ATACAMA LARGE MILLIMETER ARRAY Multi-lateral Project Organizational Structure

Japanese Chilean Partner ALMA Partner Board North American European Partner Partner (NSF/NRC)

Science Management Advisory Advisory Comm Comm.

Japanese North European Executive American Project Executive NAOJ Executive Office ESO AUI/NRAO (Const.)

U.S./Japan Europe ? ? ? ? Chile

Entity in Chile ?

Legal Regime? Ownership of Assets? Administrative Responsibility? Operational Responsibility? Employment of Personnel?

Figure 1 ATACAMA LARGE MILLIMETER ARRAY Multi-lateral Project Organizational Structure “Under the ESO Umbrella”

Japanese Chilean Partner ALMA Partner Board North American European Partner Partner (NSF/NRC)

Science Management Advisory Advisory Comm Comm.

Japanese North European Executive American Project Executive NAOJ Executive Office ESO AUI/NRAO (Const.)

U.S./Japan Europe Chile ? Chile

Treaty with the La Silla Republic of Chile

(1963)

Treaty Amendment Approval of Parliament

Funding and Imports (1995)

New Center of Observation

Treaty Amendment ALMA Observatory Approval of Parliament (2002?)

New Center of Observation Figure 2 Partnership with AUI, NAOJ Collaboration with Chile ATACAMA LARGE MILLIMETER ARRAY Multi-lateral Project Functional Structure “Under the ESO Umbrella”

AUI/NRAO ESO NAOJ

Funding & Imports

ALMA Observatory (ESO) Funding Imports& (Bricks and Mortar Institution)

Corporation for Directly Managed Chilean Affairs (ESO) Operation

1. Corporation formed or engaged ESO Personnel employed jointly by ESO, AUI and NAOJ under ESO permissions

2. Employs local staff under Chilean law

3. Employs international staff under Chilean law

Figure 3 ATACAMA LARGE MILLIMETER ARRAY Multi-lateral Project Organizational Structure “Autonomous Entities United by Convention”

Japanese Chilean Partner ALMA Partner Board North American European Partner Partner (NSF/NRC)

Science Management Advisory Advisory Comm Comm.

Japanese North European Executive American Executive NAOJ Executive ESO AUI/NRAO

U.S./Japan Europe Chile Chile

NAOJ/UChile Amendment to Amendment to Agreement AUI/UChile Agreement ESO Treaty Approved by Approved by Approved by Foreign Affairs Foreign Affairs Parliament

1. Permission to build and 1. Permission to build and 1. Permission to build and operate ALMA in partnership operate ALMA in partnership operate ALMA in partnership with AUI/NRAO, NAOJ and with AUI/NRAO, ESO and with ESO, NAOJ and Chile Chile under the ALMA Chile under the ALMA under the ALMA Partnership Partnership Convention Partnership Convention Convention 2. Permission to use the Chajnantor 2. Permission to use the Chajnantor 2. Permission to use the Chajnantor Site as specified in the ALMA Site as specified in the ALMA Site as specified in the ALMA Partnership Convention Partnership Convention Partnership Convention

ALMA Partnership Convention (Paper: Signed by ESO, AUI/NRAO, NAOJ and Chile

Figure 4 ATACAMA LARGE MILLIMETER ARRAY Multi-lateral Project Functional Structure “Autonomous Entities United by Convention”

NAOJ AUI/NRAO ESO Chile

ALMA Project/Operations

Funding, Imports Personnel& Director’s Office [Established under the ALMA Convention]

NAOJ AUI/NRAO ESO Corporation for Chilean Affairs Deliverables Deliverables Deliverables Tasks Tasks Tasks All local Chilean Contracts Contracts Contracts Staff NAOJ Staff AUI/NRAO Staff ESO Staff Fund for the Tangible Assets Tangible Assets Tangible Assets Development (“bricks &Mortar) (“bricks & Mortar”) (“bricks & Mortar”) of

Key: Policy Resources

Figure 5