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The Larval Development of Chirostylus Stellaris Osawa, 2007 (Crustacea: Anomura: Chirostylidae) Described from Laboratory Reared Material

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The Larval Development of Chirostylus Stellaris Osawa, 2007 (Crustacea: Anomura: Chirostylidae) Described from Laboratory Reared Material CRUSTACEAN RESEARCH, NO. 39: 5355 - 64,66 2010 55 The larval development of Chirostylus stellaris Osawa, 2007 (Crustacea: Anomura: Chirostylidae) described from laboratory reared material Yoshihisa Fujita & Paul F. Clark Abstract.– T h e c o m p l e t e l a r v a l a complete larval description of all stages, development of the anomuran chirostylid, discuss the significance of larval appendage Chirostylus stellaris Osawa, 2007, is morphology described and compare described and illustrated from laboratory- Chirostylus larval characters with other reared material. This species has two chirostylid genera including Gastroptychus zoeal stages and one megalop. The zoeal Caullery, 1896, Uroptychus Henderson, 1888 phase was completed within 48 hours and and Eumunida Smith, 1883. the megalopl phase lasted approximately three weeks. The setae on the coxal, Materials and Methods basial and endopodal segments of the maxillule, maxilla, first maxilliped and An ovigerous Chirostylus stellaris was second maxilliped were absent in zoeal collected from Cape Maeda-misaki, Okinawa stages suggesting that they did not feed Island, Ryukyu Islands on 21 June 2003. The during this phase. In fact C. stellaris zoeas female was maintained in a 1.4-liter plastic showed lecithotrophic and abbreviated aquarium filled with seawater for about 20 development. The zoeas of Chirostylus days until releasing zoeas on 11 July 2003. are distinguishable from those of other Nine zoeas were kept individually in 50 ml chirostylid genera such as Gastroptychus, glass beakers to determine the number of Uroptychus, and Eumunida. However, no larval stages and their duration. The salinity significant differences were found among and water temperature of the seawater were zoeas of three Chirostylus species including 34.5–35.0 PSU and 26.0–27.0ºC, respectively. C. ortmanni, C. sandyi and C. stellaris. The zoeas did not feed. Megalops were fed freshly hatched Artemia sp. nauplii and commercial tropical fish food (“TetraMin”, Introduction Spectrum Brands, Inc.). Chirostylus Ortmann, 1892 now contains The larvae were fixed and preserved in seven species, all from the Indo-Pacific 50 % ethylene glycol for morphological (Baba, 2009). However, larval information observations. Dissections and measurements of Chirostylus is known only from the first were carried out under a Nikon SMZ- zoeas of two species: Chirostylus dolichopus 1000 binocular microscope by using fine Ortmann, 1892, reported by Ogawa & entomological needles. Drawings were made Matsuzaki (1992) (= currently C. ortmanni using a NIKON OPTIPHOT-2 microscope. Miyake & Baba, 1968; see Osawa & Zoeal appendages were described based on Nishikiori, 1998) and C. ortmanni reported the malacostracan somite plan, from anterior by Clark & Ng (2008) (=currently C. sandyi to posterior as described by Clark et al. (1998). Baba, 2009). Recently an ovigerous female of Carapace length (CL) was measured from C. stellaris Osawa, 2007 was collected from the basal part of the rostrum to the posterior the Ryukyu Islands, Japan and transported to midpoint of the carapace for zoeas, and laboratory where the larvae were reared to from the tip of the rostrum to the posterior first crab stage. midpoint of the carapace for megalop. The The purpose of this study is to provide measurements of the antennal endopod and 5654 Y. FUJITA & P. F. CLARK Fig. 1. Chirostylus stellaris Osawa, 2007. Survival and duration of larval stages reared under laboratory conditions at 26.0–27.0°C in seawater. protopodal process each were taken from its after the 22nd day. base to the tip. Setal terminology generally follows Ingle (1991). Description of larvae The spent female (the paratype of Chirostylus stellaris Osawa, 2007 Chirostylus stellaris) was deposited in the (Figs. 2–6) Coastal Branch of Natural History Museum First zoea and Institute, Chiba (CMNH-ZC 2134) (see Material examined: 2 specimens (including Osawa, 2007). The complete larval series one exuvia). (dissected and undissected specimens) was Size: CL 1.22 mm. deposited in the Ryukyu University Museum, Carapace (Fig. 2A, B, C): multispinulate Fujukan, Okinawa, Japan (RUMF) under (approximately 62 spines) globose carapace; the following registration numbers: RUMF- prominent, extremely long dorsal and lateral ZC-01229–01230 for first and second zoeas, spines absent; rostral spine present and RUMF-ZC-01231 for megalops. spinulate, subequal to antennal protopod in length; anterodorsal and posterodorsal setae absent; ventral margin without setae; eyes Results sessile. The larval development of Chirostylus Antennule (Fig. 3A): biramous; peduncle stellaris comprised two zoeal, indicating unsegmented; endopod unarticulated, abbreviated development, and one megalopal unsegmented, without setae; exopod stage. The first zoea molted within 12 hours to unsegmented, with 3 proximal, 3 (1+2) second stage zoea, then after 48 hours all the median and 5 terminal aesthetascs. second stage zoea metamorphosed to megalop Antenna (Fig. 3B): biramous; protopod (Fig. 1). The maximum duration of the zoeal with distally multispinulate process; endopod phase was 48 hours after hatching. The first with 2 terminal denticles, length about half megalop appeared approximately 36 hours (52%) that of protopodal process. after the female released the first stage zoeas. Mandible: (Fig. 3C): Almost symmetrical; The megalopal phase lasted approximately 15 incisor margins smooth; unsegmented palp days until the first juvenile crab was observed. bud present. No megalops were observed in the laboratory Maxillule (Fig. 3D): coxal and basial LARVAL DEVELOPMENT OF CHIROSTYLUS STELLARIS 5557 Fig. 2. Chirostylus stellaris Osawa, 2007, first zoea. A, lateral; B, carapace, abdomen, and telson, dorsal; C, rostrum, dorsal; D, posterior margin of telson, dorsal. Scale bars: a, b = 0.5 mm; c, d = 0.1 mm. endites lacking setae, with some minute with that of maxilliped 1, unsegmented, protuberances; endopod unsegmented, devoid of setae; exopod 2-segmented with 4 without setae. long plumose natatory setae. Maxilla (Fig. 3E): coxal and basial endites Third maxilliped (Fig. 3H): biramous; weakly bilobed, without setae; endopod endopod unsegmented, without setae; exopod not segmented, without setae; exopod unsegmented, without setae. (scaphognathite) margin with 19–22 setae of Pereopods (Fig. 3I): pereopods 1–5 various lengths. present, with some incomplete segmentation; First maxilliped (Fig. 3F): coxa and basis pereopods 1–4 with simple pair of gill without setae; endopod arising from midpoint buds; pereopod 1 chelate; pereopod 5 small, of basis, relatively short compared with that markedly shorter than pereopod 1–4, not of maxilliped 2, unsegmented, devoid of chelate, but weakly bifid distally. setae; exopod 2-segmented, terminal segment Abdomen (Figs. 2A, B): 5 somites and with 4 long plumose natatory setae. telson; somite 1 unarmed; somite 2 with Second maxilliped (Fig. 3G): coxa and 1 posteromedian spine; somites 3–5 each basis without setae; endopod arising from with 1 posteromedian spine and pair of midpoint of basis, relatively long compared posterolateral spines; somite 6 fused to telson, 5856 Y. FUJITA & P. F. CLARK Fig. 3. Chirostylus stellaris Osawa, 2007, first zoea. A, antennule; B, antenna; C, mandibles (r, right side; l, left side); D, maxillule; E, maxilla; F, first maxilliped; G, second maxilliped; H, third maxilliped; I, pereopods; J, pleopod 2; K, pleopod 3; L, pleopod 4; M, pleopod 5; N, uropod. Scale bars = 0.1mm. with 2 posterolateral spines; all these spines biramous uropod present on undifferentiated perpendicular to dorsal surface; biramous somites 6 (Fig. 3N), endopod and exopod pleopods present on somites 2–5 (Fig. 3J- without marginal setae, but with some minute M), endopods and exopods both naked; protuberances present. LARVAL DEVELOPMENT OF CHIROSTYLUS STELLARIS 5759 Fig. 4. Chirostylus stellaris Osawa, 2007, second zoea. A, lateral; B, antennule; C, antenna; D, mandibles (r, right side; l, left side); E, maxillule; F, maxilla; G, first maxilliped; H, second maxilliped; I, third maxilliped; J, pereopods; K, pleopod 2; L, pleopod 3; M, pleopod 4; N, pleopod 5; O, uropod. Scale bars: A = 0.5mm; B-O = 0.1mm. Telson (Fig. 2B, 2D): broadened posteriorly; lateral margin with 3 pairs of Second zoea strong spines; posterior margin with 6 pairs Material examined: 2 specimens (including of spinulose spines, 4 lateral strong, 2 mesial one exuvia). fine; anomuran seta (hair) absent. Size: CL 1.25 mm. Carapace (Fig. 4A): eyes stalked; 6058 Y. FUJITA & P. F. CLARK Fig. 5. Chirostylus stellaris Osawa, 2007, megalop. A, dorsal; B, thoracic sternites, ventral; C, abdomens, lateral; D, pereopod 1, chela; E, pereopod 2, propodus, dactylus; F, pereopod 5, propodus, dactylus; G, pleopod 2; H, pleopod 3; I, pleopod 4; J, pleopod 5; K, uropod. Scale bars: A = 0.5mm; B-K = 0.1mm. LARVAL DEVELOPMENT OF CHIROSTYLUS STELLARIS 5961 Fig. 6. Chirostylus stellaris Osawa, 2007, megalop. A, antennule; B, antenna; C, mandibles; D, maxillule; E, maxilla; F, first maxilliped; G, second maxilliped; H, third maxilliped. Scale bars = 0.1mm. otherwise unchanged. (approximately 50%) of protopodal process; A ntennule (Fig. 4B): peduncle otherwise unchanged. 3-segmented, proximal segment bearing Mandible: (Fig. 4D): unchanged. a small opening of statocyst; second and Maxillule (Fig. 4E): bud of seta present third segments without setae; endopod on proximal part of basial endite; otherwise incompletely articulated with peduncle; unchanged. exopod 3-segmented, with 3 proximal,
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