Watching the Watchdog 2.0 See Hua Daily

Section 1: Coverage of Political Parties and Coalitions 1.1 Volume of Coverage of Parties & Coalitions Figure 1: Volume of Coverage of Political Parties & Coalitions

PSM 0.00 0.00 PDP 0.00 0.00 IKATAN 0.00 0.08 MIC 0.12 0.21 PRS 0.21 0.29 PCM 0.29 0.37 PPBM 0.46 0.58 PAS 1.45 1.78 MCA 2.24 2.36 STAR 2.40 2.98 SAPP 3.10 3.15 PBS 5.17 5.50 UMNO 5.59 8.03 DAP 9.52 11.71 BN 24.05 0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00

• BN received the most coverage (24.05%), followed by Warisan (11.71%) and DAP (9.52%).

Figure 2: Volume of Coverage of Political Parties & Coalitions: Government vs. Opposition vs. Independent/Other

GS 1.73

Independent 3.04

PH 43.17

BN 52.06

0.00 10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 60.00

• Once parties/coalitions’ coverage volumes are combined, BN received the highest level of coverage (52.06%), followed by PH (43.17%) and GS (1.73%).

1.2 Tone of Coverage of Political Parties & Coalitions Figure 3: Raw Tonal Coverage Volume of Political Parties & Coalitions Attacked 2% Positive 29%

Neutral 48%

Negative 21%

• The Neutral tone was used the most (48%), followed by Positive (29%) and Negative (21%).

Figure 4.1: Attacked Political Party & Coalition Coverage

STAR 0.00 USNO 0.00 Other 0.00 UPKO 0.00 SUPP 0.00 SAPP 0.00 PSM 0.00 PRM 0.00 PRS 0.00 PPBM 0.00 PDP 0.00 PCM 0.00 PBS 0.00 PBRS 0.00 PBB 0.00 PAS 0.00 MIC 0.00 MCA 0.00 IKATAN 0.00 Gerakan 0.00 Gagasan Sejahtera 0.00 PKR 3.08 AMANAH 6.15 UMNO 9.23 LDP 10.77 PH 10.77 BN 15.38 DAP 16.92 Warisan 24.62 0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00

• Warisan received the most Attacked coverage (24.62%), followed by DAP (16.92%) and BN (15.38%).

Figure 4.2: Negative Political Party & Coalition Coverage

SUPP 0.00 PSM 0.00 PRM 0.00 PRS 0.00 PPBM 0.00 PDP 0.00 PCM 0.00 PBB 0.00 IKATAN 0.00 Gagasan Sejahtera 0.00 USNO 0.41 PBRS 0.61 MIC 0.61 UPKO 0.82 Gerakan 1.02 SAPP 1.22 MCA 1.22 PAS 1.43 LDP 2.04 Other 2.04 AMANAH 2.65 STAR 3.27 PKR 3.88 PBS 4.69 PH 6.73 Warisan 6.94 UMNO 7.55 DAP 7.55 BN 32.04 0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00 35.00

• BN received the most Negative coverage (32.04%), followed by DAP and UMNO (7.55%).

Figure 5.1: Positive Political Party & Coalition Coverage

USNO 0.00 PSM 0.00 PRM 0.00 PDP 0.00 PCM 0.00 PBB 0.00 PAS 0.00 MIC 0.00 IKATAN 0.00 Gerakan 0.15 SUPP 0.30 Gagasan Sejahtera 0.30 PRS 0.75 STAR 0.90 PPBM 0.90 PBRS 1.04 SAPP 1.19 LDP 1.79 Other 1.94 MCA 2.24 UPKO 2.69 AMANAH 3.28 PKR 3.73 UMNO 5.97 PBS 7.01 DAP 8.81 PH 9.55 Warisan 12.84 BN 29.10 0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00 35.00

• BN received the most positive coverage (29.10%), followed by Warisan (12.84%) and PH (9.55%).

Figure 5.2: Neutral Political Party & Coalition Coverage

SUPP 0.00 PSM 0.00 PRM 0.00 PRS 0.00 PDP 0.00 PBB 0.00 MIC 0.00 IKATAN 0.00 Gagasan Sejahtera 0.00 USNO 0.27 PBRS 0.27 Gerakan 0.27 PCM 0.35 PPBM 0.44 UPKO 1.86 LDP 2.39 AMANAH 2.39 PAS 2.48 MCA 2.92 STAR 3.18 UMNO 3.98 PBS 4.07 Other 4.42 SAPP 4.86 PKR 7.69 PH 7.87 DAP 10.61 Warisan 12.64 BN 18.83 0.00 2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00 14.00 16.00 18.00 20.00

• BN received the most Neutral coverage (18.83%) followed by Warisan (12.64%) and DAP (10.61%).

Figure 6: Tone of Coverage of Political Parties & Coalitions: Government vs. Opposition vs. Independent/Other

2.83 0.32 GS 1.69 0.00

4.05 0.97 Independent 3.86 0.00

47.67 42.26 PH 32.77 63.49

45.45 56.45 BN 61.69 36.51

0.00 10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 60.00 70.00

Neutral Positive Negative Attacked

• PH received the most Attacked and Neutral coverage, while BN received the most Positive and Negative coverage.

Section 2: Coverage of Politicians and Political Figures 2.1 Volume of Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures Figure 7: Volume of Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures

Lim Guan Eng 1.39

Najib Razak 4.11

Mahathir Mohamad 5.04

Musa Aman 5.70

Shafie Apdal 8.69

0.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 7.00 8.00 9.00 10.00

• Only the top 5 most mentioned politicians are shown on this graph. • Out of these 5, Shafie Apdal received the most mentions by a significant proportion (8.69%), followed by Musa Aman (5.70%).

Figure 8: Volume of Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures: Government vs.Opposition vs. Independent/Other BN 14%

PH 19%

Others GS 67% 0%

• When the mentions of individual politicians and political figures are combined and merged into their respective coalitions, we can see that coverage of figures is skewed towards Independent/ Others (67%). • There was more coverage of PH compared to BN.

2.2 Volume of the Use of Politicians & Political Figures as Sources Figure 9: Volume of the Use of Politicians & Political Figures as Sources

Najib Razak 4.29

Abdul Rahman Dahlan 4.76

Salleh Said Keruak 5.48

Jeffrey Kitingan 6.90

Yong Teck Lee 8.10

Musa Aman 9.29

Shafie Apdal 10.00

0.00 2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00

• Only the top 5 most mentioned politicians are shown on this graph. • Out of these 5, Shafie Apdal received the most coverage (10.00%), followed by Musa Aman (9.29%).

Figure 10: Volume of the Use of Politicians & Political Figures As Sources: Government vs. Opposition vs. Independent/Other

BN 37%

Others 47%

GS PH 1% 15% • When the mentions of individual politicians and political figures are combined and merged into their respective coalitions, we can see that coverage is skewed towards Independent/ Others (47%). BN received more coverage than PH and GS.

2.3 Tone of Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures Figure 11: Raw Tonal Coverage Volume of Politicians & Political Figures Attacked Negative 7% 12% Positive 33%

Neutral 48% • Of all the tonal categories used in the coverage of politicians and political figures, the neutral category was used the most often (48%), followed by the positive category (33%).

Figure 12.1: Negative Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures

Joseph Pairin Kitingan 3.43

Shafie Apdal 6.86

Najib Razak 9.14

Mahathir Mohamad 11.43

Musa Aman 14.29

0.00 2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00 14.00 16.00

• In terms of the tone of mentions of politicians and political figures, Musa Aman received the highest negative coverage (14.29%), followed by Mahathir Mohamad (11.43%).

Figure 12.2: Attacked Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures

Muhyiddin Yassin 4.04

Musa Aman 6.06

Mahathir Mohamad 8.08

Ahmad Zahid Hamidi 9.09

Shafie Apdal 40.40

0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00 35.00 40.00 45.00

• Shafie Apdal was attacked the most (40.40%), followed by Ahmad Zahid Hamidi (9.09%).

Figure 13.1: Positive Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures

Joseph Pairin Kitingan 1.46

Mahathir Mohamad 4.16

Najib Razak 4.99

Musa Aman 7.48

Shafie Apdal 7.48

0.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 7.00 8.00

• In terms of the tone of mentions of politicians and political figures, Shafie Apdal and Musa Aman received the most positive coverage (7.48%), followed by Najib Razak (4.99%).

Figure 13.2: Neutral Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures

Lim Guan Eng 2.25

Najib Razak 2.67

Musa Aman 2.67

Mahathir Mohamad 2.95

Shafie Apdal 5.90

0.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 7.00

• Shafie Apdal received the most neutral coverage (5.90%), followed by Mahathir Mohamad (2.95%).

Figure 14: Tone of Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures: Government vs. Opposition vs. Independent/Other

Attacked 27.45 Neutral 76.22

Others Negative 41.01 Positive 70.04 Attacked 0.00 Neutral 0.42 GS Negative 0.00 Positive 0.00 Attacked 51.96 Neutral 15.24 PH Negative 25.84 Positive 13.84 Attacked 20.59 Neutral 8.11

BN Negative 33.15 Positive 16.12

0.00 10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 60.00 70.00 80.00 90.00

Overall, Independent/Others received the highest Positive, Neutral, and Negative coverage, while PH received the highest Attacked coverage.

2.4 Tone of the Use of Politicians & Political Figures As Sources: Attack Politics or Negative Campaigning Figure 15: Attack Politics: Which Politicians and Political Figures Employ 'Attack Politics' Most Often?

Maximus Ongkili 4.82

Lim Guan Eng 7.23

Shafie Apdal 9.64

Musa Aman 14.46

Yong Teck Lee 20.48

0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00

• This graph is weighted to show attack politics as a proportion of overall use as source. • Yong Teck Lee was the politician most likely to engage in attack politics (20.48%), followed by Musa Aman (14.46%).

Figure 16: Attack Politics: Which Coalition Employs Attack Politics Most Often?

BN 37%

Others 47%

GS PH 1% 15% • This graph is weighted to show attack politics as a proportion of overall use as source. • Overall, Independent/ Others party politicians engaged in attack politics most often (47%), followed by BN (37%) and PH (15%).

Section 3: Coverage of Issues 3.1. Volume of Media Coverage of Policy Issues vs Non-Policy Issues Figure 17: Coverage of Policy vs Non-Policy Issues

Policy Issues 27%

Non-policy Issues 73%

Note: Non-policy issues received more coverage than Policy issues.

Figure 18: Policy Issues National Security Oppressive Legislation 0% 5% Vision Foreign Policy 19% 9%

Environment 1% Education 19%

Economy/Develop ment 47% Note: Economy/Development was the most covered issue, followed by Education and Vision.

Figure 18.1: Breakdown of Vision/Policy/Programme Other TN50 Transformasi 8% 1% 2%

PH Manifesto 15%

BN Manifesto 74%

Note: BN manifesto was covered far more than the others, followed by PH manifesto. No coverage of Gagasan Manifesto.

Figure 18.2: Breakdown of Economy/Development Issues Housing 1MDB Recession 7% 4% 1% Welfare 2% Unemployment 7%

Growth 17%

Infrastructure 44%

Inflation/GST 18%

Note: Infrastructure was the most covered topic, followed by Inflation/GST and Growth.

Figure 19: Non-Policy Issues Gender Electioneering Ethnicity 3% 5% 16% Mudslinging Religion 0% 2%

Democracy & Human Rights 0% Socioeconomic sectors 4%

Territory 70%

Note: Territory was the most covered topic, followed by Ethnicity and Electioneering.

Figure 19.1: Breakdown of Socioeconomic Sectors Other 6% Middle class/Professionals 8% Cost of living Working class 14% 8%

Rural Civil service 3% 5% Urban 3%

Military and police 53%

Note: Military and police was the most covered issue, followed by Cost of living and Working class/ Middle class/Professionals.

Figure 19.2: Breakdown of Territory Issues

Semenanjung/Sabah/Sarawak 22

Bangsa Johor 1

Sabah Independence 1

Sarawak Independence 1

Terengganu 2

Selangor 11

Sarawak 40

Sabah 507

Penang 16

Perlis 4

Perak 5

Pahang 1

Negeri Sembilan 3

Malacca 1

Kelantan 5

Kedah 3

Johor 5

Putrajaya 3

Labuan 26

Kuala Lumpur 8

0 100 200 300 400 500 600

Note: Sabah was the most covered territory, followed by Sarawak and Labuan.