THE GREEK AUSTRALIAN The oldest circulating Greek newspaper outside Greece email: VEMA [email protected] AUGUST 2005 Tel. (02) 9559 7022 Fax: (02) 9559 7033 In this issue... Our Primate’s View THE ‘PROS’ AND ‘CONS’ OF AN INTERVIEW

PAGE 5/23 Cypriot plane

WINDOWS TO ORTHODOXY: crashes in Athens Apollinarianism: Greek Australian family amongst the 121 dead

Challenges to the A Cypriot airliner crashed into a moun- HCY522 left Larnaca at 9am local time and Cyprus declared three days of mourn- tainous area north of Athens on Sunday (4pm AEST) and lost contact an hour-and- ing. Faith in Jesus Christ 14 August, killing all 121 people on a-half later. In Larnaca, Cypriot President Tassos board, after apparently suffering a loss of Two Greek F-16 fighter jets were scram- Papadopoulos said: “I express my deepest PAGES 8/26 9/27 - cabin pressure or oxygen. bled after the plane lost contact with the sorrow and grief for the loss of lives of our The crash was the worst airline disaster in tower at Athens international airport. compatriots and on behalf of the govern- Greek history. One of the F-16 pilots reported that he ment I express deepest sympathy to all the Greek TV station Alpha said the pilot told could not see the captain in the cockpit and relatives. We are standing by them and air traffic controllers the Helios Airways his co-pilot appeared to be slumped in his offering our support.” Boeing 737 was experiencing air condition- seat, a government spokesman said to Helios was Cyprus’s first private carrier, ing problems, before communication with Reuters. established in 1999. It flies to Dublin, Sofia, the plane - flying at 35,000 feet en route The ministry said it suspected the plane’s Warsaw, Prague, Strasbourg and several from Larnaca in Cyprus to Prague via oxygen supply or pressurisation system British airports using a fleet of Boeing B737 Athens - was lost. may have malfunctioned. aircraft. A Greek police spokesman said 115 pas- Kieran Daly, editor of Air Transport Intel- Adelaide-born Demos Xiourouppa, his sengers and six crew were on board the ligence, said the cause of the crash was a Cypriot wife Margarita, 34, and their flight. “puzzle”. daughters Sophia, 10, and Ioanna, nine, Rescuers had found no survivors from the A spokesman for the European Aviation were killed in the crash. wreckage, scattered widely about the moun- Safety Agency, Daniel Holtgen, based in Their two-year-old son, George, was with tainous area 40km north of Athens. Cologne, Germany, said: “It is highly his grandparents in Cyprus. Akrivos Tsolaki, head of the accident unlikely that the loss of cabin pressure alone Mr Xiourouppa left in 1993 to live in investigation committee, told reporters at would cause such an incident. There would Cyprus but retained his Australian citizen- Mexican artist the crash site the plane’s two black boxes - have to be other contributing factors.” ship and had two brothers and cousins in voice and data recorders - had been located. Greek Prime Minister Costas Karamanlis Adelaide. and iconographer Airport officials in Cyprus said flight broke off his holiday to return to Athens, AAP visits Australia Sydney ranked world’s best city PAGE 2/20 Australia’s biggest city, Sydney, has again been named the world’s best city by readers of the U.S. magazine Travel and Leisure. It is the eighth time in 10 years that Syd- ney, known for its iconic opera house, harbor bridge and stunning beaches, has topped the list.

FULL STORY PAGE 14/32 TRAVEL uro Funeral Service Vouliagmeni Eëëçíéêü Ïéêïãåíåéáêü Ãñáöåßï Ôåëåôþí Lake and Health Spa Tel: (02) 9747 6604 PAGE 16/34 Available 24 hrs 114543 AUGUST 2005 2/20 TO BHMA The Greek Australian VEMA

Mexican artist and iconographer visits Australia

By Ann Coward

The Gallery at Canberra’s Grammar School played host to the first exhibition in Australia of the Mexican artist, Adriana Alexanderson. On display were her paintings of women, all featuring Adriana’s trademark symbol- ic language of ribbons and wisps of cloth. Symbolic shapes and colours play a major part in Adriana’s other major artistic occupation - iconography.

Trained initially as a graphic artist in Mexico City, and then in stained glass, she eventually or flannel and then a hard sur- the final work always ends up made her way to Italy, where she face, and works the design using being slightly different to the worked for seven years. KING'S "I HAVE a range of embossing tools. one from which it is copied, Between 1997 - 2000 Adriana A DREAM" SPEECH When the designs are complet- because of the hand of the artist. participated in 15 solo exhibi- August 28, 1963 ed, a mixture of wax and rosin is Her works are to be found in pri- tions and 23 group exhibitions made up and the indentations are vate and public collections in mainly in Italy, and won awards On the steps of the Lincoln Memorial in filled in on the reverse side. To Mexico, Australia, Italy, the at a number of expositions. Washington, D.C., the African age the aluminium, black paint United States, and Japan. It is Some of the shows were under American civil rights movement reach- is added to the surface and then hoped that the Canberra exhibi- the sponsorship of the Mexican es its high-water mark when Martin rubbed off. To create the gold tion will go on tour, and there are Embassy to the Italian Luther King, Jr., speaks to more than effect, a woodstain is used. discussions underway about Government and to the Santa 200,000 people attending the March on Although the original template holding an icon exhibition in Sede of the Vatican. Adriana has Washington. The demonstrators--black for each icon is a traditional Australia in the future. exhibited twice for the Vatican. and white, poor and rich--came togeth- Byzantine image, Adriana says She began to create icons in the er in the nation's capital to demand vot- Byzantine style, and upon ing rights and equal opportunity for returning to Guadalajara in African Americans and to appeal for an Mexico, sought further tuition end to racial segregation and discrimi- from her original painting nation. MISSING PERSON teacher, Guadalupe Figueroa, who had earlier studied iconog- U.S. WINS FIRST AMERICA'S CUP raphy in Spain. August 22, 1851 Although Adriana sells her completed icons, she does not On August 22, 1851, the U.S.-built schooner paint these with the intention of America bests a fleet of Britain's finest ships in offering them up for sale. a race around England's Isle of Wight. The “When I finish an icon I feel ornate silver trophy won by the America was very, very good. I make the later donated to the New York Yacht Club on icons for myself - for my heart. I condition that it be forever placed in interna- do the other paintings to sell. If tional competition. Today, the "America's I sell an icon, it’s O.K., but I suf- Cup" is the world's oldest continually contest - fer a little bit. I’ve left my heart ed sporting trophy and represents the pinnacle and my hands in the icon.” of international sailing yacht competition. “It’s different. I love this work.” Taking as her inspiration the PIZARRO EXECUTES LAST INCA aged icons covered with beaten EMPEROR silver, Adriana begins by paint- August 29, 1533 ing the image in oils on gesso. Then, she takes a sheet of alu- Atahuallpa, the 13th and last emperor of minium or silver, and working Marcos Stathis was last seen about 11:30am on Wednesday the Incas, dies by strangulation at the hands from the back, places it alterna- 3/8/05 at Camelia Gardens, Caringbah. At the time he was on of Francisco Pizarro's Spanish conquistadors. tively on a soft bed of cardboard The execution of Atahuallpa, the last free reign- an organised tour with other elderly persons. Marcos suffers ing emperor, marked the end of 300 years of from Alzheimers and his family are seriously concerned for Inca civilization. his safety and welfare. CAMPBELL EXCEEDS 300 MPH September 3, 1935 Marcos is of Greek origin, approximately 5 foot 6, grey hair A new land-speed record is set by Britain's famed speed demon, Sir Malcolm Campbell. bald on top with a solid build. He was wearing navy blue On the Bonneville Salt Flats of Utah, Campbell trousers, a brown woven checked jacket and a green/black and his 2,500-hp motor car Bluebird made two runs over a one-mile course at speeds averag- woven cap. ing 301.129 mph. In breaking the 300-mph bar- rier, he surpassed the world record of 276.82 mph that he had set earlier in the year. If you are able to offer any information concerning the where- abouts of Marcos, please contact the Missing Persons Unit on 1 800 025 091 or call Miranda Police on ph. 9541 3899. Quote Police Event No: E24853450 114490 AUGUST 2005 The Greek Australian VEMA TO BHMA 3/21 Editorial

Get police back on the streets ing of police stations has taken officers away from patrols Water strategy which now only take place in theory. After the deadly four- The statistics are sounding the alarm. When police officers By Stavros Tzimas car pileup on a notorious- go, the city is defenseless. They must be constantly present ly dangerous stretch of and visible, a guardian of the people. Withdrawing officers The severe downpours that hit northern Greece and neigh- road in the Alamana from the streets, making them sit in offices or serve as body- boring Bulgaria in recent days caused the Evros River to burst region in central Greece guards for well-known figures only increases people’s expo- its banks, causing crop damage and loss of livestock. Efforts on July 9, we stressed that sure to crime. to tackle the chronic flood threat, however, are complicated by the rising death toll on the KATHIMERINI the past prejudices underlying the trilateral ties linking Greece, national road network is Turkey and Bulgaria. also a result of the rela- Slapdash remedies Talks with Ankara on the issue in the early 1950s, for exam- tive absence of traffic ple, collapsed in 1955 because of rising bilateral tensions police officers along the highways. By Dimitris Kastriotis caused by developments in Cyprus and Istanbul. The absence of traffic police has been conspicuous, not only The Evros River is not the only transboundary water along Greece’s highway network but also throughout the Kathimerini has already expressed its fundamental reserva- resource that Greece has to manage in cooperation with its streets of the broader Athens region. Police patrols in Attica’s tions regarding the effectiveness of the new code of ethics for neighbors. The Nestos, Strymonas and Axios rivers that flow neighborhoods have all but disappeared. doctors recently heralded in by the Health Ministry. on the plains of the Macedonia region as well as the Prespes Now, a month after the gory accident, Greek police have The ailments of the system are the result either of illegal and Doirani lakes, which impact thousands of households acknowledged the drop in officer patrols in the streets of the activities or political choices. The former do not need yet across national borders, must be high on the agenda of Greek capital. In fact, police officials link the absence of patrols to another law banning them, and the latter have nothing to do foreign policy. the steep rise in criminality rates recorded in the previous with the law. So, it appears that the fate of public health is Existing international agreements determine the quantity and month. Police statistics show that robberies, thefts and break- dependent on practice rather than on any legal restrictions that quality of the water that reaches Greece. But these have ins in July were 20 percent higher than in the same month last could be imposed. become outdated as the Balkans have changed. Downstream year. It is interesting to note that doctors have been asked to offer Balkan states will be tempted to exploit their shared water What changed? Last July, as the country was in the final any comments regarding the proposed code of ethics by the resources at Greece’s expense. stretch before the Olympic Games, police patrols in the Attica end of month. But why such haste, and in the middle of sum- The case of the Nestos River is indicative of the challenges region were more intense than ever before. Police officers mer? ahead. According to existing agreements, Greece receives 29 were everywhere to be seen in the city. The capital’s entire This question becomes particularly pressing when we bear percent of the water flowing across the border; for the time police force was mobilized while hundreds of other officers in mind that the debate goes beyond the much-discussed prob- being, this is enough to water the eastern Macedonia-Thrace were called in from the provinces. Intense physical presence lem of under-the-table payments and embraces extremely seri- plain. Should Bulgaria go ahead with plans to divert the river enhanced security during the Games and, at the same time, ous issues - such as the practice of euthanasia and cloning - to water its own plains, Greece will continue to get the same brought about a dramatic decline in ordinary crime, under- which are linked to contemporary ethics and modern thinking share - but out of a smaller total amount. scoring the benefits of preventive action. but which have been discussed very little in Greek public life. The issue of transboundary waters is too serious to be left to The precipitous rise in crime is unnerving. It is not just that And so it is that doctors have been asked to take a stance on local decision making. Water, a life-giving commodity, is like- there are no reinforcements from the countryside or that there euthanasia within the next two weeks, so we can once again ly to become of source of conflict in water-scarce regions. has been no recall on summer leaves. The police force has avoid establishing a legal framework for a very important Greece must hammer out a national water strategy to ward off actually reduced city patrols to below pre-Olympic levels, issue... future tension with its neighbors. either because authorities deem that security cameras can act as a substitute for physical presence or because the restructur- KATHIMERINI KATHIMERINI

other front paw. It was not only her son who received this Talking rather swift, and no doubt painful, treat- ment. We noticed that she metered out this punishment on any puppies in the street. Point Needless to say, even when fully grown, by Ann Coward those same dogs were terrified of this feisty mother cat.

Training to Purr-fection Being a beauty, Imelda was eventually stolen and when found months later had We adopted a neighbour’s cat a while back, changed dramatically. She had been mis- as our courtyard offers good protection treated and was skinny; her fur was matted, from stray dogs. When younger, she had an and she had a problem with her spine and extremely pretty face, and had long hair and tail. She trusted no-one, not even her ador- a big bushy tail as well as a fetish for shoes. ing mate, the ginger Tom (who was, by that Possibly rather unkindly, we took to calling time, motherless). Eventually Tom moved her “Imelda’! on, and Imelda took over our courtyard full- time, terrorising any strangers who dared to A number of cats in the surrounding streets come to our front door – that is, unless they were her offspring, and eventually we passed the somewhat unpredictable Imelda- found we were feeding quite a large number shoe-test. Yet despite the scars she carried of nocturnal feline visitors. Many of these with her, both in body and temperament, adult cats had earlier spent the first few from her abduction and mistreatment, she weeks of their life in our courtyard, so they continued to mother her adult offspring, were familiar with the territory. making sure we kept them supplied with “suppers”. Imelda’s mother-in-law was quite a cat. Her son, a big ginger Tom, was smitten with Now, sadly, Imelda has died, but we have Imelda years ago and always seemed to be been given a beautiful cat of our own. by her side, playing the dutiful father when- Much-loved by her previous owners, and ever she had kittens, even though only a true to her breed, this little lady spreads her few ever resembled him. But it was his affection equally amongst the family mem- mum who was the boss. She had no meow, bers. Little by little, she’s training us in the and so would get her ginger-son-of-a-cat to subtleties of what she like to eat, how much, sit at our front door, meowing loudly until and how often. We know which chair she we produced some food. If Tom ever forgot prefers to sleep on, when to leave her to cat- his manners, and attempted to eat before his nap and when to awaken her …and no mother had eaten her fill, she’d hook the doubt, very soon, we’ll all be deemed suffi- claws of one paw onto his face, hold fast ciently well-trained enough for her to con- and whack him across the head with her sider her house, ours. AUGUST 2005 4/22 TO BHMA The Greek Australian VEMA

HACCI Sound Investments through Geo-Science Solutions As Greece’s official supplier of geo-science are being used today. New legislation, expect- ample opportunities for mountain climbing, solutions, the Institute of Geology and Min- ed to be finalized soon, gives entrepreneurs the river fishing, hunting, and skiing. The ski eral Exploration (IGME) provides objec- necessary incentives to invest in this branch of resort of Vasilitsa, at the heart of Pindos, is a Business tive and up-to-date geo-scientific informa- national economy. Greece is already experi- popular winter holiday destination. There are tion, advice, and professional services to the encing very fast growth in the installation of 11 hotel establishments in the prefecture, pro- state, municipal, industrial, scientific, and Ground Heat Pump (GHP) systems in the viding 440 beds. Opportunities exist for the Bulletin public communities of Greece. A public cor- domestic sector. establishment of small agro-tourism units to porate body under the umbrella of the Min- IGME has been cooperating extensively with address the needs of visitors who wish to expe- istry of Development, IGME gathers many geological surveys from the EU, the rience the natural environment through river Greece’s geo-scientific information and is Balkans, and China to conduct research pro- rafting, hiking, skiing, fishing, or hunting. The the official advisor to Greece on all matters jects in the fields of geothermal energy and region is also rich in therapeutic springs that concerning the geology and mineral CO2 Capture and Storage (CCS). These col- are known for their curative properties. Oppor- resources (except petroleum and natural laborations have resulted in a transfer of tunities exist for the development of thermal gas) of the Greek landmass and its adjacent know-how and fully justified reports with field springs in the municipal area. continental shelf. studies that benefit investors in the energy and Grevena’s economy relies mainly on agricul- With a staff of environmental sectors. According to Mr. ture and cattle raising. The prefecture’s main roughly 800 (300 Hatzigiannis, “It is important to focus on the agricultural products include wheat, corn, bar- of whom are sci- fast-growing technological concept of CCS, ley, tomatoes, milk, and cattle feed. Roughly entists, many which could contribute significantly to the 31,482 square kilometers of the prefecture are holding post-grad- reduction of CO2 emissions in the atmos- dedicated to organic cultivation and organic uate degrees) phere, eventually leading to full compliance farmers reap significant harvests of grains and IGME focuses its with the Kyoto Protocol.” walnuts. Opportunities exist for the develop- Real Estate research activity ment of Grevena’s free range and stabled cat- on five major tle raising industry. The prefecture is also look- Opportunities areas: The Prefecture of Grevena ing to develop organic methods of cattle rais- * Systematic basic surveys and specialized ing and agricultural development. Opportuni- Region: Grevena surveys (geophysical, geochemical, structural, Greece offers ties also exist for the establishment of model geothermal). investment oppor- farms in Grevena. REF: #1: Grevena. In Xasia, 3.5 hectares of * Evaluation of mineral raw materials (except tunities through- The prefecture is active in food and beverage, semi-mountainous and slightly inclining hydrocarbons) for the development of the out the country wood processing, and the manufacturing of land belonging to the Municipality of Xasia country’s energy potential, the enlargement of and in some of the wood and cork products. Grevena is very are suitable for the development of eco- its industrial base, and the encouragement of most attractive active in the wood manufacturing sector, espe- tourism, agro-tourism, and game farms. productive investments. locations in the cially in the production of door and window The area is a place of great natural beauty * Evaluation of the country’s groundwater Mediterranean-on frames and wood used in construction. Invest- with a well-developed ecotourism sector. supply and rational water usage for the devel- islands, in prefec- ment opportunities exist for the development The land, located 35 kilometers from the opment of agriculture and the provision of tures with spectac- of an existing manufacturing unit for the pro- capital of Grevena, is very accessible. The urban and industrial needs. ular natural duction of wooden planks. The unit, located a nearest residential area is the town of Xasia. * Study of geotechnical problems associated resources, and in smaller urban areas. Invest- small distance outside the capital of Grevena, with natural hazards and the planning of tech- ment incentives are highly appealing in is owned by the Agricultural Bank of Greece REF: #2: Grevena. In Kivotos, located in nical and development projects. “Regional Greece,” where a willing workforce (ATE). the Municipality of Iraklidae, 5 hectares of Today, an increasing demand for the devel- and a desirable lifestyle translate into a wise flat land with the capacity for irrigation, opment of safe and sustainable engineering investment choice. electrical, and telecommunications facili- projects requires well-researched and detailed The prefecture of Grevena is located 422 ties are available for the development of studies. IGME’s Engineering Geology Depart- kilometers from Athens in the north western ecotourism and agro-tourism. The land ment conducts geotechnical investigations that part of Greece and belongs to the western part belongs to the Municipality and is located facilitate investments in urban planning, of the District of Macedonia. Grevena borders in an area of great natural beauty with a tourist development projects, infrastructure the prefectures of Kozani, Ioannina, Trikala well-developed ecotourism sector. Located projects, and the construction of dams for irri- and Larisa. The prefecture covers an area of 35 kilometers from the capital city of gation or power generation. The department 2,291 square kilometers and has a population Grevena, the land is very accessible. The also performs geotechnical investigations for of 37,947. nearest residential area is the town of Kiv- civil engineering projects, including road net- Grevena is mountainous and its western part Incentives for Greeks Abroad otos. works, tunnels, large buildings, and pipelines. includes the eastern side of the Pindos Moun- to Invest in Homeland Through its Geothermal Energy Department, tain Range, Orliaka, Ligkos, and Smolikas, REF: #3: Grevena. In Rahoula, located in IGME explores, locates, and evaluates whose highest peak is 2,610 meters. Two main The Greek government is offering incentives the Municipality of Gorgianis, 5 hectares of deposits of lignite, peat, and geothermal ener- rivers, Aliakmonas and Venetikos, run through to ethnic Greeks living abroad who seek to semi-mountainous and slightly inclining gy. These studies have revealed a large number the prefecture. Grevena, the prefecture’s capi- invest in their homeland. According to Devel- land are suitable for the development of of solid fuel deposits and high and low tem- tal, was built 543 meters above sea level on the opment Minister Dimitris Sioufas, these ecotourism and agro-tourism. The land perature geothermal fields. IGME’s investiga- banks of the Grevenitis River, a tributary of the incentives include financing of up to 55% and belongs to the Municipality of Gorgianis tions formed a solid basis for the exploitation Aliakmonas River. Ancient castles in Spilaio reducing red tape. and has the capacity for irrigation facilities. of lignite deposits by the Public Power Corpo- and Alatopetra-Poluneri indicate that the area The area is of great natural beauty with a ration and private companies involved in has been populated prior to the pre-Macedon- HSBC Expands in Greece well-developed ecotourism sector. Located power generation. According to George Hatzi- ian years, 1500 B.C. 40 kilometers from the capital of Grevena, giannis, Manager of IGME’s Geothermal Thomas Tsialtis of the Investment Company HSBC, Europe’s largest bank in terms of the land is highly accessible. The nearest Energy Department, “Through electricity mar- of Grevena says, “There is great potential in capitalization, plans to expand further in residential area is Prionia. ket liberalization there are good opportunities Grevena for the standardization of agricultural Greece. Retail Banking Director of HSBC’s for productive investments in the exploitation products, especially the production and bot- operations in Greece Bernard Payne said that of idle deposits for use in power production or tling of wine and the packaging of aromatic in its first phase of a greater expansion drive, in non-electrical uses. There are many deposits plants. Renewable energy sources in the area, HSBC will add at least three new branches to The Greek Australian available with more than 1 billion tons of particularly hydroelectric energy, offer strong an existing network of 22. Forecasters project Vema extractable reserves.” investment opportunities. Other sectors with a 65% growth in the bank’s business in 2005, Mr. Hatzigiannis said that geothermal ener- substantial development potential include up from 48% in 2004 and 36% in 2003. Dur- Tel: (02) 9559 7022 gy resources are plentiful and are distributed alternative forms of tourism and transit trade.” ing the last two years, HSBC has invested throughout the country. The two well-known, The prefecture’s unexploited natural landscape more than 10 million EURO in information Fax: (02) 9559 7033 high-temperature fields in Milos and Nisyros makes it an ideal location for ecotourism and technology systems and the restructuring of E-mail: [email protected] islands have not yet been exploited, and only sports tourism. Its rich pine and chestnut the branch network, said Mr. Payne. 10% of the 40 known low-temperature fields forests, high mountains, and its rivers offer AUGUST 2005 Greek Australian VEMA TO BHMA 5/23 Our Primate’s View

An ‘interview’ is one of the con- ‘interview’ might offer, but also the dan- away even the most modest of speakers. temporary forms of the spoken and written gers which threaten it beforehand. Moreover, an exaggerated attempt to word which, indeed, holds paramount Let us now look at the ‘pros’ and appear modest is the most distinguishable importance in the general setting of more ‘cons’ of an interview. and blatant narcissism. recent civilizations. Just as the various ‘parts’of a) The first and most impressive c) In an interview, ‘stars’ from all speech constitute the whole system, that is advantage of an interview is its liveliness. fields, or at least prominent and distin- the specific body of a language, in the This is secured, on the one hand, by the guished personalities of public life, poli- same way also, ‘forms’ of speech com- fact that it not a monologue but a dia- tics, the arts and academia, are invited – prise, and therefore summarize phrasally, logue. When one directs a concise and spe- and indeed are begged - to appear. It is, the content of a civilization. cific question, the other person is also therefore, almost expected that a Given this internal relationship obliged to respond concisely to the specif- respectable journalist who undertakes the and inter-dependence of the forms of ic points. We could say that an interview role of ‘mediator’ between the personality speech which express the spiritual back- resembles ‘ping pong’! Already, however, with whom he or she is interviewing and drop of a civilization (we recall that today, the image created by that liveliness, and by the wider public, would never dare exceed by convention, we refer to civilization as the interest generated, also presents the the ‘permissible limits’ of his or her role. ‘culture’ internationally) we shall attempt here a brief ‘anatomy’ of the literary phe- nomenon known as ‘the interview’. Indeed, it would perhaps be better to speak not simply of an ‘anatomy’ but rather of a THE ‘PROS’ AND ‘CONS’ ‘phenomenology’ with regard to such a specific form of speech. Because, as we shall see below, an ‘interview’ does not OF AN INTERVIEW consist only of a ‘structure’. The body of By Archbishop A’ Stylianos an ‘interview’ is not determined merely by of Australia articulative elements i.e. figurations and analogies. An ‘interview’ also contains, as an integral part, the function of the struc- first danger in an interview. It concerns Nonetheless, precisely because tures, the actions and reactions that arise the temptation of the interviewee to the reputation and authority of the per- during the flow of speech which has a impress, not so much the interviewing sonality called for the interview are known ‘dual direction’ (question-answer). journalist but, foremost, the uninformed beforehand, there also lurks the temptation If we wish to be more precise, we listeners or readers. for one to be drawn into inexcusable exag- should add a third dimension to the func- gerations and generalizations, if not even tion of actions and reactions in the ques- b) Usually, an interview is always into ‘oracular’ responses of a modern-day tions and answers: It regards the ‘conclu- preceded by a brief, albeit, ‘pre-under- ‘Pythia’. sion’ arrived at by the reader or listener standing’, even when the interviewee has If per chance the interview is which, in most cases, is not taken into been called to respond as though ‘sur- given on the occasion of some anniversary account. As is easily understood, it is prised’ by the journalist. Indeed, in some or of some celebration for longstanding overshadowed by the foreground of those instances the ‘questions’ and ‘answers’ are service, the ‘star’ who might even be engaged in the interview! We should so obviously ‘set up’, that one is given the advanced in years, runs the risk of saying acknowledge, however, that the ‘conclu- unpleasant impression that he or she is things which are not only irrelevant but sion’ is ignored for an additional reason. It unwittingly a witness to, if not a victim of sadly laughable. is the fluidity and uncertainty in the range some ‘conspiracy’. And while, if there is It is towards this unnoticeable of educational and ethico-psychological sincerity and good will from both sides, ‘downslide’ that the intoxication of presuppositions of each reader or listener the listener or reader can enjoy the charm ‘prominence’ fatefully pushes the intervie- which render the conclusion an ‘unstable of speech through its freshness and variety wee who pitiably believes that, on the one factor’ and not, as would be correct, the and dynamism resembling ‘a brilliant hand, the elderly do not recall with cer- ‘third dimension’ that completes the pic- cyclist’ (A. Empirikos), in a presumably tainty the events of just a few decades ago, ture of an ‘interview’. courteous ‘swordfight’ it is sad to observe and on the other, that the young would Following what we have said by elements such as ‘acumen’, ‘alertness’ and probably be entirely ignorant of them. way of ‘introduction’ in the study of the ‘wise formulation of opinion’ being abol- Consequently, the celebrity (!) is not afraid cultural product called ‘interview’, we are ished by the absence of self-respect which that some will dare to refute or, at least, now able to proceed somewhat more sys- also presupposes respect for the persons challenge what has been publicly deposit- tematically in our examination. Only in and matters mentioned. Because, unfortu- ed from a ‘position of security’. this way shall we appreciate, as far as pos- nately, it appears fateful that the tempta- sible, not only the educative value that an tion of ‘narcissism’ is capable of sweeping (to be continued).

THE GREEK AUSTRALIAN The oldest circulating Greek newspaper outside Greece email: VEMA [email protected] APRIL 2005 Tel. (02) 9559 7022 Fax: (02) 9559 7033

In this issue... Our Primate’s View THE SABOTAGE OF GREEKS ABROAD FROM WITHIN GREECE PAGE 5/39 The Greek Australian Vema

WINDOWS TO ORTHODOXY: The oldest circulating Greek newspaper outside Greece Jesus Christ: The Suffering Servant

PAGES 10/44-11/45 Tel: (02) 9559 7022 Fax: (02) 9559 7033

THE GREAT LENT A Week by Week Meaning PAGES 6/40, 7/41, 8/42 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.tovema.com.au TRAVEL Poros: The We extend our wishes to all Greek Australians Alternative for a very Happy Easter to Athens

PAGE 24/58 in good health and family unity AUGUST 2005 6/24 TO BHMA The Greek Australian VEMA

Marie Scoutas - ABC News AUGUST 2005 The Greek Australian VEMA TO BHMA 7/25 Facts & Stats Ageing and HIV key challenges Increase in airfares expected to avert terrorism Australians are being warned to expect an increase over next 50 years in airfare prices to fund anti-terrorism measures at airports. Massive population growth in the poor- “If nothing is done, the ageing of the pop- In the 50 least developed countries aver- est countries, global ageing, and the bat- ulation will lead to a reduction in the work- age lifespan is also expected to rise from Federal Transport Minister Warren Truss says there tle against the AIDS virus, are key chal- force, a fall in economic growth and large 51 to 67, a figure which is conditional on could be a price hike in airline tickets to pay for boost- lenges for the international community shortages of labour,” said Martine Durand, the implementation of government pro- ed security at airports and on aircraft. over the next 50 years, an international an economist with the Organisation for grams to treat HIV-infected people and But he says Australians won’t mind digging into their conference has been told. Economic Cooperation and Development stop the spread of the virus. hip pocket if it means air travel is safe. (OECD). Life expectancy in southern Africa, whi- His comments followed an address to a transport con- This month the world’s population Raising the retirement age is one of a ch has the highest HIV infection rate in the ference by Sir John Wheeler, the former head of crossed the 6.5 billion mark. But the number of politically difficult policy world, has fallen from 62 years in 1990-95 Britain’s National Criminal Intelligence Service, who increase has slowed from a two per cent options facing governments along with to 48 years in 2000-2005. It is set to drop has been hired by the federal government to investigate annual rise in the 1960s to 1.2 per cent increased immigration, encouraging peo- further - to 43 years over the next decade - existing security measures at airports and recommend today - with the nine-billion-mark expect- ple to have more children and employment before a slow recovery starts. improvements. ed to be cracked around 2050. creation, as they try to counter the eco- Some three million people died of AIDS Sir John says security could be improved at Australian Falling fertility rates in Europe, Latin nomic effects of having a shrinking work- related illnesses in 2004 while five million airports and authorities could implement more proce- America and Asia have contributed to this force and growing number of retirees. people became infected - taking the global dures to ward off an attack. slowdown. In China, home to 1.3 billion Durand said governments in developed total to 40 million. He believed closed circuit television (CCTV) had a people and a one-child policy, the number countries are already taking measures to The two countries with the largest popu- crucial role in preventing terrorist attacks. of children per woman has fallen to 1.7 delay retirement. Italy, Finland, Spain, lations, China and India, are now on the AAP from a peak of 7.5 in the 1960s. Norway and France have already restrict- frontline in the battle against the spread of However in Africa fertility rates remain ed the possibility of early retirement while HIV. Productivity Commission high and populations are predicted to rise Austria, Switzerland and Belgium have Vinod Mishra of the research company to examine population growth rapidly, tripling by 2050 in a number of raised the legal age of retirement. Demographic and Health Surveys said that countries including Burkina Faso, Burun- Due to falling fertility rates, immigration in China the disease has broken out of the The impact of migration and population growth on di, Chad, Congo, the Democratic Republic will continue to play an important role for high-risk groups of injecting drug users national productivity will be examined by the Pro- of Congo, Ethiopia and Uganda. a number of countries, particularly in and sex workers and is spreading through ductivity Commission, federal Treasurer Peter Demographer John Cleland of the Lon- Europe, over the next 25 years. the general population. Costello says. don School of Hygiene and Tropical Med- “Without immigration a number of Euro- China’s massive urban migration, which icine said population increase could con- pean countries would experience a sub- has risen from 11 million in 1982 to 79 The commission will tribute more to deepening poverty than stantial fall in their populations,” Serge million in 2000, may be “the ‘tipping report on the nature of HIV infection in sub-Saharan Africa, Feld of the University of Liege in Belgium point’ in China’s battle with the AIDS epi- international migration where the population is predicted to rise told the conference, which wrapped up at demic,” according to Xiushi Yang of the flows over the past from 750 million to 1.7 billion during this the weekend. Old Dominion University. decade - in particular, period. Only Finland and France will be increas- China has 840,000 HIV infected people flows of skilled mi- In Europe and Asia falling birth rates and ing their populations largely from natural or 0.1 per cent of the population, although grants and the effect longer life expectancy are leading to an population growth. this likely to be an underestimate. this has had on skill ageing of the world’s population. Increasing life expectancy is the other dri- India has 5.1 million people infected with levels. According to UN figures, 20 per cent of ver in the ageing process with people in HIV representing 0.9 per cent of the popu- The impact of skilled today’s population in developed countries rich countries expected to live to an aver- lation, ranking second behind South Africa and unskilled migra- are over 60 and by 2050 that proportion is age of 82 years by 2050 compared to 76 with 5.3 million in absolute numbers. tion within different Federal Treasurer Peter projected to rise to 32 per cent. years today, according to UN figures. AFP industries and occupa- Costello tions will also be assessed following a Dads want mums to get permission request for the study from Mr Costello. In addition, it will identify any ways in which popu- lation growth limits productivity growth and report on before they leave town whether there are any legislative impediments prevent- ing Australia from realising potential productivity Mothers who leave town with their “I’m very concerned ... that children are some people who cannot currently access gains. children when a relationship breaks very upset with the disturbance of their the legal system to sort out their family Mr Costello said understanding the link between pop- down should be forced to obtain con- routine, access, contact (and) relationship problems. ulation growth and productivity was especially impor- sent from their ex-partners, a fathers’ with both parents and they desperately But he said it would never work for tant in the context of an ageing population. group says. want both parents and they desperately everybody and the relationship centres “Given the importance of productivity growth as a want to remain, not only near their father, could allow one more powerful party to major driver of improved living standards there is The federal government has proposed but in their communities,” he said. get their way. value in identifying the ways in which population major changes to the family law system But lawyers are warning against telling “I remain concerned about power imbal- growth and the human capital aspects of migration can in Australia with the establishment of 65 parents what to do. ances generally in an environment where affect productivity,” he said. new family relationship centres. Each case should be considered on its people can go to family relationship cen- “Productivity growth is a major driver of improve- Under draft legislation, families on the merits, the Family Law Practitioners tres and ... ultimately enter into agree- ments in real per capita living standards, so there is verge of breakdown will be forced to go Association of Queensland told the Legal ments which have no oversight from value in identifying the ways in which population to the centres for mediation, relationship and Constitutional Affairs Committee. either the court or a practitioner,” he said. growth and the human capital aspects of migration can counselling and to come up with a par- “It’s a really difficult area to be pre- “I think that that area certainly makes it affect productivity.” enting plan that encourages time with scriptive about,” Association spokesman possible that people who are oppressed But Labor’s treasury spokesman Wayne Swan said the both parents. Donald Leembruggen said. either emotionally or through family vio- report was hardly a sufficient response to Australia’s If successful, this would make the Fam- He said it was acknowledged in family lence will agree to things that they ought faltering productivity. ily Court a place of last resort that dealt law that a parent had a right to freedom of not agree to.” “Peter Costello’s indifference to economic reform has with only the most intractable of cases. movement, but this right had to be bal- He also warned parents should not auto- left the nation unprepared for the challenges that lie But fathers, who have generally wel- anced against the best interests of the matically have an equal say in where their ahead,” he said. comed the proposals, want their ex-part- child. children live. “Faltering productivity is not good for the economy or ners to be stopped from moving away “It’s that balance ... which causes the Single mothers last week argued before business. It could lead to inflationary pressures and with their children. tension in this area,” he said. the committee the best interests of chil- reduce business profits. “What I’m suggesting ... is a certain Although separating couples should usu- dren should take precedence over any “Another inquiry is no substitute for the productivity onus on the relocating parent to prove his ally agree before one of them leaves, each notion of equal or shared time with par- enhancing reforms that the economy so desperately or ... her case that it would be still in the case was different, he said. ents. needs.” best interest of the child to do so,” Shared “Each case again has to be determined Public hearings into the draft legislation Labor’s urban development spokesman Kim Carr said Parenting Council of Australia president on its own facts.” continue in Canberra tomorrow. the report must look at the growing suburbanisation of Michael Green told a lower house com- Mr Leembruggen said he thought the towns on coastal regions and hinterland regions. mittee probing the legislation today. government’s package would encourage AAP AAP AUGUST 2005 8/26 TO BHMA The Greek Australian VEMA Windows to Orthodoxy Apollinarianism: Challenges to the Faith in Jesus Christ The next great Christological contro- Before cutting himself from the ly man’, Apollinarius essentially believed that rejected the reality of Christ’s incarnation versy arising after Arianism was one connect- Church however, he had been elected bishop Christ had brought his flesh down from heav- within a concrete moment in history. Indeed ed with Apollinarius of Laodicea (310- of Laodicea in 362, and even though others en, something which the Church had never Apollinarius affirmed that: “God is incarnate 390AD). Being the son of a presbyter, he was had also laid claim to this episcopacy, he was previously claimed.2 Rather, it was always from the beginning, and thus the visible and a most learned scholar having a profound ultimately recognized as the rightful bishop for held that the Son of God assumed a body at his tangible body that was born in the last days, knowledge of the ecclesiastical affairs of his the faithful of that city after being acknowl- Incarnation. Now, regarding the unity of the that by human food, grew in gradual incre- day. Furthermore, he was an impressive writer edged by the bishops of Alexandria and Rome. one Christ, Apollinarius stated that Christ ments, that one is the one that existed before producing many volumes of commentaries on The context in which Apollinarius’ teaching could not be considered apart from his body all beings”.6 It is not that the Son of God did the Scriptures and several writings against cer- took shape was in his refutation of particular (not an incorrect claim in and of itself) but in not exist from all eternity, but his Incarnation tain heresies of his time. He even set about, teachings coming from Diodore, a certain doing so, he understated the created human took place within a concrete historical con- together with his father, to render the Bible in presbyter from Antioch (and later bishop of qualities of the body. He wrote: “it is not pos- text and therefore could not be considered a classic Greek form and meter.1 It must be Tarsus) who wrongly taught that the eternal sible to speak separately of the body as creat- timeless historical reality. It is precisely for this remembered that, like his friend, St Athanasius Son of God and the son of Mary were two dis- ed, for it is altogether inseparable from him reason that the Nicene-Constantinopolitan the Great, Apollinarius was staunchly anti- tinct subjects. That is to say, Apollinarius whose body it is, but rather it partakes in the symbol of faith came to state: “and was incar- Arian rejecting any form of subordination or rejected any form of separation in Christ or title of the uncreated”3 nate of the Holy Spirit and the Virgin Mary division of Christ’s being in relation to God that there were two ‘sons’ – the ‘Son of God’ and became human”. That is to say, the Son the Father. And like Athanasius, Apollinarius and the ‘Son of Man’. In so far as Apollinar- This naturally led Apollinarius not to of God always was, but Jesus was not a human was strongly motivated by soteriological ius wanted to assert the absolute unity of the deny the humanity of Christ openly, but being before being born in time from the Vir- concerns and for this reason vehemently one Lord Jesus Christ against any tendency, nonetheless to underestimate it greatly to the gin Mary. Avoiding such speculations, the upheld the unity of Christ’s personhood. How- which wanted to divide or separate his being point of discrediting it. He noted: “Every fathers of the Church simply asserted that the ever, even though he was a devoted support- into two distinct persons, he was right. Yet, as human being is earthly; Christ is not earthly One who appeared on earth as a human being er of the homoousion (that is, that Christ was we shall see, his denial of the presence of a but heavenly: therefore Christ is not a man”.4 was truly divine with exactly the same divini- of the same essence or consubstantial with His human mind in Christ and his assertion that For this reason, in the final analysis, it would ty as God the Father. Furthermore, the Eastern Father), where he affirmed not only the con- Christ’s body pre-existed before the ages not be wrong to see in this statement a denial Orthodox tradition, in the person of St Grego- substantiality of the Son but also of the Holy (and not beginning with Mary at the Incarna- of Christ’s humanity. That Apollinarius did ry the Theologian (of Nazianzus) would claim: Spirit (i.e. that the Son and the Holy Spirit are tion) led to his denunciation by the Church. this to safeguard the unity of ‘the Son of man’ of the same essence as God the Father), his and ‘the Son of God’ is without question, but For we do not part the man teaching nevertheless ultimately came to be It was Apollinarius’ extreme concern in doing so he made Christ so entirely differ- from the divinity, but rather viewed with suspicion in the mid-seventies to uphold the absolute unity of the one ent from, and alien to, humankind and the teach one and the same, for- and he was therefore subsequently con- Christ, that raised suspicion amongst his con- human condition, that he ceased being human. merly not man but God and demned by various councils including the 2nd temporaries, since in doing this, he had made Therefore it could be claimed that, whilst Son only, pre-eternal, Ecumenical Council held in Constantinople in Christ into a ‘heavenly man’thereby stripping Apollinarius did underscore the humanity of unmixed with the body and 381. him of his full created humanity. By ‘heaven- Christ, what was of more importance was the all that belongs to the body, fact that he was a different human being - ‘a and finally man, assumed heavenly man’ thereby ultimately excluding for our salvation, passible in from him a complete humanity - i.e. a human flesh, impassible in divinity, nature including a human nature, mind, will circumscribed in body, un- energy. circumscribed in spirit…7 Clearly for St Gregory the Son of God There are two consequences of this assumed a body and flesh in a concrete histor- teaching: firstly, such an assertion not only ical point in time. blurred the distinction-in-unity between, what one could call the naturally divine and These particular conjectures by human aspects in Christ but equally impor- Apollinarius, regarding the ‘heavenly man’led tant discarded the fully created and finite him to state that Christ did not possess a human qualities. And so this naturally led him human soul since this would supposedly to further contend that the humanity of Christ make him merely human and therefore not in could not be considered apart from his a position to save the world. According to divinity since Christ existed “in the singleness Apollinarius if Christ had a human mind then of a commingled incarnated divine nature”.5 In he would have been captive to polluted such a statement, Apollinarius had rejected the thoughts.8 That is, in order to secure the sin- Christian claim that, in the person of Christ lessness of Christ, Apollinarius excluded from was united both a divine and human nature. Christ a human mind. Furthermore, in order to redeem the world, Christ could not have pos- Secondly, this overtly strong empha- sessed a human mind as this, according to sis on the unity naturally led Apollinarius to Apollinarius could have led Christ not only to state that “the man Christ pre-exists” which AUGUST 2005 The Greek Australian VEMA TO BHMA 9/27 Windows to Orthodoxy

Cont. from previous page other hand, he continued, this principle does not hold true for the spiritual or contemplative do something contrary to the will of God, but world as this can be seen even on a human also taken away his ability to save. level. According to St Gregory, if it is true in our sensory world, that there is enough ‘room’ A second reason as to why Apolli- for our eyes, for example to encompass many narius deprived Christ of a human mind was sights, for our ears to hear many sounds and that two complete realities, for him, could not for our noses to take in many smells, how be united into a single being. That is, a chang- much more so could the Son of God contain ing mind could not exist together with an two nature without one diminishing or eradi- immutable one for they would desire and will cating the other.18 To use another of St Grego- contrary things. That is to say, according to ry’s analogies, the assumption, by Christ of a Apollinarius, two perfect realities could not human nature did not destroy Christ’s human- become one because they would necessarily ity, in the same way that the existence of a drop oppose one another by their respective wills.9 of water in a vast river is not eliminated but And so, for Apollinarius, a human mind in can still be distinguished if need be. So too the Christ would necessarily imply two subjects vast divinity of the Son of God did not elimi- not one.10 Apollinarius could not accept that nate the human mind. Christ was one subject consisting of two natures – a divine and human one. In this would He have not been a real man, but fol- the sins of the people. (Heb To conclude, such a response by St words of St Gregory the Theologian, the Son lowing on from this, He could not save the 2:14-17). Gregory was ultimately what the Scriptures of God consisted, world. As to the real humanity of Jesus, the Clearly the Scriptures, and indeed all official taught, which can be seen from the following of one [thing] and another Gospels and the New Testament Scriptures as doctrinal statements of the Church after the Scriptural text: (Üëëï êáé Üëëï) [i.e. a a whole are entirely clear. For example, the let- Bible, always insisted that the Son of God had who, though he was in the human and divine natu- ter to the Hebrews states: become a real human person sharing the ‘same form of God, did not regard re]… but not one person Since, therefore, the chil- things…in every respect’ like his fellow equality with God as some- and another (ïõê Üëëïò êáé dren share flesh and blood, human beings in order that He may redeem the thing to be exploited, but Üëëïò).11 he himself likewise shared world. St Gregory of Nyssa stated quite emptied himself, taking the That is, divinity and humanity were affirmed the same things, so that emphatically that only “by becoming exactly form of a slave, being born as really existing in one and the same Christ. through death he might what we are, did He unite the human race in human likeness. And Ultimately for Apollinarius, the Son of God destroy the one who has the through Himself to God.”13 Clearly the Ortho- being found in human form, did not become human in the full sense of the power of death, that is, the dox tradition has stressed a real unity of Christ he humbled himself and word since He was deprived of a mind. In his devil, and free those who all with the world. In stating that Christ became a became obedient to the own words, Apollinarius noted: “He is not a their lives were held in slav- human being in the full sense of the word, this point of death—even death man, but like a man, for he is not consubstan- ery by the fear of death. For by not means implied any sin of the part of on a cross (Phil 2:6-9). tial with man in the highest dimension”.12 It it is clear that he did not Jesus Christ. Sin was not part of the origin plan Truly the Son of God united within his person was this mutilation of the humanity of Christ come to help angels, but the that God had for humanity and therefore did both a divine and human nature, which the to which the Patristic tradition had to respond, descendants of Abraham. not constitute a defect in Christ’s humanity. On Council of Chalcedon in 451 would later and it is this that we now turn. Therefore he had to become the contrary, sin in the human condition, took assert was done without confusing the two, like his brothers and sisters away from human beings their integral without transmuting one nature into another, The Orthodox Reaction in every respect, so that he humanity. without dividing them into two separate cate- In responding to Apollinarius, the might be a merciful and gories and without contrasting them according Church quite simply stated that if Christ did faithful high priest in the Apollinarius’ thinking occasioned to their function: not also have a human soul, then not only service of God, to make a the famous response of St Gregory the The- We teach… one and the sacrifice of atonement for ologian in a letter to Cledonius, a presbyter: same Christ, Son, Lord, “whatever is not assumed remains only begotten, known in two unhealed; whatever is united to God is also nature, without confusion, saved”.14 That is to say, Christ could not have without change, without redeemed humanity, if He did not assume division, without separa- humanity entirely, sin apart. If the human mind tion.19 Questions & Answers with its ability to choose was considered the centre from where sin originates, then if Christ Philip Kariatlis Academic Secretary and Associate Lecturer give to Christ, precisely because it is on had not united Himself with this aspect of Is it necessary for the St Andrew’s Greek Orthodox Theological account of Christ, that we honor her. We humanity, then the salvation of humanity Orthodox Church to honor College Q the Virgin so much that Orthodox are faithful to the true Tradition of would not have been fully achieved. Indeed it was precisely by also having his immortal soul some of the people seem to the Church when we place Christ first in our 1 In his ecclesiastical history Sozomen (d. ca 450AD) have more of a dedication to her lives, but do not fail to fulfil the biblical that Christ was able to save the souls of recorded that Apollinarius had rendered the Gospels and 15 than to Christ? expectations when we heed the Virgin Mary’s humankind doomed to death through sin. apostolic writings in the form of Platonic dialogues words which are recorded in the Bible: “For Besides, the Biblical image of Christ is pre- (Ecclesiastical History 3.16). Your question puzzles me. There is behold, henceforth all generations will call sented in terms of a Saviour who was fully 2 J.N.D. Kelly, Early Christian Doctrine, fifth edition man: that is, who developed (Lk 2:52) (London: A & C Black, 1989), 296. nothing in the tradition of our me blessed” (Luke 1:48). Like Elizabeth, her 3 Apollinarius, On the Union in Christ of the Body to the A Church which directs people to kinswoman, when she filled with the Holy showed signs of ignorance of the last day (cf Divinity, 2. honor the Virgin Mary more than Spirit, we cannot fail to say “Blessed are you Mt 24:36), suffered, experienced grief at 4 Anakephalaiosis 4. 16 the honor due to Christ. For exam- among women, and blessed is the fruit of Gethsemane , and underwent all human 5 Fragments 9, cited in John Behr, The Nicene Faith, Part experiences (for example, hunger, thirst etc). 2, Formation of Christian Theology, vol. 2 (Crestwood, ple, in the Divine Liturgy continuous and fre- your womb” (Luke 1:42). NY: SVS Press, 2004), 392. quent mention is made of the Holy Trinity, The Orthodox tradition would claim that in the 6 Fragments 53. Cited in John Behr, The Nicene Faith, Incarnation, the Son of God came to experi- Father, Son and Holy Spirit. One of the ****** 393. hymns characteristically says “Save us, O ence all normal human, physical, emotional 7 St Gregory the Theologian, Letter 101, 4. Son of God, who did rise from the dead who From the Orthodox Church: 455 Questions and intellectual growth but was always over- 8 Fragments 93. Cited in John Behr, The Nicene Faith, and Answers, shadowed by the grace of God who filled 397. sing to you, Alleluia.” Or, read this hymn 9 St Athanasius considered this philosophical axiom by Stanley S. Harakas, published by Light and Him with wisdom and strength (cf Lk 2:40). which is sung at every Divine Liturgy, which Life. which had its origins in Aristotle to be the basic flaw of The freedom to be tempted, as Christ was on Apollinarius’ teaching. immediately follows: “Only-begotten Son If you have any questions about the and Word of God, being immortal, Thou several occasions by the devil (Mt 4:1-11), did 10 Fragments 81. Orthodox faith which you would like not in any way imply that Christ was liable to 11 St Gregory the Theologian, Epistle 101, 5. humbled Thyself for our salvation, taking answered in the VEMA, send them to 12 Ibid, 35. flesh by the holy Mother of God and ever- sin since temptation is quite different from the 13 Against Eunomios 3,10. virgin Mary; Thou became man without sin itself. 14 St Gregory Nazianzus, Letter 101 (The first letter to Vema -Q.&A., change, and were crucified, thereby destroy- Cledonius the Presbyter). 15 Cf ibid, Letter 101, 5. ing death by death; being one of the Holy P.O.Box M59 Marrickville Lastly, the philosophical axiom pur- ported by Apollinarius that two perfect reali- 16 Cf St Mark’s account of Gethsemane: “They went to a Trinity, together glorified with the Father and place called Gethsemane; and he said to his disciples, “Sit the Holy Spirit; save us Christ our God.” This South, ties cannot coalesce into one was flawed since here while I pray.” He took with him Peter and James and such a principle only holds true for the mater- John, and began to be distressed and agitated” (Mk 14:32- hymn not only shows us why the Virgin Mary NSW 2204 is important to us: she is the Mother of our ial world and not the divine. In giving an 33). answer to such a proposal, St Gregory the The- 17 Cf. St Gregory the Theologian, Letter 101. (Obviously Lord! For this she is due honor and great or e-mail them to: the measurements in the above example were changed to respect from the Christians. Our honor of the ologian admitted that in the physical world, it coincide with today’s metric system). Virgin Mary cannot exceed that which we [email protected] is true that 1000mls of water, for example can- 18 Ibid. not be contained in a 600ml bottle.17 On the 19 Definition of Chalcedon (4th Ecumenical Council). AUGUST 2005 10/28 TO BHMA The Greek Australian VEMA

IMMIGRATION, CULTURE AND GAMBLING A GREEK COMMUNITY PERSPECTIVE (excerpt from a paper presented by the NSW identified the Greek community as having the social mobility, the experience is not without in 1998 have helped with our understanding of Greek Welfare Centre at the National 3rd highest incidence of problem gambling loss and not without nostalgia. the attraction to problem gambling in the ethnic Association for Gambling Studies Conference, among ethnic communities after the Chinese For migrants, success is highly valued and is communities. November 2004). and Vietnamese communities. measured in material assets and tertiary educa- ‘They highlight that when stress levels are ele- tion of children. Success compensates for the vated due to factors associated with accultura- Gambling in the Greek community Migration and gambling losses of migration and reflects well on the tion, gambling may be used as an escape.’ Sydney, July 2004, Greece had just won the The issues for a problem gambler of Greek individual and the family. The culture reflects a ‘Euro 2004’ soccer title. The media was full background and their families are similar to any collectivist perspective where group values and Problem gambling assistance and support of stories of the euphoria of this win, both other problem gambler. However, for a Greek needs have precedence over individual needs. For the majority of people, gambling is a form within the Greek community, and the broader person migration and cultural issues compound Conversely, the family shares failure. If a per- of entertainment and they can stop after win- Australian community. One of the radio the experience. son ‘doesn’t make it’ as a migrant, this is ning or losing once they feel they have spent an reporters on the ABC was interviewing a Migration to Australia is seen as a way to a viewed as failure. adequate amount of time enjoying themselves. young Greek man at the celebrations in better life for oneself and one’s family. Success The person feels humiliation and they ‘lose While wins are hoped for, the underlying Brighton Le-Sands. The reporter asked ‘what as a migrant is measured largely by the acquisi- face in the community’. The family also shares expectancy is to lose. are you going to do now, after all this cele- tion of material assets and a good education for this. Another factor, which impacts on the life Problem gambling is generally defined as loss brating?’ The young man’s response was: the children. When this does not happen, the of a migrant, is the resettlement process and of control over gambling behaviour. This has a ‘I’m going to collect my fifteen grand mate, I person perceives themselves as a failure, and how the host community received them. negative impact on an individuals’ finances, bet $100 when Greece was 150 –1 odds to are also judged by others in this way. Where Limited English, poor knowledge of services family, relationships, work, general health and win!’ gambling is the cause, the stigma is strong and and systems and often a hostile reception from well-being. Culture, language and role of fami- ‘The Greeks have a reputation for being ded- the gambler and his/her family will go to the host community, has reinforced the feelings ly are integral components for appropriate icated gamblers… This is seen in organized extreme lengths to cover up the problem. of ‘living in a foreign land’, of being foreign. interventions when working with problem card games in special gambling rooms, in cafes, Migration for many Greek people means liv- To counter these feelings, Greek migrants gamblers. This is the particularly relevant for casinos and the national lottery… ‘Nick the ing a life as a foreigner. In Greek this is referred have been persistent in trying to retain their cul- people of culturally and linguistically diverse Greek’- America’s most famous gambler… to as ‘XENITIA’. This experience has strong ture and religion especially in relation to fami- backgrounds and needs to be incorporated into was a loser more often than he was a winner’ connotations of bitterness, grief and enforced ly and community. Of paramount importance is the counselling process. In addition the experi- (Sifakis, 1990). separation. This is on top of a longing for the the role of the family, the name and honour of ence of migration also needs to be recognised In Australia in the early 1900’s, there is a story homeland and the loved ones left behind. Often the family. The individual’s ability to meet fam- and acknowledged. about Nikos Kallinikos who migrated to there is also the intention of one-day returning ily obligations will also reflect success and In order to help resolve the dilemma and Adelaide, worked in coffee houses, quickly dis- to the birthplace. good community standing. make changes in their thinking and behaviour, covered that gambling could earn him a better Politis (1985) states ‘Xenitia, orphan hood, Traditions, rituals and social customs are an a person with problem gambling can benefit living and devoted himself fulltime to this. bitterness and love, they weighed all four, the important channel for passing on ‘the culture’. from counselling and other support such as Nikos made gambling his living and travelled heaviest was the foreign land’. As an example of social customs, many Greek groups. They would also need to learn to iden- all around Australia (Melbourne, Kalgoorlie, The motivation therefore to migrate was for men would frequent ‘coffee houses’ also tify the situations which put them at risk of cane fields of Queensland, the Northern the good of the family and the needs of the indi- known as ‘kafenia’. Here they would have a gambling e.g. do they gamble when they are Territory and Sydney). vidual were secondary. For some people leav- coffee, talk and play cards. For young men, in worried or depressed. They may need to learn More recently in Australia, a report by ing their country was not their choice. Even particular this was a means of overcoming their alternative skills to help them cope with stress Cultural Partners Australia Consortium (2000), when migration has resulted in economic and isolation and frustrations of resettlement. and depression and improve their communica- This poem by Elias Bizannes (Café- Habitues) tion with loved ones. highlights the role of ‘kafenia’ in the lives of A really important aspect in supporting a per- these men. son with problem gambling is to improve their ‘When you want to learn news from your self esteem because usually their gambling has homeland…. left them feeling unworthy and hopeless. Where will you find your compatriots, where With counselling and support, a person who else – in the café? wants to stop gambling can be helped to And when you want some conversation and to explore the role of gambling in their life, as well drink a cup of coffee as any underlying emotional pain. In addition Where will you go and take a seat? Where they can learn new skills in communication and else in the café. how to manage their stress or anger. In this way In the café, all together we while our time they can change their attitudes and behaviour away and with coffee thick and sweet we and subsequently achieve their goals. extinguish our longing.’ The Greek Welfare Centre’s Gambling For the men the ‘kafenia’ represented a safe, Services Project provides counselling and sup- friendly, social venue but where over time port for individuals and families affected by many men also developed problem gambling. problem gambling. This is a free and confiden- It was not too different from family gatherings tial service funded by the NSW Government and festive occasions in Greece where men from the Casino Community Benefit Fund. played backgammon and cards and the winner shouted drinks. This was socially and cultural- For further information please contact the Greek ly acceptable. Over time, however, many men Welfare Centre of NSW on (02) 9516 2188. developed problem gambling, as the notion of social gambling became more confusing with References gambling taking up more time and more money ABC – 702 Sydney radio segment being spent. Beattie, L., Blaszczynski, A. ,Maccallum, F. and Joukhador, For women they (the kafenia) became a J ‘Gambling problems in a Multicultural Society’, NAGS conference 1999 source of anguish and suffering where the loss- Blaszczynski, A., Wilson , A., and McConaghy, N. ( 1986) es of problem gambling were attributed. ‘Sensation seeking and pathological gambling behaviour ‘, Women and families were also affected by the an APS position paper, Australian Psychologist, 34, (4-16). impact of problem gambling on their finances, Cultural Partners Consortium – ‘The impact of gaming on Specific cultural groups’ prepared for the Victorian Casino relationships, physical and mental health. and Gaming Authority, Feb 2000 Greek Welfare Centre Gambling Services Project Migration, stress and gambling Politis, N. (1985)‘Selection from the songs of Greek peo- “Stress reactions during the process of accul- ple’, Athens turation can lead to confusion, anxiety, depres- Sifakis, C. (1990) ‘The Encyclopaedia of Gambling’, Facts of File Inc, North Ryde, NSW Australia, (141-142) sion and feelings of marginality and alienation’. Trevorrow, K. and Moore , S. (1998) ‘The association (Williams and Berry, 1991) between loneliness, social isolation and women’s electron- ‘These factors have also been identified as ic gaming machine gambling’ Journal of gambling Studies, contributing to the development of problem 14, 261-84 Williams, C. L. and Berry, J. (1991) ’Primary prevention of gambling.’ (Beattie et al, 1999). acculturative stress among refugees, application of psycho- Studies by Blaszczynski, Wilson and logical theory and practice’, American Psychologist, 46, McConaghy in 1986 and Trevorrow and Moore 632-41 AUGUST 2005 The Greek Australian VEMA TO BHMA 11/29

The Holy Eucharist Rev. Thomas Fitzgerald text to be studied, but rather an experience of truly a eucharistic liturgy but rather an evening now and for ever more." With these words we communion with the Living God in which Vesper Service followed by the distribution of are reminded that in the Divine Liturgy the "We knew not whether we were in heaven or prayer , music, gestures, the material creation, Holy Communion reserved from the previous Church becomes a real manifestation of God's on earth, for surely there is no such splendor art and architecture come into full orchestra- Sunday. This liturgy is celebrated only on Kingdom on earth. or beauty anywhere on earth. We cannot tion. The Eucharist is a celebration of faith weekday mornings or evenings during Lent, Since the first part of the Liturgy was describe it to you; we only know that God which touches not only the mind but also the and on Monday, Tuesday, and Wednesday of designed originally for the Catechumens, dwells there among men and that their Service emotions and the senses. Holy Week, when the full Eucharist is not per- those being schooled in the faith, had a very surpasses the worship of all other places..." Throughout the centuries, Christians have mitted because of its Resurrection spirit. The instructive quality. seen many dimensions in the Eucharist. The Eucharist expresses the deep joy which is so The Eucharist also has elements which are in In the latter part of the tenth century, various titles which have come to describe the central to the Gospel. common with other Services. We gather as Vladimir the Prince of Kiev sent envoys to rite bear witness to the richness of its meaning. The Divine Liturgy is properly celebrated Christians who share a common faith in the various Christian centers to study their form of The Eucharist has been known as the Holy only once a day. This custom serves to empha- Holy Trinity. We sing and pray as a people worship. These are the words the envoys offering, the Holy Mysteries, the Mystic Sup- size and maintain the unity of the local con- united in Christ, who are not bound by time, uttered when they reported their presence at per, and the Holy Communion. gregation. The Eucharist is always the princi- space, or social barriers. the celebration of the Eucharist in the Great The Orthodox Church recognizes the many pal Service on Sundays and Holy Days and The Little Entrance is the central action of the Church of Holy Wisdom in Constantinople. facets of the Eucharist and wisely refuses to may be celebrated on other weekdays. first part of the Liturgy. A procession takes The profound experience expressed by the over-emphasize one element to the detirement However, the Divine Liturgy is not celebrat- place in which the priest carries the Book of Russian envoys has been one shared by many of the others. In so doing, Orthodoxy has clear- ed by the priest privately, without a congrega- Gospels from the sanctuary into the nave. throughout the centuries who have witnessed ly avoided reducing the Eucharist to a simple tion. The Eucharist is usually celebrated in the The procession directs our attention to the for the first time the beautiful and inspiring memorial of the Last Supper which is only morning but, with the Bishop's blessing, may Scripture and to the presence of Christ in the Divine Liturgy of the Orthodox Church. occasionally observed. be offered in the evening. Gospel. The entrance leads to the Epistle les- The Holy Eucharist is the oldest experience Following the teachings of both Scripture son, the Gospel, and the Sermon. of Christian Worship as well as the most dis- and Tradition, the Orthodox Church believes THE ACTIONS OF THE LITURGY tinctive. Eucharist comes from the Greek word that Christ is truly present with His people in THE LITURGY OF THE FAITHFUL which means thanksgiving. In a particular the celebration of the Holy Eucharist. The The Divine Liturgy may be divided into two sense, the word describes the most important Eucharistic gifts of bread and wine become for major parts: the Liturgy of the Catechumens In the early Church, only those who were form of the Church's attitude toward all of life. us His Body and His Blood. We affirm that and the Liturgy of the Faithful, which are pre- baptized and not in a state of sin were permit- The origin of the Eucharist is traced to the Last these Holy Gifts are transfigured into the first ceded by the Service of Preparation. ted to remain for this most solemn part of the Supper at which Christ instructed His disciples fruits of the New Creation in which ultimately Although there are many symbolic interpre- Liturgy. With the Great Entrance marking the to offer bread and wine in His memory. The God will be "all in all". tations of the Divine Liturgy, the most funda- beginning of this part of the Liturgy, the offer- Eucharist is the most distinctive event of mental meaning is found in the actions and ing of bread and wine is brought by the priest Orthodox worship because in it the Church THREE LITURGIES prayers. from the Preparation Table, through the nave, gathers to remember and celebrate the Life, and to the Altar Table. Death, and Resurrection of Christ and, there- As it is celebrated today, the Divine Liturgy THE SERVICE OF PREPARATION Before the offering can proceed, however, by, to participate in the mystery of Salvation. is a product of historical development. The Prior to the beginning of the Liturgy, the we are called upon to love one another so that In the Orthodox Church, the Eucharist is fundamental core of the liturgy dates from the priest prepares himself with prayer and then we may perfectly confess our faith. In the early also known as the Divine Liturgy. The word time of Christ and the Apostles. To this, precedes to vest himself. The vestments Church, the Kiss of Peace was exchanged at liturgy means people's work; this description prayers, hymns, and gestures have been added express his priestly ministry as well as his this point. serves to emphasize the corporate character of throughout the centuries. The liturgy achieved office. Next, the priest goes to the Proskomide After the symbolic kiss of Peace, we join the Eucharist. When an Orthodox attends the a basic framework by the ninth century. Table which is on the left side of the Altar together in professing our Faith through the Divine Liturgy, it is not as an isolated person There are three forms of the Eucharist Table in the Sanctuary. There, he prepares the words of the Creed. who comes simply to hear a sermon. presently in use in the Orthodox Church: offering of bread and wine for the Liturgy. Ide- Only now can we properly offer our gifts of Rather, he comes as a member of the Com- ally, the leavened loaves of bread, and the wine bread and wine to the Father as our Lord munity of Faith who participates in the very 1. The Liturgy of St. John Chrysostom, which from which the offering is taken, are prepared directed us to do in His memory. purpose of the Church, which is the Worship is the most frequently celebrated. by members of the congregation. The ele- This offering is one of great joy, for through of the Holy Trinity. Therefore, the Eucharist is 2. The Liturgy of St. Basil the Great, which is ments are presented to the priest before the ser- it we remember the mighty actions of God truly the center of the life of the Church and celebrated only ten times a year. vice, together with the names of those persons, through which we have received the gift of sal- the principal means of spiritual development, 3. The Liturgy of St. James which is celebrat- living and dead, who are to be remembered vation, and especially the Life, Death, and both for the individual Christian and the ed on October 23, the feastday of the Saint. during the Divine Liturgy. The offering sym- Resurrection of Christ. We invoke the Holy Church as a whole. Not only does the bolically represents the entire Church gathered Spirit upon ourselves and upon our offering, Eucharist embody and express the Christian While these saints did not compose the entire about Christ, the Lamb of God. asking the Father that they become for us the faith in a unique way, but it also enhances and liturgy which bears their names, it is probable Body and Blood of Christ. deepens our faith in the Trinity. This sacra- that they did author many of the prayers. The THE LITURGY Through our thanking and remembering the ment-mystery is the experience toward which structure and basic elements of the three litur- OF THE CATECHUMENS Holy Spirit reveals the presence of the Risen all the other activities of the Church are direct- gies are similar, although there are differences Christ in our midst. ed and from which they receive their direction. in some hymns and prayers. The Divine Liturgy begins with the solemn The priest comes from the altar with the Holy The Eucharist, the principal sacrament mys- In addition to these Liturgies, there is also the declaration: "Blessed be the Kingdom of the Gifts, inviting the congregation to draw near tery of the Orthodox Church, is not so much a Liturgy of the Pre-Sanctified Gifts. This is not Father and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit with reverence of God, with faith, and with love." Our sharing in the Eucharist Gifts not only expresses our fellowship with one another, but also our unity with the Father in His Kingdom. Individuals approach the Holy Gifts and receive the Eucharistic bread and wine from the common chalice. The priest distributes the Holy Gifts by means of a communion spoon. Since the Holy Com- munion is an expression of our Faith, recep- tion of the Holy Gifts is open only to those who are baptized, chrismated, and practicing members of the Orthodox Church. The Liturgy comes to an end with prayer of Thanksgiving and the Benediction. At the con- clusion of the Eucharist, the congregation comes forward to receive a portion of the litur- gical bread which was not used for the offer- ing.

Copyright: © 1983-1996 Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America Department of Religious Education AUGUST 2005 12/30 TO BHMA The Greek Australian VEMA Health HEALTH Polymyalgia Rheumatica Who does PMR affect? putting on a coat. Therefore, the patient on treatment for Polymyalgia Rheumatica affects people Along with the symptoms of proximal pain Polymyalgia Rheumatica requires close moni- NEWS between the ages of 60-70. It is rare under 50 and stiffness, the patient with Polymyalgia toring by their general practitioner to avoid WITH DR. THEO PENKLIS * years of age. It is more common in women Rheumatica may also have generalised symp- adverse effects from medication and to aim to compared with men by approximately 2:1 and toms such as fever, malaise, anorexia, weight control the symptoms with the smallest effec- is more common in Caucasians. Polymyalgia loss and sometimes depression. tive dose. Polymyalgia Rheumatica often called PMR is Rheumatica is not a common condition, but it In Polymyalgia Rheumatica the inflamma- Complications an inflammatory rheumatic disorder which is by no means rare,approximately one in two tion involves the muscles and so there is no Some people who develop Polymyalgia affects older people. Poly of course means hundred people may develop Polymyalgia joint pain. Rheumatica may go on to develop a potential- ‘many’ and myalgia means ‘painful muscle’. Rheumatica. The diagnosis of Polymyalgia Rheumatica ly dangerous complication called Giant Cell Therefore, people with Polymyalgia Rheumat- Symptoms of Polymyalgia Rheumatica As Polymyalgia Rheumatica is an inflam- Arteritis or Temporal Arteritis which causes ica complain of rheumatic type pain in many The main symptoms of Polymyalgia matory condition, it responds to a powerful inflammation of the arteries including the tem- of their muscles. The muscles involved are the Rheumatica are what doctors call ‘proximal antiinflammatory agent known as cortisone, or poral artery in the head. This condition causes muscles of the neck, shoulder and hip area. muscle pains’. That is, pain in the muscles in more specifically Prednisone. Patients feel irreversible blindness due to inflammation in The onset of Polymyalgia Rheumatica the neck, shoulders, hips and upper thighs. dramatically better within forty eight hours of the arteries which supply the eye. Therefore Polymyalgia Rheumatica can come on grad- These pains are associated with early morning taking the medication. The dose of Prednisone patients with Polymyalgia Rheumatica who ually , but sometimes it may come on sudden- stiffness. This stiffness is often worse upon is decreased as the symptoms come under con- report throbbing headache, scalp tenderness ly appearing over one or two weeks. It has waking or prolonged inactivity. trol. However, it is usually necessary to take and disturbance of vision need urgent atten- been known to occur following a flu-like ill- The patient will usually describe difficulty this medication for many months and some- tion. This condition is completely treatable and ness. getting out of bed, difficulty walking up and times it may be necessary to take it for two or usually requires higher doses of corticos- The cause of Polymyalgia Rheumatica down stairs, difficulty getting up from chairs, more years. Cortisone has a number of side teroids. The cause of Polymyalgia Rheumatica is not or getting in and out of cars particularly if they effects which include weight gain, high blood *The information given in this article is of a gener- known. It is thought to be an autoimmune have been in the car for a long period. pressure, swelling and a cushingoid appear- reaction of the body against its own muscle tis- al nature and readers should seek advice from their Often the person with Polymyalgia Rheumati- ance. Other side effects can include peptic own medical practitioner before embarking on any sue, causing a strong inflammatory reaction. ca may have difficulty combing their hair or ulcers and diabetes. treatment.

By Mina Candalepas* Psychologist MAPS Mental Health Reg NSW PS0057198 Understanding Bi Polar Disorder ing Bi Polar Disorder. One includes hereditary factors, where there is a history of the disorder in the family. Environmental Many of us have heard the term Bi Polar Disorder, it is used and social factors such as extremely stressful life events or rela- to describe a condition someone is suffering or a label possibly tionships can also trigger the onset of Bi Polar Disorder. Please correctly or in many cases incorrectly ascribed to a particular note, that stress as an independent variable has not been found person. Bi Polar Disorder, previously known as Manic Depres- to cause Bi Polar Disorder. sive Illness, is a term that the majority of people misunderstand How can Bi Polar Disorder be managed? and avoid, as is the case with many mental health problems, in Bi Polar Disorder is a condition that can be managed with fear of been labelled as crazy. appropriate psychiatric treatment. Bi Polar Disorder affects up to 1.5% of the population, occur- When a person comes to understand that something is wrong ring in late adolescence/early adulthood and generally continues or that they are experiencing some of the symptoms described throughout ones life. above, it can be difficult for them to accept, impacting greatly on What is Bi Polar Disorder? their sense of self and self esteem. It is important to understand Bi Polar Disorder is a mental illness that affects the way a per- however, that treatment is available and in many cases very suc- son thinks, feels and behaves. People with Bi Polar Disorder cessful in managing symptoms. find it difficult to function in one or more areas of their lives, for The most successful treatment for Bi Polar Disorder includes a example in interpersonal relationships, work/education or self combination of medication that facilitates stabilising a person's care. Educational and/or work functioning may be significantly mood in close consultation with a treating psychiatrist. Psycho- disrupted during times of crisis and individuals with Bi Polar logical intervention can also help people to cope better with their Disorder may be unable to finish school or hold down a job. Bi symptoms, reducing stress and helping them gain control over Polar Disorder generally occurs in periodic episodes, between their lives. Some people benefit from intensive case manage- which a person can resume to normal functioning. ment and structured rehabilitation programs which assist in Bi Polar Disorder is characterised by severe mood swings, dealing with day to day areas of functioning. where a person swings between periods where they feel Families can also benefit from psycho social education and extremely elated to periods where they feel significantly down. family therapy, which provides education on the illness as well These periods of elation are generally referred to as manic as stress management strategies. episodes and the lows are referred to as depressive episodes. Who can you contact for help? Common symptoms of manic episodes include: It is crucial that people with Bi Polar Disorder get treatment as l Feeling extraordinarily happy or excessively high soon as possible. If they are having suicidal or homicidal l Inappropriate and/or excessive increases in energy levels thoughts, it is imperative that treatment is sought immediately l Deterioration in a person's ability to judge situations realisti- by contacting, the Area Mental Health Crisis Team, their GP cally. Examples of this include, extreme levels of over spending, then 000. The Greek Australian involvement in risky behaviours, grandiose plans or beliefs, such as believing that one has extraordinary talents or an unre- For more information or a referral to a psychiatrist, call your local alistic belief in ones powers GP. Your local Psychologist or the Australian Psychological Soci- VEMA l Rapid thoughts where a person jumps from one idea to anoth- ety (APS) Referral Service on 1800 333 497, may also be able to er provide you with more information. l Rapid speech l Inability to concentrate References: For your advertisements l Irritability APS Website: www.psychology.org.au/psych/consult/2.10_3.asp l Impulsivity Bi Polar Disorder. contact Maria Jianni l Reactivity DSM IV, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: l Hyperarousal Bipolar Disorders. Fourth Edition, American Psychiatric Associa- l Significantly reduced sleep tion, Washington DC. P350 -363. or Dimitris Ventouris Common symptoms of depressive episodes include: Mina Candalepas is a Registered Psychologist. She is the sole l Overwhelming feelings of sadness on (02) 9559 7022 director of a Clinical Private Practice in the Campsie Profession- l Decreased concentration al Medical Practice, Sydney NSW. Her particular speciality is in l Loss of appetite trauma and chronic pain management and she also provides psy- Fax: (02) 9559 7033 l Feelings of hopelessness or pessimism chological therapy for depression, anxiety, work-place issues l Feelings of guilt and/or injuries, relationship issues, self esteem and grief. E-mail: l Thoughts of death/suicide Therapy is conducted in either English or Greek. All services are What causes Bi Polar Disorder? by appointment ONLY and strictly confidential. Her contact details [email protected] Research has identified a number of contributing factors caus- are Tel (02) 9591 7714, Mob 0410 493 806. AUGUST 2005 The Greek Australian VEMA TO BHMA 13/31

GREEK ORTHODOX ARCHDIOCESE OF AUSTRALIA ST ANDREW’S GREEK ORTHODOX THEOLOGICAL COLLEGE

ENQUIRIES AND APPLICATIONS WELCOME MASTER OF ARTS IN THEOLOGICAL STUDIES assigned units will be distinct for each category of student. This is a graduate level program intended for both men and Applicants who possess a previous three-year degree or its St Andrew’s was established in 1986 by the Greek Orthodox women who wish to prepare themselves for church service equivalent are eligible for admission. There are several entry Archdiocese of Australia in order to provide tertiary level outside the ordained ministry in such fields as religious edu- and exit points for students, and each is appropriate to the education and training of Christian Orthodox clergy, theolo- cation, or who would benefit professionally from a formal needs, interests, prior study and academic abilities of the stu- gians, lay teachers and ministers in order to meet the cate- qualification in theological studies. It is also appropriate for dent. The program of studies is also open to those who have chetical and pastoral needs of the Orthodox Church in those seeking personal enrichment. Men or women who hold completed an undergraduate degree in theology but with a Australia. It is also intended to be a centre of ecumenical a three-year tertiary qualification in a non-theological disci- weak or minimal pastoral component. scholarship and learning. pline can formally enrol into this program. BASIC CLINICAL PASTORAL EDUCATION (CPE) St Andrew’s is fully accredited through the Sydney College of The MATS program requires the completion of 12 units. IN AGED CARE Divinity, a federation of Christian theological education However, students may exit with a Graduate Diploma of Arts This unique 30-week/400-hour course offers male and female providers. All the awards and degrees of the Sydney College in Theological Studies (8 units) or a Graduate Certificate in trainees the opportunity to learn from their own pastoral inter- of Divinity are approved by the NSW Department of Theological Studies (4 units). actions with residents in an aged care setting (St Basil’s Education and Training. Homes, Lakemba NSW), using the action-reflection method Units within the MATS are available to external non-award of supervised pastoral training under the guidance and St Andrew’s offers the following accredited awards: students and auditors. Auditors may receive a College instruction of CPE accredited mentors. It is offered through Testamur after satisfactorily participating in four foundation- the Rozelle Centre for Clinical Pastoral Education and com- BACHELOR OF THEOLOGY and HONOURS al units. prises shorter CPE courses situated at Canterbury Hospital The BTh degree is a primary qualification in theology and is and the Royal Rehabilitation Centre, Ryde. the basis for further study at postgraduate level. It is a com- Units are offered by one-week intensives during summer and prehensive three-year course combining both theological and winter school holidays as well as by regular weekly lectures MASTER OF THEOLOGY practical studies. during each semester. The schedule of intensives for 2006 is The MTh is a degree by coursework. Eligible students may as follows: Introducing Theology (9-13 January) Introduction undertake this award after the completion of the BTh. At pre- At present, the BTh serves as the principle means of training to Biblical Hermeneutics (16-20 January) Exploring the sent, St Andrew’s only offers units within the specialisation men for ordination or active ministry within the Church and Patristic Mind II (3-7 July) History of the Orthodox Churches area of Theology. as such admission to this program is limited to persons aspir- Since 1453 (10-14 July). ing to this end. Such persons are also expected to complete a St Andrew's is located at 242 Cleveland Street, Redfern NSW. fourth year of study in either the Master of Arts in Pastoral MASTER OF ARTS IN PASTORAL MINISTRY Persons interested in obtaining more information about any Ministry program (see below) or the BTh Honours program The MAPM is a specialised program of graduate level study of the programs outlined above are invited to contact the as part of their overall education and training. in preparation for ordination or active ministry within the Registrar via email at [email protected] or by phone Church, especially in the area of pastoral care for the aged. Its on (02) 9319 6145 during office hours. The College's website Discreet units within the BTh may be available to external program of study is broad enough to serve both candidates for is located as www.sagotc.edu.au. non-award students and auditors upon consultation with the the priesthood as well as men and women seeking a formal Registrar. qualification in pastoral care, although the sequence of

College Library His Eminence delivering a lecture during the summer intensive course, January 2005. AUGUST 2005 14/32 TO BHMA The Greek Australian VEMA

Peasants declared their farm Sydney ranked world’s best city Independent State

In world History, we have heard of many they are not willing to pay any more taxes. oppressed peasants, who stood up for them- In fact, they decided to inform the Australian selves asking for the abolition of taxes, more tax office they would never pay taxes again, privileges or the redistribution of land in order even sending a letter to the competent agency, The Sydney Opera House and Harbor Bridge are two of the city’s best-known landmarks to live a better life. In Australia however, a signed by the younger son “His Royal High- Australia’s biggest city, Sydney, has launched 10 years ago. family of farmers went too far. ness, Little Joseph Rigoli.” again been named the world’s best city She said smaller, independent hotels now The protagonists of our story are the Rigoli “I do not recognise nor will I ever recognise by readers of the U.S. magazine Travel held more appeal than larger ones, and interest family with their farm and the Australian gov- the government of Australia,” read the letter, and Leisure. in off-the-beaten-track locations continued to ernment, to which the Rigolis refused to pay which the ATO did not find funny and thus It is the eighth time in 10 years that Sydney, grow. Crystal Cruises was named world’s best taxes. decided to take the entire royal family to court. known for its iconic Opera House, harbor large-ship cruise line and Singapore Airlines Father Virgilio Rigoli declared his property During the preliminary hearing, it was bridge and stunning beaches, has topped the took the title of world’s best international air- an independent kingdom, which he even revealed that the family earned $6.9 million list. line. Novogrod said low-cost and regional air- named “Principality of Ponderosa” thus between 1991 and 2000, a fact that justifies It was followed by the Thai capital Bangkok lines had become favorites among U.S. declaring himself Prince of Ponderosa. The their decision to come up with this way to in second place, with Italy’s Rome and Flo- domestic airlines, with Midwest Airlines rank- “Prince” supported by his two sons, avoid paying taxes. rence in third and fourth places respectively. ing No. 1. announced the ATO (Australian Tax Office) It all started on July 4, 1994, when the Rigo- The northern Thai city of Chiang Mai made its In the top islands ranking, Bali was followed lis issued their own Declaration of Indepen- first appearance in the top 10, placing fifth. by Santorini, Maui, Kauai, Great Barrier Reef dence, which was even posted on the Internet, New York ranked sixth, followed by Istanbul Islands (Australia), Vancouver Island, For the and then erected high fences around the 24- in Turkey, Cape Town in South Africa, Oaxa- Cyclades (Greece - Santorini was rated sepa- hectare kingdom. ca in Mexico and San Francisco. rately), Sicily, Hawaii, and Mount Desert However, they didn’t stop there, as a self- Travel and Leisure magazine announced the Island, Maine. bibliophiles... respecting kingdom should have its own 2005 results in a variety of categories in New Among the best hotels, Singita Private trench and the princes even run passport York recently. The scores are indexed aver- Reserve at Sabi Sand, South Africa ranked Greek gold: Jewellery checks to those coming in an out of the Prin- ages of responses by readers to a questionnaire second, followed by the Oberoi Rajvilas in of the Classical world cipality of Ponderosa. that asks them to rate destinations, properties Jaipur, India. By Dyfri Williams and Jack Ogden Justifying their stance, the three “princes” and companies relevant to their recent travel. Eight hotels have ranked on the list of top (Trustees of the British Museum) told the court Ponderosa was a manifestation Bali again won the award for the world’s best 100 hotels worldwide every year since 1996. of their resentment towards the Department of island, with the Four Seasons Resort Bali at They are the Four Seasons Resort Bali at Jim- A large format, softcover catalogue, full Agriculture for bulldozing their fruit crop. Sayan being voted by readers as the world’s baran Bay; the Oriental, Bangkok; the Haleku- of colour photos that, in the best tradition of The court is yet to issue a ruling, as the pro- best hotel. lani, Hawaii; the Peninsula, Hong Kong; Four museum catalogues, leave you wishing to cedure continues, while it yet remains The magazine’s editor-in-chief, Nancy Seasons Resort Maui at Wailea; Ritz-Carlton have a closer look a the real objects. The unknown whether the royal family will be fine Novogrod, said there had been significant Cancun; Ritz-Carlton, Chicago; and the Inn at publication records and celebrates a 1994 with royal penalties. changes in readers’ taste since the survey was Spanish Bay, Pebble Beach, California. exhibition of close to 200 pieces of Greek jewellery of the Classical period, from the Greek mainland and islands, the East Greek cities, North Pontic cities, the Greek cities of southern Italy and of Sicily, and Cyprus, Egypt and the Eastern Mediter- ranean. The jewellery presented is to be found in the collections of The State Her- mitage Museum in St. Petersburg, the Met- END OF YEAR TAX RETURNS ropolitan Museum of Art in New York, and the British Museum. CAMPERWELL TAXATION SERVICE Greek traditional jewelry By Angelos Delivorrias (Benaki Museum, MOBILE ACCOUNTANTS “Melissa” Publishing House)

Written by the Director of the Benaki PERSONAL TAX RETURNS FROM $50 Museum in Athens, this book builds upon earlier studies, including Popi Zora’s COMPANY/ TRUST TAX RETURNS Embroidery and Jewelry in the Greek Cos- tume. The introduction outlines the materi- FROM $300 als and techniques of post-Byzantine Greek jewellery, who would have owned the BAS/ BOOKEEPING pieces, how the styles spread throughout Greece, as well as the characteristic designs FROM $50 of the pieces themselves. The book’s repro- ductions of paintings and photographs showing women in folk costume are as equally intriguing as the photographs of the (Prices GST excl) individual jewellery objects (some of which are on display at Sydney’s Power- house Museum until 4 September, and then Melbourne’s Immigration Museum from CALL JOHN ON: (03) 9808 0386 / 0414 521 972 October, 2005). HIGHEST QUALITY SERVICE AT REASONABLE RATES A.C. 114500 AUGUST 2005 The Greek Australian VEMA TO BHMA 15/33 Health CLINICAL INSIGHTS INTO HEALTH AND NATURAL SOLUTIONS

in these cold rooms. Wall-to-wall carpeting adhesives and plastic industry, rubber resins blackcurrants, fresh vegies like shallots, stays on the floors all year round. People used from paint; textile cleaner’s fumes and dry onions, garlic (you may have to be careful to take their carpets up in the warm months cleaning chemicals may also be a major risk with some fruits and vegies if you are sensitive and have them cleaned. Vacuuming does not factor. to salicylates) BY CHRISTINA SCALONE* get rid of dust mites or other allergens in car- Asthma can be difficult to diagnose conclu- r Decrease your intake of salt. There is strong BHSc, Dip. Bot. Med, Dip. peting. sively. Its symptoms may resemble those of evidence that increased salt intake increases Hom, Dip. Nut Energy-efficient homes, with double-paned other diseases of respiratory system. bronchial reactivity. windows and good insulation, mean that the To diagnose asthma from other conditions, a A long term trial showed that 92% of sub- humidity and temperature go up inside the physician may recommend blood tests, chest jects benefited significantly from a vegan diet ASTHMA house. x-rays, and spirometry (a procedure that mea- (a diet that eliminates all animal products Dust mites thrive in warm, humid places. sures air breathed into and out of the lungs). A except fish which was allowed). Asthma is primar- Mould also grows best in damp conditions. proper diagnosis and treatment can prevent lot ily an inflammatory Detergents allow washing in cold or hot water. of complications associated with asthma. Nutritional supplements useful in asthma: respiratory condi- Cold water washes allow dust mites to survive It is important that a broad spectrum of tion triggered by in our sheets, blankets and small rugs. Recommendations for easing asthma: antioxidant protection is included in the man- different stimuli. These do not survive in hot water washes. agement of asthma as they strongly inhibit Asthma sufferers People are spending more time indoors and DO NOT STOP YOUR ASTHMA MEDICA- inflammatory responses which cause airway experience breath- are thus more exposed to dust mites, mould, TIONS OR START ANY OTHER TREAT- swelling and mucus production. Some exam- ing restriction due animal fur and other indoor allergens. MENT WITHOUT PROFESSIONAL ples: to a partial block- Forests have been cut down and replaced ADVICE. r Vitamin A - necessary for the general health age of the airways. with crops or open land. Ragweed and grasses of the lungs. Inflammation of the airways leads to spasm grow in these open spaces and thus more aller- The first step in the natural approach to asth- r Vitamin B complex - to avoid deficiency of the bronchi (the airway tubes), swelling of gy-causing pollen is carried by the wind. ma is to reduce the allergic threshold by avoid- symptoms of nervousness which might bring the mucous lining of the lungs and excessive ing airborne and food allergens. on an attack production of a thick, viscous mucous (as r Changes in diet Sources of airborne allergens have been men- r Vitamin B6 - helps prevent and treat asth- shown in the diagram below). The blockage is r Food additives tioned above. matic symptoms characterised by wheezing, coughing and r Genetic manipulation of plants resulting in Many asthmatics have food sensitivities to r Vitamin B12 - is good for the treatment of excessive mucous production. food components with greater allergenic ten- egg, fish, shellfish, nuts, milk, chocolate, respiratory allergies across the board dencies. wheat, citrus fruit and food colouring. r Vitamin C - is especially important to the health of the lungs as it is the major antioxi- Typical symptoms of an asthma attack are Measures to control asthma: dant. It also prevents the release of excessive coughing, wheezing, a feeling of tightness in r Implement appropriate dietary and lifestyle histamine, which commonly occurs in people the chest, and difficulty in breathing. An attack recommendations affected by asthma. Studies show that vitamin can last for a few minutes or several hours. r Avoid triggers (inhaled allergens, food C prevents some symptoms of allergic asthma, These symptoms may occur for the first time preservatives, flavourings and colourings and but is also needed increasingly in times of at any age and may be episodic or persistent. chemicals) stress, exposure to hot or cold weather, ciga- Episodic asthmatics are usually asymptomatic r Avoid physical and emotional stress rette smoking and industrial air pollution. between episodes, which occur during viral r Good wholesome diet to support your r Vitamin E - guards against visible and invis- respiratory tract infections or after exposure to digestive and immune system. ible air pollutants. Is also an antioxidant allergens. It is also important to address one of the main r Magnesium - aids in the relaxation of the This pattern is common to children or young causes, namely gut and liver dysfunction. bronchial muscle adults. In other patients, the clinical pattern is Detoxification reduces toxin producing r Flavonoids especially quercetin. Quercetin of persistent asthma with chronic wheeze and microorganisms and food allergen sensitivi- contains anti-oxidants and has been shown to breathlessness. This pattern is more common ties. inhibit histamine release which occurs during in older patients. an allergic response. There are two forms of asthma - allergic and Lifestyle recommendations: r Carotene - a powerful antioxidant non-allergic; although the two often can occur r Practice some methods to relieve stress; r Selenium - is necessary to work in conjunc- together. Allergic asthma occurs after inhaling exercises like swimming tion with the antioxidants Asthma occurs at all ages and is the result of an allergen. The allergen causes antibodies to r Avoid furry animals r Essential fatty acids (omega - 3) - studies the interaction of both genetic and environ- form in the lungs’ cells in order to “fight” the r Consider removing carpets have shown that children that eat fish more mental factors. It has been estimated that asth- allergen. r Keep an ongoing list of things that trigger than once a week have one third the risk of ma affects 10-12 % of adults and 14-16 % of Many cases of allergic asthma are hereditary. your asthma and then avoid them as best as getting asthma as children who do not eat fish children in Australia and is on the increase. Non-allergic, or intrinsic, asthma is triggered you can. Also try keeping a diary of your regularly. Several clinical studies have shown Reasons often given to explain the rise in asth- by inhaling irritants such as dust particles, symptoms, medications and so on. It helps to that increasing the intake of omega-3 fatty ma include: smoke or fumes and can also be triggered by create a proper asthma management program. acids offers significant benefits in treating cold damp weather, exercise, laughing, cough- r Breathing exercises asthma. r Increased stress on immune system due to ing or stress. greater pollution in the air, water, and food Common asthma-provoking allergens are: Dietary advice: Herbs useful in asthma: r Early exposure to air allergens and cigarette animal hair, chemicals, drugs, dust mites, r Eliminate all food allergens (like salicylates Herbs combine to support the immune sys- smoke environmental pollutants and chemicals, pesti- -present naturally in some fruits, vegies, nuts tem and regulate the inflammatory response. r Early weaning and earlier introduction of cides, feathers, food additives (such as sul- etc) and additives (monosodium glutamate- Some herbs have an anti-inflammatory effect, solid foods to infants. Breast - feeding can pro- phites), fumes, mould and tobacco smoke. But MSG - can be present naturally or can be decreasing the activity of immune cells that tect infants against the development of aller- any kind of allergen can precipitate an asthma added in sauces and soups, Asian cooking and cause airway swelling. Others support the gies, and thus asthma, because the mother’s attack. snack foods; amines - found in deli meats such immune response against infections whilst immune system is at work protecting the Factors that can trigger non-allergic asthma as salami, bacon, ham and frankfurts, large decreasing allergies. Some examples are: infant while it is being breast fed. There is also attacks include: anxiety, temperature changes, amounts in cheese, chocolate, wine, beer and r Liquorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) evidence that receiving food other than breast exercise, extremes of dryness or humidity, yeast extract) and bananas (in some people it r Grape seed extract (Vitis vinifera) milk earlier than 4 - 6 months increases the fear, laughing, low blood sugar, and stress. may aggravate the condition) r Camellia sinesis (green tea) chance of developing a sensitivity to allergens. Respiratory infections such as bronchitis, r Your naturopath can guide you through a r Ginkgo biloba r Fewer childhood diseases - probably be- colds and flu can also provoke an attack. proper elimination diet to check the food aller- r Aloe vera cause the child’s immune system is not often Bowel toxicity/digestive disturbances as well gens. Some people may need to stay away r Tylophora asthmatica challenged by contact with germs. It has been as stress can also trigger the asthma attacks. from dairy and wheat. proposed that the immune system needs some- Some drugs like antiinflammatories, anal- r Include more fish esp. cold-water fish in Counselling: It is important for patients who thing to ‘keep it busy’ in early childhood and gesics (e.g. aspirin or related drugs), and your diet, for example, salmon, mackerel, her- respond to emotional crisis with asthmatic that increased exposure to elements provides antibiotics can induce asthma attacks. ring and halibut, as they contain omega three attacks and children with moderate to severe an infant’s immune system with clear signals Asthma epidemics related to atmospheric oils which are strong anti-inflammatory. asthma who may develop behavioural prob- for proper development. contamination occurs when situations in r Drink lots of green tea, which is an antioxi- lems. r Other lifestyle changes. The insides of hous- which dust and chemical particles are abun- dant. es stay warm in cold weather. Before central dant like enclosed environment. r Consume foods rich in vitamin C, fla- NOTE: IT IS IMPORTANT TO SEEK heating, bedrooms often were cold in the win- Occupational exposure to certain substances vonoids, antioxidants, anti-inflammatory - like PROFESSIONAL ADVICE BEFORE ter. Dust mites and cockroaches could not live such as urethane and polyurethane used in the cherries, berries, grapes, strawberries, prunes, TAKING ANY SUPPLEMENTS AUGUST 2005 16/34 TO BHMA The Greek Australian VEMA Travel Vouliagmeni Lake and Health Spa

Vouliagmeni Lake with Health Spa and Healing spa Landing in Athens is always a thrill. It is really beautiful fly- full of such minerals as potassium, natrium, lithium, ammoni- ing those who find it difficult or impossible to get into the water ing over the islands as the plane makes that big turn to um, calcium, ferrum, chloride, and iodine and is slightly on their own. During the summer Lake Vouliagmeni offers hot come in from the south. And everybody will have noticed radioactive (the good kind, I guess). These minerals are known spring baths, hydrotherapy and physiotherapy. English is spo- what looks like a volcanic crater filled with the bluest water for giving relief to bone and muscle problems as well as those ken as are a number of other languages. Children are welcome. you have ever seen, which comes into view outside the right listed above. The Lake is across the street from the very popular Vouliag- window about a minute before the wheels touch ground. The lake is recognized as a wonder of nature because of its meni beach, one of the best in the vicinity of Athens. It is called Lake Vouliagmeni and it is a mineral spa that is unique appearance and the surroundings. Scientific research There are many hotels in the area including the very nice reported to have many healing properties for such ailments as and studies have discovered that millions of years ago, where Armonia Hotel on the beach. There are also plenty of cafes, eczema and dermatological diseases, neuralgia, headaches, dis- the lake is now, there was once a large cafe with a large num- bars, taverns and restaurants nearby. From Athens the lake is figuring arthritis, chronic gynaecological diseases, lumbago, ber of hot springs. Eventually the high temperature and mois- about a half hour drive. If you require assistance contact George sciatica and other problems. ture of these springs caused the roof to collapse. Kokkotos the famous taxi driver. The lake is about 50 centimetres above sea level and so it is Beach chairs and umbrellas surround the lake and there is a There are also several buses that stop at the entrance of the constantly overflowing and being replenished by the hot cafe-bar-restaurant too. The lake is excellent for swimming for lake. The lake is open year round. In the winter season the hours springs beneath it. The composition of the lake is brackish and therapy as well as for pleasure and there is equipment for help- are from 8 am to 5 pm. In the summer from 6:30 am to 8 pm. Overseas travel news in brief Syria has opened the Palmyran Mummies Athens was the lack of automatic teller tival season which runs until a fireworks on display because Egyptian authorities now Hall at the Palmyra National Museum, machines. concert in Princes Street Gardens on Sun- consider them too fragile to leave the country. which contains Palmyran Mummies dat- Insufficient sign-posting around the hill - a day September 4. ing back to the first and second century prominent symbol on the capital's skyline - The jazz and blues festival, offering 121 More than a third of British holidaymak- BC. came second. events, from a free Mardi Gras street party ers overspend while abroad because they Minister of Culture Mahmoud el-Said took The ministry did not provide figures for the to a summer school, begins with gigs across struggle with currency calculations, part in the opening of the hall, which con- complaints. the city tonight. according to new researchy. tains audio-visual equipment provided as a Latere, the Edinburgh Military Tattoo A study found that 40 per cent of UK gift by Japan. A dramatic renovation and expansion is began its 24-night run on the Castle tourists spent more because of poor maths The equipment provides for translation in nearing completion at the University of Esplanade. skills - with a fifth finding conversions from various languages as well as displays arche- Alaska Museum of the North in Fairbanks, The book festival will begin on Saturday foreign currency into sterling confusing. ological materials. home to collections relating to the natural, August 13, a day before the opening of the One in three of those questioned said they El-Said said the Mummies Hall and new artistic and cultural heritage of the atate. original Edinburgh International Festival. did not draw up a budget before going equipment would help to attract new The expansion has doubled the size of the The world's longest continually running away and 45 per cent spent more than tourists to Palmyra. original museum to 7,525.14 square film festival will open in the city on expected during their trip. metres, adding the Rose Berry Alaska Art Wednesday the 17th, while the 11th Edin- The study, launched to coincide with a Gallery, a multimedia education centre burgh Mela, a two day inter-cultural festi- Government campaign to improve adults' and an expanded research centre,. val, takes place on the weekend of Septem- maths skills, also revealed 29 per cent of Opening in the northern spring of 2006, ber 3 and 4. women had trouble with currency conver- the Rose Berry Alaska Art Gallery will sions compared with 12 per cent of men. bring many of the museum's art treasures Six weeks after opening, the highly touted out of storage and into public view. King Tut comeback exhibit has drawn mas- The top North American B&Bs, from a sive crowds and more than a few complaints. BedandBreakfast.com survey: Belgian carrier SN Brussels Airlines and At least 200,000 visitors have viewed the 1. Woolverton Inn, Stockton, New Jersey. Israeli flag carrier El Al have signed a code- ancient Egyptian treasures displayed in 2. Eastman Inn, North Conway, New Hamp- sharing agreement taking effect from October "Tutankhamun and the Golden Age of the shire. 2. Pharaohs" since it opened on June 16 at the 3. Jackson House, Railroad, Pennsylvania. The partnership covers nine weekly flights Los Angeles County Museum of Art. 4. Twin Gables Inn, Saugatuck, Michigan. operated by SN Brussels or El Al between Tel The sequel to the hugely successful King Tut 5. Garth Woodside Mansion, Hannibal, Mis- Aviv and Brussels. tour in the 1970s features more than twice as soiuri. During October even more flight frequencies many gold and jewel-encrusted artifacts from 6. Graystone B&B Main Floor Suites, Nia- would be jointly offered by the two airlines the world's most celebrated archaeological gara-on-the-Lake, Ontario. Loved the ancient ruins, but where's that cash due to holidays, the groups said. discovery. 7. Notchland Inn, Harts Location, New machine? The show has received rave reviews from Hampshire. A survey released by the Culture Ministry of Edinburgh's month-long celebration of many visitors. But others have panned its 8. High Pointe Inn, West Barnstable, Massa- Greece, found visitors to the country’s main international arts and culture has opened overcrowding and the absence of mummies chusetts. archaeological sites and museums are highly with the start of the Jazz and Blues Festi- and the sacred mask of King Tut. The mask 9. Steel Magnolia House, Natchitoches, satisfied with the services provided, as well as val. was a highlight of the show nearly 30 years Louisiana. the level of maintenance and cleanliness. Thousands of people from across the world ago. 10. Empress of Little Rock, Little Rock, But the most common complaint among will gather in the Scottish capital over the Museum spokeswoman Felicia Wesson said Arkansas. tourists at the 2,500-year-old Acropolis coming weeks for Edinburgh's famous fes- the mummy and mask of King Tut were not AAP AUGUST 2005 The Greek Australian VEMA TO BHMA 17/35 Food & Wine What’s in the bottle? Knowing your wines

By Imogen Coward the resulting wine. Botrytized wines are often know the nuances of a wine one really must be entirely different? the sweetest of table wines, a famous example consider where the wine was produced. For Also, it is worth considering the soil, weath- If there’s one thing humans spend a great being De Bortoli’s Noble One, Botrytis Ries- example, the Hunter Valley is particularly er in the growing season and such environ- deal of time doing, it’s categorising things ling. noted for producing long lasting, fabulously mental factors (often known as terroir) that around themselves. It’s not sufficient for us Following style perhaps the next best indica- rich Semillon and Shiraz. South Australia pro- impact upon a wine. With Australian wines it to put like with like, though. We also have a tion of the character of a wine is the grape vari- duces distinctive, spicy, minty Shiraz and live- is particularly worthwhile checking out if there certain fondness for creating tailor-made ety/ies used and whether the wine has been ly Chardonnays. Margaret River (WA) pro- were bush-fires in a vineyard’s area during the vocabulary to describe these objects. In matured in oak barrels/barriques which impart duces (I think) some of the best Chardonnay growing/harvest season, since this can affect short, whether we’re talking about the a distinctive nutty-toasty sometimes charred and Riesling while Victoria produces wines the flavour of the wine. Most grapes/wines world of computers (CRT v. TFT LCD*) or flavour. Particular grapes have certain charac- that are often very lean and, especially in that have been severely affected by smoke something as simple as food and drink, we teristics associated with them. Since there are whites such as Sauvignon Blanc, a bit miner- from bush-fires are rejected and never make it love to use jargon. The world of wine is no far too many varieties and varietal blends to ally or steely. At best, though, these are only to consumer market. As a result, there is often exception. explore comprehensively I can only offer a generalisations. Really, to get to know the less wine produced in bush-fire years and taste of what you can expect from some of the character of wines from a particular area, the occasionally some of those wines that do make It is hardly surprising that wine, that most more common varieties used in Australia. best thing is to taste a number of wines (of the it to the consumer are not always of the same complex of drinks with a history reaching In white wines Chardonnay (pron. Shar-don- same variety and of various varieties) until you quality or character as in other years. back to ancient times, has a vast and rich array ay) is noted for having melon and butter like start to recognise recurring nuances associated If you really want to immerse yourself and of words and expressions. For those ‘in the flavours and quite a rich taste, with good acid- with particular regions. become familiar with wine-speak and with the know’ wine-speak offers a gloriously detailed ity and a reasonably high alcohol content. Then, there is the winemaker him/herself. character of various wines why not check out expression of the nature of a wine. For the Semillon (pron. in Australia either as it is spelt Some winemakers leave a distinctive signa- Jancis Robinson’s Wine Tasting Workbook uninitiated however, it might look a little like or in the French manner Sem-ee-yon), on the ture on their wines. Similarly, certain wineries (London, Conran Octopus, 2000) which retails gibberish. For example, you may find a wine other hand, is lower in acidity, often more have particular stylistic trends. For example, for around $50. It offers lots of information, described as having ‘a good nose, floral bou- alcoholic and when young often tastes citrus-y Brown Brothers wines are always very drink- not only on individual varieties, wines and quet and long legs.’ In such cases one may be with hints of fresh white figs. Yet with bottle able, not overpowering and have some inter- wine regions but also on the process of wine- forgiven for thinking it was the description of age (often around 10yrs+), one can find broad esting nuances (though they’re not usually the tasting, with the aim of having you tasting (and a person, not fermented fruit juice! The unini- flavours of toasted almonds and a certain most exotic). Rosemount is known for pro- spitting... urgh!) like a pro by the time you’ve tiated are not helped either by the fact that waxy buttery-ness. Hunter Valley Semillon ducing consistent wines - a Riesling from the finished the book. wine-speak has a marked tendency to supple- (e.g. Mount Pleasant ‘Elizabeth’) is particular- year X is rarely much different from the year ment its ample English vocabulary with a gen- ly noted for this changing character. It is often Y. Although consistency is seen by some mar- erous dose of foreign words. So what do all blended with the more aromatic Sauvignon keters as encouraging for consumers one * Cathode Ray Tube versus Thin Film Trans- those weird and wonderful terms on the labels Blanc which helps sharpen its taste. Semillon might equally suggest that such a policy leads mition Liquid Crystal Display (or to put it in (front and back) of your average, humble bot- also has a natural affinity for botrytis, produc- to wines that are consistently boring year in plain English: Old style, TV-like enormous, tle of wine really mean? Can they really offer ing a rich, satisfying sweet wine. Riesling is year out. After all, isn’t part of the fun being heavy, glass and plastic computer monitor a clue as to the character of the genie within again an entirely different kettle of fish. With able to discover that each year the wines pro- versus one of those new lovely bright thin the bottle? often abundant aromas of limes, orange blos- duced from the grapes of the same vines can ones!) In short the answer is ‘yes’. By looking for soms and a vibrant refreshing taste with a a few basic pointers you can have a pretty steely like, once smelt and tasted, the character good stab at guessing what a wine will taste of a young Australian Riesling (pron. Reez- like without even opening the bottle. Of course ling), especially those from the Margaret River it’s no replacement for actually tasting the (e.g. Leeuwin Estate Art Series), is easily Wine Review wine, and every so often you will get one that, recognisable, even when blended with other By Imogen Coward when tasted, turns out to be surprisingly dif- whites. Riesling too however also makes ferent to what you expected. Nevertheless, excellent late harvest and botrityzed wines Seppelt GR27 Vintage Leasingham Bastion especially when buying wine it is good to which, as a rule, have more vitality and kick know just what all that guff on the label might than their Semillon counterparts. Fortified, 1997 Cabernet Sauvignon, 2002 actually be indicating. The king of red wine grapes in Australia is This month I’ll only be considering table undoubtedly Shiraz. Generally it is noted for wines. Usually containing around 12-14% its rich cherry chocolate like flavours and alc/vol (low alcohol wines are usually around abundant spice (reminiscent of black pepper, 5% alc/vol) they need to be drunk within 3-5 cloves, cinnamon and so on). Capable of pro- days of the bottle being opened, as they start to ducing wonderfully rich wine, Shiraz (espe- turn into vinegar through the process of aceti- cially those from South Australia or the Hunter fication. (Essentially, on exposure to the air, Valley) can be a very alcoholic, powerful drink acetobacter start to convert the alcohol in the with plenty of mouth puckering tannin, and is wine into acetic acid which in turn results in often designed to be cellared for many years the wine developing a familiar vinegary taste allowing the flavours to become more inte- and eventually becoming unpalatable.). Basi- grated and balanced (though now there are a cally, these wines are usually designed to be number of Shiraz on the market that are drunk with a meal and are produced in a num- designed to be drunk young). Cabernet Sauvi- ber of styles each with its own unique charac- gnon (pron. Cab-er-nay Sew-vin-yon) on the teristics. other hand generally has sharp dominating The first clue as to how a wine will taste is flavours of mint, mulberries and cocoa with a the style. Table wines are generally quite dry hefty dose of sharp acidity and tannin. For (i.e. they have little residual sugar), unless they many, it is an acquired taste, though some, Produced in the Clare Valley, this is a surpris- are listed as dessert wines, late harvest (indi- such as Leasingham Estate’s Bastion (see this This is a most unusual fortified. Cherry red in ing red wine. Deep red in colour, it has a com- cating that the grapes have been left to mature month’s wine review), are quite balanced and colour, it is produced from a blend of Shiraz, plex and intriguing nose of dark chocolate on the vine increasing their sugar content) or integrated with many fascinating nuances. Tinta and Molle. Distinctive Shiraz notes are and licorice with floral, rose like notes. With botrytized. A typical example of the character Merlot (pron. Mer-low), in turn, may be joined with a sweet raisin flavours and a hint reasonably prominent tannins and a dry fin- of late harvest wines is Brown Brother’s likened to Cabernet Sauvignon but without the of honey dew. Breathtakingly strong at times ish, the character of the wine is dominated by Spätlese Lexia. ‘Botrytized’ on the other hand harsh tannins and with less sharp, berry like but not overly sweet, it is best decanted, or at flavours of cocoa, mulberries and sour cher- indicates that in addition to extra ripening, the flavours. More velvety than other red varieties, least left in the glass for ½ hour before drink- ries with a touch of spice. Good value for grapes have been affected by botrytis, a mar- Merlot is very easy to drink and makes a good ing. It will make an interesting accompani- money. It is suitable to drink now or cellar for vellous mould that causes the grapes to shriv- introduction to red wine for those who prefer ment to a cheese platter. another 2 or so years. el, the sugar content to go sky high as well as white wine. imparting its own unique botrytis flavour to After looking at the grape variety, to get to Cost: under $25 (for 375ml) Cost: under $15 AUGUST 2005 18/36 TO BHMA The Greek Australian VEMA

Australia’s acclaimed Byzantine choir performs Contracts for four considerable at the Powerhouse Museum project studies signed in Patra Contracts on the preparation of studies for four considerable ASO, the camping site at Agia and the old municipal hospital where projects to be carried out in the framework of the institution cultural activities and events will be housed. titled “Patra Cultural Capital of Europe 2006” were signed in The projects will cost 28.3 million euros, while Tatoulis announced Patra, western Greece, late last month in the presence of Deputy that procedures are under way for the construction of the indoor the- Culture Minister Petros Tatoulis. atre at the former “Ladopoulos” paper factory due to cost 33 million The studies concern the consruction of an open theatre in the region euros. The deputy minister also revealed that a total of 15 million of Riganocampos and the restoration of the former storehouses of euros will be provided for urban improvements in the city of Patra.

Australia’s acclaimed Byzantine Choir per- formed at the Powerhouse Museum on Sun- day, 31 July in a rare and one-off concert to co-incide with the popular exhibition Greek treasures: from the Benaki Museum in Athens currently showing at the Museum. The concert was very successful and was watched by hundreds of people. Byzantine music dates back to the first centuries of Christianity and has evolved over hundreds of years as a high level of artistic expression that is recognised today as the religious music of Greece and the Greek Orthodox Church. Byzantine music is typically vocal music made up of beautiful and rich melodies, admired for its complex music notation and high level of refinement. Established in Sydney in 1998, the Australian Byzantine Choir is made of 22 young Greek- Australians who are devoted students and musi- cians to this very old and traditional Greek music. The Australian Byzantine Choir has a prestigious reputation for performances at major festivals and commemorative events including the Sydney Festival, Australia Day celebrations, at St Mary’s and St Andrew’s cathedrals and for regu- lar events with the Greek Orthodox Church in Sydney. Australian Byzantine Choir Director and Choir- master George Combis said: “It couldn’t be more fitting for the choir to hold a concert at the Powerhouse to co-incide with the exhibition of amazing Greek treasures that rarely leave Greece. This was a unique and wonderful opportunity for Sydneysiders to hear and see two highly classical forms of Greek history and cul- ture under the one roof at the Powerhouse Muse- um.” The Greek treasures exhibition at the Power- house showcases one of the world’s most famous collections from the Benaki Museum in Athens. The exhibition features over 160 treasures that span an incredible eight thousand years - from 6,000 BC to the early 19th century Greek War of Independence. The collection illustrates the vibrancy of Greek domestic, political and artistic life and the rich ON SALE NOW creativity of this early culture. From figurines, ceramics, embroidered textiles, gold jewellery and Coptic-period toys, to Byzantine painted icons and metal ware, architectural fragments, ornate weapons, watercolours and oil paintings, the objects are truly diverse and exquisite. The concert by the Australian Byzantine Choir was held in the Coles Theatre of the Powerhouse Museum from 2pm to 3.15pm on Sunday, 31 July. Entry to the concert was free after museum admission. AUGUST 2005 The Greek Australian VEMA TO BHMA 19/37

Athens launches first sightseeing bus for tourists Athens' public bus company has launched Mr Liapis inaugurated the service outside the complaint, albeit a minor one. "I thought there would be more information its first ever sightseeing bus tour, offering National Archaeological Museum, itself one "We didn't know you had to push a button to than the two sentences they say," commented tourists a chance to see sights ranging from of the stops. signal you wanted to get off," he said. "We Eleonora Saccone, a visitor from Italy. "And it the 2,500-year-old Acropolis to the local flea The service - run on regular Athens blue missed our stop and had to walk back to where would be good to have headphones, so you market. buses - is operated by the Athens Urban Trans- we wanted to go." can hear it better." port Organization, or OASA, which said it Stops are marked by 2m-tall blue signs, and Travellers can hop on and off the air-condi- The "Sights of Athens" bus stops at 20 cul- may purchase a batch of open-top double- are close to the actual attractions, which range tioned buses which run every 30 minutes from tural landmarks and shopping areas. decker buses in October to use for the tour. from archaeological sites and museums to the 7.30am to 9pm. As well as tourists, Transport Minister For now, the service is on a two-month trial city's Omonia Square. A nonstop trip - subject to Athens' notorious- Michalis Liapis said he hopes locals will also to test out public interest. Each stop is pre-announced by a recorded ly bad traffic - lasts from 80 to 90 minutes, use the buses. Only a handful of people were aboard for the message in Greek and English, followed by a OASA said. "The aim is for Athenians and foreign visi- maiden service. brief description in English. Tickets must be purchased from the driver tors alike to learn about the city - the monu- "We are thankful to see the city like this The buses will also have a guide on board to and cost five euro ($A8); they are valid for ments and the museums," he said. because we're only here for one day," said Car- answer visitors' questions. other forms of public transport, except for "Athens has nothing to be jealous of from men Pohle from Mexico City. Tourists on opening day said the recorded journeys to and from Athens International Air- other big cities of Europe." Her German husband, Klaus, had a single information was helpful, but too brief. port. Archeologists uncover Comeback for crime ancient coins in Athens The dwindling number of officers in crime cannot only be attributed to the fact patrolling the streets of Athens has led to that security levels in Athens have inevitably Scores of silver coins dating back well over civic life - is of “considerable importance” crime shooting up by a fifth in the city, been reduced since last year. They point to two millennia have been unearthed in the because it represents one of the most sizable just a year on from the heightened securi- the fact that crime actually fell during the heart of Athens, officials announced earlier finds of its kind, the statement said. ty of the Olympic Games, police sources first four months of this year - robberies, for this month. The new discovery will be “an important and told Kathimerini. example, were down by more than 20 per- More than five kg of silver pieces dating pri- useful source of information about the money Figures made public by the police yester- cent and car crime by some 12 percent. marily from the 4th century BC were discov- of antiquity and the economic life of the day showed that robberies, thefts and break- Sources blame the rise on a lack of visible ered in an excavation project of the American times,” the text said. ins in July skyrocketed by more than 20 per- policing on the city streets, which has School of Archaeology, a statement from the The total number of coins uncovered has yet cent, while car theft increased by 7 percent allowed petty crime to thrive. This has been ministry of culture said. to be specified. compared to statistics for the same month in brought on by a change in the setup of the Some 45 of the silver pieces are believed to The Agora, situated at the foot of the Acrop- 2004. Central Athens was particularly hit by force, which has seen more personnel date back to the 5th century BC. olis, is one of the most important excavation the rise, with the Acropolis and Omonia deployed to police stations in a bid to The discovery at the Athens Agora - the chief sites in the Greek capital. police stations among the busiest. improve the rate with which crimes are marketplace and ancient centre of the city’s AFP Security at the same point last year was as solved. But, sources said, taking officers off tight as it has ever been in the capital, due to the streets has damaged crime prevention. the hosting of the Olympics. Greece spent The lack of both foot and car patrols has left Scientists use plastic to make steel over 1 billion euros on security, including a neighborhood stores such as mini-markets, state-of-the-art surveillance system. Police- bakeries, betting shops and petrol stations Australian scientists have developed a tech- els of carbon to be useful in steelmaking. men from all over Greece were drafted in to particularly susceptible to opportunist nique to use waste plastic in steel making, a Carbon is used to add strength to steel. The help patrol the capital and all leave was can- thieves. process that could have implications for higher the carbon content, the stronger but less celed. recycling scrap metal that accounts for 40 ductile it is. However, police sources said that the spike Kathimerini percent of steel production. "What happens in a steelmaking furnace is Professor Veena Sahajwalla of the Universi- that we are melting scrap steel, you can imag- ty of New South Wales has won a prestigious ine if you've got your old cars and washing Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of Australia Australian science award for what she calls machines and so on," Sahajwalla told Reuters. "the hottest research in town", which she "The carbon component that's present inside hopes will turn an environmental headache plastic is what we're after and, at those high into a valuable resource. temperatures, we're able to react it in a way Under the process, waste plastics are fed into that we're able to use that carbon that's locked electric steel-making furnaces as an alternative in the plastics. Typically you would add coal source of carbon and heated to super-hot tem- and coke," she said. Clyde Henderson, of coal peratures of 1,600 degrees Celsius (2,912 industry newsletter Energy Economics, said [translation from the Greek] Fahrenheit). similar technology using pellets of recycled To all Greek Orthodox Day Schools Sahajwalla said many waste plastics, from plastic had been used in firing power stations of our Archdiocese throughout Australia shopping bags to dishwashing liquid contain- in Japan. ers and drink bottles, contain high enough lev- Reuters Dearly beloved,

Following the great tragedy that affected all of us when the aircraft of the private Cypriot C. GEORGE PAINTING & DECORATING company ‘Helios’ crashed only minutes before landing in Athens on August 14, 2005, the eve Lic. No. 150819C of the Dormition of the Theotokos, I wish to immediately express to staff and students of our Schools my deepest fatherly sympathy and prayers for the victims of the accident and their families. I do so in the knowledge that a large number of students in our Colleges are of Cypri- AN EXCEPTIONAL OFFER! ot heritage, as are many administrative personnel and teachers.

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The hall at Brisbane’s south-side Greek Orthodox Parish and Community of Mt Gravatt was recently decorated with much love by her family for her cen- tenary birthday celebration and much research had been finalized by her grand- children through National and State archives to produce a magnificent audio- visual presentation for the day, retracing her arrival and settlement in Australia almost six decades ago.

Born more than 100 years ago to Georgios and Zacharoula Statoulas, in the graphic town of Apolakkia on the beautiful Greek island of Rhodes on June 21st, 1904, Marianthy’s life can be characterized as one of courage, stoicism and faith. Her records indicate that she was baptized on July 18th of the same year at the village church of ‘St Marina’which was to play a major role in her spiritual development. She was orphaned very early in life but her devotion to the Church would arm her with strength of character and humility. Her mother died when she was just forty days old. Her father died when she was just six years of age. However, in an era when the whole village rallied to offer unconditional support for children in such situations, the Marianthi Scoutas family of her cousin, Theodoros with her two children, Theodorides, took her under their wings and Savvas and Maria raised her with love and protection. On October 18th, 1925, she mar- ried a handsome, hard-working young man great comfort in attending Services without Christ, was her priority for the day. Kingdom of Heaven. This was her way of with the most stunning voice, Stylianos fail. Having lost her eyesight several giving thanks to God for the privilege of Scoutas, from the same village. Six months The years flowed, the decades years ago, and unable to walk unassisted any sharing her life with four generations of her after the birth of their first child, Savvas, her passed, her husband Stylianos departed this longer, she was wheeled into the neighbour- family. husband migrated to Australia in search of life in 1985, and Marianthy’s 100th birthday ing Church of the ‘Dormition of the That experience in the Church will better circumstances for his family. eventually arrived by the grace of God. The Theotokos’ by her son Savvas Scoutas and remain a legacy for her family who mar- As occurred frequently in that diffi- family, long dispersed between Brisbane and her daughter Maria Savvakis. velled with gratitude that, after 101 years of cult period of immigrant history, the couple Sydney, designated the Queen’s Birthday Spontaneously, she made the sign life, this virtuous lady still maintained Christ would be re-united a whole 20 years later in holiday just recently to honour this remark- of the Cross and transfixed her ‘gaze’ upon as her focus and priority. rural Mt Morgan, central Queensland, where able mother, grandmother and great-grand- the icon of the Resurrection above the Holy Yes, she received letters of congrat- Stylianos by now owned the Popular Café mother. Marianthy was fully aware that her Altar as if the eyes of her soul could see what ulations from Her Majesty, Queen Elizabeth and also operated the Refreshment Rooms at centenary reception was being organized was physically impossible. As she received II, from the Governor General of Australia, the Mt Morgan railway station. with much love by her family and was not Holy Communion she repeatedly pro- His Excellency Major General Michael Marianthy had set out for Australia about to ‘spoil the party’ for those who had nounced “Glory be to God, Glory be to Jeffery, from the Prime Minister of Australia, by boat together with her 20 year-old son, gone to so much effort to honour her mile- God”. the Honourable John Howard, and from the only to be separated at Port Said in Egypt. stone in life. Through this simple act of faith, Premier of Queensland, the Honourable The British ship ‘Astoria’ refused to take However, for this truly faithful ser- she was demonstrating to her loved ones the Peter Beattie. And, whilst the family is women at the time because it was transport- vant of God, receiving the Sacrament of true essentials of life – the abiding love of deeply grateful to these respectful dignitaries ing Australian soldiers back home from the Holy Communion, the Body and Blood of God and the reality of eternal life in the for their kind wishes and congratulations that theatres of war in Europe. Savvas was will be treasured for generations to come, accepted on board and arrived in Australia in Marianthy is more concerned with what God January 1947. His mother eventually arrived will have to say about her in the next dimen- in April on the Egyptian ship ‘Misr’ in April sion of life. of the same year. His Eminence Archbishop At last, the family was re-united. Stylianos stressed the spiritual significance Rural Australia was vastly different from of the day with a deeply moving fatherly let- rural Greece and demanded quick adaptation ter to the family which was read at her cente- to a new language and culture. However, nary celebration attended by the Greek soon after, the couple’s second child, Maria, Orthodox clergy of Brisbane and by some was born in 1948 and life took on a fresh per- 200 relatives and friends. spective. Marianthy Scoutas was honoured The family would make several appropriately by her children Savvas and moves in the ensuing years and worked hard Maria Scoutas and Maria and Con Savvakis, in towns familiar to many Greek immigrants by her grandchildren Father Steven and – Rockhampton, Biloela, Yeppoon and Presvitera Patricia Scoutas, Debra and Philip Gympie – before purchasing the ‘Shelley Passaris, Maryanne and Michael Hiratos, Inn’ café at Brisbane’s sea-side Shorncliffe Samantha and Peter Arvoll and by her great where they settled down permanently. grandchildren Belinda and Savva Scoutas, With ‘St George’ Greek Orthodox Marie and Stavros Cross, Christopher, Dean, Church in Brisbane only an hour’s trip away Sophia and Georjia Passaris, Kristina and by bus, firstly at Charlotte Street in the city Costas Hiratos. Marianthy Scoutas what a and later at South Brisbane, Marianthy found Marianthi with her children, grandchildren and great grandchildren remarkable Christian woman! 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