Drinking Water Source Assessment for the Muskingum Watershed Conservancy District - Atwood Lake Resort and Park-Campground

SUMMARY

Source Water Assessment and day. The Atwood Lake Park-Campground Protection. The following report for the system’s treatment capacity is Muskingum Watershed Conservancy approximately 216,000 gallons per day, with District was compiled as part of the Source an average production of 45,000 gallons per Water Assessment and Protection Program day. for Ohio. This program is intended to identify drinking water protection areas and Protection Areas. The drinking water provide information on how to reduce the source protection area for the surface water risk of contamination of the waters within source is shown in the following figure. This those areas. The goal of the program is to report includes the results of an inventory of ensure the long term availability of abundant all known or identified potential contaminant and safe drinking water for the present and sources within the drinking water source future citizens of Ohio. protection area. The inventory was conducted by Ohio EPA with the assistance The Safe Drinking Water Act Amendments of the Muskingum Watershed Conservancy of 1996 established the national Source District Water System staff. Possible Water Assessment and Protection Program, impacts to the surface water source include targeting drinking water sources for all agricultural runoff from row crop agriculture public water systems in the United States. and animal waste facilities, oil/gas A public water system is a facility that production activities, inadequate semi- provides drinking water to 15 or more public and home sewage disposal systems, service connections or that regularly serves and spills and releases from recreational at least 25 people a day for at least 60 days boating activities. a year, whether from an underground well or spring, or from an above ground stream, Protective Strategies. The ultimate goal of lake, or reservoir. The requirement does source water assessment is implementation not extend to residential wells or cisterns. of protective strategies that will better In Ohio there are approximately 5,800 protect the drinking water source. public water systems. Strategies for protecting Atwood Lake should include controlling home and Background. The Muskingum Watershed commercial sewage disposal system Conservancy District operates a non- discharges and runoff from agricultural and transient non-community public water animal feedlot areas, increasing public system (Atwood Resort) that serves a awareness of drinking water protection in population of approximately 1,000 people. recreational areas, and coordinating with They also operate a transient non- local emergency response agencies. community public water system (Atwood Lake Park-Campground) that serves a Ohio EPA encourages the Muskingum seasonal peak population of approximately Watershed Conservancy District and other 1,950 people. The source is surface water jurisdictions within the protection areas to taken from the Atwood Lake. The Atwood develop a local protection plan to protect Resort system’s treatment capacity is the source of drinking water or to update approximately 93,000 gallons per day, with current emergency management plans as an average production of 35,000 gallons per applicable. Local watershed planning efforts may also be underway to guide For More Information. Additional stream restoration and protection activities. information on protective strategies and how These efforts can also serve to benefit the this assessment was completed is included protection of drinking water sources. in the detailed Drinking Water Source Guidance on how to form a Drinking Water Assessment Report for the Muskingum Protection Team and protection plan is Watershed Conservancy District. For available from the Ohio EPA by calling (614) information of how to obtain a copy of this 644-2752. report, please visit Ohio EPA’s Source Water Assessment and Protection Program Web page at http://www.epa.state.oh.us/ddagw/pdu/swap .html or contact the Muskingum Watershed Conservancy District for a copy. Summary Figure - Muskingum County Watershed District - Atwood Lake Drinking Water Source Protection Area Drinking Water Source Assessment for the Muskingum Watershed Conservancy District Atwood Lake

Public Water System # 1038311 (Atwood Resort) 1038411 (Atwood Lake Park-Campground)

Carroll County

Prepared by: Ohio Environmental Protection Agency Division of Surface Water Division of Drinking and Ground Waters Northeast District Office

July 2003 How to Use this Assessment

Clean and safe drinking water is essential to everyone. Protecting the source of drinking water is a wise and cost effective investment. The purpose of this source water assessment is to provide information Atwood Lake can use to develop a local Drinking Water Protection Program. The Source Water Assessment benefits you by providing the following:

A basis for focusing limited resources to protect the drinking water source(s). The assessment provides you with information regarding activities within the Drinking Water Source Protection Area that directly affect your water supply source area. It is within this area that a release of contaminants, from a spill or improper usage, may travel through the watershed and reach the surface water intake. By examining where the source waters are most sensitive to contaminants, and where potential contaminants are located, the assessment identifies the potential risks that should be addressed first.

A basis for informed decision-making regarding land use. The assessment provides you with a significant amount of information regarding where your drinking water comes from (the source) and what the risks are to the quality of that source. This information allows you to make informed decisions regarding proposed land uses within the protection area.

A start to a comprehensive plan for the watershed and source water area. This assessment can be the beginning of a comprehensive plan for the water resource, one that addresses all of the uses the water resource provides. An ecologically healthy lake, stream and watershed will provide a stable, high quality resource for drinking water.

For information about developing a local Drinking Water Source Protection Program, please contact the Ohio EPA Division of Drinking and Ground Waters at (614) 644-2752 or visit the Division’s web site at http://www.epa.state.oh.us/ddagw/pdu/swap.html.

1 1.0 INTRODUCTION

The 1996 Amendments to the Safe Drinking Water Act established a program for states to assess the drinking water source for all public water systems. The Source Water Assessment and Protection (SWAP) Program is designed to help Ohio’s public water systems protect their sources of drinking water from becoming contaminated.

The purpose of this assessment is to identify where and how the Muskingum Watershed Conservancy District source waters are at risk of contamination. The report: • identifies the drinking water protection areas; • examines the characteristics of the watershed and water quality; • inventories the potential contaminant sources within those areas, and discusses the susceptibility of the source water to contamination.

Finally, the report suggests actions that the public water supplier and local community may take to reduce the risk of contaminating their source of drinking water and ensure the long term availability of abundant and safe drinking water resources.

Results and recommendations presented in this report are based on the information available at the time of publication. Ohio EPA recognizes that additional information may become available in the future that could be used to more accurately determine the drinking water source protection area. Also, changes in land use may occur after Ohio EPA completes the potential contaminant source inventory. This report should be used as a starting point to develop a plan to protect drinking water resources.

This report was written by Kelvin Rogers, Division of Surface Water, Ohio EPA, Northeast District Office. The Muskingum Watershed Conservancy District assisted in development of this report.

2.0 PUBLIC WATER SYSTEM DESCRIPTION

The Muskingum Watershed Conservancy District (MWCD) operates a non-transient non- community public water system (Atwood Resort) that serves a population of approximately 1,000 people through 23 service connections. They also operate a transient non-community public water system (Atwood Lake Park-Campground) that serves a seasonal population of 1,950 through 586 service connections. A non-transient non-community public water system is a system that is not a community water system and that regularly serves 25 of the same persons for more than six months per year. A transient non-community public water system is a system that is not a community water system and that regularly serves at least 25 different (transient) persons over sixty days per year. Both of the water systems obtain their water from Atwood Lake.

The treatment capacity of the Atwood Resort system is approximately 93,000 gallons per day, but current average production is about 35,000 gallons per day. The treatment capacity of the Atwood Lake Park-Campground system is approximately 216,000 gallons per day, but current average seasonal production is about 45,000 gallons per day. The MWCD uses the following treatment processes for both systems: coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, sand filtration, and disinfection. A 200,000 gallon elevated tank provides finished water storage for the Atwood Resort system. A 350,000 gallon covered in-ground reservoir provides finished water storage for the Atwood Lake Park-Campground system. 3.0 DRINKING WATER SOURCE PROTECTION AREA

2 The Drinking Water Source Protection Area (“protection area”) for an inland stream is defined as the drainage area upstream of the point where the water is withdrawn from a surface source such as a stream, lake or reservoir. The protection area is subdivided into corridor and emergency management zones. An illustration of the surface water protection area and corridor management zone for the Muskingum Watershed Conservancy District (MWCD) public water system is shown in Figure 1. The emergency management zones are shown in Figure 2.

The Corridor Management Zone, (CMZ), is an area along streams and tributaries within the drinking water source protection area that warrants delineation, inventory, and management. The MWCD CMZ is the area within 1,000 feet of each bank of Atwood Lake. The corridor management zone also includes tributaries of Atwood Lake. On tributaries the width of the corridor management zone is 500 feet from each bank. The length of the corridor management zone on a tributary is 10 stream miles from the intake. For example, a tributary four miles in length that enters Atwood Lake six miles upstream of the intake would be completely within the corridor management zone. A tributary stream entering eight miles from the intake would have only two miles of its stream length within the corridor management zone.

The Emergency Management Zone, (EMZ), is defined as an area in the immediate vicinity of the surface water intake in which the public water system operator has little or no time to respond to a spill. The boundary of the emergency management zone is delineated in cooperation with the water supplier. Figure 2 shows the boundaries of the emergency management zones for the Muskingum Watershed Conservancy District public water systems as a circle 1,000 feet in diameter around each intake.

The corridor and emergency management zones were the focus of field and windshield surveys to inventory potential contaminant sources.

4.0 RESOURCE CHARACTERIZATION

Hydrologic Setting Atwood Lake serves as the surface water source for the Muskingum Watershed Conservancy District Atwood Lake public water systems. Atwood Lake is a reservoir of the waters of Indian Fork. It is long and narrow, approximately six miles in length, with a drainage area of 70 square miles. The dam overflow continues down Indian Fork for approximately 0.7 miles to Conotton Creek, which in turn empties into the Tuscarawas River. The Tuscarawas River is approximately 130 miles in length with a drainage area of 2,590 square miles. It combines with the Walhonding River in Coshocton County to form the Muskingum River.

Atwood Lake is one of several reservoirs built by the MWCD in the 1930s for flood control. Although responsibility for flood control was transferred to the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers in 1939, the MWCD is still responsible for conservation and recreation on its lands and waters, which encompass eighteen counties in central eastern Ohio.

The two surface water intakes are located approximately 2.7 miles upstream of the dam, with the Park-Campground intake located 35 feet off the north shore and the Resort intake located 160 feet off the south shore. Both intakes are at a depth of approximately six feet. There is no regular maintenance inspection schedule for the intake structures, although they can be easily observed from the surface.

The protection area for Atwood Lake is contiguous with the reservoir drainage area. The

3 average fall of Indian Fork from its headwaters to Atwood Lake is 12.1 feet per mile. Annual average precipitation in the protection area is approximately 37 inches, of which 13 inches becomes surface runoff.

The Tuscarawas River watershed lies within the gently rolling dissected glacial plateau of the Erie/Ontario Lake Plain ecoregion. Most of the streams in this area are perennial and shallow cutting. Varying thickness of glacial drift was deposited over Pennsylvanian shales and Mississippian sandstones during the Pleistocene era. The preglacial valleys within the underlying bedrock shales and sandstone were also buried by glacial clays, sands, and gravels. The watershed exhibits a mosaic of cropland, pasture, woodland and urban development.

Figure 3 shows the land use for the entire protection area. The predominant land use is deciduous forest, found in 46% of the area. Agriculture accounts for the majority of the remaining protection area, with pasture/hay farms in 31% and row crops in 8% of the area. This information was generated by the Ohio Department of Natural Resources using Landsat imagery.

Soils around Atwood Lake consist primarily of those in the Westmoreland-Coshocton and Glenford-Tioga associations. These consist of deep, nearly level to steep, well drained and moderately well drained soils. The Westmoreland-Coshocton association soils were formed in residuum and colluvium derived from sandstone, siltstone and shale located on uplands; the Glenford-Tioga association soils formed in lacustine sediments and alluvium located on slack water terraces and flood plains.

Stream flow and time of travel The quality of the water in a stream can change under different precipitation and flow conditions. Both high flow and low flow conditions can result in water quality problems and impacts to the source water. Typically heavy rains and high flows result in more materials dissolved and suspended in the runoff or re-suspended from the stream bottom and banks. The higher flows result in faster travel times for any contaminant plume, however the greater volume of water results in a lower concentration (given the same amount of material) relative to low flow conditions. Conversely, low flow conditions in a stream result in slow travel times and more concentrated contaminant plumes, and can exacerbate problems such as low dissolved oxygen and algal blooms. In addition, the inflow of ground water to the stream may bring dissolved contaminants.

It is recommended that the water treatment plant operator develop estimates of the expected and fastest probable travel times of the leading edge of a contaminant plume through the corridor management zone to the public water system intake. These estimates may be based on procedures for estimating travel times that were developed by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). The water treatment plant operator can use the estimates to help determine how long after a spill to continue drawing water from Atwood Lake. Use of such estimates requires knowing or estimating the flow level in Atwood Lake near the drinking water intakes. The best estimate of flow for the Atwood Lake intakes is the USGS flow gage which is located at the Atwood Lake Dam. Current flow levels for this and other USGS gages can be accessed via the Internet at the following address: http://waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis-w/OH/. The station number for the USGS gage at the Atwood Lake Dam is 0312100. Other USGS flow gages that may aid in determining flow levels include those located at Indian Fork below Atwood Dam (station number 03121500) and Conotton Creek at New Cumberland (station number 03121600).

Drinking Water Quality Monitoring Summary

4 Sampling results from finished water reported to Ohio EPA by the public water supplier were evaluated to characterize water quality. A review of the MWCD compliance monitoring data from 1991-2002 revealed that the system had no health based or maximum contaminant level (MCL) violations. Tables 1 and 2 list contaminants where at least one result was above the level of detection and does not include all contaminants tested for by the public water system. The tables also include data from the MWCD’s participation in Ohio EPA’s Pesticide Special Study (1995-1999). Nitrate and several pesticides (alachlor, atrazine, metolachlor, metribuzin, simazine) have been detected in the finished water at the Atwood Resort, indicating an impact from land use activities within the Muskingum watershed.

MWCD water treatment plant personnel do not normally collect or analyze raw water samples. They do analyze finished water on site for turbidity, alkalinity, pH, chlorine, and hardness. Plant staff report that increased turbidity is observed in Atwood Lake after storm events and heavy recreational use. Increasing the filter backwash rate provides adequate treatment for this condition.

Ohio EPA has not collected any chemical and biological water quality data from the streams in the protection area.

It should be recognized that sampling results presented in this report can only provide information on the quality of the water at the time the sample was collected. Water quality may change over time due to a number of reasons.

5.0 POTENTIAL CONTAMINANT SOURCES

A review of available regulated facility data bases and a field survey of the corridor management zone indicate that 27 contaminant sources and 155 oil and gas wells are present in the corridor management zone. Four potential sources, recreational boat docks, are located within the emergency management zone near the intake structure (See Figure 2). Table 3 provides a list of the identified potential contaminant sources in the vicinity of the corridor management zone. A view of potential sources in the corridor management zone is shown in Figure 4. A view of oil and gas wells and pipelines within the drinking water protection area and corridor management zone is shown in Figure 5.

It is important to note that this inventory represents potential contaminant sources, and includes any source that has the potential to release a contaminant to surface or ground waters in the protection area. It is beyond the scope of this study to determine whether any specific potential source is actually releasing a contaminant, or to what extent any potential source(s) may be contributing to the overall pollutant load.

The transportation network is a potential source of contamination through vehicular accidents that release hazardous materials. Approximately 47.9 miles of roads traverse the MWCD corridor management zone (CMZ), creating a total of 58 road crossings. No rail lines are currently present within the CMZ. Approximately 8.4 miles of roads are within 100 feet of a stream in the CMZ. Approximately 2.3 miles of oil and gas pipeline traverse the MWCD CMZ, with approximately 0.3 miles of pipeline within 100 feet of a stream.

5 6.0 SUSCEPTIBILITY ANALYSIS

For the purposes of source water assessments, all surface waters are considered to be susceptible to contamination. By their nature surface waters are accessible and can be readily contaminated by chemicals and pathogens with relatively short travel times from source to the intake. Based on the information compiled for this assessment, the Atwood Lake protection area is susceptible to agricultural runoff from row crop agriculture and animal feedlot operations, oil and gas production facilities, failing home and commercial septic systems, spills and releases from recreational boating, runoff from recreational facilities such as golf courses and picnic grounds, and numerous road crossings over tributaries to Atwood Lake.

It is important to note that this assessment is based on available data, and therefore may not reflect current conditions in all cases. Water quality, land uses and other activities that are potential sources of contamination may change with time. While the source water for the MWCD public water systems is considered susceptible to contamination, historically, the MWCD has effectively treated this source water to meet drinking water quality standards.

7.0 PROTECTIVE STRATEGIES

Source water protection efforts for MWCD-Atwood Lake should focus on controlling runoff from recreational facilities such as golf courses and picnic areas; controlling agricultural runoff from row crop agriculture and animal feedlot operations; and controlling/eliminating home and commercial septic system discharges. This can be accomplished via educational efforts and implementation of best management practices. County Extension agents are an excellent resource for assisting the agricultural community with controlling agricultural runoff, and staff from local and County health offices can instruct homeowners in proper maintenance of their septic systems.

Two guidance documents are available from Ohio EPA to assist with development of a Drinking Water Source Protection and Management Plan. A Guide to Developing Local Watershed Action Plans in Ohio” is available on the internet at www.epa.state.oh.us/dsw/hps/wsguide.pdf and “Developing Local Drinking Water Source Protection Plans in Ohio” at www.epa.state.oh.us/ddagw/pdu/ swap_psdoc.pdf.

Other source water protection efforts may include:

Education and Outreach: Informing people who live, work, or own property within the protection area about the benefits of drinking water protection is very important. Although some communities develop their own educational outreach resources, assistance is available at no cost from various agencies. For example, staff from Ohio EPA’s Office of Pollution Prevention can visit businesses (free of charge) and provide recommendations on how they can modify their processes, materials and practices to generate less pollution in a cost-effective and technically feasible manner. An effort should be made to educate homeowners and businesses of the potential threat their activities can pose to the water supply. Education could also focus on increasing public awareness of illegal dumping and drinking water protection, particularly in recreational boating areas.

Coordination with Existing Activities: Many local groups are engaged in programs that complement a public water system’s drinking water source protection efforts. Working with groups such as the Natural Resources Conservation Service, the Soil and Water Conservation Service, the Farm Bureau, or a local watershed planning organization ensures coordination of

6 their respective programs.

The MWCD-Atwood Lake and stakeholders within the protection area are encouraged to develop a local program to protect the source waters. A local program is capable of responding to changing conditions within the watershed and can bring together the local governments and stakeholders needed for an effective protection effort. Source water protection efforts could benefit the community by allowing the MWCD-Atwood Lake water treatment plant to more fully use its surface water resource. Protecting the source water can also benefit those in the protection area who are not using Atwood Lake for drinking water. A high quality source water enhances other uses such as fishing, recreation, and water supply for agriculture or industry.

Oil and Gas Production: Provide education (material/meetings) to owners and land owners on proper operation and maintenance. Develop an early warning system for accidental spills and releases.

Agricultural Activities: Provide education to local farmers on the use of best management practices to reduce agricultural and animal feedlot runoff, use of proper manure handling facilities, proper handling and road safety with agricultural chemicals, and other methods to control or reduce impacts to surface waters.

Transportation Routes: There is a potential for spills along roads within the protection area. The MWCD-Atwood Lake may want to consider contacting the local fire department and local emergency planning agency about the location of the drinking water source protection area, so that strategies can be developed to prevent spilled materials from impacting Atwood Lake.

Emergency Response Planning: The MWCD-Atwood Lake should prepare a plan that includes early warning of spills and coordination of response and remediation activities for spills that may enter Atwood Lake. This plan should include emergency response actions for Atwood Lake, such as the placement of absorbent booms to control oil spills, or the ability to mechanically add oxygen to oxidize chemicals with a high oxygen demand. Different response plans could be developed for different types of contamination. The emergency response plan may also contain strategies for dealing with unexpected levels of runoff containing chemicals such as fertilizers and pesticides from adjacent land uses. Though it may be less catastrophic than a major spill, this kind of contamination is more prevalent and is harder to detect and contain.

Water Quality Monitoring: Monitoring does not directly prevent contamination, but the protection plan will be more effective if the MWCD-Atwood Lake conducts periodic monitoring of raw water quality and quantity from Atwood Lake. For example, monitoring data can be used to (1) determine optimal conditions or seasons for pumping water to the reservoir; (2) estimate time-of-travel for a chemical to reach the water treatment intake from various locations in Atwood Lake; (3) track water quality trends; and (4) evaluate the effectiveness of selected protective strategies. Sampling locations and schedules could be modified on an emergency basis to monitor spills or the runoff of contaminants that may enter the reservoir.

Zoning Ordinances: A water protection zoning ordinance is a regulatory control that typically places some restrictions or standards on activities conducted within a specified zone (such as the corridor management zone and/or the emergency management zone). Such ordinances enable the jurisdiction to require people who live or work in this area to avoid contaminating the source of the municipality’s drinking water. Ordinances can help ensure best management practices are being employed at local businesses and can help reduce the volume of

7 contaminants stored within the protection area. The MWCD-Atwood Lake may want to consider working with the counties, townships, and municipalities in the protection area to develop zoning overlays that require specific standards for chemical storage, handling of waste materials, and other source control strategies. Several communities in Ohio have enacted very successful drinking water source protection ordinances. Copies can be obtained by contacting Craig Smith at (614) 644-2752.

Regulatory Compliance: Where possible, MWCD-Atwood Lake can monitor the compliance of potential contaminant sources with existing regulations through inspections and/or contact with regulatory agencies. If routine inspections are a regulatory requirement, they provide an excellent opportunity to educate an important segment of the community about the importance of drinking water source protection. Inspections also provide an opportunity to encourage improved materials handling procedures, hazardous materials training, waste and disposal assessments, facility spill/contingency planning, and pollution prevention initiatives.

Ohio EPA encourages the MWCD-Atwood Lake to incorporate the types of protective strategies listed above into a drinking water source protection plan. For more information on drinking water source protection please contact the Drinking Water Protection staff at (614) 644-2752.

References

Gazetteer of Ohio Streams, Second Edition, Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Division of Water, 2001.

Soil Survey of Carroll County, Ohio. USDA Soil Conservation Service, 1983.

Ohio EPA files.

8 Table 1. Water Quality Monitoring Summary of Treated Water Muskingum Watershed Conservation District - Atwood Resort

Ohio EPA Public Water System Compliance Monitoring Database (1991- 2002) Ohio EPA Pesticide Special Study (May 1995 - March 1999) Contaminant Levels Primary Exceeds Typical Source (units) Found MCL MCL 1 Inorganic Contaminants Erosion of natural deposits; Water additive which promotes strong teeth; Fluoride (mg/l) 0.1 4 No Discharge from fertilizer and aluminum factories Runoff from fertilizer use; Leaching Nitrate (mg/l) 0.05 - 3.78 10 No from septic tanks, sewage; Erosion of natural deposits Erosion of natural deposits; decomposition product of organic matter; discharge from mining and Sulfate (mg/l) 36.0 none NA2 industrial waters; detergents in sewage; component of precipitation in metropolitan areas Synthetic Organic Contaminants including Pesticides and Herbicides Alachlor 3 (µg/l) 0.05 - 0.29 2 No Herbicide runoff Atrazine 3 (µg/l) 0.7 - 0.39 3 No Herbicide runoff Metolachlor 3 (µg/l) 0.04 - 2.18 none NA Pesticide runoff Metribuzin 3 (µg/l) 0.06 none NA Pesticide runoff Simazine 3 (µg/l) 0.04 - 0.13 4 No Herbicide runoff Volatile Organic Contaminants Discharge from pharmaceutical and Dichloromethane (µg/l) 0.96 5 No chemical factories Toluene (mg/l) 0.00135 1 No Discharge from petroleum factories Bromodichloromethane By-product of drinking water 5.34 - 17.0 none NA4 (µg/l) chlorination By-product of drinking water Chloroform (µg/l) 5.41 - 30.0 none NA4 chlorination By-product of drinking water Bromoform (µg/l) 0.7 none NA4 chlorination Dibromochloromethane By-product of drinking water 1.79 - 8.1 none NA4 (µg/l) chlorination

9 Table 2. Water Quality Monitoring Summary of Treated Water Muskingum Watershed Conservation District - Atwood Park

Ohio EPA Public Water System Compliance Monitoring Database (1991- 2002) Contaminant Levels Primary Exceeds Typical Source (units) Found MCL MCL 1 Inorganic Contaminants Runoff from fertilizer use; Leaching Nitrate (mg/l) 0.05 - 1.57 10 No from septic tanks, sewage; Erosion of natural deposits Volatile Organic Contaminants Bromodichloromethane By-product of drinking water 20.0 none NA3 (µg/l) chlorination By-product of drinking water Chloroform (µg/l) 37.0 none NA3 chlorination By-product of drinking water Bromoform (µg/l) 1.0 none NA3 chlorination MCL = Maximum Contaminant Level (AL = Action Level).

1 MCL set by federal or state drinking water standards. A sampling result that exceeds the MCL value does not necessarily indicate a violation by the public water system. MCL violations for many contaminants are based on a running annual average.

2 Secondary Maximum Contaminant Level (SMCL) for this parameter. SMCLs are non-health-related limits.

3 Data includes Ohio EPA Pesticide Special Study results (1995-1999). For the study, samples were analyzed using an immunoassay (IA) method and by USEPA Method 507, a gas chromatograph (GC) method. The immunoassay results are only estimations of the actual concentration values. The IA test kits tend to overestimate concentrations, due to cross reactivity of chemically similar pesticides (e.g. atrazine and simazine).

4 Total Trihalomethanes (TTHMs): (MCL = 80 µg/l) calculated as the sum of the concentrations of Bromodichloromethane, Dibromochloromethane, Bromoform, and Chloroform. Five Haloacetic Acids (HAA5): (MCL = 60 µg/l) calculated as the sum of the concentrations of Monochloroacetic acid, Dichloroacetic acid, Trichloroacetic acid, Monobromoacetic acid, and Dibromoacetic acid.

10 Table 3 - Potential Contaminant Source Inventory for the Muskingum Watershed Conservancy District Atwood Lake Drinking Water Protection Area Map ID1 Unique ID Facility Description Data Source 1 RM030530-01 Marina/boat docks field survey 2 RM030530-02 Marina/boat docks field survey 3 RM030530-03 Marina/boat docks field survey 4 RM030530-04 Marina/boat docks field survey 5 LUST102156100 Leaking Underground Tank BUSTR: LUST database 6 LUST102163800 Leaking Underground Tank BUSTR: LUST database 7 LUST104047800 Leaking Underground Tank BUSTR: LUST database 8 LUST106061300 Leaking Underground Tank BUSTR: LUST database 9 LUST106101800 Leaking Underground Tank BUSTR: LUST database 10 LUST795043701 Leaking Underground Tank BUSTR: LUST Database 11 CEM1875 cemetery USGS Geonames 12 CEM2640 cemetery USGS Geonames 13 CEM3204 cemetery USGS Geonames 14 CEM3405 cemetery USGS Geonames 15 CEM4608 cemetery USGS Geonames 16 SIM0151 Surface Impoundment OEPA-DSW Surface Impoundment GIS Layer 17 D1038411 Marina/boat docks field survey 18 D1038411 Marina/boat docks field survey 19 D1038411 Cemetery field survey 20 D1038411 Marina/boat docks field survey 21 D1038411 Golf courses field survey 22 D1038411 Marina/boat docks field survey

11 Map ID1 Unique ID Facility Description Data Source 23 D1038411 Marina/boat docks field survey 24 D1038411 Drinking water treatment plants field survey 25 D1038411 Drinking water treatment plants field survey 26 D1038411 Sewer Lines field survey 27 D1038411 Schools (bus areas/garages) field survey 1 Map ID corresponds to Figure 4.

First four sources (in red) are located within the EMZ.

12 Figure 1. Muskingum Watershed Conservancy District - Atwood Lake Drinking Water Source Water Protection Area

13 Figure 2. MWCD - Atwood Lake Emergency Management Zones (EMZ)

14 Figure 3. Atwood Lake Drinking Water Protection Area Land Use

15 Figure 4. Potential Contaminant Sources in Atwood Lake Drinking Water Source Protection Area

16 Figure 5. Oil and Gas Production in Atwood Lake Drinking Water Source Protection Area.

17