IEEC ANNUAL REPORT 2004
Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya
1 TABLE OF CONTENTS
I INTRODUCTION...... 3 II HUMAN RESOURCES ...... 4 II.1 STRUCTURE ...... 4 II.2 PERSONNEL...... 6 II.2.a Scientific Staff ...... 6 II.2.b Visiting Scientist (short term) ...... 7 II.2.c Support and Administrative Staff...... 7 II.3 STASTISTIC PROFILES (December 31, 2004)...... 8 III RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES ...... 12 III.1 BASIC AND APPLIED RESEARCH...... 12 III.1.a Astrophysics and Cosmology...... 12 III.1.b Fundamental Physics...... 16 III.1.c Microgravity ...... 17 III.1.d Organic Cosmochemistry...... 17 III.1.e Space Geodesy ...... 18 III.1.f Atmospheric Physics ...... 20 III.1.g Physics of the Sun-Earth Relation and Space Weather...... 21 III.1.h Applied Mathematical Methods ...... 22 III.2 PARTICIPATION IN SPACE MISSIONS...... 23 III.3 GROUND BASED FACILITIES...... 27 IV EDUCATIONAL PROGRAM...... 29 IV.1 Master in Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems...... 29 (2003-2004)...... 29 IV.2 Specialized Lectures...... 30 IV.3 Doctoral Theses Defended in 2004 ...... 31 IV.4 Doctoral Theses in Progress...... 31 V PROJECTS ...... 32 V.1 Completed Projects in 2004 ...... 32 V.2 Current Projects ...... 34 VI PUBLICATIONS AND OUTREACH ...... 36 VI.1 SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS ...... 36 VI.1.a SCI (Science Citation Index) Publications...... 36 VI.1.b Non SCI Publications...... 40 VI.2 SCIENTIFIC REPORTS ...... 43 VI.4 CONTRIBUTIONS TO SCIENTIFIC MEETINGS ...... 44 VI.5 COMMUNICATION AND OUTREACH ...... 53 VI.5.a Talks...... 53 VI.5.b Mass Media ...... 55
2 I INTRODUCTION
The Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC) was created on February 6th, 1996, by Fundació Catalana per a la Recerca (FCR), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB) and Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC). In 2001 the Consell Interdepartamental de Recerca i Tecnologia (CIRIT), joined the Board of Trustees. The goal was to create a common space were researchers from different reputable institutions could work together and reach the critical mass needed to contribute significantly to the international community in the Space Science field.
In order to bind its domain of activities, IEEC has focused efforts on the study of the Earth (atmosphere, oceans, crust, etc.) and the Cosmos (solar physics, planetology and interplanetary medium, stellar and galactic physics, cosmology, etc.). The Institute’s philosophy aims at dealing with all these topics in a global way, i.e., from the point of view of pure research, its applicability, and the development of new instruments and techniques. There is a main emphasis on the participation in space missions of ESA and other space agencies.
The IEEC multidisciplinary philosophy is that of an open and dynamic scientific community, where different groups can interact and explore new options for private and governmental cooperations with the aim of producing interesting ideas and internationally recognized results. During its almost nine years of existence, IEEC has been providing the Space Science international community with contributions in different fields like Astrophysics and Cosmology, Geophysics, Atmospheric Physics, Organic Cosmochemstry, Space Weather, or Fundamental Physics [see previous annual reports]. IEEC has grown from a reduced group of a few researchers to its actual size of more than 50 well-known scientists. It has also created a modest but respected educational component, providing academic activities like Masters and Ph.D. advisory support in collaboration with several universities.
As a short review of last year scientific contributions it is worthwhile mentioning the publication of more than 100 papers, the development of 26 financed projects (12 of them successfully completed during 2004), and the increase of educational activities (with 2 Ph.D. thesis completed and 11 more in progress). IEEC is reinforcing its participation in space missions such as INTEGRAL, GAIA, LPF, MAX, and SMOS, and is focusing efforts in its participation in international projects like IRAIT. In summary, IEEC has significantly improved scientific results with respect to last year, reaching the milestones programmed during 2003 as 2004 objectives.
3 II HUMAN RESOURCES
II.1 STRUCTURE
• The Board of Trustees is composed by:
President: Rafael Español Navarro (President FCR) Vice-president: Albert Mitjà Sarvisé (Vicepresident FCR) Member: Joan Tugores Ques (Rector UB) Member: Carlos Martínez Alonso (Presidente CSIC) Member: Lluís Ferrer Caubet (Rector UAB) Member: Josep Ferrer Llop (Rector UPC) Member: Enric Banda Tarradellas (Director FCR) Member: Xavier Hernández Cardona (Director CIRIT) Secretary: Albert Serratosa Palet (Secretari FCR)
• The Scientific Council advises the Board of Trustees. Nominations are for 4 years without any possibility of renovation. The mission of the panel is to examine the quality and the suitability of the tasks performed by the IEEC. It is constituted by:
Alberto Tobias (ESA) – President Juan Manuel García Ruiz (CSIC) Francisco Garzón (IAC) Ángel Cardama (UPC) Ismael Colomina (IdeG) Juan Manuel Lecue (BAIE) Carles Simó (UB) Ma. Dolores Sabau (INTA) Francesc Serra (UAB) Jordi Isern – Secretary (IEEC/CSIC)
• The Director, Jordi Isern, is responsible for the management of general activities and for the execution of orders given by the Board of Trustees.
• The Direction Board is constituted by:
Jordi Isern (Director IEEC) José María Torrelles (Professor de Investigació, CSIC) Jordi Torra (Professor Titular UB) Enrique García-Berro (Catedràtic UPC)
4 The flowchart bellow serves to illlustrate the structure and activities of IEEC:
Board of Scientific Trustees Council
Direction Board Director
Research and Development Administration and Advanced Support Formation
BASIC RESEARCH: APPLIED Astrophysics & RESEARCH AND Cosmology DEVELOPMENT:
Fundamental Physics Space Geodesy Management
Masters Organic Accounting
Cosmochemistry Microgravity Lectures Information
Space Misions Technology Thesis ACTIVITIES
5 II.2 PERSONNEL
II.2.a Scientific Staff
Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya
1. Boatella, César – Becari – since 04/2004 2. Borrás, Cristina – Gestor projectes 3. Cabré, Anna – Becària – since 02/2004 4. Carrera, Jordi – Contractat a càrrec de projecte – until 10/2004 5. Colomé, Josep – Contractat a càrrec de projecte 6. Garcia-Cuadrado, Glòria – Becària FPI-CIRIT 7. Homar, Víctor – Contracte Ramón y Cajal – since 12/2004 8. Manera, Marc – Becari FPI-CIRIT 9. Nofrarias, Miquel – Becari IEEC 10. Nogués, Oleguer – Contractat a càrrec de projecte 11. Oliveras, Santiago – Contractat a càrrec de projecte – since 04/2004 12. Pardo, Enric – Contractat a càrrec de projecte – since 10/2004 13. Sanjuan, Josep – Becari – since 04/2004 14. Sanz, Josep – Ajudant de recerca contractat a càrrec de projecte 15. de Sereville – Becari CNRS – until 12/2004 16. Xirgu, Xavier – Contractat a càrrec de projecte – since 12/2004
Institut de Ciències de l’Espai, CSIC
1. Anza, Sergio - Contractat a càrrec de projecte – since 04/2004 2. Álvarez, José Manuel – Contractat a càrrec de projecte 3. Artigas, Anna – Becària FPI-MCYT – since 03/2004 4. Beekhuis, Myrthe – Contractat a càrrec de projecte – until 10/2004 5. Castander, Francisco Javier – Científic Titular 6. Catalán, Sílvia – Becària FPU-MUDC 7. Elizalde, Emili – Investigador Científic 8. Elósegui, Pedro – Investigador Científic 9. Gaztañaga, Enrique – Científic Titular 10. Girart, Josep Miquel - Investigador Ramón y Cajal – since 02/2004 11. González, Violeta – Becària FPI-McyT 12. Hernanz, Margarida – Científic Titular 13. Isern, Jordi – Professor Investigació 14. Loren, Pablo – Becari – since 03/2004 15. Oliva, Roger - Contractat a càrrec de projecte – since 10/2004 16. Ribas, Ignasi – Investigador Ramón y Cajal – since 01/2004 17. Ribó, Serni – Contractat a càrrec de projecte 18. Rius, Antoni – Investigador Científic 19. Sala, Glòria – Becària McyT – until 12/2004 20. Torrelles, Josep M. – Professor Investigació 21. Torrobella, Josep – Ajudant de recerca contractat a càrrec de projecte
Universitat de Barcelona
1. Canal, Ramon-Departament d’Astronomia i Meteorologia – Catedràtic Universitat 2. Casademunt, Jaume – Departament Estructura i Constituent de la Matèria – Professor Titular Universitat 3. Figueras, Francesca – Departament d’Astronomia i Meteorologia – Professor Titular Universitat 4. Gómez, Gerard – Departament de Matemàtica Aplicada i Anàlisi – Catedràtic Universitat 5. Jordi, Carme – Departament d’Astronomia i Meteorologia – Professor Titular Universitat 6. Lobo, José Alberto – Departament de Física Fonamental – Professor Titular Universitat 7. Luri, Xavier - Departament d’Astronomia i Meteorologia – Investigador Ramón y Cajal 8. Llorca, Jordi – Departament Química Orgànica – Professor Titular Universitat 9. Sanahuja, Blai - Departament d’Astronomia i Meteorologia – Catedràtic Universitat
6 10. Torra, Jordi- Departament d’Astronomia i Meteorologia – Professor Titular Universitat
Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya
1. Badenes, Carles – Departament de Física i Enginyeria Nuclear – Becari DGICYT – until 07/2004 2. Bravo, Eduard – Departament de Física i Enginyeria Nuclear – Catedràtic Escola Universitària 3. García-Berro, Enrique – Departament de Física Aplicada – Catedràtic Universitat 4. García-Senz, Domingo – Departament de Física i Enginyeria Nuclear – Catedràtic Escola Universitària 5. Hirschmann, Alina – Becària CIRIT 6. José, Jordi- Departament de Física i Enginyeria Nuclear – Catedràtic Escola Universitària 7. Masdemont, Josep – Departament Matemàtica Aplicada – Professor Titular Universitat 8. Pino, David – Departament Física Aplicada – Professor Associat 9. Portell, Jordi – Departament Física Aplicada – Becari CIRIT 10. Ramírez-Piscina, Laureano – Departament Física Aplicada – Professor Titular Universitat 11. Torres, Santiago – Departament Física Aplicada – Professor Associat Universitat
Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
1. Mondelo, Josep Maria – Departament de Matemàtica – Professor Titular Universitat
Universitat Rovira i Virgili
1. Ruiz, Xavier – Departament Física Aplicada – Professor Titular Universitat
Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats
1. Martínez-Pinedo, Gabriel – Professor Investigació 2. Odintsov, Sergei – Professor Investigació 3. Miralda-Escudé, Jordi – Professor Investigació (part time)
II.2.b Visiting Scientist (short term)
1. Aretxaga, Itziar (INAOE, Mexico) – 3-12 January 2004. 2. Bik, Janeke (Delft University, Holland) – November 2004 – February 2005 3. Burinskii, Alexander, (NSI, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow) – 23-30 March, 2004 4. Cognola, Guido (Department of Physics, Trento University, Italy) – 14-20 November 2004. 5. Ferrer, Efrain,( SUNY, Fredonia, New York) - 3 June - 5 July 2004. 6. de Haro, Sebastian, (Albert Einstein Institut, Golm, Germany) - May 2004. 7. Hughes, David (INAOE, Mexico) – 3-12 January 2004. 8. Incera, Vivian, (SUNY, Fredonia, New York) - 3 June - 5 July 2004. 9. Neves, Rui (University of Algarve, Portugal) – 21-30 November 2004. 10. Treister, Ezequiel (Yale University and Universidad de Chile) – 23 March – 7 April 2004. 11. Zerbini, Sergio, Department of Physics, (Trento University, Italy) – 14-20 November, 2004.
II.2.c Support and Administrative Staff
Computation Facility 1. Guerrero, Josep (IEEC) – Administrador de sistemes 2. Robles, Daniel (IEEC) – Tècnic informàtic Administration 3. Bertolín, Anna (IEEC) – Cap de negociat 4. Español, Mireia (IEEC) – Cap de comunicació 5. Moltó, Isabel (CSIC) – Cap de negociat 6. Montes, Pilar (IEEC) – Gerent 7. Notario, Eva (IEEC) – Secretària
7 II.3 STASTISTIC PROFILES (December 31, 2004)
Personnel distribution by Areas
Astrodynamics 3 Astrophysics and Cosmology 36 Director’s office 1 Earth Sciences 9 Fundamental Physics 9 Microgravity 3 Support and Administration 7
68 Profile
Men Women
Doctors 38 33 5 Bachelors/Engineers 26 17 9 Other 4 1 3
Total 68 51 17
AGE DISTRIBUTION 2004
30
25
20 2001 15 2002 2003 2004 10
5
0 20-30 31-40 41-50 51-60 61-70
8
DISTRIBUTION OF SCIENTIFIC HUMAN RESOURCES: 2004
ICREA UAB URV IEEC 5% 2% 2% 24% UPC IEEC 17% CSIC UB UPC UAB URV ICREA UB 17% CSIC 33%
9
IEEC FUNDING 2003 MCYT Universities 4% 3% Companies 9% Companies Education Education 11% EU FCR 52% ESA CIRIT EU FCR 0.5% MCYT ESA Universities CIRIT 17% 4%
IEEC FUNDING 2004
Companies Education ESA Education Companies 1% 3% 2% DURSI UE UE 2% ESA 1% FCR Universities 8% DURSI Contracte DURSI 0% Programa 8% FCR
DURSI Contracte MEC Ramon y Cajal Programa 4% MEC Ramon y Cajal MEC Juan de la Cierva MEC projects
Universities
MEC projects MEC Juan de la Cierva 70% 1%
10
INCOME BY COMPETITIVE PROJECTS 2003
Universities MCYT Companies 6% 18% 9% Companies CIRIT 9% Education EU ESA
Education CIRIT 22% MCYT ESA EU Universities 35% 1%
INCOME BY COMPETITIVE PROJECTS 2004
Companies EU 2% Education 1% 1% ESA 4% Universities Companies 0% DURSI Education 2% EU ESA DURSI MEC MEC Universities 90%
11 III RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES
Activities at the IEEC are structured around two scientific strategies: 1) a series of key international collaborations, identified as horizontal key projects, mainly related with space missions but also with ground- based facilities and 2) a series of vertical lines of basic research, which also provide the justification and benefit from the existence of such missions and facilities. Following these two strategies, we participate in high-level projects, most of them in the space science field, which require important and multidisciplinary resources and we develop the basic research required to accomplish the aforementioned projects.
III.1 BASIC AND APPLIED RESEARCH
III.1.a Astrophysics and Cosmology
Image courtesy of NASA • Dark Matter and Dark Energy in the Universe: How does the Universe evolve? What is the geometry and topology of space? What is the matter and energy content and its connection to the overall structure? The single most impressive fact concerning our universe is that it is nearly totally composed of material of unknown nature. Roughly 95% of the total cosmic matter content is in a form that escaped so far our understanding. One third of this, the so-called dark matter, appears to reside in observable objects like galaxies and clusters of galaxies and, at least in principle, might be directly detected by laboratory experiments as well as astronomical observations. The remaining 70% of the cosmic medium seems to possess an utterly different nature: it avoids clustering and accelerates the expansion of the universe. This is the dark energy. The solutions to these puzzles will most probably lead to a new view of the cosmos and/or a new understanding of the laws of nature, in particular gravity and its relation to quantum physics. We explore both theoretical and observational aspects of this problem: validity of Friedman equation, non-standard equation of state, linear and non-linear growth of perturbations, standard candles… Phantoms are currently very attractive candidates for dark energy. We have investigated some specific properties of such models (for instance, their similarity with quantum field theory). We have also constructed cosmological models of phantom universe where early time inflation is caused by quantum effects and late time cosmic speed-up is caused by phantom contribution.
• Large scale structures in the Universe: How do structures, such as galaxies, form in the Universe? The mystery of galaxy and cluster formation cannot be separated from the general problem of large-scale
12 structure formation taking into account the initial conditions of matter and energy content in the Universe. Our methodology is mainly oriented towards the study of implications obtained from the theories about the origin of large structures, as well as the problems related with data acquisition and analysis, especially in the case of the new generation Virtual Observatories and Terabyte data bases. Among covered topics it is worthwhile mentioning the following: comparison of the Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect with other mass indicators, (integrated) Sachs-Wolf effect, relationship between the high red-shift galactic formation and millimetric cosmology (ALMA, First, LMT, Shades, Blast), CMB space missions (WMAP, Planck), the non-Gaussian primordial distribution of fluctuations, reconstruction of the primordial spectrum, and its interpretation…
• Stellar physics: Low and intermediate mass stars end their lives as white dwarfs after ejecting their outer envelope during the planetary nebula phase, at the end of the AGB phase. One of the problems in which we have invested a considerable amount of research is the observational characterization of the convective envelopes of AGB stars, in order to constrain the different theoretical models and to obtain the detailed chemical composition of the inner core. Besides this, we have also studied the way in which massive AGB stars develop radial pulsations to ultimately eject their massive envelopes to become white dwarfs. We also paid close attention to the nuclear processes which occur in the core of those AGB stars within the high mass range, which burn carbon off-center in a partially degenerate environment to produce oxygen-neon cores.
• Classical novae: We have undertaken a great effort in the modelling of classical nova outbursts and on the influence of such explosions on the Galactic chemical composition. In particular, we have identified some uncertainties in the nuclear reactions describing the synthesis of elements on such objects. These studies have led to a number of nuclear physics experiments performed in several facilities throughout the world (Louvain La-Neuve, TRIUMF...). We have dedicated special attention to the high-energy emission expected from classical novae (X and gamma-rays). Concerning gamma-ray emission from novae, it is important to stress that no single gamma-ray feature has ever been detected from such objects. Nevertheless, current theoretical models strongly suggest such possibility. Hence, a potential detection of gamma-ray signals from novae would provide a firm confirmation of the models. Our attempts have been focused on the characterization of the expected signals at 1275 keV (both from individual and cumulative classical nova outbursts) as well as at 511 keV and energies below, as potential targets for the spectrometer available in the INTEGRAL mission (launched on October, 2002). Our proposals for observations of classical novae with INTEGRAL were approved both in the first and second announcements of opportunity. We also have performed predictions of observability with future gamma-ray instruments like NASA’S EXIST. All the predictions of nova nucleosynthesis and gamma-ray emission are based on simulations of the explosion with 1D hydrodynamical code and on Monte Carlo simulations of the gamma-ray production and transport. Concerning X-ray emission, several recent nova outbursts have been observed by means of the XMM satellite through a series of approved observing proposals. From the analysis of such observations, we expected to better understand the properties of the remaining nuclear activity in the outer layers (soft X-ray emission) as well as to provide diagnostics of the shocks that take place in the ejected nova shells (hard X-ray emission). In the matter of pre-solar meteoritic grains, we have reported, in collaboration with scientists of the University of Washington in St. Louis (USA), the first discovery of grains likely condensed in the ejecta from classical nova outbursts, based on several simultaneous measurements of isotopic abundance ratios. Furthermore, and in the framework of this collaboration, we have analyzed the theoretical imprint of classical novae in pre-solar grains, which will contribute to the future identification of new nova grain candidates.
• Thermonuclear supernovae: These supernovae are the outcome of the thermonuclear explosion of a C/O white dwarf in a binary system. Besides their intrinsic interest and their important influence on the evolution of the Galaxy, they have proved to be an extremely powerful tool to measure cosmological distances. Nevertheless, it is necessary to prove that they are free of systematic evolutionary effects. So, our research has been focused on the analysis of several different pieces of evidence that could shed light into the true nature of this kind of supernovae (light curves, nucleosynthesis of radioactive elements and its detection through prompt gamma-ray emission, formation and X ray emission of supernova remnants, ...). To do so, we have had to update hydrodynamic supernova codes for the simulation of the explosion, both with the assumption of spherical symmetry and without it. We have as well developed a Monte Carlo code for gamma-ray transport, and a ionization and X-ray emission code for the characterization of supernova remnants. It is also worthwhile mentioning that INTEGRAL has allocated 2 million seconds of observation time to the Ia supernovae explosion in the second run, in the
13 event that such an explosion occurs and that IEEC has been recognized as one of the top sites for expertise in such topics.
• Core-collapse supernovae: Massive stars end their lives when the iron core reaches the Chandrasekhar´s mass. At this time, they collapse and, if not too massive, explode in spectacular events known as type II or Ib/c supernovae. Simulation of core collapse requires the knowledge of several processes mediated by the weak interaction. Electron capture on protons has been considered for many years the most important process. However, we have recently shown that electron capture on nuclei is the dominating proces and we study its influence in the collapse and explosive dynamics in collaboration with leading teams in supernovae simulation (Oak Ridge, Garching). The effect of other processes like neutrino-nucleus inelastic scattering that has been traditionally neglected is currently under investigation. Our results have also indicated key reactions that could be measured in future radioactive ion beam facilities and collaborations with leading experimental nuclear physics teams have been set up (Darmstadt, KVI, MSU, Otsaka)
• Interstellar medium: We are studying different novel aspects of the first stages of star formation and of the formation of planetary nebulae. In both evolutionary stages, stars strongly interact with the surrounding medium showing remarkable similarities in the associated phenomena: jets, disks and maser emission among others. Many of the details of the physical mechanism involved in the generation of these phenomena are largely unknown, although it seems quite clear that the “disk-jet- central object” connection, combined with the presence of magnetic fields, is the engine that drives these phenomena. Observations at high angular resolution are the key to understand the details of the underlying mechanisms. For that we are using large interferometric facilities (Very Large Array and Very Large Baseline Array of the National Radio Astronomy Observatory, USA), complemented with optical and infrared observations. One of our most important results during 2003 has been the discovery of two remarkable young stellar objects having a similar spectral type, being separated by only 0.7 arcseconds (corresponding to 1400 Astronomical Units [AU]), sharing the same environment, but with a strikingly different outflow ejection geometry. One source has a collimated, jet-like outflow at 2000 AU scale, while the other has a shell outflow at 160 AU scale expanding in multiple directions with respect to a central compact radio continuum source. This result reveals that outflow collimation is not only a consequence of ambient conditions, but something intrinsic to the individual evolution of stars, and brings to light the possibility of isotropic outflows in the earliest stages of stars.
• Binary stars: Surveys in the Galaxy indicate that over 60% of the stars belong in binary or multiple systems. Binary stars have proved excellent laboratories for the study of various aspects of stellar astrophysics. Among other reasons, this is because they yield direct determinations of the most fundamental stellar properties (masses and radii) and because they are subject to very interesting evolutionary processes. Binaries play a central role in some of the most important open problems in stellar astrophysics. For example, we are working on the use of eclipsing binaries to put stringent constraints on the structure and evolution of low mass stars, which, being the most numerous galactic population, are still defying predictions from state-of-the-art models. At the other end of the stellar mass distribution, we are using high-mass binaries to provide valuable insights into the nature of the poorly-known, yet very important, convection processes. In the past several years, the study of binary stars in other galaxies (mostly in the Local Group) has revealed itself as an emergent discipline with profound implications on stellar evolution, enrichment of the interstellar medium, X-ray binaries and supernovae. In addition to this, our group has pioneered in the use of extragalactic eclipsing binaries as precise distance indicators. Several studies on Large Magellanic Cloud binaries have been published so far and the program is currently being extended to the Andromeda galaxy, with the ultimate goal of achieving a better calibration of the Cosmic Distance Scale and the Hubble constant.
• Stellar irradiances and influence on exoplanets: Much attention is being focused in recent years on all topics related to exoplanet detection and modelling. One of the aspects that has revealed very important to the evolution and stability of exoplanets is the effect of the high-energy emissions from the parent star. Our group has been actively engaged in a multiwavelenth program (mostly with observations from space) to characterize the evolution of the high-energy emission of the Sun (and solar-type stars) during its main sequence lifetime. We have found that the young Sun had much stronger emissions that reached up to factors of 100-1000 in the X-rays and 10-50 in the far-UV. Also, our studies indicate that the solar high-energy flux was about 2.5 times the present value 2.5 Gyr ago and about 6 times the present value about 3.5 Gyr ago (when life supposedly arose on Earth). The
14 strong radiation emissions inferred should have had major influences on the thermal structure, photochemistry, and photoionization of planetary atmospheres and also played an important role in the development of primitive life in the Solar System. We are now generalizing the study to stars of lower masses, which have enhanced high-energy emissions over extended periods of time. Our study bears on the key question of atmospheric stability and evaporation within the context of the habitable zone definition around a star.
• Galactic formation history: White dwarfs are fossil stars with a lifetime of the order of 10 Gyrs. Since their evolution is just a cooling process, it is possible to obtain their age by just measuring their temperatures. Since the process of formation of these stars does not modify the kinematic properties of their main sequence parents, they provide the unique opportunity to reconstruct past events in the Galaxy, like merger episodes or the star formation rate.
15
III.1.b Fundamental Physics
• Fundamental constants: One of the most important problems in contemporary physics is to understand why the fundamental constants (namely, the gravitational constant, G, the speed of light, c, or the fine structure constant, α) have the value they have and also to ascertain if they have remained constant in time. It is possible to use the dependence on G of the structure and thermal content of white dwarfs (i.e., the dependence of the cooling rate and the value of the Chandrasekhar-mass on G) to set tight bounds on the rate of variation of the gravitational constant and of the fine structure constant.
• The Casimir effect: The quantum vacuum is a source of important phenomena, both for very small (MEM devices and actuators) and for very large (cosmological constant issues) distances. The understanding of the fluctuations of the quantum vacuum is intimately related with the comprehension of the nature of quantum fields themselves. We are trying to contribute to this understanding, by working in different configurations, with different fields and boundary conditions, mainly at large but also at small scales, corresponding to several situations: a range of applications of the Casimir effect in quantum field theory and cosmological particle physics. Recently, we have addressed two fundamental questions: one is the so-called multiplicative anomaly in the calculation of effective actions corresponding to product Hamiltonians, and the other the very elusive issue of trying to impose boundary conditions on quantum fields. Indeed, an interesting example of the deep interrelation between Physics and Mathematics is obtained when trying to impose mathematical boundary conditions on physical systems. This procedure has recently been re-examined with care. We have carried out an analysis on this point, in order to fill the gap between the infinities appearing in the QFT renormalized results and the finite values obtained in the literature with other procedures. See, for instance, our recent book: Analytic Aspects of Quantum Fields, A.A. Bytsenko, G. Cognola, E. Elizalde, V. Moretti, S. Zerbini. In September this year 2005 we are organizing the QFEXT05 International Conference in Barcelona where many of these aspects will be treated and the interdisciplinariy of this subject will be manifest.
• Strings, brane-worlds and the AdS/CFT correspondence in cosmology: Despite many efforts, M- theory/strings is considered currently as the most probable candidate for a “theory of everything”. Remarkable progress has been achieved here in the last years. In particular, the celebrated duality between superstrings in Anti-deSitter space and quantum field theories living in less dimensions (so- called AdS/CFT correspondence) has been discovered and explored. It opened the way to relate the purely theoretical concepts of string/M-theory with fundamental cosmology, for instance, via the holographic principle. We have made a significant contribution to this really wide subject, trying to extend AdS/CFT correspondence to cosmological spaces and investigate its four-dimensional consequences, using the analogy with the renormalization group. A related stringy motivated topic is brane-world approach, where our four-dimensional universe is considered to be embedded in higher dimensional space (usually, AdS space or AdS black hole) as a boundary. We showed how an inflationary four-dimensional brane universe may be realized when also brane quantum effects are taken into account. Within the study of holographic principle it is demonstrated how the FRW brane equations may be written as a kind of Cardy-Verlinde formula, including quantum as well as logarithmic corrections. New entropy bounds can be established in this way. A brane solution of the cosmological constant problem can be suggested. We have been working on phantom models with some success, proving on the one hand that such models are maybe not so special in the sense that they are related with some more usual models by coordinate change and, on the other, that the future singularity arising in them can disappear due to quantum effects.
16 III.1.c Microgravity
The lines of this area focus on the study of the behaviour of single/multicomponent confined fluid systems under reduced gravity conditions, a field closely related to Fluid Mechanics and Materials Science.
The projects presented below were done with participation of some of our group members prior to joining the IEEC
• Stochastic Modeling of the Residual Acceleration Field in a Microgravity Environment: We discuss the fluid flow induced by the high-frequency components of the residual acceleration field onboard spacraft (g-jitter) on reprentative experimental configurations. The examples studied in this investigation ied the statistics of g-jitter time series data from the NASA SL-J mission (SAMS-258), and discussed a new stochastic model of g-jitter. The examples were chosen to highlight intrinsically stochastic effects of g- jitter, including free surface resonance, cavity flow, and inertial Brownian motion in suspension. The latter is relevant for coarsening experiments in solid-liquid mixtures. -Florida State University & Universitat de Barcelona-
• Bubble Formation and Dispersion Processes in Microgravity: The effects of buoyancy on the bubble detachment and dispersion mechanisms of submerged gas injection were studied under isothermal conditions. A free-standing capillary tube and a plate orifice submerged in water were used as the gas injection system in microgravity, and the resulting flow regimes and bubble sizes were documented. The effects of liquid coflow, surface tension, and viscosity were also analyzed. Drop Tower experiments in the 2.2 second Drop Tower (shown below) at NASA GRC showed that for gas injection into a quiescent liquid, bubble detachment was achieved for all the Weber numbers (0.28 - 31.12) with the free-standing tubes, and plate orifices (Weber numbers raging from 0.76 to 4.5). Bubbles formed with a plate orifice in a quiescent liquid at low gas flow rates were larger than those formed with a tube due to the bubble base expansion and the presence of gas chamber in the case of plate orifices. The differences observed between plate orifices and free-standing tubes as possible injection systems into quiescent liquids in microgravity as well as the effects of pressure pulsation observed at low Weber numbers.
III.1.d Organic Cosmochemistry
The universe is full of organic molecules. Molecular clouds, interstellar dust, comets, meteorites and other bodies of our planetary system contain hundreds of different organic molecules exhibiting a wide range of structures and functional groups. Some of these molecules were synthesized in the interstellar medium, while others originated from catalytic reactions in heterogeneous phase between solar nebula gas and dust. After that, some of these molecules suffered hydrothermal alteration processes, which produced other organic molecules with increasing complexity, as they are found in meteorites and comets today. The study of carbonaceous chondrites –the most primitive meteorites- and interplanetary dust particles of cometary origin, allows to discern the reaction conditions that were present during the synthesis of their organic molecules. With that purpose, we carry out laboratory simulations to reproduce the Organic molecules arriving from meteorites and comets could be of great importance for life to appear on Earth 17 chemical and physical conditions of the various environments where the organic molecules were formed, which in turn could give us some insight about the origin of life on Earth. We also study the composition of the exogenous material that reaches us constantly (meteors) using spectroscopic techniques (http://www.spmn.uji.esT). Finally, we are engaged in the Spaceguard Spain project (SGS) with the purpose of gaining insight into the physical characteristics and chemical composition of asteroids from ground-based observations.
III.1.e Space Geodesy
We are engaged in studies involving the application of modern space geodetic techniques such as the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) to geodesy and geophysics. There are two GNSS constellations currently operating, the US Global Positioning System (GPS) and the Russian Global Navigation System (GLONASS), and one constellation scheduled to be operational in 2008, the European Galileo. GNSS signals can be modelled with a precision of a few picoseconds. We have been exploiting this precision for over a decade to address a broad range of contemporary topics in the Earth sciences. Examples of such applications include global and regional scale tectonics, crustal loading due to environmental signals, global reference frame theory and practise, tomography of electron content in the ionosphere, remote sensing of the neutral atmosphere, and the state of the mean sea surface. We also have an important instrumental component with novel systems developed to, for example, improve the accuracy of GPS, assess the limits of combined GPS/seismology analysis, study the feasibility of GPS reflections for altimetric and oceanographic research, and calibrate radiometric measurements of soil moisture and ocean salinity.
Our current research topics include: Geodesy using the Global Positioning System (GPS); GPS data processing for meteorological applications; Applications of GPS to studies of crustal deformation, geodynamics, oceanography, and remote sensing of the atmosphere; Improvement in the accuracy of GPS; Instrumentation development for GPS reflections and altimetry; Radiometry for the Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity Mission (SMOS).
ESA: GALILEO Constellation
Specific research accomplishments during the last year include:
• Characterizing atmospheric turbulence with GPS: Instantaneous measurements of atmospheric fluctuation are important for a variety of atmosphere problems, and might improve weather forecasts. Numerical weather prediction models, used for either short or long-term predictions, can treat the meteorology on scales down to a few kilometers with reasonable accuracy, but have neither the temporal nor spatial resolution required to describe the turbulent interaction that occurs in the boundary layer. The current inability to couple small-scale atmospheric processes in the boundary layer to large-scale numerical weather prediction models can significantly degrade performance of the latter. This inability stems, from lack of reliable measurements of instantaneous refractive-index fields in the planetary boundary layer. As part of this project, we have developed a novel experimental method that uses carrier-phase observations from a single ground-based GPS receiver to characterize atmospheric turbulence [Kleijer, Elosegui, and Davis [2004]. We have shown that estimation of turbulence variance factor using GPS seems to be possible with high precision. With its low-cost user systems, sensing the atmosphere with GPS, using its carrier-beat phase observables, may thus offer possibilities for near-real time monitoring of atmospheric turbulence over dense spatial fields.
• Accurate realization of GPS vertical global reference frame: GPS has demonstrated the ability to measure horizontal motions with sub-mm/yr accuracy. Unfortunately, the accuracy of vertical velocity estimates, particularly global estimates, is significantly poorer, and the effect of some of the GPS error sources on these estimates is not fully understood yet. An improved accuracy of globally-referenced
18 vertical velocity estimates would serve to enhance investigations of a variety of geophysical phenomena of broad scientific interest such as global sea-level and climate change, coastal hazards, surface loading, tectonic deformation, ice mass and geoid variability. The goal of this project is to improve our current understanding of GPS error sources associated with estimates of radial velocities at global scales. Heretofore, our studies have focused on the effect of network geometry and reference frame definition on such estimates, as well as on the impact of GPS satellite antenna patterns on scale changes of global solutions [Cardellach, Elosegui, and Davis, 2004].
• Antenna and Multipath Calibration System: Site-dependent errors such as antenna phase-center variations, multipath and scattering can have a significant effect on high-precision applications of the GPS. Determination of these errors has proven to be elusive, since no method has been developed to measure these effects accurately in situ. We have designed and constructed a prototype Antenna and Multipath Calibration System (AMCS) to obtain such in situ corrections. The primary components of the AMCS are a steerable parabolic antenna, two GPS receivers, and a computer for control and data- logging functions. We obtain phase corrections for site-dependent errors by forming the difference between the carrier-beat phases from the GPS antenna to be calibrated and from the AMCS antenna, which is relatively free of such errors. Preliminary “sky maps'” of the antenna phase and multipath contributions show root-mean-square (RMS) phase variations due to multipath that are a factor of ten or more greater than the AMCS system noise, which is ~0.5 mm [Park, Elosegui, et al., 2004]. We have also observed day-to-day mm-level changes in the calibration, which we hypothesize are due to changes in multipath caused by changes in the local electromagnetic environment associated with, e.g., weather.
• Climate-Driven Deformation of the Solid Earth and Geocenter Variations from GRACE and GPS: The GRACE (Gravity Recover and Climate Experiment) tandem satellite mission, launched in March 2002, is providing a unique opportunity for studying the Earth’s global gravity variations on time scales of months to years. At seasonal timescales, the most significant mass motions are associated with climate- driven transport of water on the surface of the Earth. Indeed, one of the main science goals of GRACE is to investigate this process, which is fundamental to understanding the exchange of water within the system that consists of the oceans, the atmosphere, the cryosphere (glaciers and large ice complexes), and the solid Earth. The redistribution of water on the surface of the Earth will act as a change in load, or weight, on the crust of the Earth, which will respond by deforming elastically on annual timescales. To the extent, therefore, that gravity variations measured by GRACE are associated with the hydrological cycle, we should be able to use GRACE data to infer the elastic deformation associated with this changing load. We have tested this idea by comparing GRACE-inferred deformation of the Amazon Basin to GPS observations obtained in the region [Davis, Elosegui, et al., 2004]. Moreover, this comparison yields a new technique for determining geocenter variations. On seasonal timescales, redistribution of surface water dominates the variation of the geocenter. Understanding the motions of the geocenter is important since these link the underlying motions of a kinematic reference frame to ongoing dynamics of the Earth system.
• GPS data processing in Real-Time for meteorological applications: IEEC is processing GPS data for metoerological applications inside TOUGH project (Targetting Optimal Use of GPS Humidity Measurements in Meteorology). A set of 38 GPS stations from Spain and Europe are processed every hour in Real-Time. The result of the data processing is the water vapor content for every station in the direction of the zenith. These data are used by meteorological centers to improve the weather forecasts.
• Accuracy assessment of GPS slant-path delays: The potential for accurate slant-path determinations from GPS presents us with the possibility of retrieving the vertical distribution of moisture fields in the atmosphere, which could have a significant impact in weather forecasting and climate monitoring. For this reason, several groups have been developing methods for obtaining slant path delays. However, there are potential problems with all these methods because slant delays are determined from estimated parameters and postfit phase residual, generally a statistically non-robust procedure. Our rigorous assessment of current methods for GPS slant-path determinations from double-difference postfit residuals was based in theoretical simulations. These served to demonstrate that these methods have inherent limitations for determining non-homogeneous atmospheres because they spread the inhomogeneous signals over all parameters estimated in the least-squares step and, therefore, over all reconstructed GPS slant-path delays, causing significant systematic errors.
19
• Elastic crustal loading: Surface loading can be a significant source of crustal deformation. Recent investigations have demonstrated the ability of the GPS to measure the Earth’s elastic response to atmospheric pressure loading, seasonal exchange of water and air between the northern and southern hemisphere, and the Earth’s viscoelastic response to ancient glacial loads in Fennoscandia. The crust may also experience significant displacements due to localized loads, such as lakes. Two GPS sites of the Basin and Range Geodetic network (BARGEN) are located in the vicinity of Great Salt Lake, which experiences significant variations in water elevation. We used lake level records for GSL and a model for the elastic properties of the Earth to examine potential loading-induced three-dimensional deformation at these two GPS sites. We have detected sub-mm-level radial displacements due to decadal lake- loading signals. These represent the smallest loading signals detected to date with GPS.
• Antenna and Multipath Calibration System: Two important sources of error for precise geodesy with GPS are phase multipath and scattering and direction-dependent variations in the antenna phase center. These site-dependent problems have the potential to adversely affect geodetic applications that utilize the carrier-beat phase. The problems stem from the basic design of GPS antennas, which are required to accept radiation from multiple directions simultaneously. These errors affect all parameters that are estimated from the GPS phase data, including site position, velocity, and the neutral atmospheric propagation delays. Determination of these errors has proven to be elusive, since no method has been developed to measure these effects accurately in situ. We have designed and constructed a prototype Antenna and Multipath Calibration System (AMCS) that uses a relatively high- gain parabolic antenna to obtain such in situ corrections. We obtain sub-mm-level phase corrections for site-dependent errors by forming the difference between the carrier-beat phases from a GPS antenna to be calibrated and from the AMCS antenna.
• Ocean surface observations using L-band sources: When GALILEO will be fully operative there will be more than 50 GNSS signals illuminating the Earth. The reflection of these signals on the sea surface provides a unique opportunity to study the ocean due to its resolution, precision and homogeneity. A strong effort has been made to elucidate the theory necessary to develop this concept and to perform experiments on board of stratospheric balloons, airplanes, bridges and sea platforms. The results obtained are very encouraging and open the possibility of obtaining information about the average sea level, surface winds, and the characteristics of ocean waves.
• Construction of an Open-Loop Differential Real-Time GPS Receiver: We have designed and constructed a GPS Open-Loop Differential Real-Time Reciever (GOLD.RTR). This Receiver represents a significant improvement over the DOppler DElay RECeiver (DODEREC), a novel open-loop receiver also developed in house. THE GOLD-RTR aimed to measure GPS signals after its reflection in suitable surfaces (sea, ice, etc). The instrument is composed of two physical devices: a rack with the front-end and the correlators, and a laptop wich provides control and monitoring functions of the rack electronics as well as disk storage for the recorded waveforms. In its present version, the GOLD-RTR is able to compute continously ten complex cross correlation functions with 64 lags each, at a samplig rate of 20 MHz over slices of 1 msec of data. The overall throughput is ten thousand complex correlations per second. These correlations resources can be distributed in several configurations -varying the Open Loop signal model parameters-according to the observational requirements. When the instrument is deployed in an aircraft flying over the sea, the obtained waveforms could be further processed to extract altimetric and sea state information.
III.1.f Atmospheric Physics
20 In order to understand the behaviour of the atmosphere it is necessary to combine satellite data or in-situ observations with some models of the atmosphere dynamics. In the IEEC we deal with to types of models. First of all we run MM5 mesoscale model (NCAR/Penn State University) to describe different aspects of the atmospheric conditions of North-western Mediterranean region. This model has to be able to deal with short times (1-6 hours) and length scales (1-20 km.) as well as to incorporate the characteristics of the landscape. The final goal is to manage numerical weather forecasts for small-scale predictions in areas of complicated orography in all kinds of weather conditions, predict the distribution of pollutants, and study the interaction between the atmosphere and forest fires. The second model, which is a more local one, is a Large Eddy Simulation model. With this kind of model we are able to differentiate the different processes that drive the dynamics of the planetary boundary layer (a layer from the surface to 1500 m approximately). This kind of basic studies is fundamental to improve the parameterisations included in large-scale models as MM5.
Sunset (left) and general view of the Valencia Anchor Station of the SCALES project (right)
Our research on Atmospheric Physics during the last year has made substantial contributions in three different domains:
• We have used the mesoscale model to study the development of the horizontal winds in the Vic’s and Bellver de Cerdanya areas. We have performed various numerical experiments to study the advection of pollutants. In the first case the pollutants come from the Barcelona area through the Congost and in the second from the Thermal Power Plant in Cercs. A collaborative effort with the Departament d’Astronomia i Meteorologia, which has a SODAR instrument and surface measurements in the area has been made. This pollutant advection could explain the high ozone rates observed at the end of the afternoon in both areas, when solar radiation is not too high. This research has been done in the frame of the SINFOME project.
• In the framework of the SCALES project we have performed various simulations of the MM5 model in order to obtain the radiation budget in the reference pixel of the Global Energy Radiation Budget (GERB) instrument on board the Meteosat Second Generation. This pixel, situated in the Valencia Anchor Station has 50x50 km2. The mesoscale model, which will be tested against surface and remote sensing observations (radiosondes and LIDAR), will help to calibrate and validate the satellite data.
• When the sun sets, the turbulence produced by the surface warming during the day starts to decay. This decay process seems to depend on the atmospheric conditions during the day. By means of the LES we are studying the atmospheric behaviour during the afternoon depending on the inversion rate and wind characteristics. In collaboration with a research group of the Wagenigen University we have identified two types of decay process, which have been associated to different types of atmospheric observations.
• We have also validated our LES model by comparing with other models mainly from research groups from the USA by means an intercomparison exercise. From this collaboration, a new project for studying whether a mixed layer zero order jump model is able to reproduce LES data and observations.
III.1.g Physics of the Sun-Earth Relation and Space Weather
21 The emission of energetic particles associated with solar flares and interplanetary shocks driven by coronal mass ejections represent one of the most important threats for space platforms, astronauts and many ground activities since they can cause the absorption of extremely high doses of radiation in a short time. These solar activity phenomena are random in nature, although they mostly develop around the maximum of the solar cycle. The acceleration and propagation of these particles (50 keV to 100 MeV) through the interplanetary medium, and all the heliosphere is very bad understood. We study the characteristics of these particle events and we are developing engineering able to make predictions about particle flux and fluences for the inner interplanetary space.
III.1.h Applied Mathematical Methods
Numerical models and mathematical methods are crucial to solve many space research problems. One of the goals of the IEEC is to consolidate a vigorous group able to give solutions to these problems.
• Numerical simulations of natural systems: Large systems in Nature (atmosphere, oceans, stars, galaxies…) cannot be managed as laboratory objects because of their large temporal and spatial scales. The only feasible strategy is to build numerical models as close as possible to them to be treated as laboratory objects. IEEC, in collaboration with the Department of Physics and Nuclear Engineering and the Department of Applied Physics of UPC, has acquired an invaluable expertise in SPH codes (Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics) to simulate phenomena like thermonuclear explosions of stars or collisions of two white dwarf stars.
• Special functions, Riemann zeta functions: There is increasing interest in the field of physical applications of the Riemann zeta function and, in general, on the zeta functions corresponding to (pseudo-) differential operators. Those are basic mathematical techniques in quantum gravity and cosmology, but also in dynamical systems, quantum chaos, neural networks, and recently in the theory of quantum information. In particular, some examples of basic applications of zeta functions in cosmology include the attempts at quantization of curved space-time, the Casimir effect or vacuum energy contribution in very different situations (including its possible contribution to the cosmological constant), the treatment of very strong magnetic fields of cosmological origin, etc. We have been working on all these issues during the last ten years. Recently, we have investigated some specific phenomena, possibly associated with the multiplicative anomaly issue, that is, the fact that the determinant of a product of operators is generically not equal to the product of the determinants of the individual operators. Also the question of the possible contribution of the zero modes, and different mathematical issues in the domain of the so called non-commutative physics. Member of our group are the authors of 3 books on these subjtects. A member of the institute has been appointed this year as a member of the Editorial Board of one of the most prestigious journals in the field: Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and General, from IOP, London.
Several accurate displays of the Riemann zeta function, using its phaseand the iteration z”J. F. Colonna, France Telecom R&D)
• Modified gravity: There is a proposal to explain the current cosmic acceleration of the universe modifying gravity at small curvatures via the introduction of an inverse curvature term. This may serve as gravitational alternative for dark energy. We have formulated an extended version of the theory as scalar-tensor gravity. Such theory may pass the solar system experiments and may provide the unification of early time inflation with cosmic acceleration within a unique gravity theory. In any case, further checks of this theory are required.
22 III.2 PARTICIPATION IN SPACE MISSIONS
• INTEGRAL: The goal of the “International Gamma Ray Observatory” is to study high-energy phenomena in the Universe (formation of neutron stars, supernovae, novae just to mention a few examples). IEEC worked in the optimization of observation strategies for different signals coming from celestial objects. As a result of such studies, the Institute obtained 2 million and 1 million seconds of observation time in INTEGRAL within the program of targets of opportunity to study type Ia supernovae and novae respectively. The use of shields as omnidirectional detectors is also studied. All these works are done in close connection with scientists from the CESR in Toulouse. The UB – IEEC group builded up the Input catalogue for the Optical Monitoring Camera (OMC) onboard INTEGRAL. This catalogue contains reference astrometric stars used to accurately point the satellite, photometric standards to calibrate the OMC thus providing optical information on high-energy sources, all knownhigh-energy sources as well as scientific targets for accurate photometric variability studies. The UB – IEEC has one of the CoI of the instrument and as such the leadership on one of the granted boxes of research (New gamma-ray persistent sources). ESA: INTEGRAL • GAIA: GAIA (Global Astrometric Interferometer for Astrophysics) will provide the first statistically significant census of our Galaxy. The goal of the mission is to provide, positions, space motions and distances for a set of more than one billion stars, for which it will also obtain the relevant physical stellar parameters: temperature, composition and age. From this data the early formation and subsequent dynamical, chemical and star formation evolution of our galaxy can be understood.
Distribution of GAIA observations in ecliptic coordinates
Several lines of activity are maintained on GAIA by the UB-IEEC group:
• The GAIA Data Acces an Analysis Study (GDAAS), developed under contract with ESA (consortia members: GMV.S.A., CESCA, UB-IEEC, Univ. Copenhagen), whose aim is to prove the feasibility of the GAIA data reduction as well as to define the right way to build up a database of a size of petabyte.
• The mission simulator (GASS) providing telemetry to the GDASS system has been created, builded and maintained by our group. In both cases, GDAAS and GASS, our group has the responsability to implement specific software needed for the system and provided by other scientific groups spread over all Europe (a UB-IEEC member is leader of the GAIA Simulation Working Group).
• The design and characterization of the GAIA photometric system, which has to provide astrophysical diagnostics of all the objects observed (a UB-IEEC member is co-leader of the GAIA Photometric Working Group).
• LPF (LISA Pathfinder): As part of our research program on gravitational waves we are participating in the LISA mission. LISA is an ESA-NASA collaboration project to place a low frequency (mHz) GW
23 detector in heliocentric orbit. Due to the complex technological demands of this mission, ESA is going to launch a precursor mission with the purpose of testing the technology needed for LISA. This mission is LISA Path-finder. LPF will put two test masses in a near-perfect gravitational free-fall and control and measure their motion with unprecedented accuracy. This is achieved through state-of-the-art technology comprising the inertial sensors, the laser metrology system, the drag-free control system and an ultra-precise micro-propulsion system.
The LISA Test-flight Package (LTP) is the LPF payload and it is being developed through an international consortium; every country makes its own contribution, and the Industrial Architect (Astrium ASD) coordinates the whole LTP. IEEC is responsible for the Spanish Contribution to the LTP: the Data and Diagnostics Subsystem (DDS).
The DDS includes the Diagnostics equipment and the Data Management Unit (DMU). A drag-free system protects the LTP from external perturbations, which would otherwise destroy the purely geodesic motion of the test masses. But there are other internal perturbations, caused by the instrumentation on board, which the drag-free system cannot eliminate. These perturbations must be reduced in order to achieve the goal sensitivity, and a set of sensors is required to measure the most relevant ones. This set of sensors, together with their front-end-electronics and calibration instruments, represents the Diagnostics Subsystem, and its main function is to carry out a system diagnostic, which is used to analyze the data collected during the experiment and clean up the mission data. The Data Management Unit (DMU), controls and processes the data collected by the diagnostics. It aims at the control of the LTP Interferometer stability and at the acquisition of the metrology science data. For the optical metrology data it provides the interface to the spacecraft On-Board Data Handling System. Essentially the DMU is the (only) LTP computer.
Diagnostics Subsystem The diagnostic instruments, listed below, have the following function: ▪ Thermometers: instruments developed to measure the temperature at different places inside the LTP. With these sensors, disturbing thermal gradients and absolute temperatures in the spacecraft are measured at suitable places. ▪ Magnetometers: instruments that provide LTP internal magnetic readings in order to check the levels of magnetic disturbance within the payload. ▪ Radiation monitor (charged particles counter and spectrometer): charged particle showers and cosmic rays falling upon the satellite are partly deposited in the test masses, hence cause disturbances in the inertial sensor readings. The purpose of the radiation monitor is to identify such causes of disturbance. ▪ Intensity fluctuation sensor for non ionizing solar radiation. ▪ Heaters and coils to raise the temperature and create magnetic fields in order to calibrate the instruments previously mentioned.
Data Management Unit The Data Management Unit (DMU) represents the LTP computer. It manages the data interchange between the LTP and the satellite computer, and it is the interface between different parts of the LTP itself. It also controls the diagnostic subsystem, supplying power and DA/AD converters and the convenient communication protocols for the data transfer to the data bus. Its hardware parts are the Data Processing Unit (DPU), the Power Distribution Unit (PDU) and the Data Acquisition Unit (DAU).
Several university and industrial partners collaborate with IEEC working in a modular way in order to study the different internal perturbations that affect the system, its associated diagnostic subsystem (summarized as Thermal, Magnetic and Radiation Diagnostics), the final implementation according to the mission constraints, and the data management. The groups involved in the DDS project are:
24 − IEEC: Leading academic institution devoted to scientific and technological research. It also assumes the management of the Spanish contribution. Staff at IEEC includes also members from UB, CSIC, UPC and UAB.
− IFAE: Institute for High Energy Physics (Institut de Física d'Altes Energies, IFAE). Scientific team in charge of all activities related with the design, development, and test of the Radiation Monitor Prototype
− UAB: Department of Physics of the Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB). Scientific team in charge of all activities related with the design and development of the Magnetic Diagnostic.
− Electronic Engineering Department of the Technical University of Catalonia (Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, UPC). Scientific team in charge of all activities related with the design, development, and test of the Thermal Diagnostics parts.
− NTE: Main contractor in charge of all industrial activities related with the development and procurement of the DDS engineering and flight models. NTE is also responsible for the design and manufacture of the DMU, including software.
• World Space Observatory (WSO): WSO is a 1.7 m telescope equipped with an ultraviolet camera and a spectrograph that will work in a distributed way all over the planet. The main objectives of the WSO project can be summarized as follows:
1. Provide a high quality instrument for ultraviolet (UV) astrophysics. Currently, there is only one instrument working in the 1200-3500 A range in the planet (the Hubble Space Telescope with the STIS spectrograph) and it is only available in this range during roughly a third of the observing time. 2. Set up a planet-wide facility for the scientific operation of astronomical satellites. This implies, on one hand, the coordination of the already existing facilities as well as dealing with legal regulations and, on the other hand, the development of new software to carry out distributed operations. 3. Fight against the brain drain of highly educated people from countries with strong economical problems, where the percentage of the GNP devoted to scientific research is tiny or inexistent.
The specific objectives of IEEC are:
1. Contribute to the definition of the scientific objectives of the project at its very early phases. In particular, we are interested in the astrophysics of white dwarf stars, both isolated and in binary systems (classical nova and thermonuclear supernova explosions), which are one of the most interesting objects to be observed in the UV range. 2. Provide to the companies and research groups with the chance to participate in the definition of specific work packages: IEEC will develop the mission analysis (orbits up to the libration points).
• MAX: A Gamma-Ray Lens for Nuclear Astrophysics. MAX consists of a crystal diffraction lens mounted on a stabilized spacecraft that focuses gamma-rays into a very small germanium detector flying on a second spacecraft. Until recently, focusing gamma rays was considered an impossible task, but today gamma-ray lenses have become feasible. For the first time in high energy astronomy, the signal to noise ratio will be dramatically improved as gamma rays are collected on the large area of a lens and focused onto a very small detector volume. Besides an unprecedented sensitivity, MAX will feature very high angular and energy resolution. The primary scientific objective of MAX is the study of gamma-ray lines from thermonuclear supernovae, which is one of IEEC’s fields of interest. High-resolution spectroscopy will provide crucial insight on the explosive mechanism itself as well as on the explosion scenario. Another of the main scientific objectives of MAX is the detection of gamma-ray lines from classical novae (also one of IEEC’s fields of expertise). Concerning technological aspects, MAX will allow for the development of a new concept of diffraction crystals, the so-called mosaic crystals, which have larger bandpasses than perfect crystals. IEEC is involved in the physical characterization and testing of the crystals. The available experience from two previous balloon flights of a gamma-ray lens prototype (CLAIRE), with IEEC participation, will be crucial
25 to perform this task. IEEC has been involved as well in the ground calibration of CLAIRE; a “long distance” test has been successfully performed, with a distance between the lens and an X-ray generator (simulating the celestial source) of 200 m.
• CLAIRE: A long distance test of the CLAIRE gamma-ray lens. CLAIRE is an experiment which pursues the validation of the principle of a Laue diffraction gamma-ray lens, for nuclear astrophysics. The CLAIRE’s lens consists of hundreds of Ge-Si crystals, focusing 170 keV gamma-ray photons onto a matrix of HPGe detectors placed at its focus. As a result of a CLAIRE’s flight, with a balloon launched by the French Space Agency (CNES) on June 14th 2001 from its base at Gap, several diffracted photons were gathered from the Crab Nebula. Further tests are required to confirm these results and to confirm the principle of the lens. A first ground long distance test of CLAIRE was set up at an aerodrome near Figueres, on the Catalan coast (picture below).
The lens (see lower right picture) was pointed to an X-ray source (an industrial X-ray generator tube, see lower left picture), placed at a distance of 205m. The Long Distance Test confirms the results of the Balloon flight of CLAIRE, validates the alignment procedures, evaluates the depointing effects, verifies the quality of the lens tuning, and also validates the relationship between distance and diffracted energy.
• METOP: This is the first European polar-orbiting weather satellite system. It will be composed of fifteen platforms and will provide weather data to users for at least fourteen years. The ground segment is currently being developed by EUTMETSAT, while ESA is developing the space segment. The ground segment is structured as a network of applications known as Satellite Application Facilities (SAF) and they will provide, besides the standard meteorological products, data about the evolution of the ozone layer, climate data, atmospheric temperature profiles, etc. One of these facilities, GRAS will use radiocultation techniques to obtain the tomography of the atmosphere using the signal emitted by the navigation satellites (GPS, GLONASS, GALILEO) as a source. SAF is a collaborative project among EUMETSAT, DMI, The MetOffice, and IEEC.
• SMOS: The SMOS mission is part of the ESA Earth Explorer program. It will observe and monitor two crucial variables of the Earth climate system: soil moisture over land and ocean salinity over oceans. The measurement instrument (MIRAS) is based on a passive microwave interferometer developed by the Departament de Teoria del Senyal at UPC. The Institut de Ciències del Mar (ICM) has the scientific responsibility for this mission. The IEEC is currently working on an airborne demonstrator prototype of MIRAS, called Small Airborne MIRAS (SAM). IEEC is responsible for the design and manufacture of the control electronics of SAM, and for some part of the data processing.
• COROT: This is a space mission led by the French agency CNES and with participation from a number of countries and agencies including France, ESA, Austria, Spain, Germany, Belgium and Brazil. The primary scientific goal of the mission is twofold, with focus on stellar seismology and the search for small exosolar planets. The reason for such combination is that both objectives make use of the same observational technique, that is, high-accuracy photometry for very long continuous observing runs. Asteroseismology provides very valuable information on stellar interiors through analysis of small oscillations much in the same way earthquakes are used to probe the structure of the Earth. The other objective of the mission is to use the so-called transit technique for the first detection of planets with sizes comparable to Earth. In this sense, COROT will be the precursor for a number of missions with
26 even more ambitious goals that are expected to fly in the coming years (Eddington, Kepler, and Darwin/TPF). COROT is scheduled for launch into polar orbit in mid-2006 and has a nominal lifetime of three years (with 150-day long runs). The IEEC is participating in several scientific aspects of the mission including the development of techniques to estimate reliable stellar temperatures and luminosities, the detailed characterization of the main targets and the coordination of the team responsible for studies of binary stars. One of the IEEC/CSIC members is a co-investigator of the mission.
III.3 GROUND BASED FACILITIES
Montsec Astronomical Observatory (OAM): During the year 2005, the Astronomical Observatory of the Montsec is expected to begin routine operations. The observatory, located in a moutain range at an altitude of 1570 m, hosts the largest telescope in Catalonia (Northeastern Spain), with a diameter of 80 cm. The telescope and instrumentation have recently begun their commissioning phases after completion of design and construction during 2004. The primary guideline of the project is common to all three development stages: to guarantee the telematic operation of the observatory in carrying out astronomical observations. Most of the routine work will be done either by remote or robotic control. Last year, IEEC worked on the installation of the telescope, manufactured by Optical Mechanics Inc., and other instruments devised to ensure a reliable and efficient system working under automatic control. This work is done within the framework of a collaboration between IEEC, UB, CSIC, and UPC.
International Robotic Antarctic Infrared Telescope (IRAIT): The French-Italian Concordia Station placed at Dome C, on the Antarctic Plateau at 3280 m above the sea level, will have astronomical research as one of its main activities. Preliminary studies have shown that this site could be among the best places on Earth for astronomical observations at near- and mid-infrared wavelengths.
Dome C and the Concordia Station buildings
The IRAIT (International Robotic Antarctic Infrared Telescope) project, based on a 80 cm aperture telescope, will be the first European Infrared telescope at Dome C, and it is scheduled to be in operations on this site during Summer 2006-2007 and possibly for winter-over operations in 2007. The scientific goals of the project are:
⇒ Mid-IR wavelengths: stars. ⇒ Red Galactic objects, interactions between stellar fluxes and the ISM. ⇒ Variability studied with repeated observations (long time-series).
27 ⇒ Very cool objects: brown dwarfs and giant planets. ⇒ Samples of galaxies at low z (< 0.1) accessible to study colours, SF bursts. IR-bright galaxies etc. ⇒ ~30-40 known Blazars reachable. ⇒ ToO: e.g Gamma Ray Bursts, Blazars in flare state. ⇒ Follow-up: ALMA, VLT, AGILE, GLAST, SWIFT, etc.
As part of its research program on infrared astronomy, IEEC is participating in the IRAIT project contributing to some technological development aspects of the telescope, together with scientific/technical Italian Groups of the University of Perugia and the Observatory of Teramo and with the University of Granada (UG). Spanish teams working on IRAIT (IEEC and UG) contribute to the project through the development of the moving optical system for the secondary and tertiary mirrors of the telescope, including the design and construction of both mirrors, the mechanical supports, the electronics and the control software.
Moving optical system elements (design NTE)
During 2004, the design of the optical system has been finished (see figure), in collaboration with the industrial partner NTE, and a set of mirrors has been purchased from an Italian manufacturer (MARCON). In a second phase of the project and in collaboration with the University of Nice, a spectro-photometer for near infrared observations will be developed.
28 IV EDUCATIONAL PROGRAM
IV.1 Master in Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems (2003-2004)
Director: Jordi Isern (IEEC/CSIC)
Academic Director: Xavier Pons (UAB/CREAF)
Scientific Coordinator: Jordi Cristóbal (UAB)
Language: Catalan
Remote sensing is nowadays the most common method employed in weather forecasting as well as in cartography and land evolution studies. On the other hand, the use of geographic data bases with GIS (Geographic Information Systems) provides answers to questions like: what is the altitude of a given point, what is the extension of burnt land during a certain period of time, or which areas can be affected by a particular project, like a new road.
All professionals working in the field of land management should have a sound knowledge of these two disciplines, remote sensing and GIS, given that they are, nowadays, crucial for land studies and the management of its resources. For this reason, IEEC designed a Master in Remote Sensing and GIS that is currently being offered on its sixth edition.
This Master offers subjects of fundamental as well as advanced contents. With a common core and some optional subjects, the students can configure their own curriculum. They can audit all classes, without any schedule overlaps, and there is no cost when subjects are taken not for credit. The whole course provides the students with a solid theoretical background through a very practical and applied methodology using computers in all classes.
All lecturers are experts in the fields they teach and they come from a wide variety of prestigious institutions such as ESA, INTA, CREAF, EEA, CSIC, and universities (UB, UAB, UPC).
The audience of the course is diverse: Biologists, Physicists, Environmental Engineers, Geologists, etc., and exceptionally, undergraduate students in their last year can be also admitted.
The total number of students enrolled has been 16 during the academic year 2003-04.
29 IV.2 Specialized Lectures
Castander, F. J., Gaztañaga, E., Isern, J. Astronomia i Astrofisica (2nd cicle) Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
Castander, F. J., Hernanz, M., Isern, J. assignatura: Astrofisica d'Altes Energies (3rd cicle) Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
Elizalde, Emili Assignatura: Advanced Mathematical Methods PhD Program in Advanced Physics Department ECM and Department FF Universitat de Barcelona
Elizalde, Emili Assignatura: Cosmological Methods PhD Program in Theoretical Physics June 2004 University of Vitoria, Brasil.
Isern, Jordi Assignatura: Nucleosynthesis in SNIa April 2004 CESR (CNRS), Toulouse, France
Odintsov, Sergei Assignatura: Introduction to modified gravity September-October 2004 Inst Theor Physics, University of Sao Paulo
30 IV.3 Doctoral Theses Defended in 2004
1. “Observació de restes de supernova a les bandes X i Gamma: tractament de dades i diagnòstic de models”, Carles Badenes, Advisor: Eduard Bravo
2. “Estudi de l’emissió de raigs X de les noves: models d’explosió i ejecció de matèria”, Glòria Sala, Advisor: Margarida Hernanz.
External Doctoral Theses 1. “Quantum effects in theoretical field models”, S. Odintsov Director of PHD thesis by A.V. Timoshkin defensed on November of 2004 in TSPU, Tomsk, Russia.
IV.4 Doctoral Theses in Progress
1. “Acreción sobre estrellas de neutrones: hidrodinámica y nucleosíntesis”, Fermín Moreno, Advisor: Jordi José.
2. “Research on aperture synthesis radiometry”, Serni Ribó, Advisors: Manuel Martín-Neira, Francesc Torres.
3. “Explosión de Supernovas de tipo Ia: construcción de modelos teóricos para la distinción entre métodos de explosión de SNIa mediante la modelización y estudio de la emisión de rayos gamma de estos objetos. Comparación de resultados teóricos con futuros resultados observacionales en el rango de altas energías”, Alina Hirschmann, Advisors: Jordi Isern, Eduard Bravo
4. “Evolució espectral de nanes blanques”, Sílvia Catalán, Advisors: Jordi Isern, Enrique García-Berro.
5. “Cosmologia i formació d'Estructures”, Marc Manera, Advisor: Enrique Gaztañaga.
6. “Propiedades y evolución de galaxias”, Violeta González, Advisors: Francisco Javier Castander, Enrique Gaztañaga.
7. “Ones gravitatòries primordials", Glòria García, Advisor: Emili Elizalde.
8. “Spectral behaviour of q models and zeta functions”, Miquel Tierz, Advisor: Emili Elizalde
9. “Estudi de la missió preliminar del telescopi d’ones gravitatòries Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA)”, Miquel Nofrarias, Advisor: José Alberto Lobo.
10. “Població de nanes blanques en l’halo galàctic”, Anna Artigas, Advisors: Jordi Isern, Eduard Bravo
11. “Disseny d’un sistema de mesura de temperatura per a les missions espacials LPF i LISA”, Josep Sanjuan, Advisor: José Alberto Lobo
31 V PROJECTS
V.1 Completed Projects in 2004
• Estudio de viabilidad de la participación española en un telescopio infrarrojo en la Antártida Funding Institution: MCyT Code: AYA2002-11237-E Dates: 12/2003-12/2004 Funding amount: 42.000 € PI: C. Abia (Universidad Granada) Co-I: J. Isern
• Píldoras de ciencia Funding Insitution: McyT Code: DIF2003-10350-E Dates: 12/2003-12/2004 Funding amount: 46.000 € PI: J. Isern Co-I: J. José, Ll. Reales (BTV)
• Satellite Application Facility for GRAS Meteorology Funding Institution: EUMETSAT Code: GRAS-SAF Dates: 01/1999-01/2004 Funding amount: 208.863 € PI: A. Rius
• GRAC II, RA-2 Calibration with light GPS Buoys Funding Institution: ESTEC/ESA Code: 15349/01/NL/SF Dates: 07/2001-03/2004 Funding amount: 197.701 € PI: A. Rius Co-I: E. Cardellach, D. Pino, J. Torrobella and J. Sanz
• Programa de Infrastructura de Recerca Funding Institution: DURSI Code: 2001PIRA00244 Dates: 2001-2004 Funding amount: 30.050 € PI: A. Rius
• GAIA Data Acces and Analysis Study Phase II (GDAAS II) Funding Institution: ESA Code: 16439/02/NL/VD Dates: 07/2002-12/2004 Funding amount: 410.000 € total (235.000 € IEEC) PI: P. Pérez (GMV), Co-I: J. Torra (IEEC/UB), J. Cambras (CESCA) Other institutions: GMV, CESCA
• Herramienta analítica y numérica para el control distribuido de satélites en formación. Funding Institution: MCyT Code: Deimos, SL, Augusto Caramagno Dates: 2002-2004 Funding amount: 21.500 € PI: G. Gómez Co-I: J. Masdemont
32 Other institutions: Deimos Space, S.L.
• Desenvolupament i consolidació de xarxes temàtiques dinamitzadores de recerca i desenvolupament de transferència de tecnologia Funding Institution: CIRIT - AGAUR Code: 2003XT-00021 Dates: 07/2003–07/2004 Funding amount: 4.100 € PI: G. Gómez Co-I: J. Masdemont Other institutions: Deimos Space, UdeG, UPC, UB, UAB
• Preparation of DEMO software for solar system Funding Institution: Jet Propulsion Laboratory Code: Purchase Order No. 1254206 Dates: 08/2003-08/2004 Funding amount: 6.000 € PI: G. Gómez Co-I: J. Masdemont
• Scientific exploitation of INTEGRAL and XMM-Newton: diagnosis of thermonuclear burning in compact stars. Funding Institution: MCyT-PNAYA Code: AYA 2001-2360 Dates: 2001-2004 Funding amount: 145.144 € PI: M. Hernanz
• Cosmological applications of vacuum effects in field theories Funding Institution: MCyT Code: CICyT – INFN2004 Dates: 01/2002 – 12/2004 Funding amount: 16.500 € PI: E. Elizalde
• Desarrollo de un sistema aerotransportable de observación del mar basado en el concepto PARIS Code: ren2001-2135/cli Funding Institution: MCyT Dates: 12/2001-12/2004 Funding amount: 85.704 € PI: A. Rius
33 V.2 Current Projects
• La población de enanas blancas en el halo galáctico Funding Institution: MCyT Code: AYA2002-04094-C03-02 Dates: 2002-2005 Funding amount: 60.000 € PI: J. Isern
• Targeting Optimal use of GPS humidity measurements in meteorology Funding Institution: CE Code: EVG1-CT-2002-00080-TOUGH Dates: 02/2003-11/2005 Funding amount: 43.752 € PI: A. Rius Co-I: J. Torrobella, O. Nogués Other institutions: DMI, ACRI, INM, Chalmers Technology University
• Supernovas gravitacionales: Evolución y nucleosíntesis Funding Institution: MCyT Code: AYA2003-06128 Dates: 07/2003–07/2005 Funding amount: 12.000 € PI: G. Martínez-Pinedo
• Cosmología, Gravitación y Funciones Zeta Code: BMF2003-00620/FISI Funding Institution: MCyT Dates: 12/2003-11/2006 Funding amount: 130.740 € PI: E. Elizalde
• Medio interestelar: estudios de alta resolución de discos y jets en objetos jóvenes y nebulosas planetarias Funding Institution: MCyT Funding amount: 120.200 € total (15.000 € IEEC) Dates: 2002-2005 PI: L. Miranda (IAA) Co-I: J.M. Torrelles Other institutions: IAA
• Formación de estructuras a gran escala en el universo Code: AYA2002-00850 Funding Institution: MCyT Dates: 10/2002-09/2005 Funding amount: 58.600 € PI: E. Gaztañaga
• Estudio del subsistema de diagnóstico y procesador en la misión LISA Path-finder Funding Institution: MCyT Dates: 2004 Funding amount: 200.000 € PI: J. Lobo
• Contribución española al LTP a bordo de la misión LISA Path-Finder Funding Institution: MCYT Dates: 13.12.2004 – 12.12.2007 Funding amount: 3.188.000 €
34 PI: J. Lobo
• LODATO Funding Institution: ESA Dates: 01.10.2004 – 31.05.2006 Funding amount: 40.499 € PI: G. Gómez
• Validation of L-band Imaging Radiometry CCN-5 “MIRAS Demonstrator Pilot Project Funding Institution: Eads-Casa Espacio Dates: 01.01.2004 – 31.04.2005 Funding amount: 53.038 € PI: S. Ribó
• Extended development of a EUMETSAT satellite application facility ib GRAS meteorology Funding Institution: EUMETSAT Dates: 01.09.2004 – 31.08.2006 Funding amount: 143.000 € PI: A. Rius
• Contribución de España al desarrollo del proyecto nacional segmento de tierra de la misión SMOS de la ESA durante 2004-2005 Funding Institution: McyT Code: MP-125-rg Dates: 2004-2005 Funding amount: 1.002.000 € total (83.765 € ICE) PI: J. Font (CMIMA) Co-I: A. Rius, S. Ribó Other institutions: CMIMA
• Explotación científica de Integral, XMM Newton y Chandra y viabilidad de futuras misiones de astronomía Gamma: Estudio de la combustión termonuclear en estrellas compactas Funding Institution: McyT Code: AYA2004-06290-C02-01) Dates: 2004-2007 Funding amount: 171.600’00 € PI: M. Hernanz
• Posicionamiento GNSS relativo de plataformas móviles, vuelo en formación espacial y observación de laTierra Funding Institution: McyT Code: ESP2004-00218 Dates: 2004-2007 Funding amount: 168.230’00 € PI: P. Elósegui
35 VI PUBLICATIONS AND OUTREACH
VI.1 SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS
VI.1.a SCI (Science Citation Index) Publications
1. Abazajian, K.; Adelman-McCarthy, J. K.; Agüeros, M. A.;Allam, S. S.; Anderson, K., S. J.; Annis, J.; Bahcall, N. A.; Baldry, I. K.; Bastian, S.; and 143 cowriters (including Castander), The Second Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, Astronomical Journal, 128, 502, 2004.
2. Abdalla, M.C.B., Nojiri, S., Odintsov,S., Consistent modified gravity: dark energy, acceleration and the absence of cosmic doomsday, Classical Quantum Gravity, vol. 22, L35, 2004.
3. Anglada, G., Rodríguez, L., Osorio, M., Torrelles, J. M., Estalella, R., Beltrán, M., Ho, P., A single circumstellar disk in the SVS 13 close binary system, The Astrophysical Journal, 605, 137-140, 2004.
4. Aparicio, J. M., Rius, A., A raytracing inversion procedure for the extraction of the atmospheric refractivity from GNSS travel-time data, Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, 29, 213-224, 2004.
5. Baugh, C. M., Croton, D. J., Gaztañaga, E., Norberg, P. et al., The 2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey: hierarchical galaxy clustering, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 351, L44, 2004.
6. Beltrán, M.T., Girart, J.M., Estalella, R., & Ho, P.T.P., The dense molecular cores in the IRAS 21391+5802 region, Astronomy & Astrophysics, 426, 941, 2004
7. Benvenuto, O. G., García-Berro, E., Isern, J. Asteroseismological bound on dlnG/dt from pulsating white dwarfs, Physical Review D, 69h2002B, 2004.
8. Brevik, I., Nojiri, S., Odintsov, S., Vanzo, L., Entropy and universality of Cardy-Verlinde formula in dark energy universe, Physical Review, vol D70, 043520, 2004.
9. Bytsenko, A.A., Elizalde, E., Ulhoa, R.A., Forms on vector bundles over hyperbolic manifolds and the conformal anomaly, Journal of Physics, A37, 2479, 2004.
10. Cabezón,R.M., García-Senz, D., Bravo, E., High-Temperature Combustion: Approaching Equilibrium Using Nuclear Networks, The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Volume 151, Issue 2, pp. 345- 355, 2004.
11. Chapellier, E., Mathias, P., Garrido, R., Le Contel, J.M., Sareyan, J.P., Ribas, I., Parrao, L., Moya, A., Peña, J., Álvarez, M., HD 173977: an δ Scuti star variable, Astronomy & Astrophysics, 426, 247-252, 2004.
12. Cognola, G., Elizalde, E., Nojiri, S., Odintsov, S. D., Zerbini, S., Multi-graviton theory from a discretized Randall-Sundrum brane-world and induced cosmological constant, Modern Physics Letters A, 19, 1435-1446, 2004.
13. Cognola, G., Elizalde, E., Zerbini, S., One-loop effective potential from higher-dimensional AdS black holes, Physics Letters B, 585, 155, 2004.
14. Córsico, A.H., García-Berro, E., Althaus, L.G., Isern, J., Pulsations of massive ZZ Ceti stars with carbon-oxygen and oxygen-neon cores, Astronomy & Astrophysics 427, 923, 2004.
15. Cognola, G., Elizalde, E., Nojiri, S., Odintsov, S., Zerbini, S., Multi-graviton theory from a discretized RS brane-world and the induced cosmological constant, Modern Physics Letters, A19, 1435, 2004.
16. Croton, D. J., Gaztañaga, E., Baugh, C. M., Norberg, P., Colless, M., Baldry, I. K., Bland-Hawthorn, J., Bridges, T., Cannon, R., Cole, S., Collins, C., Couch, W., Dalton, G., De Propris, R., Driver, S. P., Efstathiou, G., Ellis, R. S., Frenk, C. S., Glazebrook, K., Jackson, C., Lahav, O., Lewis, I., Lumsden, S.,
36 Maddox, S., Madgwick, D., Peacock, J. A., Peterson, B. A., Sutherland, W., Taylor, K., The 2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey: higher-order galaxy correlation functions, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 352, 1232, 2004.
17. Croton, D. J., Colless, M., Gaztañaga, E., Baugh, Carlton M., Norberg, P., Baldry, I. K., Bland- Hawthorn, J., Bridges, T., Cannon, R., Cole, S., Collins, C., Couch, W., Dalton, G., de Propris, R., Driver, S. P., Efstathiou, G., Ellis, R. S., Frenk, C. S., Glazebrook, K., Jackson, C., Lahav, O., Lewis, I., Lumsden, S., Maddox, S., Madgwick, D.,Peacock, J. A., Peterson, B. A., Sutherland, W., & Taylor, K. The 2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey: voids and hierarchical scaling models, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 352, 828, 2004.
18. Cucurull, L., Vandenberghe, F. Barker, D., Vilaclara, E., Rius, A., Three-Dimensional Variational Data Assimilation of Ground-Based GPS ZTD and Meteorological Observations during the 14 December 2001 Storm Event over the Western Mediterranean Sea, American Meteorological Society Review, 749-, 2004.
19. Cvetic, M., Nojiri, S., Odintsov, S., Cosmological anti-deSitter space-times and time-dependent AdS/CFT correspondence, Physical Review D, vol. 69, 023513, 2004.
20. Davis, J. L., Elósegui, P., Mitrovica, J. X., Tamisiea, M.E., Climate-Driven Deformation of the Solid Earth from GRACE and GPS, Geophysical Research Letters, 31, L24605, 2004.
21. Elizalde, E., Nojiri, S., Odintsov, S.D., Late-time cosmology in (phantom) scalar-tensor theory: dark energy and the cosmic speed-up, Physical Review D vol.70, 043539, 2004.
22. Elizalde, E., Ferrer, E.J., de la Incera, V., Neutrino propagation in a strongly magnetized medium, Physical Review D70, 043012, 2004.
23. Elizalde, E., Tierz, M., The Stieltjes-Wigert ensemble, Journal of Mathematical Physics, 45, 1168, 2004.
24. Elizalde, E., Tort, A.C., A note on the Casimir energy of a massive scalar field in positive curvature space, Modern Physics Letters {\bf A19}, 111 (2004).
25. Elizalde, E., Quiroga Hurtado, J., Phantom and quantum matter in an Anti-deSitter universe}, Modern Physics Letters, A19, 29, 2004.
26. Fernández, D., Isern, J., Palau, X., Torra, J., The Montsec Astronomical Observatory: a robotic telescope in Catalonia (Spain), , Astronomische Nachrichten 325, 658, 2004.
27. Finkbeiner, D. P.; Padmanabhan, N.; Schlegel, D. J.; Carr, M. A.; Gunn, J. E.; Rockosi, C. M.; Sekiguchi, M.; Lupton, R. H.; Knapp, G. R.; Ivezic, Z.; and 79 coauthors (including Castander), Sloan Digital Sky Survey Imaging of Low Galactic Latitude Fields: Technical Summary and Data Release, Astronomical Journal, 128, 2577, 2004.
28. Fosalba, P. and Gaztañaga, E. Measurement of the gravitational potential evolution from the cross- correlation between WMAP and the APM Galaxy Survey, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 350, L37, 2004.
29. Fox, C., Iliadis, C., Champagne, A., Coc, A., José, J., Longland, R., Newton, J., Pollanen, J., Runkle, R., Explosive hydrogen burning of $^{17}$O in classical novae, Physical Review Letters, 93, 081102-1- -081102-4, 2004.
30. García-Berro, E., Torres, S.. Isern, J., Burkert, A., Monte Carlo simulations of the halo white dwarf population, Astronomy and Astrophysics 418, 53, 2004.
31. Garland, C. A.; Pisano, D. J.; Williams, J. P.; Guzmán, R.; Castander, F. J., The Nature of Nearby Counterparts to Intermediate-Redshift Luminous Compact Blue Galaxies. I. Optical/H I Properties and Dynamical Masses, Astrophysical Journal, 615, 689, 2004.
37
32. Gilbank, David G.; Bower, Richard G.; Castander, F. J.; Ziegler, B. L., Exploring the selection of galaxy clusters and groups: an optical survey for X-ray dark clusters, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 348, 551, 2004.
33. Gregorio-Monsalvo, I., Gómez, Y., Anglada, G., Cesaroni, R., Miranda, L., Gómez, J., Torrelles, J. M., A survey for water maser emission toward planetary nebulae: new detection in Iras 17347-3139, The Astrophysical Journal, 601, 921-929, 2004.
34. Guerrero, J., García-Berro, E., Isern, J., Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics simulations of merging white dwarfs, Astronomy and Astrophysics, 413, 257-272, 2004.
35. Girart, J.M., Curiel, S., Rodríguez, L.F., M. Honda, Cantó, J., Okamoto, Y.K., & Sako, S., On the Evolutionary State of the Components of the YLW 15 Binary System, The Astronomical Journal, Vol. 127, 2969-2977, 2004
36. Girart, J.M., Greaves, J.S., Crutcher, R.M., Lai, S.-P., BIMA and JCMT Spectropolarimetric Observations of the CO J=2-1 line towards Orion KL/IRc2, Astrophysics and Space Science, Vol. 292, 119-125, 2004.
37. GrieBmeier, J.M., Motschmann, U., Stadelmann, A., Penz, T., Lammer, H., Selsis, F., Ribas, I., Guinan, E.F., Biernat, H., Weiss, W., The effect of tidal locking on the magnetospheric evolution and atmospheric evolution of “hot Jupiters”, Astronomy & Astrophysics, 425, 753-762, 2004.
38. Hagemann, M., van den Berg, A.M., De Frenne, Hannen, D.V., Harakeh, M.M., Heyse, J., de Huu, M., Jacobs, E., Langanke, K., Martínez-Pinedo, G., Wörtche, H.J., High-resolution determination of GT strength distributions relevant to the presupernova evolution using the (d,2He) reaction, Physics Letters B 579, 251--257, 2004.
39. Hernanz, M., José, J., Gamma-rays from classical novae: expectations from present and future missions, New Astronomy Reviews, Volume 48, Issue 1-4, p. 35-39, 2004.
40. Hwang,U., Laming, J.M., Badenes, C. et al., A Million Second Chandra View of Cassiopeia A, The Astrophysical Journal, Volume 615, Issue 2, pp. L117-L120, 2004.
41. Isern, J., Bravo, E., Hirschmann, A., García-Senz, γ-ray emission from type Ia supernovae, New Astronomy Reviews, 48, 31-33, 2004.
42. Jorstad, S. G., Marscher, A. P., Lister, M. L., Stirling, A. M., Cawthorne, T. V., Gómez, J. L., Gear, W. K., Change in Speed and Direction of the Jet near the Core in the Quasar 3C279, Astronomical Journal, 127, 3115-3120, 2004.
43. José, J., Hernanz, M., Amari, S., Lodders, K., Zinner, E., The Imprint of Nova Nucleosynthesis in Presolar Grains, Astrophysical Journal, 612, 414-428, 2004.
44. Langanke, K., Martínez-Pinedo, G., von Neumann-Cosel, P., Richter, A., Supernova Inelastic Neutrino-Nucleus Cross Sections from High-Resolution Electron Scattering Experiments and Shell-Model Calculations, Physics Review Letters 93, 202501, 2004.
45. Lammer, H., Ribas, I., Griessmeier, J.M., Penz, T., Hanslmeier, A., Biernat, H.K., A brief history of the solar radiation and particle flux evolution, Harvard Observatory Bulletin, 28, 139-155, 2004.
46. Milne, P.A., Hungerford, A.D., Fryer, C.L., Evans, T.M, Urbatsch, T.J., Boggs, S.E., Isern, J., Bravo, E., Hirschmann, A., Kumagai, S., Pinto, P.A., L-S Unified one-dimensional simulations of gamma-ray line emission for type Ia supernovae,. The, Astrophysical Journal 613, 1101 2004.
47. Multamäki, T., Manera, M., and Gaztañaga, E., Large scale structure and the generalized Chaplygin gas as dark energy, Physical Review D, 69, 3004, 2004
38 48. Nojiri, S., Odintsov, S.D., The minimal curvature of the universe in modified gravity and conformal anomaly resolution of instabilities, Modern Physics Letters A,19, 627-638, 2004.
49. Nojiri, S., Odintsov, S.D., Quantum effects and stability of chameleon cosmology, Modern Physics Letters A, 19,1273-1280, 2004.
50. Nojiri, S., Odintsov, S .D., Sugamoto, A., Freedom in electroweak symmetry breaking and mass matrix of fermions in dimensional deconstruction model, Physics Letters B, 590, 239-248, 2004.
51. Nojiri, S., Odintsov, S. D., Multisupergravity from latticized extra dimension, Physics Letters B, 590, 295-302, 2004.
52. Nojiri, S., Odintsov, S.D., Gravity assisted dark energy dominance and cosmic acceleration, Physics Letters B, 599, 137-142, 2004.
53. Nojiri, S., Odintsov, S. D., Quantum escape of sudden future singularity, Physics Letters B, 595, 1-8, 2004.
54. Nojiri, S., Odintsov, S.D., The one-loop vacuum energy and RG flow induced by double trace operators in AdS/CFT and dS/CFT correspondence, Physical Review, vol. D69, 023511, 2004.
55. Nojiri, S., Odintsov, S.D., The final state and thermodynamics of dark energy universe, Physical Review D, vol. 70, 103522, 2004.
56. Oguri, M.; Inada, N.; Keeton, Ch. R.; Pindor, B.; Hennawi, J. F.; Gregg, M. D.; Becker, R. H.; Chiu, K.; Zheng, W.; Ichikawa, S.; and 18 cowriters (including Castander), Observations and Theoretical Implications of the Large-Separation Lensed Quasar SDSS J1004+4112, Astrophysical Journal, 605, 78, 2004.
57. Oguri, M.; Inada, N.; Castander, F. J.; Gregg, M. D.; Becker, R. H.; Ichikawa, S. Pindor, B.; Brinkmann, J.; Eisenstein, D. J.; Frieman, J. A.; and 6 cowriters, SDSS J1335+0118: A New Two- Image Gravitational Lens, PASJ, 56, 399, 2004.
58. Ortega, S., Soler, R., Beneito, J., Pino, D., Evaluation of two ozone air quality modelling systems, Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 4, 1389-1398, 2004.
59. Park, K. D., Elósegui, P., Davis, J. L., Jarlemark, P. O., Corey, B., Niell, A. E., Normandeau, J. E., Meertens, C. E., and Andreatta, V. A., Development of an antenna and multipath calibration system for Global Positioning System sites, Radio Science, 39, RS5002, 2004.
60. Rakowski, C.E., Badenes, C., Hughes, J.P., Slane, P., Gaensler,B., G337.2-0.7: an Asymmetric Type Ia Supernova Remnant?, American Astronomical Society, HEAD meeting #8, #24.25, 2004.
61. Raman, S., Ouyang, X., Islam, M.A., Starner, J.W., Jurney, E.T., Lynn, J., Martínez-Pinedo, G., Thermal-neutron capture by 58Ni, 59Ni, and 60Ni, Phys. Rev. C 70, 044318, 2004.
62. Ribas, I., Extragalactic eclipsing binaries: astrophysical laboratories, New Astronomy Reviews, 48, 731-739, 2004.
63. Ribas, I., Jordi, C., Vilardell, F., Giménez, A., Guinan, E.F., A program to determine a direct and accurate distance to M31 from eclipsing binaries, New Astronomy Reviews, 48, 755-758, 2004.
64. Rosa-González, D., Terlevich, R., Terlevich, E., Friaça, A., and Gaztañaga, E., On the detectability of the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect of massive young galaxies, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 348, 669, 2004.
65. Rowland, C., Iliadis, C., Champagne, A.E., Fox, C., José, J.,Runkle, R., Does a NeNa-cycle exist in explosive hydrogen burning?, Astrophysical Journal Letters, 615, L37-L40, 2004.
39 66. Soler, M. R., Hinojosa, J., Bravo, M., Pino, D., Vilà-Guerau de Arellano, J.: Analizing the basic features of different complex terrain flows by means a Doppler Sodar and a numerical model: Some implications to air pollution problems. Meteorol. Atmos. Phys. Vol. 85, 141-154. 2004.
67. Tegmark, M.; Blanton, M. R.; Strauss, M. A.; Hoyle, F.; Schlegel, D.; Scoccimarro, R.; Vogeley, M. S.; Weinberg, D. H.; Zehavi, I.; Berlind, A.; and 55 cowriters (including Castander), The Three- Dimensional Power Spectrum of Galaxies from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, Astrophysical Journal, 606, 702, 2004.
68. Tegmark, M.; Strauss, M. A.; Blanton, M. R.; Abazajian, K.; Dodelson, S.; Sandvik, H.; Wang, X.; Weinberg, D. H.; Zehavi, I.; Bahcall, N. A.; and 57 cowriters (including Castander), Cosmological parameters from SDSS and WMAP, Physical Review D, 69, 3501, 2004.
69. Torrelles, J.M., Patel, N., Gómez, J.F., Anglada, G., Uscanga, L., VLBI water maser proper motion measurements in star-forming regions, Astrophysics and Space Science, 295, 53-63, 2004.
70. Trinidad, M.A., Curiel, S., Torrelles, J.M., Rodríguez, L.F., Cantó, J., Gómez, J.F., Patel, N., Ho, P.T.P. Multiple Outflows in the LkH Alpha 234 Region, Astrophysical Journal, 613, 416-423, 2004.
71. Treister, E.; Castander, F. J.; Maccarone, T. J.; Herrera, D.; Gawiser, E.; Maza, J.; Coppi, P. S., An X- Ray-selected Active Galactic Nucleus at z=4.6 Discovered by the CYDER Survey, Astrophysical Journal, 603, 36, 2004.
72. von Ballmon, P., Halloin, H., Evrard, J., Skinner, G., Abrosimov, N., Álvarez, J., Bastie, P., Hamellin, B., Hernanz, M., et al., CLAIRE’s first flight, New Astronomy Reviews, Volume 48, Issue 1-4, p. 243- 249, 2004.
VI.1.b Non SCI Publications
1. Calder, A., Alexakis, A., Heger, A., Brown, E., Dursi, L.J., Lamb, D.Q., Rosner, R., Truran, J.W., Zingale, M., and José, J., Breaking Gravity Waves: A Mechanism for Nova Enrichment $12^{th}$, Sympoium on Nuclear Astrophysics, E. Müller, H.T. Janka (eds.), Max-Planck Institut für Astrophysik:Garching-bei-München, 69-73, 2004.
2. Cardellach, E., Elósegui, P., Davis, J. L., Towards improving the accuracy of GPS-based global vertical velocity estimates, Eos Trans. AGU, 85(47), Fall Meet. Suppl., Abstract G21BA-06, San Francisco, CA, 2004.
3. Colomé, J., Fernández, D., Isern, J., Palau, X., Torra, J., Castander, F.J., Figueras, F., García- Berro, E., Jordi, C., Luri, X., Ribas, I., Robotic design of the Montsec Astronomical Observatory, Astronomical Notes, 325, 658, 2004.
4. Curiel, S., Girart, J.M., Rodríguez, L.F., Cantó, J., VLA Observations of Orbital Motions in YLW 15, Revista Mexicana de Astronomía y Astrofísica S.C., Vol. 21, 137, 2004.
5. Elizalde, E., Cosmology: Techniques and Observations, Second International Conference on Fundamental Interactions, Pedra Azul, Brazil 2004.
6. Elósegui, P., J. L. Davis, J. X. Mitrovica, M. E. Tamisiea Talk; Estimating Geocenter Variations by Combining GRACE and GPS Data Sets, Eos Transactions AGU, 85(47), Fall Meet. Suppl., Abstract G34A-03, San Francisco, CA, 2004.
7. Fedorovich, E., Conzemius, R., Esau, I. Chow, F. K., Lewellen, D. Moeng, C. -H., Sullivan, P., Pino, D., Vilà-Guerau de Arellano, J.: Entrainment into Sheared Convective Boundary Layer as Predicted by Different Large Eddy Simulation Codes. Proceedings of 16th Conference on Boundary Layers and Turbulence. American Meteorological Society, 2004.
40 8. García-Berro, E., Isern, J., Lorén-Aguilar, P., Kubyshin, Y. A., Time variation of fundamental constants: experiment and theory, High Energy Physics and Quantum Field Theory (XVII International Workshop QFTHEP’2003, Ed. M. Dubinin, V. Savrin, Moscow State University, 325-342, 2004.
9. Gil-Pons, P., and García--Berro, E., On scenarios leading to symbiotic novae}{Symbiotic stars probing stellar evolution, ASP Conference Series Proceedings vol. 303, 313-316, 2004
10. Guinan, E.F., DeWarf, L.E., Ribas, I., Lammer, H., The Young and Restless Sun: Effects of the Young Sun's Strong Magnetic Activity on Paleo-Planetary Atmospheres, 204th Meeting de la American Astronomical Society; Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society, 36, 2004.
11. Hirschmann, A., Bravo, E., Isern, J., ·3-D simulations of Type Ia supernovae, “The INTEGRAL Universe” Proceedings of the 5th INTEGRAL Workshop, ESA (SP-552), 115, Noordwijk, The Netherlands, 2004.
12. Isern, J., García-Berro, E., Córsico, A. H., Benvenuto, O. G., Althaus, L. G., Testing the internal physics of white dwarfs from their pulsational properties, , Communications in Asteroseismology 145, 13, 2004.
13. Isern, J., García-Berro, E., White dwarfs and the age of the Universe, Lecture Notes and Essays in Astrophysics, Ed. M. Manteiga and A. Ulla, Real Sociedad de Española de Física, p. 23, 2004.
14. Isern, J., García-Berro, E., Córsico, A. H., Benvenuto, O. G., Althaus, L. G, Variable white dwarfs as tools for fundamental physics: the case of axions, Froniers of the Universe (XIIId Rencontres de Blois), Ed L. Celnikier, J. Trần Thanh Vân, Thế Giối Publishers Vietnam, p. 195, 2004.
15. José, J., Hernanz, M., Classical Nova Explosions: Nuclear Physics Laboratories in the Universe, Revista Mexicana de Física, 50, Suppl. 2, 47-53, 2004.
16. Langanke, K., Martínez-Pinedo, G., Supernova neutrino-nucleus reactions, Nuclear Physics A 731, 365c--378c, 2004.
17. Langanke, K., Sampaio, J.M., Martínez-Pinedo, G., The importance of electron captures in core- collapse supernovae, Act. Phys. Pol. B 35, 1191-1202, 2004.
18. Langanke, K., Juodagalvis, A., Martínez-Pinedo, G., Sampaio, J., Neutrino-nucleus reactions in supernovae, Proceedings of the 12th Ringberg Workshop on “Nuclear Astrophysics”, edited by E. Müller and H.-Th. Janka, pp. 138--142, 2004.
19. Kleijer F., Elósegui, P., and Davis, J. L., Characterizing Atmosphere Turbulence with GPS, in Proceedings of American Meteorological Society: 16th Symposium on Boundary Layers and Turbulence, August 13--19, 2004, Portland, ME, 2004.
20. Kleijer, F., Elósegui, P., Davis, J.L., An Atmospheric Turbulence-Based GPS Stochastic Model", Eos Trans. AGU, 85(47), Fall Meet. Suppl., Abstract G51D-07, San Francisco, CA, 2004.
21. Martínez-Pinedo, G., Nuclear Structure Input for Supernova Modeling, Nuclear Physics A 746, 323c-- 329c, 2004.
22. Martínez-Pinedo, G., The role of electron captures in core-collapse supernovae, Proceedings of the 12th Ringberg Workshop on “Nuclear Astrophysics”, edited by E. Müller and H.-Th. Janka, pp. 134-- 137, 2004.
23. Nilsson, T., Aysto, J., Langanke, K., Riisager, K., Martínez-Pinedo, G., Kolbe, Muonic, E., Eadioactive atoms - a unique probe for nuclear structure, Nuclear Physics A 746, 513c--517c, 2004.
24. Nojiri, S., Odintsov, S. D., Modified gravity with lnR terms and cosmic acceleration, General Relativity and Gravitation 36 1765-1780, 2004.
41 25. Nojiri, S., Odintsov, S. D., Dark Energy and Cosmic Speed-Up from Consistent Modif¡ed Gravity, Proceedings of Science, IV Winter Conference on Mathematics Methods in Physics, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, 2004.
26. Odintsov, S.D., Editor of Quantum Gravity and Cosmology issue of TSPU Vestnik, 120 pages, December 2004.
27. Pino, D., Jonker, H. J. J., Vilà-Guerau de Arellano, J., Dosio, A.: Role of the Shear and Inversion Strength during Sunset Turbulence over Land: Characteristic Length Scales. Proceedings of 16th Conference on Boundary Layer and Turbulence. American Meteorological Society, 2004.
28. Pino, D., Vilà-Guerau de Arellano, J., Comerón, A., Rocadenbosch, F.: The Boundary Layer Growth in an Urban Area. Science of the Total Environment. Vol. 334-335, 207-213. 2004.
29. Ribas, I., Distances and fundamental properties of eclipsing binaries in the LMC and M31, Proceedings of the Workshop “Spectroscopically and Spatially Resolving the Components of Close Binary Stars”, Eds. R. Hilditch, H. Hensberge, K. Pavlovski, ASP CS-318, 261-269, 2004.
30. Ruiz, X., Ermakov, M., Inertial flight mode and semiconductor segregation patterns, Cosmic Research 42, 136, 2004.
31. Ruiz, X., Ermakov, M., Semiconductor Bridgman growth inside inertial flight mode orbiting systems of low orbital eccentricity and long orbital period, Journal of Crystal Growth 273, 2004.
32. Thielemann, F.K., Brachwitz, F., Höflich, F., Martínez-Pinedo, G., Nomoto, A., The physics of type Ia supernovae, New Astron. Rev. 48, 605, 2004.
33. Vilardell, F., Ribas, I., Jordi, C., Guinan, E.F., Giménez, A., The distance to M31 from Cepheid variables and eclipsing binaries: the Catalog, JENAM 2004 "The Many Scales of the Universe", Ed. J.C. del Toro Iniesta, 2004
42 VI.2 SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
1. Hirschmann, A., Bravo, E., Iserrn, J., Report of the Gamma Ray Emission Modelb30 3d 768 (Travaglio- Hillebrandt), TR/2004/01, January 2004.
2. Torrobella, J., Targeting Optimal use of GPS humidity measurements in meteorology, TR/2004/05, February, 2004.
3. Lobo, A., Digital data processing and Linear Filters, TR/2004/02, April 2004.
4. Meeuws, T., Pino, D., Considering MM5 simulations in order to validate GERB radiation products, TR/2004/03, June 2004.
5. Torrobella, J., Targeting Optimal use of GPS humidity measurements in meteorology, TR/2004/06, June 2004.
6. Ribó, S., Detailed Design, MDPP-3 Electric Ground Support Equipmemt (EGSE), IEEC2004/MDPP3- EGSE/DD.version0.3, June 2004.
7. Torrobella, Estudio estaciones GPS de Puertos del Estado, TR/2004/07, September 2004.
8. Colomé, J., Borrás, C., Isern, J., IRAIT: descripció del projecte i de la participació de l’IEEC, TR/2004/04, October 2004.
9. Sanjuan, J., Temperature Sensors Specifications, S2/IEEC/RS/3001, October 2004.
10. Sanjuan, J., Temperature Sensors: Market Survey and Trade-off, S2/IEEC/TN/3001, October 2004.
11. Nofrarias, M., Thermal Noise Induced by Wiring in the Thermal Tests, S2/IEEC/TN/3003, October 2004.
12. Lobo, J. A., Temperature Sensors and FEE Prototype Test Plan and Procedure, S2/IEEC/TP/3001, December 2004.
13. Portell, J., García-Berro, E., Luri, X., Timing and transmission schemes for GAIA, GAIA-BCN-006, 2004.
14. Portell, J., García-Berro, E., Luri, X., Telemetry Data formats in simulations, GAIA-BCN-007, 2004.
15. Martí n, E., J. Portell, García-Berro, E., Luri, X., Lammers, U., Improved channel coding for longer contact times with GAIA, GAIA-BCN-008, 2004.
16. Castañeda, J., García-Berro, E., Portell, J., Luri, X., Clocks in Gaia: Design and implementation of a clock simulator, GAIA-BCN-009, 2004.
17. Portell, J., Luri, X., García-Berro, E., Definition of a Telemetry CODEC, GAIA-BCN-011, 2004.
43 VI.4 CONTRIBUTIONS TO SCIENTIFIC MEETINGS AND SEMINARS GIVEN AT UNIVERSITIES
1. José, J., Hernanz,M. Classical Nova Explosions: Nuclear Astrophysics Laboratories in the Universe XXVII Symposium on Nuclear Physics, Taxco, Mexic, Dates: 5-8 January 2004 Invited talk
2. Gaztañaga, E. Title: Clustering in sub-MM surveys Congress: II reunión científica del GTC Dates: 2 February 2004 Contributed talk
3. Odintsov, S. Title: Modified consistent gravity University of Torino, (Italy) Dates: 12-15 February 2004 Invited talk
4. Torrelles, J. M. Title: VLBI H2O Mases Proper motion measurements ub YSOs Congress: Dense Mollecular Gas around Protostars and in Galactic Nuclei, Zwolle (The Netherlands) Dates: 15 February-1 March 2004 Invited review
5. Hernanz, M. and José, J. Title: Updated prospects for detectability of classical novae with INTEGRAL Congress: Nuclosynthesis and Gamma-Ray Line Spectroscopy, Munich (Germany) Dates: 16 – 20 February 2004 Invited talk
6. Isern, J., Bravo, E. and Hirschmann, A. Title: Type Ia supernovae and gamma ray emission Congress: Nuclosynthesis and Gamma-Ray Line Spectroscopy, Munich (Germany) Dates: 16 – 20 February 2004 Poster
7. Jean, P., Knödlseder, J., Hernanz, M., Strong, A., von Kienlin, A., Winkler, Ch. Title: Search for a galactic 1275 keV line emission with SPI/INTEGRAL Congress: Nuclosynthesis and Gamma-Ray Line Spectroscopy, Munich (Germany) Dates: 16 – 20 February 2004 Contributed talk
8. Álvarez, J. M., Hernanz, M. Title: Long Distance Test of the CLAIRE Gamma-ray Lens Congress: Nuclosynthesis and Gamma-Ray Line Spectroscopy, Munich (Germany) Dates: 16 – 20 February 2004 Poster
9. Hernanz, M. et al. Title: Gamma-Ray Astronomy with a Crystal Diffraction Telescope: The MAX mission Congress: Nuclosynthesis and Gamma-Ray Line Spectroscopy, Munich (Germany) Dates: 16 – 20 February 2004 Poster
44 10. Isern, J. Title: Nacimiento, vida y muerte de las estrellas Congress: Universidad de Cartagena, (Spain) Dates: 23-24 February 2004 Contributed talk
11. Ribó, S., Martín-Neria, M., Torres, F. Title: Faraday rotation correction using the polarimetric brightness temperature matrix Congress: Microrad’04, Rome (Italy) Dates: February 2004 Contributed talk
12. Torres, F., Duffo, N., Corbella, I., Camps, A., Vall-llosera, M., Ribó, S. Title: MIRAS-SMOS, the relative instrumental error correction approach Congress: Microrad’04, Rome (Italy) Dates: February 2004 Poster
13. Martín-Neria, M., Ribó, S., Rautiainen, K. Title: 0-1 Correction of Comparator Threhold in 1-bit Interferometric Radiometers Congress: Microrad’04, Rome (Italy) Dates: February 2004 Contributed talk
14. Ribas, I. Title: Caracterización de entornos exoplanetarios Congress: Redplanetas, Madrid, (Spain) Dates: 2 March 2004 Contributed talk
15. Elizalde, E Title: Boundary conditions and quantum fields Università di Trento, Italy Dates: 5 March 2004.
16. Martínez-Pinedo, G. Title: Congress: Workshop on “Theoretical Issues in Nuclear Astrophysics”, Orsay, (France) Dates: 16-17 March 2004 Invited talk
17. Martinez-Pinedo, G. Title. Congress: Twelfth Ringberg Workshop on ``Nuclear Astrophysics'', Tegernsee, Germany Dates: 22-27 March 2004 Contributed talk
18. Calder, A., Alexakis, A., Heger, A.., Brown, E., Dursi, L., Lamb, D., Rosner, R., Truran, J., Zingale, M., José, J. Title: Breaking gravity waves. A mechanism for nova enrichment Congress: 12th workshop on Nuclear Astrophysics, Ringberg Castle, Lake Tegernsee, (Germany) Dates: 22-27 March 2004 Contributed talk
19. José, J., Hernanz, M. Title: Nucleosynthesis in classical novae Congress: 12th workshop on Nuclear Astrophysics, Ringberg Castle, Lake Tegernsee, (Germany) Dates: 22-27 March 2004
45 Contributed talk
20. Odintsov, S. Title: Consistent Modified Gravity 2 University Oslo and University of Trondheim, (Norway) Dates: 14-21 April 2004 Invited talk
21. Elósegui, P.; Kleijer, F.; Davis, J.L. Title: Expected improvements in atmospheric turbulence determinations by combining the GPS and Galileo satellite constellations Congress: First Genral Assembly of the European Geophysical Union, Nice, (France) Dates: April 2004 Contributed talk
22. Torrelles, J. M. Title: Evidencia de evolución en la colineación de flujos en Yios Instituto de Astronomia, (México) Dates: 23 April-1 May 2004 Invited review
23. Elósegui, P. Title: Galileo: Status and Future Congress: First General Assembly of the European Geophysical Union (EGU), Nice, (France) Dates: 26-27 April 2004 Organized and chaired the session
24. Odintsov, S. Title: Grab. Assisted dark energy University of Trento, (Italy) Dates: 3-15 May 2004 Invited talk
25. Odintsov, S. Title: Dark energy/phantom University of Trento, (Italy) Dates: 3-15 May 2004 Invited talk
26. Gaztañaga, E. Title: Simulating multi-etro sky Congress: London, (UK) Dates: 11-24 May 2004 Contributed talk
27. Gómez, J. L. Title: The Innermost AGNs with Future mm-VLBI Congress: Exploring the Cosmic Frontier: Astrophysical Instruments for the 21st Century, Berlín (Germany) Dates: 18-21 May 2004 Poster
28. Colomé, J., Fernández, D., Isern, J., Palau, X., Torra, J., Castander, F.J., Figueras, F., García- Berro, E., Jordi, C., Luri, X., Ribas, I. Title: Robotización del Observatori Astronòmic del Montsec Congress: 1ª reunión nacional de astrofísica, INTA, Mazagón, Huelva (Spain) Dates: 24 May 2004 Contributed talk
46 29. Colomé, J., Ábia, C., Domínguez, I., Isern, J. Title: IRAIT, Observatorio Robótico en la Antártida Congress: 1ª reunión nacional de astrofísica, INTA, Mazagón, Huelva (Spain) Dates: 24 May 2004 Contributed talk
30. Ribas, I. Title: Effective temperatures for COROT Congress: COROT Week 7, Granada (Spain) Dates: 24 May 2004 Invited talk
31. Ribas, I. Title: Caracterización de entornos exoplanetarios Congress: 1º reunión Red Planetas, Madrid (Spain) Dates: 24 May 2004 Contributed talk
32. Ribas, I Title: Determination of effective temperatures of COROT targets from IR photometry Congress: COROT Week, Orsay (France) Dates: 24 May 2004 Contributed talk
33. Masana, E., Jordi, C., Ribas, I. Title: Effective temperatures and bolometric corrections from 2MASS IR photometry Congress: COROT Week 7, Granada (España) Dates: 24 May 2004 Poster
34. Ribas, I., Guinan, E.F., Selsis, F., Lammer, H. Title: High-energy irradiance evolution of low-mass stars Congress: COROT WEEK 7, Granada (España) Dates: 2004 Poster
35. José, J., Hernanz, M. Title: Novae as cataclysmic stellar events Congress: Trento workshop on advances and challenges in nuclear astrophysics, ECT, Trento, (Italy) Dates: 24-28 May 2004 Contributed talk
36. Martínez-Pinedo, G. Tilte: Congress: ECT Workshop on “Advances and Challenges in Nuclear Astrophysics”, Trento (Italy) Dates: 24-28 May 2004
37. Gaztañaga, E. Title: Measuring the gravitational Potential Congress: NORDITA, Copenhagen, (Denmark) Dates: 27 May-04 June 2004 Contributed talk
38. Elizalde, E. Title: On Zeta functions and Boundary conditions Congress: MIT, Boston, USA Dates: 29 May-06 June 2004 Contributed talk
47
39. Martínez-Pinedo, G. Title: Congress: Jina workshop on “Charge-exchange reactions”, East Lansing, Michigan, (USA) Dates: 31 may- 4 June 2004. Invited talk
40. Soler, M. R., Ortega, S., Soriano, C., Pino, D., Alarcón, M., Aymami, J. Title: Study of pollutant tranport in complex terrain using different meteorological and photochemical modelling systems. Congress: 9th International Conference on Harmonization within Atmospheric Dispersion Modelling for Regulatory Purposes. Garmisch-Partenkirchen (Germany). Dates: 01-04 June 2004 Contributed talk
41. Elizalde, E. Title: On zeta fucntions and boundary conditions University: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, U.S.A. Dates: 3 June 2004
42. Elizalde, E. Title: Zeta Functions in Field Theory and Cosmology Congress: 2nd International Congress on Fundamental Interaction, Universidad of Vitoria, (Brasil) Dates: 06-18 June 2004 Invited talk
43. Gómez, J. L. Title: The "big" microquasar 3C120: the jet and its connection with the accretion disk and SMBH Congress: The Fifth Microquasar Workshop: Microquasars and Related Astrophysics, Beijng, (Chine) Dates: 07-13 June 2004 Contributed talk
44. Elizalde, E. Title: Zeta functions in field theory and cosmology University of Vitoria, Brasil Dates: 9 June 2004
45. Elizalde, E. Title: Cosmological uses of the vacuum energy Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brasil Dates: 16 June 2004
46. Elizalde, E. Title: On the vacuum energy and the Casimir effect CBPF, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil Dates: 17 June 2004
47. Gómez, J. L. Title: The jet in the radio galaxy 3C120 and its connection with the accretion disk and SMBH Congress: Growing Black Holes: Accretion in a Cosmological Context, Garching, Munich, (Germany) Dates: 21-25 June 2004 Poster
48. Cabré, A. Title: Congress: 20th IAP Colloquium on physics and observation Dates: 26.-June to 04 July 2004 Poster
48 49. José, J. et al. Title: The 21Na(p,gamma)22Mg Reaction in Novae and X-Ray Bursts Congress: International Nuclear Physics Conference, Goteborg, Sweden, Dates: 28 june 2 july 2004 Invited talk
50. José, J. Title: Explosive H/He burning: nucleosynthesis in classical novae and X-ray bursts Congress: International Nuclear Physics Conference, Goteborg, Sweden, Dates: 28 june 2 july 2004 Contributed talk
51. Julià, A., Torrobella, J. Title: Light GPS buoys for the ENVISAT satellite altimeter calibration in the NW Mediterranean Congress: International Commission For The Scientific Exploration Of The Mediterranean Sea Dates: June 2004 Poster
52. Nofrarias, M. Title: Spain contribution to LISA Congress: 38th ESLAB Symposium, ESTEC/ESA, Noordwijk, (The Netherlands) Dates: 09-18 July 2004 Contributed talk
53. Sala, G. Title: Turn-off of classical novae observed through x-rays Congress: Astrophysics of cataclysmic variables and related objects, Strasbourg, (France) Dates: 11-16 July 2004 Poster
54. Lorén, Pau Title: Congress: 5th International LISA Symposium Dates: 11-15 July 2004 Poster
55. Torrelles, J.M. Title: Evidence for the Evolution of the Outflow collimative invers young stellar object Congress: Massive Star Formation: Near and Far, University College of London, (UK) Dates: 11-18 July 2004 Invited talk
56. Girart, J.M., Viti, S., Estalella, R., Williams, D.A. Title: The illuminated molecular gas ahead of HH 2 Congress: Cores, Disks, Jets and Outflows (Banff, Canada) Dates: 12-16 July 2004 Póster
57. Martínez-Pinedo, G. Title: Congress: INT workshop on “Supernova Theory And Nucleosynthesis”, Seattle, Washington, (USA) Dates: 15-17 July 2004. Contributed talk
58. Martínez-Pinedo, G. Title: Congress: Eighth International Symposium on “Nuclei in the Cosmos”, Vancouver, (Canada) Dates: 19-23 July 2004 Contributed talk
49
59. José, J. Title: Perspectives in classical nova modeling and nucleosyntesis Congress: Eighth International Symposium on “Nuclei in the Cosmos”, Vancouver, (Canada) Dates: 19-23 July 2004 Invited talk
60. Hernanz, M., José, J. Title: Gamma-rays from classical nova explosions: theory vs. observations Congress: Eighth International Symposium on “Nuclei in the Cosmos”, Vancouver, (Canada) Dates: 19-23 July 2004 Contributed talk
61. Jenkins, D., José, J. et al. Title: Reevaluation of the 22Na(p,g) reaction rate: implications for the detection of 22Na gamma rays from novae Congress: Eighth International Symposium on “Nuclei in the Cosmos”, Vancouver, (Canada) Dates: 19-23 July 2004 Poster
62. Elósegui, P. Title: Long-term Geodetic Monitoring of the Earth System Congress: The Nordic Commission of Geodesy (NKG), Svaneke, (Denmark) Dates: 6-20 August 2004: Summer School Lecturer
63. Pino, D., Jonker, H. J. J., Vilà-Guerau de Arellano, J., Dosio, A. Title: Role of the Shear and Inversion Strength during Sunset Turbulence over Land: Characterisitc Length Scales. Congress: 16th Conference on Boundary Layer and Turbulence. American Meteorological Society, Portland, Maine, (USA) Dates: 8-13 August 2004 Contributed talk
64. Fedorovich, E., Conzemius, R., Esau, I., Chow, F. K., Lewellen, D., Moeng, C. H., Sullivan, P., Pino, D. Vilà-Guerau de Arellano, J. Title: Entrainment into Sheared Convective Boundary Layer as Predicted by Different Large Eddy Simulation Codes. Congress: 16th Conference on Boundary Layer and Turbulence. American Meteorological Society. Portland, Maine, (USA). Dates: 8-13 August 2004 Poster
60. Odintsov, S. Congress: International Winter Conference Mathematical Methods in Physics, Rio de Janeiro Dates: 9-12 August , 2004 Member of Scientific Comm. and Speaker
61. Kleijer, F. , Elósegui, P., Davis, J.L. Title: Characterizing atmospheric turbulence with the GPS Congress: 16th Symposium on Boundary Layers and Turbulence, Portland, ME , (USA) Dates: 10 August 2004 Invited talk
62. Elizalde, E. Title: The noncommutative residue and anomalies University of California, USA Dates: 24 August 2004
50 62. Ruiz, X., Ermakov, M. Title: G-pulses and semiconductor segregation in microg Bridgman growth Congres: Fourteen International Conference on Crystal Growth, Grenoble, (France) Dates: September 2004.
63. Carrera, J., Ruiz, X., Ramírez-Piscina, L., Casademunt, J, Dreyer, M. Title: Micro-channel injector for bubble generation in microgravity, Drop Tower Days 2004, Congress: Center of Applied Space Technology and Microgravity, Bremen University , Bremen, (Germany) Dates: September 2004.
64. Castander, F. Title: Congress: Fundamental Physics from Galaxy Clusters Dates: 11-12 September 2004
65. Martínez-Pinedo, G. Title: Congress: Fourth International Conference on Exotic Nuclei and Atomic Masses, Pine Mountain, Georgia, (USA) Dates: 12-16 september 2004. Invited talk
66. Colomé, J., Fernández, D., Isern, J., Palau, X., Torra, J., Castander, F.J., Figueras, F., García- Berro, E., Jordi, C., Luri, X., Ribas, I. Title: Robotic design of the Montsec Astronomical Observatory Congress: JENAM 2004, Granada, (Spain) Dates: 13 September 2004 Poster
67. Colomé, J., Ábia, C., Domínguez, I., Isern, J., Tosti, G., Busso, M., Straniero, O. Title: IRAIT, robotic infrared telescope in Antarctica Congress: JENAM 2004, Granada, (Spain) Dates: 13 September 2004 Poster
68. Elósegui, P. Title: Earth's Response to Mass Redistribution: Results from Space Geodesy Measurements Congress: University of Lisbon, Lisbon, (Portugal) Dates:30 September 2004: Invited talk
69. Girart, J.M. Title: Evidence of transient molecular clumps and chemical evolution in molecular clouds Congress: Royal Astronomical Society Meeting: Recent Advances in Star-Formation Studies (London, UK) Dates: 08 October 2004 Contributed talk
70. Gómez, J. L. Title: Real vs. Simulated Relativistic Jets Congress: The 7th European VLBI Network Symposium, Toledo, (Spain) Dates: 12-15 October 2004 Invited talk
71. Soler, M. R., Ortega, S., Soriano, C., Pino, D., Alarcón, M., Beneito, J. Title: Pollutant disperssion of a heavy industrialized region: comparison of different models. Congress: 27th NATO/CCMS International Technical Meeting on Air Pollution Modelling and its Application.
51 Dates: 25-29 October 2004 Poster
72. Kleijer, F., Elósegui, P., Davis, J. L. Title: An Atmospheric Turbulence-Based GPS Stochastic Model Congress: Eos Trans. AGU, Fall Meet. Suppl., San Francisco, CA, (USA) Dates: 17 December 2004
73. Martínez-Pinedo, G. Title: Congress: Japanese-German Nuclear Structure and Astrophysics Workshop, GSI, Darmstadt (Germany) Dates: 16-18 December 2004 Invited talk
74. Ribas, I. Title: Stars as distance probes: From the solar neighbourhood to the galaxies Congress: Alpbach Summer School, Alpbach (Austria) Dates: 2004 Invited talk
75. Ribas, I. Title: Combining astrometry and light time effect: Low mass companions around eclipsing systems Congress: Light-time effect in Astrophysics, Brussels (Belgium) Dates: 2004 Invited talk
76. Lammer, H., Selsis, F., Kulikov, Y., Ribas, I., Penz, T., Grießmeier, J.M., Leitner, M., Erkaev, M., Biernat, H. Title: Atmospheric stability of Earth-like planets in the habitable zone of M stars Congress: Bioastronomy 2004: Habitable Worlds, Eighth International Conference on Bioastronomy, Reykjavik (Islandia) Dates: 2004 Contributed talk and poster
77. Terada, N., Lammer, H., Penz, T., Shinagawa, S., Machida, S., Kolb, C., Lichtenegger, H.I.M., Biernat, H.K., Ribas, I Title: Total ion loss evolution on Mars simulated with a global hybrid model Congress: The joint AOGS 1st Annual Meeting and APHW 2nd Conference, Singapore (Singapore) Dates: 2004 Contributed talk
52 VI.5 COMMUNICATION AND OUTREACH
IEEC contributes regularly to different science outreach programs. Some examples of these contributions are listed below:
VI.5.a Talks
• Vida y muerte de las estrellas Isern, Jordi Descubriendo el Universo, Curso de Astronomía, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Murcia 23/02/2004
• Space-based Geodesy and Earth Observations Elósegui, Pedro AESS - Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona 22/03/2004
• Microgravetat Isern, Jordi Cicle de conferències Caixa Sabadell 23/03/2004
• Per què serveix la recerca espacial? Isern, Jordi Ateneu Barcelonès, Barcelona 04/05/2004
• Projecte LISA: Mesurar la radiació gravitatòria amb satèl·lits Lobo, José Alberto La Salle, Universitat Ramon Llull, Barcelona 03/06/2004
• Estem sols a l’Univers? Girart, Josep Miquel Casal Sant Martí, Campelles (El Ripollès) 07/08/2004
• Meteorits Anna Artigas, Alina Hirschmann Classe “Els Meteorits”, Parvulari, Escola Patufet, Hospitalet de Llobregat Setmana de la Ciència 09/11/2004
• Homenatge a Joan Oró Isern, Jordi Centre Cultural Martorell, IES Joan Oró, Martorell, Barcelona 09/11/2004
• Fases de la missió espacial Catalán, Sílvia, Hirschmann, Alina IES La Seu d’Urgell, La Seu d’Urgell, Lleida Setmana de la Ciència 10/11/2004
• El Parc Astronòmic del Montsec i l'Observatori Astronòmic més gran de Catalunya: l'OAM Colomé, Josep, Fernández, David Institut d’Estudis Ilerdencs, Lleida Setmana de la Ciència
53 10/11/2004
• El Destino de nuestra universo Odintsov, Sergei Escuela Industrial, Sabadell Setmana de la Ciència 10/11/2004
• Viure a l’espai García-Cuadrado, Glòria IES La Llauna, Badalona, Barcelona Setmana de la Ciència 10/11/2004
• El Sol Isern, Jordi IES Píncep de Viana, Barcelona Setmana de la Ciència 10/11/2004
• Nacimiento, vida y muerte de las estrellas: Origen y evolución del Universo. Martínez-Pinedo, Gabriel IES Tàrrega "Dia de la Ciència a les Escoles", Setmana de la Ciència. 10/11/2004
• El dia 8 de juny es va poder observar un fenòmen astronòmic de gran bellesa i excepcionalitat: EL TRÀNSIT DE VENUS. El darrer trànsit es va produir fa 122 anys i des de l'IEEC no volíem perdre aquesta oportunitat per observar-lo i posar a la vostra disposició els mitjans necessaris per tal que vosaltres també en poguessiu gaudir. Per això, durant les hores del trànsit, vam disposar de diversos telescopis situats a davant de l'edifici on s'ubica la seu de l'IEEC a la ciutat de Barcelona, que van permetre observar el trànsit directament. A través de la pàgina web de l'IEEC http://www.ieec.fcr.es, també vam mostrar les imatges recollides des de la població d'Àger, situada a la Serra del Montsec (comarca de la Noguera), un dels millors llocs de Catalunya per a l'observació astronòmica i emplaçament del Parc Astronòmic del Montsec (PAM). Aquestes imatges són accessibles a la secció Galeria d'Imatges d'aquesta web.
54 VI.5.b Mass Media
Some of the media events on which IEEC has participated this year include:
Mitjans de Comunicació Data Programa Investigador de l’IEEC Assumpte
1. Catalunya Ràdio 05-01-2004 Antoni Bassas Jordi Isern Notícies 2. Ona Catalana 05-01-2004 Neus Bonet Jordi Isern Notícies 3. El Periódico 13-01-2004 Opinió Jordi Isern “La carrera espacial de George Bush 4. Ona Catalana 15-01-2004 “Accents” Jordi Isern Entrevista 5. Radio Francia Internacional 15-01-2004 Jordi Isern Entrevista 6. Catalunya Ràdio 15-01-2004 Jordi Isern Entrevista 7. Rac 1 16-01-2004 Albert Om Jordi Isern Entrevista 8. BTV 17-01-2004 Einstein a la Platja Jordi Isern Entrevista 9. Com Ràdio 20-01-2004 Joan Barril Jordi Isern Entrevista 10. Ràdio 4 21-01-2004 L’observatori- J.L.González Francisco Javier Castander Entrevista 11. Ràdio 5 Todo noticias Enrique Gaztañaga Entrevista 12. Canal 33 23-01-2004 De la Nit al Dia Jordi Isern Entrevista (Aigua a Mart) 13. TV3 23-01-2004 Telenotícies Jordi Isern Entrevista (Aigua a Mart) 14. Ràdio Arenys 24-01-2004 Jordi Isern Entrevista (Aigua a Mart) 15. BTV 27-01-2004 Joan Barril Jordi Isern Entrevista (Aigua a Mart) 16. Ràdio 4 26-01-2004 Sílvia Tarragona Jordi Isern Entrevista (Aigua a Mart) 17. COPE 27-01-2004 “La gran Barcelona” Jordi Isern Entrevista (Aigua a Mart) 18. Ràdio Barcelona 28-01-2004 El balcó Carles Badenas Missions a Mart 19. TVE- Redes 03-02-2004 Marta Sánchez Jordi Isern Mitjans de comunicacio-Mart 20. TVE-Catalunya Avui 03-02-2004 Jordi Isern Missions Mart 21. El Temps 03-02-2004 Alex Milián Jordi Isern 22. RAC 1 04-02-2004 “Tot el possible”- Lorena Garcia Glòria García-Cuadrado Missions a Mart 23. Catalunya Ràdio 12-02-2004 Catalunya vespre Jordi Isern i Jordi Llorca Kilian Sebrià 24. Informacions – UPC - Febrer 2004 Estel Cardellach Entrevista 25. Com Ràdio 01-03-2004 Informatius Glòria García-Quadrado Entrevista 26. Catalunya Ràdio 01-03-2004 Informatius Jordi Isern Entrevista
55 27. ONA Catalana 02-03-2004 Informatius Jordi Isern Entrevista 28. El Periódico 16-03-2004 Antonio Madridejos Jordi Isern Article 29. Ràdio Sabadell 23-03-2004 Eva Guarino Jordi Isern Entrevista 30. Catalunya Cultura 24-03-2004 Rafael Vallbona Jordi Isern Entrevista 31. TV3 14.05.2004 En Directe Pep Colomé Reportatge sobre l’Observatori Astronòmic del Montsec 32. TV3 08.06.2004 En Directe José M. Álvarez, Anna Artigas, Reportatge trànsit de Venus Telenotícies dels Serveis Anna Cabré, Silvia Catalán, Pep retransmès des d’Àger, Informatius Colomé, Alina Hirschmann, Glòria activitat organitzada pel Sala, Nicolás de Sereville Consorci del Montsec en el marc del Parc Astronòmic del Montsec i amb la col·laboració de l’IEEC i la UB 33. BTV 20-06-2004 Lluís Reales Jordi Isern Píndoles de Ciència 34. Ona Catalana 21-06-2004 Albert Jordi Isern Entrevista SpaceShipOne 35. Cadena Cope 02-07-2004 Jordi Isern Saturn 36. TV3 14-07-2004 Josep Mondeo Jordi Isern Informatius Migdia Informatius Vespre 37. Catalunya Ràdio 13-10-2004 David Closellas Jordi Isern Catalunya Cultura – Mart 38. Catalunya Ràdio 21-10-2004 David Closellas Jordi Isern Catalunya Cultura – Mart 39. Radio Martorell 05-11-2004 Quim Miró Jordi Isern Joan Oró
56