e r r a n t i FERRANTI, LTD., Halllnwood, Lancs. London Office : Kern House, Kingsway,W.C,2

15 A U G U S T 1947 SIXPENCE FORREST... L ighting Specialists

Forem ost in F luorescent The Fittings illustrated are available for IM M E D IA T E DELIVERY

An open-ended trough pendant fitting suit­ able for most industrial uses. Finished stove enamelled white internally and cream exter­ nally. Fitting can be supplied to carry 1, 2 or 3 Lamps. Also available with Vitreous Enamelled Reflector.

G 2760

An industrial ceiling fitting with built-in control gear arranged for easy access. Lampholder covers instantly detachable. Finished white stoved enamel. Fitting can be supplied to carry I, 2 or 3 Lamps.

Enquiries are invited for speoiai- purpose fittings for either tungsten or fluorescent lamps for which an expert designing staff is available.

MADE IN ACTON, LONDON. GEORGE

Orders are accepted, subject to our standard conditions of sale, a copy of which w ill be forwarded on request. FORREST AND SON LTD OSBORNE RD., ACTON, LONDON, W. 3. Te’ephone : ACORN 5081 (5 lines) E S T D . 1780 Telegrams : GEFSOL, ÈALÜX, LONDON

THE ELECTRICIAN IS AUGUST 1947 437

T R A P I N E X P a i n t T R A N S F E R S

The Finishing Touch! LINK YOUR PRODUCT AND PUBLICITY BY BRILLIANT TRAPINEX PAINT TRANSFERS The method of marking a product by means of brilliantly coloured paint printed “ Trapinex” transfers affords the perfect link up with other forms of publicity at point of sale. L. G. Hawkins & Co. Ltd. use this method of tying the nameplate in their press advertising with the same design of “ Trapinex” transfer on their electrical .hl« CK-« products. “ Trapinex” (Regd.) Transfers offer h~ jlc.s -.it *«tNo all the advantages of paint over printer’s ink. 'c* !>•■ «">»"*j*’ More brilliant colours in any number, bold [ -'""“Xh.-ro. design, long lasting durability, washability, and weather proof qualities.

Your Marking Problems Solved! “ Trapinex” Paint Transfers (Patd.) are used for an immense variety of purposes on products as diverse as cosmetics and heavy machinery for brand marks, name plates, warnings, diagrams, decorations, etc., as well WINDOW PUBLICITY as for packaging, display and publicity. Direct printing in paint on gleaming For window display applied direct to the glass in open plastics by the “ Trapinex” process provides designs, “ Trapinex ” Paint display cards for window or counter display at Printed Transfers have unique point of sale, or for railway and tube sights. advantages— no film or paper Advice freely given, but when you write for background obscures the goods, prices please state :— ( 1) Size, (2) Quantity, (3) N u m b e r a point which retailers fully of colours, (4) Purpose, (5) Wording required, (6) A appreciate. rough sketch would help, we have no stocx lines

TRAPINEX (R egd .) Paint Transfers are fully patented and manufactured only by . TRAPINEX LTD., 19, Commerce Works, 43, Commerce Road, Wood Green, London, HM' ’Phone:BotcesPark 68ii. ’Grams: Trapinex,Wood,London. Cables: Trapinex,London'

J5 AUGUST 1947 THE ELECTRICIAN 438

o u t p u t

s t e p p e d

u p ...

In the last six months we doubled production of 212K Memroy all-insulated switch-fuses. We showed substantial output increases in other M.E.M lines too, and the production drive continues. Before very long, the sheer weight of M.E.M. output will certainly make itself felt. But industry and housing are still demanding tremendous quantities of M.E.M. gear and, in spite of this fine response from the factory, demand still keeps ahead of supply. Your wholesaler has the difficult job of sharing out such supplies as are available. Your best plan is still to keep in touch with him.

Midland Electric Manufacturing Co. Ltd., Birmingham, 11 • Branches in London & Manchester

THE ELECTRICIAN Jjr AUGUST 1947 439

INDUSTRIAL

ELECTRIC

TIMER

Designed to with­ stand frequent and ar­ duous service in indus­ try, the BTH Timer has three ranges, namely:— 9 ' ïHg; BRíTISH ^ up to 5 min. in S sec. steps, rHOMS0N'HOUSTG|f Ca up to 2 0 min. in 2 0 sec. steps, up to 60 min. in 60 sec. steps. t i m e r rrre kb fchm ■w p i^. It is controlled by any form of pilot switch ft b r i t i s i p a t c n t s ó m * or push button and will give lasting trouble-free service.

Write for list No. 5 6 4 2 - 5

THE BRITISH THOMSON-HOUSTON COMPANY LIMITED. RUCBY. ENGLAND A 3761 m

i S AUGUST 1947 THE ELECTRICIAN 440 441

No. 2 TOOL AND CUTTER GRINDER

This machine requires no introduction.

Its unusual flexibility permits a variety of milling cutters, reamers, form tools, vers every a sp ect o f hobs, etc., to be easily, quickly and accurately ground.

W here these machines are installed, reductions in sharpening time of 15/- to 25 */are regularly effected— a valuable consideration when planning increased production.

WONQSET TOOL AND CUTTER GRINOER

Because of the Monoset’s extreme flexibility and built-in features, all

operations required to produce cutters CONTOUR CUTTER GRINDER | can be completed in one setting. Introducing for the first time the advantages of contour ground 'milling The Spiral Lead Mechanism generates cutters fully compensated for either straight or tapered, right-hand or left- undercut or helical teeth or, if hand, infinitely variable spirals with a required« both together. . Master template provides required single simple adjustment. form . Excellent concentricity is assured with Machine copies form with any desired clearance angle. subsequent smooth cutting action and A simple angular setting compensates long tool life. for “undercut". Interchangeable “ helix" cams mount on the left end of the work spindle and compensate for helix angle. The result — a new standard of form m illing. Alsogrinds:— Circular Form Tools. Single Point Form Tools.

THE ELECTRICIAN IS AUGUST i947 IS AUGUST 1947 THE ELECTRICIAN 442

THE ELECTRICIAN IS AUGUST 1947 443

The estimated number of electric cookers in service indicates YOUR potential market for SIMMERSTATS! The SIMMERSTAT (retail 21/-), fitted in place of the usual 3-heat or 4-heat hot-plate switch, MODERNISES any cooker, providing PERFECT SIMMERING control. E ve ry housewife that cooks by electricity is a potential customer. Write now for Trade Terms for immediate delivery to : SUNVIC CONTROLS LTD. STANHOPE HOUSE, KEAN ST., LONDON, W.C.2

C U t 'k e a t HOTPLATE CONTROL

TAS/SC. 119 IS AUGUST 1947 THE ELETRCICIAN Wires, from thickest to medium gauge, are drawn in one operation on all- British high speed ma­ chines using Tungsten Carbide and Diamond dies, ft.H jYMONDi giving perfect finish and gauge to meet the most exacting specifications re­ quired to-day. 47, Victoria Street, Westminster» London, S.W .I Telephone : Abbey 2771 (Pte. Br. Ex.) W orks ; Enfield, Middlesex

Open marine-type switchboard controlling three 200 kW generatora and circuits and Incorporating Dorman XL alr- break circuit breakers and Dorman "F " type switches as installed on the L.N.E. Railw ay's new cargo liner S.S. (John Brown & Co.,

E2I47 15 a u g u s t 1947 . . . new in design, efficiency, simplicity LOW CONSUMPTION and scope. This example from the range of HIGH SENSITIVITY new protective relays developed by HIGH TORQUE CHAMBERLAIN & H O O K H A M LTD., is an overcurrent and earth leakage relay READY ACCESSIBILITY which combines most advantages of earlier types of protective devices with EASY READING a number of especially valuable features.

For full information apply to the Manufacturers : CHAMBERLAIN & HOOKHAM LTD. BIRMINGHAM

IS AUGUST 1947 THE ELECTRICIAN

n 446

S E E WHAT IS WITH0 UT STOPPING FAST R MACHINES By installing a Scophony Electronic Stroboscope detailed inspection of all moving parts can be made without slowing orstopping machines ; or interfering with production in any way. The Stroboscope is a highly sensitive instrument which arrests visual motion, thus allowing the effect of vibration, bounce and wear to be observed in all rotating and reciprocating mechanisms. Such inspection saves sudden breakdowns and gives a truer appreciation of "cause and effect” in all types of machinery. The Scop hon y Strob oscop e is the wonder of this mechanical age and no wise maintenance engineer can afford to be without one. It is indispensable in mills, factories, garages, research laboratories, locomotion and a host of other places, — it’s another SCOPHONY PRODUCT SCOPHONY LIMITED

PRESS T OOLS PRESSINGS M O U L D S A N D JIGS

THE ELECTRICIAN iS AUGUST 1947 447

CROMPTON PARKINSON LTD, ASTOR HOUSE, CH, LONDON, W.C.2 Telephone : CHAncery 3333 Telegrams : Crompark, Estrand, London j 5 AUGUST 1947 THE ELECTRICIAN 448

PRISMALUX

DIRECTIONAL

LIGHTING UNITS

This new Die-cast Prismatic Fitting replaces the old style bulkhead fitting. For horizontal or vertical mounting.

Writer or booklet I It.580/ 1.

INEERING COMPANY LTD. CHESTER 16. Tel. TRAfford Park 1801 (3 Lines) London Office : 34, VICTORIA ST., LONDON, S.W. I

m ufacturers ge and small cmpl°>’ * * ' 0 raise the oH in trans- ,ear » oVCt ,assage-„„ -puiiy and automatic * 800 gallon

V o N D O H

enow«*

THE ELECTRICIAN IS AUGUST 1947 N EXT TIM E HELL GET AH ATLAS

Atlas lamps brighten up even the most brilliant ideas-men . . . throw new light on obscure situations . . . stay steady and strong when the human element fails. More and more efficient people are specifying Atlas lamps because they have checked up that for long life and sheer light value there is no better lamp. Every Atlas lamp is guaranteed to be made to strict B.S.I. specifica­ tion and is tested at each stage of manufacture. Write for terms today. A COMPLETE LIGHTING SERVICE Our lighting engineers will supply planned with common sense and you with exactly the lighting you ‘ eye-appeal ’. We offer you a com­ need, exactly where you need it. We plete, individual lighting service. design and supply modern fittings Why not get in touch? There is using new materials boldly, yet no obligation. ATLAS LAMPS

for STAYING POWER

a I36

THORN ELECTRICAL INDUSTRIES LTD., I05-I09JUDD ST., LONDON, W.C.I Tel.Euston 1183 NORTHERN BRANCH : STEVENSON SQUARE, MANCHESTER L TEL. CENTRAL 3185 N.E. DEPOT: 46 SANDHILL, NEWCASTLE-ON-TYNE 1. TEL. NEWCASTLE 24068

IS AUGUST 1947 THE ELECTRICIAN 4 5 0

TELEPHONES Lt*.

22, LINCOLN’S INN FIELDS W .C .2

THE MODERN

TREND in domestic elec- trical equipment is a vital factor in the competitive market of today. No dealer can afford to display or attempt to sell, an appliance which is not completely up- to-date in design and wholly reliable in THE AUTOMATIC TOASTER performance .... as, in turn, no house- is but one example from the DIAMIX range, which also includes the svife can resist the clean modern lines “ Junior ” and “ Push button ” and labour-saving efficiency of DIAMIX Cookers, Thermostatic Irons, Fires and Boiling Rings. Please write or products. 'phone for New Season's Catalogues.

BR1T1SH LIMITED UMLX METRUM W ORKS, BEATTY ST., CAMDEN TO W N , LONDON, N .W .l . EUS. 5951-2-3

THE ELECTRICIAN IS AUGUST 1947 (t Came at me like a camion ball — the idea that it can be made in rubber. Must speak to Lorival about it! ” RUBBER OR PLASTICS? While each material possesses its own characteristics, in many applications one is as suitable as the other, and in these times o f scarcity it is as well to have this in mind. Firms in need o f components, complete articles or packaging should seek our advice, which is based upon wide experience and specialized knowledge. We produce articles in rubber and ebonite as well as plastics, and our service includes design and manufacture.

LORIVAL PLASTICS

j f U Y UNITED EBONITE & LORIVAL LIMITED E O L ) LITTLE LEVER, NEAR BOLTON, LANCS

AUGUST 1947 THE ELbCiKiClAN 452

ELECTRICAL AND RADIO ENGINEERS quickly appreciate the value of having a reel of Barlecta Adhesive Thread handy in their tool kit or on the bench in the workshop.

$i>l)csiuc \ per 100 yard COMPLETE OVERHAULS REEL REWINDING ÍBarlecta) (subject) AND ■ ïbreaù IL W ound on metal spool. QUICK DELIVERY Enclosed In aluminium case.

Please order through your usual Wholesaler. BARRIES ELECTRICAL AGENCIES LTD. ELECTRICAL CO. LTD. 412-414, CALEDONIAN ROAD. KING STREET, BRIGHTON, 1. ISLINGTON, LONDON, N.7. Telephone: Brighton 8366 (7 lines) P.B.X. Telephone : NORTH 4871-2

The rather rummy looking object This enables the skirt to be fixed above is one section of the new after the wiring has been completed DS skirt for surface mounting the and means greater ease for the DS conduit box type socket. The wireman. other section is an absolute twin, Tust another ingenious addition and they get to- to the DS Fused gether as shown Plug and Socket below. range.

Announcement of VS Plug, Ltd., Manchester . London . Glasgow EIM-47 THE ELECTRICIAN I S A U G U S T 453

The article was a Copper Heat Exchanger

T h e J o b was to sweat on the fins using a minimum of solder and man hours and without employing skilled labour.

T h e M e t h o d was by using Fryolux Solder Paint. This was trickled on to the tubes between the fins. The whole unit was then placed in an oven and heated and the job was done. For quantity production a special container was made having the requisite number of spaced holes from which Fryolux Solder Paint flowed on to the tubes between the fins. FRYOLUX Solder Paint FOR TINNING AND SWEAT SOLDERING

Apply by brushing, spraying or dipping— heat by any convenient means— and the job’s done.

70% SAVING IN MATERIAL

50% SAVING IN LABOUR COSTS

FRY'S METAL FOUNDRIES Ltd., Tandem Works, Merton Abbey, London,S.W.1 9 And at MANCHESTER, GLASGOW, BRISTOL and DUBLIN.

15 AUGUST 1947 THE ELECTRICIAN 454

WEATHERPROOF M E T A L - C L A D Cast Brass Terminal Socket Plug with Guard Ring to PLUGS & SOCKETS and Cover protect Pins 5 to 300 Amp. 250 / 500 Vo!?.. 3 and 4 Pole Earthed Type and 2 Pole. For Electric Lighting and Power, Transmission, Communication, Portable Tools, etc. Terminal Socket & Cover Through Socket and Cover

Manufactured by SIMMONDS & STOKES LTD. VICTORIA HOUSE. SOUTHAMPTON ROW.' LONDON. W.C.I ; HOLBORN M)7

W ENGINEERING CO., (NOTTINGHAM) LTD. HASLAM ST., CASTLE BOULEVARD, NOTTINGHAM k

'PHONE: NOTTINGHAM 46068 <3 Unci)

‘GRAMS: CAPSTAN. NOTTINGHAM

ON AIR MINISTRY. ADMIRALTY AND WAR OFFICE LISTS REPETITION WORK I N A L L METALS

THE ELECTRICIAN 15 AUGUST 1947 OIL-FILLED SUPER TENSION 33 k V to 3 3 0 kV

Iir e l u -lIeneraI MANUFACTURERS OF EVERY KIND OF ELECTRIC CABLE

Advt. of Pirelli-General Cable Works Ltd., Southampton.

15 A U G U ST 1947 THE ELECTRICIAN 456

J u s i n g facilities

I E N G L I S H 1 E L E C T R I C INDICATING •y E N G L I S H ELECTRIC 44 R ” T Y P E "3 S I E M E N ’S J 500 v. D. C. TRACTION A S L Y D L O K REWIRABLE E.M .B .W . 160 TON F U S E L I N K MOULDING PRESS. SIMPLIFIED ADAPTABILITY F m b W The larger sizes in the New SLYDLOK Fuse range provide four alternative degrees of protection, from 250ACDC3, using the standard SLYDLOK rewirable Fuselink (at the cost of a fuse wire,) to SOOACDC4, MOULDING using one of three proprietary makes of H .R.C . cartridges, as sketched above, all without change of holder. Lower, but not higher, rated cartridges may PRESSES be Inserted in each respective size fuseholder The new EMBW PLASTIC and, equally important, neither can be inserted MOULDING PRESSES or used in the base without the other. embody many up - to - date features : Heavy welded steel side frames, replacing the old round type pillars, give great rigidity and enable the moving platen to be provided with proper slides. The bearing surfaces lie radial­ ly from the centre of the platen so that any expansion due to The fuse you will variations in temperature has no effect on the working eventually use clearance. Made in up-stroke and down- stroke types. 25 to 160 tons. EDWARD E U D CO. WEST ■ ll l i D i LTD. BRO M W ICH Sharston Road, Wythenshawe, Manchester. dm E.W . 13

THE ELECTRICIAN IS AUGUST 1947 457 Why it pays to specify “ SANTON” :—

1. The most complete and convenient Data-book in the industry . . . No more valuable time wasted hunting up the right water healer to suit Mrs. Smith ! All the information you require is at your fingertips in the new Santon Data-book. Contents of this handy reference volume include : SPECIFICATIONS o f a l l SANTON WATER HEATING FORMULAE. electric heaters as well as details Useful information includes tem. of loadings and sizes. perature conversion chart and WORKING DRAWINGS to help make formulae to provide all relevant installation even more simple. information. FLANGES for every type oi immer­ AUTOMATIC CALCULATOR. A t - a - sion heater fully described. AI bo glance figures give capacities of details of special fixing tools. ciBterns and cylinders of a l l s iz e s .

Write for your Copy of the Santon Data Book now to SANTON LTD A NEWPORT. 15, MON. (Tel. : 71211-3).

ELECTRIC WATER-HEATING S934A Trade Mark "SANTON”

IT AUGUST 1947 THE ELECTRICIAN 458

1 5 , 0 0 0 N T F E BATTERIES on duty 10 years

for repairs!

This was the actual experience of a Railway Company operating N IF E Batteries under very severe conditions. Obviously N IF E is no ordinary battery. It is an Alkaline cell of all-steel con­ struction, practically indestructible, entirely free from corrosive fumes and immune from damage even by dead “ shorting.”

?roof that there is more Lift , N IF E Nozu available for all purposes except private radio and private cars. NIFE BATTERIES LTD., Redditch, W orci.

THE ELEC TRICIAN IS AUGUST 1947 Bouverie House - 154 Fleet Street - London EC 4

Telegrams: “benbrotric fleet London” Telephone: c e n t r a l 32 12 (.13 lines) Editor: Stanley G. Rattee, A.M.I.E.E. Publisher and Manager: John Vestey

Number 3609 15 AUGUST 1947 Vol C X X X IX No. 7

CONTENTS Crisis and Exports Views on Current Affairs ...... 459 R EVIEWED against- a background of About Transformers—I ...... 462 tho electrical industry, the arrange­ Earthing Problems ...... 467 ments drawn up to meet tho national crisis show a lack of understanding of Standardisation of Voltage ...... 468 tho general industrial position, of tho Portrait—Sir George Nelson ...... 469 conditions now obtaining, and of the requirements for improvement. Electrical Personalities...... 470 High in tho list of objectives to be Load Spreading ...... 471 attainod is an expansion of export trade, Book Reviews ...... 472 and since tho electrical industry is already contributing substantially to that Locomotive Testing Plant ...... 473 trade while meeting the demands for Notes from India ...... 474 generating and other equipment at home, it is in a position to look upon tho ex­ Electricity Supply ...... 475 port. forecasts made by Government Electrical Statistics ...... 476 spokesmen with an appreciation of the difficulties, sounder in its judgment than Riverside Station at Poplar ...... 477 that of the political world. Equipment and Appliances..... 478 Any rcviow of those forecasts must, in Industrial Information ...... 479 tho first place, take into account tho fact that most of the industry of tho Contracts Open ...... 481 country as a whole—from tho making Company News ...... 482 of machines to the production of Commercial Information ...... 484 cotton goods; from the making of steel to the manufacture of furniture; from the building of ships to tho running of railways—is largely dependent in vary­ MIDLANDS OFFICE: ing degree on the renewal or first instal­ Daimler House, Paradise Street, Birmingham lation of electrical plant of various kinds; Telephone: Midlands 0784—5 on olectrical power to run the plants; SCOTTISH OFFICE: and in many cases on continuous elec­ 116, Hope Street, Glasgow, C.2 tricity supply for process operation. Telephone: Central 3970 For well over two years the national peak The offices of The Electrician are closed on Saturdays load has been at a figure far in excess in accordance with the n Five-day Week" plan adopted of generating capacity; the manufactur­ by Benn Brothers, Ltd. ing output of electrical plant for indus­ SINGLE COPY (FRIDAY) - - - 6d. try has been restricted by steel and other (BY POST) - - 8d. shortages; load shedding has been wide­ ANNUAL SUBSCRIPTION spread in the van ter months; and the HOME AND OVERSEAS - 30s power stations have been short of coal. 4 6 0 To meet these conditions the industry and simply, might have brought the of the country is now engaged in shaping desired results a year ago, to-day, out­ schemes which will by staggering work­ put must be balanced against quality in ing hours reduce the peak load by a design, perfection in performance and third; by rigid economy in power con­ advanced technique. These conditions sumption in tho domestic hold during are, it is certain, well within the capacity the summer, coal stocks have been built of British industry, but if they are to be up at the ¡lower stations to a volume met, will demand, from Government equal to four and a half weeks’ winter departments, less interference and the supply; and since July last year an in­ maximum possible supply of raw crease in generating capacity of about materials; and, from tho individual in 330 MW has been brought about. So oveiy occupation, the determination to far so good ; but against tho latter figure exert that degree of additional effort of 330 MW additional plant, must be which will succeed in changing the pros­ recorded the fact that the national pects of approaching economic disaster demand for electricity supply during into those which will ensure national January to June this year increased by stability and, finally, prosperity. about 5.8 per cent, when compared with the first half of 1946, and last week-end Industry’s Unheeded Warnings street and factory lighting were added THE word crisis is to-day, too freely, to the load., used, in that there is nothing in our present embarrassment which has not Sales and Production been expected. Those who control our THE above examples of the conditions destinies have called it the eleventh under which tho industry of the country hour, and if we accept that descrip­ is working are only a few of those which tion as correct it must be because could be quoted, but are, we submit, tho warnings of industry, like those sufficient in number to indicate that the which preceded tho fuel crisis, have not export targets held up by the Govern­ been heeded. If it is the eleventh hour ment are largely theoretical in value in of a crisis, it is also that hour when tho present stage of post-war recovery, might be expected a clear declaration and in any case make no allowance for of the facts of our industrial position, tho fact that countries, unhampered by and a removal of the red tape and fetters any form of crisis, are competing for the which restrain the wheels of industry same overseas trade. That industry in and oppress those engaged in turning general will do its best and that the elec­ them. It is tho hour for less talk ; for trical industry in particular will do less muddlèd thinking; for more nation ; everything possible to meet the demands and more work. mado upon it, are not in doubt ; it. would, however, be wrong for the public to be Technical Training and Research led into behoving that the unqualified IN view' of the I.E.E. Report on the manufacture of goods for export is the practical training of professional sole solution. Apart from the necessity of engineers, and our remarks upon it in putting our own house in order before T h e E lectrician of J u ly 18 last, it is of we can hope to produce at maximum interest to note that there have been capacity, the goods which will result submitted to the Lord President of the when that condition obtains will have to Council and the Minister of Education, bo sold in a market already showing the recommendations of the Parliamen­ signs of becoming selective compared tary and Scientific Committee with with a year ago. In these circumstances, respect to colleges of technology and the inquiry must bo made to ensure that the training of technical man-power. In goods we make will be those which will effect the recommendations confirm the bo wanted as the months go by; and findings of the electrical industry, that that they are offered at the right, price. in order to restore and enhance our industrial position, it is necessary for Less Interference—More Materials research not only to be carried out as GOVERNMENT spokesmen suggest that widely and as extensively as possible, but production is the key to tho crisis prob­ to ensure that its results are applied lems, and though production, broadly promptly to production. Before this con­

THE ELECTRICIAN IS AUGUST 1947 461

dition can bo brought about, however, tronic equipment needed is small, the the trained output of our technological cost is negligible in comparison with the colleges must be sufficiently knowledge­ improved output which can be obtained, able to appreciate the industrial applica­ and there are available many electroni­ tions of such research, itho number of cally-minded engineers, capable of de­ graduates of such colleges must be in­ veloping such equipment. The main reason creased to at least double its present why such techniques have not been more figure, while the standard of training generally adopted, is attributed by Dr. will need to he raised to one approach­ T homas to the fact that industry is not ing that set by the universities. yet aware of the potentialities of elec­ tronic engineering, and docs not realise Adequacy of Teaching Staff the enormous possibilities of applying this new aid; and, to a lesser degree, to TECHNICAL training is further cham­ the fact .that the manufacturers of elec­ pioned by the I.E.E., for in a special tronic equipment are naturally averse to report, abstracted in last week’s issue, developing at their own expense equip­ tho question of research in the radio ment which may have an uncertain or field was covered. Here, as in other limited market. Dr. T homas suggests branches of industry, the early avail­ that it is only by bringing together the ability of research results is empha­ industrial scientist associated with the sised, and tho suggestion is put development of a particular product, and forward of disseminating details of tho electronic “ expert,” who usually is research work through some form of unfamiliar with tho practical problems of bureau.- Among the difficulties winch production, that progress will be made. have to bo overcome before itho colleges In Ithe interests of the national economy can ibe ex p ected to increase th e num ber such electronic “ experts ” should be of graduates available to industry, how­ given wido scope to apply their ever, is that concerned with teaching specialised knowledge to improve indus­ stall. Tho opportunities presented by trial processes. such colleges are few when compared with either the universities or industry, The Transport Commission and until appointments in them are made THE appointment of Sir Cy r il H urcomb more attractive there is a danger that to the chairmanship of the Transport the recommendations so often made by Commission, means that sooner or later the electrical industry, tho engineering the industry will lose an old friend. institutions and others, may not be as As chairman of the Electricity Com­ widely adopted as is hoped through sheer mission, Sir Cy r il has maintained a spirit inability to find enough technical teach­ of co-operation and understanding with ing staff to carry them out. the industry throughout many years of outstanding difficulties, and many will Electronic Aids to Production miss him. Anothor electrical personality HOW a more widespread use of elec­ from an administrative point of view is tronic devices in industry would lead to a L o rd A sh fie l d , who, as the pioneering greatly increased output of manufactured spirit behind the London Underground, goods and so assist materially in over­ made our system the envy of the world. coming the present economic crisis, is He, too, is destined for the Transport indicated by Dr. H. A. T homas, principal Commission, though in his case his new scientific officer' in the Radio Division responsibilities will not be so very of the National Physical Laboratory, in different from those he at present carries an article headed “ Electronics as an Aid as chairman of London Transport. Tho to Production,” in a recent issue of nature of these new appointments will the Board of Trade Journal. As he ensure their holders making at least points out, the correct application of some continued contact with electrical electronic technique leads not only to industry, for among, the problems of greater production per man-hour, but road and rail which confront them are effects very important- improvements in those concerned with the furtherance of the quality and consistency-of the manu­ railway electrification and encourage­ factured product. The quantity of elec­ ment in the use of the electric vehicle. ry AUGUST 1947 THE ELECTRICIAN 462 About Transformers b y G. O. CASTEEL, M.LE.E. Design and Construction of the Core This is Part I of a series of articles in which the author will discuss and describe the materials used in the design and construction of power transformers. Methods of manu­ facture, processes involved, and the tests to which both materials and components are put, will be referred to as the series progresses, together with explanations of how various engineering problems relating to transformers are overcome.

T HE majority of three and single- these provide a useful guide, but practical phase transformers built in this coun­ necessity limits the designer to a number try are of the “ core” type of construction, of standard core sections and probably a with coils w'ound on circular mandrels and number of standard leg lengths and leg cores built with various widths of plate, centres for each section. Peculiarities of all, however, within a circular perimeter. customers’ specifications, such as non­ In point of fact, the best use of the standard reactances or unusual ratios of materials is made if the core is rectangu­ lar in shape with a ratio of length to breadth of about 1.8 to 1 ; the round coil, however, has the advantage of superior mechanical strength, while it is easier to wind and to insulate, is more likely to be dimensionally constant in manufacture, and cooling is generally more efficient. In the case of large transformers, mechanical strength is an over-riding consideration, but for small transformers, of high effici­ ency such as form the bulk of the distri­ copper loss to iron loss, further confuse the bution units in America and Canada, a use of theoretical formula. In addition, rectangular coro is invariably used. The although many of the formula! includo the cost of the comparatively large quantities cost of copper and core steel, the author of iron and copper necessary to obtain has yet to see one which takes into account the desired efficiency, swamps the extra the cost of insulations, constructional steel labour charges entailed by this form of and oil, all of which affect the final deci­ construction, while the materials are sion. The choico of core dimensions is worked at such conservative loading that always the offspring of trial and error out cooling presents no problems and the of experience. mechanical forces met with in distribution sizes are not serious. Core Circle Steps.—Having decided upon For the purposes of this series of articles, a round core of the form illustrated in however, consideration will be given to the Fig. 1, it has to be decided how many standard practice in this country, and this different widths of core plate to employ, implies the use of round cores. or, as it is more commonly expressed, how Core Dimensions.—Every student is, many steps to put into the core circle. essumedly, familiar with Kapp’s Propor- Again, the designer has to arrive at the VARNISH

R e s is t o r s - e a c h WITH RUBBER THERMOSTATIC CONTROL FURNACE ROLLERS \ ( 0 ) = = H i

CONVEYOR ****■— ------" ’ COREPtATES II VARNISH SUMP Fig. 2 tions and various other formula; which pro­ vide a theoretical or an empirical method of arriving at the various dimensions of the optimum between practical considerations core for any given transformer. Some of and the best use of the basic materials; the THE ELECTRICIAN IS AUGUST 1947 463 former would dictate one plate width, that necessities jostle with theory. Thocore steel is a square core within a round coil, while comes from tho suppliers in sheets of the latter would require every plate to bo standard sizes and must be cut with a of slightly different width to the next, so minimum of wastage; ideally, every core obtaining a truly round core which would, plato width should be an exact divisor of tho sheet -width; if not, various combina­ tions of plate width must divide exactly into the sheet width, but in tho latter ease tho proportionate amounts of the various plato widths required and/or obtained must be borne in mind. Tho yokes or horizontal members of the magnetic circuit, connecting the vertical limbs together, top and bottom, are com­ monly made larger in section up to about fifteen per cent.; tins being a method of reducing the iron loss without affecting the length of tho winding turns. If a of course, provide the maximum useful greater reduction in loss is attempted by section from any core circle. Usually three, further increasing the yoke area, the four or five steps are found to be best, depending on the size of the transformer and the relative costs of core steel and labour. Unless the core steel is to bo re-annealed after cutting and punching, tire use of vory narrow plates to obtain the maximum of iron section within the circle defeats its own object. A small area adjacent to a cut edge is affected' by the tool both as to permeability and loss characteristic, and in narrow plates the affected portion be­ comes an appreciable propor­ tion of tho whole and the de­ signed figures will not be maintained on test. Dimensions of Steps There is a simple mathematical ex­ pression giving the dimen­ Fig. 5.— Core of 45 M V A transformer sions of the various steps to obtain tire maximum of iron section forany method fails because the effect of the given number of steps, but again practical longer length of flux path through the DUCTS upper areas of the yoke becomes notice­ able, and the flux tends to crowd into that part of the core adjacent to the limbs. Whatever the proportion of yoke area to leg area, the various packets in the yoke must bear the same relationship to the corresponding packet in tho limb, otherwise cross fluxes will develop at the joints, causing increased losses'and mag­ netising current, the risk of local heating and an increase in noise. About half the noise produced by a transformer core in normal operation is duo to magneto-striction and this" can only be reduced by lowering the working flux density. Tho remainder is produced at the joints and can be-minimised by careful building, rigid clamping and the elimination of cross fluxes. A complete IS AUGUST 1947 THE ELECTRICIAN 464 transformer will produce other extraneous to break down quickly if a hot spot should noises from leads and fittings, but this develop in the core. Paper, like the mix­ will bo discussed elsewhere. tures mentioned, which are usually Core Losses.—The loss in a core when it applied with a spray, can only be applied is excited consists in part of hysteresis conveniently to the original sheet; enamel and varnish are, on the contrary, usually applied to the core plates after cutting and puneliing, which means that all the cut edges are insulated. This would be of no great importance if every core were perfectly cut, punched and assembled, but it provides a very real safeguard in this imperfect world where minute burrs some­ times appear on the edges and holes just a little out of alignment. Fig. 2 shows, in outline, a typical plant for varnish insulating of core plates; the laminations are fed through power driven rubber rollers which are constantly sup­ plied with varnish from the tank above. The pressure and speed of the rollers and the temperature and viscosity of the varnish must all be carefully controlled if a film of constant thickness and con­ sistency is to be obtained. From the rollers the core plates pass on to a con­ veyor belt which travels through a tunnel furnace; this ■ may be heated by gas Fig. 7.— Core o f small transformer, showing burners, electric resistors or infra rod, but limb bound with webbing tape it must be thermostatically controlled, in stages, throughout its length. A batch of loss, of which the frequency of the supply voltage, the maximum value of the flux density and the nature of the material are contributory factors. The balance consists of eddy current loss which de­ pends upon the frequency, the flux density, the ohmic resistance of the core steel and the thickness of the laminations. For this reason the sheets are made as thin as can bo economically produced, and conveniently handled by the trans­ former makers; 14 mils, is the thickness in general use for power transformers; laminations of 7 mils, thickness have been produced for high frequency applications and the stampings used for small trans­ formers designed for radio frequencies, are 4 mils, thick; the production costs for the thinner sheets increase very rapidly. In a modem core of 14 mils, thick laminations, the eddy current losses repre­ sent about twenty per cent, of the total loss at fifty cycles. Cere Plate Insulation.—-The reduction in eddy current losses by laminating the core can only bo obtained if every core Fig. 8.— Core for transformer of I 000 k V A , plate is effectively insulated from the showing simple limb bolting next; paper, varnish, enamel and various mixtures of chalk, flour, isinglass and random samples must be tested every kaolin have all been used for this purpose. day, for thickness of film and insulation Paper requires an extensive plant for value; typical values are a film of three- its application to the sheet. It, in itself, ten-thousandths of an inch in thickness occupies a comparatively large area of with a breakdown voltage of 200 V. A the core giving a space factor of only thicker varnish film is likely to be imper­ about eighty-five per cent., and it is liable fectly stoved and possibly tacky; the in-

THE ELECTRICIAN 15 AUGUST tV4? 465 sulation value may appear satisfactory, but of solid insulation, such as 10 mil. thick it would deteriorate when clamping pres- pressboard, at frequent intervals through- sure was applied to the core; a thinner film will not record a satisfactory insulation value. If the core plates are to be reannealed after cutting and punching, it must bo earned out before the insulating process, which is, of course, impossible in the case of those materials applied to the original sheet. Reannealing is carried out in an inert atmosphere at a temperature of about 700° C. Building the Core. When the plates have been prepared the cores are built by hand. The core clamps and flitch plates are ar­ ranged in a jig on a suitable table with upright pins of the appropriate diameter and convenient length in the bolt holes; the core plates are threaded over the pins. The joints between the core legs and the yokes are, in modern transformers, in­ variably of the inter-leavcd type; this is obtained by overlapping the plates suc­ cessively in opposite directions, as depicted in Fig. 3, wherein, for clarity, the plates have been drawn of exaggerated thickness. Best electrical results would bo obtained if the laminations were to bo interleaved singly, but it is general practice to build the cores with laminations in twos, threes or fours; this shortens the time required for building and reduces the chances of buckling plates. Coro plates insulated with paper or with . the sprayod-on mixtures are usually insu­ lated on one side only of each sheet; varnish or enamel applied by rollers covers both sides of the plate and it is usual '\S■ ID- Distribution transformer for Cana- then to build with insulated and uninsu- aian systems. The rectangular form of latcd plates stacked alternately. In addi- construction enables a very high electrical tion, it is good practico to insert a sheet efficiency to be obtained out the depth of the com. If this is done it is important to make an electrical connection in the shape of a small earth clip between each packet and th e next. When the core has been built up to the specified depth, the second set of core clamps and flitch plates is added; bolts and their insulation .are substituted for the building pins and the core is clamped up. Small cores am built as described, but without the top yoke plates being in­ cluded; larger cores are built and clamped.complete and the top yoke plates removed after the core has been stood up- . right; in either case the top yoke plates have to be built in by hand after the wind- Fig. 9.—Flant for applying varnish insulation to transformer ings have been assembled on core laminations th e legs. iy AUGUST 1947 THE ELECTRICIAN 466

The top and bottom yokes are clamped and magetising current at the earliest op­ between rigid steel plates of. flat, anglo portunity, but if the change is rapid and or U-soction held by bolts passing com­ considerable, the transformer should be pletely through the core section; these disconnected and examined immediately. clamp plates have welded to them various A compensating winding is included to fittings for locating the transformer in the prevent primary voltage variations giving tank, supporting electrical leads, carrying a false impression of developing trouble. switches and other auxiliary apparatus arid To cool thef core effectively, it is neces­ generally form the basis for the whole sary to have a sufficient area of the edges mechanical structure of the transformer. of tlie laminations exposed to a free flow The core limbs in the very smallest sizes of oil. The heat conductivity in the direc­ may be firmly bound with webbing tape; tion of the laminations is several hundred in the medium sizes they are clamped at times greater than that across the lami­ intervals with bolts and washers, while nations, any area therefore, on tho sides the larger cores have their limbs clamped of tho plates is practically useless for cool­ between steel flitch plates, similar to, but ing purposes, and it is always ignored much simpler in construction, than the when calculating core temperatures. Cores yoke clamping plates. of larger size include one or more cooling Yoke Section.—All these clamping struc­ ducts and for the reason just explained tures and all the bolts passing through these must bo at right angles to the direc­ the core must be insulated from the core tion of the laminations. Fig. 5 shows the and from one another. Sheets of prcss- core of a 45 MVA three-phase transformer, board separate the clamps from the core and it will be seen that there is one cross and the bolts are insulated with Bakelite duct in the centre of each limb. Tho five tubes and washers. Fig. 4 shows a yoke limb construction, by reducing the yoke section of typical construction. Great'care height and providing the extra surface of must be taken in adjusting the length of the end membors, makes a duct in the the Bakelite tubes insulating the bolts. If yoke unnecessary. This form of construc­ too short they may fail to enter the Bake- tion was probably decided upon in tho lito washers and if too long they will be first place to reduce the height of the crushed when pressure is applied; in either transformer for transport purposes. case the insulation value may be destroyed. Large three-limb cores have been built If all these parts are not properly insu­ with continuous ducts in both limbs and lated, an electrical circuit linking some yokes as illustrated in Fig. 6. This effect part of the core flux, may be formed. To is obtained by building a, b, and c each as this circuit a voltage, depending upon the a separate interleaved structure, and then amount of flux linked, will be applied, and assembling the whole within the clamping the resulting stray current will set up local plates. Tho clamping plates must be heating which may develop into a core designed to allow an uninterrupted flow burn out. It is usual to flash-test core of oil through all the ducts and if this is bolt, insulation a t 2 000 V : the clamping done excellent cooling is obtained. structures are connected to the core, elec­ ( To be continued) trically, at one point only and the whole is then earthed through the tank. Prominent among tho displays at the Core State Indicator.—A recent develop­ Royal Welsh Agricultural Show at Car­ ment produced by one British manufac­ marthen, on August 6, which was attended turer, is a “ core state indicator.” This by Princess Elizabeth, was that of electri­ instrument, as its name implies, is intended cal labour saving devices for the farm and to give early warning of any possible farmhouse in tho marquee of the E.D.A. trouble due to insulation breakdown within The exhibit was organised by the South the core or clamping structures. It is Wales Area Committee of the association, known that a voltago may be measured and it demonstrated that every farm across tho laminations of a core; the value operation involving the use of light, heat, measured is a proportion of tho volts per motive power, or refrigeration could bo turn of the transformer and varies with aided and improved by the application of the core design, but it is constant for any electricity. In the dairy section there given situation as long as the insulation were a cold room, milk cooling plant, remains sound. The indicator consists, churn stools, and the electrode boiler and essentially, of a voltmeter connected sterilising chest which won the Royal across the yoke clamping plates and cali­ Agricultural Society’s silver medal at Lin­ brated so that the normal voltage, for tho coln. Demonstrations were given of elec­ design of core to be protected, reads zero. trically driven mills, electric motor-driven Any deviation, in either direction, means sack hoists, and electric pumps for supply­ that a change in insulation value is taking ing water for farm and domestic purposes. place somewhere within the core. If the In tho poultry section were shown in­ deviation is small and gradual the sug­ cubators and brooders, and on the home gested procedure is to check the core loss side, cookers and other appliances. THE ELECTRICIAN IS AUGUST 1947 467 — Earthing Problems------By cc S u p e r v i s o r ” In the article below is continued the controversy of insulation versus earthing, against a background of present-day housing schemes and the effect of material shortages. The author puts forward the suggestion that rigid earthing requirements are not in general necessary in small domestic installations mid points out that in some instances confusion may result.

N O apology ia needed for a return to a means of obtaining relief from all such consideration of earthing problems in biassed ideas, but unfortunately in this these notes, as the subject is as “ burn­ caso tho architect’s specification had in­ ing” as ever, and even, in view of recent cluded tho fatal clause—“ to tho com­ occurrences, may be said to have taken plete satisfaction of the supply authority .” on added importance. The years’-old con­ —which gave the personal fads of the troversy of insulation versus eartliing authority’s engineer full scopo. shows no sign of abating in these days, Even more astonishing was tho require­ when some sort of finality might reason­ ment on another housing estate that ably have been reached; instead, wo find earth wires were to be rim to insulated that the position is as acute as ever. pattern surface type switches mounted on The writer has recently had an oppor­ non-metallic boxes, on tho grounds that tunity of seeing at first hand some of the the Bakelito doJly might break and an present-day practices associated with the exposed metal centre prove of danger to electrification of housing schemes and how thé consumer. This might have been con­ problems are being solved. Most of these ceded in tho caso of switches mounted problems arise through lack of supplies of in kitchens and similar situations, but the materials immediately required, and the requirement, applied to overy switch the insistence of the building side usually in the house, most of them being in means that all sorts of expedients are now earth-free positions. adopted in order to get installations com­ The I.E .E . Regulation No. 1001 (A) plete and in some sort of working con­ affords reasonable means of escape from dition. It must bo said that in many any such onerous requirements, which have cases the solutions roflect great credit on the effect of seriously inoreasing wiring thoso responsible, but the aspect of the' costs, delaying work, and using up problem to bo discussed hero arises rather material in short supply. In practically from an undue prominence given to earth­ all cases, however, this application of ing requirements in - these solutions, and earthing rules is due to someone’s per­ which appear to bo duo to a distorted sonal ideas, and it seems clear that many idea of the reason for the initiation of people are so imbued with the belief that regulations governing earthing. electricity is too dangerous a force to be In one largo housing estate, for instance, placed in the service of humanity without the serious lack of steel conduit led to its being hedged round and about with tho uso of non-metallic conduit, with, at every possible restriction, that they go out the same timo, the use of the metal switch of their way to find ways of increasing boxes already in the contractor’s store. protective applications which cannot be This proved to be perfectly satisfactory, justified from electricity’s record of safe as the conduit fitted into tho outlets of usage. In other words, we may be in the pressed-steel boxes, but tho writer the same danger as Frankenstein of old, was astonished to see that earth wires and our earthing regulations may in time had been run in the conduits to each be applied so stringently that they govern and every such switch box, and a more all our doings. A fair instance of this is or less sound connection made to a screw the above related connection of an earth in the box. wire to tho bridge of an insulated switch, It was pointed out that the boxes were to protect tho user against tho one chance to be concealed under plaster, and would in a million that he may get a shock from be covered by a Bakelito plate with in­ an exposed metal centre of a dolly. sulated pattern flush switch. The answer In tho writer’s opinion, based upon was that the local authority had insisted recont observation, not moTe than half upon the earthing of these boxes, and as the legitimate earthing arrangements made this body is one of the most “ difficult ” in small houses are effective, and only in tho country, no relaxation of this provide a false sense of security. Tests rather peculiar requirement could be are often perfunctory, if made at all— secured. It may be said that there are on one estate the installation foreman IS AUGUST 1947 THE ELECTRICIAN 4 6 8

chose one installation in each block for The average electrical man will prob­ a continuity test, and if that was good ably dismiss this view as unworthy of a assumed that all the others were adequate. second thought, but we have to remember In this case, tho supply authority made that but for war-time stringencies we no tests beyond the usual insulation test, should never have entertained for a minute and had even connected two installations the construction of overhead lines without in which tho main wires were both red. earthing pole equipment and fittings, as In all seriousness, the writer puts for­ came into common practice in 1942. We ward tho view that stringent earthing now find that the operation of unearthed requirements should not be applicable to lines, even up to 33 kV, has often proved small house installations, or to domestic more reliable than was the case under tfle installations in general. It is not without old conditions, and it is reasonable to significance that the four most recently think that domestic and similar installa­ reported fatalities—tbrco domestic and tions might prove .better from the fire and ono industrial—were due to tho incorrect shock aspect, without earthing, and would connection of a three-core flexible to a plug. cost a great deal less. It is no answer to say that a consumer It is true that transformers and pole should never himself connect up electrical switches are still earthed in unearthed line apparatus to plugs—nothing can stop him construction, and of course should bo and he will continue to do it. The where liigli voltages are concerned. Tho presence of a third, and apparently un­ cookor and the washing machine, located necessary, -wire in the flex, confuses him, in rathor more vulnerable situations than and it gets connected to the wrong ter­ the rest of the equipment in the house minal; it appears certain .that safety would might still be earthed, but in a proper bo enhanced with the omission of this and engineering manner, with protective third wire. conductors. Improved insulation on the The regulations already deprecate the equipment is the answer for the rest, how­ earthing of portable equipment with ex­ ever, and we have no lack of good syn­ posed elements, and nearly all radiators thetic materials in .those days; insulation used in the house fall into this category. must always ho the ideal, and we are in Yet makers almost invariably fit three- a position to achieve it. core flex’s to such equipment, and tho The application of rigid earthing re­ purchaser is lucky indeed if ho gets the quirements to small house installations connections right in a three-pin plug, and seems to bo all wrong, especially when safe in a two-pin. Tho writer would, carried to such fantastic lengths as the however, retain the three-pin plug as eartliing of dollies on insulated switches. non-rcversiblo, and ensuring the connec­ What is the purpose of designing and tion of local switches of apparatus in the installing such equipment if we then pro­ phase line, which is important, but with­ ceed .to treat it as potentially dangerous out any connections to 'the third pin or and earth ovory screw to eliminate the socket tube. million-to-one chance!

Standardisation of Voltage T HE Electricity Commissioners draw voltage they are equally suitable, with attention to tho faot that the effect of necessary adaptation for a change of the approval by them on September 21, system from d.c. to a.c. .1946, of a standard system for the supply Tho Commissioners recognise that short­ of low and medium voltages is that after age of labour and material is likely to O ctober 1 the new standard will, unless delay any extensive change-over and that some other system is specifically approved, the shortage of plant makes it generally bo mandatory in respect of new systems undesirable at present to raise the voltage brought into use after that date. of 230 V systems to 240 V owing to the While there i3 no intention at present resultant additional demand. Except in of making the new standard mandatory in cases of change from 250 or 230 V to the relation to existing non-standard systems, new standard, however, preliminary in­ discussions have been proceeding with the vestigation is required before any labour Electricity Supply Joint Committee since and materials would be used and the September last, as to the conditions which Commissioners are prepared to give their could reasonably he applied in cases where consent to a change of system or voltage undertakers change-over from a non­ in the case of an undertaker in a position standard voltage to the standard, and to proceed with the necessary preliminary agreement has now been reached in tho work and who desires to have everything matter. Although the conditions are drawn ready to put the work in hand as soon as up to deal only with a change of a.e. circumstances permit.

THE ELECTRICIAN • 15 AUGUST 1947 < 6 9 Portrait—Sir George Nelson

S IR GEORGE NELSON is chairman and managing director of the English Elec­ tric Company; he is also chairman of Marconi’s W. T. Co. and of D. Napier and Son, Ltd- Ho is chairman of the Power and Traction Finance Co., and a director of the Power and Traction Co. (Poland), Ltd., and the Micanite and Insulators Co. Sir Georgo received his technical train­ ing at the City and Guilds Technical College of London, and took his Diploma before ho was 18. He was awar'ded the Mitchell Exhibition and Brush Student­ ship, and became a premium pupil at the Brush Electrical Engineering Co., of Loughborough, and at 22 became their chief outside engineer. He joined the British Westinghouse Co. (now Metro- politan-Vickers Electrical Co., Ltd.) in 1911, an d in 1920 becam e m anager of their Sheffield works. His first association with the. English Electric Company, Ltd., com­ menced in 1930, when he became managing director, a n d in 1933 chairm an and managing director of the company. D. Napier and Son were taken into the group in 1943, and Marconi’s Wireless Telegraph Co. in 1946. The Knighthood conferred on Sir George in 1943 was in recognition of th e vast amount of public work which he has con­ tinually undertaken. He has been a member of the Council of His activities in connection With indus­ the E.I.B.A. for some years, and a Life try generally, and engineering in particu­ Member of the Guild of Benevolence of the lar, are widespread. Ho was president of Institute of Marine Engineers. As the son the Federation of British Industries in of a Freeman he was born Free of the 1943-45, and vice-president and chairman City of London and is a liveryman of the of Council of the British Electrical and Worshipful Company of Coach Makers and Allied Manufacturers’ Association, He Coach Harness Makers, and also a mem­ has been a member of the Council of ber of the Goldsmiths’ Company. the Society of British Aircraft Construc­ Apart from his engineering activities,, he tors since 1941, a member of the Tech­ nical Committee of Lloyds Register of is a member of the. Council. of Town and Shipping since 1945, and of th e Finance Country Planning, of the National Geo­ and Reconstruction Committee of the graphical Society of Washington, and heT is vice-president of the Staffordshire Asso­ Royal Institute of International Affairs ciation of Boys’ Clubs. since the same year. In the field of technical education, Sir Sir George was horn in 1887, in London, George, whose own academic career was and married Miss Florence Howe in 1913. exceptional, has been a member of the They have two children, a son and a T.E.E. from the earliest possible age. and daughter. The son is Mr. H. G. Nelson, later of the “ Mechanicals,” on whose managing director of D. Napier and Son, Council he has sat since 1943. He has Ltd., and a director of the English Electric. been a member of the governing body of Co., the Marconi W. T. Co., Ltd., the Queen Mary’s College of the University of Marconi International Marine Co.. Ltd., London sineo 1945, and also of the General and their subsidiaries, while the daughter, and Executive Boards of the N.P.L. _ He married Mr. E. M. Price, who is the is president of the Union of Educational manager of the English Electric Co.’s Institutions for 1946-47, and has been a Rugby works. Mr. E. M. Price is the son member of the City and Guilds of London of Dr. Bernard Price, the director who Institute, assisting its council on the built the Victoria Falls Power Co. in South Executive and Technological Committees. Africa to the dimensions it is to-day.

i S AUGUST 1947 THE ELECTRICIAN 470 •Electrical ■ = = - - = _ .- = = = e= Personalities • We are always glad to receive from readers news of their social and business activities for publication in this page. Paragraphs should be as brief as possible:

MR. C. DRUMMOND, whose appoint­ Ltd., in order to make the -fullest use of ment to the position of borough electrical opportunities of trade within the United engineer and mana­ States. ' ‘' ger at Fleetwood, MISS P. M. BOSTOCK, of Pye, Ltd., Lanes., was announced left Northolt airport on Friday for Gotten- in our issue of burg, Sweden, where she has been sent by July 25, was'born at her firm to investigate the possibilities of a Fleetwood in 1907. successful export drive in Scandinavia. " Ho went to Giggles- SQUADRON-LEADER ALAN LY- wick School, Yorks, WOOD, son of Air Vice-Marshal and received his 0. G. W. G. Lywood, managing director of technical education the All-British Telecommunications at Manchester Uni­ Research Organisation, was married to versity, College of Miss Peggy Nicholl, daughter of Group Technology, gaining Captain and Mrs. W. G. Nicholl, at West h i s B.Sc. (Tech.) Kingsdown, near Sevenoaks, on August 9. degree in Electrical A reception was held at Air Vice-Marshal Engineering in 1928. Lywood’s home, Hollywood Manor House, Mr. Drummond spent West Kingsdown. two years as a college MR. R. F. GYNGELL, whose portrait apprentice with the Macintosh Cable Co., is reproduced on this page, has, as was Ltd., and then joined their outside con­ announced in our tract staff, carrying out overhead line work last issue, been ap­ and underground cabling, etc., at Colwyn pointed secretary of Bay, Congleton, and South Wales. After W. T. Henley’s-Tele­ further experience in the contract depart­ graph Works Co., ment of British Insulated Cables, Ltd., at Ltd., as from August Newcastle-on-Tyne, he went to Fleetwood 1, following the in 1932 as m ains engineer. There he has resignation of Mr. been engaged in changing-over the town A. H . M. Jacob, who supply to a.e., the laying of the new l.t. has become a n mains, th o _6 600 V ring-main cables and executive director of erecting brick sub-stations of 1 000 kVA the company. Mr. capacity. Mr. Drummond is an associate Gyngell was assistant member of the I.E.E. secretary of the com­ MR, C. A. BRITTAIN, formerly pany for a number borough electrical engineer at Maidenhead, of years. and Mrs. Brittain, have just returned from MR, J. McFET- MR. R. F. GYNGELL a visit to India. RIDGE, of Ashton- MR. A. A. GATES, secretary of the on-Ribble, appointed to the Colonial Ser­ company, has joined the board, as a direc­ vice as an electrical and mechanical tor, of Christy Bros, and Co., Ltd. He engineer, will serve in Nigeria. He is an will continue to act as secretary. old boy of the Harris Institute, Preston, SIR JOHN C. DALTON ‘has been and has held appointments with the elected a director of Kalgoorlie Electric English Electric Co., Ltd., at Preston, and Power and Lighting Corporation, Ltd., in other companies. place of the late Mr. H. C. Holman. MR. G. E. W. HIRD, mains superin­ MR. P J . HOLdATE, assistant mains tendent at Bingley, Yorks, has been engineer m Warrington electricity depart­ chosen. as electrical engineer and manager ment, is to retire on January 1. H e has to the Brierfield U.D.C., in succession to rendered valuable services to the. depart­ Mr. L. G. Aston, who takes up an appoint­ ment over a period of 25 years. ment at Dorchester in September. Mr. MR, R, W. COTTON (president), Mr. Aston, who went to Brierfield last year, L. D. Bennett and Mr. H. R, Kent com­ was formerly assistant mains engineer at prise the board of directors of Airmec Willesden, and during the war he was with International, Inc., formed in U.S.A. by the Admiralty at Bath. Before going to the board of Radio and Television Trust, Bingley in 1942, Mr. Hird was with the

THE ELECTRICIAN IS AUGUST i 947 471 Keighley electricity department. He is an of th e In stitu te ol T ransport in 1935-36. associate member of the I.B.E, He will resign his office in the Ministry of SIR CYRIL HURCOMB, chairman of Transport and the chairmanship of the the E lectricity Commissioners since 1937, Electricity Commission. Lord Ashfield has been appointed chairman of tire British has been chairman of the London Passen­ Transport Commission, and Lord Ashfield, ger Board since its formation in 1933. chairman of the London Passenger, Trans­ Before that he was for many years chair­ port Board, is one of-the other four full­ man and managing director of the Under­ time members . of the Transport Com­ ground group of companies. He is chair­ mission. Sir Cyril Hurcomb served in the man and managing director of the North Ministry of Shipping during the war of Metropolitan Power Co. He has been a 1914-18, and was secretary to the Ministry member of the Inland Telegraph Services, of T ransport from 1927 to 1937, when he Ltd., and of the Imperial Communications was. appointed chairman of the Electricity Advisory Committee, and is a past presi­ Commission. On the formation of the dent of the Institute of Transport. The second Ministry of Shipping- in October, Commission met for the first time on Wed­ 1939, he was made Director-General, • and nesday. on the amalgamation of that ministry and the Ministry of Transport became Director- MR. ARTHUR WILLIAM ELCOMBE, General of the Ministry of War Transport, a director of Baird and Tatlock (London), and since 1946 has been secretary to the Ltd., died at Woodford . Wells, on Ministry of Transport. He was president August 12, aged 77 years.

Load Spreading

A r r a n g e m e n t s for load staggering partment after consideration of sugges­ are continuing to take shape and so tions put forward by the Midland Regional far as the North West Regional Board is Board for Industry. A circular sent by concerned, Mr. George Gibson, chairman the Board to all electricity undertakings said in Manchester on Monday' that in in its area suggested three possible some areas the domestic and commercial methods of load spreading: transfer to load amounted to 82 per cent, of the total. night work; staggering of working hours Mr. Gibson emphasised that the times at into two groups, ono starting at 7 a.m. which the use of current must be reduced and finishing at 4.30 p.m., tire other start­ wore 7.30 a.m. to 9 a.m., 11.30 a.m. to ing at 12.30 p.m. and working until 8 12.30 p.m. and 4.30 p.m. to 6 p.m . He p.m. ; or the introduction of one day a added that some of the larger stores might week without use of power. It will be open a t 10 a.m . and m any offices could recalled that the third proposal, which begin the day’s work a little later. the Birmingham undertaking has adopted, It was also decided at Manchester on is similar to a suggestion mado by Mr. Monday, at a conference called by the F. W. Lawton, chief engineer' and Cotton Board, that staggered hours in the manager, during .the winter, and reported cotton mill towns are to be planned by in The E lectrician’ of F ebruary 14, 1947. district committees representing employers, In a circular to power consumers in the trade unions and local electricity authori­ Black Country relating to load-spreading ties. Sir Raymond Streat, chairman of schemes, Mr. O. Heathcock, managing the Cotton Board,- declared that the indus­ director of the Midland Electric Corpora­ try' could make a substantial contribution tion for Power Distribution, Ltd., states to the load problem and at the same time that the first endeavour will be to take maintain production at the highest pos- some load on to nights, but the large siblo level. Local supply authorities will majority’ of consumers will be asked to have the final decision whether the form accept a power-less day per week, with of relief on peak load is sufficient for their one power-less Saturday a month. For needs. continuous processes and high priority In Scotland it is hoped within the next work firms must secure a voucher from the three weeks to formulate a plan by’ which Midland Regional Production Board. Finns as a result of voluntary sacrifices, saving moving a third of their load to night work of 33J per cent, as compared with last will be safeguarded for their day load. winter will be effected in electricity de­ In order to design a national economy mands during the peak period. campaign, which aims at the reduction of A plan for Birmingham, under which the use of electricity in shops, stores, offices firms in the. area will have one day without and the home during peak periods, a num­ power per w’eek, arranged on a rota basis, ber of local committees are being formed, has been adopted by the electricity de- of which there are in London already forty, 1S AUGUST 1947 THE ELECTRICIAN 472 Book Reviews

Modern Electrical Engineering Mathe­ tion of positive and negative sequence matics. By S. Austen Stigant. vector systems, is wrongly entitled “ Zero (London: Hutchinson’s Scientific and Sequence Vector System.” Technical Publications.) Pp. 372. Other chapters deal competently with Price 31s. 6d. net. the Heaviside Operational Calculus, Books on engineering mathematics are Dimensional Analysis and the Per Unit probably among tho most difficult to write Method. Finally, the value of tho various in such a manner as to satisfy tho majority processes in combination is shown by of readers. The present book by Austen application to interesting problems on Stigant would be more completely Steady State and Transient Responses of described by the title “ A Guido to the a Network to Excitation and Transient Study of Modern Electrical Engineering Phenomena in Switching Parallel Con­ Mathematics.” It will, no doubt, largely nected Capacitors.—T. A. L. fulfil the purpose of tho author to stimulate Conveyors and Cranes. By W m. H . greater interest in modern mathematical A t h e r t o n , M.Sc., Wh. Ex., Roy. Ex., processes—particularly matrices, dyadics M.I.Mech.E. (London: Sir Isaac and tensor's. These processes, once Pitm an.) P p . 357 + x, w ith 284 figs. mastered, will save considerable time in Price 25s. net. solving problems that involve complicated, networks. There are probably few engineers work­ ing in the supply or manufacturing indus­ Most readers who require instruction in tries who do not at some time encounter tensors, and who are already well trained mechanical methods of moving materials, —as is assumed in this book—in differen­ whether it be the transit of small com­ tial and integral calculus, will almost ponents on belt conveyors or the shifting certainly bo familiar with some sections, of hundreds of tons of coal from barge or such as" the operator j and determinants. truck to a fuel store. Mr. Atherton, who Tho chapter on determinants is, per­ has written larger works on this subject, haps, the best in the book. It should has sought in the present hook to compress enable a student, without reference to the into a fairly limited space, outline descrip­ bibliography, to use determinants to great tions of the wide variety of methods which practical advantage. This chapter, to­ may be employed, and he has, with a gether with tbe one dealing with plane liberal use of illustrations and diagrams, vector operators, forms tho foundation for given a readable and comprehensive sur­ the study of the further sections on vey of the subject. Of the three main matrices, dyadics and tensors, but con­ sections into which the hook is divided, it siderable further study and a great deal is the second, on handling coal and other of practice will be necessary before much materials in bulk, which will most interest practical use can be made of these more the power station engineer. Belt con­ advanced processes. The excellent biblio­ veyors, bucket elevators and suction graphical references at the end of each methods are among tho subjects dealt chapter will be found most useful in this with, and sufficient design formulas are connection. given not only to mako the explanations A chapter on complex angles might, clear but to bo of some assistance in the with advantage, have been given more selection of conveyor systems to meet par­ space. Seven pages devoted to this ex­ ticular needs. The first, part of the book tremely interesting, though by no means deals with the handling of goods in pack­ easily understood, subject seem a meagre age form, and part three describes cranes, allowance. hoists and telphers used for heavy . equip­ Some of the diagrams are rather crudely ment. Without being an exhaustive drawn and, in some cases, may puzzle the treatise, the book will he of value to student. For instance, in Fig. 3, j ‘, j 5 and many. j ‘ are so printed that they appear as j 2, j 3 and j-i. Fuel Efficiency Bulletin No. 40. “ The There is a very good chapter on sym­ Handling and Storage of Coal,” issued by metrical components, which, like that on tho Ministry of Fuel and Power, is de­ determinants, can be studied to practical signed to give guidance on the practical advantage without reference to other handling of coal, especially in small or works. Here again, however, the average moderate quantities, with a view to help­ reader will nrohably already have some ing to avoid waste, losses and incon­ knowledge of this subject. One of the venience resulting from haphazard diagrams. Fig. 81, which shows the addi­ methods of dealing with stocks.

THE ELECTRICIAN IS AUGUST 1947 Locomotive Testing Plant

Electrical Equipm ent Developed By The L.M .S.

T HE L.M.S. Railway has for many The three braking units, which were years tested locomotives by means of practically completed in 1939, wore used a dynamometer car interposed between during the war as omergoncy power engino and train, but with the narrowing generators, and are now being recondi­ down of the economies to be obtained tioned. The tender and the dynamometer irom further technical progress, locomotive testing on the line has become more demanding in its need for accuracy. An inherent difficulty being met with is the maintenance of reasonably constant con­ ditions over a sufficient length of time to enable reliable observations to bo recorded. . In countries where there are long stretches of practically level and straight track, tests can be carried out using com­ pression brakes or other means to ensure constant speed, but on the L.M.S. there is no such suitable stretch of line. Constant working conditions of a loco­ motivo can, however, be maintained on un­ dulating track if the resistance of the train can be adjusted to compensate for the effects of gradients, curves, &c., when the equivalent of straight and level track The control compartment, in which the principal can foe obtained. This is dono by the uso controls of each braking unit are centralised of electric locomotives with rheostatic braking, having a control so sensitive that cur are as yet uncompleted, but the latter it will maintain an exactly constant speed, will contain an Amsler hydraulic dynamo­ irrespective of changes in the drawbar pull meter coupled to the leading drawhook of the engine or the resistance of the track, through a friction draw-gear, with the and the latest L.M.S. example is a dynamometer connected to a recording “ mobile testing plant ” comprising a tablo giving a continuous record of draw­ special tender, a dynamometer ear and bar pull, speed, work done, etc., on a basis three braking units. Each of the three of either time or distance. The master last-named is, in effect, an electric locomo- controls of the three braking units will bo fitted in a desk panel and instruments will be provided to indicate the loading of each unit. Another panel will cariy tempera­ ture indicators, etc. The _ power generated by the braking units is absorbed by banks of resistance grids located in vortical “ chimneys ” up which a current of air is forced by motor- driven fans. Power for the fans is sup­ plied by an auxiliary 100 h .p . A.E.C. Diesel-engine generator set, connected in parallel with a 120 Ah emergency battery. Separate auxiliary generators driven from Uenerators of the medium and high speed bogies the same engine provide excitation for the which are supported directly from the bogie mam generators and an' a.c. supply. frames by brackets The bogies of the braking units are of the four wheel pattern, each having two generators rated at 375 n.p. each. The tive designed for braking instead of pull­ generators of the medium and high speed ing, and is capable of absorbing up to bogies are supported directly from the 1 500 h .p . The units, which have different bogie frames by .brackets, and the gear ratios and have maximum speeds of generator shaft is geared and connected 50, 90, and 120 ru.p.h. respectively, may to the axle _hy means of Andrews-English be used singly or in any combination, and Electric flexible axle drives, made by the will together give a maximum braking railway under licence. effort of 23 tons. On the dynamometer car a small tacho- IS AUGUST 1947 THE ELECTRICIAN 474 meter generator which regulates the load­ pany's research department, and the ing of the main generators is driven from subsequent development and construction an unflanged wheel and generates a was shared between the Chief Mechanical voltage proportional; to tho speed of the .Engineer of. tho L.M.S. and the B.T-H. train. This is balanced against a fixed " Co., of Rugby, who supplied the main voltage representing the speed to be main­ electrical and control equipment. Other tained, so that the difference represents the suppliers included the A.E.C. Co., J. Stone error between the actual and the required, and Co., tho Chloride Electrical Storage speeds. This voltage is amplified and Co., British Timken, Ltd., David Brown, transmitted down the train to the braking Ransomo and Maries, Jonas Woodhead, units in each of which is a thyratron recti­ and the Telephone Manufacturing Co. The fier controlling the main generator excita­ principal instruments were obtained from tion. Messrs. Amslers, Negretti and Zambra, The basic principles of these units were Ltd., Cambridge Scientific Instrument Co., evolved by Dr. H. I. Andrews of tho com­ and George Kent, Ltd.

NOTES FROM INDIA T HE Designs Engineer of the Ceylon presidency of Mr. K. C. Neogy. In order. Irrigation Department, Mr. D. W. R. to study the possibilities Messrs. J. N. Kahawita, who has been chosen by the Nanda, Khan Mahomed, Yamin Khan and Minister of Agriculture and Lands to bo Col. Ballantine, members of the Indian in charge of the Gal Oya and Walawo Railway Inquiry Committee, inspected the schemes, is now in tire United States Pykara hvdro-eleetric works. Mr. J. N. with data to begin work on what is ex­ Nanda explained that the main object of pected to be one of the major undertak­ their visit was to study the ways in which ings of the island of Ceylon. The im­ electricity could bo utilised in place of coal portance of his mission can be gauged which should bo conserved for other pur­ from tho fact that the schemes will not poses. He said that they would also only help the island to be self-sufficient in study the economic conditions of the Nil- the matter of food growing, but also pro­ giri Mountain Railway and examine bow vide cheap power to large areas. The far electricity could be used. Minister is keen on completing the According to statistics now available, schemes in the shortest possible time. If electrical energy generated and sold in things shape well, thero is a likelihood India m aintained an upw ard trend in 1945- of tho Gal Oya schemo being completed 46, rising to 3 576 million units and 3 90S before the Norton Bridge hydro-electric million units respectively, as compared scheme which has been under construction with tho average of 2 902 million units for several years. and 2 482 million units for the war period, Designs on the lines recommended by and the 1938-39 figures of 2 004 million Dr. J. L. Savage, consultant for the units and 1 682 million units, respectively. schemes, contemplate the construction of In tho first nine months of 1946-47, how­ a reservoir to impound 1 750 million gal­ ever, power generated and sold declined lons of water. The dam will tower 120 to 2 615 million units and 2 182 million ft. above the river bed, and will contain units, showing a decrease of 92 million sufficient water to irrigate 35 000 acres for units and 97 million units, as compared two crops a year under paddy, and at the with tho corresponding figures for 1945-46. same time develop 6 000 n .r. The power so developed will be available within a radius of 40 miles from tho site. The two projects will ultimately place 95 000 As shown by tho returns for 1946, the acres under cultivation and generate steam power station with the highest thermal efficiency for the year was Hams 12 000 H . r . , or about one-third the capa­ city of tho first section of the Norton Hall “ B ” (Birmingham Corporation) Bridge scheme. with a figure, based on units sent out, of 26.79 per cent. As Mr. F. W. Lawton The preparation of the final designs, (chief engineer and manager) points out, estimates and specifications has been this res.ult is particularly creditable in entrusted to a firm of American engineers. view of the fact that Hams Hall is a The unification of all gauges of Mysore cooling tower station and this is, in fact, State Railways, India, to allow for electri­ the first time that an inland station with' fication, was urged by a deputation of the no river supplies of cooling water has Mysore Chamber of Commerce when it gained first position. The average calori­ gave evidence before the Railwav Inquiry fic value of coal supplied did not exceed Committee in Mysore recently under the 9 112 B.Th.U.’s during the period. THE ELECTRICIAN IS AUGUST 1947 4 7 5

Electricity Supply

Generation of Electricity.— Official re­ 1946; an increase of 1 215 million units or turns rendered to the Commissioners 5.5 per cent. show th a t 2 866 million units were Glen Shira Scheme.—Details of the Glen generated by authorised undertakers in Shira project of the North of Scotland Great Britain during the month of July, Hydro-Electric Board were presented to compared w ith th e revised figure of 2 765 Parliament on Monday by the Secretary million units in July, 1946; an increase of of State for Scotland. With an estimated 101 million or 3.7 per cent. During the annual output of 80 million .units, the past seven months (i.e., up to the end of scheme provides for impounding the upper July) the total number of units generated waters of the rivers Shira and Fino in the was 24 522 million units, compared with county of Argyll. Two now lochs will be 23 246 million units for the samo period created in the hills above Loch Fyne, and of 1946; an increase of 1 276 million or one, the main storage loch, will bo formed 5.5 per cent. The total number of units by a dam at Sron More, in upper Glen sent out during July, 1947 (i.e., units Shira, 1 125 ft. above sea level. The main generated less units consumed in the generating station, with an installed stations by auxiliary plant and for light­ capacity of 40 000 kW, will be situated on ing, etc.), was 2 698 million, contrasted the main Arrochar-Inveraray Road at against 2 597 million in July, 1946; an in­ Clachan, near the head of Loch Fyne. crease of 101 million or 3.9 per cent. After local needs have been met, the During the seven months, January to balanco will bo transmitted to a trans­ July, the total number of units sent out forming station to be erected at Inveruglas, was 23 140 million as compared with and from there will bo transmitted to the 21 925 million for the same period of existing lines supplying Glasgow and the

Twenty-five Osram 5 ft. fluorescent tubes in single-lamp cut-off reflector lanterns, providing an average intensity on the roadway of three ft.-candles, make this new installation at the Lansdowne roundabout, Bournemouth, what is believed to be the first of its kind in the country. The lanterns, which are of G.E.C. design, are mounted on brackets on the existing trolley-bus poles. Mr. C. Coffin (public lighting superintendent), under the direction of Mr. IV. C. Clowes (borough engineer and surveyor), was responsible for the installation

15 AUGUST 1947 THE ELECTRICIAN 4 7 6 West of Scotland. The scheme is estimated With a total expenditure on revenue to cost £3 150 000. account of £833 449 (£658 812) a gross Hereford.—In our issue of August 1, in surplus of £128 536 (£150 990) remained, connection with tho recent decision of the giving, after repayment of debt, interest, etc., a surplus for the year of £23 835 (£45 539). After deduction for plant superseded and w ritten off, the total capital expenditure of the undertaking to date is £5 347 294. W ith a total of 56 565 consumers, compared with 54 334 in the previous year, and a generating capacity of 140 000 kW, tho undertaking generated 539 714 000 units during the year, against 366 351 000 units in 1945-46. Of this total, 502 256 195 units were supplied from tho station. The load factor of the station was 41.15 per cent. (39.20 per cent.) and tho maximum load was 139 238 kW , com­ pared with 98 652 kW. Coal consumption am ounted to 287 507 tons, a t an average price of 53s. 9d., compared with the pre­ A n architectural sketch showing the probable vious year’s consum ption of 197 583 tons completed appearance of the new 315 fA W at 54s. 5Jd. This gave a cost of fuel Southwick “ B ” station per unit sent out of .3689d. (.3810d.) and a total cost per unit ■ of. .6092d. local authority not to proceed with a pro­ (.6780d.) Purchased from the C.E.B. for posed scheme for the electric street-light­ distribution by the undertaking were ing of main roads on the grounds of 199 767 195 units (160 613 567 units) a t excessive cost, it was reported that the an average price per unit of ,6412d. capital charges for the installation would (.6575d.). The average price received per bo between £40 000 and £50 000, while unit sold (all purposes) was 1.182Sd., annual charges for current and mainten­ against a price of 1.2608d. in the preceding ance would amount to £8 000. The infor­ year. mation in question was gained from the City Minutes. It has since been pointed out to us by the Slirops., Worcs. and Electrical Statistics Stalls. Electric Power Co., who submitted approximate estimates, that although the T HE Monthly Digest, issued by the suggested scheme was not fully planned, C entral S tatistical Office, shows th a t tho Council was informed verbally that the weekly average consumption of coal by the cost of equipment for the Group “ A ” authorised electricity undertakings in traffic routes in the City would be about June was 420 000 tons, compared with £25 000, and th e annual charge £4 600. •449 000 tons in May, and 427 000 tons in Tho annual charge of £3 000 for gas light­ Jtme of last year, wnilo distributed stocks ing is, of course, for a standard of light­ increased from 2 485 000 tons in May to ing considerably below the Ministry of 3 127 000 tons in June. The total of coal Transport recommendations. stocks at the end of Juno, 1946, was only Brighton.—Despite compulsory restric­ 1 397 000 tons. TI10 quantity of electricity tions .on consumption, the total of units generated fell from 3 092 000 000 kWh in sold for all purposes in the area of supply May to 2 842 000 000 kWh in June. Tho showed an increase of 24.4 per cent, over figure for June last year was 2 762 000 000 the previous year, reports the Engineer kW h. and Manager (Mr. H. Pryce-Jones), in his In connection with production of build­ annual statement. Tho outstanding event ing materials and components for houses, during the year on the generating side, the output of electric cookers fell from 18.5 was tho direction of the C.E.B. to con­ thousands in May to 17.2 thousands in struct tho Southwick “ B ” power station, June, the production of electric wash- an impression of which is reproduced on boilers increased from 13.1 thousands in this page, with a final installed capacity of May to 14.8 thousands in June, electric 315 000 kW . The second section of a 33 immersion heaters from 26.4 thousands in IcV ring main and a sub-station at With- May to 33.8 thousands in June, and the dean were completed, and authorisation number of electric meters decreased from was given by the Council to put in hand 128.7 thousands in May to 121.5 thousands tho completion of the outstanding portion in June. The figures for June of last year of tire scheme. The year’s total income were: Cookers, 15.4 thousands; wash- from electricity supply was £871 313 boilers, 17.0 thousands; immersion heaters, (£740 843) and the total income from 20.8 thousands ; and meters 90.5 revenue account was £961 672 (£809 802). thousands. THE ELECTRICIAN i f AUGUST 1947 Riverside Station at Poplar

D etails of 3 1 5 M W Scheme for Blackwall

D etails of the 315000 k w power Six boilers made by Clark, Chapman station to bo built by the Poplar and Co., Ltd., will bo installed during tho borough council at Brunswick Wharf, first stage. These will be rated at 320 000 Blackwall, are contained in an illustrated lb. per hour each, the steam conditions article in the current issue of the “ P.L.A. at the boiler stop valve being 925 lb. per Monthly,” from which the accompanying sq. in. and 925° F. The pulverised fuel artist’s impression of the station as it will equipment wall be made by the Interna­ finally appear is reproduced. tional Combustion Co., Ltd., and an un­ A site of 17^ acres, of which eight acres usual feature of the boiler house design includes the East India Export' Dock, has will be the employment of Howden’s been purchased from the Port of London “ Centicell ” collectors with Sturtevant Authority, and demolition work lias already been started. The station itself will occupy part of the dock, the re­ mainder being used as a coal stock-yard. Brunswick Wharf it­ self will disappear, and a new jetty will accommodate colliers of up to 8 000 tons weight. Tho coal handling plant will consist of four high­ speed level luffing cranes, each dealing with up to 200 tons per hour, for unload­ ing from the holds of the colliers. Coal discharged by the grabs will travel on This illustration of the proposed Poplar station shows the river frontage a belt conveyor to on the site of Brunswick Wharf and the coal-handling equipment. a junction tower for screening and crush­ ing and thence duplicate conveyors will electrostatic precipitators for dust removal. elevate it direct to the top of the boiler Under this arrangement, the bulk of the house. An alternative conveyor will de­ grit from the boilers will be removed by liver coal to two travelling bridges travel­ the collectors, these consisting of about ling the length of the coal stock, distribut­ 600 small cyclones to each boiler, final ing the coal over the stock and reclaiming cleaning being carried out by the electro­ it when required. static precipitators. The earliest date for As already stated in Tire E lectrician, commissioning the first section of the new the final installation will consist of six station is December, 1949, and the wholp turbo-alternators steamed by 12 pulverised project is estimated to’ take eight or nine fuel-fired boilers. Directions by the years. It will bo the fifteenth station on C.E.B. have so far been issued for the Thames-side. first stage of the scheme, under which The borough electrical engineer and three 52 500 kW Metropolitan-Vickers manager of Poplar, Mr. R. Illingworth, alternators, running at 3 000 r.p.m. and has drawn up the scheme, in conjunction generating at 11.8 kV, will be installed. with John Bruce and Stall, consulting The output from the generators will be engineers. The consulting architects are transform ed direct b y M etrovick 55 550 Messrs. F. Quentery Farmer and Frank- kVA unit transform ers to 132 kV. and will land Dark, who have developed the de­ then pass to a new switching station which sign of the buildings in collaboration with the C.E.B. are to erect alongside the Mr. D. Hubert Lewis, of John Bruce and station site. Staff.

IS AUGUST 1947 THE ELECTRICIAN 478 Equipment and Appliances

Coil Taping Machine of operation in darkness, the switches are of simple internal construction and are A taping machine for small coils, such available with small bayonet cap or screw as armatures, field and toroid coils, is cap bases, or with loose tails when it is pre­ ferred to solder tho switch direct to the Prank White- lamp assembly. A variant of the basic legg, o f 90, pattern is made for direct replacement of Robin Hood thermal typo switches, this model having x^cvi*u, w u n u ti, two additional short-circuited pins in the II- : Ï Surrey. The base, and another model, suitable for 4 ft. standard model tubes only, incorporates a radio-intorfer- is built for tape ence suppression condenser and is enclosed i in. wide, but in a can. f.. ■ - ' it can be gp •• supplied for Gas Pressure Recorder narrow er tape ' to special order. A distant pressuro indicator and recorder 'A ; .... *The tape is fed placed on tho market -by Evorslied and Vig- noles, Ltd., of Acton Lane Works, Chis­ - , which is pro- wick, enables the pressuro attendant at RSjttSfe;:;-, vided w ith a a gas works to follow at a glance all braking device. changes in pressure throughout the distri­ BiSH H It posses over a bution network. Tho equipment, which uH D H measuring wheel comprises a transmitter connected by two with tension pilot lines to one or more distant receivers, S H IH I roller, and is cut has been developed jointly by Mr. H. C. automatically at Widlako and the company. The trans­ mitters aro situated at any point in the Motor-driven coil ^h0 pre-deter- raping machine mined length, distribution network, which may bo some which can be miles from the central station, and usually reset rapidly for consist of a “ u ” tube manometer to repetition work. A guard, through which measure the the tape must pass, covers the magazine pressure and an opening. The taping speed is normally electrical device about 100 r.p.m., although, the makers for repeating state, with a skilled operator this may be the measurement increased, and production is normally over the pilot about 60 coils per hour. On the machine lines — which is an adjustable table or platform, on may be hired which the coil is placed and then pressed P o st Office lines back by the operator against adjustable —to the receiver rollers, while revolving the coil to obtain or receivers. The the desired overlap. Pedal control through receivers, being a clutch leaves the operator with both connected i n hands free to handle the work. The series if more mechanical drive is bv a f in. vee belt than one is from any suitable I H.p. motor or other used, can be power source at about 1 420 r.p.m. An either of the electric motor, when available, can be indicating o r supplied with the machine. The model graphic record­ described, the T.M.l, will tape coils up to ing types: ad­ a maximum height of about 11 in., which justable relay will depend, however, upon the other receivers can dimensions. For larger coils, of up to 2 in. also bo supplied height, another machine of basically to give warning similar design is made. at any desired Glow Starter Switches automatic ^pres' The Evershed-Widlakegas Glow-type starter switches, suitablo for sure control. pressure recorder three-, four- or five-feet fluorescent tubes, Tho transmission system is usually are manufactured by Denco Signs, of arranged to operate either on a.c. or d.e. Denco Works, Wangey Road, ' Chadwell mains, but a special battery operated Heath, Essex. Employing a radio- transmitter has been developed for use activating agent to increase the certainty where no mains are available. THE ELECTRICIAN 15 AUGUST i947 479

Industrial Information

New Use for Fluorescent Lamps television transmitting equipment, naviga­ Fluorescent lamps (Osram 5 ft. so W) tional aids, and application of electronics are incorporated in the “ Barcro ” P aten t to industrial processes, such as annealing, Drawing Storage Eliminator— an outsize camera designed for use in any office in which it is necessary to keep a large num­ ber of drawings, by means of which reproductions of draw­ ings are obtained on small negatives of card index dimen­ sions, resulting in saving in storage space. The camera permits the scale to be in­ creased or decreased. Eight, 12 or 16 fluorescent lamps are used, according to the size of the equipment, and are arranged, with auxiliary gear, on the inside of a floor-mounted rectangular frame situated immediately in front of the drawing holder. Two control switches are fitted. The draw- j ing holder and enlarger frame, together with the camera and projector-house, are built on to a track. R.I. Papers The following papers, read at weekly evening meetings of the Royal Institution of Great Britain, have been reprinted : The “Barcro ” camera with projector - house, and “ Radio-Frequency Heating,” combined drazvi ng holder and enlarging easel incorporating by Dr. L. Hartshorn; “ The Osram fluorescent lamps Protection of Ships from Mag­ netic Mines,” by Mr. E. C. Bullard. soldering, plastic-welding, etc., will be in­ F.R.S.; and “ Compasses—Past, Present cluded for the first time in the exhibition. and Future,” by Capt. II. L. Hitchins, Tax on Car Radio Sets R.N. A new Order announced by the Treasury B.E.A.M.A. Contract Price Formulae brings car radio sets within the 6cope of purchase tax. It makes chargeable at the For purposes of calculating variations basic rate of 33j per cent, of the wholesale in: (a) “ Rates of Pay,” the rate of pay value “ wireless receiving sets designed for for adult male labour at August 9 shall be use on road vehicles and valves suitable deemed to be 110s.; (b) “ Cost of for use with such sets.” The Order applies Material,” the index figure for inter­ to sets delivered on or after August 11. mediate products last published by the Board of Trade on August 9 is 222.5 and Diesel-Electric Loco’s is the figure for the month of July. The L.N.E.R. is to construct 25 Diesel- Radiolympia electric locomotives of 1 600 h .p . for th e Arrangements are well advanced for the principal Anglo-Scottish expresses. Al­ first post-war Radiolympia, to be held at though the scheme has yet to be com­ Olympia, London, from October 1 to 11. pleted in detail, it envisages the operation Since the war, British radio industry ex­ of Diesel-electric locomotives over approxi­ ports have increased fourfold, and mately 21 million train miles per annum. emphasis of the forthcoming exhibition will The units, which will work in pairs to be on exports. A special booklet, “ British form 3 200 h .p . locomotives, operated by Radio for the World,” for distribution multiple unit control, will weigh about overseas, is available. Broadcasting and 240 tons and measure approximately 114 iS AUGUST 1947 THE ELECTRICIAN 4 8 0 ft. over buffers. The present Pacific course round the perimeter of the aero­ steam engines have a starting tractive drome. The controllers and public in the effort of 37 000 lbs. but the double Diesel- stands were thus able to follow the pro­ electric locomotives will, it is estimated, gress of the ’planes throughout the entire muster 90 000 lbs. Like the Pacifies, the race and official checkers at the turning Diesel-electric locomotives will be capable points were informed immediately of all of running at a speed of 100 in.p.h. and decisions. it is likely that they will be maintained Price Revision and serviced at Edinburgh (Waverley) and Brooks and Bohm, Ltd., 90, Victoria King’s Cross. Street, Westminster, S.W.l, announce a I.E.E. Mersey and N. Wales Centre revision in the price of the British Astral As a result of the annual dinner and globe electric cigaretto lighter. dance held by the Mersey and North Wales Telephone Service with Ecuador Centro of the I.E.E., at Liverpool, on March 14, and the annual golf competition The Postmaster-General announces that a at the Southport and Ainsdalo Golf Club, telephone service with Ecuador was opened on Juno 5, the Committee have been able on Monday, July 28, and is available be­ to hand over to the I.E.E. Benevolent tween 3 p.m. and 9 p.m. daily. The charge Fund the sum of £300, including £200 for for a three-minutes call is £3 15s. the Homes F and. Change of Name Radio Link for Air Rally On September 1 Philips Lamps, Ltd., E. K. Cole’s war-time experience of will change its name to Philips Electrical Services’ communication equipment and Ltd., bocause the present name is no the proximity of the Ekco works to the longer suitable for a concern whoso activi­ Southend Municipal Airport, enabled the ties range over an ever-widening field of company to co-operate in the Corporation’s electrical development and manufacture. International Air Dçy, on Saturday, Seeing Belgian Industries At the invitation of the Belgian Royal Society of Engineers and Industrialists, and in concert with the Institution of Civil Engineers, the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, and the Institution of Electrical' Engineers of London, 75 British engineers and students are visiting important Bel­ gian industries. Visit to America and Canada About twenty members of the Gauge and Tool Makers’ Association intend to visit the U.S.A. and Canada in the early part of next year, mainly for the purpose of attending the exposition and convention of the American Society of Tool Engineers at Cleveland, Ohio. The party expects to leavo England at the beginning of March and wiU also visit gauge and tool-making factories in New York, West Hartford, Cincinnati, Detroit, and Chicago, return­ ing via Niagara Falls, Toronto,- and Montreal. Non-Ferrous Metals Consumption of zinc in the U.K. during Radio installation at Convey Island for the second quarter of 1947, according to checking turns in the Southend air races statistics compiled by the Directorate of August 9. The organisers wanted a simple N on-Ferrous Metals, was 82 301 long tons, and efficient receiving and transmitting against 69 436 tons for the first quarter. radio link between the outlying turning Of the total new zinc amounted to 57 946 points on the triangular course and the tons, as compared with 48 701. Lead con­ control point at the aerodrome for the air sum ption totalled 76 303 (70 860) tons, of cup races. Ekco supplied and installed which imported lead accounted for 40 237 experimental equipment and volunteers (42 535) tons. Total tin used was 8 657 from the company’s development and engi­ (8 463) tons, of which 6 857 (6 663) tons neering division manned the points at was new metal. Consumption of cadmium Canvey Island, Shoeburyness and Roch- metal was 130 (122) tons and of antimony ford, and also the points on the shorter m etal and compounds 1 317 (1 160) tons. THE ELECTRICIAN 15 AUGUST 1947 481 Contracts Open W E give below the latest information driven axial flow propeller type pumps (73 regarding contracts for which tenders pumps in all), together with main switch are invited. In the case of overseas con­ and motor starting gear, ote., each set to tracts, particulars are to be had from the deal with between 54 and' 60 million galls, Board of Trade, Millbank, London, S.W.l per day. Specification from Secretary, (corner Horseferry Road), unless otherwise Waterworks Offices, Town Hall, Man­ s ta te d : — chester, 2; deposit, £2 2s. Farnworth, August 16.—Supply of elec­ Newport, Mon, August 29.—Electrical tricity meters and one 1 000 kVA trans­ installations in 334 houses on Gaer Estate. former. Specification from Electrical Specification from Borough Electrical Engi­ Engineer, Electricity Works, Albert Road, neer, Electric House, Dock Street, New-, Farnworth, Lancs. port, Mon; deposit, £1 Is. Halifax, September 1.—Manufacture, Skelton-ln-CIeveland, August 18. — delivery and putting into service of two Supply and delivery of two three-phase 20 T O , 33/6.6 kV typo “ ON” main static transformers, 50 cycles, with off­ transformers and two earthing/auxiliary load tap-changing gear. Specification transformers. Specification from Borough from Electrical Engineer, 147-9, High Electrical Engineer and Manager, 19/23, Street, Skelton-in-Cleveland. Northgate, Halifax; deposit, £1 Is. Halifax, August 18.—Manufacture, de­ Stoke-on-Trent, September 10.—Manu­ livery, laying and jointing of 33 kV facture, supply, delivery and erection of underground cables and manufacture, four 15 000 k YA, 33/6.6 kV, three-phase, delivery and erection of 33 kV metal-clad 50 cycles outdoor static transformers, com­ switchgear and control panels, etc. Speci­ plete with “ on-load ” tap changers and fications from Borough Electrical Engineer control panels. Specification from General and Manager, 19/23, Northgate, Halifax; Manager, Electricity Department, 31, deposit, £1 Is. Kingsway, Stoke-on-Trent; deposit, £2 (in Fieigate, August 22.—Supply of: (a) six notes). units, each comprising three oil-immersed, Birkenhead, September 15.—Supply, 11 kV, 300 A switched and six eight-wav delivery and erection of ono 80 kW mer­ isolator and fuse units; (b) six 500 kVA, cury arc rectifier equipment for d.c. out­ three-phaso, 50 cycles, oil-immersed trans­ put 460/230 V, three-wire, to operate formers. Specifications from Engineer and from 415/240 V three-phase supply. Manager, Electric House, Linkfield Corner, Specification from Borough Electrical Redhill, Surrey. Engineer, Craven Street, Birkenhead. Dover, August 25.—Supply and delivery Middlesbrough, September 19.—Supply of mercury discharge street lighting equip­ and delivery, over two years, of: ment. Specification from Borough Elec­ (a) 250 kVA, three-phase, 11 kV, indoor trical Engineer, Electricity Offices, Lady- transformer; (b) 500 kVA, three-phase. well, Dover. 11 kV, indoor transformer; (c) coil and Barking, August 25.—Supply and de­ compound - filled, metal - clad cireuit- livery of one 10/15 cwt. electric vehicle. breaker and oil-break isolators, suitable1 Specification from Borough Electrical Engi­ for use on 11 kV system; (d) sub-station neer, Electricity House, Ripple Road, type distribution feeder panels. Specifica­ Barking, Essex. tions from Borough Electrical Engineer, Cheadle and Gatley, August 25.—Sup­ Corporation Electricity Works, Snowdon ply, delivery and erection of two 500 kVA Road, Middlesbrough. and one 600 kVA oil-cooled transformers, Iraq.—Supply of 12 slow or medium with manually-operated “ on-load ” tap speed Diesel-driven generating sets, 440/ changers. Specifications from Engineer 500 V, d.c.. compound-wound, Tating and Manager, 19, High Street, Cheadle. about 100 kW, to suit engine builders’ Cheshire; deposit, £1 Is. standard design. Specification from Crown Stoke Newington, August 25.—Supply Agents for the Colonies, Ref. W /Iraq 7750, and delivery of e.h.t. and h.t. p.i. mains 4, Millbank, London. S.W.l. cables, and excavation and laying of cables for one year ending September 30, On consideration on Tuesday of the 1948. Particulars from Borough Electrical House of Commons reasons for dis­ Engineer, Electricity Department, Edwards agreeing to certain Lords’ amendments to Lane, London, N.16. the Electricity^ Bill, the House of Lords Manchester, August 27.—Manufacture, did not insist on their own amendments supply, delivery and erection at various and consideration of the Commons’ reasons points on aqueduct between Thirlmcre and was concluded. Royal Assent was signi­ Manchester of 15 sets of electrically- fied on Wednesday'.

J5 AUGUST 1947 THE ELECTRICIAN 482

Com pany New s KALGOORLIE ELECTRIC POWER AND LIGHT­ propelled electric vehicles would become ING CORPN., LTD.— P rfts. 1946, £30 497 increasingly popular. Their technical staff (£24 090). To- deprecn. res. £14 000 had been working on the design and flame- (same), gen. res. £7 000 (£9 000), tax proofing of underground battery locomo­ £2 000 (£4 327), div. 7% (same), fwd. tives for coal mines. A subsidiary com- £10 228 (£9 950). any, the Hymatie .Engineering Co., had TELL US SUPER VACUUM CLEANER, LTD.-— een concentrating on the design and Profit and loss ac-ct. shows bank in t. rec: development of small compressors for com­ £46 and tax recoverable £51; after debit­ mercial application, and quite considerable in g tradg. loss £1 490, loss on exchange success had been achieved in a portable £999 and dep., etc., debit balance fwd. compressor set. As soon as circumstances increased from £17 394 to £20 094. permitted, it was intended to build and ERICSSON TELEPHONES, ltd . —Particulars equip a now laboratory in which they were advertised yesterday of an issue of would bo able to carry out more funda­ £1 000 000 3 i per cent, first mortgage de­ mental research than "had hitherto been benture stock, 1965-75. The stock will be -possible. 2f times covered by assets, and the service RICHARDSONS, WESTGARTH AND CO., LTD. of the stock is covered over four times —It was stated by the chairman (Lt.^Col. by the average profits of the last ten H. M. Stobart) at the annual meeting that years. Lists will open and close on Tues­ the company’s land department at their day, August 19. The issue will be a high Hartlepool works had received many im­ grade medium dated industrial debenture, portant orders for large turbo-alternators, it is stated, to be offered at par and not etc., of -the Brown-Boveri design, to link redeemable under 101. Underwriters have up with the national grid system. In taken 30 per cent, of the stock firm and consequence, it had been necessary to preferential allotment will bo given to carry out considerable alterations and ex­ shareholders of the company. tensions at the works. The company’s order book now exceeded £12 000 000, of BRITISH VACUUM CLEANER AND ENGINEER­ which 70 per cent, represented marine ING CO., LTD.—Trdg., etc., prft. to work and the remainder land work. A September 30, £122 S61 (£133759). To 30 000 kW turbo-alternator set for the bank int. £9 910 (£8 916), dirs.’ remun. Willesden power station of the London £1 050 (£1157), inc.-tax £19 918 Power Co. _ was commissioned during the (£50 294), N.D.C. £1 586 (£5 148), year, and in addition a number of special deprecn. £45 392 (£23 492),- leaving n et units, such as turbo-compressors, trans­ prft. £45 005 (£44 752). To tax res. and portable power stations and turbine-driven N.D.C. £24 000 (£22 000), fin. ord. div. gas exhausters had been delivered. The 20% (13J), mkg. 26.1% (20), fwd. £14 832 shortages of solid fuel and steel, however, (£14 658). ' Curr. assets £930 249 were -both affecting to a very serious extent (£827 710), curr. liabs. £577 998 the normal completion of work in hand. (£445 630). py e, ltd.—Some remarks on the pros­ THE CHLORIDE ELECTRICAL STORAGE CO., pects of television were made by Mr. C. O. l t d . —Reviewing the firm’s work during Stanley (chairman) at the annual general the year at the recent ordinarv general meeting. To the questions whether the meeting, Mr. A. W. Browne (Chairman) television picture was large enough, and said that the uncertainties of electricity whether we would have colour television supply last winter had increased the in the near future, he would answer, Mr. demand for their emorgency lighting equip­ Stanley said, that the standard television ment, and the deferred maintenance and set to-day gave excellent entertainment replacement of railway rolling stock had value. An increase in picture size at the resulted in heavy demands being made for moment would mean an increase in price, batteries, for lighting, cooking and air- and they were convinced that to keep the conditioning. For these purposes, they price within the purchasing power of the had been able, in collaboration with rail­ public _was essential. They had projection way engineers, to introduco new features of television available in their laboratories at design to simplify operation and mainten­ the moment/but- the price placed it far ance. One large battery supplied to a film beyond the bulk of the population. company by a subsidiary had a capacity Colour television was at least five years of 10 000 Ah and might be called upon away, and -perhaps ten years. On" the to sunply 5 000 A for one hour. With transmitting • side, they- had transmitted regard to traction batteries, the Chairman their Videosonic system, and it had aroused thought that with the continuing restric­ great interest, not only at home but in tion in petrol supplies and their proved many overseas ' markets. They felt that economy in operation, the use of battery- one day this system would come into its

THE ELECTRICIAN IS AUGUST 1947 483 own. Their company, the Chairman said, British radio industry had to pay for had made only one-third of the numlber valves made dn this country, and said of television sets which they had intended that they could buy valves in America to make. Cathode-ray tubes, which had for one-third of the price they had to been dependent upon the supply of glass, pay over here. By comparison with had been the controlling factor, and this America, many of the components which restriction had meant that the price of they used were similarly expensive. They their standard receiver was raised. It wore not competent to say whether the was hoped that the glass industry would efficiency of British manufacturers was realise that, in television, they had avail- at fault, but both the components and the able a large potential market which, if set industries had to recognise that every nursed quickly and generously at this effort must lie made on the engineering stage, would give them a great business and production sides to give prices which in the future. Later in his speech, Mr. would compete in world markets with Stanley referred to the prices which the those of the United States and Holland.

Company Meeting Benn Brothers, Lim ited Paper Control and the Trade Press T HE fifty-first annual general meeting of activity only—that was in the manu­ of Benn Brothers, Ltd., was held at facture of governmental orders, regula­ Bouverie House, Fleet Street, London, tions and controls. The Bank of England E.C.4, on August 8. Mr. Glanvill Benn, and coal had been nationalised, and gas, chairman, presided. electricity and transport were in a state After moving that the report and of suspended animation awaiting the dead accounts for th e year ended Ju n e 30, hand of Stato control. 1947, be accepted and approved and that There was, perhaps some glimmer of tho dividends as announced in T he E lec­ hope. Already our planners appeared to trician of A ugust 1, be paid on August be beginning to realise that tho restora­ 15, tho Chairman said that it was the tion of incentives was essential if folk were natural history of publications, as with all to work with a good heart. Our present ■ other forms of life, to be born, to live and rulers had not yet had the courage to con­ eventually, like old soldiers, to fade away. fess the error of the doctrines they had Since 1930, however, an amateur magician preached for so long, but if they were now known as the Paper Controller had willing to admit that incentives were neces­ attempted to arrest tho processes of sary, it might not be long before they nature. The effect of his Orders and recanted their former heresies and Regulations had been to freeze the pub­ preached tho virtues of tho profit motive lishing industry a t below its 1939 level. and the continual democratic plebiscite In consequence many a periodical which which a free market involved. ought long since to have died, continued Sir Ernest Benn, Bt., seconding the reso­ in tho absence of normal competition to lution, said the year under review had exist, while, on the other hand, many a seen more foreign travel by members of new journal which ought to be serving the board of directors, than any in the new aspects of industry remained unborn. company’s history. Ho welcomed tho Most important of all, many a vigorous, new trend and hoped that the practice well-established journal, such as were would be developed, and perhaps extended tlioso published by Benn Brothers, which to some of the senior editors andmanagers. ought to bo expanding rapidly, remained It was important that they should go stunted, unable to accept new readers or abroad and imbibe information and in­ to accommodate new advertisers. spiration from a wider view of affairs, not The industries served by the Benn only because of the interests of the com­ journals were themselves all short of raw pany, but because from a national point materials, hence the shortage of goods in of view we must once again resume our the shops and the much discussed natural position as the nerve centre of austerity. The shortage of paper, the raw world trade and commerce. material of the technical journal, meant The resolution was carried unani­ . shortage of news and information. mously. Austerity for the body was bad enough, Mr. K. E. Hughes was re-elected a but atrophy of the mind was far more director of the company. serious. A vote of thanks to the staff was car­ For eight years and more, supply had ried on the proposal of: Mr. John Benn, notably: outstripped demand in one field to which Mr. Walter Vestey replied. 15 AUGUST i?47 THE ELECTRICIAN 484 C om m ercial Information

Mortgages and Charges d a l e , — (male), 210, High Street,

M o t h . — The Companies Act of 1 9 0 8 provides that Wibsey, Bradford, Yorks, electrical dealer. every mortgage or charge shall be registered within £12 11s. lOd. May 22. 21 days after us creation, and that every company park radio (a firm), 321, Cow Bridge shall, in its annual summary, specify the total amount of debt due from it in respect of mortgages or charges. Road, Cardiff, electrical dealers. The following mortgages and charges have been £10 2s. lOd. May 15. registered. The total debt prior to the present creation, B R A D F O R D , W. S. (m ale),' 36, Southside as shown in the annual summary, is given—marked with an *—followed by the date of the summary, but Street, Plymouth, Devon, radio engineer. such total m ay have been reduced. £12 9s. 9d. May 15. SHAWS (COALVILLE), LTD.— JunO 24, S i m m o n s , c. (male), 16, Clavertin Build­ charge, to Westminster Bank, Ltd., secur­ ings, Widcombe, Bath, electrical contrac­ ing all moneys due or to become due to tor. £31 6s. 3d. May 6. the B ank; charged on 165 and 167, Belvoir Receiving Order Road, Coalville, with fixtures. LINE EQUIPMENT, ltd., London, W.C.— g i b s o n , w . (male), carrying on business June 26, debenture, to Industrial and as W. Gibson and Co., la, Battledean Commercial^ Finance Corporation, Ltd., Road, Highbury, and 2d, Holloway Road, securing £5 000 together with a premium Highbury, London, builder, decorator and of 2 per cent.; general charge (except electrical engineer. Court: High Court of certain land in Austin Avenue, Laleston, Justice. Date of Filing Petition : July 4, Bridgend). 1947. D ate of Receiving O rder: Ju ly 29, LONDON ELECTRICAL CO. (BLACKFRIARS), 1947. Creditor’s Petition. Act of Bank­ ltd. (formerly London electrical co., ruptcy proved in Creditor’s Petition: (siierborne lane), ltd.).—J une 30, m ort­ Section 1-1 (G.), Bankruptcy Act, 1914. gage and charge, to National Provincial Application for Discharge Bank, Ltd., securing all moneys due or to become duo to the Bank; charged on sms, George Robert, Syra, Thornley, 92, Blackfriars Road, Southwark, and Durham, and carrying on business at general charge. *------. Ju n e 5, 1946. Hartlepool Street, Thornley, motor and electrical engineer. Court: Durham. Day County Court Judgments Fixed for H earin g : Septem ber 22, 1947, „ N o t e .— The publication of extracts from the 11 a.m., at the Assize Courts, Old Elvet, ■ Registry of County Court Judgments ” does not D urham . imply inability, to pay on the part of the persons named. M a n y o f the judgm ents m ay have been settled between the parties or paid. Registered judgments are not necessarily fo r debts. They m ay be actions. B u t the Registry makes no distinction. Judgments are not M etal Prices returned to the Registry if satisfied in the Court books within 21 days. Monday, August 11 Copper— P rioe In c. D ec. — __ g a w l e y , Stanford Geo., Annahilt, Blac­ Best Selected ...... p er to n £ 1 3 0 10 0 Electro Wire bars ... „ £ 1 3 2 0 0 _ __ kamoor Lane, Maidenhead, radio engineer H.O. Wires, basis ... „ £ 1 4 9 1 0 0 __ __ and dealer. £18 17s. 2d. April 30. S h e e t ...... „ £ 1 7 3 1 0 0 —__ Robinson, Geo. H., The Lawns, Port Bronze Electrical quality 1% Tin— Isaac, Cornwall, radio and electrical Wire (Telephone) basis per ton £172 5 0 __ _ dealer. £17 18s. 6d. Ju n e 12. Braze (6 0 /4 0 )— _ j o n b s , s. t . (male), 36, Church Hill, R o d b a sis ...... p er lb . I s . l% d . __ __ W i r e ...... „ I s . 6J4

ALL TYPES AND OUTPUTS

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15 AUGUST 1947 THE ELECTRICIAN E l e c t r ic E lem en t s ^ Electrical heating elements for every type of Industrial and Domestic H e a t in g Appliance. S P IR A L S for ______Grills, Cookers, W ater Heaters E L E M E N T S for Kettles, Washboilcrs. Toasters. HOTRAY WIRES Ltd. HOTRAY HOUSE, 157, CHESTER RD., M A N C H E S T E R , 15. B L A 0160

Insulation FLASH TEST EQUIPMENT with “ VARIAC “ Control. DURASTRIP _fl Booklet on rcqueit. ^ ■ BDURASLEE VE DURATW1NTAPE DURATWINFLEX _ DURATHREEFLEX 1r s a ZËHQH DURATHREECABLE ] DURATWIHCABLE p r o d u c t / I DURATWINFLAT ^ The ZENITH ELECTRIC Co. Ltd. ^ IDURATHREEFLÂT Sole Makersoi the well-known “ Zenith" E.ectrical Products Sc/t MtnoFti/urtrs : DI I □ A W I D F Zenith Workr, Yilliers Rd., Willesdcn Green, London, N.W.2 DURATUBEI WIRE iin-J U U K f lw lK t - Phone: W illeiden4087-8-9 Crow s: Voltaohm, Phone, London FELTHAM • MIDDSX | D U R A Ç A BLE

Superspeed Special Cored Solder Is essential to the Radio and Electricaijtrades because— • (It can be used for rapid w ork at m oder­ ate bit tem peratures thus reducing risk of damage to delicate components. • Itspeedily removes oxide film from copper conductors and soldering tags eliminating high resistance faults caused by dry joints CORED SOLDER • ¡The flux residue is hard, dry, non-con­ ducting and absolutely non-corrosive. Sole Manufacturers H. J. ENTHOVEN & SONS LTD., 230THORNTON RD., WEST CROYDON, SURREY TELEPHONE: THORNTON HEATH 2462.

THE ELECTRICIAN IS AUGUST 1947 4 8 7

fl'llü

. . . just to em phasize that Electrolux Refrigera­ tion is Silent. Even the most sensitivcmicrophonccannot pick up a sound from an Electrolux Refrigerator which is always Silent. Why is this so ? Simply because Electrolux Refrig­ eration functions without machinery, without moving parts. This means other things_ too : freedom from vibration and radio inter­ ference, low maintenance cost, absence of wear and tear, dependability. Incidentally, here you can see for yourself how much perishable food the tl cub. ft. Electrolux can take. N othing is left out that matters. And for larger homes there will be larger Electrolux Refrigerators of this type as well as free standing mtxlcls.

Electrolux (built-in’ jj | \Silent Refrigerators^ operated by Electricity, fit into any kitchen plan and can be built into modern kitchen furniture at any height.

E l e c t r o l u x SIS

■ Ê S'. By Appointment By Appointment Refrigerator Suction Cleaner and Makers REFRIGERATION Refrigerator. Manufacturers by ELECTROLUX LTD • LUTON • BEDS. Head Office: 153/5 REGENT ST. • W.r Also Manufacturers of the famous Electrolux Q uiet Suction Cleaners

IS AUGUST 1947 THE ELECTRICIAN INDEX TO ADVERTISERS ^

H H n I N t h i s ISSUE

Barries Electrical Agencies, Ltd.... 452 British Cork Mills, Ltd...... 495 British Diamix, Ltd...... 450 POWER FACTOR British Thomson Houston Co., Ltd. 4?9 Castle Engineering Co., Ltd. (The) -... 454 METERS Chamberlain & Hookham, Ltd...... 445 1 Churchill, H. & D., Ltd ...... 440-441 1 Clarke, H., & Co., Ltd ...... 497 Single and Polyphase — Cobb, H. J., & Sons ...... 496 Crane, Walter, Ltd...... 496 Switchboard and Portable Crompton Parkinson, Ltd. ... 447 Cuxson, Gerrard, & Co., Ltd...... 503 P a t t e r n s : Dorman & Smith, Ltd. ... 444 Drayton Regulator & Instrument Co., Ltd. 498 D.S. Plugs, Ltd. ... 452 D uratube & Wire, L td ...... 486 Electricity Services, Ltd. ... 502 Electrolux, Ltd. 487 Electro Power Service Co. 496 E.M.B. Co., Ltd ...... 456 English Electric Co., Ltd. 485 Enthoven, H. J., & Sons, Ltd. ... 486 Ericsson Telephones, Ltd. 450 Everett Edgcumbe & Co., Ltd. ... 488 Ferranti, Ltd. Cover i Forrest, George, & Sons, Ltd. ... Cover ii Fry’s Metal Foundries, Ltd...... 453 Hotray Wires, Ltd. 486 E v e r e t t Jones, Samuel, & Co., Ltd. 500 E d g c u m b e Kent, Wm. (Porcelains), Ltd. 500 Colindale W orks, Litholitc Insulators & St. Albans Mouldings, L td ...... 500 Londex, Ltd...... 496 LONDON, N . W . 9 Lundberg, A. P., & Co...... 502 Lyons, Claude, Ltd...... 503 Telephone : Col. 6045 Meadows, Chas. W., Ltd— ...... 496 Metropolitan Vickers Elec. Co., Ltd. Cover iv Micramatic Elec. Instruments Co., Ltd ... 502 Midland Electric Mnfg. Co., Ltd...... 438 Mosses & Mitchell, Ltd ...... 496 Nife Batteries, Ltd. 458 Peace, Harold E., & Co., Ltd. 495 Penney & Porter, Ltd. 502 Pinchin, Johnson & Co., Ltd. 489 Pirelli General Cable Works 455 Redco Electrical Co., Ltd. 452 Reyrolle, A., & Co., Ltd ...... 442 Roneo, Ltd...... 501 Santon, Ltd...... 457 Scemco, Ltd. 496 Scholes, Geo. H., & Co., Ltd. ... 498 Scophony, Ltd. 446 Simmonds & Stokes, Ltd. 454 Stainless Steel Wire Co., Ltd. 498 Streamline Filters, Ltd ...... 448 Sunvic Controls, Ltd. 443 Symonds, R. H., Ltd. 444 EVERETT EDGCUM BE "Rotary” Power Thames Wire & Cable Co., Ltd.... 499 Factor Meters possess the following dis­ Thom Electrical Industries, Ltd. 449 Transformer & Electrical Co., Ltd. 496 tinctive characteristics :— Trapinex, Ltd ...... 437 The scale extends over the whole United Ebonite & Lorival, Ltd. ... 451 circumference of the dial. 446 Universal Tools, Ltd ...... They indicate “ Leading" and “ Lagging" Walker, Cros weller & Co., Ltd...... 503 power factor in both forward and Wardle Engineering Co., Ltd...... 448 reverse directions. West Insulating Co., Ltd...... 496 Westinghouse Brake & Signal Co., Ltd Cover iii No moving coils, ligaments or brushes. Whitelcy. B. S. & W., Ltd...... 504 Independent of ordinary variations of Wilcox, Ed., & Co., Ltd...... 456 voltage, current and frequency. Zenith Electric Co., Ltd. (The) ... 486 THE ELECTRICIAN 15 AUGUST i 947 489

M INERVA ELECTRICAL

I n s u l a t i n g

STOVING VARNISHES (Natural Resin Type) ...... Black and Clear STOVING VARNISHES (Synthetic Resin Type) ... Black and Clear THERMO-SETTING VARNISHES ... Black and Clear AIR-DRYING VARNISHES ...... Black and Clear CLOTH VARNISHES ... Black and Clear SLEEVING VARNISHES Black, Clear and Colour. CORE-PLATE VARNISHES (Stoving and Air-drying) ... Black and Clear COPPER-WIRE ENAMELS ...... Black and Clear ACID AND HEAT-RESISTING ENAMELS ...... AU Colour. CABLE LACQUERS • MICA BONDING VARNISHES • COMPOUNDS

A ll Varnishes conform to B.S. Specifications wherever applicable.

Please submit your problems to our Electrical INSULATING VARNISH TECHNICAL DEPARTMENT. PINCHIN JOHNSON

15 CLIFFORD STREET . LONDON • W.l . Telephone: RECant 7471

IS AUGUST i947 THE ELECTRICIAN 4 9 0

CLASSIFIED ADVERTISEMENTS

TENDER SITUATIONS VACANT SHEFFIELD CORPORATION ELECTRICITY SHEFFIELD CORPORATION ELECTRICITY DEPARTMENT. DEPARTMENT. SPECIFICATION No. .732. APPOINTMENT OF JUNIOR TECHNICAL 'X -PHASE Double wound self-cooled Generat- ASSISTANT. '-’ing Station Auxiliary Transformers as A PPLICATIONS are invited for the .position follows: M of Junior Technical Assistant. The duties TEN-600 k-ViA 11.400/440 volts. relate principally to communication, control T W O — 600 kV:A 11 400/3 000 volts. and supervisory -equipment, hut will also in­ O N E — 5 COO kVA 33/11.3 kV. clude other work of a technical character. Applicants must have a sound technical The Electricity Committee are prepared to training, and preferably possess technical receive tenders for the supply and delivery of qualifications admitting to corporate■ member­ the above-mentioned equipment. ship of the Institution of Electrical Engineers. Contractors desiring to submit tenders m a y They should have had experience in technical obtain Specification and Form of Tender at work relating to electricity supply, including t-liis office on making a deposit of £2 2s., automatic telephone equipment, lines and which sum will be refunded on receipt of a cables. bona fide tender. The salary will be in accordance with Class To meet the convenience of Contractors, two M, Grade 9a, of the National Joint Board copies of the Specification will he furnished; Schedule, at .present commencing at £478 per additional copies m a y be purchased at a cost annum. of £1 Is. per copy. The appointment will be subject to the pro­ .Any person or firm sending in a tender will visions of the Local Government and Other l>e required to comply with the Standing Officers’ Superannuation Act, 1937, and candi­ Orders of the Council relating to the “ Pre­ dates must have previous Local Authority vention of Corruption ” and to the standard service carrying a transfer value within the rates of wages and proper hours and con­ meaning of the Act, or otherwise he not more ditions of labour. A print of the Standing than 40 years of age. The selected applicant Orders ma y be obtained from the Department. will he -required to undergo a Medical Tenders to be forwarded to the Town Clerk. Examination. Town lfall, Sheffield, 1, enclosed in the official The conditions of service will be those of envelope provided, which must be sealed, and the National Joint Board and the practice bear no name or mark indicating the sender, ruling in the office of the Sheffield Corpora­ and received by him not later than first post tion Electricity Department. on Monday, 2nd September, 1947. Tenders Applications on a form to he obtained from received after the time stipulated herein will the undersigned are to be returned to me not not be considered. later than the 29th August, 3947. The Committee do not bind themselves to Canvassing or any communication with a accept the lowest or anv tender. member of the Council, either directly or in­ JOHN K. STUtfTHERS, directly. is prohibited, and will 1>e a dis­ General Manager and Engineer. qualification. Commercial Street. JOHN R. STRUTHBRS, SHEFFIELD, 1. General Manager and Engineer. August, 1S4-7. Commercial Street, SHEFFIELD, 1. SITUATIONS VACANT August, 1947. J O H N S O N A N D PHILLIPS LTD. COUNTY BOROUGH OF SOUTHEND-ON-SEA. MANAGER. SWITCH GEAR DEPARTMENT. ELECTRICITY DEPARTMENT. A PPLIOATIONS are invited for the above A P P L I C A T I O N S are invited for the ifollow- appointment from Engineers of superior ■rM n g appointments from persons under 35- qualifications and standing who have had con­ years of age. siderable experience in this branch of elec­ The appointments are subject to the Local trical engineering. Government Superannuation Act, 1937. and The successful applicant will be responsible the persons selected will be required to pass for the design, development and manufacture medical examinations. of the L.T. and H.T. Switchgear products of (1) Constructional Engineers (Mains and Sub­ the Company. stations). In view of the Company’s widespread home Salary-Class G, Grade 6 (£540/550/561) of the and export business the appointment is one N.J.B. Schedule. which oners considerable scope. (2) Senior Demonstrator. Every assistance will be afforded in respect Applicants should hold a Diploma In of any problems of change-over, such as Domestic Science; the K.A.W. certificate in housing. Electrical Housecraft will be an advantage. Applications, stating age, qualifications, Salary— A.l’.T. 2 of the National Scales- experience and salary required, will he (£360-£405), plus war bonus, at -present treated in strictest confidence, and should be £48 2s. per annum. addressed to the Managing Director, Johnson Further particulars of each of the above and Phillips Ltd.,.Charlton, London, S.E.7. appointments and forms of application m a y be obtained from the Borough Electrical ■ R E S E A R C H Laboratories of the General Engineer and Manager, Electric House. xvElectric Co. Ltd., North Wembley, Middx., London Road, Southend-on-Sea, require a physics or electrical engineering Applications must be received at that, graduate with a knowledge of and preferably address not later than 26th August. 194). some experience in small transformer Canvassing will disqualify. design. Apply by letter only to the Director, ARCHIBALD GLEN. stating age, experience and academic Municipal Buildings. Town Clerk. qualifications. SOUTHEND-ON-SEA. THE ELECTRICIAN IS AUGUST 1947 4 9 1 SITUATIONS VACANT SITUATIONS VACANT MANCHESTER MUNICIPAL COLLEGE OF CITY OF LIVERPOOL. TECHNOLOGY. ELECTRIC SUPPLY' DEPARTMENT. (Faculty oi Technology in the University of Chief Technical Engineer. Manchester.) APPLIC A T I O N S are invited for the appoint- APPOINTMENT OR LECTURER IN incut of CHIEF TECH N I C A L EN G I N E E R in ELECTRICAL ENG INEERING. the Electric Supply Department. '"THE Governing Body invites applications for Applicants must have had a sound engineer­ — a Lectureship in Electrical Engineering, ing training, hold a University degree in with the title and status of lecturer in the engineering and be Corporate Members of The University of Manchester. Institution of Electrical Engineers and/or The Candidates should have had experience of Institution of Mechanical Engineers. modern radio communication work, and will Wide practical experience in the design and lie expected to initiate and supervise research construction of modern generating stations in this subject. and distribution systems, the preparation of Present salary scale: £550 per annum, plans and specifications, and the handling of rising by annual increments of £20 to £725 large contracts, including commissioning and per annum. Commencing salary according testing of plant, is essential. to qualifications. The person appointed will be required to Conditions of appointment and form of pass a medical examination and to reside application m a y be obtained from the within the City. Registrar, College of Technology, Manchester, The salary will lie in accordance with Grade 1. The last day for the receipt of applications M3 of the National Joint Board Schedule, is Thursday, 4th September, 1947. the commencing salary at present being £954 Canvassing, either directly or indirectly, rising to £996 per annum. will disqualify a candidate for appointment. The appointment will he subject to the J. E. MYERS, Local Government. Superannuation Act, 1937, t Principal of the College. and to the Standing Orders of the City Council, and will be determinable by three B O R O U G H OF LUTON. calendar months in writing on either side. ELECTRICITY UNDERTAKING. Applications on the appropriate forms,which Cost Cierk. m a y be obtained from the City Electrical A PPLIOATIONS are invited for the position Engineer, 24, Hatton Garden. Liverpool 3, of Cost Clerk at a salary in accordance with must he accompanied by a covering letter in the National Joint Council Scale, Clerical the candidate's own handwriting, together Division, commencing at £315 per an n u m and with a copy of three recent testimonials, and rising by annual increments to £360 per must be enclosed in a sealed envelope annum, plus cost-of-living bonus at present endorsed ” Chief Technical Engineer,” and £59 16s. per annum. forwarded so as to reach the undersigned not Applicants should have had considerable later than the first post on September 20th. experience in costing methods, preferably in Candidates serving in H.M. Forces abroad the electricity supply industry. need not complete the official form of applica­ The appointment will be subject to the pro­ tion, but ma y submit direct applications with­ visions of the Local Government Superannua­ in the date specified, giving particulars of tion Act, .1937. and the selected applicant will age. education, qualifications and experience, be required to pass a medical examination. and three names as references; the number of Applications giving age, details of training the applicant’s release group and probable and experience and present position, accom­ date of release should also lie stated. panied by copies of recent testimonials, to Canvassing of members of the City Council he sent not later than August 29th, 1947, to either directly or indirectly, will be a dis­ C. T. Melling, 3I.Sc. (Tech.). ilXBjE.. qualification. M.I.Mech.E., Borough Electrical Engineer. Electricity Offices, St. Mary’s Road, Luton, THOMAS ALKBR, Beds. Town Clerk. Canvassing directly or indirectly will dis­ 2/8/47. Municipal Buildings, Liverpool, 2. qualify. BEDFORD CORPORATION ELECTRICITY W. H. ROBINSON, UNDERTAKING. Town Hall, Town Clerk. SWITCHBOARD ATTENDANT. LUTON, Beds. A PPUOATJLOiNS are invited for the position UNIVERSITY OF BIRMINGHAM. of Switchboard Attendant at the Council’s Selected Generating Station in accordance FACULTY OF SCIENCE. with the N.J.I.C. Conditions of Employment A PPLIOATIONS are invited for the post of at the rate of 2s. 8Jd. per hour. n LE C T U R E R (Grade lie) in ELECTRICAL Applications, stating age, giving particulars E N G I N E E R I N G at a salary of £550-£600 per of training and experience, together with annum. Duties to commence 1st October, or copies of recent testimonials, should1 lie for­ as soon as possible thereafter. warded to the undersigned suitably endorsed, It will he advantageous if the qualifications not later than the 28th August. 4947. of candidates include those necessary for the I*. G. CAMPLING, teaching of Electronics. , . Chief Engineer and General Manager. Further particulars m a y he obtained from Electricity Offices, the undersigned, to whom, applications (3 Prebend Street, BEDFORD. conies) with copies of testimonials should be 23rd July,. 1947. submitted not later than 22nd September. r ’ARRIEIt Telephony Development Engineer. C. G. BURTON, -Manchester area, for work on Centemetric The University, Secretary. carrier telephony equipment. Salary £550 to Edmund Street. BI R M I N G H A M , 3. £650 -pa. according to qualifications. Replv, August, 1947. i giving full particulars, to— Cossor Radar Ltd., S TRUCTURAL DESIGNER AND STRUC­ Cha-dderton, near Oldham. T U R A L D R A U G H T S M A N required in O UPLRVISiING E N G I N E E R required for London area for work in connection with contract work in Scotland. Duties will overhead lines, radio towers, etc.. 5-day week. include estimating for ami supervising of Superannuation fund, good prospects.— Apply internal wiring and wood pole overhead line in writing to Staff Officer, British Insulated construction on small hydro-electric schemes. Callender's Cables, Ltd., Norfolk House, Nor­ | —Box L.F.U., th e E lectrician,” 154, F l e e t folk Street, W.C.2. Street, London, E.C.4.' IS AUGUST 1947 THE ELECTRICIAN 492 SITUATIONS VACANT F O R SALE TMPERIAL CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES A 90 ll.l*. Browett Lindlcy 3-cyl. Diesel coupled to60kW x LIMITED.— Applications are invited for the 220/230 volt, 450 r.p.m. dynamo by Cr.B.,* With positions of Shift Charge Engineers in the I necessary switchboard, silencer, cooling tanks, etc., 3 n.P. Company’s Power Stations in Runcorn and engine and compressor, air bottles and daily oil tank, etc. Widnes. Applicants, who should he between Also the following engines 30 and 45 years of age, must have had a H.P. Type Speed Make Remarks sound practical and technical training in 6 550 Crossley Paraffin engine mechanical engineering and good experience 5 S 600 Fetter Diesel of the Shift operation of modern steam 3 Size 1, Class 900 Ruston- Diesel Power Station equipment including turbo- VYO Ilomsby alternators and water tube ¡boilers of not less I 40 220 V./D.C. 770 G.E.C. Electric motor than 10 000 k W and 50 000 lbs. steam/hour ] 5 460 „ 1 250 .— Do. capacity respectively. Generous commencing 1 5 480 „ 1 150 Cutting Bros. Do. salary. Applications, which must give the 3.5 460 „ 1 500 Rockingham Do. applicant's date of birth and full details of 0.5 220 „ 1750 Siemens Bros. Do. qualifications and experience, should be 0.25 220 „ 4 000 — Do. addressed to the Staff Manager, I.C3 Limited, No. 1 tapered Morse portable Hand Drill, 220 volts, General Chemicals Division, Cunard Build­ 0-6 amp. car battery chnrging board. ing, Liverpool. Stuart-Turner Water Pump, 600 gal. per hour, 220 volts. T OLNIDON PA S S E N G E R TR A N S P O R T BOARD. Van Dorn 7 in. double-ended Grindstone, 3,600 r.p.m., " — Applications are invited for the post of 220 volts. a temporary Engineering Assistant in the Any of the above can be seen running. Oilice of the Signal Engineer for the design Onex 30 cwt. Pulley Block and Tackle. section of the Drawing Office. Applicants ; G. MAY, Pitt Hall Farm, Ramsdell, Basingstoke. should be not more than 30 years of age and A L U M I N I U M SHEETS, Dural and Pure, 8 ft, should be in possession of a Higher National •^by 4 ft., 6 ft. by 3 ft., 16-22 gauge; no Certificate in Mechanical Engineering or an licence.— Henry Moat and Son, Ltd., Atom equivalent qualification. Their drawing office Works, Newcastle/Tyne, 1. experience should include the design of /fKfl SATOHW E L L Thermostats, tubular electrical and mechanical components and ^igs type, W.O., variable 10°-90° C., suitable and tools. The appointment will be subject for immersion heaters; 3 000 wire wound to a three months probationary period, after potentiometers by Fox and B.E.R., 50 watt, 50 which the probable duration of the employ­ oh m and 500 ohm, 20 watt loading. All brand ment will be two or three years. The com­ new tested stock offered, substantially dis­ mencing salary will be from £500 per annum, counted for quantities.— Partridge. Wilson dependent upon qualifications, ability and and Co. Ltd., Davenset Electrical Works, experience. Applications giving particulars Leicester of experience, qualifications, present re­ O TO RsDRJ Y E N ' centrifugal pumps for muneration and age should be sent to the M 230/250 volts A.C./D.C. l’um p and motor Staff Officer (reference ER/E. 443), London combined toiform a single compact unit. Out­ Passenger Transport Board, 55, Broadway, put 330 g.p.li. at 20 ft. head, 550 at 10. Suitable S.W.l, so as to be received not later than for filling tanks, pumping for drainage, etc. 12th September, 1947. Full details 011 request. Price £7.— Southern ritish electricity authority Motor Engineering Works, Market Lane, B (ORGANISING COMMITTEE) .—Applications Lewes, Sussex. are invited for the post oif S E C R E T A R Y to A iR-OOXI>ITrONINTG and HEATING IX- the prospective British Electricity Authority. •‘VST.ALLATIONS. Offers wanted for a The post will carry a salary commensurate quantity up to 150. Comprising motor, blower, with the responsibilities, and provision will filters, heating elements, ducts, silence be made for superannuation. I cabinet, spares and maintenance kit, 200-250 Candidates should have held a responsible volts, 50 cycles supply. N e w and unused' in administrative or executive position in a the maker’s original packings. Ideal lines large-scale organisation, preferably associated for the export market. Offers m a y he made with industry, and should state age, for either whole or part of the total quantity qualifications, experience, present salary and ex our Leeds warehouse,— Wireless Instru­ rsonal references. Applications, whicn will ments (Leeds}, Ltd., 54-56, The Headrow, Leeds. acknowledged and treated as confidential, 1. Tel. 22262. should be sent to the Secretary, Organising P R O D U C T I O N Bottlenecks! Material Holds! Committee for the British Electricity W e specialise in obtaining difficult items Industry, c/o. Ministry of Fuel and Power, of Steel, Non-Ferrous Metals, Enamelled and 7, Millbank, London, SjW.1. I Textile-covered Copper Wires and Cables for industry, and aot in a progress capacity for FACTORY BUILDING leading factories on a commission basis. Let /■'¡ROYDON.— Corner; Ground Floor Factory us know your difficult items— we can probably ^Building for immediate occupation, approx. j help. Give us the opportunity of purchasing 27 000 sq. ft. Rent £4 000 p,a.— Box LFAV., your surplus holdings— this m a y assist us to ** THE ELECTRICIAN,” 154, Fleet Street, London, ; help others and obtain item» which you re­ E.C.4. quire.— Industrial Suppliers '(Cambridge) Ltd., REPAIRS ! 2. Ellis Street, Sloan Square, S.W.t. Sloane "P LECTRIGAL measuring instruments, skil- ; 1702. " fully repaired and recalibrated.— Electrical M A Y O R S M I T H LTD., Tele.: Birkenhead Instrument Reuair Service. 329, Kilburn Lane, 1350. Grams Lecmos, Birkenhead. Offer London. W.9. Tel. Lad. 4168. quantities of new 1440 RJP;M. surplus to re­ (ROCKERS.— W e can give good deliveries of quirements, 3, 4, 5, 8, 12J .h.p. Also 15 amp. v-iSheet Metal Vitreous Enamelled Eleotrio S.P. G.E.C. tumbler switches, brass covers, Cooker parts.-JOHN KI N G A SON (ENAMEL- £3 7s. dozen. Also G.E.C. 7* h.p. 710 ILPAI. S.C. Ellison O.I. Starter, £59. 1 only Crompton LERS), LTD., PY R O WO R K S , CHESTERFIELD. Parkinson 100-150 volt» 370 RjP.M. 45-30 amp. Phone: 5305. motor with controller and switchboard, re­ PATENT AGENTS conditioned, £50. M E W B U R N , ELL I 8 & CO., \\T KE Meggers in carrying cases, £8 8s., un- ''used; Record Test Sets in carrying case. PAT*NTS, OtSICNJ AND TRAD! HARKS. £8, unused. Comprehensive range of unused 70 & 72, Chancery Lane, London, W .C.2. j portable and switchboard instruments at com­ Grams: 44Potent, London.’* *Phone: Holbom 4405 (4 lines petitive prices. Hocking and Orchard Ltd.. 90, And at— N EW C A STLE: 3, St. Nicholas Bulldinx*. Victoria Street, Bristol. Tel. 24458.

THE ELECTRICIAN I S AUGUST 1947 4 9 3 F O R SALE F O R SALE 'T'ININED A R M A T U R E BINDING W1RE.-A11 F L U O R E S C E N T LIGHTING.— Instantaneous sizes from 16 s a t .g.—28 sjw.g. supplied from •*■ starting units dispense with all starting stock on 7 lb., 14 lb., or 28 lb. reels— Frederick gear and give instantaneous lighting, prevent Smith and Go.. Wire Manufacturers, Ltd., maintenance worries. Each unit guaranteed.— Caledonia Works. Halifax. SCEMCO LTD., Sceinco House, 6/7, Soho Street, ■DELLS, Tangent and G.E.C., 110 v. and 220 v. London, W,l. Tel.: GBR. 1461/2/3. •‘-'D.C., 6 in. gongs, new, clearing 10s. each — FLUORESCENT FITTINGS — Trough or Electrical Agencies Ltd., College Street, Bel­ ■*• Flush type fitted Hi-Craft Ballast control fast. gear, complete with tubes. Delivery from f ) N E - 100 K W . Generator, by L.D.C., 220 v„ stock.— Apply.— SCEMCO LTD., Scemco House, '“'450 r.p.m. compound, sleeve bearings, 1461/2/3^ ° ^treet‘ Lon(Jon, W.l, Tel.: GBR. screen protected, with switchboard comprising voltmeter, ammeter, circuit breaker, F L U O R E S C E N T LIGHTING.— 1 000 Fittings complete with tubes always in stock, for regulator. Guaranteed first-class condition. immediate delivery. Send for our 15 pago List Available immediately.— Eleetropower Co. Ltd., Price Illustrated Catalogue. Generous dis­ 3, Retreat Close, Kenton. Wordsworth 4928. counts to Export, Wholesale and Trade.— A L L SIZES and) Speeds of Brand New SCEMCO LTD., Sceinco House, 6/7, Soho Street, ■‘'■Electric Motors, Ex-Stock.— 11, King Edward London, W.l. Telephone: GERrard 1461-2-3. Buildings, Bury Old Road, Salford, 7, Lancs. FLUORESCENT LIGHTING FITTINGS, 4 ft., F L U O R E S C E N T Light Reflectors. Many types •*- 40 watt, Flush and Trough complete with ■*■ available from stock or made to order in tubes and guaranteed control gear from stock. steel, aluminium. Perspex, glass, etc.— Garran — Apply:— SCEMCO LTD., Scemco nouse, 6/7, Engineering Co. Ltd., Caerphilly, S. Wales. Soho Street, London. W.l. GER. 1461/2/3. Tel. 3262. D I-UNI.— The Ne w Push-Button Flush-Fitting 0 WITOHBLUGS.— 15 amp. 3-pin surface "Domestic Switch. Wholesale Enquiries Switchiplugs, suitable for domestic or Only. Send for details— SCEMCO LTD., industrial purposes, housed in steel box 5 in. Scemco House, 6/7, Soho Street, London, W.l. by 3 in. by 2 in. deep, attractively finished Tel.: GER. 1461/2/3. in black crackle. Manufactured in accor­ p A C K I N G Cases for Export, etc.— F. Rawle dance to B.S.S., 16s. each, with entry for 3 * and Co. Ltd., 71, Kensington Avenue, conduit 17s. Delivery 3-4 days upon receipt London, EJ2. 'Phone: GRAngewood 2003. of order. Orders dealt in strict rotation. FLEOTRIC MOTORS, A.C. and D.C. We Terms or business cheque with order only.— '-'supply all types and sizes of Electrical Write Manufacturers, Y. Gower, 29, Gcnesta Machinery— Slow Speed Reduction Gears can Road, London, SJ3.18. be supplied to customers’ requirements with short deliveries. Send your enquiries to Q U A N T I T Y of Ironclad Fuse-boards, conduit The Electropower Co., Ltd.. 3. Retreat Close, entries, 500v., 15 amp. 3-way and N. Also Kenton. Middlesex. Tel.: WORdsworth 4928. 2 mid. 250v. D.C. Condensers, d2-way Bakelite : D LOCKS, best quality, polished wood, Terminal Blocks, Porcelain InsulatorB for -'-'imitation walnut. All standard sizes in Overhead cables. Quantity of White Synthetic : stock at current prices.— B.E.M. Co., 25-27, Spraying Enamel, glossy and quick drying, no \ Berners Street, London, W.l. flame-proof equipment required.— Moss Bros., D R I T I S H Electric Co. (Beco) Ltd., can supply 53, Goodge Street. W,l. (MUS. 5385. " m o s t types of A.C. and D.C. MotorB from 1 H O T R A N S F O R M E R S , 240V-12V. 50 watt, stock.— British Electric Co. (Beco) Ltd., '-’'-'sample, 15s. 6d.: 500 THERMOSTATS, ex­ Electra House, 25/29, Lower Road, Rotherhithe. shelter tubular heating, sample 5s.— Ford, 326, S.E.16 Bermondsey 3449. Cottingham Road, Hull. 'T'IME SHEETS.— Our stock-printed Time H H k V A P O R T A B L E Alternating Set, Sheets are remarkably cheap oompared "J 48 h.p. "Allen” 4 cyl. water cooled with specially printed ones. On decent petrol/paraffin engine, direct coupled to a quality 8 in. by 10 in. paper:— 100, 3s. 6d.; 33.5 K W , 400V 3 phase 50 cycles Alternator. 500, 15s.; 1000, £1 7s. 6d. Post Free. Send for Complete with Switchboard. Motor Generator sample.— F. H. Brown Ltd., P.O. Box 26, Set on chassis. Morris 4 cyl.. petrol driven Rurnlev, Lancs. engine with automatic governor, 25 h.p. O A N D 4 wav Fuse Boxes, 5 and 15 amp., direct coupled to Mawdsley Generator 5 000 Multi Range Meters, Large quantity 220 v. A.C./D.C.. 57 amps., in continuous of Radio Components, Fluorescent Fittings, rating.— Apply C.S. Ltd., Staffa Works, Staffa 5 ft. and 4 ft., from stock at keenest prices. Road. E.10. Fluorescent Spares, 5 000 Chokes in stock, 40 ]yTODERN all-electric neating Furnace by and 80 watt., Power-Factors, 2’s, 4’s, B’s and •‘■'•'Birlec Ltd., Thermostatically controlled 10’s, thousands in stock. Starter Lamps, and complete with all equipment. Internal Thermal and Glow, Suppressors. 4 and 5 ft. size of oven, 4 ft. 9 in. by 3 ft. by 3 ft. Tubes, etc.— Phone or call, ’ L. Goodman Type No. 1617. 24 K W 400 v.. 35 amps. 3 phase (Radio) Ltd., 9, Percy Street, Tottenham 50 cycles. Temperature range 400° C. Con­ Court Road, W.l. M U S e u m 0216. dition as new. Inspection.— Commercial F L E O T R I C HOIST BLOCKS, capacity 5-owt. Structures Limited, Staffa Works, Staffa " t o 7 tons. Beasonable delivery.— A Morgan Road, E.10, and Co., 50. Wilkin Street, London, N.W.5. FLUORESCENT LIGHTING.— Delivery from 'Phone: GUL. 1147. T A DT'IF'.R S Trestles, Steps and Hand x stock of 5 ft., 4 ft. and 3 ft. fittings com­ ': Carts from Ramsay and plete with gear and tube, from £7, BUbject to Sons (Forfar) Ltd., Forfar. usual trade terms. Write for full list.— A .O./D.C. Motors can be supplied from stock Drubel Radio Distributors Ltd., 39a, Stafford °-or at short notice— J O H N PHILLIPS A N D Road, Croydon, Surrey. Croydon 1107/8. j CO. ELECTRICS, 31, Fortune Green Road! T U N C T I O N Electric Irons, complete with NAV.6. Hampstead 8132. ” Stand, Switch connector, and Flex, again C AC K S and Bags in excellent condition for available, very prompt deliveries ^beautifully "all commodities, as low as 4|d. each..Write: chromium plated. The finest of its kind in John Braydon Ltd., 230, Tottenham Court the world, A.C., D.C., in all voltages), with Road, W.l. Tel. No.: Museum 6972. wide range of electrical accessories. TTNNED STEEL ARMATURE BINDING Distributors: Brooks and Bohm, Ltd., 90, ■*■ WIRE.— All even numbered slzeB from 16 Victoria Street, London, S.W.l. ».w.g.-28 B.w.g. supplied from stock on 7 lb., E lectric motors.-i/3 h.p. 3000 r.p.m. 14 lb. or 28 lb. reels. D.C. 110 V. Also 220 V Stock Delivery. FREDERICK SMITH & CO. WIRE £6 15s. each.— John E. Steel, Clyde Mills, MANUFACTURERS LTD.. CALEDONIA Bingley, Yorks. WORKS. HALIFAX. 15 AUGUST 1947 THE ELECTRICIAN 494

F O R SALE SALES BY AUCTION O CR E W S ex stock.—-Brass self-colour, 3 000 ° gross 6 B A by rk in. csk.; 500 gross 6 B A G. R. by 8 in. csk. Brass nickel plated. 1200 gross 8 B A by 8 in. cheese; 3 000 gross 6 B A by By Order of the Minister of Supply. A in. csk.; 350 gross 6 B A by in. csk.— D. C. Woodberry, Engineering Supplies, Tre- WITHOUT RESERVE. l'orest Trading Estate, Glam. A S H CHURCH, GLOS. (Within 2 miles of Tewkesbury and 7 of D Y N A M O & M O T O R REPAIRS LTD., Cheltenham.) Wembley Park, Middlesex. Sale by Auction of Telephone: Wembley 3121 (4 lines). A large quantity of G E N E R A L STORES, Also at Phcenix Works, Belgrave Terrace, including: Soho Road, Handsworth, Birmingham. 10 0CO GA L L O N S OF PAINT. Telephone: .Northern 0898. 320 1J Owt, CHAIN HOIST TROLLEY REBUILT MOTORS AND GENERATORS. BLOG KS . Long deliveries can often be avoided by pur 66 COMPRESSORS. chasing rebuilt secondhand plant. W e can 1200 STEEL CABINETS. redesign or replace surplus plant of any size. 500 CABIN TRUNKS. SEND US YOUR ENQUIRIES. 1 300 PLYWOOD DRAWING BOARDS, ranging from 120 in. by 60 in. to OVER 1000 RATINGS ACTUALLY IN STOCK 60 in. by 42 in. HERE. LARG E QUANTITY OF RADIO EQUIP­ EDUCATIONAL MENT. 3 600 VARIOUS TUNING UNITS. HERiOT-WATT COLLEGE, EDINBURGH. 150 RADIO RECEIVERS. (Affiliated to the University of Edinburgh.) MO PETROL ENGINE DRIVEN WINCHES. THREE YEAR DIPLOMA COURSES IN GENERATORS. MECHANICAL ENGINEERING AND ELEC­ LARGE ASSORTMENT OF HAND TRICAL ENGINEERING. TOOLS, etc. Mechanical Engineering— Professor IV. G. Auctioneers: Green, BBc., Ph.D., M.I.M'ech.E. BRUTON, KNOWLES AND CO., Electrical Engineering— Professor If. G. in conjunction with Say. Ph.D., M.Sc., M.I.E.E. GEORGE HONE. Entrance Examination, 16th and 17th SALE DAYS: TUESDAY. WEDNESDAY. September. THURSDAY AND FRIDAY’. SEPTEM­ Three Entrance Scholarships, value £35 per B E R 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th. T U E S D A Y A N D annum, are offered on the results of this WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 9th and 10th. . Examination. 1947, Session begins— Monday, 6th October. at 11 o’clock punctually each day. Priority of admission is given to ex-service- VIEW .DAY’S: THURSDAY AND FRIDAY. men. Other students who wish to obtain AUGUST 28th and 29th, MONDAY, SEP­ entrance should apply as early os possible. TEMBER lit, and MONDAY, SEPTEM­ J. CAMERON SMAIL, B E R 8th, Principal. From 10 a.m. to 4 p.m.; and on Sale Days WANTED from 9 a.m. to 10.30 a.m. •pLECTRIOAL Steel SHEET or LAMINA- C A T A LOGUE: Covering complete sale, -price 1'IONS of reputable make, .014 in. to .020 in. 6d. (postal orders- only), m a y be had of thick will be purchased for cash in any the Auctioneers, Bruton, Knowles and Co., quantity by Davenset Electrical Works, Albion Chambers, Gloucester (telephone Leicester. Gloucester 2267), or George Hone, Tewkes­ bury (telephone Tewkesbury 10). NOTE: T) IE-CASTING Machine wanted urgently, , Applications for catalogues to be sent in -^prefer No. 12 EMB. Cash waiting, will envelopes marked A S H top left hand collect, distance no object. Phone, Colwyn corner. Bay 3191, or write— Roncraft Ltd., Conway ADMISSION WILL BE BY CATALOGUE Road, Colwyn Bay. ONLY. .C. MOTORS, all sizes and voltages, best A prices offered.— J O H N PHILLIPS A N D CO. SECOND SALE. ELECTRICS, 31, Fortune Green Road. H a m p ­ stead. N.W.6. Hampstead 8132. G. R. A .C. MOTORS, 1-100 h.p., 500-1 500 r.p.m. Any ‘»make fitted with ball and roller type bear­ By Order of the Minister of Supply. ings. Must be good machines, such as you W I T H O U T RESERVE. yourselves would buy. Alternatively motors Depot No. 103. for rewinding will be considered.— Oldfield KINGS N E W T O N , near M E L B O U R N E , Engineering Co., Ltd., 96, East Ordsall Lane. Salford, 5. DERBYSHIRE (Six miles south of Derby). A N unlimited number of modern A.C. motors ; 1 350 LOTS OF INDUSTRIAL. ELECTRICAL * »urgently required for essential work. AND MISCELLANEOUS EQUIPMENT and Highest cash prices paid for suitable units. STORES, W e also want all types of motors for con­ including version and rewinding. Send details to Sales i E5 Mobile and other Cranes, 6 Bradford Ga3 Dept., A. P. Watson, 104, Upper Brook Street. \ Engines, 4 Ford V.8 Engines, 2 A.E.C. Diesel „ Manchester, 13. ; Engines, 8 Diesel Winches, 2 Austin 8 h.p. WORK WANTED i Engines. 2 Morris Engines. 7 Gas Producing | Plants, 5 Concrete Mixers, 24 Generating Sets, ("¡APSTAN capacity immediately available, ! 8 Kelbns Sand Dryers, Large Electric Oven, oil A to 1* in. Brass or Steel. Large stocks 3 large Gas Ovens. Packing Machine, 21 hjp. of raw material in hand.— Chiswick Engineer­ Electrio Mo-tor, Electric Welding Plant, 2 ing, Ltd., 7, High Road, Chiswick, London, Electric Drilling Machines, Electric Pumps, W.4. ’Phone: Chiswick 3595. 2 Chrysler Marine Engines, Quantity of Crane VACUUM CLEANER REWINDING SERVICE, Spares, 44 Industrial Tractor Trailer Trucks, T commutators and Bearings. Prompt 4 Portable Battery Charging Sets, Electric delivery and full guarantee.— Thomas Ander­ Pulley Blocks, Steel Roller Conveyors, son, 117, Bowes Street, Blyth, Northumber­ Quantity 50-ton Hydraulic Jacks, 62 Joyce land. ’Phone: Blyth 405. Model Journal Jacks. Quantity Yale Pull THE ELECTRICIAN IS AUGUST 194? 4 9 5 Lifts, Overhead Travelling Chain Blocks, 50 000 BUSINESSES FOR SALE lb. lied Pressure Plastic, Quantity of Rail­ way .Engine Lifting Jacks, 8 400 Steel Corner DAD10 AND ELECTRICAL, Manchester.— Boxes, 16 000 Upper andj Lower Culvert ■‘■'■Fine Business, double fronted shop-many Sections, Quantity of Hand Winches, Quantity agencies. Flatlet above. Net profits well over of Derrick Masts, 54 Semi-rotary Pumps, £1000 pm. Rent all in, £184 quarter, or could Quantity of Reinforced Fuel Hose, Steel Wire bo bought. Complete Business £2 500, S.A.V. Rope Slings, Steel Wire Ropes, Chain Slings, about £l 500. A prosperous buy.— Ask Henry Quantity of Electric Cable, Largo Quantity of Stead A Partners Ltd., 29, Cookridge Street, Electrical Spares, 1 544 Battery Charging Leeds, 2. 'Plioue 25542 and 2020S. Boards, Large Quantity-of Aeroplane Spares. U O R SALE.— Wireless and Electric Contract- and Equipment, 1000 lixpredictor Telescopes, ing Business. Direct Agencies most makes. 781 Gunsighting Telescopes, 4 270 Electro- Situated growing part of Herts and Essex Pneumatic Rams, 100 Radiators, Quantity of Border. Unopposed, prominent position. Oxygen Mask Equipment, Portable Merry- Turnover £5 000 and increasing. Net profit weather Steam Pumping Set, Large Quantity under management £1800 per annum. Low of Insulating Tape, 590 Wood Filing Cabinets, rent. Living accommodation possible bv Quantity of Railway Equipment, Large Quan­ adapting premises. Price £2 750 inclusive of tity of Miscellaneous Equipment and Stores. fixtures, fittings, van, equipment, etc.— Box To be Sold by Auction by L.F.V., “ THE ELECTRICIAN," 154, Fleet Street, MESSRS, W. S. B A G S H A W AtfD SONS London, E.C.4. on TUESDAY, WEDNESDAY, THURSDAY AND 'E' AS T B O U R N E (tlie ” suu-trap ” of the FRIDAY, A U G U S T 26th, 27th, 28th and 29th, South ”).— Electrical and radio business for 1947, sale as going concern; shop, eharging-room at 11 aan. each day. and large well-fitted workshop. Busy posi­ Viewing: Wednesday, Thursday and Friday, tion. Rent £90 p.a., 14 years’ lease. £1500 20th, 21st and 22nd August, 10 a.m. to 6 pan. " AL L A T ’’ S.A.V., old-established.— Sole each day. Agent. George Howard, F_AJ., P.A.S.I.. 56, Admission on View Days and Sale Days by Grove Road, Eastbourne 5569. catalogue only. One catalogue to admit two persons. BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES Catalogues ¡price 6d. each. CJCEMCO, LTD., Fluorescent Lighting Auctioneers’ Offices: High Street, Uttoxcter, ‘“'Specialists, announce their A G E N C Y Staffordshire. Tel. No. 44 (two lines). Also at SERVICE to Electrical Traders and Elec­ Ashbourne, Bakewell, and Derby. trical Contractors. Applicants for " Selling Rights’* of ‘‘S C E M C O ” Fluorescent products BAMFORD, DERBYSHIRE. in their individual districts are invited to Ministry of Supply Depot 150. apply for further details. Two Trade References must accompany initial enquiry. (On main Sheflield-Manchester L.M.S. Line, Applicants will be treated in rotation, 12 miles from Sheffield.) priority being given to the 5 000 Electrical Traders and Contractors already on our Mailing List. S u m mary of “ SC E M C O " Agency Service:— (1) SCEMCO LTD. will for­ By Order of the Minister of Supply. ward to their Acoredited Agents, all Direct Consumer orders and enquiries they receive Without Reserve. as a result of the S O E M C O Advertising S A L E OF Media. (Trade Press, Local Press, Exhibi­ ELECTRICAL BNG1N BERING MACHINERY, tions, Mail OrderJ (2) SCEMCO Accredited TOOLS. Agent to receive, apart from Trade Discount ELECTRIC MOTORS, of 25 per cent, and Cash Discount of 2% per and Miscellaneous cent., an additional Agency Commission of GOVERNMENT STORES, etc. 5 per cent, on all Sales in the allotted To lie offered for Sale by Auction, from territory. (5) SCEMCO Accredited Agent to Catalogue, receive full benefits of the “ Scemco Guaran­ by tee ’’ regarding the replacement of Fittings MARCHANT BROOKS AND CO. and Components. (4) SCEMCO LTD. retain on the right to nullify an Agency Agreement by WEDNESDAY, 5rd SEPTEMBER, 1947, one month’s notice in writing should the at 11 a.m. Accredited Agent’s service in any way prove at the above Depot, including:— unsatisfactory,and SCEMCO LTD. agree to the Motors, Generators, Compressors, Gas and Accredited Agent having the same facility. Electric Drying Ovens, Heat Treatment Equip­ This notice inviting Agency Applicants from ment. Conveyors. Large Quantity of Paint, 2 Electrical Traders and Contractors will be complete Power Gas Producer Plants (20-therm closed on or before 50th September. 1947.— output), etc. . Scemco Ltd., 6/7, Soho Street, and at 18. Soho LOTS ON VIEW: MONDAY AND TUESDAY, Square. London, W.l. Tel.: GERrard 1461/2/5. 1st and 2nd S E P T E M B E R , 1947, from 10 a.m . to 4 p.m. by Catalogue only (price A TTRAOTlVE Selling Line.— Toaster con- 6d.) on application to the Auctioneers’ ‘ 'structed of heavy gauge steel, nickel plated Offices:— * . throughout, polished top, spring loaded Rutland Chambers, B A K E W E L L {Tel. 61). _ doors. State voltage when ordering. Net Westminster Bank Chambers, M A T L O C K price 15s. Wholesale and Export enquiries (Tel. 94). invited.— Henbest Bros. Ltd., 26, Green Lanes, AUCTIONEERS AND VALUERS Palmefs Green, N.13. Bowes Park 5247.

RICHARDS & PARTNERS, Auctioneers and Valuers of BRITISH CORK MILLS LTD., I PLANT AND MACHINERY AND 167, Victoria Street, INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY, London, S.W.I. Granville House, Arundel Street, CORK London W.C 2 Phone: Victoria I4M/6.79I3 Telephone: TEM-le Bar 7471.

IS AUGUST 1947 THE ELECTRICIAN 496

INSTRUMENT WIRES INSULATING MATERIALS MOTORS WEST INSULATING COMPANY MAINTAINED, REPAIRED, REWOUND LTD., Bought, Sold or Exchanged 2, Abbey O rchard Street, HOWARD ROAD, LEYTONSTONE 15/17 W estm inster, London, S.W.1 Tel. : Maryland 2788

MOULDED RUBBER WALTER CRANE G R O M M E T S , CABLE ENTRY SLEEVES, REPAIRS AND REWINDS CONDUIT BUSHES, etc. W e specialise in the re-winding of. Many hundreds of Moulds available for the above. all types of electrical equipment We can also advise and quote for including portable tools, vacuum customers’ special requirements. cleaners, etc. Enquiries to : CHARLES W. MEADOWS (London) LTD. Trade List on application. Torwood St., Torquay, Devon. W ALTER CRANE, Greencoat Works, ’Phone : ’Grams : Torquay 4729. Meadite, Torquay. W a k e f ie ld .

POWER TRANSFORMERS VULCANIZED FIBRE EBONITE, BAKELITE ■heata, Roda, Tubaa and Maohlnsd Shapaa

LEATHEROID Sheets, Rolls, etc. “ CLQFTEX” Insulating Tape*. Isolating Staple!, Jointing, Prettpahn. MOSSES & MITCHELL LTD, 60-68, Ironmonger Row, London, E.C.1 Coil Winding— Rewinds— & Repairs

PRESS WORK L O N D E X fo r R E L A Y S

including time delay Relays, high sensitive Relays, synchronous process timers and complete control plants.

Ask for leaflets RE/E H.J.C0BB;S0N^%^r

. V ’ MANUr A C riJR E R S'O f-- R{.l AYS •' • 3$ south park Ro.. Wimbledon; S.W.I9 207 • ANERLET ROAD LONDON - S.E.201

i s A U G U S T 1947 MIl'A E MÍCAÑITE Manufactured in various forms, such as sheet, tube, mouldings and pressings, covering every requirement of the Electrical Industry. W rite for Catalogue No. M/44.

H . CLARKE & C O ., ATLAS WORKS (MANCHESTER) LTD. P H O N E : ECCLES 2001 - 2 - 3-5-5 PATRICROFT GRAMS : Pirtold, Phone, Manchester MAN CHESTER

IS AUGUST l947 TRE ELECTRICIAN 498 MODELS FLASHERS RESISTANCE WIRE 80/20 or 65/15 NICKEL CHROME

• DRAWN TO RESIST­ ANCE, NOT TO SIZE

• BRIGHT ANNEALED— OXIDISED OR HARD DRAWN STATE

• SIZES 20 TO 47 S.W.G. Unidirectional or reversing, with or without self­ OR TO B & S GAUGES switching, 100/110 or 200/250 volts A.C. FINAL SHAFT SPEEDS: 0 EVEN SPOOLING Reversing Max BOO R.P.H. 27 mln. per rev. Contractors Unidirectional Max 2B0 R.P.M. 60 mln. per rev. TORQUE: Reversing 60 lbs. In. max. ADMIRALTY • GOOD DELIVERIES Unidirectional 37 lbs. In. max. WAR OFFICE GIVEN For : Operating valves, dampers or rheostats, cinema AIR MINISTRY projectors, rotating screens, illuminated signs, small working models, Geneva movements for drum- type switches, rocking baths, work movement, STAINLESS STEEL WIRE Co. Ltd. soldering and welding fixtures, continuous turning, The Barracks . Langsett Road feed of light strip under process. Sheffield, 6 ------—------(R.Q-3-) Send/or List No. 302-1._D______Telephone: 44241-2 Telegramsi Fynewlre, Sheffield DRAYTON REGULATOR & INSTRUMENT JO- LTD WEST DRAYTON West Drayton 2611 MIUULfcotA

GREAT ACHIEVEMENTS

1 ,4 0 0 miles long ! 3 0 ft. high 2 S ft. wide S» , , hsspSaxriv "’“S'A'-'T- • THE GREAT WALL ,, ». . '."T OF CHINA "*N. Out-of-date in these days. But in those days, what an achievement of **2 «5 ManagementO and Labour! WYLEX Achievem ent in

E lectrical Accessories

GEORGE SCHOLES & CO. LTD. WYLEX WORKS, WYTHENSHAWE, MANCHESTER

THE ELECTRICIAN IS AUGUST 1947 499

HfiK!

J ¡1 1 1 ?

a ’T I I J 8 W 4 m ^ ® I S • y t f j | | | j i | l m i iw w M f f y / '¿ ¡s k

d

s s ® Bra' Cove'®

QpuVAe & C o v e t ®

? a ? e r ,D o«^ e'V Equal gauge t h r o u g h o u t

THAM ES W IRE &CABLE

C Op> . bbL Ta Dttsgf © PHONE:HODDESDON 2^85 BATH HALL WORKS , BELL LANE , H O D D E S D O N , H E R T S . iS AUGUST 1947 THE ELECTRICIAN 500

M akers of Synthetic

(IMPREGNATED AND COATED)

16-17 NEW BRIDGE STREET, E.C.4 . PHONE; CENTRAL 6 5 0 0

For sixty years we have maintained our repu­ tation for accuracyand efficiency, and in this, our Diamond Jubilee Year, we are proud to offer to the trade, refractories of the highest quality at strictly competitive prices. if you require insulators of guaranteed reliability and efficiency, let us quote you. WILLIAM KENT (PORCELAINS) LTD. Wellington Street, Burslem, Stoke-on-Trent Telephone Stoke-on-Trent 84237/8 THE ELECTRICIAN ' ZS AUGUST 1947 501

fiio - itd o fsn t ctctu t'Jlij sp co h f

'kom So p b x '

CONSUM ER’S RECORDS

This is a hire-purchase a c c o u n t

A water-heater is in u se h e r e

These are industrial p r e m is e s

IT’S A LONG QUEUE THAT

HAS NO TURNING! . . . Because Roneo equipment is much in demand, both In place of a multitude of pages in difhcult-to-get- abroad and at home, there at books, Roneodex automatically sorts out the facts you want to know and signals them at a glance. is a long waiting list* No matter how complicated or diverse your record­ Forward-looking busi- ing problems are, Roneo can provide all the answers snessewill plan ahead I with Visible Records.

c o l t i n

RONEO LTD.. 17, SOUTHAMPTON ROW, LONDON, W.C.I. T e l.: HOLhorn 5821. W o rk ,: Romford, Esso* Branches throughout the country.

15 AUGUST 1947 THE ELECTRICIAN ADAPTABLE & INTERCHANGEABLE LOCAL LIGHTING

the'TYPERLITE’co.. (ELECTRICITY SERVICES LTD.) 86 CANNON STREET ■ LONDON . E -C.3.

Motors, Generators, Transformers REWOUND ALL SIZES WITH MINIMUM DELAY

For efficient service wire : “ Porter,” Lincoln • PENNEY & PORTER (1932) LTD. LINCOLN Single, double or triple-pole design, if the 'Grams : Porter ’Phone : 1706/7 switch is a LUNDBERG it makes a world of difference. Patented quick make and break movements, positive action, one- piece contact springs and rugged con­ struction— all these points stress the superiority of the LUNDBERG range of nearly 1,000 accessory designs. As with CHOKES for > all good things, supplies are restricted, FLUORESCENT but we are doing our best to ensure equitable distribution [ LIG H TIN G MEICO’S up-to-date facilities include the LUNDBERG most modern coil producing machinery available—vacuum impregnating equip­ ment for wax and varnish—completely REG? TRADE MARK automatic production test apparatus. MEICO Chokes are precisely wound— meticulously assembled—thoroughly impregnated and carefully finished. EKTRIK Continuous inspection and quality con­ trol ensure maximum uniformity and silence in operation.

A @ COMPANY AVAILABLE FOR PROMPT DELIVERY MICRAMAT1C ELECTRICAL INSTRUMENT CO. LTD. A. P. LUNDBERG & SONS LTD. (Established 1882) MEIGO WORKS : CONGLETON : CHESHIRE 491-493 Liverpool Road London N7 T*LBPHONB j CONGLETON 607

THE ELECTRICIAN IS AUGUST 1947 503

A Complete F i r s t A i d S e r v i c e FOIL EVDISTKY BY THE PIONEERS OF INDUSTRIAL FIRST AID

As pioneers of O FIRST AID CASES Industrial First SURGICAL f i h e Aid, and actual DRESSINGS manufacturers, MEDICINAL R E Q U1 SITES we invite your AMBULANCE enquiries and SUNDRIES It' place our ex­ AND i-.-M pert advice at AMBULANCE ROOM If VARIAC FURNITURE your service. if 9 ¡¡REGULATING CUXSOX, GEKKAKI) & CO. CTO. OLDBURY, BIRMINGHAM TRANSFORMERS 4 SAVES i I U P T O 't h e W " v I The Type 60 B Varlac, itffi 15% F U E L Handling 7 kVA at 230 V In.represents a 9-gj valuable addition to tte Varlac range, and A Leonard-Thermostatic Steam and Water mixer provides hot will find many application! in Industry. water at controlled temperature for washing and process. HOT WATER MADE ONLY WHERE WANTED — 50 B 7kVA Input 230 V (tap at 115 ONLY WHEN WANTED — COMPLETE CONTROL V), output 0-230 or 0-270V. Rated OUTFLOW TEMPERATURE — NO HEAT STORAGE AND RADIATION LOSSES — NO HOT WATER PIPE current 20 amps. Max. 31 amps. LINES —NO EXPENSIVE EQUIPMENT— EASY TO F IT - i : Excellent deliveries can be arranged. Most EASY TO CLEAN — EASY TO £v. types are In stock. Other Variac types range MAINTAIN —TAKES UP from I6S watts to 7 fcW. Write for bulletin LITTLE MORE SPACE THAN M 424 E and circular 146 E for complete data. AN ORDINARY STOP VALVE lb — THOUSANDS IN USE.

WRITE FOR PAMPHLET Q U O T IN G REF.: 160/1857

Jecnahd- TheAm oïtafa STEAM & WATER MIXERS (PATENTED) WALKER .CROSWELLER t C Q ,m CHELTENHAM CLOS. 180 Tottenham Court Road, London, W . I and 76, Old hall Street, Livirpool, Lanci, 6 1 . 1 8 5 7 iS AUGUST 1947 THE ELECTRICIAN Telegran,^ elephone H 'g H C H ^ncer^

THE ELECTRICIAN 15 AUGUST 1947 Tw o equipm ents

rom the standard range

6 volts 100 amps.

7 volts 4000 amps.

MITE PLATING RECTIFIERS

are available w ith current o u t p u t s u p

t o 10,000 am peres at a variety of voltages

suitable for all electrochem ical processes

including anodising and electrolytic

p o l i s h i n g

Full details of the complete range are given in Rectifier Data Sheet No. 44, a copy of which may be obtained on application to Dept. E. WESTINGHOUSE BRAKE & SIGNAL CO., LTD. 8 2 , [YORK W A Y , KING’S CROSS, LONBCN, N.I.

IS AUGUST 1947 THE ELECTRICIAN C l S p a c e u HIT

wews/ioi

.< $ '/ Ash for fully c/escriptive\& h t / leaflet

ELECTRICAL' ------___ _—^ C O . LTD. TRAFFORD PARK MANCHESTER 17-

Su/itchjo j A m when daylight fades

Printed in Great Britain by Stkaker Brothers Ltb., 194-100, Bislwmgate,'E.C. 2, and published by Benk Brothers, Ltb., at Bourerie House, 154. Fleet Street, London, B.C.L (Registered atthc General Poat Office. Entered as Second Class at the New York, U.S.A., Poat Office.)— Friday, August 15 1947.