REPRESENTING OFF-RESERVE STATUS & NON-STATUS INDIANS, MÉTIS AND INUIT OF SOUTHERN LABRADOR THE INDIGENOUS

OICEVOLUME 2 Issue 3 V 2018

Breaking Ground for Future Generations Métis Women Rebecca MacEachern's Journey in the Skilled Trades Beyond Distinctions Equity in Reconciliation with All Indigenous Peoples FULL-TIME PROGRAMS 11 SCHOOLS OF STUDY Aboriginal students per year attend Canadore College Aviation and Aerospace Technology Business and Management We represent students Community Justice and Police Studies from many Nations including Culinary Arts Ojibway, OjiCree, Cree, Algonquin, Environmental Studies and Biotechnology Métis, Mohawk, and Inuit Health, Human Care and Wellness Indigenous Studies 5,000+ Language, Access and Preparatory Studies Indigenous Alumni Media, Design and Dramatic Arts Sport and Recreation Leaders in Indigenous Trades and Technology Education 11 Skills Apprenticeships

North Bay, Ontario • canadorecollege.ca VOLUME 2, Issue 3 contents

on the cover

Special Reports 47th Annual General 04 Assembly The Congress of Aboriginal St. Pierre brothers, White Wolf Big Drum Group. Peoples celebrates their 47th assembly remembering past leaders and honoring culture.

Keeping our Communities 15 Safe Emergency Management for the off-reserve peoples.

FEATURES Aboriginal Youth WELCOME MESSAGE 16 Achievement Award Winner 03 National Chief Robert Bertrand Meet Adam Chubbs-Payne winner of the 2018 Aboriginal Youth Achievement Award. BEYOND DISTINCTIONS 07 Equity in Reconciliation with All Provincial Profi le Series Indigenous Peoples. 20 Presenting NunatuKavut: The Southern Inuit of Labrador. ‘MIGHT IS RIGHT’, ‘WEST IS BEST’ 09 AND OTHER SCHISMS How Culture Can Make or Métis People from across Canada 24 Break A Project? stand up against Métis National Community engagement for Council, redefi ning what it means successful initiatives. to be Métis.

BREAKING GROUND FOR FUTURE 18 GENERATIONS A Métis women’s strength and determination in the male dominated skilled trades industry.

THE INDIGENOUS VOICE WINTER 2018 1 THE INDIGENOUS VOICE

The Indigenous Voice is the offi cial publication of the Congress of time for my interests Aboriginal Peoples. As one of fi ve national Indigenous representative organizations recognized by the Government of Canada, CAP advocates for the rights and time for my learning interests of Métis people, non- status/status Indians living off- reserve and the Inuit of Southern Labrador. CAP represents the interests of its provincial and territorial affi liate organizations.

Published Triannually For: Congress of Aboriginal Peoples

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Published December 2018

2 THE INDIGENOUS VOICE WINTER 2018 WELCOME Bienvenue Message from Message du National Chief Robert Bertrand Chef National Robert Bertrand

Welcome to our latest edition of The Indigenous Voice, a Nous saluons l’arrivée de la toute dernière édition de The publication of the Congress of Aboriginal Peoples (CAP). We Indigenous Voice, la publication du Congrès des peuples are excited to present this magazine to the community and in autochtones (CPA). Nous avons hâte de présenter cette revue à particular to the Métis, Non-Status / Status Indians and Inuit la collectivité et en particulier aux Métis, aux Indiens non peoples living off-reserve whom we represent. The Indigenous inscrits et aux Indiens inscrits ainsi qu’aux Inuits qui vivent Voice celebrate the unique heritage, diverse cultures, and outstanding achievements of our communities across Canada. hors réserve que nous représentons. The Indigenous Voice salue This edition focuses on empowerment and the perseverance le patrimoine unique, les cultures diverses et les incroyables of our people through efforts to advocate for rights, réalisations de nos collectivités à travers le Canada. recognition, and reconciliation. Le présent numéro porte sur l’autonomisation et la In September, CAP held its 47th Annual General Assembly persévérance de notre peuple à promouvoir ses droits, sa (AGA) in Ottawa. This Assembly offers an opportunity for a reconnaissance et la réconciliation. delegation of our constituents to review the work of the past En septembre, le CPA a tenu sa 47e Assemblée générale year and determine the direction of our efforts for the coming annuelle (AGA) à Ottawa. Cette Assemblée offre la possibilité à year. Inside you will find a recap of the AGA as well as a la délégation de nos commettants d’examiner le travail de feature on this year’s Aboriginal Youth Achievement Award winner, an award sponsored by CAP’s National Youth Council. l’année précédente et de déterminer notre orientation pour CAP continues to advocate with all levels of government, l’année à venir. À l’intérieur, vous trouverez un résumé de with and in support of, the distinct needs of our Provincial and l’AGA, de même qu’un portrait du lauréat du Prix national des Territorial Organizations (PTO). You will also find an article jeunes autochtones de cette année, prix commandité par le outlining CAP’s stakeholder engagement, and how we are Conseil national des jeunes du CPA. cultivating relationships to ensure successful projects and Le CPA poursuit son démarchage auprès de tous les échelons endeavours. de gouvernement, à l’appui des besoins distincts de nos Inspired by a 2018 resolution entitled Recognition of Métis organismes provinciaux et territoriaux (OPT). Vous trouverez Peoples, you’ll find a stimulating feature highlighting the également un article soulignant l’engagement des intervenants inequity currently being used to define who Métis are in Canada, and the work ahead to achieve fair and equal treatment du CPA et la manière dont nous cultivons nos relations en vue of ALL Métis people. de favoriser la réussite des projets et des initiatives. As we approach this holiday season, and the final days of Inspirés par la résolution de 2018 intitulée Reconnaissance 2018, we should reflect on the hard work and growth des Métis, nous avons inclus une rubrique soulignant les accomplished together. I am inspired every day by working iniquités actuelles de la définition des Métis du Canada, et le with our communities, and look forward to our great travail accompli pour obtenir un traitement équitable et égal accomplishments in 2019. pour TOUS les Métis. Alors que s’annonce la période des Fêtes, et les derniers jours Meegwetch, de 2018, nous devrions réfléchir au travail acharné et à la National Chief Robert Bertrand croissance qui nous rassemblent. Je suis inspiré chaque jour par notre travail avec nos collectivités, et j’ai hâte de saluer nos grandes réalisations de 2019.

Meegwetch, de Robert Bertrand, Chef National

THE INDIGENOUS VOICE WINTER 2018 3 Congress of Aboriginal Peoples' th Annual General Assembly 47 By Melisa Cernigoy

grand entry of dancers along the staff to National Chief Bertrand with the White Wolf Big and Vice-Chief Kim Beaudin, with the A Drum Group greeted national words, “The Eagle Staff belongs to the delegates to the Congress of people of CAP”. Aboriginal Peoples’ 47th Annual General Assembly (AGA). The assembly was held Sept. 21 and 22, The Eagle Staff 2018 at the Ottawa Marriott Hotel. Elder Jim Smith welcomed all belongs to the participants and blessed the assembly with a morning prayer. Then, Elder people of CAP and veteran, Betty Ann Lavallée conducted the Recital of The AGA was also a time to gather Staff carried by Elmer St. Remembrance. in memory of the late former CAP Pierre with Elder Jim Smith The AGA was an opportunity to National Chief Dwight Dorey. A drum celebrate the achievements of CAP and tribute was performed in his honour. Newfoundland and their fight for its provincial and territorial affiliates Friends and colleagues stood to honour recognition. This presentation was over the past year. It was also a chance Dwight and his tireless work and followed by discussions of resolutions for frank discussion of challenges that advocacy in support of Indigenous sponsored by delegates who brought CAP needs to tackle in the interests of peoples and communities. His work their concerns to add to CAP’s national members. Together, delegates renewed during the 1980s constitutional agenda, setting the course for our the National Chief and Vice-Chief’s negotiations and push for the Daniels upcoming year. The resolutions, from mandate with a strong message - it’s decision were recognized. CAP the need for inclusion in the time to use CAP’s strength and committed to carrying the torch development of 100 Wellington St, to national voice to push back against the forward for Indigenous peoples as he unmet housing needs in communities, federal government. CAP and its did for us for so many years. to Métis and non-status survivors of provincial and territorial organizations The Friday evening gala dinner and the 60s Scoop, will inform the (PTOs) have been excluded from dance is always a time of celebration Congress’ policy and advocacy over critical conversations on rights and for CAP. Our National Youth Council the next year. recognition, child welfare and other presented Adam Chubbs-Payne, The AGA closed with a sense of issues affecting the lives of our recipient of the Aboriginal Youth direction for the Congress to move constituents. Achievment Award, with a prize of forward with unity in its pursuit of the A moment of renewal for CAP was $1,000, which they fundraised rights and recognition of Indigenous the presentation of a new Eagle Staff themselves. peoples. Together we are stronger. The by the Ontario Coalition of Indigenous On Sept. 22, the Assembly began Assembly ended with a grand exit by People. President Brad Maggrah and with Elder Calvin White, who spoke of Elders, Veterans, Youth, Provincial Vice President Elmer St. Pierre offered the history of the Mi'kmaq in Leaders, and Drummers.

4 THE INDIGENOUS VOICE WINTER 2018 National Chief Bertrand.

THE INDIGENOUS VOICE WINTER 2018 5 AGA Co-Chair, Betty Ann Lavallee and National Youth Representative, Richard Cooper, presenting with youth delegates during the AGA.

The Congress' Chief Executive Officer (CEO) Jim Devoe.

Vice-Chief Kim Beaudin Youth and Elders Grand Entry.

6 THE INDIGENOUS VOICE WINTER 2018 Beyond Distinction Equity in Reconciliation with All Indigenous Peoples By Melissa Cernigoy

n our histories, Canada has created co-operation, and partnership must citizens...living in circumstances that divisions amongst Indigenous reflect the unique interests, priorities are intolerable judged by the standards I peoples, causing harm and and circumstances of each People”. of Canadian society.” The distinction- disruptions to communities. The Where are Canada’s non-status based approach reinforces ongoing “distinctions-based approach” that the Indigenous peoples in these principles? discrimination, inequalities and current federal government has Where are Métis peoples that have disadvantages Métis and non-status strengthened in policy and origins across Canada? How will the peoples face today. programming has added to the government work with Indigenous Distinctions repeat Canada’s history exclusion and marginalization of our peoples who live in urban and rural of harmful colonial practices that have peoples. Equity with all Indigenous settings? CAP and its provincial and divided communities into separate, peoples is needed to move forward territorial affiliates were not consulted legislated identities. Across together in a new relationship with the on the principles. This is one example government, departments have spirit of reconciliation. of exclusion and marginalization adopted a “distinctions-based” policy On July 14, 2017, the Canadian Section 35 of the Constitution Act, approach. This has resulted in Department of Justice released their 1982 provides, “In this Act, ‘aboriginal exclusions when the government Principles respecting the Government peoples of Canada’ includes the collaborates with only three of the five of Canada's relationship with Indian, Inuit, and Métis peoples of National Indigenous Organizations: Indigenous Peoples. While the title Canada”. The Constitution does not The Assembly of First Nations, Métis refers to Canada’s Indigenous peoples, refer to a “Métis Nation”. CAP’s National Council and Inuit Tapiriit the tenth principle makes clear that predecessor, the Native Council of Kanatami. this is not an inclusive approach for Canada, and its former president Harry One example is in the Indigenous all. Daniels, were leaders during the Early Learning and Children Care The tenth principle reads, “...a constitutional talks advocating for the Framework released in September distinctions-based approach is needed inclusion of all Métis peoples across 2018, which outlines distinct to ensure that the unique rights, Canada. frameworks for First Nations, Métis interests and circumstances of the In Daniels v Canada, the Supreme Nation and Inuit. There is little First Nations, the Métis Nation and Court of Canada unanimously strategy to address the needs of Inuit are acknowledged, affirmed, and affirmed that Métis and non-status off-reserve and urban communities. implemented. The Government of Indians are Indians under Section The path forward in such a framework Canada recognizes First Nations, the 91(24) of the Constitution Act, 1982. should be a culturally responsive, Métis Nation, and Inuit as the As part of the proceedings, a 1972 inclusive lens of diverse Indigenous Indigenous peoples of Canada, confidential memo to Cabinet showed peoples. A framework for our children consisting of distinct, rights-bearing that Canada was well aware Métis and and families should be accessible for communities with their own histories, Non-Status Indians are “far more all rather than based on residence, including with the Crown. The work of exposed to discrimination and other status or political affiliation with forming renewed relationships based social disabilities” and “are the most specific Indigenous organizations. on the recognition of rights, respect, disadvantaged of all Canadian Looking back to the Royal

THE INDIGENOUS VOICE WINTER 2018 7 Commission on Aboriginal Peoples’ We are asking the federal fi nal report, it recommended : “Equity, government to abandon its tenth January 28-30 2019 as we use the term, also means equity principle, the distinctions-based among Aboriginal peoples. The approach, and their interference in arbitrary regulations and distinctions defi ning who Canada’s Indigenous that have created unequal health and peoples are and who they choose to be Plan to join us to explore issues in social service provision depending on a represented by. Instead, we call on Indigenous education, training and person’s status as Indian, Métis or Inuit government to fully implement employment at Cannexus, Canada’s largest career development conference. (and among First Nations, depending UNDRIP in collaboration with all on residence on or off-reserve) must be Indigenous organizations and to replaced with rules of access that give meaningfully negotiate with the an equal chance for physical and social Congress of Aboriginal Peoples on the health to all Aboriginal peoples” implementation of responses to the [emphasis on “distinctions” added]. Daniels decision. A new path forward Canada has also endorsed the United is to embrace Indigenous peoples from Nations Declaration on the Rights of coast-to-coast and truly act in the Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP). This spirit of reconciliation and equity. Register by November 7 to save government has committed to During the constitutional talks, CAP with the Early Bird rate! implementation, but largely delayed president Harry Daniels said to Prime any action. Article 2 of UNDRIP says Minister Pierre Elliott Trudeau, “What that Indigenous Peoples “have the right we are talking about is the equality of to be free from any kind of people here, and to use your own

discrimination, in the exercise of their phrase we are talking about a just Deborah Mary Right Hon Saucier McMahon David Johnston rights, in particular that based on their Photo credit: Sgt Johanie Maheu, society. It can’t be just for some Rideau Hall © OSGG, 2017. indigenous origin or identity”. With a Aboriginal people and not for others.” Choose from 130+ sessions distinctions-based approach, an We echo this today in calling on Prime including: Indigenous person has to belong to one Minister Justin Trudeau to support Indigenous Stories of Success: of three representative organizations reconciliation and renewed Academics, Career & Well-Being

for inclusion and access. This is relationships with all Indigenous Indigenous Engagement in IT & Advanced state-sponsored discrimination. peoples of Canada. Manufacturing Sectors Indigenous Engagement & Economic Inclusion

Extending Promising Practices: The First Nations, Inuit, Métis Essential Skills (FIMES) Inventory Project

OYÀ:NA: Building Futures in Indigenous Youth Employment

Optional Pre-Conference Workshop:

Helping Indigenous Talent Tap into Their Potential

Trina Maher, Chief Creative Spirit, Bridging Concepts

“Cannexus allows you take time to look at career development from both a micro level to a bird’s eye view. Received validation of what we are doing and inspiration to keep doing it.” Steven Horne, Director, Employment and Training, Tewatohnhi’saktha, QC “Perfect mix of excellent concurrent sessions, engaging keynotes and time to network.” Paula Pothier, Student Services Advisor & Indigenous Support, Nova Scotia Community College

Check Cannexus.ca regularly for the latest information! 8 THE INDIGENOUS VOICE WINTER 2018 ‘Might is Right’, ‘West is Best’ and Other Schisms Métis People from across Canada stand up against Métis National Council, redefining what it means to be Métis By Alison White

t the 2017-2018 Congress of Aboriginal Peoples Resolution: Recognition of Métis Peoples (CAP) Annual General Assembly this past A September, 14 resolutions were brought to the floor Whereas the Métis National Council has published a book by members of provincial and territorial affiliates from on the terms of being Métis; across Canada. In a room filled with more than a hundred And whereas the Métis National Council has successfully CAP delegates, each with unique interests and objectives for lobbied for and obtained permission for this book to be their respective Indigenous communities, it is not surprising taught in our schools; that several resolutions were heavily debated, amended, repealed or voted down. One resolution however, regarding And whereas the Métis National Council continues to the recognition of Métis peoples, drew unanimous support influence politically, what the definition of Métis is; and passionate commentary from several members in the And whereas the Métis National Council does not room. recognize any but their own members; In a nutshell, affiliates from across Canada supported a resolution to push back against the Métis National Council Therefore, be it resolved that Congress of Aboriginal (MNC) who they felt with the support of the federal Peoples intervenes if possible, pointing out that it was CAP government is attempting to take ownership of the word who successfully fought the Daniels v. Canada decision; Métis and decide who does and does not belong. The And be it further resolved that CAP if possible, stop the problem is, MNC says you can only belong if you’re a Métis false teachings of the Métis National Council through the from the west, specifically a descendant of the Red River. school system by intervening in this government decision. Adding further injury to the Métis from eastern Canada, they intend to teach this new definition in Canadian West is Best classrooms, changing our collective understanding of what this facet of Canadian Indigeneity means. The French-derived word Métis, by its very definition, means someone who is of mixed ancestry. That is to say, a Métis person is an individual who traces their descent to

THE INDIGENOUS VOICE WINTER 2018 9 Elder Patricia Casey of the Native Robert Doucette from the Aboriginal Council of Prince Edward Island Affairs Coalition of Saskatchewan Inc. speaks in favour of the resolution. Seconded the Resolution.

Jon MacDonald from the Ontario Coalition of Indigenous Peoples moved the Resolution. Jon spoke passionately about how he and his family have been impacted by the Métis National Council’s move to set the terms on who is National Chief Robert Bertrand and Vice Métis: asserting that only the Métis from the western provinces are the true Chief Kim Beaudin pose with our new Métis, and discrediting hundreds of thousands of others who identify as Métis Eagle Staff gifted by the Ontario Coalition from all across Canada. of Indigenous Peoples.

10 THE INDIGENOUS VOICE WINTER 2018 Indigenous North Americans and European settlers. The What did Harry Daniels mean by ‘Métis’ when word is used today by many organizations across Canada he negotiated for their inclusion in the Canadian representing peoples who self-identify as having this mixed Constitution? ancestry. It has been used in Labrador by peoples who are of Inuit and European descent, and throughout Atlantic Canada Below is an excerpt from correspondence from Harry it is used by many people who are of Mi’kmaq or Maliseet Daniels, former President of the Native Council of Canada and European descent. and Chief of the Congress of Aboriginal Peoples, and Kirby So, how is it that the MNC is successfully redefining Lethbridge, of the Labrador Métis Association. Lethbridge a word in our dictionary? They say, in their Métis had put the question to Daniels, Registration Guide, that the word means the people who “What did the term Métis mean when inserted into the “emerged as a distinct people or nation in the historic Constitution of Canada?”: Northwest during the course of the 18th and 19th centuries. This area is known as the ‘historic Métis Nation Homeland’, February 17, 1994 which includes the 3 prairie Provinces and extends into In response to your question “What did the term “Métis” Ontario, British Columbia, the Northwest Territories and the mean when inserted into the Constitution of Canada?” northern United States.” They further specify that “‘Métis’ means a person who On the 30th of January 1981 when the agreement was self-identifies as Métis, is distinct from other Aboriginal reached that Indians, Inuit and Métis be specifically peoples, is of historic Métis Nation Ancestry and who is identified as Aboriginal People, in what is now Section 35(2) accepted by the Métis Nation.” of the Constitution Act, 1982…With specific reference to the If this new understanding of the word Métis takes hold, term “Métis” it was understood at the time that it (Métis) only those who can prove descent from the “historic Métis included the member organizations and their constituents Nation” will be accepted. Further, by taking ownership who self-identified as a Métis person. The notion being of the word Métis and successfully getting the Canadian that self-identity is a right that cannot be usurped by any government to go along with it, an injustice is done to the means. It was also understood that the term Métis was not entirety of eastern Canadian Métis. Simultaneously, the feds tied to any particular geographic area, keeping in mind that have the backing they need to deny any assertion of rights that might otherwise be granted to (the other) Métis peoples protected under the Constitution.

Proud to offer on-campus Indigenous learning spaces and support services to enhance Indigenous Peoples Alliance of Manitoba Weighs In Ernie Blais, President of the Indigenous Peoples Alliance our students’ experiences of Manitoba (IPAM), an affiliate of CAP, said that the MNC Applications Open: October 1, 2018 does not represent all Métis in the west. He said, “L’Union Nationale Métisse Saint-Joseph du Manitoba is the oldest Open House: October 12, 2018 Métis organization in Canada, the keepers of the flame if you will, and they are not affiliated with the MNC.” In fact, many of their past executives are current members of IPAM and are affiliated with CAP. The MNC does not represent all Métis people in the west.” Blais added, “the history being told by the MNC is just their side of the story. The MNC has a certain definition for the term Métis but, CAP has a different definition. It’s similar, but different. CAP recognizes Métis from across Canada, not just those from the Red River.” Blais is hoping that CAP will hold assemblies across the western provinces and Ontario regarding the Daniels case, and Métis curriculum in schools.

THE INDIGENOUS VOICE WINTER 2018 11 Jon MacDonald is a councillor for Region 2 of the Ontario Coalition of Indigenous Harry Daniels helped secure the Métis as a recognized People. His family is of Algonquin, Heron and European ancestry. They self-identify Indigenous people in the 1982 Constitution. as Métis and having been living a Métis way of life for hundreds of years.

Mike MacDonald is one of fi ve full time trappers in the family. Jon worries that without access to Section 35 rights, their family will lose their way of life. “When a trap line opens, when a trapper dies, his license will be given to Indigenous peoples on a fi rst-come, fi rst-served basis,” he says. “If the government won’t recognize our Vickie MacDonald, Jon’s niece, community, Mike can’t pass it on to his son as we have done for generations.” carrying a trapping load.

12 THE INDIGENOUS VOICE WINTER 2018 Aboriginal people from coast to coast identified with the individual applicants without a means to be accepted as term Métis as their way of relating to the world. Métis by the Ontario government.”

In Brotherhood, Ontario Coalition of Indigenous Peoples: What about Harry W. Daniels UNDRIP? Honourary President, Native Council of Canada Board Member, Métis Society of Saskatchewan Brad Maggrah, president of the Ontario Coalition of Indigenous Peoples, the organization to which Jon and Daniels’ intention in fighting for the Indigenous people of his family belong, states “the government of both Canada Canada is particularly important in light of the court case and the province of Ontario has not supported our desire recently settled in his name. The Daniels v. Canada case to identify our Indigenous peoples, Métis, and Non-Status resulted in the declaration that Métis and non-status Indians Indians under our terms and definitions. We have been are “Indians” under s. 91(24), a section of the Constitution doing this vital effort by volunteers and it is not ideal. We that gives sole power to pass laws relating to “Indians and need professionals to do this most important task.” Lands reserved for the Indians” to the federal government. Referencing the United Nations Declaration on the Rights This means that the Métis and non-status Indians can turn of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP), Maggrah references to the federal government to negotiate programs, services several key points: in Article 3 the UNDRIP recognizes and land rights, including hunting and fishing. Indigenous peoples’ right to self-determination, which includes the right “to freely determine their political status “Might is Right” and freely pursue their economic, social and cultural development.” Article 4 affirms Indigenous peoples’ right Jon MacDonald, from Schreiber, Ont. brought the “to autonomy or self-government in matters relating to resolution on the Recognition of Métis to the CAP AGA their internal and local affairs,” and Article 5 protects their to seek support from the National Chief and his comrades right “to maintain and strengthen their distinct political, from across the nation. MacDonald, a councillor for Region legal, economic, social and cultural institutions.” Article 26 2 of the Ontario Coalition of Indigenous People, has been states that “Indigenous peoples have the right to the lands, involved in the Métis movement for more than 30 years. He territories and resources which they have traditionally says the little guy, Métis organizations who do not receive owned, occupied or otherwise used or acquired,” and it core funding to pack a punch politically, and small Métis directs states to give legal recognition to these territories. communities like his family’s, are being left behind. The Declaration does not override the rights of Indigenous “It doesn’t seem to matter what’s right,” MacDonald says. peoples contained in their treaties and agreements with “It’s the mightiest who decides. Might is right. “This individual states, and it commands these states to observe resolution came about because in Canada, there is a and enforce the agreements. concerted effort by the MNC and Métis Nation of Ontario “As Indigenous peoples of Ontario, we will continue to (an affiliate of MNC) to exclude Métis who do not meet exercise our Indigenous right under the UNDRIP to identify their definition of the word and they are pushing to be the our section 35 right holders and we declare our right to self- sole bargaining representatives on behalf of the Métis. They government,” Maggrah says. believe only their members should be recognized by the Jon and OCIP have turned to the Congress of Aboriginal Crown. This is selective and very discriminatory.” People to help fight their cause and are hopeful that through MacDonald reports that he brought his family’s history, this resolution, something can be done to push back against ancestry and related documentation to the federal the current trend. government and has been fighting for their rights for the past five years. Ultimately, he was told to sit down with the Congress of Aboriginal Peoples to Fight for Jon and province of Ontario. Unfortunately, he says the province all Métis of Ontario only recognizes a few Métis organizations, primarily those with treaty rights such as the Red Sky The Congress of Aboriginal Peoples represents the Métis, and the MNC’s Ontario Affiliate, the Métis Nation of interests of off-reserve status and non-status Indians, Métis Ontario. and Southern Inuit Indigenous Peoples, and serves as the “The province does not recognize Métis people affiliated national voice for its provincial and territorial affiliate with OCIP or CAP,” MacDonald says. “With some 85,000 organizations. Métis in Ontario, and the MNO only representing about Resolutions that pass at the Annual General Assembly set 15 to 20,000, that leaves about 65,000 Métis without any the mandate for the organization in the year to come. In our recognition in Ontario. The province continues to apply the communications with all levels of government, CAP will Powley test for Métis rights, and it has the final say unless advocate for recognition of all Métis peoples of Canada. you have the money to go to court. This leaves almost all This will include lobbying to provincial education ministers

THE INDIGENOUS VOICE WINTER 2018 13 for inclusive, accurate histories of Métis from coast to coast to be taught in schools. We will also put forward communications on the Daniels v. Canada decision, reinforcing that it was CAP who successfully fought this legal battle for our peoples. Daniels does not defi ne who was or was not of Métis ancestry for purposes of s. 91(24) of the Constitution Act and opens the door for a broader membership base of Métis peoples. “CAP constituents include Métis peoples from across the country,” CAP National Chief Robert Bertrand says. ” Métis in Canada is not restricted to how the government of Canada defi nes us. We believe in a broader defi nition of Métis, one that includes Métis from coast to coast. This position was clearly supported by the Supreme Court of Canada’s 2016 decision in Daniels v. Canada. I will be working diligently to advance the intention of this resolution, and give my full support to our members across Canada who are most impacted by this issue including Jon, his family and other Métis in Ontario represented by our Affi liate, the Ontario Coalition of Indigenous Peoples.”

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CUPW_Nov2018-Postal Banking.indd 1 2018-11-02 3:31 PM Keeping Our Communities Safe Emergency Management By Dan Peters

n today’s world, communities can face unpredictable, overrepresented in many poverty-related categories in all catastrophic consequences from both the natural major Canadian cities. An integrated approach with I environment and man-made factors. These can result Indigenous community liaisons/crisis coordinators coupled from things like resource development activities or social with emergency preparedness training is crucial for emergencies such as suicide. vulnerable populations. Emergency management (EM) is a proactive means to Social emergencies are another problem requiring administer mitigation, preparedness, response and recovery attention. Social emergencies can occur when an Indigenous efforts for disasters and social emergencies. EM’s goal is to community has issued a state of emergency. At times, they save lives and protect property and the economy. Human also occur without a formal announcement. Social life is the most important aspect of EM. Emergencies like emergencies in Indigenous communities are often related to wildfi res and fl oods, which are often linked to climate youth suicide. change, occur much more frequently in Indigenous The Congress of Aboriginal Peoples (CAP) is working communities. hard to ensure off-reserve status and non-status Indians, The Congress of Aboriginal Peoples (CAP) understands Métis and Southern Inuit are represented in the process of that Indigenous people are exceptionally vulnerable both on EM. CAP is engaged in a variety of EM steps with the and off-reserve. It can be hypothesized that, without intent to generate a sense of safety, increase resilience and Indigenous-specifi c EM services and a culturally decrease vulnerability for Indigenous people and appropriate bridge to mainstream EM services in urban and communities. off-reserve areas, there is potential for ineffective CAP will have an engagement session with the CAP emergency responses. Board or their appointed offi cial in January 2019 to help Because ineffective responses could hinder Indigenous provide insight and vision on this very important issue. safety, urban and off-reserve considerations must be researched, with fi ndings presented to mainstream EM service providers and government departments. More than 50 per cent of Canada’s Indigenous population live in cities, towns and rural communities. This is why it is critical to consider Indigenous peoples’ unique and often vulnerable position in communities that may require a different EM approach. During disasters, the surge of medical needs is often in the fi rst 24 hours, but responses can take up to 96 hours. Thus, vulnerable populations without the same support network as other communities require special consideration. Vulnerable populations include individuals with health care needs and those living in poverty. Sadly, Indigenous people are an urban and off-reserve demographic that is

THE INDIGENOUS VOICE WINTER 2018 15 Adam Chubbs-Payne Aboriginal Youth Achievement Award Recipient By Robyn Diamond

or as long as many can remember, Indigenous health has been a critical issue. Whether it be the physical F health of our elders or the mental health of our youth, the well-being of our people has never been more than a pale shade of what it could be. Few people understand this reality better than Adam Chubbs-Payne, a passionate Mi’kmaq youth of the Qalipu (Caribou) First Nation who has chosen to walk the path of medicine and become a warrior of the medicine wheel. Chubbs-Payne is an educationally driven Bachelor of Science graduate in kinesiology from the University of New Brunswick (UNB) and currently a student at the University of Ottawa’s Faculty of Medicine. During his kinesiology program, he excelled both academically and in several extracurriculars. He was president of the UNB Kinesiology Society, serving as a peer mentor, and acted as a head-leader for the KIN Kids program. “Adam has an outgoing and confident demeanor, which I would find comforting in a physician,” says Dr. Jeremy Noble, a senior instructor at UNB. “(Adam) has all the tools that are needed to be a strong Becoming a physician and operating his own rehabilitation medical student and an excellent physician”. centre with a diverse team of healthcare professionals is Chubbs-Payne also studied abroad at Singapore’s Nanyang near and dear to his heart as Chubbs-Payne witnessed the Technological University. He overcame challenges such as positive effects rehab had following his father’s stroke. culture shock, language barriers and homesickness. His He has made large steps towards this goal with a variety studies overseas offered excellent growth opportunities, of volunteer experiences, including at a local hospital, a showing perseverance and an ability to adapt to challenging pediatric unit, a long-term care facility, a prosthetics clinic situations. The death of his best friend Ben and the grief that and a family services clinic. His selflessness has not gone followed only reinforced his medical aspirations and taught unnoticed. Senior caseworker Jill Sparrow at Opal Family him the importance of seizing life’s opportunities. Services, wrote that Chubbs-Payne “is a positive role model Chubbs-Payne has immersed himself in his Indigenous and motivated leader with amazing potential”. community by actively communicating with its members Adam Chubbs-Payne’s positive attitude, ability to and participating at school and social events. He plans on overcome challenges and focus on community growth furthering his community involvement and academic goals has made him this year’s choice for the Aboriginal Youth by joining Indigenous health focus groups and completing Achievement Award. Adam has received a cash reward and Indigenous clinical placements. certificate acknowledging his hard work and dedication.

16 THE INDIGENOUS VOICE WINTER 2018 Your place to celebrate and succeed.

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18-0430 Indigenous voice ad update.qxp_Layout 1 9/18/18 10:59 AM Page 1

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THE INDIGENOUS VOICE WINTER 2018 17 A Métis woman’s strength and determination in the male dominated skilled trades industry By Matthew Gallina

very living thing on Earth has equipment and was determined to do governments to improve their efforts two responses when faced with so regardless of the obstacles placed in to encourage young girls to seek E adversity: fi ght or fl ight. For front of her. When starting her career, education in the skilled trades. Rebecca MacEachern, fl ight is not an MacEachern was determined to remain MacEachern worked in the fi eld option. She has worked tirelessly to strong with culture and traditions in as a seasonal employee, but realized fulfi ll her career path of working in the an employment sector continuously that with skills training she could set trades. underrepresented by women and herself apart from the men she worked Indigenous peoples. with at various job sites. She decided My story starts According to a 2017 Canadian to enroll in the pre-employment heavy Manufacturers and Exporters (CME) equipment operator (HEO) program at with a vision and a report, women account for 4.5% of Practicum Training Institute (PTI). skilled trades workers. There is little “I believe being trained in this dream to make my growth of hiring women in trades. equipment will lead me to greater CME believes that businesses are success as an individual and will allow family proud, as actively looking to hire women, but me to stand out above the rest,” she very few actually apply. Multiple says. well as be a leader barriers hinder the growth of women Unfortunately, MacEachern was for others in the employed in the skilled trades, faced with another obstacle in her including sexism from men at the career path: paying for her skills community job site, lack of child care, and lack training. Finding funding for school of support systems for addressing can feel like running in circles, with “My story starts with a vision and workplace harassment. The report student fi nancial aid, provincial student a dream to make my family proud, concludes that a major barrier loans and post-secondary student as well as be a leader for others in preventing women from entering support for First Nations and Métis all the community,” MacEachern says. the trades is a lack of enrollment challenging to access for prospective She has always been interested in in education and skills training. students. Since HEO training is less working with machines and heavy The report calls on companies and than two years and can be very

18 THE INDIGENOUS VOICE WINTER 2018 expensive, post-secondary student student administrator at PTI. “She different heavy equipment that support programs will not fund this recognized that contractors are seeking MacEachern learned at PTI, she’s type of training. individuals who are knowledgeable had little diffi culty fi nding steady Determined to complete the HEO in the operation of a variety of heavy employment. “After completing the program, MacEachern found out about equipment as they can utilize you course I received multiple job offers” the Aboriginal Skills and Employment better as an employee.” MacEachern says. She ultimately Strategy (ASETS) program, a MacEachern was trained in the service that funds skills training functions, controls and operation of an programs through an agreement with excavator, grader, dozer and rock truck After completing Employment and Social Development over a four-week period. “It was very Canada (ESDC). There are more interesting learning the equipment, the course I received than 85 ASETS funding agreement from learning how to grease and fuel multiple job offers holders in Canada servicing different the MacEachern says. She fl ourished regions, and the Congress of Aboriginal in the small classroom setting and Peoples (CAP) is one of two ASETS experienced fi rsthand simulated job decided to accept a position in Fort St. holders that fund Indigenous students site training on different machines. John, B.C. as a sideboom operator and nationally. The training program also had is making her presence felt in a male- “When I came across the opportunity students complete and maintain log dominated industry. that ASETS has given me to expand my books for accurate record keeping “This opportunity has really allowed knowledge I jumped at it,” MacEachern and safety. “Compliance with current me to grow as a person developing says. Occupational Health and Safety my skills, realizing a person can CAP’s ASETS program provided standards is also mandatory,” Johanson truly accomplish anything they put over $800,000 of funding support last says. “This provides students and their mind to with hard work and fi scal year. Almost half of the programs instructors with a safe training/work dedication,” MacEachern says. She trained students in the skilled trades, environment.” is fulfi lling her vision and making transport and equipment operator Final assessments for the program are her family proud while serving as employment sectors. MacEachern conducted through practical operation an inspiration for young Indigenous applied for ASETS funding, submitted and written exams. MacEachern women, showing that they too can be all required documentation and was successfully fi nished the training with successful in the trades regardless of approved for funding from CAP. With an 87% fi nal mark. “Rebecca’s positive the barriers placed in front of them. her fi nancial concerns taken care of, attitude, reliability and dedication “I hope and pray all women realize she was one step closer to making her allowed her to successfully complete that we do have the rights, and with the dream a reality. her training program and afforded her right ambition and amazing programs “Rebecca MacEachern came to us at the ability to secure more employment like ASETS, we can truly break ground PTI with a desire to make herself more opportunities in the industry,” an unforgettable path for anyone employable in the heavy equipment Johanson says. willing to have the courage to step out operating industry” says Erin Johanson, With the knowledge of operating and live their dreams.”

The graduating class of the pre-employment HEO program at PTI for May 2018. Rebecca MacEachern, pictured second from left.

THE INDIGENOUS VOICE WINTER 2018 19 Provincial Profi le Series

The Provincial Profi le Series is a new feature for the Indigenous Voice. It is intended to introduce Indigenous and Non-Indigenous people to our communities throughout Canada. In this edition, we introduce you to NunatuKavut, the southern Inuit, of Labrador. Presenting, NunatuKavut Home of the Southern Inuit

unatuKavut means, "Our Ancient Land." It is the As time went on, there was intermarriage and our way territory of the Inuit of NunatuKavut, the Southern of life began to change dramatically. Like all Indigenous N Inuit, who reside primarily in southern and central peoples in Canada, we too, suffered the effects of Labrador. Our people lived in Labrador long before colonialism. Outsiders pillaged our resources, brought their Europeans set foot on North American soil. As it was in own form of government, denied our language and many of times of old, and still today, we are deeply connected to the our people experienced resettlement and residential schools. land, sea and ice that make up NunatuKavut, our home. And yet, we survived. We built our communities. And still For hundreds of years, we controlled the coast of Labrador. hold fast to our traditional territory. For centuries, our way The rugged coastlines and the interior waterways were of life has sustained us and our sense of identity has made home to our families who lived off the land and sea. We had us stronger. We have brought back the Kullik (a traditional our own way of making decisions, we respected all things seal oil lamp) and our drum. We celebrate our dog sledding around us and we thrived. It was our way. tradition and we feel proud. Our traditions resonate with the Over time, there were temporary visits by fi shermen and ways of our Elders. explorers, people who wanted our resources: the fi sh, seal, Our NunatuKavut Community Council (NCC) is the whale and fur-bearing animals. Strife and warfare marked representative governing body for approximately 6,000 Inuit our early encounters and many of our people lost their lives, of south and central Labrador, collectively known as the as did the Europeans. In 1765, a treaty called the British- Southern Inuit of NunatuKavut. Inuit Treaty of 1765 was reached to end the hostilities. Some It's primary function is to ensure the land, ice and water European men from the Old World chose to remain on our rights and titles of its people are recognized and respected. lands and survived in our territory because of the knowledge We are also fully present at the grassroots level in our and skills of the Inuit of NunatuKavut. communities. Operated as a not-for-profi t organization,

20 THE INDIGENOUS VOICE WINTER 2018 NCC is responsible for a variety of programs and services. Members are provided help and support with employment, education, skills and training and many other needs. NCC has worked tirelessly to have the rights of our people recognized. On July 12, we announced the most signifi cant milestone of that journey: acceptance and talks with Canada on a new Land Claim process. We look forward to good faith negotiations with Canada on a modern rights agreement that will allow us to fulfi ll our vision of being self-governing, of providing and caring for one another, our families and our communities. President Todd Russell said, “We stood united and remained hopeful and optimistic about a time when our rights would be respected and recognized. It is an emotional and joyous time for our people and there is a sense of excitement and anticipation. The future looks very bright”.

This article was adapted from text provided by NunatuKavut.

Richard Learning Bonnie Kippenhuck (left) and Shandy Smith

THE INDIGENOUS VOICE WINTER 2018 21 Alvin Turnbull, Charlottetown

Effi e Roberts

NCC’s Recognition of Indigenous Rights and Self Determination announcement with the Government of Canada on July 12, 2018, Happy Valley-Goose Bay, Labrador

President Todd Russell (left), Linda Cull (centre) and Uncle Ken Mesher (right)

22 THE INDIGENOUS VOICE WINTER 2018 THE INDIGENOUS VOICE WINTER 2018 23 How Culture Can Make or Break a Project Community engagement for successful initiatives By Annie Gingras

hat do eating a grilled caterpillar, curdled milk or By these definitions, it’s easy to see how project results eating with your hands and accepting a live can be impeded by a failure to consider cultural values. W chicken have in common? They all break down Achieving satisfactory results for all cultures involved may cultural barriers and ease the communication process necessitate relationship-building. Certain formalities, required for a successful initiative. These seemingly small protocols (presence of elders or high-level dignitaries) and gestures demonstrate acceptance, respect, trust. But, more ceremonies (smudging, prayers) may be much more importantly, they show a willingness to listen and learn important to one culture, while another may see them as a from the communities where projects (e.g. building of a new hindrance to a project’s progress. People responsible for a school, training teachers) will occur. project’s implementation may perceive things as a “waste of But what is culture? As with any social construct, it is time,” when in reality they’re vital to both a successful extremely difficult to define. Some definitions more widely endeavour and a sustainable relationship. accepted are: Understanding the values associated with collaborators is crucial to project success. Learning to harness the positives Culture […] is the collective programming of the mind aspects of others’ values while implementing a collaborative which distinguishes the members of one group or category project is a practice as old as time. This extends to verbal of people from another. Culture is learned, not innate. It cues such as language and intonation (keeping derives from one’s social environment rather than one’s communications simple to avoid misunderstanding) as well genes.” […] This definition […] may be complemented with as non-verbal cues such as hand gestures (meanings can the following: “Our own culture is like water to a fish. It vary quite broadly). Ultimately, the most beneficial sustains us. We live and breathe through it, […] a fish only stakeholder engagements will be those led by organizations discovers its need for water when it is no longer in it.” [… who actively listen, respect diversity and acknowledge the this demonstrates] how cultural predispositions impact the wealth of expertise and experiences of community overall perception of cultural differences¹. members.

¹Lückmann P, Färbera K. The impact of cultural differences on project stakeholder engagement: a review of case study research in international project management. Procedia Computer Science 100 (2016) 85-94.

24 THE INDIGENOUS VOICE WINTER 2018 Congress of Aboriginal Peoples is proud to present, Creative Leaders Symposium 2019

A professional development day that will focus partnerships, improve engagement, and enhance on entrepreneurship, mentorship, internships, critical thinking skills. Businesses can learn education and leadership. techniques and strategies to make improvements on already existing programs that could result We focus on our audiences to gain innovative in experiencing lasting results, or design new strategies, tools and tactics that engage youth programs that benefit youth in the best ways and we celebrate our Aboriginal entrepreneurs. possible.

Participants will learn, experience, and practice Want more details? some of the most effective strategies to cultivate Email: [email protected]