FAMILY Bleeker, 1851 - knifefishes, featherbacks SUBFAMILY Notopterinae Bleeker, 1851 - knifefishes, featherbacks [=Notopteri] Notes: Notopteri Bleeker, 1851–52:3, 4, 8 [ref. 16907] (group) Notopterus [also in Bleeker 1851:437 [ref. 16897]]

GENUS Fowler, 1934 - featherbacks [=Chitala (subgenus of Notopterus) Fowler [H. W.], 1934:244] Notes: [ref. 1416]. Fem. Mystus chitala Hamilton, 1822. Type by original designation (also by absolute tautonymy). Kottelat 2000:83 [ref. 25486] regards the gender as feminine. •Synonym of Notopterus Lacepède, 1800 -- (Roberts 1989:24 [ref. 6439]). •Valid as Chitala Fowler 1934 -- (Roberts 1992:364 [ref. 20012], Hilton 2003:90 [ref. 26584], Ataur Rahman 2003:260 [ref. 31338], Kottelat 2013:31 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Valid as Chitala Fowler, 1934. Notopteridae: Notopterinae.

Species Chitala blanci (d'Aubenton, 1965) - Indochina featherback [=Notopterus blanci d'Aubenton [F.], 1965:261, Fig. 1] Notes: [Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Série 2) v. 37 (no. 2); ref. 9269] Beng-Cha, upper River, northern . Current status: Valid as Chitala blanci (D'Aubenton, 1965). Notopteridae: Notopterinae. Distribution: Asia. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Chitala borneensis (Bleeker, 1851) - Bleeker's Indonesian featherback (author) [=Notopterus borneensis Bleeker [P.], 1851:437, Notopterus maculosus Bleeker [P.], 1851:438] Notes: [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 2; ref. 16897] Sambas, western Borneo, . Current status: Valid as Chitala borneensis (Bleeker, 1851). Notopteridae: Notopterinae. Distribution: Indonesia. Habitat: freshwater. (maculosus) [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 2; ref. 16897] Sambas, western Borneo, Indonesia. Current status: Synonym of Chitala borneensis (Bleeker, 1851). Notopteridae: Notopterinae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species (Hamilton, 1822) - clown knifefish [=Mystus chitala Hamilton [F.], 1822:236, 382, Notopterus buchanani Valenciennes [A.], in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1848:148, Notopterus maculatus Valenciennes [A.], 1832:396, Pl. 5 (fig. 2)] Notes: [An account of the fishes found in the river Ganges; ref. 2031] Bengal and Bebar rivers, India. Current status: Valid as Chitala chitala (Hamilton, 1822). Notopteridae: Notopterinae. Distribution: Asia: Nepal, India, Bangladesh, , Indonesia, Malaya, Pakistan and . Habitat: freshwater. (buchanani) [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 21; ref. 1013] Current status: Synonym of Chitala chitala (Hamilton, 1822). Notopteridae: Notopterinae. Habitat: freshwater. (maculatus) [Voyage aux Indes-Orientales; ref. 12986] Bengal. Current status: Synonym of Chitala chitala (Hamilton, 1822). Notopteridae: Notopterinae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Chitala hypselonotus (Bleeker, 1852) - Mussi featherback (author) [=Notopterus hypselonotus Bleeker [P.], 1852:27] Notes: [Verhandelingen van het Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kunsten en Wetenschappen. v. 24 (art. 7); ref. 16907] Mussi River, Palembang, southeastern Sumatra, Indonesia. Current status: Valid as Chitala hypselonotus (Bleeker, 1852). Notopteridae: Notopterinae. Distribution: Java. Habitat: freshwater.

Species (Bleeker, 1851) - Indonesian lopis featherback [=Notopterus lopis Bleeker [P.], 1851:422] Notes: Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 1; ref. 16891] Jakarta, Java, Indonesia. Current status: Valid as Chitala lopis (Bleeker, 1851). Notopteridae: Notopterinae. Distribution: Asia. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Chitala ornata (Gray, 1831) - [=Notopterus ornatus Gray [J. E.], 1831:16] Notes: [Zoological Miscellany 1831; ref. 18154] Indian Seas. Current status: Valid as Chitala ornata (Gray, 1831). Notopteridae: Notopterinae. Distribution: Asia; introduced elsewhere, including , U.S.A. Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Notopterus Lacépède, 1800 - knifefishes [=Notopterus Lacepède [B. G. E.], 1800:189] Notes: [ref. 2709]. Masc. Notopterus kapirat Lacepède, 1800 (= Gymnotus notopterus Pallas, 1769). Type is the species notopterus by absolute tautonymy of senior objective synonym of kapirat; two included species, with Gymnotus notopterus Gmelin (validated by Pallas) included in synonymy of kapirat. •Valid as Notopterus Lacepède, 1800 -- (Jayaram 1981:53 [ref. 6497], Kottelat 1989:4 [ref. 13605], Roberts 1989:24 [ref. 6439], Ataur Rahman 1989:237 [ref. 24860], Roberts 1992:363 [ref. 20012], Ataur Rahman 2003:262 [ref. 31338], Kottelat 2013:32 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Valid as Notopterus Lacepède, 1800. Notopteridae: Notopterinae.

Species Notopterus notopterus (Pallas, 1769) - Asiatic knifefish [=Gymnotus notopterus Pallas [P. S.], (ex Bontius & Renard), 1769:40, Pl. 6 (fig. 2), Mystus badgee Sykes [W. H.], 1839:165, Notopterus bontianus Valenciennes [A.], in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1848:147, Pl. 613, Glanis imberbis Gronow [L. T.], in Gray, 1854:135, Notopterus kapirat Lacepède [B. G. E.], 1800:189, 190, Notopterus pallasii Valenciennes [A.], in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1848:130, Clupea synura Bloch [M. E.] & Schneider [J. G.], 1801:426] Notes: [Spicilegia Zoologica v. 1 (fasc. 7); ref. 20848] Poona, Seedataik. Current status: Valid as Notopterus notopterus (Pallas, 1769). Notopteridae: Notopterinae. Distribution: Asia: Nepal, India, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Indonesia, Malaya, Pakistan and Thailand. Habitat: freshwater, brackish. (badgee) [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1838 (pt 6); ref. 18720] Mola Mola River at Poona [Poma] and Beema River at Seedataik, Deccan, India. Current status: Synonym of Notopterus notopterus (Pallas, 1769). Notopteridae: Notopterinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish. (bontianus) [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 21; ref. 1013] Irrawaddy River, Myanmar; Java, Indonesia. Current status: Synonym of Notopterus notopterus (Pallas, 1769). Notopteridae: Notopterinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish. (imberbis) [Catalogue of fish collected and described by Laurence Theodore Gronow; ref. 1911] East Indies. Current status: Synonym of Notopterus notopterus (Pallas 1769). Notopteridae: Notopterinae. (kapiriat) [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepéde) v. 2; ref. 2709] Ambon Island, Molucca Islands, Indonesia. Current status: Synonym of Notopterus notopterus (Pallas, 1769). Notopteridae: Notopterinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish. (pallasii) [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 21; ref. 1013] India. Current status: Synonym of Notopterus notopterus (Pallas, 1769). Notopteridae: Notopterinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish. (synura) [M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae; ref. 471] Coast of Malabar, India. Current status: Synonym of Notopterus notopterus (Pallas, 1769). Notopteridae: Notopterinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish. ******************************************************************************************************************************* SUBFAMILY Xenomystinae Greenwood, 1963 - knifefishes Notes: Xenomystinae Greenwood, 1963:401 [ref. 1897] (subfamily) Xenomystus

GENUS Greenwood, 1963 - knifefishes [=Papyrocranus Greenwood [P. H.], 1963:401] Notes: [ref. 1897]. Masc. Notopterus afer Günther, 1868. Type by monotypy. •Valid as Papyrocranus Greenwood, 1963 -- (Daget 1984:61 [ref. 6170], Lévêque et al. 1989:114 [ref. 26480], Paugy et al. 1990:336 [ref. 26477], Bigorne in Lévêque et al. 1990:119 [ref. 21589], Roberts 1992:375 [ref. 20012], Poll & Gosse 1995:81 [ref. 24781], Dankwa et al. 1999:13 [ref. 28023], Hilton 2003:90 [ref. 26579], Hopkins 2007:217 [ref. 30018]). Current status: Valid as Papyrocranus Greenwood, 1963. Notopteridae: Xenomystinae.

Species (Günther, 1868) - reticulate knifefish [=Notopterus afer Günther [A.], 1868:480] Notes: [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 7; ref. 1990] Sierra Leone. Current status: Valid as Papyrocranus afer (Günther, 1868). Notopteridae: Xenomystinae. Distribution: West-central Africa. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Papyrocranus congoensis (Nichols & La Monte, 1932) - Congo marble knifefish [=Notopterus afer congoensis Nichols [J. T.] & La Monte [F. R.], 1932:2, Fig. 1] Notes: [American Museum Novitates No. 515; ref. 16384] Lower Congo River at Lukolela, about 500 miles from the Congo River mouth, Africa. Current status: Valid as Papyrocranus congoensis (Nichols & La Monte, 1932). Notopteridae: Xenomystinae. Distribution: West-central Africa: Congo River basin. Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Xenomystus Günther, 1868 - knifefishes [=Xenomystus (subgenus of Notopterus) Günther [A.], 1868:479, 481] Notes: [ref. 1990]. Masc. Notopterus nigri Günther, 1868. Type by monotypy. Described in key (p. 479) for one species treated on p. 481. •Valid as Xenomystus Günther, 1868 -- (Daget 1984:61 [ref. 6170], Paugy & Bénech 1989:299 [ref. 26478], Paugy et al. 1990:336 [ref. 26477], Bigorne in Lévêque et al. 1990:121 [ref. 21589], Roberts 1992:379 [ref. 20012], Poll & Gosse 1995:81 [ref. 24781], Hilton 2003:90 [ref. 26579], Hopkins 2007:213 [ref. 30018]). Current status: Valid as Xenomystus Günther, 1868. Notopteridae: Xenomystinae.

Species Xenomystus nigri (Günther, 1868) - African knifefish [=Notopterus nigri Günther [A.], 1868:481, Notopterus (Xenomystus) nili Steindachner [F.], 1881:196 [18], Pl. 4 (fig. 2)] Notes: [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 7; ref. 1990] Niger River. Current status: Valid as Xenomystus nigri (Günther, 1868). Notopteridae: Xenomystinae. Distribution: Western Africa. Habitat: freshwater. (nili) [Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 83 (1. Abth.); ref. 4231] Bahr-el-Seraf and Bahr-el-Gebel, Nile system, Sudan. Current status: Synonym of Xenomystus nigri (Günther, 1868). Notopteridae: Xenomystinae. Habitat: freshwater ****************************************************************************** Unavailable names, uncertain taxa

(genera)

Glanis Gronow [L. T.] in Gray 1854:135 [ref. 1911]. Masc. Glanis imberbis Gronow 1854. Type by monotypy. Objectively invalid; preoccupied by Glanis Agassiz 1829 in fishes; apparently based on a species of Notopterus. •Synonym of Notopterus Lacepède 1800 -- (Kottelat 2013:32 [ref. 32989] with question). Current status: Uncertain as Notopterus Lacepède 1800. Notopteridae: Notopterinae.

(species)

Notopterus osmani Rahimullah [P. K.] & Das [A. G.] in Talwar & Jhingran 1991:64 [Inland fishes of India and adjacent countries v. 1-2; ref. 20764] Not available, name published in the synonymy of Notopterus notopterus. Reference is made to description in Rahimullah & Das 1936 [ref. 19749], but no new name is proposed therein. •Treated as a synonym of Notopterus notopterus with Rahimullah & Das as authors -- (Menon 1999:9 [ref. 24904]). Notopteridae: Notopterinae.

Xenomystus lucani Rochebrune [A. T. de] 1885:99 [Bulletin de la Société philomathique de Paris (7th Série) v. 9; ref. 3791] Congo River; Mellacordée River; Casamance River, western Africa. Syntypes: Museo Bouvieri. Notopteridae: Xenomystinae.