AMERICAN

TURKISH MOSQUE AT SOFIA Located on Maria Louisa Street, the only Turkish Mosque in Sofia. Mt. Vitosha is seen in the background

$4.00 A YEAR 35 CENTS A COPY The American Qonsular

CLAssociation

OFFICERS WILBUR J. CARR Director of the Consular Service Honorary President HERBERT C. HENGSTLER. .. .Chief of the Consular Bureau Honorary Vice President Consul General HORACE LEE WASHINGTON President Consul General TRACY LAY Vice-President Consul DONALD D. SHEPARD Secretary-Treasurer Chairman Consul FREDERICK SIMPICH Vice-Chairman COMMITTEES EXECUTIVE Consul General NATHANIEL B. STEWART Chairman Consul General DEWITT C. POOLE Consul General EDWARD J. NORTON Consul EDWIN L. NEVILLE Consul General TRACY LAY RECEPTION Consul General EDWARD J. NORTON Chairman Consul FREDERICK SIMPICH Consul EDWIN L. NEVILLE Consul FRANK C. LEE Consul LOWELL C. PINKERTON BULLETIN STAFF Consul HARRY M. LAKIN Editor Consul HASELL H. DICK j. Consul LOWELL C. PINKERTON ( Associate Editors Consul ADDISON E. SOUTHARD Business Manager Consul HAMILTON C. CLAIBORNE Treasurer The American Consular Association is an unofficial and voluntary association embracing most of the members of the Consular Service of the United States. It was formed for the purpose of fostering esprit de corps among the members of the Consular Service, to strengthen Service spirit, and to establish a center around which might be grouped the united efforts of its members for the improve¬ ment of the Service.

EANSDELL INCORPORATED, PRINTERS, WASHINGTON, D. C. CONSUL1 LLETIN

PUBLISHED MONTHLY BY THE AMERICAN CONSULAR ASSOCIATION

VOL. V, No. 4 WASHINGTON, D. C. APRIL, 1923 Married Women’s Citizenship By Richard IV. Flournoy, Junior THE Act of Congress of September 22, 1922, because of her sex or because she is a married entitled, An act relative to the naturalisation woman.” and citizenship of married women, has made The words, because of her sex, were unneces¬ a very radical change in the citizenship law of the sary, since there was nothing in the pre-existing United States. It goes counter to a principle law which prevented a woman from being natural¬ ized as a citizen of the United States merely be¬ which had been developed through an experience cause of her sex. Many unmarried women were of many years and had been enacted into positive naturalized in their own right under the old law. law in the provisions of Section 1994 of the However, the words, because she is a married Revised Statutes (Act of Congress of February woman, do change the law, since, according to 10, 1855, c. 71, s. 2), and Sections 3 and 4 of the the weight of authority, under the old law, a mar¬ Citizenship Act of March 2, 1907. By sections 6 ried woman could not obtain naturalization as a and 7 of the new act, these statutes have been citizen of the United States in her own right. repealed. The principle referred to is that in gen¬ Those who promoted the new law argued that not eral the citizenship of a married woman follows only in many cases alien married women would that of her husband. An important exception to be desirous of obtaining naturalization as citizens this general rule, however, was contained in the of the United States, while their husbands would provisions of Section 1994 of the Revised Statutes, be indifferent or opposed to doing so, but also that under which an alien woman acquired American in many cases the wives would be fitted for nat¬ citizenship by marriage to an American citizen uralization, while their husbands would not be. only in case she “might herself be lawfully nat¬ uralized.” This exception will be discussed fur¬ Section 2 of the Act reads as follows: ther on. “Sec. 2. That any woman who marries a citizen The passage of the new Citizenship Act will of the United States after the passage of this act, undoubtedly give rise to many difficult questions. or any woman whose husband is naturalized after It is impossible to foresee all of the complications the passage of this Act, shall not become a citizen which will arise out of this act, or to state authori¬ of the United States by reason of such marriage tatively in the present article what will be the or naturalization; but, if eligible to citizenship, proper solution of those which can be foreseen. she may be naturalized upon full and complete However, it seems possible from a careful read¬ compliance with all requirements of the naturali¬ ing of the various provisions of the act in the zation laws, with the following exceptions: main to grasp their meaning and appreciate their “(a) No declaration of intention shall be re¬ effect. These provisions will be discussed briefly quired ; seriatim. “(b) In lieu of the five-year period of resi¬ Section 1 provides as follows: “That the right dence within the United States and the one-year of any woman to become a naturalized citizen of period of residence within the State or Territory the United States shall not be denied or abridged where the naturalization court is held, she shall [99] AMERICAN (^ONSULAH fflLLETlN

have resided continuously in the United States, Naturalization Act. It is important to note that Hawaii, Alaska, or Porto Rico for at least one the alien woman who marries a citizen of the year immediately preceding the filing of the peti¬ United States is required to reside in this country tion.” only one year, instead of five, before obtaining This section takes the place of Section 1994 of naturalization. the Revised Statutes, which reads as follows: As a result of the provision of Section 2 many “Sec. 1994. Any woman who is now or may alien women who marry American citizens will hereafter be married to a citizen of the United be left out in the cold, without any citizenship, States, and who might herself be lawfully na¬ since it is understood that the nationality laws turalized, shall be deemed a citizen.” of the majority of the foreign countries, includ¬ According to the weight of authority the words, ing Great Britain, provide that women of those who might herself be lawfully naturalized, in Sec¬ countries lose their citizenship by marrying aliens, tion 1994 referred to race, so that an alien woman without regard to the question whether they ac¬ did not acquire American citizenship by marry¬ quire the nationality of their husbands. However, ing an American citizen unless she came within about a dozen countries, including Belgium, the scope of Section 2169 of the Revised Statutes, France and Italy, provide that women having according to which naturalization could be their nationality lose such nationality upon marry¬ accorded only to “aliens being free white persons, ing aliens only in case they accpiire the nationality and to aliens of African nativity and to persons of their husbands under the laws of the countries of African descent.” Thus, under the old law to which their husbands belong. an alien woman did not become an American citi¬ zen through marriage unless she belonged to what PROSPECTIVE COMPLICATIONS are commonly known as the white or black races. Under the new law an American who has mar¬ A Chinese or a Malay woman did not acquire ried an alien woman on or after September 22. American citizenship by marrying an American. 1922, may find that she is not admissible to the Probably the same was true of a full blooded United States because of the quota law, or some American Indian woman. As long as ordinary other provision of the immigration laws. Also naturalization, that is, naturalization by a court, when he attempts to bring her to this country, or was limited to persons of the white and black races to travel in foreign countries, he will find that he it was deemed inconsistent not to apply the same can neither have her included in his own passport, limitation to naturalization through marriage. since she is not a citizen of the United States, nor The same principle underlay both provisions, that obtain for her a passport from her country of is, that the citizenship of this country should, as origin, since she has ceased to be a citizen of that far as possible, be limited to persons racially re¬ country. Also, if, during his foreign residence or lated to the original settlers and to the descendants travels he and his wife encounter difficulties at of those people who were brought into this coun¬ the hands of foreign officials, or do not receive try by the original settlers as slaves and subse¬ the protection due to them, he will find that he quently set free. The words, if eligible to citi¬ cannot obtain the full protection of this Govern¬ zenship, in Section 2 of the new law no doubt ment for his wife. Notwithstanding the provi¬ have the same meaning as the words, who might sions of the new law, husbands and wives will herself be lawfully naturalized, in the old law. probably to some extent continue to live and travel together so that complications will necessarily ON HER OWN FEET arise. It might be argued that a proper spirit of Section 2 seems to have been inserted as a liberality on the part of the Government would corollary to Section 1. The idea underlying both cause full protection to be granted to alien wives sections is that a married woman should stand of American citizens. Plowever, it would seem on her own feet with regard to citizenship. Not that the most that can be done for alien wives in only was it argued that many married women distress is to extend to them unofficial good offices. would be fit for naturalization while their hus¬ If they are really entitled to the full protection bands were unfit, but the remarkable admission of this Government it would seem to follow logi¬ was also made by the ladies who promoted the cally that they should be citizens of this country. passage of the new Act that some married women might be unfit for naturalization while their hus¬ AMERICAN WOMEN MARRYING ALIENS bands were fit. This apparent spirit of humility “Sec. 3. That a woman citizen of the United may, however, merely mean confidence in the States shall not cease to be a citizen of the United belief that married women would prove them¬ States by reason of her marriage after the passage selves capable of meeting all of the tests of the of this Act, unless she makes a formal renuncia- [100] tion of her citizenship before a court having United States under the second paragraph of jurisdiction over naturalization of aliens: Pro¬ section 2 of the Act entitled An Act in reference vided, That any woman citizen who marries an to the expatriation of citizens and their protection alien ineligible to citizenship shall cease to be a abroad, approved March 2, 1907.” This para¬ citizen of the United States. If at the termination graph reads as follows: of the marital status she is a citizen of the United States she shall retain her citizenship regardless “When any naturalized citizen shall have re¬ of her residence. If during the continuance of sided for two years in the foreign state from the marital status she resides continuously for two which he came, or for five years in any other years in a foreign State of which her husband is foreign state, it shall be presumed that he has a citizen or subject, or for five years continuously ceased to be an American citizen, and the place of outside of the United States, she shall thereafter his general abode shall be deemed his place of be subject to the same presumption as is a natural¬ residence during said years: Provided, hozvever, ized citizen of the United States under the second That such presumption may be overcome on the paragraph of section 2 of the Act entitled ‘An presentation of satisfactory evidence to a Diplo¬ Act in reference to the expatriation of citizens matic or Consular Officer of the United States, and their protection abroad,’ approved March 2, under such rules and regulations as the Depart¬ 1907. Nothing herein shall be construed to re¬ ment of State may prescribe: And provided also, peal or amend the provisions of Revised Statutes That no American citizen shall be allowed to ex¬ 1999 or of section 2 of the Expatriation Act of patriate himself when this country is at war.” 1907 with reference to expatriation.” Under the existing rules one of the grounds upon which the presumption arising under the Section 3 of the new Act replaces Section 3 of provisions of the Act of March 2, 1907, just the Act of March 2, 1907, which reads as follows: quoted, may be overcome is that the person con¬ “That any American woman who marries a cerned is residing abroad because of “some un¬ foreigner shall take the nationality of her hus¬ foreseen and controlling exigency, beyond his band. At the termination of the marital relation power to foresee.*’ It seems possible that a native she may resume her American citizenship, if American woman who has married an alien abroad, by registering as an American citizen “eligible to citizenship” and has resided with him within one year with a Consul of the United for two years in his country may argue that she States, or by returning to reside in the United overcomes the statutory presumption upon the States, or, if residing in the United States, at the ground that her husband insists that she should termination of the marital relation, by continuing live with him. She might contend that this was to reside therein.” an unforeseen and controlling exigency beyond her There is a peculiarity in the phraseology of this power to foresee when she married him. It does section, to which attention should be called. The not seem likely, however, that this would be con¬ sentence, If at the termination of the marital sidered a reason for holding that the statutory pre¬ status she is a citizen of the United States she sumption of loss of citizenship was overcome. shall retain her citizenship regardless of her resi¬ There is one difference between the five-year dence, does not refer to the women mentioned in provision in the new Act and the five-year pro¬ the sentence immediately preceding this sentence, vision in the Act of March 2, 1907, which should that is, those who marry aliens ineligible to citi¬ be observed. The former provides that loss of zenship and thereby lose their American citizen¬ citizenship shall be presumed from a residence of ship. It obviously refers to those who marry five years “outside the United States,” whereas aliens eligible to citizenship and do not, by such the Act of 1907 provided that such presumption marriage, lose their American citizenship. should arise after a residence of “five years in any other foreign state,” that is, other than the EXPATRIATION IN A NEW LIGHT foreign state from which the naturalized citizen The provision that the presumption of loss of came. According to the Department’s construc¬ citizenship shall arise in the case of an American tion of the Act of 1907, this related to a residence woman who marries an alien eligible for naturali¬ of five years in a single foreign state, and the pre¬ zation, in case she resides in the country of his na¬ sumption did not arise from residence in two or tionality for two years or in case she resides for more foreign states aggregating five years. Under five years “outside the United States” will prob¬ the new law, the presumption evidently does arise ably give rise to some difficult questions. It is from such residence. stated that such a woman shall “be subject to the Perhaps it will be found necessary to prescribe same presumption as is a naturalized citizen of the (Continued on page 118) [ion ELECTION RUMORS accomplished with little disorder and practically no disturbance to business. The bond market The political atmosphere was portentously continued to show a firm tone today; railroad electrical during the last days of the late cam¬ earnings are increasing; car loadings are still at paign. The friends of the nine candidates in the record-breaking proportions and other reports field exhorted, orated, canvassed, promised, were of the same optimistic nature. As might begged, bargained, babbled and raised, in short, have been expected, there was some reaction in one of the most frightful disturbances to which CO, CP and DC-2. Receipts of Form 341 were Room 109 had ever echoed. Many scalps, it is slightly irregular, but the Boston wool market believed, have been noted for future lifting. advanced 30 cents for the week—a slightly sus¬ Gossip heard in the corridors leads us to be¬ picious fluctuation, in view of Mr. Shepard’s lieve that the inside facts as to Consul Shepard’s majority. reelection (by a large majority) to succeed him¬ self are these: WHAT IS A FIELD? He refused to go about the country and make “Why go to the field this time of year?” de¬ speeches, but gave a signed statement to one of manded the inquirer when hearing that a Consul our contemporaries (ignoring the BULLETIN, al¬ was about to leave for service abroad in the month though we were not opposed to his candidacy) of December, and with the destination having to the effect that he had been pulled into the cam¬ been referred to indefinitely as the field. The paign by main strength; and while he wished to first and obvious counter-question was: “Why not?” But then, realizing that the expression help his party, he had made up his mind to leave had been taken literally, I enlarged upon the defi¬ politics at the end of this term and go to work nition : “But let me explain. I do not mean that to earn some money. he is going on a daisy-plucking expedition in the Although declining to compromise himself by valley of the Yangtse nor seeking edelweiss on hasty promises, we have been informed he gave the wind-blown slopes of the Alps. That field personal pledges that— which you have taken at its rustic face value, He would temporarily bury the hatchet and, if which sounds so calm and quiet and peaceful, is elected, do nothing to embarrass the new admin¬ a different institution in Consular catechism. It istration. includes all the industrial and commercial centers He would positively refuse to wear any man's in the whole world—the busy places on all conti¬ collar. nents. It takes in the oyster-bound coves of He would countenance no bolting of the ticket. Brittany, the coral-fringed strands of the Indies, He would not oppose any other successful can¬ the coconut-iced isles of the South Pacific, the palm-embroidered littoral of the Mediterranean didate’s getting a fair share of patronage. and the frost-covered banks of Albion and Scan¬ He would do all he could (not much, probably) dinavia. The Gobi and the Sahara, the Taj to keep Claiborne and Simpich reasonable. Mahal and the Leaning Tower, Fuji and the He would be unrelenting in his prosecution of Matterhorn—they are all field. Within its vast due-dodgers, and endeavor to extract a contribu¬ embrace are found millions of peoples ranging tion of $4 per annum from all visiting non-career from the inhabitants of palaces and castles to the officers and all new appointees toward the main¬ inmates of tents, huts and igloos. tenance of the BULLETIN. So you see when a Consular officer starts off In an interview given to a reporter of the with his commission in one hand, in the other he BULLETIN just prior to election day, Consul may take, so to speak, the most luxurious of Shepard pointed with pride to the condition of trappings or he may require his Delco plant, a the treasury which, under his policy of no mora¬ collapsible bathtub and bouillon cubes in order to properly establish himself and proceed to de¬ torium for due payments, has accumulated a huge velop his romance of finding new markets and surplus; and he viewed with alarm the possibility protecting old, and of learning the why, how and of a deficit (even hinted at a receivership) should whence of all that may pass within his obser¬ the control of the Association’s funds pass into vation.” the hands of the other candidates. That is a field, and the questions about it are Well, the election is over, and whatever may sufficiently numerous to keep several hundreds be its disappointments, in a general sense, the of officers well occupied in every corner of the BULLETIN rejoices that the transfer of power was globe. [102] Carnival Season on the Tropic of Capricorn By E. M. Lawton, American Consul at Sao Paulo, Brazil

SAO PAULO is essentially Catholic. With spirit, and all Nature seems to lend an eye and an urban population of nearly 600,000, 60 an air of approval to the gayety of the occasion. percent are of European blood, with the Reference has been made to the commercial Latin races predominating. The week or ten importance of Sao Paulo. Not the least of local clays before Ash Wednesday is the play-time of industries is the manufacture of carnival goods. the year. Rome or Venice, Milan or Naples, in It would be difficult to estimate how many hun¬ these years of economic upheavals, will possibly dreds of tons of paper are made into serpentines find difficulty in keeping pace with the Carnival and confetti, how many millions of glass tubes of Sao Paulo. Sao Paulo is the second city of are fashioned into perfume throwers during the commercial importance in South America. It year, or how many thousands of pounds of fire¬ is the place where ambitious Consular officers works are burned in sacrifices to Momus, but ruin their perfectly good knowledge of Spanish numerous large and extensive factories in this and find themselves jabbering a mixture of city are employed the year around in their manu¬ Spanish, Portuguese, Italian, French and “quern facture, and they are sent all over Brazil, as well sabe que.” It is the coffee center of the world as to other South American countries and even and located directly on the parallel which divides to Europe. the. South Torrid and Temperate Zones. Carnival week begins on the Sunday before The extremely cosmopolitan population of this Lent and with the Monday and Tuesday follow¬ important Brazilian city has greatly influenced its ing, mark the important days of the feast. Little industries and progress. The Italian element or no work is done by the average Paulista on especially, originally attracted to Brazil as la¬ those days. It is the harvest time of the taxi borers in developing the coffee industry, now drivers and of the vendors of “lance perfumes,” form one-fourth of the population of the state. confetti, serpentines and other carnival materials. The richest Italian in the world is a resident of But more ambitious spirits add to the season by Sao Paulo, his fortune acquired since he came to at least a fortnight of home celebrations of Brazil some thirty years ago. One sees old masked balls, of excursions and of preparation colonial Portuguese in the architecture of the for the big event of the last three or four days. older parts of the city, but the new buildings are The industrial section of this city is known Renaissance and modern Italian, unless substi¬ as “Braz” (evidently an abbreviation of Brazil), tuted by the more modest bungalow style in the which in itself is a city of possibly 200,000 popu¬ new additions of the city. lation, separated from the city proper by a chain One does not, however, have to begin with the of parks. “Braz” is essentially Italian. Here Italian influence for the earliest stories of Car¬ live the great mass of the more humble laborers nival in Brazil. It originated, naturally, with the in the midst of the manufacturing plants of tex¬ Portuguese. Other Latin arrivals have only tiles, shoes, china and glassware, chemicals, metals, added to it. The stage setting seems so much and a thousand and one industries of greater more appropriate for its observance here than or lesser importance. On the two Sundays pre¬ in the North Temperate Zone. February and ceding Carnival Week, “little Italy” proceeds to even March are summer months south of the enjoy themselves as if to make up for the arduous “line,’’ with the added fact that the climate on toils of the other months of the year. It is a this plateau, 2,500 feet above sea level and only very poor child who does not sport a native peas¬ 35 miles from the Atlantic, leaves very little to ant garb or the costume of a miniature Pierrot be desired for perfect carnival weather. It is or Pierrette, while dark-eyed beauties flaunting not unlike Los Angeles in October, except that the abbreviated diaphanous skirts of Columbine, the grass is greener, roses are bigger and vegeta¬ frankly smile from behind their masks on swarthy tion in general in the thousands of formal gardens sons of the Adriatic correspondingly garbed as all over the city and in the parks is fairly burst¬ Harlequin or in grotesque costumes not included ing in an apparent effort to join in the carnival in the limitations of the second commandment. [103] js^ ^ AMERICAN CONSULAR, fimxBxm

CARNIVAL BALL AT SAO PAULO, BRAZIL American Naval Officers Enjoying the Carnival Festivities in Brasil

These scenes are repeated almost nightly at trucks with loads which overflow the guards and this or that “Bal Masque,” the functions growing everything else. Some have pyramids, two, three in importance, with a noticeable advance in social and even four steps or stories high, and each prominence until the real events of Carnival packed with a jolly crew, armed for the most part Week. By this time all the important dances with unlimited rolls of serpentine paper. The have passed, because there will be no time for police, of which Sao Paulo boasts a most excellent dancing, or staying indoors anywhere, once the force, have already manned the entire length of final festivities have begun. From now on “let the Avenue, and as fast as they come, the cars joy be unconfined, no sleep till morn”-—and are assigned a place in the lines, which, four deep, precious little of it even then. circle around the drive, two lines on each side of Sunday is the day of the daylight parade. the street, driving in opposite directions. Avenida Paulista, the principal thoroughfare of The great majority of the motor riders are in the city’s wealthiest residential section, is the scene costume. Many are masked. Here a social club, of this pageant. It is a wide street, asphalted, 30 strong, with uniform costumes, occupy one two miles straightaway with a “gloria” or circle decorated truck; here a bevy of society girls, with at either end, and very shortly after noon, “all at least five of them sitting on the extreme fold sorts and conditions of men” are wending their of the lowered top of a seven passenger touring way for points of vantage. By 3 o’clock, on the car (it is holding twice seven now) ; here is three or four main arteries of the city, reaching Charley Chaplin, “Carlito,” doing stunts on the to the “Avenida,” are continuous strings of motor running board, and scaring the people, with his cars of every description, from “flivvers” to evident danger of being run over any minute; Rolls-Royces; from ancient French taxis to the air for the full stretch of the Avenue is one modern limousines and twin sixes. Every car is continual and undeviating paper battle, and curio- loaded to the guards, naturally, but here one sees (Continued on page 120) [104] HOW YOUR COMMERCIAL in two or more particulars of the requirements therefor as stated above; REPORTS ARE RATED Usually general reports as distinguished from A member of the BULLETIN staff has recently specific commodity or trade extension reports; made an investigation of this very interesting sub¬ Often reports necessarily portraying an ab¬ ject and has collected informally and, of course, stract or possibly theoretical economic or com¬ unofficially the following instructive information: mercial situation which may later have a practical application to the extension of American trade Every Consular office is placed in one of five interests; classes as to the number of reports which are Called-for reports which represent no more expected each month. This is merely a check than a strict compliance with the instruction con¬ upon the activity and is less important in rating cerned and do not otherwise develop or expand the commercial efficiency of an office than the the topics suggested. quality of the reports submitted. An office may not fill its quota and yet possibly reach first rank AVERAGE (AV) Reports are: in trade promotion efficiency if the reports Often insufficiently developed called-for reports actually submitted are outstanding in quality and resulting from a mere perfunctory compliance of a comprehensive range of subjects. On the with the instruction concerned; other hand, an office may exceed its quota and Often called-for reports of purely negative na¬ still fail to make a good commercial efficiency ture where no information appears obtainable; record because of inferior quality of its contri¬ Much belated and insufficiently developed vol¬ butions. untary reports or those consisting practically of excerpted press matter, translations, or tabulated EXCELLENT (E) Reports are: statistics unaccompanied by full interpretive com¬ Usually upon subjects of first importance to ment or discussion. the district concerned, of timely interest, and especially upon those of apparent actual trade FAIR (F) Reports are: promotion utility; Usually delayed and unduly brief reports barely Comprehensive in detail, including information complying with even absolute requirements and obtained through obvious and intelligently applied showing distinct carelessness in preparation; original economic research; Excerpted press matter, translations, etc., sub¬ Indicative of a first-hand knowledge of the mitted entirely without original and interpretive economic situation in his district on the part of comment. the officer preparing them and of his energy and POOR (P) Reports are: zeal in applying such knowledge in a practical manner; Of no apparent actual or potential practical Obviously the result of considerable effort both value and are distinctly defective in the essentials in the collection of the material and in its presen¬ of form and arrangement. tation in report form; MISCELLANEOUS (M) : Skillfully and carefully arranged in compliance with all pertinent circular instructions concerning Is applied to papers of commercial and eco¬ nomic nature not susceptible of grading, and the preparation of Consular commercial and eco¬ usually in despatch form, such as requests for nomic reports. Any of the several classes of Consular reports, acknowledgments of instruc¬ called-for or of voluntary reports can meet the tions, corrections of errors in reports previously requirements for rating of EXCELLENT. submitted, etc., etc. VERY GOOD (VG) Reports are: ROUTINE (R) : Of distinct practical value and of proper Brief reports submitted periodically on printed arrangement, but fall short in one or more im¬ forms; portant particulars of the requirements for an Printed pamphlets or circulars; EXCELLENT report. And similar papers. GOOD (G) Reports are: The most frequently recurring errors in the Sometimes those of indirect trade promotion substance or form of commercial and economic utility although comprising economic and com¬ reports have been found to be: mercial information of practical value; Application of subject to American trade in- Often EXCELLENT reports which fall short (Continued on page 122) [105] Looking Back To Hongkong By Vice Consul Hugh S. Miller, Formerly at Hongkong THE bare statement that Hongkong is a sometimes by those who are trying to reduce. If British Colony in South China is inadequate, the last night tram is missed, one can be carried but no more so than the impression the casual up by a four-bearer chair. Supplementing these traveler, stopping between boats, obtains of it. methods of ascent, a motor road from the lower Either he arrives in the rainy season or lands dur¬ level to the top is nearing completion. ing the hot weather with a winter wardrobe, or is Hongkong’s roads, whether for motors or foot so intent on rushing up the river to see Canton traffic, are notable achievements. For several rea¬ that he takes Hongkong for granted—or some¬ sons, among them the presence of an unlimited thing else intervenes to distract his attention. supply of labor and material, it has been possible Kipling landed in the rainy season. Not being for the Colony to build roads on a scale and with partial to rain, his references to Hongkong have a meticulous care that few other communities in been of a polite and distant nature. the world could afford. Some of these hand¬ Of course, if one is looking for a “Paris of the made, sand-papered roads and paths are models East,” with plenty of night life, or coral beaches of construction. In places, they dive through deep with grass skirts and plaintive melodies, or great cuttings whittled and blasted out of the mountain bazaars like those of Cairo and Constantinople side as casually and liberally as if removing packed with rare treasures from far places—there granite hills were an inexpensive way of killing is little to be said. time. Elsewhere, they may be banked up solidly But if, on the other hand, one is interested in with huge retaining walls of granite masonry that the quaint and beautiful, and can contemplate liv¬ in most countries would cost a small fortune per ing in a hothouse atmosphere with an Oriental set¬ square yard. There is a walk circling the brow of ting, where the climate for half the year is hot and the Peak, just below the signal station, which, for humid and prickly heat is not unknown, where a good deal of the way, is nothing but a cement roads and paths and houses alike are propped road in the air, supported against the sheer face of against a mountain side with massive buttresses of the hill by an elaborate series of concrete pillars masonry, where one disdains to walk and is trans¬ and girders. ported in what may be regarded as the most luxu¬ When it is not too hot, these island roads and rious of all conveyances—the sedan chair, and paths are ideal for long walks. * * * Soon where life, all things considered, can be very com¬ after our arrival in Hongkong we started off fortable and very tranquil indeed, there is a good on one. deal to be said. The afternoon was warm; the atmosphere still Speaking statistically, Hongkong is an island and hazy. The route lay along Bowen Road to about twenty-six miles in circumference, a num¬ Happy Valley, then over the hills to the other ber of smaller islands, and a portion of the main¬ side of the island, and home again around the end land. The total area is three hundred and ninety- of it. square miles, and the population about 850,000, Bowen Road is a promenade for foot traffic mostly Chinese. The harbor, one of the busiest only—except, perhaps, a ricksha from one of the and finest harbors in existence, lies between the big houses just above, or the motorcycle side¬ large island and the mainland. car outfit of an inquiring policeman. It is built The main island is mountainous, and composed on an aqueduct that winds in and out along the chiefly of granite, with enough covering of soil to side of the hill, sometimes pinned against it by give root to dense vegetation. On the harbor side, masonry, and sometimes supported loftily across facing the mainland of China, is the city of Vic¬ rocky canyons by interesting structures of iron toria. The town begins at the harbor’s edge and and cement. Beside and over it are thick ferns goes up. It continues to go up. It goes up, level and the foliage of trees, through which flash birds by level, until it goes over the top! Up there is a of bright colors, some of them trailing long very attractive residential section, with some of plumage behind them. The road itself is smooth the finest views in the world. and level, and as clean as if dusted each morning The usual way to reach the Peak is by cable by an army of housemaids. tramway. This is a hair-raising journey. It is It was about four miles to Happy Valley—- possible to climb the hill on foot, and it is done four miles along this road, which overhangs the [106] town, overlooks the harbor, and from which at giving place to a footpath we could find only by every step were new views of quaint streets and prodding the darkness with a walking stick, we house roofs garnished with necklaces of tree- realized that we were lost somewhere in the tops, of the water front thronged with tiny hu¬ middle of the island. We had climbed innumer¬ mans attending toy sampans, of the wide harbor able hills, and were tired. Nowhere was there dotted with ocean-going steamships which from a glimmer of a light. The only sounds were the above seemed very rustle of rain and the small and, beyond, of occasional murmur of the mainland and small streams tum¬ mountains of China, bling over rocks. piled irregularly At last, about 10 against a sky of palest o’clock, we stopped blue. where the feel of a We crossed the is¬ light breeze told us we land and looked out on were in an open place the China Sea—a still and, the darkness be¬ sea which in the dis¬ ing just as impene¬ tance was welded to trable as before, com¬ the sky with hardly a plained audibly. Then, sign of join. At our suddenly, out of that feet were sandy impenetrable darkness, beaches and a gentle right at our very ears, surf curling over the a gruff voice uttered rocks of protecting an unintelligible excla¬ promontories. mation. With shaking There is a hotel at hands I struck a Repulse Bay, and here match. we had tea and were It revealed a police given traveling direc¬ box, within which was tions. Keep to the a big Sikh policeman motor road around the in uniform, sheltered island, they said, and from the rain. at Shaukiwan, the end “Hongkong?” we of the line, take the managed to gasp, in¬ tramway home. quiringly. The haze was thick¬ “Yes,” he said, ening into mist, and in emerging. “Hong¬ a little while it turned kong.” to rain. Daylight faded Stooping, he pointed to darkness. The road down the mountain was mostly up hill. It side, under the thicker became very lonely, part of the blanket of very dark, and very fog and rain. Far wet. away, and seeming They had told us to NEW VIEWS, AT EVERY STEP, OF HOUSE thousands of feet be¬ keep to the motor ROOFS AND HARBOR low, was a dim cluster road—and we did; but of lights. It was the in time—hours later, it seemed—we came to town, at last. Eventually we descended, found where the road divided. Should we go straight rickshas, and were delivered home weary and ahead, or take the curve to the left? We debated bedraggled. We had walked twenty miles or it, standing there in the rain and dark. * * * more, and after that we felt we knew Hongkong—- Finally, by the light of matches we discovered it roads and hills—with the knowledge one ac¬ that the macadamized surface swung to the left. quires of a place by going over it painstakingly, Therefore the road was built to turn to the left. inch by inch. So to the left we went. Perhaps because this is written in , Miles farther, when the road ended abruptly, thoughts of Hongkong are mostly thoughts of [107] its entertaining climate and its outdoor life. For THE NEW PRESIDENT that matter, life in Hongkong is mostly an out¬ door proposition. Half the year—except for the The very great compliment has been paid me rains—the weather is wonderful for golf; the of an invitation to send a message to the members other half it is ideal for swimming. There is of the American Consular Association. plenty of both. The rainy season is fine for My first thought was to send the traditional—• bridge. “SUCCESS TO IT.” Instantly I realized the Even though it rains during the wet season, it feeble futility of any is a well-conducted affair. There is no mud on such wording. Thanks the island, because there is no place for it. The be! one does not have water is carried off down the hillside in trenches to wish success to lined with masonry—called nullahs—making a what American Con¬ good deal of fuss in the process. The streets and sular Service men set roads are paved. There is no reason to get wet, themselves to d o—- because your sedan chair will pick you up in they quietly do it! your own door and put you down on your friend’s Now, this may sound front porch, or in his dining room if you want to a few outsiders who it to. do not know a little Where there is no mud, there is no dust. There expansive, with per¬ is little wind, except when a typhoon is in the haps a touch of Serv¬ ice pride, mingled with HORACE LEE neighborhood. For part of the year, the Peak WASHINGTON is afflicted with fog, though the lower levels are a pinch of inaccuracy. fairly free from it. The humidity is high and But ask any inspector, Consul General at Liver¬ persistent, and hard on clothing, cameras, dispo¬ present or past. He pool, England. President sitions and everything else one wants to preserve. has seen the work of the American Consu¬ There are the usual odd insects to he found in done in out-of-the- lar Association and near the tropics including flying cockroaches way places by men in three inches long and spiders big enough to kid¬ inconspicuous positions, work that save for the in¬ nap the cockroaches. The spiders are harmless spector never would have been known of. This enough. We had one, more or less a pet, whose is the Service spirit that now runs through our spread of legs was as wide as the full span of a Association. Years—I fear I ought to say many man’s hand. Cockroaches are destructive to years—ago when I joined up, a high official in the clothing, hut they had no chance at ours with Department of State brought me up with a round Michael on guard. turn one day when I referred to the Consular High humidity, heat, rain and tropical insects “Service.” He went to considerable pains and may not sound alluring to everybody, but they in detail explained to me that there was no such might, at that, if everybody was in Canada in thing in existence as the Consular “Service.” December, with a wardrobe of white clothes and Well, I was optimistic then—I had to be. I am sun helmets. What use is a sun helmet in Quebec optimistic now, but again thanks he! to those in winter? past and present who presented our case to Con¬ gress, and to a modest gentleman, a few details When it is snugly tucked against the wall as a concerning whom recently appeared in the Satur¬ souvenir and the low degrees of frost announce day Evening Post, who sees to it that the spirit that the weather is in form for ski-ing and tobog¬ ganing, it is then that I look back to Hongkong as well as the letter of the word “Service” is and remember only the bright warm tropical sun, fulfilled in many ways, one of which ways is by the blue waters of the bay, the flowers and the example, the Service does exist, and that an golden sunsets. Association of American Consuls also exists. Coming back to the Department, one time on a Ihe Peak stands like a sentinel ever on guard visit, I encountered in the corridor one of our over the busy port, where the ships of all nations Consuls General, now, unhappily, gone from us, come and go every hour of the day and night like who was of the Department staff during the time a continuous and well-organized naval parade. It above referred to, and he said in a half-reminis¬ is the symbol of the Far East, and one who has cent manner, “Remember how we used to laugh come under its spell does not easily free himself at your talk of a permanent organization? Well,” from its allurement and fascination. It will re¬ he continued in a rather sort of dazed manner, main as one of the colorful remembrances of con¬ it has come. ’ And, fellow members, it has sular life. come and it has come to stay. [108] COMPTROLLER GENERAL DECISION Under date of January 16, 1923, the Comp¬ troller General of the United States advised the Department of State that under the provisions of sections 4577 and 4581, Revised Statutes, as amended, the “only instances in which a Consular officer is specifically required to make payments from United States funds on account of Ameri¬ can seamen are when an American seaman is found destitute within his district and when an American seaman is discharged by or before him on account of injury or illness incapacitating said seaman for service. “The subsistence or maintenance required to he furnished in these cases is such only as may be necessary pending the return of the seaman to the United States at the earliest practicable date. Such relief may he furnished an American sea¬ man discharged by or before a Consular officer on account of injury or illness incapacitating him for service regardless of whether said seaman may have funds of his own sufficient for his immediate needs; and the fact that the injury or illness may have resulted from his own mis¬ THE OLD GUARD conduct does not affect the seaman’s right to such relief. Consul General Cunningham of Shanghai, China, “A Consular officer is not required by law to submits the above photograph of Mr. IVong Soong furnish relief from United States funds to a Dong, who has been employed in the American seaman who has not been discharged unless said Consulate General there continuously since March seaman is found destitute within the Consular officer’s district.” 5, 1871—a record period no doubt of 52 years’ sendee. He has served under 16 Consids General in that time. “One of Mr. Wong’s pleasant mem¬ Consul General Charles C. Eberhardt returned to the Department early in March after several ories,” zvrites Consul General Cunningham, “was months of well-deserved leave of absence. For the z'isit of President U. S. Grant. He acted as thirteen years Mr. Eberhardt has inspected Con¬ the President’s guide on various sightseeing trips sular offices in Mexico, Central and South through the Native City and other districts of America and the Far East; and he is now about Shanghai,” Upon his departure, President Grant to begin another trip through his new district— Eastern Europe. With sympathies as wide as presented Mr. Wong -with a gold eagle -watch the world he has so long traveled, Mr. Eber¬ charm, which forms one of the treasures of the hardt possesses the personality necessary to suc¬ faithful assistant. cessfully cooperate with officers at all sorts of posts, and he invariably displays a practical in¬ terest in the problems—official and personal—of every officer he meets. How many Consuls have Colonel William Eric Fowler, well known in been helped over the rough places by this kindly, Washington social and financial circles, has been considerate and hard-working inspector? The named to accompany the delegates of this Gov¬ field force alone can answer. ernment to the conference at Santiago. Colonel Mr. Eberhardt always impresses upon every Fowler for many years has been a student of officer and every clerk that the Service is an international finance and foreign trade develop¬ organization composed of men working in a ment and has devoted considerable attention common purpose and toward a common end, and especially to the bourses and markets of South that success is the success of teamwork. American countries. [109] j^MERIOVN CONSULAR, jyrLLETIM

Pinkerton and Mr. Dick are consular officers on deta’l at the Department of State. The motion < was unanimously passed and the chairman accord- 1 J—1 I J ^ ingly advised the above-mentioned gentlemen who CONSUL readily consented to accept the responsibility for future editions of the BULLETIN.

PUBLISHED MONTHLY BY THE AMERICAN CON¬ RESOLUTION SULAR ASSOCIATION, WASHINGTON, D. C. Whereas Mr. Frederick Simpich has served as The American Consular Bulletin is published monthly by the Editor of the CONSULAR BULLETIN since August, American Consular Association, and is distributed by the /ls.so- ciation to its members gratis. The Bulletin is also open to pri¬ 1922, and has contributed greatly, by a generous vate subscription in the United States and abroad at the rate oj bestowal of thought and energy, to the upbuild¬ $4.00 a year, or 35 cents a copy, payable to the American Con¬ sular Bulletin, c/o Consular Bureau, Department of State, Wash¬ ing of the magazine; and ington, D. C. The purposes of the Bulletin are (1) to serve as an exchange Whereas he now informs the Executive Com¬ among American consular officers for personal news and for mittee that the pressure of private business neces¬ information and opinions respecting the proper discharge of their functions, and to keep them in touch with business and sitates his resignation. Be it administrative developments which are of moment to them; and (2) to disseminate information respecting the work of the Con¬ Resolved, That the Executive Committee here¬ sular Service among interested persons in the United States, by regretfully accept Mr. Simpich’s resignation including business men and others having interests abroad, and young men who may be considering the Consular Service as a as Editor, record by this resolution its high ap¬ career. Propaganda and articles of a tendential nature, especially such preciation of what he has done for the BULLETIN as might be aimed to influence legislature, executive or adminis¬ and tender to him the Association’s very sincere trative action with respect to the Consular Service, or the Depax' ment of State, are rigidly excluded from its columns. thanks. Contributions should be addressed to the American Consular Bulletin, c/o Consular Bureau, Department of State, Washing¬ ton, D. C. THE BULLETIN expresses its appreciation of the splendid assistance from the officers in the field. Many good articles and pic¬ A MEETING of the executive committee of tures have been received, and as required will be the American Consular Association was considered for publication. Don’t become dis¬ held on , 1923, primarily for couraged if your contribution does not appear the purpose of considering replacing the staff of at once. The greatest satisfaction to the editors the BULLETIN, due to the resignation of Mr. is a feeling that there is material laid up for the Frederick Simpich, the editor, and the resignation fateful rainy day. Please remember also that in of Mr. Dorsey Richardson, assistant to the editor. order to make a good cut your photographs should Mr. Simpich, being absent from the Department be on glased paper. Many artistic pictures in half on leave, wrote the secretary from Hamburg, tones and sepia finishes are received, but they do Germany, stating that in view of the indefinite not make satisfactory cuts. If you send photo¬ period he would be away on account of personal graphs which are copyrighted, always indicate business, it would be better for practicable pur¬ plainly to whom credit should be given for poses to appoint a new editor and therefore ten¬ them.—Ed. dered his resignation. Mr. Richardson recently resigned from the Department to accept a position with the United MEETING OF THE CONSULAR States Lines as its European representative. Dur¬ ASSOCIATION ing the absence of Mr. Simpich, Consul General Norton assumed responsibility for the January, Twenty-nine members of the American Con¬ February and March issues of the BULLETIN. sular Association in Washington met at a lun¬ The question of appointing a permanent staff and cheon in the Spanish room of the Madrillon on selecting permanent officers of the BULLETIN Friday, March 9, 1923. Mr. Carr was present was thoroughly discussed and it was decided that and did the Association the honor of presiding it would be in the interest of the BULLETIN to and of making a short talk on the Rogers Bill. appoint an editor with two assistants. The order He called attention to the fact that there have been was moved and seconded that Mr. Flarry M. few, if any, bills on any subject that have had Lakin be requested to act as editor of the BULLE¬ such unqualified approval of both houses of Con¬ TIN and that Mr. Pinkerton and Mr. Dick act as gress, and that its failure to pass the Senate was associate editors, this arrangement becoming due rather to a lack of time than of lack of in- effective with the April issue. Mr. Lakin, Mr. (Continued on page 124) [110] The following transfers, appointments and now Clerk at Cienfuegos, transferred to be Vice resignations have occurred in the Service be¬ Consul and Clerk, Curacao. tween and March 10, 1923. Joseph Hoffay, of , has been ap¬ George Horton, Consul General at Smyrna, de¬ pointed Consular Agent at Victoria, Brazil. tailed to the Department; Charles E. Allen, now detailed Damascus, detailed Constantinople; The following Consular officers registered at James H. Keeley, now assigned Constantinople, the Department of State during the period from detailed Damascus, and Alfred T. Burri, detailed to March 14: temporarily at Tananarive, assigned Constanti¬ Alphonse Gaulin, Consul General at Rio de nople ; Lawrence P. Briggs, now assigned Riviere Janeiro. du Loup, assigned Nuevitas, and George G. Charles C. Eberhardt, Consul General at Large. Duffee, now assigned Nuevitas, detailed Habana, Samuel H. Wiley, Consul at Oporto. while John C. Moomaw, now assigned Montreal, Peter H. A. Flood, Vice Consul at . Einar T. Anderson, Vice Consul at Habana. is assigned to Charlottetown, and Arthur B. Giroux goes to Riviere du Loup; V. Winthrop Harold L. Smith, Vice Consul at Antwerp. O’Hara, now detailed Barcelona, detailed to T. Monroe Fisher, Vice Consul at Habana. Winnipeg; Nelson R. Park, now assigned Guate¬ Harold L. Schamberger, Vice Consul at mala, assigned Callao-Lima; Leroy Webber, now Valencia. assigned Vice Consul Palermo, promoted to be Consul of Class 7 and detailed to Hongkong. SERVICE WEDDINGS Consular Assistants Herbert S. Bursley and LAMONT-O’DONOGHUE. The marriage Christian N. Ravndal have been promoted to be of Miss Katharine Lamont and Mr. Sidney E. Vice Consuls of Career Class 3, and assigned to O’Donoghue was solemnized on September 30, their present posts, Constantinople and , 1922, at the home of the bride’s uncle, Mr. respectively. Thomas W. Lamont, Beech Road, Englewood, Vice Consuls and Clerks Curtis T. Everett at New Jersey. Stuttgart, Winfred H. Scott at Alexandria, Harry Mr. O’Donoghue is Vice Consul of Career L. Troutman at Milan, and Harvey L. Milbourne assigned to Saloniki, Greece. at Tsinan, have been promoted to be Vice Consuls DENT-BOYER. The marriage of Miss of Career Class 3, and assigned to their present Evalyn Alice Marguerite Dent, of London, Eng¬ posts. land, and Mr. James Washington Boyer, Jr., of Student Interpreter Robert L. Smyth at Peking Boston, Mass., took place in the American Con¬ promoted to be an Interpreter and appointed Vice sulate at Jerusalem, Palestine, on January 23, Consul and Interpreter at Hankow. 1923. The Rev. Archibald Clinton Harte offi¬ ciated. Among the non-career officers the following Mr. Boyer is a clerk in the Consulate at Jeru- Vice Consuls and Clerks have been transferred Scilcm in the same capacities: MORGAN - VANDERBILT. Miss Gloria Gordon L. Burke from Changsha to Swatow, Morgan, daughter of Consul General and Mrs. Charles M. Gerrity from Prague to Bergen, H. H. Morgan, and Mr. Reginald C. Vanderbilt Garcia D. Ingells from Riviere du Loup to Mar¬ were united in marriage by the Rev. John Haynes tinique, Davis B. Levis from Cherbourg to Havre, Holmes on March 6, 1923, at the home of Mr. John W. O’Brien from Havre to Rotterdam, and Mrs. E. von der Horst Koch, 6 East Ninety- Augustus Ostertag from Cartagena to . second Street, New York. Amados Chaves, now Clerk at La Guaira, ap¬ The bride, in the absence of her father, was pointed Vice Consul there, and Leo J. Reisler, given in marriage by Mr. Glenn Stewart. [Ill] The BULLETIN takes pleasure in announcing THE NEW OFFICERS the following births, and congratulates the parents upon the glad events: The BULLETIN extends its thanks and best A daughter, Helene Esther, was born to Mr. wishes to the outgoing officers of the Consular and Mrs. Sidney Arthur Belovsky, at Prince Association and its cordial congratulations to their Rupert, British Columbia, on , 1923. newly elected successors. Mr. Belovsky is clerk in the Consulate there. Especially gratifying to the Association’s offi¬ A daughter, Alexandra, was born to Vice cers at this time is the deepening interest taken Consul and Mrs. Alexander Pendleton Cruger, by members in the Association and its aims. The at Marseille, France, on February 10, 1923. heavy vote cast at this election is evidence that A son, Robert Arthur, was born to Mr. and members throughout the world have at heart the Mrs. Arthur C. A. Hacker, at Johannesburg, promotion of the purposes of our Association. South Africa, on January 23, 1923. Mr. Hacker The problem is not how much we can get out is clerk in the Consulate at Johannesburg. of the Service or the Association, but how much A son, John Francis, was born to Consular we can put into it. Kipling expressed the idea Agent and Mrs. Eugene E. Jova, at Sagua la when (slightly to paraphrase the verse) he wrote: Grande, Cuba, on October 4, 1921. It ain’t the individual A daughter, Mary Lane, was born to Consul and Mrs. Robert B. Macatee, at Geneva, Switzer¬ Nor the Service as a whole, land, on , 1923. But the everlasting teamwork A daughter, Annette Evelyn, was born to Of every bloomin’ soul. Consul and Mrs. Charles R. Nasmith, at Ghent, Belgium, on January 23, 1923. NECROLOGY Charlemagne Tower, formerly Minister to President Harding has named Edwin B. Austria, and Ambassador to Russia and to Ger¬ Parker, a Democrat, as the American Com¬ many, died on , 1923, of pneumonia missioner under the treaty negotiated between the in a hospital at , Pa. United States and Germany. The American- Mr. Tower was born in Philadelphia on April German Claims Commission is composed of an 17, 1848. He attended the public schools of American Commissioner, a German Commis¬ and prepared at Phillips Academy, sioner, and an umpire. At the request of Ger¬ Exeter, for Harvard, from which university he many to name the umpire, President Harding has designated Mr. Justice Day, now and for years graduated in 1872. After several years traveling past a member of the United States Supreme and studying in Europe he began the study of Court and formerly Secretary of State under law and was admitted to the bar in 1878. President McKinley, as umpire. Justice Day has In the course of his law practice he became signified his acceptance of this trust as a fitting actively engaged in various industrial enterprises capstone to his long life of conspicuous service. until 1897, when he was appointed Minister to The Republic of Germany has selected Dr. Wil¬ Austria-Hungary. Two years later he was made helm Kisselbach, of Hamburg, a distinguished Ambassador to Russia, where he remained until international lawyer, as German Commissioner, 1902, when he was given the post of Ambassador and the Commission is now complete. Under the terms of the treaty, all claims of the to , resigning in 1908. United States and its nationals for loss of life, Several universities honored Mr. Tower with injury to person, loss or damage to property and degrees. He was a trustee of the University of debts owing by Germany or its nationals, will be Pennsylvania, vice-president of the Historical So¬ finally adjudicated by the American-German Claims Commission, Justice Day acting as umpire ciety of Pennsylvania, a member of the Academy in any case in which the Commissioners may fail of Natural Sciences and the American Institute to agree. of Mining Engineers. [112] ROBERT S. S. BERGH Staffordshire Sentinel of , 1923, publishes article of affectionate remembrance of the late Consul Robert S. S. Bergh, who died at his post, Stavanger, Norway: Former American Consul in the Potteries We regret to record the death of Colonel Robert S. S. Bergh, formerly United States Consul in Stoke-on-Trent, who passed away on Saturday at Stavanger, Norway, where he had been the American Consul since leaving North Stafford¬ shire in December, 1919. Mrs. Bergh died dur- Colonel Bergh’s residence in North Staffordshire, and he was accompanied to Norway (his native country) by his two daughters, Miss Dagney Bergh and Miss Mimi Bergh, his other children being resident in America. Miss Dagney Bergh subsequently married Mr. H. C. Ellis, solicitor, of Burslem (son of Mr. Arthur Ellis), and since he resigned his commission in the Indian Army, they have resided at Alsager. Miss Mimi Bergh remained with her father, and devotedly and lovingly nursed him, and also ably assisted in the performance of his official duties, as he gradually Wanted: became an invalid. Deep sympathy goes out to Colonel Bergh’s family in their bereavement from Photographs like this—of natives performing their many friends in North Staffordshire, by their daily tasks or engaged in their own forms whom Colonel Bergh and his children have always of recreation—are being eagerly sought by the been held in sincere and cordial respect and af¬ National Geographic Magazine. By securing fection. such pictures, you will be forming an interesting Colonel Bergh, who was the United States and profitable hobby for leisure hours. Consul in Stoke-on-Trent for eight years, was a native of Norway, but was taken to America when If you like to write, submit also carefully pre¬ very young. There he met the late Mrs. Bergh, pared descriptions of the customs of the people who was also a native of Norway, and who died and the characteristics of their country. after Colonel Bergh came to Staffordshire. His two younger daughters were born in America, The State Department, to which all articles from consular writers are and their brother, Mr. Isidor Bergh, who served submitted, has been glad to approve with the American Army in France, was born in publication. Sweden. Colonel Bergh received his first Consular ap¬ Tell native photographers and friends seeking pointment from the American Government in outlets for pictures and articles, of this market 1898, when he was appointed to Sweden, where he in THE GEOGRAPHIC. remained for ten years. He was then a year and a half in Germany, and next went to Belgrade, All material accepted is Brochure descriptive of paid for promptly at at¬ material desired and book¬ the capital of , and was there for four tractive rates, and that let about The Society and which is unavailable is Magazine mailed on re¬ years, with his family. The American Minister returned promptly by in¬ quest. for Serbia, Bulgaria, and Rumania resided at sured post. Address, The Editor. Bucharest, and it fell to Colonel Bergh to repre¬ sent the Minister in Belgrade, where he was well known and highly regarded in diplomatic circles, National Geographic and enjoyed the friendship of Sir Ralph Paget, British Minister at Belgrade, and Lady Paget. Magazine He was given the Serbian Order of St. Sava. Twelve years ago, Colonel Bergh came from Washington, D. C. [113] Serbia to be American Consul at Stoke-on-Trent. the Council Chamber. He occupied a seat next During his residence in North Staffordshire the to the Mayor (Alderman W. E. Robinson, J. P.), value of his work as American Consul, and the with the American flag unfurled overhead. The courtesy with which he performed his responsible Council sent greetings through Colonel Bergh to duties, were highly appreciated by the local busi¬ the President of the United States, and Colonel ness community, while the linguistic accomplish¬ Bergh presented to the Corporation a plaque por¬ ments of himself and his family, and his chil¬ trait of President Wilson, which now hangs in dren’s artistic capacity and social charm, gave the Mayor’s parlor. them a distinct place in the local life, and gained Finding the climate of North Staffordshire them many friends, notwithstanding his natural rather trying, Colonel Bergh intimated that he modesty and shyness. The duties of the Ameri¬ would like a change, and he was appointed Ameri¬ can Consul in North Staffordshire are specially can Consul at Stavanger, South Norway, so that onerous, owing to the large exports of pottery to after many years he returned to the country of America, and the necessity of seeing that the his birth, and was well pleased that it should be American tariff regulations are fully complied so.' The news of his death revives happy with. Colonel Bergh spoke cordially of the good memories of the family’s residence in North Staf¬ faith of the North Staffordshire exporters, and fordshire, and Colonel Bergh will ever be remem¬ on the other hand, they gladly recognized that bered by all who knew him as an able and faithful while resolutely faithful to his duty to the country representative of the United States and as an he represented, he was fair and courteous, so that accomplished, kindly and courtly gentleman. he left us amidst the respect and the most cordial good-will of local business and social circles. ALBERT WILLIAM PONTIUS When the war happily gave place to peace, Colonel Bergh was invited by the Mayor of Stoke- The death of Consul General Albert W. on-Trent to be present at the official celebration in Pontius at Mukden on February 26, 1923, was

To the Consular Representatives of the United States:

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[114] DOES THE CONSULAR SERVICE OF THE UNITED STATES APPRECIATE THAT ABOUT 25 % OF THE FOREIGN TRADE OF THE UNITED STATES IS IN TEXTILE FIBRES AND THEIR PRODUCTS

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[115] a shock to the majority of his friends, who had experience perhaps equaled by no other officer not appreciated the seriousness of his recent ill¬ in that country. Chungking, Dalny, Nanking, ness, and who had hoped that his plucky optimism Newchwang, Foochow and Canton were succes¬ would, with relief from work, speedily restore sively held by him with invariable fidelity. His him to his usual good health. His loss, at the appointment as Consul General came in 1919, age of forty-four, deprives the Service of an when he was transferred from Canton to Muk¬ officer who had spent twenty years in China of den, the capital of Manchuria. His recent pro¬ constant usefulness to his Government and who, motion to be a Consul General of Class III came by reason of his faithfulness and special experi¬ as a fitting recognition of many duties well per¬ ence, might well have been expected to serve a formed. further like period of ever increasing value to The writer’s first acquaintance with Mr. his country. Appointed a student interpreter at Pontius dated from 1909, when they traveled Peking in 1903, he was among the very first of to China by the same ship. Since that time meet¬ those designated to study the Chinese language ings have been but seldom, but among his first by way of preparation for a Consular career. vivid impressions of the Orient, he remembers After completing this course of study, Mr. the genial and cheerful “Yankee Consul,” tall and Pontius served as Vice Consul at Tientsin, New- slender, always ready for work or play, or for chwang and Hankow. Subsequently, after a brief anything that the future might have in store. period in the Department in 1908 as Assistant to Mr. Pontius’ home was at St. Paul, Minn., and the Chief of the Division of Far Eastern Affairs, he is survived by his widow and three children. he was appointed Consul at Swatow, where he Mrs. Pontius is a native of Guernsey, Channel opened the Consulate, or, more precisely, re¬ Islands. The BULLETIN, on behalf of the Ameri¬ opened an office which had been closed for many can Consular Association, extends to her its years. His later assignments as Consul took him sincere sympathy in her bereavement. to every part of China and gave him a range of M. F. P.

Conveniencing the Consul

HEN Duty or Pleasure calls the consul to the Nation s capital, the official and social environ¬ ment and the luxurious comfort at The Shoreham enable him to dwell in his own realm. H : -

15th and H Streets, N. W. Washington, D. C.

[116] George John Williams, formerly Vice Consul President to the Senate for promotions in the and clerk at Milan, Italy, died of pneumonia at Consular Service was that of Mr. Maynard B. Marsivan, Turkey, on December 14, 1922, where Barnes, who was promoted from Vice Consul de he was a member of the Near East Relief. Carriere to Consul of Class 7 in recognition of Mr. Williams fell a victim to the malady from his service during the Smyrna disaster in Sep¬ which he did not recover while directing the tember, 1922. In his official report Captain A. J. evacuation of orphan children from Marsivan to Hepburn, U. S. N., in charge of the American Samsoun. Naval Forces at Smyrna, reported that after the His bereaved parents, Rev. and Mrs. William departure of Consul General Horton the entire John Williams, reside at Foxburg, Pa. responsibility for Consular activities fell upon Mr. Barnes, who performed his duties in an alert, During the month of February, 1923, there cheerful, cool-headed and clear-thinking manner. were 2,250 Trade Letters transmitted to the De¬ Captain Hepburn goes on to say: “Aside from partment, as against 3,020 in January. his exceptional efficiency in the performance of The Consulate General at Habana, Cuba, took important and difficult duties, his general bearing first place in the number of Trade Letters sub¬ was in itself a very positive influence in promot¬ mitted, having 64, followed by Mexico City (50), ing confidence and preventing ill-considered ac¬ Santo Domingo (48), Montevideo (39), and tion on the part of others. The example set by Pernambuco (36). During the period , 1923, to Febru¬ Vice Consul Barnes during this memorable time ary 28, 1923, inclusive, 1,110 general and mis¬ should be recorded with pride in the annals of cellaneous letters were received in the Department the Consular Service.” for transmission to the addresses in the United This is only further evidence of the policy of States. The Consulate at Riga led with 258, fol¬ the Administration to give substantial recogni¬ lowed by London with 120, and Prague with 92. tion to meritorious service of Diplomatic and Among the names recently submitted by the Consular officers.

THIS map illustrates the world-wide distribution of Gar¬ goyle Products. In addition to the vast distribution in the United States, Gargoyle Products are: Marketed in over 40 countries. Lubricating Oils Manufactured in 18 refineries and works (indicated by flags.) Stocked in over 600 warehouses. A grade for each type tf soviet Obtainable at over 250 ports of call (indicated by dots.) Vacuum Service covers the world. COMPANY NEW YORK, U. S. A.

[117] MARRIED WOMEN’S STANDARD OIL CO. OF NEW YORK CITIZENSHIP (Continued from page 101) 26 Broadway New York special rules where under the presumption arising against married women, under Section 3 of the new Act, may be overcome. It will probably be difficult, however, to formulate such rules, since married women ordinarily reside with their hus¬ bands for the simple reason that they married them for the purpose of living with them. The existence of the family as a social, if not a political, unit, has hardly been destroyed by the new law.

RESUMPTION OF CITIZENSHIP “Sec. 4. That a woman who, before the passage of this Act, has lost her United States citizenship The Mark of Quality by reason of her marriage to an alien eligible for citizenship, may be naturalized as provided by sec¬ tion 2 of this Act: Provided, That no certificate of arrival shall be required to he filed with her petition if during the continuance of the marital Socony status she shall have resided within the United States. After her naturalization she shall have the same citizenship status as if her marriage had taken place after the passage of this Act.” It is important to observe that, as Section 3 of Products the Act of March 2, 1907, has been repealed by the new Act, American women who lost their American nationality, under the old law, by marry¬ Illuminating Oils ing aliens can no longer recover American na¬ tionality, after the termination of the marital rela¬ tion by death or divorce, simply “by registering as Lubricating Oils and Greases an American citizen within one year with a consul of the United States, or by returning to reside in Gasoline and Motor Spirits the United States.” Under the provisions of the new law just quoted, it will be necessary for them Fuel Oil to apply for and obtain naturalization, according to the provisions of Section 2. Asphaltums, Binders and MARRIAGE WITH INELIGIBLES Road Oils “Sec. 5. That no woman whose husband is not eligible to citizenship shall be naturalized during Paraffine Wax and Candles the continuance of the marital status.” This provision needs little comment. It is in Lamps, Stoves and Heaters line with the provision of Section 3 that “any woman citizen who marries an alien ineligible to citizenship shall cease to be a citizen of the United States.” It seems likely that Congress, in adopting Branch Offices in the Principal Cities of this provision, had in mind particularly cases of Japan Philippine Islands Turkey American women who marry aliens ineligible to China Straits Settlements Syria citizenship and who continue to reside in the Indo-China Netherlands India Bulgaria United States. Siam South Africa Greece “Sec. 6. That section 1994 of the Revised India Australasia Jugoslavia Statutes and section 4 of the Expatriation Act of 1907 are repealed. Such repeal shall not termi¬ nate citizenship acquired or retained under either [118] of such sections nor restore citizenship lost under section 4 of the Expatriation Act of 1907.” Section 1994 of the Revised Statutes has been quoted above. For convenient reference, I shall quote Section 4 of the Act of 1907. It reads as follows: “That any foreign woman who acquires Ameri¬ can citizenship by marriage to an American shall be assumed to retain the same after the termina¬ tion of the marital relation if she continue to reside in the United States, unless she makes formal re¬ nunciation thereof before a court having jurisdic¬ tion to naturalize aliens, or, if she resides abroad, she may retain her citizenship by registering as such before a United States Consul within one year after the termination of such marital rela¬ tion.” The second sentence in Section 6 should be ob¬ served with care. Its meaning, however, is so Experience clear that it hardly seems necessary to comment Nothing counts in ocean-travel upon it. service like experience. Operations “Sec. 7. That section 3 of the Expatriation Act extending over more than 50 years of 1907 is repealed. Such repeal shall not restore have witnessed the sound develop¬ citizenship lost under such section nor terminate ment and sure growth of our citizenship resumed under such section. A woman famous Lines to their present com¬ who has resumed under such section citizenship manding position in the North- lost by marriage shall, upon the passage of this Atlantic passenger trade. These Act, have for all purposes the same citizenship Lines carried more than 210,000 status as immediately preceding her marriage.” passengers across the Atlantic last The above observations concerning Section 6 year, including more than one- are equally applicable to Section 7. third of all first-class passengers The Department has held that the new Citizen¬ from New York to European ports. ship Act went into effect at the beginning of the day on which it was passed. Therefore, it is ap¬ Headed by the world’s largest ship, Majestic, the Homeric, Olym¬ plicable to the cases of persons married on that pic the palatial, new Belgenland day, as well as to cases of those married there¬ and the famous Big Four of our after. Liverpool service, our Fleets in¬ SOME PRACTICAL SUGGESTIONS clude 118 vessels totalling 1,238,000 tons. A few practical suggestions would not seem to be out of place. When an American citizen ap¬ Our complete ocean services of¬ plies for a passport to include his wife, it is neces¬ fer five sailings weekly to English sary to ascertain the date of his marriage, and, if ports, three to France and one each the marriage took place on or after September 22, to Ireland, Belgium and Germany. 1922, it is necessary to require separate proof of the American citizenship of the wife. If she was Accommodations to suit every not born in the United States, or naturalized as a purse and taste. citizen of the United States, she cannot be in¬ cluded in the passport. She should be advised to apply for a passport to an official of her country tiWHiTE STAR LINECT of origin. If she has ceased to be a national of Pcw Cr p 1 ,MC AMERICA* i.rwr y* '*1 * such country, as a result of her marriage, and can¬ INTERNATIONAL MERCANTILE MARINE COMPANY not obtain a passport of that country, she should No. 1 Broadway New York be advised to apply to officials of the countries which she intends to visit for information as to

[119] the nature of the document, if any, which will be At best one can only remember any pageant he accepted in that country in lieu of a passport. has seen and imagine its conditions magnified An alien wife of an American citizen, if she many fold and thus form a faint conception of desires to come to the United States, must have the real event. her passport visaed by an American Consul as Time and space and paucity of adjectives do any other alien would be required to do. If she not permit further details. We skip the next two is unable to obtain a passport she should follow days—every minute and hour something doing, the procedure usually followed by aliens who are and come to the final wind up on the night of unable to obtain passports, that is, make an affi¬ Shrove Tuesday. This is the real Mardi Gras. davit upon Form 228, and have it visaed in lieu The streets in the business center receive their of a passport. thousands of sightseers. While one instinctively In closing, I may say that the views expressed watches out for pickpockets, there seems to be a above are merely the personal views of the writer, camaraderie which permeates the whole crowd. and are not to be regarded as official pronounce¬ The air is redolent with the scent of the cheap ments of the Department of State. perfume which is sprayed from all sides; from the balconies and windows come showers of paper CARNIVAL SEASON ON THE streamers; trollies, wires, streets, everything is festooned with them. About 11 o’clock tbe floats TROPIC OF CAPRICORN with different accompanying Mardi Gras clubs (Continued from page 104) finally put in an appearance. They are stupen¬ ously enough already the rag pickers have begun dous ; the mechanical and lighting devices are ad¬ to put in an appearance, darting in to get an mired—people are getting tired—“wonder what armful of waste paper, and on which they reap time it is”—home attracts. Lights out. This is a profitable harvest at this time. Ash Wednesday. Lent has begun. The Sao But what’s the use. One cannot describe it. Paulo Carnival of 192.3 has become history.

ALL AMERICA CABLES Connecting With Commercial Cable Co., Postal Telegraph- Cable Co., and offering a direct cable service between NORTH AMERICA CENTRAL AMERICA

JOHN L. MERRILL, President SOUTH AMERICA CUBA-PORTO RICO and other WEST INDIA ISLANDS Main Office: ALL AMERICA CABLES BUILDING, 89 Broad St., New York City Other Offices: NEW YORY CITY: MEXICO : ARGENTINA: COSTA RICA: GUATEMALA: Port Limon San Jose. 7 Cortlandt St. Vera Cruz. Mendoza. San Jose SALVADOR: 20 Spruce St. City of Mexico. Rosario. . Puntarenas La Libertad. 136 Franklin St. Puerto Mexico. 234 Fifth Ave. (corner 27th St.) ECUADOR: NICARAGUA : Salina Cruz. 500 Fifth Ave. (corner 42d St.) URUGUAY: Esmeraldas. San Juan del Sur. Tampico. Montevideo. Santa Elena. PANAMA: Guayaquil. Panama. WASHINGTON, D. C.: BRAZIL: PERU: Balboa. 1126 Connecticut Ave., N. W. CHILE: Iquique. Santos. Paita. Colon. COLOMBIA: Antofagasta. . Callao. GALVESTON, TEXAS: Sao Paulo. Lima. Buenaventura. Strand and 21st St. Valparaiso. Barranco. Cartagena. Santiago. PORTO RICO: BOLIVIA: CUBA: . LA.: Tacna. Ponce. Corocoro. Fisherman’s Point. 312 Magazine St. Arica. San Juan. La Paz. Santiago.

[120] Jacob Pfeiffer President The Miller Rubber Company

WHEREVER automobile tires are used, the name “Miller” has come to be synonymous with quality and service. The Miller Rubber Company grew from 32d place to the 6th largest tire manu¬ facturer in ten years.

IT was Jacob Pfeiffer with his energy and en¬ thusiasm, together with his strong, efficient and enthusiastic organization, who was respon¬ sible for this nation-wide achievement. He found time—even in his busy days—for the Modern Business Course and Service of the Alex¬ ander Hamilton Institute. He encouraged a number of his associates to forward their enrol¬ ments with his. Commenting on the results of the Institute’s training as he has observed them in his own Company, he writes: “It has very materially increased the efficiency of the men in our plant who have made use of it.” ALEXANDER For men at the top, and men on the way, the HAMILTON Alexander Hamilton Institute has a book, INSTITUTE “Forging Ahead in Business.” It describes the Institute’s practical method of providing busi¬ 751 Astor Place New York City

ness training for ambitious men. It will be sent Canadian Address, C.P.R. Building, Toronto on request, without obligation. Australian Address, IS Hunter St., Sydney a Copyright, 1923, Alexander Hamilton Institute [121] HOW YOUR COMMERCIAL RE¬ PORTS ARE RATED

(Continued from page 105) terests is not defined. This could be done as a summary or closing paragraph properly sub¬ headed. Exaggeration of possibilities of local market. Results often from insufficiently careful study of situation as a whole. Sources of information not cited. Confidential or critical matter intermingled with that susceptible of publication. Should always be segregated as separate section of re¬ port. Expression of opinions or conclusions with¬ out detailed statement of bases therefor. Discussion insufficiently elaborated—leaving too much to inference. Belated preparation or mailing. Reports on many subjects must he timely to he of value. Failure to use frequent subtitles or subheads properly to distinguish separate phases or topics of discussion. Illegible carbons.

A CAR THAT IS TRUSTED THE WHOLE WORLD OVER In Europe, Africa, Asia, Australia He has the world’s best to compare —everywhere abroad — the Hup- with and choose from. Yet his de¬ mobile holds first favor among mand for the Hupmobile gives us American cars. an export volume out of all propor¬ tion to our total output—a volume The foreign motor car buyer—in which would be vastly larger if our Europe or elsewhere—buys with a home demand could be satisfied fine knowledge of what is good and with fewer cars. sound and substantial. He buys Far lands have learned — as with an eye to reliability, and long America has also—what a car of life, and economy, as well as style Hupmobile stamina and stability and beauty. means to transportation. I lupmobifeHupp Motor Car Corporation, Detroit, Michigan [122] The examination of each commercial and eco¬ nomic report for purposes of rating follows practically the following outline: I. Post: (a) Importance; (b) Available sources of information; (c) Personnel. II. Substance of Report: (a) Quality: ENGRAVED FORMS 1. Nature, timeliness, usefulness, of Dignity and Character practical trade promotion value, accuracy of the infor¬ CALLING CARDS mation. WEDDING ANNOUNCEMENTS 2. Treatment of the matter, clear¬ INVITATIONS FOR EVERY OCCASION MONOGRAM STATIONERY ness of expression and exposi¬ CRESTS AND COATS-OF-ARMS tion ; degrees of comprehen¬ BOOK PLATES siveness and thoroughness; MENUS AND PROGRAMS original, compiled, translated, CERTIFICATES AND DIPLOMAS or merely copies. ENGROSSED RESOLUTIONS 3. Whether voluntary or in reply to an instruction. (b) Quantity: 'BReWGOD 1. In comparison with the nature of Engravers & Stationers the subject matter. 611 Twelfth Street 2. With purpose of the report and Washington, D. C. information likely available. III. Form of Report:

(a) Degree of compliance : TIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII rilllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllimillllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllilllllllllllllllr

'Y^/ARDMAN PARK HOTEL is the center of diplomatic and social activi¬ ties in the Nation’s Capital.

Here representatives of all nations gather to find a complete and luxurious comfort that makes strangers feel at home.

When in Washington, make your stay at the

Wardman Park Hotel Connecticut Avenue and Wbodley Road WASHINGTON, UC

[123] 1. With the special or particular in¬ counted interesting personal experiences during struction, if any, involved. the Smyrna trouble, interspersing his remarks 2. With General Instructions, 116, with humorous allusions to his work and asso¬ 148, 185, 231, 289, 447, 451, ciates. 523, 584, 591, 666, 751, 761, Consul General Evan E. Young, who has re¬ 791 and 845, governing the cently returned from Riga, where he was sta¬ preparation of reports in gen¬ tioned as Commissioner with diplomatic rank, was eral. then asked by Mr. Carr to tell how it felt to get A. E. S. hack again to he “just a consul.” “It is a mighty hue feeling to be back again where I belong,” Mr. MEETING OF THE CONSULAR Young began, and the keynote of his remarks was also that of cooperation in the service. “In the ASSOCIATIONS Department of State Register, there is a division, (Continued from page 110) for the sake of convenience and grading, of con¬ terest or importance. Mr. Carr’s remarks on the sular officers, but the last thing we want in our probability—almost a certainty—that the bill will service is any feeling that that division is a be introduced in the next session were most en¬ division of spirit. We belong to one great organ¬ couraging. ization and it is my opinion that the older mem¬ Consul General Eberhardt, the retiring presi¬ bers of that body owe it to the younger or less dent of the Association, was then introduced and experienced officers to give them every assistance, spoke briefly of the service from the Inspector’s viewpoint. “The Inspector is not a spy,” encouragement, and a proffer at least of helpful counseled Mr. Eberhardt, “but is there to help counsel.” and cooperate. He needs your assistance as much At the conclusion of Mr. Young’s address, Mr. as you need his.” Consul General Horton re¬ Carr declared the meeting adjourned.

/ From San Francisco to New York; in Europe and in B ✓ the Orient; even in the far-off corners of Africa, DeVry Motion Picture Projectors are serving the r interests of schools, churches and business houses. This world-wide recognition of the DeVry is due to its inherent qualities. It attaches to any electric light socket, weighs but A few users— 23 pounds and shows motion pictures of theatre quality in U. S. Gov’t. clearness and steadiness. Mexican Gov’t. Japanese Gov’t. Year in—year out—permanent satisfaction accompanies the Ford Motor Co. purchase of a DeVry. Westinghouse Elec. Nat’l. Cash Register Burroughs Add. Ma. the DeVry Corporation, 1235 Marianna St., Chicago, 111.

[124] StotoPWmMcke SECTIONAL FILING CABINET “BuiIt-To-Endure ’ STEEL OR WOOD “BuiU-To-Endure" Most Artistic in Design, Durable in Finish, Efficient in Service—they are the Strongest Filing Cabinets ma le

S317-T. Top I 3317y2C. I. 46 One Row i -— i Section

1617% C. I. 36 Quarter Section 1617 C. I. 36 Half Section k~ - 1617% C. I. 46 L* -i Quarter • Section is 1617 V. L. . Half Section 1617 C. I. 46 Half Section £ * L

3317 V. L. Full Section

HSU*—

S317-B. 16 Base

A COMBINATION CAN BE ARRANGED TO INCLUDE EVERY FILING DEVICE .These 33-Inch Width Mood Filing Cabinets and an Identical Line of Steel Filing Cabinets are the lines the Globe-Wernicke Co. has supplied the United States Government for many years. Made especially for the Government in accordance with the specifications of the General Supply Committee. The picture shows only a small part of the line. The complete lines include every filing device used in Govern¬ ment offices. The top of each Section and the bottom of each Section are closed in by air-tight, framed-in panels, exactly the same construction as the sides. The top, bottom, back and both sides, being absolutely solid, make each Unit not only a complete FilingC^ai>* t gerj?m proof* non-warpable and dust-proof. These Units are the most compact, substantial and strongest Wood Catalogue No. 800 Explains all Globe-Wernicke Filing Cabinets. CO. WASHINGTON, D. C., SALESROOMStota^Wmiiekc 1218-1220 F STREET N. W. [125] CHARLES C. GLOVER MILTON E. AILES Chairman of the Board President The Riggs National Bank WASHINGTON. D. C. Pennsylvania Ave., opp. U. S. Treasury Dupont Circle 7th and Eye Streets N. W, 14th St. and Park Road 2477 Eighteenth Street

LETTERS OF CREDIT CABLE TRANSFERS TRAVELERS CHECKS SAVINGS DEPARTMENT FOREIGN EXCHANGE BOUGHT AND SOLD

Consular Representatives and visitors to Washington are cordially in¬ vited to avail themselves of our unexcelled Banking Facilities. A BANKING CONNECTION AT THE CAPITAL IS CONVENIENT. BANK BY MAIL Capital $1,000,000 Surplus $2,000,000 Resources, $28,000,000

Underwood Portable Give Wings to Words

Many a man finds Because it is built that a quiet, unin¬ by the makers of the terrupted session world’s Standard with his Underwood Typewriter; because Portable at home it embodies features results in a better that are exclusively arrangement of his Underwood, this work next day, with Portable makes it perhaps an extra possible for anyone hour of leisure at the In its convenient carrying case, the to do Underwood Underwood Portable weighs 9% lbs. end. Make the odd and is 4% inches high. Typewriting any¬ minutes count! Price $50.00 where.

UNDERWOOD TYPEWRITER COMPANY 1413 New York Avenue, N. W. Washington, D. C.

[126] wvy merican Consuls Recommend your ships to trayelers~ AMERICAN consuls can contribute to the growing success of L their fleet of freight and passenger ships! 1 hey can recommend American ships to all business men and travelers. Tour ships are proving their worth by unexcelled service throughout the world. Recommend them whenever possible. Unsolicited letters from world travelers praise the unusual de¬ sirability of these new and magnificent U. S. Government ships. Their accommodations, their courteous and expert service, their careful provision for the comfort and welfare of all passengers are a source of delighted amazement. Business men proclaim the freight services swift, efficient, and highly satisfactory. Their ever grow¬ ing patronage bears material proof of this belief. Now indeed the American Merchant Marine is a triumphant reality! Write to Washington, D. C. for details regarding all ser¬ vices. And recommend American ships. In addition to freight services that carry cargo to all the important ports of the world the U. S. Government ships are operated by the following freight and passenger lines: United States Lines to Europe Los Angeles S. S. Co. to Hawaii 45 Broadway, New York 492 Spring Street, Los Angeles 110 S. Dearborn St., Chicago Pacific-Argentine-Brazil Line Munson Lines to South America to Eastern South America 67 Wall Street, New York 430 Sansonw Street, San Francisco, Cal. Pacific Mail S. S. Co. to The Orient A. H. Bull & Company 10 Hanover Sq., New York to West Africa 508 California St., San Francisco 40 West Street, New York Admiral Oriental LinetoThe Orient Mallory Transport Line to East L. C. Smith Bldg., Seattle and South Africa 17 State Street, New York 11 Broadway, New York Managing Operators for UNITED STATES SHIPPING BOARD (OWNERS OF THE VE5SELS) What Your Consuls Do

209 24 35 11 91 17 23 Consuls Consuls Consuls Consuls Consuls Consuls Consuls Consuls In In In In In In In Central America North America

THE DEPARTMENT OF STATE Protection of American citizens Citizenship Protection of American interests Registration of Americans Political and economic reports Passport services, Americans Consular Courts in extraterritorial countries Alien visa control Notarial services Deaths of Americans Depositions and commissions Estates of deceased Americans Relief of American seamen Witnesses to marriages Estates of American seamen Recordation of vital statistics Miscellaneous correspondence

Treasury Department Department of Commerce Protection of revenue Extension of American trade Documentation of merchandise Voluntary trade reports Valuation of imports Called-for reports and investigations Landing certificates Trade opportunities Protection of Public Health Navigation Bills of Health American vessels; entry and clearance Sanitary reports American seamen, shipmen, dischari Disinfection of merchandise desertion Prohibited importations Marine protests Smuggling Reports on Prohibition laws Fisheries Valuation of currencies Lighthouses War Risk Insurance Measures and standards Investigations, reports, payments Coast and Geodetic surveys

Department of Agriculture Navy Department Crop reports and estimates Market reports Reports on Plant introduction Hydrographic data and charts Weather reports Lighthouses Disinfection hides, rags, etc Plant quarantine Harbor and coaling facilities Insecticide and fungicide regulations Wireless stations Reports on River and Harbor markings Irrigation projects Port rules and regulations Entomology Biology Geographic and marine data Horticulture Movements of vessels General agricultural matters

Department of Justice Post Office Department Extradition Reports on Estates American seamen Postal conventions and regulations Crimes on high seas Parcels post Notarial services Postal banking Depositions and commissions Reports regarding anarchists, etc. A nerican postoffice at Shanghai

Interior Department War Department Pension matters Purchases of Patent applications Raw materials Patent interference cases Supplies and equipment Reports on Geographical data Education Topographical data Geological surveys Philippine matters Mines and mining Military inventions Reclamation Military progress Conservation

Shipping Board Department of Labor Financing vessels Immigration Purchase supplies, coal, etc. Chinese Exclusion laws Shipment and discharge of crews Section Six Certificate* Settlement of disputes Reports on Aid in obtaining cargoes Labor conditions Acting as Agent for Shipping Board Labor legislation Protection of interests of Board

Federal Reserve Board Panama Canal Financial reports Marine data Health conditions nearby countries

The American Citizen in General General correspondence Replies to individual trade inquiries Answers to miscellaneous inquiries Receipt and forwarding of mail Advice and assistance to travelers, tourists and salesmen Representation Notarial acts Protection of interests so far as laws and regulations permit Welfare and whereabouts

American Consuls serve practically every branch of our Government, every business man and, either directly or indirectly, every private citizen. This chart shows how information gathered by them is concentrated in the Department of State and then distributed to the various governmental agencies and to private concerns and individuals. A Consul’s more important duties are shown, but by no means all of them.