Posted on Authorea 6 May 2020 | CC BY 4.0 | https://doi.org/10.22541/au.158879165.59732424 | This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. -al iost.tueuc,Mbl o +86-13436877820 No. Mobile [email protected], E-mail: Junsong Xiao author: Corresponding +86-18511016722 No. Mobile [email protected], E-mail: Hua Wu author: Corresponding f e d c b a Yanping Raka possibilities Nowshin therapeutic New Rifat human: early the the in in of receptors cancer potential olfactory diagnose therapeutic Ectopic and the detect summarizes to review date. door This till new pathway. outlined transformed a cancer functions The open the manifold might their block targets. cells including also therapeutic cancerous EORs can energy prospective and activation proliferation, healthy them Ligand-based cell the make growth, their in stages. functions hair on ORs these repairing, depending of tissue All vary level specific yet chemotaxis, with expression like that are etc. activation pathways processes them the apoptosis, following cellular different of inflammation, protein several via majority nasal Golf in metabolism, stimulate signals the involved in they but are their (GPCR), compartmentalized diverse They receptors transduce coupled not are ligands. tissues G-protein functions body, non-olfactory are Their they in our As (EORs). ORs throughout placements. receptors available determined. olfactory widely Ectopic be are as to known (ORs) are receptors which olfactory parts, of distributions The Abstract 2020 6, May 1 Huang Raka Nowshin Rifat therapeutic New possibilities human: in receptors olfactory Ectopic ejn ehooyadBsns University Business and Technology Beijing ejn e a fPatRsuc eerhadDvlpet ejn 008 China 100048, Beijing Development, and Research Resource Plant of Lab Key Beijing ejn dacdInvto etrfrFo urto n ua elh ejn 008 China 100048, Beijing Health, Human and Nutrition Food for Center Innovation Advanced Beijing China 100048, Beijing Additives, Food of Center Research Technology and Engineering Beijing ejn ehooyadBsns nvriy ejn 008 China 100048, Beijing University, Business and Technology Beijing ejn aoaoyfrFo ult n aey ejn 008 China 100048, Beijing Safety, and Quality Food for Laboratory China Beijing 100048, Beijing Industry, Light China of Engineering Molecular Brewing of Laboratory Key ,c a, 1 n inigJin Jianming and , un Mingquan Huang , ,b ,d e d, c, b, a, 1 u Wu Hua , ,b a, 1 uHua Wu , i Jianming Jin , 1 usn Xiao Junsong , ,f* f a, ioJunsong Xiao , ,f a, 1 1 mmHossen Imam , ,b ,d * e d, c, b, a, 1 mmHossen Imam , apn Cao Yanping , 1 ,b ,d e d, c, b, a, Mingquan , Cao , Posted on Authorea 6 May 2020 | CC BY 4.0 | https://doi.org/10.22541/au.158879165.59732424 | This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. n ucin nhatyaddsae ise.Aohrami oels hi nw iad hc a lead may which ligands known their enlist to is aim possibility. Another therapeutic (We- tissues. a tissues diseased to cancerous and us presence for healthy their detectors in early functions to al and as according considered et level be expression (Mainland can in Hatt ORs ORs change al and These huge et odorants Ma tissues. a ber of cancerous have 2010, or can pairs (Kaupp, healthy respond odorants interacting EORs in can specific 535 ORs the by human analyzing al activated to 304 after that ORs et odorants showed odorants (Tsai scientists of screening, 89 melanin binding high-throughput to of using for Recently, slow- growth mechanism by 2018). the melanocyte the Hatt, of increasing eludes reduction and biology the signaling to signaling leads p42MAPK This down signaling. ing p38MAPK transduces which OR2A4/OR2A7 oe hrpui hne ihvreyo ilgclfntoslk pr hmtxs on eln,hair healing, al wound et chemotaxis, (EORs) (Feldmesser sperm inhibition receptors” like cell olfactory functions cancer “Ectopic al biological regeneration, as of muscle known variety growth, are with chances which therapeutic blood, novel and al heart, et skin, market-(Flegel al intestine, 40% et and lungs, Glusman targets 2001; testis, drug (Firestein, major proteins the GPCR al are target which drugs (GPCR) al pharmaceutical receptors available et coupled (Glusman G-protein transmembrane chromosomes (Breer 7 human etc. of other dangers, Most com- of avoiding chemical and regions 2019). for mates odorants Hatt, identifying al differentiate & territories, et and making recognize Luu Depoortere to food, (Lee, (ORs) finding beings receptors and olfactory living munications use of can entities et metabolisms living internal Chan the by substances 2016; formed chemical Smith, various or & of environments al Fernandez et mixture (Pick a Locatelli, characters is 2016; and generally Ramirez., that & us surrounding al (Hetherington-Rauth trait odorants common as very known a is odor The Introduction and detect to date. till door outlined new review functions Aromatherapy This a manifold script, pathway. their open cancer including might the EORs trans- block cells Keywords: the also The cancerous of can activation potential and targets. Ligand-based therapeutic healthy therapeutic the stages. the early prospective summarizes in the in them involved in ORs make are cancer of diagnose functions They signals level metabolism, these receptors their energy ligands. expression All coupled proliferation, transduce cell specific formed G-protein tissues growth, etc. with are hair non-olfactory activation apoptosis, repairing, they in tissue the inflammation, As chemotaxis, ORs following like diverse placements. processes protein are cellular determined. their Golf several functions on be stimulate Their depending to they (EORs). vary yet (GPCR), receptors that are compartmen- pathways olfactory not them Ectopic different body, of as via our known majority throughout are available the which widely but parts, are nasal (ORs) in receptors talized olfactory of distributions The Abstract ., ., ., 08.Ooat r eeal ml n yrpoi rai oeue ihdvreceia structures chemical diverse with molecules organic hydrophobic and small generally are Odorants 2018). 04 hrte al et Cheret 2014; 07.Ecp o aa pteim R ol eas on vrweei h ua oy uhas such body, human the in everywhere found also be could ORs epithelium, nasal for Except 2017). , 08.Ti eiwitnst ou nterepesosadpsil ehnssi ieettissues different in mechanisms possible and expressions their on focus to intends review This 2018). ., ., 05.Aatfo hoooe2 n h ,O ee r rsn nacutri h telomeric the in cluster a in present are genes OR Y, the and 20 chromosome from Apart 2005). 08,b.A ayOsaesilopas hi ucin r e ob eemnd(Ma determined be to yet are functions their orphans, still are ORs many As b). 2018a, ., latr ytm drns iad,Esnilol elhbnfis acr imre,Tran- Biomarker, Cancer, benefits, Health oil, Essential Ligands, Odorants, system, Olfactory 03.ER hwn oncint h lato,btte ersn trciepotential attractive represent they but olfaction, the to connection no show EORs 2013). ., 08 e,Dpotr at 09.Frisac,ccoey aiyaeactivates salicylate cyclohexyl instance, For 2019). Hatt, & Depoortere Lee, 2018; ., 09 hne al et Chan 2009; ., 08.Cmol,ooat a eete aefo external from came either be can odorants Commonly, 2018). 2 ., 00 lsa tal et Glusman 2000; ., 06 ph tal et Spehr 2006; ., 01.Osaecasfidas classified are ORs 2001). ., 07.Rcpo based Receptor 2017). ., 01 ucig et Hutchings 2001; ., 03 us et Busse 2013; ., 05.Some 2015). ß ß eg& berg eg& berg , 2003; Posted on Authorea 6 May 2020 — CC BY 4.0 — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.158879165.59732424 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. neaa euae h eairo praoo yfseigsimn pe Sere al et (Spehr speed swimming fastening al et by direction (Neuheus spermatozoa and flagella of speed of behavior swimming frequency the the beating regulates increasing the undecanal by enhancing chemotaxis by spermatozoal spermatozoa function of triggers and bourgeonal location their odorant determine by to al efforts et mid-piece, (Parmentier testis increased in substantially discovered EOR human first the Following organs antibodies. et Reproductive specific (Fledmesser 3.1 own 1) not (table do tissue-specific liver they are the because some in proteins while is comprehensive lowest very the is and EORs 60) al than some (more of testis distribution in and identified al was et genes (Flagel EOR (2) of number highest The al 2019). et (Wu al et tissues (Xu al glands et salivary (Menteniotis 2018), cells al., et (Munakata pancreases ri Gri-Epri tal et Esparcia (Garcia- al brain or et al microarray (Itakura et placenta qRT-PCR, (Parmentier today: RT-PCR on until by 1992 depending in out testis (Ma the carried mRNA of generally (NGS) is sequencing next-generation identification transcripts EOR (Fer-Nowadays, arthritis promoting reducing as stress, oxidative such al alleviating bonding, et and ligand-receptor proliferation through rer sensati- cell responses neural healing, different and wound triggering smelling through regeneration, of with perception muscle capable smell business are creating no they have for but EORs responsible on, are neurotransmitters. epithelium and networks, nasal the neural in hormones, ORs ligands, human by activating in EORs After receptors that fact olfactory the expressed towards Ectopically us 3. directs components discussion therapeutics. signaling future above the for the and potentials types All good cell different 2019). some activating the Hatt, have in on might versatility & depend their Depoortere which to (Lee, owing mechanisms involved functions signaling biological cellular cell and 2001). on molecular (Firestein, effects nucleotide-gated different influx cyclic have sodium cation-selective EORs and Some nonspecific calcium III (cAMP) of external cyclase monophosphate opening in adenylyl adenosine the cyclic activates resulting facilitates of channels protein amount increase (CNG) Golf the This GTP, raises based cytoplasm. on of cascade later the binding signaling which in that the ADCY3) Following of as known initiation protein. also signals The Golf chemical (ACIII, 1989). et of produces Reed, Tham which activation & 2015; cascade the Lomvardas, (Jones signal on & information a chemical transduce Dalton and the 2000; ORs (Buck, amplifying with by functions functions bind biological the Odorants activate activate Normally to to 2019). ligands ligands al., 2015). their as Ma al., be odorants 2016; et can specific al., Wu odorants EORs. et with Ferrer only 2015; termed 2015; so al., olfaction al., ORs, et with et as (Kim confirmed connection Xu structures no same be 2013; have the to al., have they need et EORs tissues, bio-functions Garcia-Esparcia non-sense potential 2007; more in with al., testis, al., exist tissue mammalian et et ORs non-sense in Braun Glusman As identified other 1992; was 1998; the EOR al., al., in first et et found the (Parmentier (Rouquier among 1992, were pseudogenes genes, Since EORs are 900 2015). more about al., others Axel, and with et the & epithelium Wiese (Buck and nasal 2001; level functional, in Firestein, molecular are family 2001; at genes GPCR began largest 370 research the olfaction only as rats, which discovered in are ORs genes the OR found 1991). (1991) Axel and Buck After system Olfactory 2. ., 06 lne tal et Olender 2006; ., 2016). ., 03.Sbtnily h xrsin fERtasrpsaentvr toga aa ORs nasal as strong very not are transcripts EOR of expressions the Substantially, 2013). ., 07,rtn Jvnei tal. et (Jovancevic retina 2017), ., ., 06ab,cricadseea uce(oacvce al et (Jovancevic muscle skeletal and cardiac a,b), 2016 06.Ms fteeiecsso htER xrs ttemN ee,ntas not level, mRNA the at express EORs that show evidences the of Most 2016). ., 03,ln G tal et (Gu lung 2013), ., 06,gt(ru tal et (Braun gut 2006), ß ., eg&Ht,21) ni o,6 fttlOshv enidentified been have ORs total of 6% now, Until 2018). Hatt, & berg 92.O12wstefis O dnie nhmn.Activation humans. in identified EOR first the was OR1D2 1992). ., 92,mn Oswr on ndffrn o-es tissues non-sense different in found were EORs many 1992), ß eg&Ht,21) ic h dnicto ffis O in EOR first of identification the Since 2018). Hatt, & berg , ., 07) kn(hme al et (Tham skin 2017b), 3 04,lvr(ue al et (Wu liver 2014), ., 07,cln(ai aai&Kwhr,2011), Kuwahara, & Karaki (Kaji, colon 2007), ., 05,kde Klee al et (Kelbe kidney 2015), ., 05,hat(i tal et (Kim heart 2015), ., ., ., 09,tnu Mlke al et (Malik tongue 2019), 06.O12atvtdby activated OR1D2 2006). 07) iwyadadipose and airway 2017a), ., 06) leukemia 2016c), ., 03.The 2003). ., 2015), ., Posted on Authorea 6 May 2020 — CC BY 4.0 — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.158879165.59732424 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. kni h ags ra ftehmnbd htmitisdrc otc ihteetra environment. external the with contact direct maintains that body human the of organ largest the regulating is by Skin pressure blood and renin Skin of import- 3.5 secretion most the the control are Ca could OR1A2 intracellular acid the and 4-methylvaleric al OR1A1 and et system. acid (Flegel valeric urinary al liver the et the (Maßberg in in metabolism role found important ORs very ant a plays kidney lungs The the in cell muscle Paired airway Kidney contraction. the 3.4 cell of al muscle contraction smooth et increased airway al Gu causes human et activation induced 2013; (Kalbe OR1D1 expression control and Ben-Shahar, the to the histamine Bourgeonal, is & inhibit shows system with (Gu can respiratory line the butyrate flexibility in cell amyl airway EOR by A549 Ca this and of intracellular (NSCLC) function release secreting cancer important serotonin by most lung The signaling 2013; proliferation. cell PI3K and Non-small migration prompts al., on and et helional study (Gu al by cells A (NEC) triggered activated 2014). our neuroendocrine OR2J3 EORs in Different pulmonary of system system. al., in prominent respiratory release the et the is serotonin for Gu system environment control respiratory the odorants the contact different alive, to by way being the for is trait Inhalation primary body. most the is breathing As al human system the et Respiratory of (Flagel 3.3 tissues etc. various skin, al in heart, widely et tongue, expressed Malik human be 2017a; (PSGR1) the can as OR51E1 EORs such two system. by body, these stimulated reproductive that tissue al showed male this et researches the in (Neuhaus Up-to-date expressed of respectively EORs (ADT) gland definite 1,4,6-androstatriene-3,17-dione two endocrine hormone the important are (PSGR2) most OR51E2 the and is prostate by The fluid follicular different and 20 secretions than Prostate 2013). vaginal more 3.2 but in system, al., found reproductive et were female (Hartmann OR1D2 the chromatography-olfactometry(GC-O) of in gas activators discovered established EORs including few odorants a were there now, human Until in directly al channel Ca et and calcium Wennemuth CatSper )CatSper including transduction sperm, sperm in signal Ca of canonical for channel prerequisites the al the (cataion initiate et to the (Veitinger EORs even spermatozoa activating and of Ca cAMP Instead elicited messenger cause 2013). and al., cascade et Ca (Hartmann on found spermatozoa implications show in 5 testis highly ligands in novel expresses characterized that EORs al OR most et another ligands, (Spehr al specific is et were by OR4N4 (Flagel activated mobility tissues After 2011). spermatozoal other on in respectively found al., PI-23472 not et and is (Veitinger which Myrac testis al by in initiating et activated later by (Ottaviano OR4D1 found infertility expression and idiopathic OR7A5 gene with of embryogenesis effect correlated early be or may fertilization sensitivity cytosolic some of regulate transfer can the OR1D2 of activation ., 07.Ln-emepsr fsiuu,teatvto fO23cudpooeaotssadbokcell block and apoptosis provoke could OR2J3 of activation the stimulus, of exposure Long-term 2017). ., ., 03 etne tal et Veitinger 2003; 2016a). α- nrs-6e--n o RD n -yrx-,5dimethyl-[2 4-hydroxy-2, and OR4D1 for androst-16-en-3-one ., ., 03 Str 2003; 2+ 2019). u i APmdae aha Punc,21;Seade al et Shepard 2013; (Pluznick, pathway cAMP-mediated via flux 2+ β- inln.Mbfai,abokr ol nii ieetclimcanl located channels calcium different inhibit could blocker, a Mibefradil, signaling. retn otences(ehu tal et (Neuhaus nucleus the to arrestin2 ., ne tal et unker ¨ ., 05 ue al et Wu 2015; 2+ 01 rne tal et Brenker 2011; rnins oeooat c naeyy yls ciain h second the activation, cyclase adenylyl on act odorants some transients, ., 01.Truhtsigteidcino pr Ca sperm of induction the testing Through 2011). 2+ inl ciae yooat Bzrzan,Shle se,1995; Tsien, & Scheller (Bezprozvanny, odorants by activated signals ., ., 01 lgle al et Flegel 2011; 03.Te a ersosbefrdtxfiainadhepatic and detoxification for responsible be may They 2013). ., 05.O5E n R17i h inysiuae yiso- by stimulated kidney the in OR11H7 and OR51E1 2015). ., 2016). ., 4 02.Climcanl n xrclua Ca extracellular and channels Calcium 2012). ., 2016). ., 06 ei ta. 07 oacvce al et Jovancevic 2017; al., et Gelis 2016; ., 06.Rdcdbugoa perception bourgeonal Reduced 2006). ., ., 03 idn tal et Sinding 2013; ., 09 abr at 2018). Hatt, & Maßberg 2009; H 04.O2G stimulated OR2AG1 2014). -uaoefrO75were OR7A5 for ]-furanone 2+ β- ., ooeadsteroid and ionone lvtdlvl two level, elevated 2016). 2+ u Kleet (Kalbe flux 2+ ., 03.The 2013). transients 2+ are ., Posted on Authorea 6 May 2020 — CC BY 4.0 — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.158879165.59732424 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. rnlctsaesbetdt eerhwt odaoacmons hsmasavroscasIO trans- OR I class al various a et neutrophil means poly-morpho-nuclear (Malik This and perception compounds. cells, aroma taste present T food our OR51E1 and with on B and research cells, to impact OR5P3, killer subjected OR5A1, good are natural OR2W1, a granulocytes cells, have specified. mononuclear can be blood tongue to peripheral human need the functions which in for tissues immune of synthesis the in part takes OR1A1 cells, liver et (Wu In expression gene 2015). (GPAM) acyltransferase al., and al glycerol-3-phosphate pathway mitochondrial et signaling reducing cAMP-dependent (Maßberg by triglyceride the proliferation activates cells cell hepatocellular decreases reduce in but OR1A2 secretion 2016b). induced Hatt, serotonin the cells (-)-citronellal increase al., & from may (EC) et helional odorants enterochromaffin Depoortere by (Kalbe stimulated gut the level (Lee, is calcium in tackle cells metabolites intracellular present EC to many pancreatic ORs has in several produces OR2J3 it contrary, activate microbiota because Ca can gut increase ORs spices as and from expressed odorants inside that Different part from 2019). important and most world the outside is and gut migration The increased in results activation Gut 3.7 This cells. Ca endothelial inhibiting vein by umbilical angiogenesis and heart arteries, explanted human al coronary two effects inotropic et strongest induce et (Jovancevic The reversely (Jovancevic and acids. (Lee, (MCFAs) preparations cardiomyocytes fatty acids cell-derived systems sense stem fatty cardiovascular human medium-chain can affects fetal related and and structurally expression adult and huge by al acids a in body shows Nonanoic identified our OR51E1 are been throughout stimulators 2019). have blood Hatt, next-generation provides ORs & Through which different circulation. Depoortere blood system, 10 through circulatory body almost the our sequencing, enter of can important odorant Different most pumping. rhythmic the is heart The that al Heart showed et 3.6 cells (Tsai 2018) proliferation HeLA Ca cell intracellular on al., and reducing et Studies by IL-1 (Wojcik stimulated signaling 2018). of keratinocytes p38MAPK proliferation in production persuade and OR2A4/7 can the of migration al., activation expression to the et The in leads IL-6. increase cyclohexyl-salicylate as OR2AT4 an such by (Cheret cause brahmanol, secretion may cytokine follicles or alcohol, with sandalore keratinocytes isononyl hair of agonist with of its activation on growth Upon depending induced the 2014). OR51B5, be increase may al., also keratinocytes et can and (Sondersorg neurons activation OR2AT4 trigeminal healing al by wound between et The (Busse communication keratinocyte pathway. oxyphenylon are up cell-cell cAMP-dependent antagonist ORs via by speeds pannexin-mediated of blocked healing activation 5 level wound be this than mRNA in can high that more results process a showed far, and express experiment So proliferation keratinocytes ex-vivo Basal and 2018). An 2018). migration , (Oh, sandalore. Hatt layers with skin & paired epidermal (Maßberg OR2AT4 and tissues tissues skin skin in in found presented receptors sensory Various RJ vial npnrai Ccls(ab tal et (Kalbe cells EC pancreatic in available al OR2J3 et al al immunohistoche- et (Flagel et in (Flegel (Maßberg system al liver retina lism nervous et the for (Jovancevic human in expression section found the type-specific retinal ORs of the cell of showed ganglia staining OR10AD1 root mical and dorsal OR5P3, Ca and OR2W3, evoke trigeminus can 2015). cells, in tubular particularly proximal al renal expressed et in present (Kalbe OR11H7, intracellularly OR, influx another signaling, cyclase adenylyl By tissues Other 3.8 ., ., 07) R11myrglt u er aea t ciainb CA eaieyaet chronotropic affects negatively MCFAs by activation its as rate heart our regulate may OR51E1 2017a). 2015). 2+ ., ee hc ed oterglto fsrtnnscein(ru tal et (Braun secretion serotonin of regulation the to leads which level 05 ue al et Wu 2015; 2+ ., nu n rti iaeB(K)popoyain(i tal et (Kim phosphorylation (AKT) B kinase protein and influx 07) drn ya a ciaeO1J rsn ntehmnaorta, human the in present OR10J5 activate can lyral Odorant 2017a). ., ., 06) N-e nlssietfisa rhnO,O63 ti highly is It OR6B3. OR, orphan an identifies analysis RNA-seq 2016b). ., 03.Te a ersosbefrdtxfiainadhptcmetabo- hepatic and detoxification for responsible be may They 2013). 05.Srtnnsceincnas ergltdb helional-stimulated by regulated be also can secretion Serotonin 2015). ., ., 5 07.SvrlOsaeas on ntetnu and tongue the in found also are ORs Several 2017). 07) RA n RA r h otimportant most the are OR1A2 and OR1A1 2017b). ., 04.I h ocluesse,APbased ATP system, co-culture the In 2014). 2+ n APlvl nmelanocytes in levels cAMP and ., 09.Erythrocytes, 2019). ., 07.OR2A4/7 2017). ., 07.O the On 2007). ., 2015) 2+ ., Posted on Authorea 6 May 2020 — CC BY 4.0 — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.158879165.59732424 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. n irnlaol n irnla ctu pce)cntigrOsi o-hmsnoytsusadaetthe affect and tissues non-chemosensory in oil ORs (rose trigger geraniol can Some berries), species) and 2006). (citrus Dudareva, (roses citronellal & ionone and (thyme), Noel oil) (Pichersky, thymol al citronella EO (pelargonium), et and of citronellal (Blowman components viz. treatment volatiles main cancer these the of on are Perry, effect terpenoids & and good (Perry terpenes a world Volatile Alz- have the like can of diseases EOs parts for that different found materials in has treatment pregnancy al powerful in et re- as pain Shiina and al professionals labor 2006; et rejuvenating and folklore (Guleria stress, cancer by characteristics pressure the cardiovascular, antioxidant al used on relieving heimer’s, and et are effectively Besides antimicrobial (Ali EOs very 2000). has science centuries, work also Sushil, For medical can EOs & in they individuals, Rakesh elements, position the (Alok, aromathe- fragrance generating strong inhalation in with very by agents concentrated a even therapeutic highly possesses main points are still the EOs with are that As taken EOs system 2015). refractive. be treatment highly also age-old are an can they rapy, EOs weight, of molecular lungs small Some and Furthermore, With skin 2018). the additives. through Hatt, as (Schiller, odorants & foods these compounds intake or (Maßberg fragrance could ethers, drinks of inhalation body mixture esters, human and a The aldehydes, absorption 1996). considered by alcohol, , be colorless Wildwood can hydrocarbons, 1994; are which Schiller, unsaturated EOs terpenes, & 2004). and and (Lahlou, phenols, saturated (EOs) oxides oils of ketones, essential consisting plant in liquids found smelling naturally function. are heart odorants activating in EORs ORs al compounds et flavor of (Jovancevic and oriented participation cardiomyocytes heart oil cell-derived the explanted Essential stem human indicate 4.2 human in to in trabeculae negativity point cardiac chronotropic in induce in al case negatively results et a can (Costa OR51E1 is MCFA-activated intake which valericBecause dietary and tissue, direct acid adipose as decanoic be epicardial acid, also well can nonanoic as like OR51E2, MCFA tissue 2016; to by paralogous al adipose Pluznick, activated OR51E1, et 2016; be receptor (Fujita Pluznick, to derivatives Another prone & 2018). acid most (Natarajan but al., SCFA, prostate et by the OR51E2 Abaffy stimulated in trigger 2016; can signals Garrett, fermentation & proliferative microbiota Rooks and gut renin from anabolic generated induces reduce metabolite and and SCFA kidney an the fiber acid, in Propionic the OR51E2 2016). on stimulates etc. see-weeds, Acetate depends yogurt, 2003). (Pluznick production milk, Macfarlane, SCFAs secretion apricots, & of apples, al (Macfarlane amount are et mainly body fiber the Dalile EORs, human dietary 2012; but activate of day, can al., sources per et that good 500–600 gut (Dhingra Some ligands about the sources. of body, and in human group dose the formed intake large In are (MCFAs). a SCFAs acids are of fatty acids medium-chain mmol and fatty (SCFAs) date, acids fatty to short-chain research the to groups. According main examples. three with into elaborated Acids (ligands) been Fatty have odorants 4.1 groups activating three EORs homeostasis these the for section, summarize this responsible we for In stress review, 2), (Table literature the humans the reducing From in by process recovery odorants psychological barrier by al and activations skin et physiological EORs encourage (Denda a presented can al on have et odorants investigations help (Denda example, Several some life 2019). have human in Hatt, may role & administration crucial Depoortere very Lee, a play 2008; potentials therapeutic EORs with with Odorants ligands therapeutic 2018). as Berry, Odorants & 4. Hoener (Gainetdinov, ORs al. as et act (Geithe can cells defense body human al those in expressed are cripts ., 06,b.Vltl mnscntre rc mn-soitdrcpos(AR ee nhmnwhich human in genes (TAAR) receptors amine-associated trace target can amines Volatile b). 2016a, ., 00 neuc tal et Angelucci 2000; ., 08 ib tal et Jimbo 2008; , 03.Point ciae R12t iiaeara otato Asnege al et (Aisenberg contraction airway mitigate to OR51E2 activates Propionate 2013). ., 07 oacvce al et Jovancevic 2007; ., 09.Aeae(2 n rpoae(3 r h rmnn CA nthe in SCFAs prominent the are (C3) propionate and (C2) Acetate 2019). ., ., 2014). 09 mt,Clis&Cote,21) vnrcn eia science medical recent Even 2011). Crowther, & Collins Smith, 2009; ., 6 07) CAcnb eesdb h eaoimof metabolism the by released be can MCFA 2017a). ., 98.MF speeti ua lsaand plasma human in present is MCFA 1998). , 05 lr tal et Clark 2015; ., 2018). ., 06 atnoi et Manteniotis 2016; ., 00 aoe al et Kako 2000; ., 2017a). ., 2013). ., ., ., Posted on Authorea 6 May 2020 — CC BY 4.0 — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.158879165.59732424 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. nt aha Glsen&Bon 90.I diin oso eaoi nemdae fti pathway this of intermediates metabolic of lots addition, meval- In through isoprene 1990). unit functional Brown, their & into (Goldstein degraded pathway are terpenes onate biosynthesis, cholesterol animal In by phosphorylation biosynthesis MAPK3) melanin as al Metabolites induce known et (also 4.3 and (Tsai MAPK signaling melanocyte p44 MAPK and/or of p38 MAPK1) growth promoting as known and the Ca (also inhibit and MAPK monophosphate) can p42 adenosine reducing It (cyclic cAMP OR2A4/OR2A7. intracellular activating reduce can salicylate Cyclohexyl al et PKA (Wu triggers concentrations concentrations. oil, lipid triglyceride essential intracellular spearmint reducing in Ca by compound intracellular lism supreme influencing a without (–)-carvone, pathway ligand signaling OR3A1 the OR1A1, by OR1G1, stimulated e.g. ORs, OR1A1 some activating by motility al macrophage gut et granulocyte– increase (Braun spices and from (IL-8) thymol and interleukin-8 Eugenol of al secretion bourgeonal et using the OR1D2 (Kalbe elicited of factor air- stimulation colony-stimulating and contrast, human By contractility of relaxation. contraction cell muscle histamine-inducedd in increased the resulting inhibit cells, muscle might butyrate smooth way amyl Krautwurst, using & OR2AG1 Behrens of Pizio, Activation (Di patients cancer al colon treat et to (Weber used proliferation been 2019). already cell have of which troenan with inhibition cells capsules and cancer apoptosis colorectal in in OR51B4 results (Pichavant, & stimulates formation 3-dioxane) myofibre Kafadar myotube (5-methyl-2-pentan-2-yl-5-propyl-1, migration, (Griffin, Troenan and myocyte tissues adhesion to muscle cell-cell leading 2015). of Pavlath, cAMP modulates & regeneration intracellular also Burkholder of the OLFR16 rise on myogenesis. a and impact causes branching, great activation a This al OR2AT4-induced has 2009). (Ch´eret means et Pavlath, cycle Lyral That growth by IGF1. hair activated of the OLFR16 production in the role boosting significant improvement by ker- a anagen follicle matrix has promotes hair hair signaling activation of the OR2AT4 reduction of 2019). strong phase) development. Krautwurst, a growth catagen & induce (active inhibiting can Behrens sandalore by Pizio, by growth apoptosis (Di also atinocyte lotions and anagen-prolonging Brahmanol and of by OR2AT4 shampoo formation of for al Activation ingredient the et an (Cheret boosting it apoptosis by making of by amount growth the clinically hair reducing and promotes IGF-1 sandalore Ker- factor by keratinocytes. human follicles human wounded in of hair healing migration develop can and OR2AT4 by mediated proliferation cells sandalore the by migration in and results proliferation Ca This atinocyte following pathway phosphorylation. cAMP-dependentt al kinases the triggers et tein and evoking (Wiese OR2AT4 suppress (p70S6K) by also stimulates kinase can (NDRG1) Sandalore S6 It 1 JNK/SAPK. protein effects and gene ribosomal MAPK, and of downstream-regulated p38 phosphorylation (PYK2), presence N-myc 2 the its kinase suppressor tyrosine shown tumor of has phosphorylation the in downstream prostate, retards melanocytes the of ligand Ca in al proliferation This increases native et the and Src off (Gelis be kinase cut to too tyrosine also tissues believed can skin formerly It on OR51E2, dendritogenesis. culture. and melanogenesis cell on impact good al et β- Wu 2013; Ben-Shahar, & Gu al 2012; et (Sanz process cellular ooe nedgnu iadfrO5E,i eyaalbecmoeto omtc eas thsa has it because cosmetics of component available very a is OR51E2, for ligand endogenous an ionone, xvivo ex ., 07.Tyo a loidc nignssvahR771(i tal et hOR17-7/11(Kim via angiogenesis induce also can Thymol 2007). ytm(us tal et (Busse system ., 05 ru tal et Braun 2005; ., ., 2015). 06.I rsaecne cells, cancer prostate In 2016). ., 2+ ., 04 odroge al et Sondersorg 2014; i rnin eetrptnilcanl(RP)(ph tal et (Spehr (TRVP6) channel potential receptor transient via 2016a). ., 05 hoe al et Zhao 2015; ., ., 07 at tal et Saito 2007; 2017). 7 2+ ees hstasuto ep nhptcmetabo- hepatic in helps transduction This levels. α- ., ern ciae R05addcesshepatic decreases and OR10J5 activates cedrene ., 2013). 04.Atvto fO2T nhmnscalp human in OR2AT4 of Activation 2014). ., ., 09 dper,Miln Matsunami, & Mainland Adipietro, 2009; 08.Iayhspandt s sandalore use to planned has Italy 2018). β- ., ., ooetigr R12adactivates and OR51E2 triggers ionone 07.I emnciis suppository clinics, German In 2017). 2018). ., 2015). 2+ ., 2015). nrmn n pro- and increment 2+ eesby levels ., 2011). Posted on Authorea 6 May 2020 — CC BY 4.0 — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.158879165.59732424 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. RA4cnices h hshrlto fp8MP htlast ekma hsrcpo expresses receptor This leukemia. to al leads et (Manteniotis that AML leukemia p38-MAPK myelogenous both of human al in in phosphorylation et proliferation highly (Manteniotis the cell p38MAPK increase inhibit of Ca can can phosphorylation intracellular OR2AT4 the OR51B5 increase reducing and patients. by OR51B5 patients (AML) activates CML alcohol leukemia express and Isononyl myelogenous cell (CML) OR51B5. acute leukemia specifically in myelogenous rate, level chronic high that a shows at study recent OR a sequencing, next-generation By (CTL) lymphocyte al T et leukemia cytotoxic (Morita Myelogenous specific CICs 5.5 Peptide to toxic tumorigenicity. al is higher et OR7C1 (Weber in for kinases antigen results phosphorylation Akt in which results and OR7C1, This mTOR expresses changes. p38, anti-migration, level anti-proliferation, of calcium stimulate intracellular changes and can levels activation Troenan PLC cells, by HCT116 pro-apoptosis In and knockdown. mediated shRNA by al et Weber al 2017, et In (Giandomenico diagnosis based Cancer SSTRs Colorectal to 5.4 respond not membrane do release receptors extensive Somatostatin patients the the available to tumor 2013) against start Due target some therapeutic can cells. Moreover, novel cancer also a lung as (SSTRs). receptor in considered OR51E1 be This of can OR51E1 expression high OR2J3. localization, This and of stable humans. quite expression in show the studies tissues about (NSCLC) cancer positivity Ca lung of strong non-small-cell very in shows metastasis cell tumor reduces increases thus silencing and RSK1 cyclase adenylyl inhibits Ca cancer Sandranol intracellular Lung The of 5.3 apoptosis. increase extent- bladder. an limited evoke identified normal which a be levels the to can cAMP leads to that and cytoskeletons compared arrest of OR10H1 cycle morphology the of change expression and can cadherin, significant receptor this a of show triggering tissues cancer in can “over-expressed” Bladder al are OR2B6 et genes (Weber EOR cancer. Cancer 2019). tissues three breast Bladder Giorgio, carcinoma These 5.2 for & breast up-regulated. biomarker Zwiebel as highly (Masjedi, probable remarkable also tissues a as hardly cancer are not be breast OR2T8 tissues but to and healthy tissues, OR2W3 However, it carcinoma makes gene 2018a). several tissues. histone that in carcinoma a OR2B6 express with in mutually also of together express in expression transcript also found can any fusion was breast OR2B6 show in OR2B6 a patients. OR2B6 of build cancer of expression and breast expression upregulated from 80% HIST1H2BO The tumors and respectively. of 73% tissues platelets found carcinoma been blood and has lines cancer, high cell breast show in carcinoma EOR can tissue-specific they a OR2B6, Nevertheless, biomarkers potential tissues. 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R11cnas eaptnilboakrfrtedtcino oaottnrcpo-eaieln carcinoids lung receptor-negative somatostatin of detection the for biomarker potential a be also can OR51E1 elevation Others the 5.10 on al transformation effects erythroblast et positive with (Weng alpha- important up cancer show marker fused and prostate PCa chimerically be of (ETV-1) can with factor PSGR linked transcription Besides, (ETS) be cancer. specific prostate can et of OR51E2 development (Rigau al and the cancer et ensure OR51E1 (Wang prostate Both (AMACR) for prognosis. racemase biopsy methyl-CoA poor al alternative reveals et an expression (Cao as low cancer used al prostate be et in can (Xu it (PCa) sediment, cancer al urine Prostate a human and as in (PIN) introduced available neoplasia first intraepithelial prostate were noble remarkably al They themselves et PSGR2 tissues. 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OR52L1, expression et OR4F4, supra-nuclear altered (Ansoleaga showed while progressive half expression and patients, gene AD disease, OR in Creutzfeldt-Jakob regulated (AD), differentially present disease been palsy Alzheimer’s al have with et OR11H1) (Garcia-Esparcia samples pathogenesis and dys- Patients disease OR52L1, Parkinson’s al with of OR2J3, et stages relation Grison OR1E1, early 2013; the the (OR2L13, in proves ORs down-regulated be days Several to recent identified expression. in gene evaluation OR disorders regulated neuropsychiatric physiological and a Neurodegenerative has of possibly membrane it 2016). that outer Rivolta, concluded Disorders photosensitive & be Neurological the Kimchi can of 5.8 in (Sharon, it one transcript, located retina only Trim58 (RP) human is reported with pigmentosa the rare, OR2W3 fuse is not in Retinitis 2015). which does function called disease, it Huang, disease As retinal & dominant ocular cells. (Zhang autosomal cone an peoples inherited an 5000 to is to related RP 3000 highly 2015). is al., gene et (Ma OR2W3 in mutation Definite significantly effect to Pigmentosa aids Retinitis It al 5.7 activity. et cholinesterase (Koyano serum disease reducing autoimmune by liver metabolism (Me in cells. cell cancer phosphorylation liver hepatic p38MAP influences in by gene receptor Ca proliferation olfactory cytosolic expressed cell increases potentially reduces which a is OR1A2 OR1A1, activates to (-)citronellal paralogous is which OR1A2, diseases Hepatic 5.6 ., 00.Acrigt a tal. et Cao to According 2010). , 03 odade al et Woodward 2013; ., 04,wihmyla oterudnal motnei h eeomn ftedisease. the of development the in importance undeniable their to lead may which 2014), ., 01 ue al et Xu 2001; ., 03.Frboakraayi,tedtcino ohO41adO1H can OR11H1 and OR4M1 both of detection the analysis, biomarker For 2013). ., ., ., 00.IsmN ee,creae ihpott-pcfi nie PA,raises (PSA), antigen prostate-specific with correlated level, mRNA Its 2000). 05.Teeeae xrsinrfr oa al leaino C while PCa of alteration early an to refers expression elevated The 2015). 05 arsSlae al et Barros-Silva 2005; , ., SRcnbotu elpoieainivso n ae nmetastasis on later and invasion proliferation cell up boost can PSGR ., 2017). 06.PG oae ncrmsm 11 noig30aioacid- amino 320 encoding 11p15 chromosome in locates PSGR 2006). ., ., ., 04.Ofcoyrcpo eecutro 41. eincontai- region 14q11.2 on cluster gene receptor Olfactory 2014). 2013). 2008). ., 06.Teeoe ulmre a eago dnie to identifier good a be can marker dual a Therefore, 2006). 9 ., 2013). 2+ β ege al et berg ee i h APdpnetptwyand pathway cAMP-dependent the via level ., 05.A ulvrat OR1B1 variant, null a As 2015). , 03.AogtevrfidORs verified the Among 2013). ., 05 n traumatic and 2015) ., 06.A tis it As 2006). ., Posted on Authorea 6 May 2020 — CC BY 4.0 — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.158879165.59732424 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. esb sn atclrcanlbokr -P Klee al et (Kalbe 2-APB blockers channel 2016b). particular using by bers al et Ca L-type (Brown voltage-gated channels channels, CRAC channels, TRP its of indicating ment functionally al Ca expressed et the homomeric CNGA3 (Busse channel, Though functional chemotaxis CatSper forming sperm the of al OR-mediated with et capable in Along involvement (Kaupp protein cells. possible channel al rod sperm CNG et to native chan- a (Flegel native CNG as the cells ceptor perform body. is and can human cAMP, tissues CNGA1 the with human of channels. along peripheral tissues in cGMP most channel by in important activated identified very CNGA4, been a (CNGA2, not channel is cells has (CNG) nel ex- the CNGA2, nucleotide-gated subunits outside cyclic particularly necessary from heterotetrameric The CNGB1), happens canonical and (OSNs). generally the neurons It build sensory influx. to olfactory in calcium pressions cascade cAMP-induced pathway a canonical trigger the ORs representing ectopic the of Most 2011; Matsunami, flux & calcium Li cAMP-induced 2006; signal- 6.2 Luetje, brain’s & of 2014) expression Matsunami, down-regulation Rogers, Abaffy, receptor doing & 1998; and cytoplasm Firestein Reed, cells RTP2) neurons Peterlin, & and cancer Yau, in (RTP1 ap- (Krautwurst, in found 2 functional molecules activation are and ing They specific subunit 1 (REEP1). G-protein proteins for protein of transporter information enhancing Receptor data solid are proposed no co-factors and 8B important is al proof cholinesterase there of limited et Although inhibitors some (Sanz to are neurons. Resistance there factor sensory pearance, regulatory olfactory with in co-localize (Ric8B) can G-protein proteins. activated G An second al G by the et the modulated (Frank of of complex number be the activity large can from GTPase A kinases by cytosol. G and GDP of the isoforms. calmodulin, re-association into in GMP, C hydrolyzes release kinase cyclic GTP calcium AMP, protein to When lead actuate cyclic which 1,2- can including receptors DAG to messenger with (PIP2) (IP3). connect mechanisms. GTP 4,5-bisphosphate can cell 1,4,5-trisphosphate of phosphatidylinositol of IP3 inositol conversion hydrolyze elements and other can The inhibit (DAG) enzyme or diacylglycerol (2008). C initiate can Phospholipase Hamm messenger instance, & second For described This Oldham be G by 2007). can of (Sprang, elaborated which messenger” dissociation conformation complex, hypothesis in high-affinity results its distance” a GDP converts with a from bridges at and receptor “action initiates the and G with receptor G-protein and transmembrane of receptor G pocket” from 7 The “Empty dissociates G-protein. the and and OR, GTP-binding GPCR between upon the interaction to the on binds based ligand a activation When fragmentary EORs the for that by process stimulatory initial hypothesized strong al The the is a et 6.1 in (Flegel EORs as ORs tissues protein) of with human (Golf structure signaling in same G-protein The expressed the heterotrimeric mechanisms. widely share recommending their they cAMP, as perception; of neural well involvement and as smell epithelium in involved nasal not are EORs Even EORs al of et mechanisms (Gelis Possible melanoma including 6. antigen cells tumor-associated cancer as various behave in can T-cells, OR51E2 from CD8+ derived by peptide detected that (TSA), mentioned study recent A 2013). al et (Giandomenico ., 04.Osrqiedfiiecfcost eeo ebaelclzto frcpos The receptors. of localization membrane develop to cofactors definite require ORs 2014). 2+ α- neigcanl r tl otyuietfid oersace aesonteinvolve- the shown have researches some unidentified, mostly still are channels entering D n G and GDP ., ., 03 n ml netnlnuonorn acnms(eae al et (Leja carcinomas neuroendocrine intestinal small and 2013) 09.Teei osblt fdtriigCa determining of possibility a is There 2019). ., βγ. 05 ib tal et Digby 2005; vdneipiae htteei opyia iascaino G-protein of disassociation physical no is there that implicates Evidence βγ ie rmG from dimer ., 03 us tal et Busse 2013; ., 2006). 10 α htfrhrsat nrclua inln s“second as signaling intracellular starts further that βγ. hnGC ciae,G activates, GPCR When ., α 06;Fee tal et Flegel 2016b; ., 2+ α uui rsmsatigrdconformation triggered a presumes subunit 99.CG3canli oephotore- cone a is channel CNGA3 1989). hnes rsemtzaseicCatSper spermatozoa-specific or channels, ., uui,iatv G inactive subunit, 2014). ., 2+ 04 abr tal et Maßberg 2014; nu hog RMfml mem- family TRPM through influx ., ., 06 atnoi tal et Manteniotis 2016; 03.CG1 mainly CNGA1, 2013). αβγ α eessfo GDP. from releases ., ., sfre ythe by formed is ., 09 u tal et Cui 2009; 2017). 2015) ., ., Posted on Authorea 6 May 2020 — CC BY 4.0 — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.158879165.59732424 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. n upr rjc fHg-ee ecesi ejn uiia nvriis(rn o IDHT20180506). No. (Grant Interest Universities 2016000026833TD01), Municipal of Beijing No. Conflicts in (Grant 9. Teachers Team High-level Innovation of Scientist Project Youth Support project 2016YFD0400801), for No. and general Funding (Grant commission Talents China of education Excellent Program municipal Beijing Development Beijing Beijing Research, 31871749), Key 7162028), No. National (Grant No. China (KM202010011010), mRNA (Grant of Foundation Foundation doubt, Science Science Natural No National Natural by functions. supported was their research targets. This and therapeutic research antagonist, as future ORs or significant of Acknowledgement agonist and possibilities that 8. their the dynamic and encourage EORs most ORs, of can orphan EORs.The of research full the of level identification naturally deorphanize expression effects to is the therapeutic EO EO be use physiological possible mechanisms. can balance should the activation We can out body. EORs It human bring aroma-therapists. for the and may search in doctors the that responses local continue biosynthesis psychological by to several and used frequently source inhibit share and actually lion’s good compounds a can a fragrant Although stimulants be cancer. with can of health. them EO holy diagnosis human of clinical the of some noble betterment start a orphan, the to be is to and can leads ORs stage biomarkers embryonic These sug- ectopic 2018a). the been the work al., in also of pharmaceuticals et diseases have Weber of detect ORs 2017; 30% to al., Some approximately grail et 2006). as (Kalbe Hopkins, targets, biomarkers & therapeutic as Al-Lazikani gested as (Overington, ORs GPCRs consider rhodopsin-like targets. to through therapeutic practical they promising quite chemosensors as be as is be “chemosensors” categorized might It are they can as EORs the undoubtedly categorized they As body, 2019). be undoubtedly human Hatt, & can the diseases, Depoortere in EORs (Lee, in olfaction of involvement to connection characteristics prominent no The show their targets. show therapeutic ORs promising several expressed by extra-nasally cascade As signal intracellular transduce Conclusions can 7. odorants specific their by activated mechanisms. ORs essence, In G- any activating al Without pathway. as G such signaling ligands via specific (sarcoma) some that Src show Ca evidences kinase the Some raise tyrosine can the cascade this activate protein, can ORs Some decrease al can et (Manteniotis p44/42-MAPK patient of Others (AML) phosphorylation 6.4 leukemia the myelogenous through acute and in growth apoptosis cell cell al hinder et can proteins(Rodriguez OR2AT4 protein scaffold MAPK), al G regulatory and heterotrimeric et less structure the Wu other ligands systems, 2015; of OR cellular involvement the regarding the on the and relied of subunits, distinctly biochemistry are and systems be al physiological morphology to concentration, et in presume signaling (Kim kinases mediated processes ORs protein cellular These These several various pathway. of in canonical MAPK, modulators the precisely downstream of cascades, main independent kinase the protein or downstream dependent regulate signaling to cellular lead can activation OR Ectopic cascade downstream MAPK 6.3 cAMP without Ca (CREB) intracellular protein and element-binding induction response cAMP induces OR1A1 pathway. cAMP-dependent Ca Intracellular ., 01 abr tal et Maßberg 2011; βγ tmlto.O5E hw novmn nA-eitdsgaigtruhSckns Seret (Spehr kinase Src through signaling AR-mediated in involvement shows OR51E1 stimulation. ., 2+ 05.B euigerypopoyaino 3 ioe-ciae rti iae (p38- kinases protein mitogen-activated p38 of phosphorylation early reducing By 2015). nrmn nhmnara mohcl sidcdb RD n RA1truha through OR2AG1 and OR1D2 by induced is cell smooth airway human in increment ., 2016). 2+. 2+ ee ntecl i rnin eetrptnilcanlV (TRPV6). V6 channel potential receptor transient via cell the in level 11 β- ooecntigrP3/K ontemsignaling downstream PI3K/AKT trigger can ionone ., 05 ei tal et Gelis 2015; ., 2016a). ., 04 is tal et Wiese 2014; ., 2016) ., Posted on Authorea 6 May 2020 — CC BY 4.0 — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.158879165.59732424 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. noeg,B,Gri-saca . iah,R,Hr,J . ao,B,&Fre,I 21) eraein Decrease (2015). I. Ferrer, schizophrenia. & chronic in B., cortex Ramos, prefrontal dorsolateral research M., the psychiatric J. in model. of expression Haro, AD-related receptor R., taste and Pinacho, of and olfactory P., CJD, Dysregulation Garcia-Esparcia, (2013). and B., I. PSP Ferrer, Ansoleaga, AD, & in E., receptors Aso, J., taste 369-382. Moreno, and F., olfactory Llorens, brain P., Physiological Garcia-Esparcia, (2014). B., H. Maibach, Ansoleaga, & essential overview. O., E. 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(5), , rnir nOncology in Frontiers 22 1) 798-804. (1B), nentoa ora fcsei science cosmetic of journal International cetfi reports Scientific epai NwYr,NY) York, (New Neoplasia , 25 h MOjournal EMBO The 6,758-776. (6), , 8 , 162. , 5 8,601-611. (8), Neuroscience , 6 38231. , Cell Analytical , , , 100 , Journal , 31 15 2018 248 , (7), (7), (6), 36 , . Posted on Authorea 6 May 2020 — CC BY 4.0 — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.158879165.59732424 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. err . acaEpri,P,Croa . ar,E,Aoia . oas .G,...&Gsicc,S. Gustincich, & . . . disease. G., and ectopic G. health Kovacs, in Widespread system E., (2006). nervous neuroscience Aronica, the D. aging organs: E., in non-chemosensory Lancet, Carro, in M., & receptors Olfactory Carmona, R., (2016). P., Ophir, Garcia-Esparcia, I., I., Ferrer, Yanai, genes. 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(13), h nentoa ora of journal international The erlg:Clinical Neurology: , 127 , 9 (11), (1), Posted on Authorea 6 May 2020 — CC BY 4.0 — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.158879165.59732424 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. al 3.docx Table file Hosted olfactory-receptors-in-human-new-therapeutic-possibilities 2.docx Table file Hosted olfactory-receptors-in-human-new-therapeutic-possibilities 1.docx Table file Hosted vial at available at available at available https://authorea.com/users/317525/articles/447589-ectopic- https://authorea.com/users/317525/articles/447589-ectopic- https://authorea.com/users/317525/articles/447589-ectopic- 21 Posted on Authorea 6 May 2020 — CC BY 4.0 — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.158879165.59732424 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. olfactory-receptors-in-human-new-therapeutic-possibilities 22