Corporate Environmental Information System Data Storage Development

Open Comput. Sci. 2017; 7:29–35

Review Article Open Access

Naizabayeva Lyazat*, Nurzhanov Chingiz, Orazbekov Zhassulan, and Tleuberdiyeva Gulnara Corporate environmental information system data storage development and management (Environmental Information System) https://doi.org/10.1515/comp-2017-0005 tion of special programs to assess the extent, severity and Received October 19, 2017; accepted November 1, 2017 consequences of pollution of environment and human by xenobiotics is an urgent problem for measures to reduce Abstract: In this article a software implementation of the pollution and cleaning of contaminated territory. environmental monitoring is developed and presented, The importance of creating a unied database allows which is responsible for receive, store, process and anal- government to strategically solve the country’s important ysis of data. For logical database design system Computer- issues related to the environment, such as the construc- Aided Software Engineering (CASE) technology, the AllFu- tion of high-tech facilities for the incineration of industrial sion ERwin Data Modeler was selected. To develop cor- production, and most importantly to assess the real level porate Oracle database management system used. The of technogenic pollution, possible ecology risks and risks database contains a set of objects, which store all the pri- to public health. mary and additional service information, as well as a set of Last years, our country has accumulated numerous software modules of business logic. The developed infor- experimental data on the content of heavy metals, pes- mation system makes it possible to nd optimal solutions ticides and other toxic pollutants in the soil. The con- for clean and disposal of the contaminated areas. There are centration of toxic substances in the environment, re- advantages of created databases on the areas to be reme- sulting from anthropogenic human activities had a neg- diated, such as the analysis of remediation made by using ative impact on ora and it is an acute ecological prob- plants. lem, especially, in the agricultural and industrial re- Keywords: information system, environmental monitor- gions.Forecasting changes of qualitative composition of ing, database, integrated system, Oracle products the polluted soil with the toxic elements is a very relevant and complex problem for which solutions are used methods of mathematical modeling. 1 Introduction Taking into account the multifactorial nature of processes occurring in the system "soil-plant" and the need to monitor its behavior in time, to be able to create math- The development of environmental monitoring in any ematical forecasting models that describe the essence of country is a process spanning numerous sets of work (from the processes and their trend using language of dieren- the placement of the sensors in the eld of specialized tial equations systems. The process of transition of toxic monitoring and automated data collection, to obtaining elements in plants are complex and urgent.Mathematical data and reporting on the conditions of air, water and soil modeling methods are used for solutions [1, 2]. Attempts in desired point of time). Development and implementa- of pollution modeling in the system "soil-plant" are of particular relevance in phytoremediation technologies. The main purpose of phytoremediation technology - restora- *Corresponding Author: Naizabayeva Lyazat: Institute of Infor- tion of soil / sediment / water contaminated by xenobi- mation and Computing Technologies, Almaty, Kazakhstan, E-mail: otics, through using plants and it is directly applicable in [email protected] contaminated areas [3–9]. Nurzhanov Chingiz: Institute of Information and Computing Tech- The ecological systems, their mathematical mod- nologies, 050010 Almaty, 125 Pushkin st, Kazakhstan els and destroyed ecosystems management issues Orazbekov Zhassulan: Institute of Information and Computing Technologies, 050010 Almaty, 125 Pushkin st, Kazakhstan studied by many classics in the eld of ecology Tleuberdiyeva Gulnara : Department of Technology and Ecology, Yu.P.Odum [10], Dzh.Murrey [11, 12], Dzh.Dzheers [13], “Narkhoz” University, Almaty, Kazakhstan

Open Access. © 2017 Naizabayeva Lyazat et al., published by De Gruyter Open. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 License. 30 Ë Naizabayeva Lyazat et al.

E.Pianka [14], V.Vodopyanov [15], H N.Moiseev [16], – catastrophic load, leading to the loss of certain parts G.Yu.Riznichenko [17], V.N.Burkov [17], Yefremov I.V. [19] of the ecosystem, up to their complete destruction. and others. The purpose of the project - creation of a corporate Project realization database storage facility for environmental monitoring, A. Preparation of monitoring data to the calculation of lim- namely the development of the technical means, method- its ical software for processing and displaying the environ- Calculation of disposed waste limits in the accumula- mental situation. tor of waste production (WP) is made based on the results The basis of environmental monitoring is an inte- of work on the level of contamination of groundwater, soil grated approach, which means the development of sys- and air on the border of the sanitary protection zone of the tems performing the full range of necessary operations, in- accumulator. cluding: The total contamination indexes each of the three – primary measurements; environments are formalized performance and are deter- – collection, transfer, storage and processing of mea- mined by the formulas:

surement data; n X – analysis of the environmental situation; dW = 1 + αi · (diW − 1) (3) – decision making support for management of environ- i=1

mental conditions; n – distribution of monitoring results among users. X dS = 1 + αi · (diS − 1) (4) i=1 Formulation of the problem n X The main objective of the work on the assessment of dA = 1 + αi · (diA − 1) (5) environmental pollution with toxic waste materials is to i=1 obtain summative measures of the main components of where dW, dS, dA – pollution levels, respectively, ground- aquatic environment, air and soil. water, soil and air; Total index of pollution of the environment compo- αi – coecient to iso eciency for every pollutants: for the nent (Zc) is dened as the sum of the coecients of con- rst class of danger -1.0; for the second class of danger - centration of certain pollutants (KKI) by the formula, (n- 0.5; for the third class of danger - 0.3; for the fourth class number pollutants dened in the component): of danger - 0.25. dW, dS, dA – pollution level i-th pollutant, calculate don (KKi) = Ci /MACi , (1) the results of testing at the border of sanitary protection zone of accumulator WP respectively of groundwater, soil n X and air; Zc K n = Ki − ( − 1) (2) n – the number of contaminants (pollutants determined i=1 by the association, established for the studied accumula- In accordance with the state of the environment, ap- tor WP). propriate decision to be made on disposal of production The level of contamination of the corresponding com- waste opportunities in the accumulator. Thus depending ponent of the medium is determined by the formulas: on the number of indicators environmental condition can CiW Cis CiA be referred to one of four loads: diW = ; dis = ; diA = ; (6) – acceptable, that there is such the technogenic load MACiW MACis MACiA at which preserved the structure and functioning of where CiW, CiS and CiA - the average value of the concen- ecosystems with slight (reversible) changes; tration of i-th pollutants, respectively, in water (mg/dm3), – dangerous - load at which the structure is still soil (mg/kg) and air (mg/m3) preserved, but there is disruption of the function- MACiW, MACiS and MACiA - the maximum permissi- ing ecosystem with a growing number of reversible ble concentration of i-pollutants, respectively, in water changes; (mg/dm3), soil (mg/kg) and the air (mg/ m3). – critical, that is, where the components of the envi- The average value of pollutants concentration in the ronment is suering a signicant accumulation of appropriate environment components are calculated ac- changes that lead to a substantial negative change in the status and structure of the ecosystem; Corporate environmental information system data storage development and management Ë 31 cording to the formulas: accumulation of admixtures or secondary source of contaminants in environmental media and food chains, as 1 1 1 CiW = ; CiS = ; CiA = ; well as admixtures ow in to the body by non-inhalation; Pm Pm Pm m · CjiW m · CjiS m · CjiA δi - correction that takes into account the eects on the var- j=1 j=1 j=1 (7) ious recipients, in addition to human. where m - the total number of water sampling points to de- In some cases, mentioned below, in the formula (9) termine the content ofpollutants; for determining the value of Ai, two additional factor must λ k - total number of soil sampling points on pollutants con- be entered: correction i on the probability of secondary tent; throw of admixtures into air after settling on surfaces (in- β g - the total number of air sampling points on pollutants troduced for dusts) and the correction i on the proba- content; bility of the formation with the participation of the origi- CjiW, CjiS, CjiA - concentration of i-th pollutants in j-th nal contaminants released into the atmosphere, the other sampling point of water (mg/dm3), soil (mg/kg) and air (secondary) pollutants, more dangerous than the original (mg/m3), respectively. (comes to light hydrocarbons). α δ λ β B. Basic semission srationing Indicator ai and amendments i, i, i, i are dimen- The main objective of pollutants emissions valuation sionless; Ai indicator when calculating the formula (9) is (using monitoring results) is to determine the normative assigned to the dimension of the cond. t / t. The numerical volumes of pollutants emissions by enterprise based on ag- value of the index ai is determined by the formula: gregate quality indicators of the basic components of the 1/2 MACw.z.CO · MACw.z.i.CO environment (soil and air). i = MACw.z..i · MACw.z.i Rationing pollutants emissions by enterprises should 1/2 60MS2/M6 be made on the following principles: = (10) – minimize damage to the environment, in conjunc- MACw.z..i · MACw.z.i tion with the simultaneous provision of uninterrupted where MACdaily.i- “daily average” maximum permissible functioning the enterprise; concentration of thei-thad mixtures in the ambientair; – consideration of aspects of the possible impact of MACw.z.i- Maximum permissible concentration value of emissions and discharges of pollutants on the envi- thei-thad mixture in air of a working zone; ronment in cooperation; MACdailyCO - “dailyaverage” maximum permissible con- – use of works on the standardization of emissions and centration of carbon monoxide (CO) in the air of populated discharges as a tool for the formation of the company’s areas, which is equalto 3 mg/m3; careful attitude to environment. MACw.z.CO - the limit value of CO concentration in the air of the working area of 20 mg/m3. The value of the reduced mass of pollutants annual emis- C. The calculation of the volume of production waste sions into the atmosphere from a source (gen - mass gener- Generally, in rationing the amount of production ation) is given by: waste, provided the design documentation for a particular N company, is taken as the initial value. In case of the dis- X Mgen = Ai · mi (8) crepancy of the actual performance of the enterprise with i=1 a projected capacity of volumes formation of production where mi - mass of the annual emission of i-th type admix- waste should be adjusted according to the formula: tures into the atmosphere, t/year; Centr Mgen = Mprj Cprod (11) Ai - an indicator of the relative aggressiveness of i-th type Cprj admixtures, cond.t/year; where M - mass generation – volume of production N - total number of contaminants emitted by the source gen waste formation, t/year, into the atmosphere Ai value determined by the formula: Mprj- projected volume of production waste formation, Ai = i · αi · δi (9) t/year, Centr - actual capacity of enterprise, t/year, where ai – an indicator of the relative hazard of ad mix- Cprj- projected capacity of enterprise, tures present in the air in haled by human; Cprod– conservation coecient of production waste. αi - correction, which takes in to account he probability of D. System structure 32 Ë Naizabayeva Lyazat et al.

One of the rst steps of creation of data management is In this article, we presented a part of environmental to organize storage to have a quick access to necessary in- monitoring, related to the construction of the system soft- formation. This information should be obtained with min- ware. imal cost, labor resources and with maximal reliability, Software implementation of the system, the basic accuracy and objectivity. Using a database not only pro- functions of client and server parts. vides easy access but also facilitate eective work with 1 Selection of Computer-Aided Software Engineering the stored data. This allows you to set rules and relation- (CASE) tools. ships within the repository, determine the behavior of spatially related geographic features and feature classes, and For database design ERwin system was chosen for the en- supporting the integrity of the data. Ecient storage and vironmental monitoring system for the following reasons: use of dierent types of data, the ability to determine the – creating a visual model of the database package to op- rules of behavior of spatially related geographic features timize the structure of the database and ensure its full and feature classes, as well as the rules of topology feature compliance with the requirements and objectives of multi-user editing geodatabase does ArcGIS 9.3 indispens- the organization; able when working with large amounts of heterogeneous, – This tool allows to describe a relational database ob- including unstructured information [20]. jects and the relationships between them on the basis For a detailed analysis and forecast of the risk of con- of the identied information needs of users, and then tamination of soil by various xenobiotics dierent meth- automatically generate the database structure; ods of mathematical modeling should be used. The lead- – using ERWin procedure reengineering (reverse engi- ing place among the software tools in the eld of envi- neering) can be carried out, which automatically cre- ronmental protection take soil/water xenobiotics pollu- ates a meta-information on schema and any data tion model: Hydrus [21]; LEACHM [22]; The WAVE, as well source objects. Subsequently, the meta-information as Russian software products developed by the company is used to determine the process of dening a meta- "Integral", combined in a series of "Ecolog" [23]. Hydrus layer required to generate ad hoc queries and database model is a set of Windows, based on the simulation soft- records; ware that may be used to analyze the ow of water, heat – system is well compatible with Oracle products. and dissolved transport in variably saturated porous media (such as soil). LEACHM model was developed in 1992 by J.Hutson and R.Wagenet [24] and is a one-dimensional 2 Database diagram of integrated model of the movement of water and dissolved substances, chemical reactions and absorption by plants in the aera- ecological system tion zone. Full diagram of our functional ecological system hier- Database diagram consists of 68 tables. For a more visual archy is shown in Figure 1. representation of the diagram, specically of those parts that are directly important to the task. Part of the diagram describing the subsystem of registration emissions to atmosphere is shown in Figure 2. The next part of the diagram, which presents the subsystem tables of registration of land reclamation, shown in Figure 3. The following chart presents the registration subsystem table of waste formation and storage:

3 The choice of database management system

Figure 1: Diagram of the functional hierarchy of the ecological sys- Since our project is meant to develop a powerful system tem that allows you to work simultaneously for many users Corporate environmental information system data storage development and management Ë 33

Figure 5: Technical Architecture of integrated ecological system Figure 2: Diagram on subsystem of registration emissions to atmosphere – Working with large volumes of data; – Ability to use PL / SQL procedural language.

Developed structure contains information about the geographic location of the former warehouse of pesticides, the number and identication, the level of contamination soil with obsolete pesticides, as well as information on woody and herbaceous plant species that are capable of restora- tion of soils contaminated with xenobiotics (heavy metals, Figure 3: Diagram of registration subsystem of land reclamation pesticides, radionuclides, petroleum hydrocarbons, chlo- rinated solvents). This information allows us to nd optimal solutions of problems of cleaning and disposal of the contaminated land, most importantly, make the right choice of optimal strategy of biological remediation of contaminated soils (bioremediation and phytoremediation). In addition, all the information contained in the database of contaminated sites to be remediated is in- cluded in the automated system of state registration of real estate. That is, the organization, responsible for carrying out land reclamation, transfers newly arrived information to land management bodies, cadastral registration, evalu- ation, registration, tax authorities and others by electronic exchange of information. Ecological system database consists of a number of in- terconnected tables. Ecological system database is a rela- Figure 4: Diagram of registration subsystem of waste formation and tional database. For a visual representation of the design storage and structure of the database the conceptual model nota- tion “Essence - Relations” is used. with large amounts of information, as a means of informa- The database contains a set of objects, which store all tion storage the use the corporate database was chosen. the primary and additional service information required For mentioned system Oracle database management to maintain the normal operation of other subsystems, as system was selected, because it provides: well as a set of software modules of business logic, respon- – The reliability, performance, scalability, data protec- sible for performing the necessary operations on this infor- tion mation. – Centralized storage of spatial data; Users do not interact directly with this subsystem. – Simultaneous operation of a large number of users; System is designed for the following tasks: 34 Ë Naizabayeva Lyazat et al.

– Air emissions from stationary and mobile sources of Earlier environmental services of oil companies, working pollution: in various regions of Kazakhstan, had some dierences in a calculation of annual requested limits of polluting the interpretation of some of the reporting forms and pay- emissions into the atmosphere according to the ments. Implementation of ES allowed to completely elim- production plans; inate these dierences, as it already introduced a single b calculation of quarterly data on emissions; template for all the documents required by environmental c formation of charges for pollution of the atmo- reporting. sphere, based on the calculated data; Corporate environmental monitoring database per- d forming of statistical reporting on emissions for forms the following tasks: any period and for any level of the organizational – storing and providing of primary information to the and structural hierarchy of business units; rest of subsystems; – Formation and storage of waste: – implementation of software modules of other subsys- a entering information about formation and waste tems; disposal; – simultaneous parallel access to data and software b calculation of charges for storage (location) of modules from number of users of subsystem; waste; – protection of information against unauthorized ac- c forming reporting on formation, disposal and cess; storage of waste for any period and for any level – data protection against loss in case of various failures of the organizational and structural hierarchy of – Replication between servers databases of main con- business units; trol machine and regional (from the regional oces to – Reclamation of soil: the main changes coming in these calculations and re- d enter information about the sites undergoing ports). reclamation; e forming reporting on reclamation of soils for any period and for any level of the organizational and References structural hierarchy of business units.

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