GRAND TEST -01 R.C. Reddy IAS Study Circle GENERAL STUDIES Key with Explanation 1D buffaloes, yoked together, were made to run at Statement 1 is incorrect: Seats alloted to the top speed down a muddy, water-filled route. They Provinces and Princely States in proportion to were guided and whipped along by a man who their respective population and not area. ran with them. Statement 2 is incorrect: Seats allocated to each 7D British Province were to be decided among Bernoulli's Principle has common several Muslims, Sikhs and general (all except Muslims various modern day applications in the world and Sikhs). around us. The Magnus Effect is, in fact, a 2A special case of Bernoulli's principle which Gaidinliu (1915-1993) was a Naga spiritual and states that "an increase in the speed of a fluid political leader who led a revolt against British occurs simultaneously with a decrease in rule in . At the age of 13, she joined the pressure or a decrease in the fluid's potential Heraka religious movement of her cousin energy". One of the most common everyday Haipou Jadonang. The movement later turned applications of Bernoulli's principle is in into a political movement seeking to drive out airflight. Bernoulli's principle is also the the British from and the surrounding governing theory that is behind sailing. Naga areas. 8D 3B DigiLocker is a flagship initiative of Ministry of Refer map Electronics & IT (MeitY) under Digital India programme. DigiLocker aims at 'Digital 4C Empowerment' of citizen by providing access Shares can be either outstanding or treasury. to authentic digital documents to citizen's Outstanding shares are those issued by a digital document wallet. The issued documents company and purchased by investors. Treasury in DigiLocker system are deemed to be at par shares are held by company themselves. with original physical documents as per Rule Statement a) is false as it talks about total 9A of the Information Technology (Preservation shares. and Retention of Information by Intermediaries 5D providing Digital Locker facilities) Rules, 2016 Forest fires always start by one of two ways - notified on February 8, 2017 vide G.S.R. 711(E). naturally caused or human caused. Natural fires Scheme: are generally started by lightning, volcanoes, ● Targeted at the idea of paperless governance, rolling stones giving off sparks and friction due DigiLocker is a platform for issuance and to swaying of bamboos by winds. Shifting verification of documents & certificates in a cultivation is an anthropogenic cause of forest digital way, thus eliminating the use of physical fires. R.C. Reddy I.A.S. documentsStudy Circle 6C ● A secure dedicated personal electronic space After protests in managed to achieve for storing the documents of resident Indian a reversal of the ban on bull-taming sport citizens. Jallikattu, many in are making ● The storage space (maximum 1GB) is linked similar demand on Kambala -- a traditional to the Aadhar number of the user. sport in which water buffaloes are made to race ● The space can be utilized for storing personal down a track filled with mud and water. Under documents like University certificates, PAN the same order in 2014, the Supreme Court had cards, voter id cards, etc., and the URI's of the banned both Jallikattu and Kambala following e-documents issued by various issuer complaints by animal welfare groups, which had pointed to the cruelty and stress inflicted on departments. the animals in both sports. Kambala used to eSign is an online electronic signature service be held in coastal regions of Karnataka. It was in India to facilitate an Aadhaar holder to especially popular in Udupi and Dakshina digitally sign a document. The signature service Kannada districts. In Kambala, two water is facilitated by authenticating the Aadhar

R.C. Reddy IAS Study Circle 1 holder via the Aadhar-based e-KYC (electronic 14 B Know Your Customer) service. Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana: The 9B objective of this Scheme is to encourage skill development for youth by providing monetary Scientists using data from NASA's Interstellar rewards for successful completion of approved Boundary Explorer (IBEX) have pinned down an training programs. interstellar magnetic field which lies at the very edge of the giant magnetic bubble surrounding Nai Manzil: A bridge course to bridge the our solar system called the heliosphere. academic and skill development gaps of the deeni Madrasa passouts with their mainstream Close to the Sun, the solar wind has a large counterparts. Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Graameen pressure and can easily push the interstellar Kaushalya Yojana: The Ministry of Rural medium away from the Sun. Further away from Development implements DDU-GKY to drive the Sun, the pressure from the interstellar the national agenda for inclusive growth, by medium is strong enough to slow down and developing skills and productive capacity of the eventually stop the flow of solar wind from rural youth from poor families. Support to traveling into its surroundings. The entire area Training & Employment Program (STEP): The or bubble inside the boundary of the solar STEP Programme aims to increase the self- system is called the heliosphere. The place reliance and autonomy of women by enhancing where the solar wind slows down and begins to their productivity and enabling them to take up interact with the interstellar medium is called income generation activities. It provides the heliosheath. training for skill upgraduation to poor and 10 A assetless women in the traditional sector viz. A super-Earth is an extrasolar planet with a agriculture, animal husbandry, dairying, mass higher than Earth's, but substantially fisheries, handlooms, handicrafts, khadi and below the mass of the Solar System's ice giants village industries sericulture, social forestry Uranus and Neptune, which are 15 and 17 Earth and wasteland development. The grant under masses respectively. The term super-Earth the Scheme is given to an institution/ refers only to the mass of the planet, and does organisation including NGOs directly and not not imply anything about the surface conditions the States/ UTs. or habitability. Recently, a new planetary 15 D system that includes three super-Earths and Amur Falcons are the migratory birds that stay one outer giant planet has been discovered by every year at Doyang Lake during their flight astronomers at a distance of just 21 light years from Mongolia to South Africa. The Siberian from Earth. Cranes nest in Yakutia and western Siberia of 11 A Russia and migrate to India. The Keoladeo Habeas corpus can be issued against private Ghana National Park or the Bharatpur National individuals as well. Statement 2 is correct; Park has been declared a world heritage site Statement 3 is correct. Statement 4 Certiorari because the Siberian Crane traverses nearly is not available against legislative bodies. half of the globe to reach it. Asian Koel is not R.C. Reddy I.A.S. Studyindigenous to Circle India - it migrates from Singapore 12 C every year. The summers in Singapore and its Manabendra Nath Roy along with some other surrounding tropical areas is "too hot" for the Indians formed the Communist Party of India Koel and so it migrates to India to get a "cool" in Tashkent, under the auspices of the climate as well as considerable food! The Communist International in 1920. CPI due to migratory brood parasite, which leaves India its allegiance to Russia and China, did not during the winters, is also the state bird of support the Quit India Movement. Pondicherry. Migratory Birds Coming to India 13 D in Winter Season Siberian Cranes, Greater Temperature decreases with altitude in common Flamingo, Ruff, Black winged Stilt, Common conditions but temperature increases with Teal, Common Greenshank, Northern Pintail, altitude in place of decreasing in some Yellow Wagtail, White Wagtail, Northern conditions such as anti cyclone which is called Shoveler, Rosy Pelican, Gadwall, Wood Inversion of Temperature. All statements are Sandpiper, Spotted Sandpiper, Eurasian correct in the context inversion of temperature. Wigeon, Black tailed Godwit, Spotted Redshank,

R.C. Reddy IAS Study Circle 2 Starling, Bluethroat, Long billed Pipit. Migratory Only feasible in space LISA pathfinder is a Birds Coming to India in Summer Season Asian pioneer mission. Not only are these Koel, Black crowned Night Heron, Eurasian technologies new, they cannot be properly Golden Oriole, Comb Duck, Blue cheeked Bee verified on the ground. This is because Earth's Eater, Blue-tailed Bee-Eater, Cuckoos. gravity and environment would hamper the test 16 D results. Sufism promotes tolerance and acceptance of 19 C other religions and points of view. Sufism WTO's Special Safeguard Mechanism (SSM) is stressed the elements of love and devotion as a protection measure allowed for developing effective means of the realization of God. Love countries to take contingency restrictions of God meant love of humanity and so the Sufis against agricultural imports that are harming believed in service to humanity was equal to domestic farmers. The contingency measure is service to God. In Sufism, self-discipline was imposition of tariff if the import surge causes considered an essential condition to gain welfare loss to the domestic poor farmers. The knowledge of God by sense of perception. While design and use of the SSM is an area of conflict orthodox Muslims emphasize external conduct, under the WTO. the Sufis lay stress on inner purity. While the 20 D orthodox believe in blind observance of rigid The Government is developing National rituals, the Sufis consider love and devotion Waterway-1 (NW-1) under the Jal Marg Vikas as the only means of attaining salvation. Project, with assistance from the World Bank. According to them one must have the guidance NW-1 refers to 1620 km Haldia-Allahabad of a pir or guru, without which spiritual stretch of River Ganga. The project will enable development is impossible. Sufism also commercial navigation of 2,000-tonne vessels. inculcated a spirit of tolerance among its The Centre has designated the IWAI as the followers. Other ideas emphasized by Sufism implementing agency for the project. are meditation, good actions, repentance for 21 B sins, performance of prayers and pilgrimages, The words "strive be a good human being" are fasting, charity and suppression of passions. mentioned in the Fundamental duties. 17 D 22 B Digital Radio Mondiale (DRM) is a set of digital In 1929, the Khudai Khidmatgars ("Servants of audio broadcasting technologies designed to God") movement, led by Khan Abdul Ghaffar work over the bands currently used for analogue Khan, was started to oppose the British in radio broadcasting including AM broadcasting, India's Northwest Frontier Province non- particularly shortwave, and FM broadcasting. violently. Ghaffar Khan and the Khudai DRM has the twin capabilities of analogue and Khidmatgar movement inspired thousands of digital transmission, which makes it perfect for Pashtuns (also called Pathans), who were simulcast modes. Amplitude modulation (AM) known as fierce warriors, and others to lay down is a modulation technique used in electronic their arms and use civil resistance to challenge communication. In amplitude modulation, the British rule. Thus only statement 3 is wrong. amplitude (signal strength) of the carrier wave is varied in proportionR.C. to the Reddy waveform being I.A.S.23 DStudy Circle transmitted. In frequency modulation the A submarine canyon is a steep-sided valley cut frequency of the carrier signal is varied, and into the sea floor of the continental slope, phase modulation, in which its phase is varied. sometimes extending well onto the continental Both AM and FM are Analog modulation shelf. Trenches are the zones of subduction, 18 A therefore are associated with volcanoes and strong earthquakes due to faulting and folding ELISA Pathfinder is paving the way for future of rocks. The maximum number of deeps are missions by testing in flight the very concept found in the Pacific Ocean and least in Indian of gravitational wave detection: it will put two Ocean. test masses in a near-perfect gravitational free- 24 B fall and control and measure their motion with unprecedented accuracy. It's objective is to Increase in subsidy of LPG will reduce the detect the gravitational waves and not the dark pocket expenditure of people on LPG, making matter and Dark Energy. LISA Pathfinder is an more money available with them, thereby ESA mission, which also carries a NASA payload. increasing demand and pulling inflation. R.C. Reddy IAS Study Circle 3 Similar will be the effect of decrease of income awareness for universal accessibility. India is tax rates - more money availability. Increase a signatory to the UN Convention on the Rights in fuel prices will lead to cost-push inflation of Persons with Disabilities (UNCRPD). Article 25 D 9 of UNCRPD casts an obligation on all the signatory governments to take appropriate Betla National Park is a national park located measures to ensure to persons with disabilities in the of the access, on an equal basis with others, to the district of the Indian state of , in physical environment, to transportation, to India. The park boasts a wide variety of wild information and communications, including life. "Betla" is an acronym of the following words: information and communications technologies bison, elephant, tiger, , axisaxis. and systems, and to other facilities and services Bannerghatta National Park is in Karnataka, open or provided to the public, both in urban the Bannerghatta Biological Park, popularly and in rural areas. known as BBP, has been an integral part of Bannerghatta National Park. The Orang All the States are required to follow the Persons National Park, located on the north bank of the with Disabilities (Equal Opportunities, Brahmaputra River in the Darrang and Sonitpur Protection of Rights and Full Participation) Act, districts of , It is also known as the mini 1995 under sections 44, 45 and 46 categorically . provides for non-discrimination in transport, non-discrimination on the road and non- 26 A discrimination in built environment Mahmud of Ghazni invaded India from 997 to respectively. Department of Empowerment of his death in 1030-Muhammad Ghori who Persons with Disabilities (DEPwD) through invaded India after Mahmud Ghazni,belongs to Accessible India Campaign (Sugamya Bharat Ghurid empire and attempted to build up an Abhiyan) aims to develop an inclusive society empire in India - Qutubuddin Aibak who founded in which equal opportunities and access is slave dynasty in India continued from (1206- provided for the growth and development of 1210 AD)-Ghiyasuddin Balban,the fourth Persons with Disabilities. important ruler of slave dynasty continued from 29 B 1266-1287 Sulphur free sugar are currently in huge 27 D demand as sugar containing the sulphur is Wavelength: Infrared: 10(-5) > Visible 10(-6) > harmful for the body according to many new Ultraviolet 10(-8) : meaning A and B are right. researches. Sulphur is added to the sugar in Use the formula E = hv to obtain the photon order to make the sugar white and increase the energy, where v is the frequency of light. Since shelf life of the sugar. Raw sugar has a yellow Frequency is inversely proportional to to brown color. To produce a white sugar, sulfur wavelength, therefore frequency wise and dioxide is bubbled through the cane juice before photon-energy wise: UV > Visible > Infra. evaporation so as to bleach color-forming 28 B impurities into colourless ones. Accessible India Campaign (Sugamya Bharat 30 D Abhiyan) is a nation-wideR.C. Campaign Reddy launched I.A.S. StudyIndia has proposed Circle to Interpol that the General by Department of Empowerment of Persons with Assembly of the organization be held in New Disabilities (DEPwD) of Ministry of Social Delhi in 2022 as part of the nation's 75th Justice & Empowerment to provide universal Independence Day celebrations. accessibility to persons with disabilities. International Criminal Police Organisation - The campaign aims at providing equal Interpol is an international police organisation opportunity to persons with disabilities to made up of 194 member countries. Interpol participate in all the aspects of life and live does not work under UN. It has enjoyed a special independently. role - that of Permanent Observer at the United The Sugamya Bharat Abhiyan focuses on Nations - since 1996. It is not a police force in developing accessible physical environment, the traditional sense-its agents cannot arrest transportation system and Information & criminals. "Red Notice" is a notification that a communication ecosystem. The Government of member state would like someone arrested. India with firm commitment towards socio- States are not obliged to follow these notices, economic transformation of the persons with but will often treat them as a warrant for disabilities is making efforts to create mass someone's arrest and extradition.

R.C. Reddy IAS Study Circle 4 31 C dioxide from the atmosphere and store it, thus An amendment of the Constitution can be decreasing the effects of global warming. These initiated only by the introduction of a Bill in types of habitat are known as carbon sinks and either House of Parliament. The Bill must then contain large stores of carbon accumulated over be passed in each House by a majority of the hundreds to thousands of years. Using more total membership of that House and by a scientific lingo, coastal blue carbon is the majority of not less than two-thirds of the carbon captured by living coastal and marine members of that House present and voting. organisms and stored in coastal ecosystems. There is no provision for a joint sitting in case Salt marshes, mangroves, and seagrass beds of disagreement between the two Houses. The play two important roles: Bill, passed by the required majority, is then ● Carbon sequestration-the process of presented to the President who shall give his capturing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, assent to the Bill. measured as a rate of carbon uptake per year 32 C ● Carbon storage-the long-term confinement of The Tebhaga movement was an independence carbon in plant materials or sediment, campaign initiated in Bengal by the Kisan Sabha measured as a total weight of carbon stored (peasants front of Communist Party of India) Current studies suggest that mangroves and in 1946-1947. At that time share-cropping coastal wetlands annually sequester carbon at peasants (essentially, tenants) had to give half a rate ten times greater than mature tropical of their harvest to the owners of the land. The forests. They also store three to five times more demand of the Tebhaga (sharing by thirds) carbon per equivalent area than tropical forests. movement was to reduce the share given to Most coastal blue carbon is stored in the soil, landlords to one third. In many areas the not in above-ground plant materials as with agitations turned violent, and landlords fled tropical forests. villages leaving parts of the countryside in the Coastal habitats are important for capturing hands of Kisan Sabha. As a response to the carbon-but their destruction poses a great risk. agitations, the then Muslim League ministry When these habitats are damaged or destroyed, in the province launched the Bargadari Act, it is not only their carbon sequestration which provided that the share of the harvest capacity that is lost. Carbon stored in the given to the landlords would be limited to one habitats is also released, increasing levels of third of the total. But the law was not fully greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. implemented. Unfortunately, coastal habitats around the 33 A world are being lost at a rapid rate, largely due to coastal development for housing, ports, and Aurora is natural phenomena observed when commercial facilities. the magnetosphere is ionized and excited by 36 A the solar winds. These solar winds destabilise the earth's magnetosphere which causes Chaitanya was a vaishnava bhakti saint from ionisation. It is generally observed in higher Bengal .Ramdas, a 17th century bhakti saint latitudes. from was the author of Dasabodha, an advice on all aspects of life 34 B R.C. Reddy I.A.S. Study Circle 37 D Typically, higher inflation is caused by strong economic growth. If Aggregate Demand in an This programme is jointly implemented by economy expanded faster than aggregate supply, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research we would expect to see a higher inflation rate. (CSIR), Ministry of Science and Technology and If demand is rising faster than supply this Department of AYUSH (Ayurveda, Siddha, suggests that economic growth is higher than Unani, Homeopathy), Ministry of Health and the long run sustainable rate of growth. Family Welfare. 35 D TKDL intend to convert the ancient knowledge into unicode structure, knowledge based Healthy coastal habitat is not only important interpretation; Compile in a single database for seafood and recreation, it also plays an and Translate the information to English, important role in reducing climate change. Salt Spanish, German, French for easy reference of marshes, mangroves, and seagrass beds absorb the examiners; Digitised form makes it easy large quantities of the greenhouse gas carbon transmission, preservation

R.C. Reddy IAS Study Circle 5 38 D 41 B Although the data for NPR is collected along Article 148: Comptroller and Auditor-General with the data collection process of Census, they of India are not the same. The data collected under 1. There shall be a Comptroller and Auditor- Census has a wider ambit. The Census is a General of India who shall be appointed by the statutory exercise conducted under the President by warrant under his hand and seal provisions of the Census Act 1948 and Rules and shall only be removed from office in like made under it. The NPR is covered under the manner and on the like grounds as a Judge of provisions of the Citizenship Act 1955 and the the Supreme Court. Citizenship (Registration of Citizens and issue of National Identity Cards) Rules, 2003. Article 151: Audit reports The NPR is a register of usual residents of the 1. The reports of the Comptroller and Auditor- country. The objective is to create a General of India relating to the accounts of the comprehensive identity database of every usual Union shall be submitted to the President, who resident in the country. For purpose of NPR, a shall cause them to be laid before each House usual resident is defined as a person who has of Parliament. resided in a local area for the past 6 months or 2. The reports of the Comptroller and Auditor- more or a person who intends to reside in that General of India relating to the accounts of a area for the next six months or more. It is State shall be submitted to the Governor of the mandatory for every usual resident of India to State, who shall cause them to be laid before register in the NPR. All usual residents will be the Legislature of the State. eligible to be included irrespective of their Nationality. 42 C 39 B The paper Ghadar was launched on the first of November, 1913, the first issue was in Urdu The Union Ministry of Health and Family Welfare followed a month later by the Gurmukhi version. launched India's first indigenous rotavirus Hence, statement 1 is correct. The Ghadar was vaccine named Rotavac to combat infant circulated widely among Indian immigrants in mortality due to diarrhea. The Rotavirus vaccine North America as well as immigrants in the has been developed indigenously under a public- Philippines, Hong Kong, China, Malay states, private partnership between the Union Ministry Singapore, Trinidad and the Honduras. Hence, of Science Technology, Union Health Ministry, statement 2 is correct. institutions of the US Government and NGOs in India supported by the Bill and Melinda Gates 43 C Foundation. The vaccine is administered orally The Sutlej river rises near Rakastal (Rakas lake) to infants in three dose course at ages of six, which is fed by the lake Mansrover in the ten and fourteen weeks as part of Universal Tibetan Plateau. The river Sutlej is known as Immunisation Programme (UIP). Diarrhea is Langqen Zagbo inside Tibet/China. The River caused by virus which spreads from person to Sutlej travels inside the Tibetan Province and person due to bacterial and parasiting agents then enters India near Shipkilla Pass that are primarily transmitted through (Tashigang-village) in and contaminated food or water. It causes R.C. Reddy I.A.S. Studyfurther Sutlej Circle River travels upto Bhakra Dam. gastroenteritis after it damages the cells that The river then flows through Punjab near Nangal line the small intestine and causes gastroenteritis. In some cases in causes before meeting the Beas River. The merger of malnutrition, delayed physical and mental these two rivers goes on to the India-Pakistan development among children. border. 40 A The river continues to flow for joining the Chenab River. The combination of the Sutlej The Supreme Court has cleared the Chardham and Chenab river form the Panjnad which finally highway project, by modifying an NGT order. It flows into the Indus River. The river Sutlej is a has also ordered to constitute a fresh committee perennial due to large areas of catchment to look into environmental concerns related to contributing snowmelt. the project. The Chardham Mahamarg Vikas Pariyojna, or the Chardham highway project, is It is estimated that more than 50 percent of an initiative to improve connectivity to the Char the run-off in the Sutlej Rivers is from the Dham pilgrimage centres (Gangotri, Yamunotri, snowmelt. The main tributary in India are Ravi Kedarnath and Badrinath) in the Himalayas. and Beas

R.C. Reddy IAS Study Circle 6 44 A Islam and was sufficiently broad minded to incorporate some of its basic principles. That is why his references are available in the Sufi literature as well. Abul Fazl called Kabir a muwahhid (monotheist). Hence statement 1, 2 and 3 are correct. Bijak is the authoritative account of kabir's philosophy, while Bani is collection of hyms and poems by Dadu, who was inspired be Kabir. Hence, statement 4 is wrong 47 C LPG is heavier than air, which is less safe in a car crash than CNG. Nothing in your kitchen The Laffer Curve is a theory developed by supply- will ever hit a canister hard enough to rupture side economist Arthur Laffer to show the it, so a kitchen LPG fire is unlikely compared relationship between tax rates and the amount to a car crash causing a fire. of tax revenue collected by governments. LPG liquefies easily, so the pressure straight The Laffer Curve suggests that, as taxes out of the cylinder is never very high. It's mostly increase from low levels, tax revenue collected liquid in the canister and only turns to vapor by the government also increases. It also shows when released. That means you can use that tax rates increasing after a certain point cheaper tanks and regulators -- only about 125 (T*) would cause people not to work as hard or psi is seen at room temperature. not at all, thereby reducing tax revenue. In a car, the fuel system cost is less important Eventually, if tax rates reached 100% all people than the safety. So LPG is less favored as a would choose not to work because everything vehicle fuel. they earned would go to the government. 48 D Governments would like to be at point T*, The Geographical Indication (GI) under the because it is the point at which the government Department for Promotion of Industry and collects maximum amount of tax revenue while Internal Trade has recently registered 4 new people continue to work hard. GIs. 45 B PalaniPanchamirtham from Palani Town in Species diversity refers to the variety and Dindigul District of Tamil Nadu State, number of different species in a given time and Tawlhlohpuan and Mizo Puanchei from the area. Ecologically, species variety is measured state of and Tirur Betel leaf from by species richness and relative abundance are the latest additions to the list of of species (species evenness). registered GIs. Species richness refers to the number of 49 D species in an area or community. Generally, ASTROSAT is India's first dedicated multi species richness or biodiversity in general tends wavelength space observatory. This scientific to increase with the size of the area or from satellite mission endeavours for a more higher to lower latitudesR.C. (equator) Reddy and higher I.A.S. detailedStudy understanding Circle of our universe. One to lower altitudes. Species richness is the of the unique features of ASTROSAT mission primary estimation of species in an area. Two is that it enables the simultaneous multi- communities can have the same species wavelength observations of various richness, but a different relative abundance. astronomical objects with a single satellite. Speciation generates new species and adds to 50 A species richness. Extinction of species reduces The 10th Mekong-Ganga Cooperation species richness. Ministerial Meeting (10th MGC MM) was held 46 A in Bangkok, Thailand. Indian side was Kabir belonged to the Nirguna tradition of represented by Minister of External Affairs of Bhakti. Kabir preached a religious system India. The meeting adopted the new MGC Plan strictly montheistic advocating abolition of of Action 2019-2022 Varnaashrama, and casting doubt on the MGC Plan of Action 2019-2022 envisages authority of the Vedas and the other sacred project-based cooperation in the seven areas books. The school of Kabir sought to understand of MGC cooperation, namely tourism and R.C. Reddy IAS Study Circle 7 culture, education, public health and traditional A policy used by many Eurozone economies medicine, agriculture and allied sectors, facing a large current account deficit (but unable transport and communication, MSMEs. It also to devalue within single currency) is to reduce included three new areas of cooperation, i.e. wages. Lower wages will reduce costs of water resources management, science and production and improve competitiveness. technology, skill development and capacity The government could increase tariffs on building. imports or even impose quotas. Both these 51 D measures would have the impact of reducing Articles 52 to 78 in Part V of the Constitution imports and therefore improve the current deal with the Union executive. The Union account. executive consists of the President, the Vice- 55 D President, the Prime Minister, the Council of Endosulfan is a pesticide which accumulates ministers and the Attorney General of India. in the human body. It is sprayed on crops like 52 A cotton, cashew, fruits, tea, paddy, tobacco etc. The Indian Independence Act provided for for control of pests in agriculture such as creation of two independent dominions of India whiteflies, aphids, beetles, worms etc Many and Pakistan with effect from August 15, 1947. parts of the world have fallen prey to this It remained a dominion till it turned into a pesticide, that has affected a lot of humans, Republic on January 26, 1950. Nehru Report animals and the environment. Endosulfan recommended dominion status on lines of self- blocks the inhibitory receptors of the CNS, governing dominions as the form of government disrupts the ionic channels and destroys the desired by Indians. integrity of the nerve cells. Global consensus 53 D has been reached on adding endosulfan to Metamorphism is a process by which already list of banned substances and phasing it out consolidated rocks undergo recrystallization and as an agrichemical. Use of endosulfan has been banned by Stockholm Convention on Persistent reorganisation of materials within original Organic Pollutants. From the mid-70s, Kerala rocks. villages used aerial spraying of endosulfan on 54 D 4,600-ha. cashew nut plantation. Locals A measurement of a country's trade in which reportedly experienced illnesses, palsies and the value of goods and services it imports deformities. exceeds the value of goods and services it 56 D exports. The current account also includes net Aryabhatta discovered algebra and also income, such as interest and dividends, as well formulated the area of a triangle, which led to as transfers, such as foreign aid, though these the origin of Trigonometry. Varahamihira in components tend to make up a smaller Panch Siddhantika gives the summary of five percentage of the current account than exports schools of astronomy present in his time. Zero and imports. The current account is a was discovered in India in the second century calculation of a country's foreign transactions, BC. Brahmagupta's Brahmasputa Siddhanta is and along with the capital account is a the very first book that mentioned 'zero' as a component of a country'sR.C. balance Reddy of payment. I.A.S. Studynumber, hence, Circle Brahmagupta is considered as If there is a devaluation in the currency, the the man who found zero. Varahamihira's price of importing goods increases and therefore Brihatsamhita of the sixth century AD is a work the quantity demanded of imports falls. Exports in the field of astronomy. will be become cheaper and there will be an 57 D increase in the quantity of exports. Chlorine is one of the most widely used Higher interest rates will increase the cost of disinfectants. It is very applicable and very debt and mortgage repayments and leave people effective for the deactivation of pathogenic with less money to spend. Therefore, this will microorganisms. Chlorine can be easily applied, reduce their consumption of imports, improving measured and controlled. Is is fairly persistent the current account. and relatively cheap. The disinfection Supply side policies can improve the mechanism of hydrogen peroxide is based on competitiveness of the economy and help make the release of free oxygen radicals: H2O2 ? H2O exports more attractive. This can improve the + O2. UV as a disinfectant has many advantages current account position, but it may take - UV does not alter taste, odour, colour or pH considerable time to have effect. of the water - UV does not require the addition

R.C. Reddy IAS Study Circle 8 of chemicals - UV does not impart toxic by- 63 A products into the water - UV systems are Equator receives less insolation than tropic compact and easy to install - UV systems due to heavy cloud cover. require very little maintenance. Remember insolation is the amount of sunlight 58 A received at the surface of earth per unit area. Govt has launched BHIM 2.0 with new So the clouds obstruct the sunlight and hence functionalities. Some of the striking features equator receives less insolation. marking BHIM 2.0 include a 'Donation' gateway, increased transaction limits for high value Similarly, Oceans are significantly cloudier transactions, linking multiple bank accounts, than continents and hence receive less offers from merchants, option of applying in IPO insolation. and gifting money. The new version of BHIM 64 C also supports three additional languages -- Index of Industrial Production is compiled and Konkani, Bhojpuri and Haryanvi -- over and published every month by Central Statistics above the existing 13. BHIM app, is a UPI based Office (CSO) of the Ministry of Statistics. IIP payment interface developed by National is a short term indicator of industrial growth. Payments Corporation of India (NPCI) that allows real time fund transfer and was launched IIP measures the short term changes in the in December, 2016. volume of production of a basket of industrial 59 D products. The Government of India has set up Invest IIP covers 682 items comprising Mining (61 India as the national investment promotion and items), Manufacturing (620 items) & Electricity facilitation agency. An innovation promotion (1 item). The weights of the three sectors are platform called Atal Innovation Mission (AIM) 14.16%, 75.53% and 10.32% respectively and and a technofinancial, incubation and are on the basis of their share of GDP at factor facilitation programme called Self-Employment cost during 2004-05(which is the base year). and Talent Utilization (SETU) are being The general scope of IIP, as recommended by implemented to encourage innovation and start- United Nations Statistics Division includes ups in India. Further, a Micro Units Mining & Quarrying, Manufacturing, Electricity, Development Refinance Agency (MUDRA) Bank Gas steam, Air conditioning supply, Water has been set up to provide and refinance to supply, Sewerage, Waste management and commercial banks/NBFCs/cooperative banks Remediation activities. But in India, due to for loans given to micro-units. constraints of data availability and other 60 D resources, the index is compiled using figures The Polavaram project is being implemented to of mining, manufacturing and electricity sectors interlink Krishna and Godavari which will create only. the polavaram reservoir which extends to 4 65 A states of , , and Biodiversity hotspot is a biogeographic region . characterised both by exceptional levels of plant 61 A endemism and by serious levels of habitat loss. Under federal systemR.C. there isReddy an independent I.A.S. EnergyStudy flow is Circleunidirectional and material flow Supreme Court as the arbiter of the disputes is bidirectional in an ecosystem. An ecological between the Union and the units .The Federal niche is the role and position a species has in System is also believed to bring a sense of unity its environment (ecosystem); how it meets its among the people having diverse cultures, needs for food and shelter, how it survives, and languages and territories, Whereas, under how it reproduces. The competitive exclusion unitary System all powers are vested with the principle states that no two species can occupy central legislature, Statement 3 is incorrect . exactly the same niche in exactly the same Hence Statements 1st and 2nd are correct. habitat at exactly the same time. If two species 62 D were to attempt to occupy the same niche, one The Fauj had brigades named after Gandhi, of the species will be better at competing for Nehru, Azad and Subhash, and Rani Jhansi. limited resources and will eventually exclude Netaji was not interested in having a brigade the other species away from the others species named after him, but had to relent to the around. The tendency for increased biodiversity growing pressure of the jawans. within the ecotone is referred to as the edge

R.C. Reddy IAS Study Circle 9 effect or the influence of the two bordering called a company. The MOA is quite narrow in communities on each other is known as the the case of an SPV. How is an SPV established? edge effect. 0 Like a company, an SPV must have promoter(s) 66 B or sponsor(s). Usually, a sponsoring corporation hives off assets or activities from the rest of Major eighteen works were called as the company into an SPV. This isolation of Melkannakku .18 Minor works were called assets is important for providing comfort to Kilkanakku. Many of the social events are investors. What are the advantages of setting presented in this literature like economy in up an spv? The biggest advantage is that it helps ancient time etc. showing social evolution. in separating the risk and freeing up the capital. Tolkapiyam, Silppadikaram and Manimeklai As a result, the SPV and the sponsoring were also written during this time. Tolkapiyam company are protected against risks like deals with grammar and Poetics. insolvency, which may arise during the course Silappadikaram deals with love story in which of operation. The SPV also allows securitisation a dignatory called Kovalan prefers a courtesan of assets without disturbing the managerial called Madhavi of kaveripattanam to his noble relationship. wedded wife Kannagi and Manimekalai is 69 B another story which deals with adventures of the daughter born out of union of Kovalan and The National Institutional Ranking Framework Madhavi. (NIRF) outlines a methodology to rank institutions across the country. The 67 A methodology draws from the overall Even though 3D printing technology has been recommendations broad understanding arrived around since the 1980s, the price has dropped at by a Core Committee set up by MHRD, to in the recent times and it is commercially identify the broad parameters for ranking various available now. It can 'print' on plastic, metal, universities and institutions. The parameters nylon and over a hundred other materials. It is broadly cover Teaching, Learning and also called additive manufacturing Resources, Research and Professional 68 A Practices, Graduation Outcomes, Outreach and Inclusivity, and Perception. Although the The name SPV is given to an entity which is formed for a single, well-defined and narrow Ranking Frameworks are similar, the exact purpose. An SPV can be formed for any lawful methodologies are domain specific. Ranking purpose. No SPV can be formed for an unlawful methods have been worked out for 6 categories purpose, or for undertaking activities which are of institutions i.e., Engineering, Management, contrary to the provisions of law or public policy. Pharmacy, Architecture, Universities and An SPV is, primarily, a business association of Colleges. Thus statement 1 is wrong. persons or entities eligible to participate in the National Board of Accreditation has undertaken association. Is there a difference between a the task of doing the ranking exercise. special purpose vehicle and a company? SPVs are mostly formed to raise funds from the 70 D market. Technically, an SPV is a company. It The European Commission (EC) has launched has to follow the rulesR.C. of formation Reddy of a company I.A.S. Studythe 'United forCircle Biodiversity' coalition. It was laid down in the Companies Act. Like a launched on World Wildlife Day 2020- 3 rd company, the SPV is an artificial person. It has March. all the attributes of a legal person. It is independent of members subscribing to the The coalition is made up of zoos, aquariums, shares of the SPV. The SPV has an existence botanical gardens, national parks, and natural of its own in the eyes of law. It can sue and be history and science museums from around the sued in its name. The SPV has to adhere to all world. The coalition offers the opportunity for the regulations laid down in the Companies Act. all such institutions to "join forces and boost Members of an SPV are mostly the companies public awareness about the nature crisis. The and individuals sponsoring the entity. An SPV coalition adopted a common pledge, citing the can also be a partnership firm. A company may Intergovernmental Platform on Biodiversity and do many things which are mentioned in the Ecosystem Services (IPBES) Global Assessment memorandum of association (MOA) or permitted finding that one million species were already by the Companies Act. An SPV may also do the at risk of extinction, and appeals to visitors to same, but its scope of operation is limited and each of their institutions to "raise their voice focused. If it is not so, the SPV had better be for nature."

R.C. Reddy IAS Study Circle 10 71 A 74 C On 21 August 2019, RK Singh, the Union Bio-Digester Toilet System is based on Minister of State for Power and New & anaerobic biodegradation of organic waste by Renewable Energy (IC) and Skill Development unique microbial consortium. In this system, & Entrepreneurship has launched the State faecal matter is decomposed to bits and Rooftop Solar Attractiveness Index 2019 converted into water and little of carbon dioxide (SARAL) at the Review Planning and Monitoring &methane gas. It is totally maintenance-free (RPM) Meeting with States and State Power system and does not require any sewerage Utilities in New Delhi. i. SARAL Index: As per system. the Index, Karnataka got the top spot with 75 D SARAL score of 78.8 as the best state for setting All are correctly matched. up a rooftop solar project followed by Telangana(72.2), (67.9) and Andhra Kurnool - Traces of ash have been found here Pradesh(66.1). Jammu and Kashmir(J&K) has from the Paleolithic age which suggests that been ranked last with a score of 14.4. people were familiar with the use of fire. 72 A Bagor - This site provides the earliest evidence The Ministry of Human Resource Development for the domestication of animals. (MHRD) has launched a programme called Mehrgarh - Women and men learnt to grow Unnat Bharat Abhiyan with an aim to connect barley and wheat, and rear sheep and goats for institutions of higher education, including the first time in this area. Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs), National 76 C Institutes of Technology (NITs) and Indian Institutes of Science Education & Research World's largest solar power plant, Rewa Ultra (IISERs) etc. with local communities to address Mega Solar Project with a total installed capacity the development challenges through appropriate of 750 MW will be made in Rewa district of technologies. . Rewa Ultra Mega Solar Limited (RUMSL), is a joint venture of Solar The objectives of Unnat Bharat Abhiyan are Energy Corporation of India (SECL) and Madhya broadly two-fold: Pradesh Urja Vikas Nigam (MPUVN). Once Building institutional capacity in Institutes of completed, it will generate clean energy, higher education in research & training relevant overtaking 648 MW solar power plant at to the needs of rural India. Kamathi in Tamil Nadu, the largest plant in Provide rural India with professional resource the country so far. support from institutes of higher education ,especially those which have acquired academic 77 C excellence in the field of Science, Engineering Both mutual funds and hedge funds are & Technology and Management managed portfolios. 73 B Hedge funds are managed much more The Essential Commodities Act (ECA) was aggressively than their mutual fund enacted by the Central Government in 1955 to counterparts, and hence are more risky. The control and regulate trade and prices of main aim behind investing in hedge funds is commodities declared essential under the Act. to enhance the leverage - and thus the risk - The Act empowers R.C.the Centre Reddy to order states I.A.S. ofStudy the fund. This Circle also means that it's possible to impose stock limits and bring hoarders to for hedge funds to make money when the market task, in order to smoothen supplies and cool is falling. Mutual funds, on the other hand, prices. Generally the Centre specifies upper are not permitted to take these highly leveraged limits in the case of stock holding and states positions and are typically safer as a result. prescribe specific limits. Thus, the Act is Also, hedge funds are only available to a specific implemented by the state governments and group of sophisticated investors with high net union territories, leaving the central government worth, whereas, in case for mutual funds, it is to merely monitor the action taken by states in very easy to purchase with minimal amounts implementing the provisions of the Act. State of money. and UT administrations use the powers of the 78 A Act to impose stock or turnover limits for various commodities and penalise those who hold them Peninsular rivers have lower erosional capacity, in excess of the limit. Stock limits have been but because of hard rock surface in the region imposed in several states for pulses, edible oil, and non-alluvial character of plateau, they travel edible oilseeds, rice, paddy and sugar. almost straight and thus do not form meanders

R.C. Reddy IAS Study Circle 11 79 D safety since they can be issued by companies In Lahore session of congress 1929 complete which have a good credit rating as specified in independence was declared as the goal of the norms laid down by RBI for the issue of congress and CWC were authorised to launch NCDs. In India, usually these have to be issued civil disobedience movement to achieve this. of a minimum maturity of 90 days. Also decision to boycott first RTC was taken. 85 B So all options are correct. The Bengal Tiger probably arrived in the Indian 80 D subcontinent approximately 12,000 years ago. Only statement 3 is incorrect. Members of the It occurs in India, Nepal, Bhutan and Constituent Assembly were elected by indirect Bangladesh. election by the members of the provisional 86 D Legislative. Assemblies that had been established in 1935. it was composed roughly While Carnatic music is sung and performed in along the lines suggested by the plan proposed only one style. There exists various style of by the cabinet mission. singing and performing in Hindustani music. Each style of school is called a 'gharana'. Hence, 81 B statement 1 is correct. Unlike Hindustani The Preamble was the last part of the music, Carnatic music does not adhere to time Constitution to be enacted to ensure that it or Samay concept. In Hindustan classical was in conformity with the rest of the music, each raag is rendered only at a specific Constitution as adopted by the Assembly. The time. The time of the raag depends on the vaadi 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act Inserted swar and the anuvadi saars. This is so as each 3 new words- Socialist, Secular and Integrity raag with it's particular swar is more effective in the Preamble. if performed at a particular time. It is supposed 82 A to enhance the ras(mood) of the raag. Hence, 1938 (Haripura Session) - National Planning statement 2 is correct. Carnatic Style employs Committee was set up under the chairmanship Shrutis or semitones to create a Raga and thus have many more Ragas than the Hindustani of Jawaharlal Nehru. 1955(Avadi Session) - style. Carnatic ragas differ from Hindustani Through the Avadi Resolution, a socialistic ragas. The names of ragas are also different. pattern of development was adopted as the goal However, there are some ragas which have the of the party. 1939 (Tripuri Session) - In the same scale as Hindustani ragas but have presidential elections of Congress, Netaji different names; such as Hindolam and defeated Sitaramayya. Malkauns, Shankarabharanam and Bilawal. 83 B There is a third category of ragas like Soil erosion occurs both by human as well as Hamsadhwani, Charukeshi, Kalavati etc. which natural activities. are essentially Carnatic Ragas. They share the 84 D same name, the same scale (same set of notes) but can be rendered in the two distinctively Debentures are long-term financial different Carnatic and Hindustani styles. instruments which acknowledge a debt Hence, statement 3 is correct. obligation towards R.C.the issuer. Reddy Some debentures I.A.S. Study Circle have a feature of convertibility into shares after 87 B a certain point of time at the discretion of the The difference between an LMO and a GMO is owner. The debentures which can't be converted that a Living Modified Organism means any into shares or equities are called non- biological entity capable of transferring or convertible debentures (or NCDs). replicating genetic material, including sterile Non-convertible debentures are used as tools organisms, viruses and viroids and typically to raise long-term funds by companies through refers to agricultural crops. Genetically Modified a public issue. To compensate for this drawback Organisms include both LMOs and organisms of non-convertibility, lenders are usually given which are not capable of growing, i.e. are dead. a higher rate of return compared to convertible 88 A debentures. The Hague Code of Conduct against Ballistic Besides, NCDs offer various other benefits to Missile Proliferation (HCOC) is the result of the owner such as high liquidity through stock efforts of the international community to market listing, tax exemptions at source and internationally regulate the area of ballistic

R.C. Reddy IAS Study Circle 12 missiles capable of carrying weapons of mass have successfully completed the training destruction. The HCOC is the only multilateral programme and are in the process of looking transparency and confidence building for employment opportunities. instrument concerning the spread of ballistic 90 B missiles. It is a voluntary, legally non-binding IPV is made up of inactivated (killed) polio virus international confidence building. By and will provide immunity from all three strains subscribing to the HCoC, members voluntarily of polio. OPV is made up of attenuated or commit themselves politically to provide prelaunch notifications (PLNs) on ballistic weakened poliovirus and there is a risk of missile and space-launch vehicle launches vaccine derived polio. (SLVs) and test flights. Subscribing States also Advantages: commit themselves to submit an annual As IPV is not a 'live' vaccine, it carries no risk declaration (AD) of their country's policies on of vaccine-associated polio paralysis. ballistic missiles and space-launch vehicles. IPV triggers an excellent protective immune It does not call for ban on production, testing response in most people. and export of Ballistic Missiles. Therefore, only 2 is correct. 89 D 91 B Key features of the PMKVY are: The Policy recognises every person below the Direct Fund Transfer: It will have complete age of eighteen years as a child and covers all transparent funding of skill training without any children within the territory and jurisdiction intermediaries with monetary rewards directly of the country. It recognizes that a transferred to the trainees bank account. multisectoral and multidimensional approach Demand-driven targets: Based on assessment is necessary to secure the rights of children. of skill demand and the Skill Gap Studies, target The Policy has identified four key priority areas for skill training would be allocated. Target or undeniable rights of every child: survival, aligned to national flagship programmes and health and nutrition; education and regions: Target for skill training would be aligned development; protection and participation. A to the demand from the Central Governments National Coordination and Action Group flagship programmes, such as - Swachh Bharat, (NCAG) for Children to monitor the Progress Make in India, Digital India, National Solar of the implementation of the Policy is to be Mission and so on. formed. At present, the National Commission for the Protection of Child Rights (NCPCR) and Supply side perspective in target fixation: Skill State Commissions for the Protections of Child training under PMKVY would essentially target Rights (SCPCRs) are the designated authorities drop out students after class 10 and class 12 to monitor the progress of implementation of and hence these numbers will be taken into "The Protection of Children from Sexual consideration while deciding state / district wise Offences Act, 2012. targets. There will be special focus on youth in regions affected by left-wing extremists and 92 D from North Eastern States and J&K. NATO stands for North Atlantic Treaty Recognition Of prior learning (RPL): under Organization and is made up of 28 member PMKVY, trainees withR.C. prior experience Reddy or skills I.A.S. countriesStudy in North Circle America and Europe. NATO and competencies will be assessed and they aims to safeguard its members through will also be given monetary rewards for political and military means. NATO's undergoing assessments. headquarters are in Brussels, Belgium. The Variable amount of monetary reward: Monetary genesis of NATO can be traced backed to cold reward for various job roles within a sector war era. In 1949, the prospect of further would also vary. This amount would be arrived Communist expansion prompted the United at after taking various factors like cost of States and 11 other Western nations to form training, willingness of trainees for pay and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). other relevant factors into consideration. The Soviet Union and its affiliated Communist Higher incentives will be given to training in nations in Eastern Europe founded a rival manufacturing, construction and plumbing alliance, the Warsaw Pact, in 1955. Statement sectors. 1 is correct: It is an intergovernmental military alliance based on the North Atlantic Treaty. Mentorship support: A mentorship programme Statement 2 is correct: It works on the principle will be created in order to support trainees who of collective defence i.e. an attack against one R.C. Reddy IAS Study Circle 13 ally is considered as an attack against all allies. 97 C Statement 3 is correct: Turkey is a member Stagflation= stagnant economy + inflation + country of North Atlantic Treaty Organization unemployment (NATO). Recently, it was supported by its allies Usually, when unemployment is high, spending against its war on terror. The NATO countries declines, as do prices of goods. Stagflation are: Albania, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, occurs when the prices of goods rise while Croatia, Czech Republic, unemployment increases and spending declines. Stagflation can prove to be a Denmark, Estonia, France, Germany, Greece, particularly tough problem for governments to Hungary, Iceland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, deal with due to the fact that most policies Luxembourg, Netherland, Norway, Poland, designed to lower inflation tend to make it Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, tougher for the unemployed, and policies designed to ease unemployment raise inflation. Turkey, United Kingdom, United States. Stagflation is an economic problem defined in 93 C equal parts by it's rarity and by the lack of India will now allow its police stations on land consensus among academics on how exactly it to extend their jurisdiction to 200 nautical miles comes to pass. into the high seas. The Union Home Ministry 98 C has extended the jurisdictional limits for Kyonjhar is a manganese producing region and notified police stations from the existing 12 is located in Odisha whereas Rangpo is a nautical miles to 200 nautical miles by issuing copper producing region in . Dariba is a government notification. copper produceing region in and 94 D Phutka Pahar is Bauxite producing region in Chhattisgarh. Factual question 99 A 95 B The First Lahore Conspiracy, also known as the The people were fully conversant with the Lahore Conspiracy Case trial in the aftermath principles of health and sanitation. The uniform of the Ghadar conspiracy in 1915. chess-board or grid-iron pattern planning of The Second Lahore Conspiracy Case, the trial towns and cities.The Indus civilization's of Bhagat Singh, Rajguru, and Sukhdev in 1931 economy appears to have depended significantly In March 1929, 31 labour leaders were arrested on trade. Harappan seals indicates trade on the charge of conspiracy. The British contacts and commercial relations and religious government issued the Public Safety Ordinance beliefs in 1929 to remove from India persons it 96 C considered British and foreign communist agents. TRAFFIC's work is organized around two priority work streams: Kakori Conspiracy, also called Kakori Conspiracy Case or Kakori Train Robbery, armed 1. Action to reduce wildlife crime and illegal robbery on August 9, 1925 trade: Work is focused on achieving a sustained Kanpur Conspiracy Case of 1924 was also reduction in illegalR.C. wildlife tradeReddy by increasing I.A.S. Study Circle against the neo communists which were the risk and reducing the rewards associated abhorred by the British Government. Some with trading in wildlife contraband, reducing newly turned communists named M N Roy, criminal motivation and engagement in the illicit Muzaffar Ahamed, S A Dange, Shaukat Usmani, trade that is driving the poaching crisis. Nalini Gupta, Singaravelu Chettiar, Ghulam 2. Action to enhance benefits from sustainable, Hussain were caught by the Government and legal wildlife trade: Work is focused on were trailed for conspiring against the Government. enhancing benefits from sustainable and legal trade in wildlife resources by increasing 100 D incentives and pathways for businesses, The expenditures charged upon the consolidated communities and consumers to engage in fund are included in the Budget, there many be responsible trade practices. a debate on them, but not voting.

For Further Clarifications and feedback feel free to write to us at ‘‘[email protected]’’

R.C. Reddy IAS Study Circle 14