied once each month, but mantid was captured at site W, the other two spe- left un dis turbed overwinter (Octo ber 1994 to cies were rela tively common, and occurred at all April 1995). Sample col lec tions were strained, pre- the heavily grazed sites. The Unoka also occurred served in 70% eth a nol, and later processed in the at two of the recently grazed sites. labo ra tory. Ar thro pods were sorted to ma jor tax o- nomic groups, and counted. Each group is now be - ing sorted to species, identi fied and counted, but poten tially rare spe cies have been extracted from Table 2. List of some spe cies at risk each sam ple, and these results are discussed be - in the South Okanagan low. Spe cies listed in Scudder (1994, 1996) were used as the guide for this pur pose. Solpugida Eremobatidae Re sults Eremobates sp. (proba bly E. glad i o lus Muma) Twelve monthly sam ples from each site were Dictuoptera ob tained over the 2-year pe riod. The number of ar - Mantidae thro pods in the 120 sam ples to talled over 350,000 Litaneutria mi nor (Scudder) spec i mens. Thirty-two poten tially rare spe cies Hemiptera were recorded, almost half of which were spi ders. Cicadellidae Because the spider sam ples have not yet been Unoka sp.n. fully pro cessed, these are excluded from fur ther Cydnidae consid er ation. Dallasiellus discrepans (Uhler) Rhyparochromidae Of the 17 spe cies be long ing to other taxa, 8 Cordillonotus stellatus Scudder species (Table 2) have been se lected to rep re sent Neosuris castanea (Bar ber) the main distri bu tion patterns found (Table 3). Peritrechus pilosulus Scudder sp.n. They fall into three groups. Sisamnes claviger (Uhler)

Number 6, 2000 18

Dis cus sion Table 3. Occurrence of some invertebrates at risk in sites studied in the South Okanagan. It is evi dent that the 3 spe cies recorded at vir - tually all sites are not specif i cally tied to the state of the ante lope-brush habi tat. All three of these species have been col lected oc ca sion ally in other bunchgrass habi tats ad ja cent to the South Okanagan val ley, in pitfall trap ping in subse quent years. However, they are very rare in these other loca tions. Provided some ante lope-brush hab i tat can be saved in the South Okanagan, these spe- cies should re main secure.

Both Cordillonotus stellatus and Peritrechus pilosulus are known from just a single site each, and addi tional pitfall trapping over the last 5 years has failed to detect them else where. They appear to be confined to ungrazed sites, and are ex - tremely rare. From a conser va tion point of view, these two sites have thus a 100% irreplaceability value (Pressey et al. 1994). They would have to be included in any conser va tion net work aimed at pro tect ing all spe cies at risk in the South ated. Fire is now largely suppressed, but is be ing Okanagan. recon sid ered as a manage ment tool. All three spe cies listed from the heavily live- My research has shown that both fire and stock grazed sites have been captured in ad di- live stock graz ing pro vide the habi tat charac ter is - tional pit fall-trapping research in the South tics required by some of the in ver te brate spe cies Okanagan. However, this addi tional research has at risk in the ante lope-brush com mu nity in the confirmed that they are confined to ante - South Okanagan. Both could be used as man age - lope-brush habi tats that are disturbed and have a ment tools. lot of bare ground. Our research has therefore shown that some disturbed areas must be main- Thus, in order to con serve the full comple - tained in any conser va tion landscape net work if ment of ar thro pods at risk in the bunchgrass eco- these spe cies are to be protected. sys tem, the land scape conser va tion net work be ing planned must main tain a mo saic of habi tats, with Ev i dently, the western inter-montane some distur bance regime. Iso lated reserves or pro - bunchgrass eco sys tems did not evolve with large tected areas will not suffice if all are left as ma- bovid grazers, and so are not well structured to ture “climax” commu ni ties. All seral stages in the withstand live stock graz ing (Milchunas et al. ecosys tem cy cle must be maintained in the area, 1988). They are thus quite dif fer ent to the short so that any conser va tion net work will need to be grass prairie steppe, which is one of the grass- man aged with this in mind. How this should or lands least re spon sive to graz ing (Milchunas et al. can be accom plished in an area in volv ing steward - 1998). ship on private lands still remains to be deter - mined. The nat u ral dis tur bance regime in these inter-montane grasslands was orig i nally fire initi -

Arthropods of Canadian Grasslands 19

Figure 2. Cordillonotus stellatus Scudder (female, dorsal habitus), a very rare species from ungrazed habitat.

Number 6, 2000 20

Ac knowl edg ements This research was sup ported from grants from the Re port Se ries No. 108. Cana dian Wild life Ser vice, NSERC and For est Re newal Brit ish Colum bia. I thank Pa cific and Yu kon Region, Brit ish Colum bia. 9 pp. the many stu dents who helped in the field sampling RENEW. 1999. RENEW 1998-99. Re port No. 9. and later sorting. I am indebted to the vari ous land own- Ca na dian Wild life Ser vice, En vi ron ment Can ada, ers for per mis sion to work on their land. Ot tawa. 48 pp. Schluter, A., T. Lea, S. Cannings and P. Krannitz. Ref er ences 1995. An te lope-brush ecosys tems. Ecosys tems in Cannings, S. and R. Cannings. 1995. Rare Brit ish Colum bia at Risk se ries. B.C. Min is try of inver te brates of the South Okanagan. Wild life in En vi ron ment, Lands and Parks, Victo ria, B.C. 6 pp. Brit ish Colum bia at Risk se ries. Brit ish Colum bia Minis try of En vi ron ment, Lands and Parks, Scudder, G.G.E. 1980. The Osoyoos-Arid Biotic area. Vic to ria, B.C. 6 pp. pp. 49-55 in Stace-Smith, R., L. Johns and P. Joslin (Eds.), Threatened and En dan gered Spe cies and Durance, E. 1992. Vanishing desert of the Okanagan. Habi tats in Brit ish Colum bia and the Yukon. B.C. Bo re alis 3(3):16-21. Minis try of En vi ron ment, Fish and Wild life MELP (Brit ish Colum bia Min is try of En vi ron ment, Branch, Victo ria, B.C. Lands and Parks). 1998. Hab i tat Atlas for Wild life Scudder, G.G.E. 1992. Threatened and en dan gered at Risk. South Okanagan and Lower Similkameen. inver te brates of the South Okanagan. pp. 47-58 in Brit ish Colum bia Minis try of En vi ron ment, Lands S. Rautio (Ed.), Com mu nity Ac tion for Endan gered and Parks, Penticton, B.C. 124 pp. Species. A pub lic sympo sium on B.C.’s threat ened Meidinger, D. and J. Pojar. 1991. Ecosys tems of and endan gered spe cies and their habi tat. Brit ish Co lum bia. BC Min is try of For ests, Victo ria, Feder a tion of B.C. Nat u ral ists and North west BC, 330 pp. Wildlife Preser va tion So ci ety. Van cou ver, B.C. Milchunas, D.G., K.W. Lauenroth and I.C. Burke. Scudder, G.G.E. 1994. An anno tated system atic list of 1998. Live stock graz ing: an i mal and plant the poten tially rare and en dan gered fresh wa ter and biodiversity of shortgrass steppe and the ter res trial in ver te brates in Brit ish Co lum bia. re la tion ship to ecosys tem function. Oikos 83:65-74. Ento mo log i cal Soci ety of Brit ish Co lum bia, Occa sional Paper 2. 92 pp. Milchunas, D.G., O.E. Sala and W.K. Laurenroth. 1988. A gen er al ized model of the effects of graz ing Scudder, G.G.E. 1996. Terres trial and fresh wa ter by large herbi vores on grass land com mu nity inver te brates of Brit ish Colum bia: Pri or ities for structure. Amer i can Nat u ral ist 132:87-106. inven tory and descrip tive re search. Research Branch, B.C. Minis try of For ests, and Wild life Olson + Olson. 1998. Inte grated Land scape Planning Branch, B.C. Minis try of En vi ron ment, Lands and and As sess ment in the South Okanagan, British Parks, Vic to ria, B.C. Working Paper 09/1996. 206 Co lum bia. Olson + Olson, Cal gary, AB 43 pp. pp. Unpub lished. Scudder, G.G.E. 1998. In ver te brate biodiversity and Pressey, R.L., I.R. John son and P.D. Wil son. 1994. con ser va tion in the Thomp son-Okanagan Val ley. Shades of irreplaceability: to wards a mea sure of the Bulle tin of the Cana dian Soci ety of Zool o gists con tri bu tion of sites to a reser va tion goal. 28(2):88-89. Biodiversity and Con ser va tion 3:242-262. Warman, L.D. and A.R.E. Sinclair. 1999. A system atic Redpath, K. 1990. Iden ti fi ca tion of rela tively method for iden ti fy ing pri or ity con ser va tion areas un dis turbed areas in the South Okanagan and us ing wild life habi tat rela tion ships and observed Similkameen Val leys, Brit ish Co lum bia. Tech ni cal lo ca tions of rare species. SIFERP Science to Manage ment Forum Pro ceed ings. Dec. 1999. 3 pp.

Arthropods of Canadian Grasslands 21

Contents of grasslands newsletters 1–5

No. 1, 1983 (Ed. J. Spence), 6 pp. Postglacial history of grasslands in the Pacific Northwest (T. Martin) Editor’s notes Book announcement: Grassland ecology and Initiation of the survey of the arthropod classification (R.A. Cannings) fauna of the Canadian prairies (G. Pritchard) Recent subcommittee activities (J. Spence) No. 4, 1987 (Ed. G.G.E. Scudder), 12 pp. The Living Prairie Museum, Winnipeg, Editor’s notes Manitoba (T. Galloway) Literature of note The University of Alberta ranch (J. Spence) Grasslands National Park inventory (P.G. Haynes Lease Ecological Reserve (R.A. Mason) Cannings) Grasslands National Park (S.G. Cannings) No. 2, 1984 (Ed. J.R. Spence), 7 pp. The Ojibway Prairie Provincial Nature Reserve, Ontario (K.G.A. Hamilton) Editor’s notes Oribatida of the Haynes Lease ecological Prairie Dog towns of southern Saskatchewan reserve, B.C. (V. Behan-Pelletier) (V. Behan-Pelletier) Supplement to A Theme Study of Natural Peace River grasslands butterfly survey (T. Grasslands in Western Canada (1973) Pike and F. Sperling) (K.G.A. Hamilton) Arthropods in deserted hayfields in eastern Ontario (R. Harmsen) Becher’s Prairie burn (G.G.E. Scudder) Miocene and Pliocene vegetation patterns of Grassland arachnids (R.G. Holmberg) the northern Rocky Mountains (Abstract) Research on sandhill insect biogeography (E.B. Leopold and M.F. Denton) (J.H. Acorn) Abstracts from the Symposium: Evolution Our beef and grassland beetles (J.R. Spence and Postglacial Distribution of Intermontane and N. Berg) Graslands in the Pacific Northwest, B.C. grassland project - 1983 (R.A. Vancouver 1986 Cannings) No. 5, 1990 (Ed. G.G.E. Scudder), 14 pp. No. 3, 1985 (Ed. J.R. Spence), 9 pp. The Hat Creek project, British Columbia Editor’s notes (R.A. Cannings) Writing-on-Stone Provincial Park, Alberta Grasslands of Ontario and surrounding areas (D. McCorquodale) (K.G.A. Hamilton) Leafhoppers (Cicadellidae) of Canadian Grass dominated associations north of 60° grasslands (K.G.A. Hamilton) (S.G. Aiken) Soil fauna recolonization of high elevation New park protects grasslands coal mine spoils (J.M. Lawrence) Action plan for prairie conservation Tall-grass prairie conservation project Literature of note

Number 6, 2000 22

Web watch: Grasslands National Park (Saskatchewan)

http://parkscanada.pch.gc.ca/parks/saskatchewan/grasslands/grasslands_e.htm K.D. Floate Lethbridge Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Box 3000, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, [email protected]

Grasslands National Park is lo cated in south - lived here, evolv ing a lifestyle cen tred on the west Saskatch e wan on the Canada/US border. It great herds of bi son. Sit ting Bull and his Sioux fol - was created to protect one of the larg est pieces of lowers took ref uge here from the U.S. Army after un dis turbed mixed-grass prairie in North Amer - the bat tle of the Lit tle Bighorn in 1876. The North ica. West Mounted Police and Euro pean set tle ment fol- lowed. The Park is a ‘work-in-progress’. It will even- tually cover 900 square kilometres (350 square Large cat tle oper a tions were es tab lished in miles) in two blocks of land along the Can ada - the late 1800s. The Homesteading Act of 1908 U.S. border in south west ern Sas katch e wan. The closed the open range in favour of farming. Cat tle fed eral gov ern ment purchases the land on a will- were fenced in and ranch ing lost some of its free- ing-seller/willing buyer ba sis. There is no expro - dom forever. The weathered remains of long aban - pri a tion. As of 1996, the national park owned a doned homesteads stand tes ta ment to those early total of 450 square kilometres (175 sq. mi.) in at tempts to adapt to a de mand ing envi ron ment. both the East and West blocks. The ranch ers and homestead ers who perse vered, com bined farming, ranch ing and coun try hospi tal - The Park is home to a unique blend of prai - ity to cre ate the prairie com mu ni ties surround ing rie-adapted com mon and endan gered spe cies from the park today. the prong horn, sage grouse, bur row ing owl, and ferruginous hawk to the prairie rattle snake and The Ento mo log i cal Soci ety of Saskatch e wan eastern short-horned lizard. It is the only place in made collec tions of ar thro pods in the park from Canada where col o nies of black-tailed prairie 1987 to 1990 that to taled more than 300 identi fied dogs can be found in their native habi tat. species plus addi tional uniden ti fied mate rial. This col lec tion was turned over to the park in April, Remnant teepee rings, projec tile points and 1993 and now resides at the Park Inter pre ta tion other arti facts in di cate that the Plains In di ans Centre at Val Ma rie, Sas katch e wan. Col lec tions from the area in clude 33 spe cies of Acrididae (rep - resent ing about half of the spe cies known from the province), two spe cies of solpugids, and spe - cies of spiders that appear to be indig e nous to the Great Plains. More recent collec tions have been made by V.M. Behan-Pelletier (Agri cul ture and Agri-Food Canada) and A.T. Finnamore (Pro vin - cial Mu seum of Alberta).

In for ma tion on Grasslands National Park is provided by Parks Can ada on the Internet at: Badlands and rock for ma tions in Grasslands Na tional http://parkscanada.pch.gc.ca/parks/saskatch e - Park (A. Cornellier) wan/grasslands/grass lands_e.htm

Arthropods of Canadian Grasslands 23

Some recent publications

Insects of the Yukon

This book contains use ful ref er ence to grass - lack ex act iden ti fi ca tion, so their zooge og ra phy re- lands and their arthro pods, nota bly in the two mains to be ana lyzed. chapters on leafhoppers and on true bugs, which The zoogeo graphic his tory of the var i ous em pha size the im por tance of dry grass lands es pe - faunistic el e ments is discussed with ref er ence to feed- cially on south-facing slopes. ing habi tats and the past and present veg e ta tion of the Pa cific Northwest. This paper also contains records of Scudder, G.G.E. 1997. True bugs (Heteroptera) 28 spe cies new to Alaska and 6 spe cies new to Can ada. of the Yukon. Pp. 241–336 in H.V. Danks and Ad di tional re cords of Heteroptera new to vari ous prov - J.A. Downes (Eds.), Insects of the Yukon. inces of Canada are re corded in a tab u lar format. Biological Survey of Canada Monograph 2. The Heteroptera show a distinct atten u a tion of the fauna as one pro ceeds north ward, with 205 spe cies in Abstract . So far, 216 spe cies or subspe cies of the southern Yukon, and only 5 spe cies in the arc tic Heteroptera, belong ing to 19 fami lies, are re corded coastal region. Most of the Heteroptera in the Yu kon from the Yukon, about half of these re ported here for are widely distrib uted in the terri tory, with very few lo - the first time. This to tal rep re sents 5.6% of the North calized and closely tied to a spe cific hab i tat. How ever, Ameri can heteropteran fauna, and 17.1% of the Ca na- there is a group of spe cies closely asso ci ated with the dian true bug fauna. It is composed of 4 (1.8%) xeric Arte mi sia frigida - grass com mu nity found on semiaquatic, 12 (5.6%) aquatic, and 200 (92.6%) ter res - south-facing slopes along the Yu kon drainage sys tem trial species. and scattered lo cal i ties else where. Thirteen dif fer ent faunistic el e ments are rec og - Sixty-one Heteroptera are pred a tors, consti tut ing nized within the true bugs in the Yukon. Spe cies that 28.2% of the Yu kon bug fauna. Most phytophagous oc cur in both Palaearctic and Nearc tic re gions are a sig - species are polyphagous and asso ci ated with her ba - nif i cant compo nent, with 61 spe cies (28.2%) involv ing ceous vege ta tion. Nev er the less, Salix, Pinus and Picea 5 faunistic el e ments: Circumboreal or near are the main host gen era for the Heteroptera of the Yu - Circumboreal with 44 spe cies (20.4%), kon. Wing poly mor phism and flightlessness oc curs in Palaearctic-East Beringian with 7 spe cies (3.2%), 33 spe cies (15.3%) of the heteropteran fauna. Ten Palaearctic-Western Nearc tic with 7 spe cies (3.2%), (4.6%) of the spe cies ex hibit myrmecomorphy, and 2 Palaearctic-Cordilleran with 2 spe cies (0.9%) and species (0.9%) are aposematic. East-West Beringian with just one spe cies (0.5%). The 141 ex clu sively Nearc tic spe cies consti tute 65.3% of Hamilton, K.G.A. 1997. Leafhoppers the fauna. Eight faunistic el e ments are recog nized (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) of the Yukon: within this compo nent: Nearc tic includ ing Beringian dispersal and endemism. Pp. 337–375 in H.V. with 68 spe cies (31.5%), Nearc tic exclud ing Beringia Danks and J.A. Downes (Eds.), Insects of the with 22 spe cies (10.2%), Western Nearc tic in clud ing Beringian with 13 spe cies (6.0%), Western Nearc tic ex - Yukon. Biological Survey of Canada cluding Beringia with 11 spe cies (5.1%), Cordilleran Monograph 2. includ ing Beringian with 12 spe cies (5.6%), Cordilleran exclud ing Beringia with 11 spe cies (5.1%), Abstract . The Yu kon leafhopper fauna in cludes 145 Sub arc tic with 2 spe cies (0.9%) and East Beringian en- species, of which 80 are new records; 21 other spe cies demic with 2 spe cies (0.9%). Five species, consti tut ing from ad ja cent areas proba bly occur there. Most are bo - 2.3% of the Yu kon fauna, are consid ered to be long to a real spe cies of the Nearc tic region, with a smaller, Nearctic-Neotropical el e ment, with one spe cies con sti- mainly Holarctic com po nent that inhab its the trundra. tut ing a pos si ble Asian el e ment. Sev eral spe cies still Sev en teen are Beringian endemic species, and 8 are north west ern plains spe cies re stricted to intermontane val leys; these 25 spe cies prob a bly sur vived the Pleis to-

Number 6, 2000 24

cene mainly in 2 areas of the Yu kon: 6 spe cies centre dunes, and has a subspe cies around the Great Lakes. on the unglaciated arc tic plain, and 18 are found along Postglacial dis persal has usually been slow; most the Yu kon River system, where they may have sur- wide-ranging spe cies have not crosssed the en tire conti - vived the glacial pe riod on sun-warmed south-facing nent in ei ther di rec tion, and a third of the arc tic/sub arc- bluffs. The last of these inhab its the Carcross sand tic fauna has not even crossed the Macken zie River.

Invertebrates of wetlands

Among many use ful chapters in the recent wetland classes. These wetlands possess unique treatment of inver te brates in freshwa ter wetlands environmental and biotic characteristics that add to the of North Amer ica is an account of inver te brates of overall regional diversity and production of aquatic prai rie potholes. invertebrates and the vertebrate wildlife that depend upon them as food. Climatic extremes in the PPR have Euliss, N.H., Jr., D.M. Mushet, and D.A. a profound and dynamic influence on wetland hydrology, hydroperiod, chemistry, and ultimately the Wrubleski. 1999. Wetlands of the Prairie biota. Available knowledge of aquatic invertebrates in Pothole Region: Invertebrate species the PPR suggests that diversity of invertebrates within composition, ecology, and management. each wetland class is low. Chap. 21, pp. 471–514 in D.P. Batzer, R.B. Harsh en vi ron men tal con di tions range from frigid Rader and S.A. Wissinger (Eds.), win ter tem per a tures that freeze wetlands and their sedi - Invertebrates in Freshwater Wetlands of North ments to hot summer temper a tures and drought con di- America: Ecology and Management. Wiley, tions that cre ate steep salin ity gradi ents and season ally New York. dry habi tats. Con se quently, the inver te brate com mu- nity is com posed mostly of eco log i cal gen er al ists that Abstract. The Prairie Pothole Region (PPR) of the possess the nec es sary ad ap ta tions to tol er ate en vi ron- United States and Canada is a unique area where men tal extremes. In this review, we de scribe the highly shallow depressions created by the scouring action of dynamic na ture of prairie pothole wetlands and sug gest Pleistocene glaciation interact with mid-continental that in ver te brate stud ies be eval u ated within a concep - climate variations to create and maintain a variety of tual frame work that consid ers impor tant hydrologic, chemi cal, and cli ma tic events.

British Columbia Habitat Atlas

A habi tat at las for wildlife at risk in parts of Habitat Atlas for Wildlife at Risk in the South B.C. pro vides one means for habi tat protec tion Okanagan and Lower Similkameen”. B.C. (see p. 1) Ministry of Environment, Lands & Parks. ISBN 0-7726-3720-2. [Obtainable at a cost of MELP (Brit ish Co lum bia Minis try of $20 from B.C. Environment Office, 201-3547 Envi ron ment, Lands and Parks). 1998. “The Skaha Lake Road, Penticton, B.C. V2A 7K2]

Arthropods of Canadian Grasslands 25

Mailing list for the grass lands newsletter

Barry Ad ams Guy Boivin Syd ney Cannings Pub lic Lands Divi sion Centre de Re cher che et de Resource Inven tory Branch, Al berta Ag ri cul ture, Food and Rural Développement en Hor ti cul ture Minis try of En vi ron ment, Lands De vel op ment Ag ri cul ture et Agro-alimentaire and Parks #100, 5401 1st Ave. S. Can ada B.C. Conser va tion Data Centre Lethbridge, AB T1J 4V6 430 Boul. Gouin PO Box 9344 Stn. Prov. Govt. St.-Jean-sur-Richelieu, QC J3B 3E6 Victo ria , BC V8W 9M1 C. Aitchison 4664 Spurraway Rd. Stepha nie Boucher Rob ert Cannings Kamloops, BC V2H 1M7 Depart ment of Nat u ral Resource Nat u ral His tory Sec tion Sci ences Royal Brit ish Colum bia Museum Rob ert Ander son McGill Univer sity P.O. Box 9815, Stn. Prov. Govt. Research Divi sion 21111 Lakeshore Dr. Victo ria , BC V8W 9W2 Ca na dian Museum of Nature Macdon ald Campus P.O. Box 3443, Sta tion “D” Ste.-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X Héctor Cárcamo Ot tawa, ON K1P 6P4 3V9 Lethbridge Research Centre Ag ri cul ture and Agri-Food Canada George Ball Rob Bourchier P.O. Box 3000 De part ment of Bi o log i cal Sci ences Lethbridge Research Centre Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1 Uni ver sity of AB Ag ri cul ture and Agri-Food Canada CW 405 Bio log i cal Science Centre Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1 Ralph Cartar Ed mon ton, AB T6G 2E9 Depart ment of Bi o log i cal Sciences Eleanor Bowie Uni ver sity of Lethbridge Valerie Behan-Pelletier The Great Sand Hills Planning 4401 Uni ver sity Dr. East ern Ce real and Oilseed District Commission Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4 Research Centre c/o R.M. Of Piapot Ag ri cul ture and Agri-Food Canada Box 100 Helène Chiasson Ot tawa, ON K1A 0C6 Piapot, SK S0N 1Y0 Le Groupe H.C. 10625 Des Prairies Robb Bennett Brian Brown Montréal, QC H2B 2K7 Silviculture Branch Ento mol ogy Sec tion B.C. Minis try of Forests Nat u ral His tory Museum of Los M. Jill Clapperton 7380 Puckle Rd. An geles County Lethbridge Research Centre Saanichton, BC V8M 1W4 900 Ex po si tion Blvd. Ag ri cul ture and Agri-Food Canada Los Angeles , CA 90007 PO Box 3000 Da vid Blades Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1 De part ment of En to mol ogy Chris Buddle Royal Brit ish Colum bia Mu seum Depart ment of Bio log i cal Sci ences Daniel Coderre PO Box 9815 Stn Prov Govt Uni ver sity of Alberta Département des Sci ences Victo ria , BC V8W 9W2 Ed mon ton, AB T6G 2E9 biologiques Université du Québec à Montréal C.P. 8888, Succ. Centre Ville Montréal, QC H3C 3P8

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Murray Colbo Lloyd Dosdall Kenneth Fry De part ment of Biol ogy Pest Preven tion and Manage ment Pest Man age ment Me mo rial Uni ver sity of Unit AB Research Coun cil New found land AB Agri cul ture, Food and Rural Bag 4000 St. John’s, NF A1B 3X9 De vel op ment Vegreville, AB T9C 1T4 7000 - 113 St., Room 304 Vanessa Crecco Ed mon ton, AB T6H 5T6 Terry Gal lo way De part ment of Nat u ral Resource Depart ment of Ento mol ogy Sci ences Ento mol ogy Research Library Uni ver sity of Man i toba McGill Univer sity Ag ri cul ture and Agri-Food Canada Win ni peg, MB R3T 2N2 21,111 Lakeshore Dr. K.W. Neatby Building, Room 4061 Macdon ald Campus Ot tawa, ON K1A 0C6 Donna Giberson Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X Depart ment of Biol ogy 3V9 W.G. Ev ans Uni ver sity of Prince Edward Is land Depart ment of Bio log i cal Sci ences 550 Univer sity Ave. Douglas Cur rie Uni ver sity of Alberta Char lotte town, PE C1A 4P3 Cen tre for Biodiversity and Ed mon ton, AB T6G 2E3 Conser va tion Biol ogy Gary Gib son Royal On tario Museum Pat Fargey East ern Ce real and Oilseed 100 Queen’s Park Grasslands National Park Re search Centre To ronto, ON M5S 2C6 P.O. Box 150 Ag ri cul ture and Agri-Food Canada Val Marie, SK S0N 2T0 Ot tawa, ON K1A 0C6 Brenda Dale Ca na dian Wild life Ser vice Al bert Finnamore Bruce Gill Envi ron ment Canada Pro vin cial Museum of AB Ento mol ogy Unit, Centre for Plant 200 - 4999 98th Ave. 12845 - 102nd Ave. Quaran tine Pests Ed mon ton, AB Ed mon ton, AB T5N 0M6 Cana dian Food Inspec tion Agency T6B 2X3 Ot tawa, ON K1A 0C6 Kevin Floate Hugh Danks Lethbridge Research Centre Rob ert Gordon Bio log i cal Survey of Canada Ag ri cul ture and Agri-Food Canada P.O. Box 65 (Terres trial Arthro pods) Livestock Sec tion Wil low City, ND 58384 Ca na dian Museum of Nature P.O. Box 3000 P.O. Box 3443, Sta tion “D” Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1 Henri Goulet Ot tawa, ON K1P 6P4 East ern Ce real and Oilseed Rob ert Foottit Re search Centre Diane Debinski East ern Ce real and Oilseed Ag ri cul ture and Agri-Food Canada De part ment of An i mal Ecol ogy Re search Centre Ot tawa, ON K1A 0C6 Iowa State Univer sity Ag ri cul ture and Agri-Food Canada 124 Science II Ot tawa, ON K1A 0C6 Larry Grenkow Ames, IA 50011 Ag ri cul ture and Agri-Food Canada Bruce Ford 107 Science Place Rosemarie DeClerck-Floate Depart ment of Botany Saskatoon, SK S7N 0X7 Lethbridge Research Centre Uni ver sity of Mani toba Ag ri cul ture and Agri-Food Canada Win ni peg, MB R3T 2N2 Gra ham Griffiths P.O. Box 3000 117 Collingwood Cove Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1 51551 Range Road 212A Sherwood Park, AB T8G 1B2

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K.G. Andrew Hamil ton Dan John son Laurent LeSage East ern Ce real and Oilseed Lethbridge Research Centre East ern Ce real and Oilseed Research Centre Ag ri cul ture and Agri-Food Canada Re search Centre Ag ri cul ture and Agri-Food Canada P.O. Box 3000 Ag ri cul ture and Agri-Food Canada Ot tawa, ON K1A 0C6 Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1 Ot tawa, ON K1A 0C6

Rudolf Harmsen James W. Jones Da vid Lewis De part ment of Biol ogy Agronomy Centre Depart ment of Nat u ral Resource Queen’s Univer sity AB Agri cul ture, Food and Rural Sci ences Kingston, ON K7L 3N6 De vel op ment McGill Univer sity 6903 - 116 Street Macdon ald Cam pus Wayne Harris Ed mon ton, AB T6H 4P2 21,111 Lakeshore Rd. The Great Sand Hills Planning Ste.-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X District Commission Derrick Kanashiro 3V9 c/o R.M. of Piapot Lethbridge Research Centre Box 100 Ag ri cul ture and Agri-Food Canada Evert Lindquist Piapot, SK S0N 1Y0 PO Box 3000 East ern Ce real and Oilseed Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1 Re search Centre Richard Henderson Ag ri cul ture and Agri-Food Canada WI DNR Research Center Pe ter Kevan Ot tawa, ON K1A 0C6 1350 Femrite Dr. Depart ment of En vi ron men tal Monona, WI 53717 Bi ol ogy Rob ert Longair Uni ver sity of Guelph Depart ment of Bi o log i cal Sciences Don Henne Guelph, ON N1G 2W1 Uni ver sity of Calgary De part ment of En to mol ogy 2500 Uni ver sity Dr. N.W. 402 Life Sciences Building Rob ert Lamb Calgary , AB T2N 1N4 Louisiana State University Cereal Research Centre Agricultural Center Ag ri cul ture and Agri-Food Canada Patri cia Mackay Baton Rouge, LA 70803-1710 195 Dafoe Rd. Depart ment of Ento mol ogy Win ni peg, MB R3T 2M9 Uni ver sity of Man i toba Neil Holliday Win ni peg, MB R3T 2N2 De part ment of En to mol ogy Ber nard Lan dry Uni ver sity of Man i toba 18 rue Washington Ste phen MacLean, Jr. Win ni peg, MB R3T 2N2 Aylmer, QC J9H 4B9 Depart ment of Bi o log i cal Sciences Uni ver sity of Alaska Rob ert Holmberg Jean-François Lan dry Fairbanks , AK 99701 Cen tre for Nat u ral and Hu man East ern Ce real and Oilseed Sci ence Re search Centre Steve Mar shall Athabasca Univer sity Ag ri cul ture and Agri-Food Canada Depart ment of En vi ron men tal Athabasca, AB T9S 1A1 Ot tawa, ON K1A 0C6 Bi ol ogy Uni ver sity of Guelph Lee Humble Da vid Larson Guelph, ON N1G 2W1 Ca na dian For est Ser vice Depart ment of Bi ol ogy Nat u ral Re sources Canada Me mo rial Univer sity of Malcolm Martin 507 West Burnside Road New found land 9194 Binns Rd. Victo ria , BC V8Z 1M5 St. John’s, NF A1B 3X9 Vernon, BC V1B 3B7

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Lubomir Masner Rod Penner Mi chael Sharkey East ern Ce real and Oilseed Liv ing Prairie Museum De part ment of Ento mol ogy Research Centre 2795 Ness Av e nue Uni ver sity of Kentucky Ag ri cul ture and Agri-Food Canada Win ni peg, MB R3J 3S4 5 - 225 Ag ri cul tural Science Center Ot tawa, ON K1A 0C6 North Ted Pike Lexington, KY 40546-0091 Pe ter Mason Depart ment of Bio log i cal Sci ences East ern Ce real and Oilseed Uni ver sity of Calgary Jo seph D. Shorthouse Research Centre Calgary , AB T2N 1N4 De part ment of Biol ogy Ag ri cul ture and Agri-Food Canada Lau ren tian Univer sity Ot tawa, ON K1A 0C6 Darren Pollock Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6 Depart ment of Ento mol ogy Alec McClay Uni ver sity of Man i toba Ian Smith Al berta Research Coun cil Win ni peg, MB R3T 2N2 East ern Ce real and Oilseed Bag 4000 Research Centre Vegreville, AB T9C 1T4 Da vid Rider Ag ri cul ture and Agri-Food Canada Depart ment of Ento mol ogy Ot tawa, ON K1A 0C6 Ernest Mengersen North Dakota State Univer sity Horti cul ture Hultz Hall, Box 5346 Rob Smith Olds Col lege Fargo, ND 58105 Atlan tic Food and Hor ti cul ture 4500 - 50 Street Research Centre Olds, AB T4H 1R6 Richard Ring Ag ri cul ture and Agri-Food Canada Depart ment of Bi ol ogy 32 Main St. Vincent Nealis Uni ver sity of Vic to ria Kentville, NS B4N 1J5 Ca na dian Forest Ser vice Victo ria , BC V8W 2Y2 Nat u ral Re sources Canada John Spence P.O. Box 490 Rob Roughley De part ment of Bi o log i cal Sciences Sault Ste. Marie , ON P6A 5M7 Depart ment of Ento mol ogy Uni ver sity of AB Uni ver sity of Man i toba Bio log i cal Sci ences Build ing James O’Hara Win ni peg, MB R3T 2N2 Ed mon ton, AB T6G 2E9 East ern Ce real and Oilseed Research Centre Colin Schmidt Fe lix Sperling Ag ri cul ture and Agri-Food Canada Grasslands National Park De part ment of Bi o log i cal Sciences Ot tawa, ON K1A 0C6 P.O. Box 150 Uni ver sity of Alberta Val Marie, SK S0N 2T0 Ed mon ton, AB T6G 2E9 Laurence Packer De part ment of Biol ogy Mi chael Schwartz Paul Tinerella York Univer sity East ern Ce real and Oilseed De part ment of Ento mol ogy 4700 Keele Street Re search Centre North Da kota State Univer sity North York, ON M3J 1P3 Ag ri cul ture and Agri-Food Canada 202 Hultz Hall, Uni ver sity Sta tion Ot tawa, ON K1A 0C6 Fargo, ND 58105 Stewart Peck De part ment of Biol ogy Geoffrey Scudder Alan Tomlin Carleton Univer sity Depart ment of Zool ogy Pest Man age ment Research Centre 1125 Colo nel By Dr. Uni ver sity of Brit ish Colum bia Ag ri cul ture and Agri-Food Canada Ot tawa, ON K1S 5B6 Van cou ver, BC V6T 1Z4 1391 Sand ford St. London , ON N5V 4T3

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Bill Turnock Terry Wheeler Barry Wright 28 Vas sar Road Depart ment of Nat u ral Resource Depart ment of Zool ogy Win ni peg, MB R3T 3M9 Sci ences Nova Sco tia Museum of Nat u ral McGill Univer sity History Kevin Van Tighem Macdon ald Campus 1747 Summer St. Waterton / Bar U Field Unit 21,111 Lakeshore Rd. Hal i fax, NS B0J 2C0 Parks Canada Ste.-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X Site 4 - RR #1 3V9 Dale Wrubleski Fort Sas katch e wan, AB T8L 2N7 Insti tute for Wet land and Water fowl Karen White Re search Da vid Voegtlin Uni ver sity of Lethbridge Ducks Un lim ited Canada Cen ter for Biodiversity 4401 Univer sity Dr. P.O. Box 1160 Illi nois Nat u ral His tory Sur vey Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4 Stone wall, MB R0C 2Z0 Cham paign, IL 61820-6970 Wal ter Willms Daniel Young Richard Westwood Lethbridge Research Centre Depart ment of Ento mol ogy Cen tre for In ter dis ci plin ary For est Ag ri cul ture and Agri-Food Canada Uni ver sity of Wis con sin Research PO Box 3000 1630 Lin den Drive Uni ver sity of Win ni peg Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1 Madi son , WI 53706 515 Por tage Ave. Win ni peg, MB R3B 2E9

Please send ad di tions or correc tions to this mail ing list to:

Secre tar iat Bio log i cal Survey of Canada (Terrestrial Arthropods) Canadian Museum of Nature P.O. Box 3443, Station ‘D’ Ottawa, ON K1P 6P4 Canada fax: 613-364-4021; email: [email protected]

Number 6, 2000