Ref No. ISSN 0725-8755 ISSN No. Ref Newsletter No. 76 Association of Societies for Growingfor Societies Australian of Association Sunday, 26 August 26 Sunday, June 24 Sunday, April 29 Sunday, [email protected] or 3322 5546 (07) on contact information more For 10.00am. at commence meetings 9.30am, at tea Morning S V August 18 Saturday, S P V June 13 Wednesday, sign. Oakdale the past just right the to off runs Lane Russell Oakdale. to 17km Travel Road. Barker’s Lodge into Right First bridge. Historic St. Cross Argyle into intersection T at left Turn Picton. D P S S T V April 22 Sunday, – April 21 Saturday, S P V February 10 Saturday, otherwise. stated unless meetings all for 10.00am at commence to 9.30am at Meet contact details more For contact Merv for details. for Merv contact next in appear will and meeting 25 February venues All 28th on Gravatt Mt. Sales, SGAP to due date of change NOTE October 21st Sunday, IME UBJECT UBJECT ULL ET UBJECT UBJECT ENUE HONE ENUE ENUE HONE ENUE IRECTIONS - : UP - 10am – 4pm both days both 4pm – 10am DOWN GSG S.E. QLD Programme 2007 Programme QLD S.E. GSG : : : : : : :

( ( Friday, 20 April 20 Friday, GSG NSW Programme 2007 Programme NSW GSG : : : : Visit nursery and reserve, then convoy to to convoy then reserve, and nursery Visit Containers in Growing visit garden and sale plant On-farm The Lithgow to visit visit to Lithgow Glenbrook Native Reserve Native Glenbrook Woonona Ave Franklin 61 Saunders Hessell & Dot 2570 Oakdale Lane Russell 140 ‘ Oatley St, Blanche 32 Moffatt Bruce & Guthrie Christine of Home : : and subjects to be decided be to subjects and Silky Oaks’, Silky 02) 4284 3911 4284 02) 4093 9579 02) From M5 take Picton exit. 10 km to to km 10 exit. Picton take M5 From Monday, 23 April 23 Monday, linearifolia Grevillea .

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11.00am depart for Anglesea area to to area Anglesea for depart 11.00am D V May 20 Sunday, 048 319 0414 McDowall Max or address), email (new [email protected] Vic), GSG of either contact details more For V November 6 Tuesday, – November 2 Friday, D V August 24 Sunday, – August 23 Saturday, and more and nursery home the in water Conserving Alliance/Group the into Research for plan Recovery wildfire to species Grevillea of response The Bee Working Collection Grevillea Ridge Panrock ENUE ENUE ENUE ETAILS ETAILS : : :

: : Meet 9.30-10.00am at Geelong Botanic Botanic Geelong at 9.30-10.00am Meet Return visit to see see to visit Return GSG VIC Programme 2007 Programme VIC GSG tea and inspection of Australian Section. Section. Australian of inspection and tea morning for F4) 452 (Melway Gardens Geelong-Anglesea Details later in the year. year. the in later Details SA. south far and south-western to Trip Field Combined Weekend Cup Melbourne Newsletter. June in Details rosmarinifolia G. see to route en Forest State Graytown to visit include will Itinerary 2004. in seen and area Wangaratta-Chiltern participate. to welcome members Group District Geelong arranged. be may visit garden A nurseries. local visit and area Geelong to return lunch and tour After impressa including see ....

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Peter Olde

Welcome to the start of 2007. Preparations are now in full swing for the annual We are currently developing a new website plant sale. As indicated in the last issue the Sale at http://asgap.org.au/grevillea. Bruce tells me will be conducted this year on-farm at Oakdale. he does not have enough time to develop the This is a little out of the way and may not attract existing one and I have asked for assistance as many casual visitors. It must be said that last from Brian Walters, who has agreed to lend his Editorial year our sale held at Mount Annan also attracted expertise. few visitors with lower numbers in attendance. The Illawarra Grevillea Park continues to prosper Notwithstanding this our turnover maintained despite the prospect of losing the front 10% to itself around $50,000. Victorian plant sales are road development. Electricity has now been regularly situated on a large private property that connected to the site and is on at the church provides an interesting landscape setting from and front gate. This will make life much easier. which to sell the plants. These are well-attended. Ray is also talking about the installation of a People will hopefully be interested in seeing how second toilet. Several gardens have also been we have established our water-efficient gardens revamped and the Park is well worth another here at Oakdale and in seeing the landscapes visit this year. being created. Nowadays there seems to be a dearth of native gardens to visit. Housing estates Our Christmas Party was well-attended. Many create smaller and smaller blocks. Worse they of the guests travelled long distances and some often already have a fixed landscape plan that stayed over. Graham Nosworthy and Bryson prevents interaction from the owners, who quickly Easton visited from Queensland. The Reids, lose interest without the challenge of discovery Graeme and Elaine, and Colin Broadfoot came and the opportunity to develop their own interest. from near Coffs Harbour. Robert Pawley travelled We hope to encourage the use of native plants down from Newcastle and six came from the on larger blocks on the outer suburban fringe. Nowra area. The long-distance travellers far Despite the grip of this dreadful drought which is outnumbered the Sydney-siders. The support being experienced country-wide and extending and encouragement from everyone was greatly even to New Zealand and Indonesia, plant sales appreciated. continue to be strong in some areas. This year This year we have a programme that will appeal we will again have some very interesting plants to people wishing to visit species in the wild. for sale with interested nurserymen showing Members are encouraged to attend any or all their wares from as far as Brisbane and Geelong. these events. Smaller plants are very popular and we cater to this in the catalogue of plants for sale. The main feature of the sale is the large number of plants that cannot be purchased from regular retail outlets. We have received a request from Rosenberg Publishing (the Rosenberg’s owned Kangaroo The newsletter can be sent Press which published the Grevillea Books) to electronically to save paper attend the plant sale to launch the long-awaited and postage. Eremophila and allied genera by Bob Chinnock which will be released in April. Final details are not If you’d prefer to receive the resolved but it looks promising at this stage. newsletter this way please send This year our garden will be entered in the Open your current email address Garden Scheme. We will let you know the date and phone number to when we receive notice. We will also host a visit [email protected] in October from the post-conference tourists associated with the Biennial Conference of the Don’t forget to also update your details Assocations of Societies for Growing Australian when you send in your subscriptions. Plants being held in Newcastle.

February 2007 Grevillea Study Group No. 76 2 Neil Marriott

Panrock Ridge Grevillea Collection Teams of workers dug up and potted around Working Bee Nov 2006 800 seedlings while other teams worked on the removal of the dead grevilleas and tidying up of the After the extensive damage to the Grevillea former gardens. Wendy was kept busy recording Study Group’s official Grevillea Collection caused all the survivals, seedling regeneration etc and by last summer’s bushfires, it was decided to this data is provided in an accompanying article.

Field trip have a study group get together and clean up at It reveals some very interesting discoveries Panrock Ridge in the Black Range, Stawell. We not previously recorded for the genus. This decided not to touch the burnt-out gardens until is particularly so for those species recorded November to allow for any recovery and seedling recovering by root suckers. Species such as germination. Unfortunately the ongoing drought , , severely impacted on the regeneration, although , ssp some positives did eventuate. The bushfire gave synapheae and (yellow- us the opportunity to witness just what happens flowered form) have never before been to the majority of Grevillea species when they are recorded responding to fire by root suckers. burnt out by a bushfire –what species recover by It was also interesting to note that 2 species re-shooting from lignotubers, epicormic buds, or Grevillea dielsiana and Grevillea synapheae by root-suckers, and what species rely solely on ssp synapheae regenerated from both root regeneration by seed alone. suckers and lignotubers. Grevillea synapheae ssp synapheae also regenerated by seed, so it is Members began arriving on Friday afternoon, a species that has really adapted to survive! and by Saturday morning we had around 15 able and willing workers After a full inspection and record taking, we got straight in to removing all dead plants, digging up and potting on seedlings and generally tidying up in preparation for new plantings. All surviving plants were clearly marked with fluoro tape as were areas of seedlings. Thelma and Malcolm Vanderpeer and Werner Kutch came all the way from Adelaide, while John Edmonds-Wilson came from Coonalpyn, also in SA. The rest of the workers came from far and wide across Victoria. GSG members of the Yarra Yarra APS Group from eastern Melbourne gave Workers loading dead grevillea into the trailer able support with at least 3 workers, while from Bendigo came Ian Evans with his wonderfully From a collection of around 350 species and versatile backhoe. This machine single-handedly subspecies we had very disappointing seedling ripped out and bundled up all the hundreds of recovery –only 17 species so far. However this dead grevilleas and then stacked them onto a is almost certainly being dictated by the severe shuttle of trailers that removed them to a massive drought and it is hoped that many more species bonfire pile away from the gardens. will germinate following autumn-winter rains this year (if they ever come!!).

Grevillea seedlings dug up during working bee Ian Evans working in the Grevillea Garden continued >

February 2007 Grevillea Study Group No. 76 3 Following a hard day in the garden we all relaxed Following the tour of the Beeching garden we and had a great evening’s BBQ, socialising and continued on to Halls Gap where we had booked catching up with old and new friends. Feedback in to a restaurant for tea – a fitting end to a from previous Study Group meetings indicated a wonderful weekend. In conclusion, I feel we desire for workshops on propagation and using had a most enjoyable and productive campout. the Grevillea key, and these were incorporated Wendy and I could never have achieved what all

Field trip into the weekend. The two sessions resulted the wonderful members did – you are true friends in lively discussion and active participation, and we thank you ever so much. Particular with most members taking home pots of freshly thanks must go to Ian Evans – without the use processed cuttings out of the gardens. of his fabulous backhoe, and his skill in its operation, we would not have got too far with The workshop on using the key went extremely the cleanup – Ian’s machine saved us at least a well and members took home several pages of weeks hard and dirty work! notes kindly run off by Max McDowall. Sadly Max and Regina could not attend the campout due to We now have a largely bare valley, where the the illness of their granddaughter Mia. However extensive Grevillea Gardens used to be –we in typical McDowall fashion, Regina baked now need to sit down and plan out how we several tins of biscuits and Max ran off multiple will landscape the site. It will be different this copies of the Grevillea key and a quiz etc for all time – no longer will it be an extensive species participants. We were sorry you could not attend collection, with its associated high maintenance Max and Regina, but thank you ever so much for requirements. Instead we wish to create a series all your help and support. I am pleased to say of attractive and relatively low maintenance that Mia is now back to good health. and low moisture demanding garden beds, well landscaped, and concentrating on the smaller On Sunday afternoon we visited Steven Smart’s and rarer grevilleas and other gems from around graft nursery where members bought up the . We have learnt to never use organic numerous rare grevilleas Steve specialises in mulches in high bushfire threat areas again growing. Then followed a tour of his wonderful and are already achieving great success using collections of grevilleas, eucalypts and many washed river sand as a thick mulch on the beds other genera. A dense windbreak of the dwarf that survived the fire. Eucalyptus eximia in full flower was admired by all. We then continued on to Craig and Sharon Beeching’s garden at Pomonal. Members were amazed at the rapid growth of many of the plants in this garden. The specimen of Grevillea ‘Canning Classic’ was voted the most spectacular plant ever seen by all in attendance.

Part of the now almost bare Grevillea Garden

Grevillea ‘Canning Classic’ with Lechenaultia biloba at the Beeching garden

February 2007 Grevillea Study Group No. 76 4 Neil Marriott

The response of Grevillea species G. cagiana. to wildfire G. chrysophaea. G. exul – only burnt lightly. Following the New Years Eve bushfire 2005 in the Black Range, Stawell the following records were G. fililoba. made of grevillea recovery after a 9 month spell to the wild allow for maximum recovery. G. georgeana – only burnt lightly. G. heliosperma. In Species re-shooting from lignotuber G. helmsiae - only burnt lightly. – type form (Grampians, Black G. hodgei. Range, Mt Cole Range forms) – all other races of G. alpina apart from the suckering population from G. insignis subsp. insignis – subsp. elliotii all dead. Myrrhee in NE Vic. have died. G. juncifolia subsp. juncifolia – subsp. temulenta G. aspera subsp. nova – Gawler Range all dead. (type form from Flinders Range dead). G. leucodendron. G. bipinnatifida – both subsp. and all forms. Fastest of all grevilleas to recover, with some G. nudiflora - Curly leaf form (Pt Anne). plants now almost as large as the original plants. G. pectinata subsp. nova – Nindibillup Rd. G. calliantha. All other populations dead. G. dielsiana G. pilosa subsp. pilosa – large leaf form (red fls). All other popns dead. G. dryandroides subsp. hirsuta. G. polybractea – upright from (may have avoided G. globosa. intense heat due to height above ground). G. ilicifolia subsp. lobata – kite-leaf form from G. robusta. Big Desert. G. striata. G. johnsonii – orange flower race ONLY*. G. variifolia subsp. variifolia. G. longistyla – even grafted plants. G. whiteana. G. maxwellii. G. nudiflora. Ramets arising from underground roots (or rhizomes) G. preissii subsp. preissii – all forms. G. anethifolia. G. preissii subsp. glabrilimba – all forms. G. annulifera. G. pteridifolia – prostrate form. All other forms dead. G. aquifolium – Little Desert suckering form. All other populations are dead. G. ramosissima subsp. hypargyrea Subsp. ramosissima all dead. G. asparagoides. G. stenomera – even grafted plants. G. dielsiana. G. synapheae subsp. synapheae. G. hookeriana – yellow flower form. G. treueriana. G. ilicifolia subsp. lobata. All other forms and subspecies dead. Species re-shooting from epicormic buds G. nudiflora – fine leaf form. along the main branches G. ramosissima subsp. hypargyrea. Grevillea albiflora. G. spinosissima. G. arenaria subsp. canescens. (All forms of subsp. arenaria are dead). G. willisii. G. argyrophylla. G. banksii – all forms. continued >

February 2007 Grevillea Study Group No. 76 5 Species recovering by seedling G. magnifica subsp. remota. regeneration G. manglesii subsp. dissecta. G. alpina – several races G. pectinata. G. aquifolium – local Black Range form only. G. petrophiloides.

the wild G. bipinnatifida subsp. bipinnatifida. G. phanerophlebia. G. chrysophaea. G. pilosa subsp pilosa. In G. endlicheriana. G. synapheae subsp. synapheae. G. fastigiata. G. tetragonoloba. G. flexuosa. G. wittweri.

G. johnsonii – red and cream flowered race*. * the observation that G. johnsonii – orange-flowered race recovered by lignotuber (3 plants), while the cream – and G. lissopleura. red-flowered race (5 plants), failed to re-shoot, but recruited by seedling establishment has considerable ramifications G. magnifica subsp. magnifica. for the recognition of these two populations as distinct subspecies.

Neil Marriott

Grevillea ‘Red Hooks’ and its Response to Bushfires

During the devastating Grampians bushfires In the ‘Grevillea Book’ Vol 2, p 201 we stated last January, long-time native plant grower and that we suspected it was in fact a seedling of enthusiast Rodney Tonkin lost his extensive G. tetragonoloba. However we do not know wholesale nursery, and all his wonderful stock whether it was a hybrid or just a sport. Seedling gardens south of Pomonal. Included in these regeneration around a large old plant on Rodney gardens were many grevillea species and cultivars Tonkin’s property confirms G. tetragonoloba as including the cultivar Grevillea ‘Red Hooks’. This the real species, however the many dozens of cultivar has had a chequered history, being seedlings dug up are all uniform, with no sign of originally raised, to the best of our knowledge hybrid separation as is the case with F2 hybrid by the Royal Botanic Gardens Melbourne in the seedlings. This tends to point to G. ‘Red Hooks’ 1880’s (??) as Grevillea hookeriana. Plants or being a sport rather than a hybrid with some more likely seed was sent to the Sydney Botanic other species. Gardens, where it was raised and cultivated and A number of questions arise from this eventually found its way into the nursery trade. experience; It was registered as G. ‘Red Hooks’ by the Does ‘Red Hooks’ have (viable) pollen?. Grevillea Study Group to overcome the confusion in the nursery trade and with native plant Could it have been back-pollinated with fertile enthusiasts alike. G. tetragonoloba pollen?. It is a beautiful, hardy, mostly sterile cultivar, Are the seedlings mature enough to identify with showy red toothbrush flowers for much of directly with G. tetragonoloba ? the year. Foliage is dark green and pinnately Has anyone ever observed seed set on Grevillea divided, with leaf lobes broader and less hairy ‘Red Hooks’? than . It has proven to be easy to grow and is generally a smaller and more compact than G. tetragonoloba although it can still grow to around 3–4m x 3–5m.

February 2007 Grevillea Study Group No. 76 6 Max and Regina McDowall

Grevillea rosmarinifolia in the Graytown State Forest

In August 2000 en route to the A.P.S. Vic quarterly On a subsequent reconnoitre of the region in meeting at Shepparton, we explored some September 2005 to check out possible itineraries locations suggested to us by Ted and Cynthia for a bus tour or self-guided tour (notes available the wild Beasley in the Graytown and Rushworth State on request) for the Acacia 2006 Fred Rogers Forest for a possible field trip by the Grevillea Biennial Seminar, we revisited the location, In Study Group to see forms of Grevillea alpina but failed to find any of the original plants on and G. rosmarinifolia. The forest is mainly box- the north-east side of the road. However, more ironbark with an understorey including Acacia plants were located mostly on the south-west pycnantha, montana, acinacea, verniciflua, side 2 – 2.5km from the junction. The bush was gunnii and flexifolia, Calytrix tetragona, Cassinia extremely dry and the understorey severely arcuata, Dillwynia sericea, Daviesia ulicina and depleted. leptophylla. Boronia anemonifolia, Phebalium Today (31/01/2007), I had a long discussion with obcordatum, Pultenaea largiflorens, Crowea Dr. David Cameron of DSE at the Arthur Rylah exalata and Euromyrtus ramossisima occur in Institute, during which he guided me through the more restricted locations in this and the adjacent interactive map option on the DSE website, and Rushworth Forest. The terrain is mostly rather the Australian Virtual Hebarium public version on flat to undulating with shallow dry watercourses, the RBG website. We determined that there were but some hilly areas are found in the north around no listings on either site for G. rosmarinifolia Whroo and approaching Rushworth and in the anywhere near the Graytown Forest, so this is south-west around Mt Black Flora Reserve. evidently a new location for the herbarium, even The Graytown-Rushworth Road runs north from though it has been known by local APS members Graytown, 21km west of Nagambie. Proceeding for some decades. right (north-west) 1.3 – 2.3km along Darrochs Cultivation: Several of these forms have been in (Dam) Road, 9.5km north of Graytown, we cultivation for several years. They grow and keep observed 20-30 scattered small, apparently well in pots. Some specimens in pots at Bulleen young, open bushes 50–80 x 50–80cm on the were lost in a flood in 2003 and others in the north-east side of the road of G. rosmarinifolia ground at Panrock Ridge were lost in the 2006 growing in stony clay. Old, mature plants were fires. At Bulleen three garden plants are growing not seen. Flower colour ranged from deep in a fairly dry situation in part sun, in well-drained red through scarlet and orange to cream with soil consisting of sand, loam and clay-loam with green stigma. Mature foliage was bright to dull some compost over a clay base. They are very green, 18- 5 x 1–2mm, pungent, ascending; upright in habit upwardly branching and up to margins entire, hairy, 50–95% revolute on terete, 1.5m high after about 2 years in the pot and 2–4 hairy branchlets. A formal description will be years in the ground which tends to confirm the prepared when the original pressings or fresh impression that the plants observed in the wild living flowering material from cultivated plants were still young. They flower from late winter to have been re-examined. From a preliminary mid-spring and are quite attractive both in flower examination of the original pressing, Peter Olde and foliage. Plants tolerate dry conditions, and considers this to be typical G. rosmarinifolia have set some seed. They would be especially – not a hybrid. suitable as background plants in narrow garden We explored north-east of the road as far as beds against fences or walls in part to full sun. the creek line but the occurrence seemed to be confined to an area about 20–30m wide NE of the road and not at all on the south-west side. According to Ted, there were supposed to be G.alpina x G. rosmarinifolia hybrids along this road, but we did not see these, nor any G. alpina for several kilometres.

February 2007 Grevillea Study Group No. 76 7 February 2007 Grevillea Study Group No. 76 8 Review by Neil R Marriott

Recovery plan for Grevillea bedggoodiana

(Enfield Grevillea) 2004 – 2008 Oberon Carter, Anna H. Murphy and Judy Downe

Conservation status Grevillea bedggoodiana is listed as Vulnerable under the Commonwealth Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999, and is protected (but not listed) under the Victorian Flora and Fauna Guarantee Act 1988 Grevillea bedggoodiana (all Victorian Grevilleas are protected). There are approximately 37,228 plants remaining in approximately fifty-nine wild populations. Known and Potential Threats

Distribution Biology and ecology relevant to threatening processes Grevillea bedggoodiana is confined to the Enfield There have been no targeted biological or and Smythsdale areas, both shortly south-west ecological studies of Grevillea bedggoodiana. of Ballarat in Victoria. As a result, little is known of its germination Habitat critical to the survival of the species requirements or other methods of persistence. Response to fire needs to be determined. Given that this species is Vulnerable, all known habitat is currently considered critical. Actions Reshoots vigorously from lignotubers as well as include survey for critical, common and potential prolific regeneration by soil-borne seed (mostly habitat to identify habitat critical to the survival stored in underground chambers by ants) of the species. N Marriott pers obs. Populations of Grevillea bedggoodiana occur Identification of threats in eucalypt woodland on gravelly clay (Walsh & Entwisle 1996). Associated species may include Potential threats/perceived risk Eucalyptus dives, s.l., Gahnia radula, Dianella revoluta s.s., Pultenaea gunnii, Inappropriate biomass reduction/fire regimes Epacris impressa and Lomandra filiformis. Moderate: The response of Grevillea (Those members who visited the area on a Study bedggoodiana to fire is unknown. Following Group trip several years ago will remember the fore this species may resprout, or new spectacular deep red flowered Epacris impressa individuals may recruit from seed. Some amongst the grevilleas. NM) species in association with this Grevillea Important populations bedggoodiana respond well to fire (eg. Platylobium obtusangulum, Eucalyptus Important populations are listed in the plan as baxteri). Appropriate fire intervals are those populations with 1000 plants or more that expected to be about 10-15 years. occur in conservation reserves, as recorded in VROTPOP database records dating 1997 Greatest threat to G. bedggoodiana is and 2001. This amounts to eleven populations accidental introduction of Phytopthera incorporating greater than 19,335 individuals, cinnamonii to which it is extremely susceptible. or c. 52% of all known individuals, all of which This could be easily introduced on earth occur in Enfield State Park. More thorough moving machinery used in logging operations assessment of the relative importance of sites, etc, and as a result such activities warrant and comparison with other sites, is warranted. reassessment.

continued >

October 2006 Grevillea Study Group No. 75 9 Recovery actions and performance criteria The Recovery Plan also advocates strategies to fill some of the major gaps in our knowledge Specific Objective 1 – Acquire accurate to date. These include an understanding of information for conservation status the mechanisms underlying recruitment and assessments regeneration. Successful in situ population Specific Objective 2 – Identify critical, common management will be founded on understanding and potential habitat the relationships between Grevillea bedggoodiana and associated flora, and its response to Specific Objective 3 – Manage threats to Taxonomy environmental processes. These are directly populations linked to biological function and are thus vital Specific Objective 4 – Identify key biological to recovery. Demographic censusing will be functions necessary to gather life history information and to monitor the success of particular Specific Objective 5 – Determine the growth management actions. rates and viability of populations In addition to the above, ex situ conservation Specific Objective 6 – Build a network of measures will be required and will include government and non-government organisations seed storage and plant cultivation. Cultivating and individuals ex situ populations will also aim to increase Specific Objective 7 – Co-operate in the amount of seed available for reintroduction bioregional policy implementation and manage to sites. Cannot be grown anywhere within Recovery Plan implementation. range of closely related taxa eg G. aquifolium, G. dryophylla etc or hybrid seed may result. Management Practices Community participation in recovery actions The philosophy of the strategy for recovery is will be sought, particularly in regard to recovery habitat conservation, restoration and management team membership and implementation of combined with an understanding of the on-ground works. ecological and biological requirements of Grevillea bedggoodiana. The emphasis is on (From observations on our trip to the area as using knowledge to better implement in situ well as several subsequent visits, timber logging management techniques that protect populations is still having an adverse impact on several and promote regeneration and recruitment. To populations. The frequency of wildfires over achieve this, recovery actions are primarily the last few years also poses an increasingly structured to (i) acquire baseline data, (ii) assess serious threat to the species. NM) habitat condition including ecological and biological function, (iii) protect populations to maintain or improve population growth and (iv) to engage the community in recovery actions. On-ground site management will aim to mitigate Direct deposits can be made threatening processes and thereby insure against into the Grevillea Study Group extinction. Major threats requiring management account but the Treasurer include accidental destruction (eg. via timber needs to be notified of the date harvesting practices or road maintenance works), and inappropriate fire regimes. A range of strategies of transfer by email preferably will be necessary to alleviate these threats ([email protected]) including fire management and negotiating or by post to Special Protection Zones in State Forest. Grevillea Study Group, Broadscale protection measures applicable to PO Box 275 Penshurst NSW 2222 all populations include legal protection of sites, habitat retention and liaison with land managers Account details for direct deposit including private landholders. In addition, BSB 112 879 searches of known and potential habitat should Account Number 016526630 continue to better define the distributions and (St George Bank). size of populations.

February 2007 Grevillea Study Group No. 76 10 Review by Neil R Marriott

Morphological analysis of the complex and recognition of taxa

Trisha Downing, Marco Duretto & Pauline Ladiges used in the analysis.” To my knowledge this is Australian Systematic Botany, 17, 327-341 June 2004 therefore the first time species and subspecies of grevillea have been delimited purely on the In ‘The Grevillea Book’ Vol 2, pp 205-207 we morphology of their leaves.

Taxonomy treated Grevillea ilicifolia as a variable taxon with two varieties, var ilicifolia and var. angustiloba. Despite these misgivings I fully support the We further divided var. ilicifolia into Wedge- findings of Trisha’s research. Peter Olde and I leaf form (kite-shaped), Kangaroo Island Form have always felt that the different forms of Grevillea and Lobed-leaf Form. We always felt that the ilicifolia were more than just leaf variations. We species needed a full investigation, and Trisha’s have observed Grevillea ilicifolia and Grevillea research work is well overdue. The following is angustiloba growing almost sympatric on the the abstract taken from the paper; southern edge of the Little Desert with no apparent signs of hybridisation. Elsewhere Abstract, A morphological study of herbarium in I have observed Grevillea and field-collected specimens, using phenetic ilicifolia and Grevillea angustiloba growing close techniques of agglomerative classification, to each other and again, have never seen any ordination and minimum spanning trees, and signs of interbreeding. This actually implies that covering the geographic range of the Holly the species are in fact reproductively isolated. Grevillea, G. ilicifolia (R.Br.) R.Br. sensu lato, On the other hand, as noted by Trisha, there has resulted in the recognition of three species are occasional intermediate plants of Grevillea and four subspecies. The taxa are based on ilicifolia subsp. ilicifolia and G. ilicifolia subsp.. leaf form, noted by previous authors to be lobata, and as a result these two taxa are treated highly variable between populations. The taxa as subspecies. recognised here are G. ilicifolia, G. ilicifolia subsp. ilicifolia (typical, kite-shaped leaf form), Key to Taxa G. ilicifolia subsp.. lobata (F.Muell.) T.L.Downing 1 Lobes of leaves < 4mm wide, narrowly linear to comb. et stat, nov. (oak-shaped leaf form), subulate, margins flat to recurved to revolute G. dilatata (R.Br.) T.L.Downing comb. et stat. nov, G. angustiloba (fan-shaped leaf form), G. angustiloba (EMuell.) T.L.Downing comb, et stat, nov., G. angustiloba 2. Leaf-lobes 2–4mm in width, sometimes with subsp. angustiloba (narrow-lobed leaf form) and secondary division. G. angustiloba subsp.. wirregaensis T.L.Downing G. angustiloba subsp. angustiloba subsp.. nov. (very narrow-lobed leaf form). The 2: Leaf-lobes 1–1.5(-2)mm in width, usually rank of subspecies is used where there are some with secondary or tertiary division intermediate plants between forms. Grevillea G. angustiloba subsp. wirregaensis ilicifolia subsp. ilicifolia is the most widespread taxon and occurs in South Australia, western 1: Lobes of leaves usually 4 mm wide, narrowly Victoria and in two localities in . to broadly triangular or rounded-oblong, not Grevillea angustiloba subsp. wirregaensis has linear to subulate, margins almost flat to the most restricted range, occurring in semi- slightly recurved arid regions near Wirrega in South Australia. 3. Leaves fan shaped, appearing more ‘toothed’ Grevillea dilatata is largely endemic to Kangaroo than lobed; triangular ‘teeth’ 3-13, crowded Island, South Australia. in the apical half of the leaf; lobes markedly We therefore now have two subspecies of pungent; hairs on the lower surface always Grevillea ilicifolia, two subspecies of Grevillea subsericeous (straight, silky); upper surface angustiloba, and G. dilatata. Of concern to me glabrous or glabrescent or with a very is the fact that, as stated above, the “taxa are sparse indumentum based on leaf form”. Elsewhere in the paper it G. dilatata is noted that “Preliminary observations indicated

that floral characters are invariant across the species’ geographic range and were thus not continued >

February 2007 Grevillea Study Group No. 76 11 3: Leaves kite or oak-leaf’ shaped, shallowly to G. ilicifolia subsp. ilicifolia (typical form, kite- deeply lobed, lobing distinct; lobes shaped leaf form) 3-15, lobes pungent but not overtly so; hairs on G. ilicifolia subsp. lobata (F.Muell.) T.L.Downing the lower surface either subsericeous (straight, comb. et stat. nov. (oak-shaped leaf form) silky) or occasionally curled or woolly; upper G. dilatata (R.Br.) T.L.Downing comb. et stat. surface with a sparse to dense indumentum nov. (fan-shaped leaf form) G. ilicifolia G. angustiloba (F.Muell.) T.L.Downing comb. et Taxonomy 4 Leaves cuneate to kite – or diamond-shaped; stat. nov. with two subspecies lobes usually 3–7, indented less than half the distance from lobe tip to midrib G. angustiloba subsp. angustiloba (narrow-lobed when measured along the lobe vein leaf form) (shallowly lobed) G. ilicifolia subsp. ilicifolia G. angustiloba subsp. wirregaensis T.L.Downing 4: Leaves oak-leaf-shaped or with herringbone subsp. nov. (very narrow-lobed leaf form) division; lobes 3–15, indented for more G. angustiloba subsp. wirregaensis was visited than half the distance from lobe tip to by the Study Group during the 2005 Grevillea midrib when measured along the lobe vein Crawl, and it clearly warrants the recognition as (deeply lobed) G. ilicifolia subsp. lobata a subspecies of G. angustiloba given by Trisha. Summary All other taxa have been inspected by me at most locations in the wild, and this revision, at Instead of one species and two varieties we now long last brings some clarity to the Grevillea have three species and four subspecies; ilicifolia complex. G. ilicifolia (R.Br.) R.Br. with two subspecies

Grevillea rosmarinifolia ‘Lara Dwarf’ “Grow What Where” Gwenda McDonald, Natalie Peate & Alice Talbot Grevillea rosmarinifolia ‘Lara Dwarf’ is a distinct taxon, growing to around 0.4m with showy pink- Bloomings Books, Richmond, Vic, 2006, Fourth red and cream spider flowers, and simple grey- edition. RRP $49.95 green linear leaves slightly broader than similar dwarf forms of Grevillea rosmarinifolia. The This wonderful, fully revised edition contains original population occurred in basalt grassland listings including a large number of grevillea on the Lara railway line, but unfortunately it species and cultivars. It is an invaluable resource is now extinct in the wild. It is also very rare for helping you decide just what plants you in cultivation, with most specimens examined should choose for every conceivable situation in your garden. There are lists for dry shade,

Grevillea Grevillea news by me turning out to be incorrectly identified. Fortunately Ian Taylor of Western Plains Flora wet shade, dry sunny, heavy soils, sandy soils, near Melbourne has been growing the plant for frost hardy, drought hardy, pink flowered, white many years, and plants will soon be obtained flowered plus many many more! Then there is from Ian so members of the study group can the free CD with this edition that has a further gradually build up the number of plants of this sixty lists, of which fourteen are “user-defined” wonderful small shrub. – these can be custom-made to create your very own lists! Most highly recommended. If you Kellee Reissinger informed me that it is also in cannot get a copy locally let me know and I will cultivation at the Geelong Botanic Garden as well send you one for $46.00 including postage. as at the nearby Werribee Zoo, which specialises in basalt plains flora. Kuranga Nursery also occasionally stocks the plant although I have not examined any of these sources to ascertain their correct identity.

February 2007 Grevillea Study Group No. 76 12 Neil R Marriott

Research into the Grevillea aquifolium Alliance/Group

Trisha Downing, PhD student with the School of variation within this species, covering many Botany at the University of Melbourne, is currently hundreds of populations. Indeed, a large task to undertaking a research project into Grevillea resolve! In another email Trisha replied –“Thank aquifolium and its relatives, with fellow research you for sending those suggested field sites; they student, Gareth Holmes. In a recent email from will come in handy when I finally get around to Tricia she says – “As part of my research project, fieldwork. I have noticed that there are distinct I will be investigating the morphological and leaf shapes and that these vary depending molecular variation of G. aquifolium, with the on where the specimen is from, but so far the

Grevillea Grevillea news aim being to resolve the taxonomy as regarding variation is not as extreme or obvious as is was for forms; i.e., are there definable groups present G. ilicifolia. At any rate, I feel that the morphology within this species that require recognition? I may not give the answers in this case and I hope will be aiming to document the morphological that the molecular work will make up for it. My and geographic variation within G. aquifolium; to supervisors are Prof Pauline Ladiges and Dr investigate the underlying genetic variation that Mike Bayly at the School of Botany; Liz James is leads to the morphological variation observed my unoffical supervisor at MEL.” in this species, and to what extent this is Grevillea aquifolium certainly is a most variable influenced by local population size or gene flow species, with several populations at the very least between related taxa and finally to investigate that I consider to warrant recognition as distinct the variation of leaf shape within plants at taxa, and I really look forward to the successful various developmental stages. My project will completion of Trisha’s research. Unfortunately involve morphological analysis using both Light Trisha has recently discovered that many of and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), whilst the wild populations have been burnt out in last genetic variation (DNA) will be investigated summers bushfires! Trisha desperately needs through the use of microsatellites.” seed for her research –if any members find any I provided Trisha with a list of those populations seed in wild populations please collect it and that warranted examination and inspection in send to me (ideally with a small specimen and the field, pointing out that there is considerable location). I will forward it on to Trisha.

A New location for G. biformis ssp cymbiformis?

Another interesting grevillea found by Werner Kutshe during his 2005 field trip to WA was what appears to be ssp cymbiformis. The unusual thing is that it was found nowhere near Eneabba, in fact the photo below was taken in Chiddarcooping Reserve. This may simply be a juvenile population of Grevillea biformis, the closely related Grevillea ceratocarpa or it may well be a new location or better still, yet another new taxa!! Well done Werner! It just shows that there is still much to be found in our big, poorly surveyed country. It also shows that by simply getting good photos, a pressed specimen and a GPS location as Werner has done, then these possible new sites can be revisited and Grevillea biformis ssp cymbiformis? – Photo Werner Kutshe substantiated.

February 2007 Grevillea Study Group No. 76 13 Max and Regina McDowall

Conserving water in the home nursery

When Stage III Watering restrictions were lined polyboxes to be cleaned and checked for imposed on Melbourne with two weeks notice, leaks. This will be require a lot of extra work, and just one week before Christmas, we wondered we have yet to start the first cycle. how we would manage to keep the nursery and Note: We are getting sore arms and shoulders stock plant collection of 30–35 sq. metres alive from hauling and holding buckets and watering through the Summer heat on two watering days cans of water, especially as we had pre-existing per week, without a rain-water tank. Fortunately, injuries, and now carry only half-full buckets. We we were able to get an exemption, for the now collect most of our dirtier grey water from nursery only, on the two other days allocated the showers and laundry in a converted 240 litre for odd house numbers, to use the microsprays In your In graden your recycle bin and pipe it onto garden beds or into for 7 min/day, and we would have to manage buckets down the block. Water is bailed from manually with grey water from watering cans on any full buckets into the watering can using an the other three days. old kitchen pot. However, before we knew whether we would Any comments from other members would be get the exemption, we proceeded to put the appreciated ([email protected]). entire nursery into styrofoam boxes lined with 20 micron polythene sheet to a depth of 2cm and 8 thicknesses of newspaper. We took the opportunity to weed the pots as we went, adding additional nutricote and topping with about 1 cm Illawarra Grevillea Park of small 5–7mm white pebbles to cut evaporation OPEN DAYS 2007 by reducing capillary action and reducing the April, Sat 28 & April, Sun 29 surface temperature by reflection of sunlight. May, Sat 5 & May, Sun 6 Now all water falling within the perimeter of the July, Sat 21 & July, Sun 22 box is retained up to a depth of at least 1cm, and July, Sat 28 & July, Sun 29 to remain available for the plants for at least one more day, except on very hot days, As a result, September, Sat 29 & September, Sun 30 we have been able to cancel some scheduled October, Sat 6 & October, Sun 7 watering periods on the cooler days and instead Each year the Park is open on the last store about 100–120litres in buckets including full weekend in April, first weekend of some cleaner grey water for manual watering on May, last two full weekends in July, last hot off-days. As a result the plants are thriving. weekend in September and first weekend in October. Opening hrs are 10am – 4pm. Possible problems Location 1. We are concerned that continued accumulation The Park is located at the rear of Bulli of nutrients from the normal leaching of the Showground, Princess Highway, Bulli. nutricote will eventually result in excessive (Turn at the Woonona-Bulli Sports Club). levels in the potting medium, especially for Admission species. $4 adults, children accompanied by 2. Some of the plants may not like extended adults are free. periods of wet feet. In the absence of aerial Barbeque and picnic facilities available root pruning, others may produce excessive Bring your lunch and make it a family root growth, out of the bottom of the pots. day! 3. The build-up of nutrients and potting medium Special openings for groups in the boxes may encourage the growth of Special openings for tour groups algae and other pathogens. (such as bus tours by Garden Clubs) can be arranged Accordingly we intend to rotate the nursery over a period of about 4–6 weeks during cooler or The park is open from 10am to 4pm. wetter weather through unlined polyboxes for For more information email 3–4 days in turn, to enable watering cycles to [email protected] flush out the excess nutrients, and to enable the

February 2007 Grevillea Study Group No. 76 14 Max A. McDowall

Biodiversity interactive maps and the australian virtual herbarium (public)

The Department of Sustainability and Environment search for locations of species of interest. This (DSE) website http://www.dse.vic.gov.au/dse/ database is also more current than the DSE one index of VIctoria has provided the public access for recods of recently recorded flora locations. to a powerful tool for the management and I am indebted to Dr David Cameron of DSE for exploration of the natural resources of the State showing me how to use these great internet of Victoria with its Online Interactive Map Utility. databases for discovering locations and habitats Click on the Interactive Maps option under

News News in brief of our Australian Flora. the heading Online Services at the right of the screen, then select Biodiversity Maps and use It is up to the user to learn the skills of exploiting the options tools and layers and zoom buttons the full versatility of these systems. When we to display the data in the area you want. Species have become more familiar with them we may and subsp. names must be spelt accurately find it useful to publish some instructive articles to get a valid search. Similar utilities may be on their use for the benefit of study group available in some other states also – see their members. With these tools comes the obligation related websites. to use the knowledge wisely and responsibly in the interest of conservation of our rare and From the Royal Botanic Gardens website visit the threatened flora, including special local forms of public section of the Australian Virtual Herbarium otherwise more common species. (AVH) at http://www.rbg.vic.gov.au/avh/ and

Seed Bank Matt Hurst 13 Urana Street, Wagga Wagga 2650 NSW Phone (02) 6925 1273 Please include a stamped self addressed envelope.

Free + s.a.e.

Seed bank $1.50 + s.a.e.

Grevillea armigera Grevillea magnifica ssp Grevillea ‘Moonlight x magnifica – red tree form Ivanhoe’? Grevillea bipinnatifida Grevillea petrophiliodes Grevillea candelabroides Grevillea paniculata SA Grevillea ‘Sandra Gordon’ Grevillea ‘Moonlight’ Grevillea superba Grevillea tetragonoloba Please note: seed from hybrid plants does not necessarily come true to type. Grevillea leucopteris Grevillea wickamii ssp Grevillea longistyla aprica

Stocks of garden seed are running low and some more donations would be greatly appreciated. Please make cheques for seed payable to Grevillea Study Group.

February 2007 Grevillea Study Group No. 76 15 Financial Report – February 2007 Email Group

Income This email group was begun by John and Ruth Sparrow from Queensland. Free membership. Subscriptions $140.00 To subscribe, go to groups.yahoo.com and register, Plant Sale 1,898.18 using the cyber-form provided. You must provide Seeds 6.00 a user name and password as well as your email Interest 71.27 address to enable continuing access to the site $ 2,115.45 which houses all emails and discussions to date. You will receive a confirming email back and Expenditure then you are able to access the site wherein you

The back page can select the groups to which you would like to Newsletter Publishing $270.00 subscribe. In this case search for ‘grevilleas’ and Postage 156.90 then subscribe. Printing 181.62 Stationery 35.98 Following this you will receive the latest emails regularly in your email to which you can respond. Bank fees 8.50 This is a good way to encourage new growers $653.00 and those interested in the genus. Postmessage: [email protected] Amount in Interest Bearing Deposit till 9/6/07 $20,802.03 Subscribe: [email protected] Unsubscribe:[email protected] Balance in Current Account 31/1/07 $15,004.14 List owner: [email protected] URL to this page: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/ Balance in Business Cheque Account 26/1/07 grevilleas $1,271.16 Office Bearers Online Contact 1. President’s email address Leader [email protected] Peter Olde 2. The email group [email protected] 138 Fowler Rd, Illawong NSW 2234 3. URL for Grevillea Study Group website Phone (02) 9543 2242 http://users.bigpond.net.au/macarthuraps/grevillea%20study%20group.html Email [email protected]

Treasurer and Newsletter Editor Deadline for articles for the next newsletter Christine Guthrie is 31 May 2007, please send your articles to PO Box 275, Penshurst NSW 2222 [email protected] before this date. Phone / Fax (02) 9579 4093 If a cross appears in the box, your subscription Curator of Living Collection of $5.00 is due. Neil Marriott PO Box 107, Stawell Vic 3380 Please send to the Treasurer, Christine Guthrie, PO Box 275, Penshurst 2222. Curator of Grevillea Park Bulli Please make all cheques payable to the Ray Brown Grevillea Study Group. 29 Gwythir Avenue, Bulli NSW 2516 Phone (02) 4284 9216 2006 2007 Curator of Seed Bank Matt Hurst 13 Urana Street, Wagga Wagga NSW 2650 Phone (02) 6925 1273 If a cross appears in both boxes this will be your last newsletter.

February 2007 Grevillea Study Group No. 76 16