HAMAMELIDACEAE 金缕梅科 Jin Lu Mei Ke Zhang Zhiyun (张志耘)1, Zhang Hongda (张宏达 Chang Hung-Ta)2; Peter K

Flora of China 9: 18–42. 2003.

HAMAMELIDACEAE 金缕梅科 jin lu mei ke Zhang Zhiyun (张志耘)1, Zhang Hongda (张宏达 Chang Hung-ta)2; Peter K. Endress3 Shrubs or trees, evergreen or deciduous, hermaphroditic, andromonoecious, or monoecious. Indumentum usually of stellate hairs or stellate or peltate scales. Buds perulate or naked. Leaves distichous or spiral, rarely subopposite or opposite, stipules minute to large, usually paired (solitary and enclosing bud in Mytilaria, and apparently absent in Rhodoleia); petiole usually well defined; leaf blade simple or palmately lobed, pinnately veined or palmately 3–5-veined. Inflorescences usually spikes or heads, rarely racemes or (condensed) thyrses or panicles, axillary or terminal. Flowers small to medium-sized, bracteate and often bracteolate, bisexual or unisexual, actinomorphic or rarely zygomorphic (Rhodoleia), hypogynous to epigynous, floral cup shallow to urn- shaped, sometimes absent; sepals 4 or 5(–10), sometimes absent, imbricate, usually persistent; petals absent or 4 or 5, yellow, white, greenish or red, often ribbonlike and circinate in bud, caducous; stamens 4, 5, or many, free, rarely arranged in 2 whorls with the inner whorl staminodal, development of polyandrous androecia centripetal or centrifugal; anthers basifixed, thecae mostly bi- sporangiate, each opening by two valves or a simple longitudinal slit, or monosporangiate and opening by a single valve (Exbucklandia, Hamamelis and the genera of the S hemisphere), connective protruding; disk scales sometimes present between stamens and carpels. Ovary 2-locular, carpels free at apex; ovules mostly 1 per carpel, less often many, but then most of them sterile, crassinucellar, bitegmic, anatropous, halfway between apotropous and epitropous, pendent from ovary top if solitary, along the carpellary margins if numerous; placentation axile. Styles and stigmas 2. Fruit a capsule, dehiscing septicidally, septifragally, or loculicidally and 4-valved; endocarp woody or leathery, usually loose from leathery exocarp. Seeds 1 to many per carpel; if solitary then seed coat thick, hard, smooth and shiny, black or brown; if numerous then sometimes winged and only a few viable. Endosperm thin; embryo straight; cotyledons leaflike, radicle short.

About 30 genera and 140 species: E and S Africa (including Madagascar), E, W, and SE Asia, NE Australia, Central, North, and South America, Pacific Islands; 18 genera (four endemic) and 74 species (58 endemic) in China. Several genera and species need critical revision. Chang Hung-ta. 1979. Hamamelidaceae. In: Chang Hung-ta, ed., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 35(2): 36–116. 1a. Ovules and seeds several to many per carpel; inflorescences capitate or spicate; leaves palmately veined, sometimes lobed (pinnately veined in Rhodoleia and Altingia). 2a. Stipules apparently absent; leaves pinnately veined, entire; petals spatulate to oblanceolate, red; inflorescence axillary, nodding, enclosed by conspicuous involucre of rounded bracts as long as flowers ...... 6. Rhodoleia 2b. Stipules present; leaves usually palmately veined, often acuminately lobed (pinnately veined and simple in Altingia); petals linear or absent; inflorescence terminal, not nodding, not enclosed by involucre. 3a. Stipules large, leaving each node with prominent annular scar; infructescences elongate or, if ± capitate, capsules clearly exserted. 4a. Inflorescence capitate; anthers 2-locular ...... 5. Exbucklandia 4b. Inflorescence spicate; anthers 4-locular 5a. Stipule 1, long and tubular; petals present ...... 7. Mytilaria 5b. Stipules 2, rounded; petals absent ...... 8. Chunia 3b. Stipules linear, leaving small discrete scars; infructescences globose, capsules not or only slightly exserted, or inflorescence 2-flowered. 6a. Inflorescence with 2 opposite flowers; flower with 5 stamens; petals red ...... 1. Disanthus 6b. Inflorescence with 5 or more flowers; flowers with more than 5 stamens; petals white or absent. 7a. Styles and staminodes caducous; leaves undivided, pinnately veined ...... 2. Altingia 7b. Styles and staminodes persistent; leaves lobed, or at least basally 3-veined. 8a. Leaf blade palmately 3–5-lobed, base cordate; infructescence globose ...... 3. Liquidambar 8b. Leaf blade heteromorphic, undivided and basally 3-veined or palmately 3-lobed, base cuneate; infructescence semiglobose with truncate base ...... 4. Semiliquidambar 1b. Ovules and seeds 1(–3) in each carpel (Corylopsis with 2 extra, abortive ovules in each carpel); inflorescences racemose, spicate or condensed thyrses or panicles; leaves pinnately veined, undivided. 9a. Petals absent, stamens variable in number. 10a. Inflorescences capitate spikes, without terminal flowers, each flower with simple bract and without bracteoles, sepals present; capsules arranged spirally along main axis, sessile. 11a. Leaves evergreen, venation brochidodromous ...... 9. Sycopsis

1 Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing 100093, People’s Republic of China. 2 Life Sciences College, Zhongshan (Sunyatsen) University, Guangzhou 510275, People’s Republic of China. 3 Institut für Systematische Botanik der Universität Zürich, Zollikerstrasse 107, CH-8008, Zürich, Switzerland. HAMAMELIDACEAE

11b. Leaves deciduous, venation craspedodromous ...... 10. Parrotia 10b. Inflorescences condensed panicles or botryoids with terminal flowers, each flower with (often 3-parted) bract and (none or)1 or 2 (3-parted or simple) bracteoles, sepals absent; capsules arranged mostly distichously along main axis, sometimes stalked. 12a. Floral cup absent ...... 11. Distylium 12b. Floral cup present ...... 12. Distyliopsis 9b. Petals and stamens usually 4 or 5, rarely petals reduced. 13a. Petals long, linear, circinate; inflorescences shortly spicate. 14a. Anthers with 2 pollen sacs, dehiscing with 2 valves; flowers 4-merous; leaf margin serrate ...... 13. Hamamelis 14b. Anthers with 4 pollen sacs, dehiscing with 4 valves; flowers usually 4–5(–6)-merous; leaf margin entire to sparsely serrulate ...... 14. Loropetalum 13b. Petals obovate or reduced and scalelike, 5-merous; inflorescences racemose or spicate, elongated. 15a. Stigma large, conspicuously expanded; styles long ...... 15. Eustigma 15b. Stigma not expanded; styles mostly short. 16a. Flowers bisexual; petals well-developed, spatulate, staminodes often also present, floral cup 1/2 as long as capsule; capsules subsessile ...... 16. Corylopsis 16b. Flowers mostly unisexual (bisexual flowers may also occur); petals scalelike or very reduced to absent, staminodes absent in male flowers; floral cup obconical with ovary exserted or urceolate and enclosing ovary. 17a. Flowers pedicellate; petals scalelike, ovary semi-inferior; floral cup obconical, ovary exserted; fruit usually conspicuously lenticellate ...... 17. Fortunearia 17b. Flowers sessile; petals lacking or present as tiny rudiments; ovary nearly superior; floral cup urceolate, distinctly narrowed at mouth and concealing ovary; fruit not lenticellate ...... 18. Sinowilsonia

1. DISANTHUS Maximowicz, Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg 10: 485. 1866. 双花木属 shuang hua mu shu Shrubs, deciduous, most parts glabrous; buds perulate, apex acute. Leaves long petiolate; stipules large, linear, caducous; leaf blade broadly ovate to obovate, thinly leathery or membranous, margin entire, palmately 5–7-veined. Inflorescence with 2 opposite flowers, axillary on short lateral branches; peduncle very short; involucral bracts several, glabrous except for margins; floral bracts hairy. Flowers bisexual, sessile, hypogynous. Floral cup short and broad, hairy. Sepals 5, broader than long, recurved at anthesis. Petals 5, red, linear-lanceolate, circinate in bud. Stamens 5; filaments short; anthers extrorse, thecae 2-sporangiate, each dehiscing by curved longitudinal slit. Ovary superior; ovules 5 or 6 per locule; styles short, stigmas minute. Capsules woody, dehiscing loculicidally by 2 valves; endocarp bony, separated from exocarp. Seeds ellipsoid, unequal. 2n = 16.

One species: China, Japan. 1. Disanthus cercidifolius Maximowicz subsp. longipes (H. T. duncle (3–)9–22.5 mm, up to 25 mm in fruit; floral cup ca. 1 Chang) K. Y. Pan, Cathaya 3: 24. 1991. mm, abaxially brown hairy; sepals ovate, 1–1.5 mm. Petals red, linear from wider base, ca. 7 mm, each with 2 basal nectaries. 长柄双花木 chang bing shuan hua mu Stamens much shorter than petals; anthers ovoid. Ovary Disanthus cercidifolius var. longipes H. T. Chang, Sunyat- glabrous; styles 1–1.5 mm. Capsules obovoid, 1.2–1.4 × 1–1.3 senia 7: 70. 1948. cm, apex subtruncate. Seeds black, shiny, irregularly ellipsoid, Shrub, to 3 m. Branchlets brown, glabrous, lenticellate. 4–7 × 3–4 mm. Fl. Oct–Nov, fr. Sep–Oct of following year. Petiole 3–5 cm; leaf blade broadly ovate-rounded, 5–10 × 5–9 ● Mixed evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved forests; 450–1200 cm, membranous, drying gray-white abaxially and green adax- m. Hunan, Jiangxi, Zhejiang. ially, glabrous, base slightly to deeply cordate, rarely truncate, This taxon is listed as endangered by the IUCN. Disanthus margin entire, apex emarginate, rarely obtuse, acuminate. Pe- cercidifolius subsp. cercidifolius is endemic to Japan. 2. ALTINGIA Noronha, Verh. Batav. Genootsch. Kunsten 5, art. 2: 1. 1790. 蕈树属 tan shu shu Trees, evergreen; terminal buds perulate, narrowly ovoid. Leaves petiolate; stipules usually present, minute, caducous or connate with petiole, leaving small scars; leaf blade lanceolate to ovate or obovate, leathery, discolorous, margin usually crenate-serrate, occasionally entire, venation pinnate. Plants monoecious. Male inflorescence a globose to shortly cylindrical, pedunculate, many- flowered, head, grouped in terminal or subterminal, compound racemes or panicles; each flower with 1–4 basal bracts. Female inflorescences capitate, subterminal or in lower part of male inflorescence, long-pedunculate, 5–30-flowered. Flowers unisexual. Sepals and petals absent. Male flowers: stamens (4 to) many; filaments very short or absent; anthers obovate-ovoid, thecae 2-sporangiate, HAMAMELIDACEAE

each dehiscing by a longitudinal slit or rudimentary valve, apex truncate. Female flowers: staminodes (also interpreted as carpellodes) absent or needlelike; ovary semi-inferior; ovules ca. 30–50 per locule, axile; styles subulate, divergent, often strongly recurved; stigmas papillose, caducous or basal parts persistent in fruit. Infructescences globose, base truncate. Capsules woody, dehiscing loculicidally by two 2-lobed valves; staminode teeth and styles not persistent. Seeds many, upper ones sterile, wingless; one or a few lower ones fertile, flattened, narrowly winged along margin or only at apex; seed coat thick and hard; endosperm thin. 2n = 32. About 11 species: Bhutan, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, N Thailand, Vietnam; eight species (five endemic) in China. The resin is used in medicine and perfumes, the timber for making furniture, and the trunks and branches for cultivating mushrooms. 1a. Inflorescences 5–8-flowered; infructescence obconical with cuneate base. 2a. Leaf blade ovate-lanceolate, 2–2.5 cm wide, leathery, base rounded, margin usually entire, less often serrate ...... 1. A. gracilipes 2b. Leaf blade ovate, 3–5 cm wide, thinly leathery, base slightly cordate, margin serrate ...... 2. A. tenuifolia 1b. Inflorescences 10–28-flowered; infructescence subglobose. 3a. Leaf blade ovate, base rounded or slightly cordate. 4a. Leaf blade membranous, lateral veins 6–8 on each side ...... 3. A. excelsa 4b. Leaf blade leathery, lateral veins more than 10 on each side ...... 4. A. multinervis 3b. Leaf blade oblong, elliptic-oblong, ovate-lanceolate, lanceolate or obovate, base cuneate. 5a. Leaf blade oblong, elliptic-oblong, ovate-lanceolate or lanceolate; petiole 1.5–2 cm. 6a. Leaf blade usually oblong, elliptic-oblong, 6–15 × 3.5–6.5 cm, margin distinctly serrate ...... 5. A. yunnanensis 6b. Leaf blade usually ovate-lanceolate or lanceolate, 6–8(–12) × 2.5–4 cm, margin undulate and indistinctly serrate ...... 6. A. siamensis 5b. Leaf blade obovate; petiole 0.4–1 cm. 7a. Leaf blade apex acute to acuminate ...... 7. A. chinensis 7b. Leaf blade apex rounded or obtuse ...... 8. A. obovata 1. Altingia gracilipes Hemsley, Hooker’s Icon. Pl. 29: t. 2837. margin crenate-serrate, apex acuminate and to 1 cm; lateral 1907. veins 5 or 6 on each side, somewhat prominent on both surfaces. Peduncle ca. 1 cm in fruit. Flowers not seen. Infruc- 细柄蕈树 xi bing tan shu tescence solitary, obconical, ca. 1.5 cm wide, base cuneate. Altingia gracilipes var. serrulata Tutcher; A. gracilipes f. Capsules 5 or 6, borne on upper part of head; staminode teeth uniflora H. T. Chang. scalelike. Seeds brown. Fl. Apr–Jun, fr. Jul–Oct. Trees 12–20 m tall; young branches glabrescent, older ● Forests; ca. 1000 m. Guizhou, S Jiangxi. growth lenticellate; buds ovoid, puberulent. Stipules absent; 3. Altingia excelsa Noronha, Verh. Batav. Genootsch. Kunsten petiole slender, 1–3 cm, glabrous; leaf blade ovate-lanceolate, 5, art. 2: 9. 1790. 4–7 × 1.5–2.5 cm, leathery, abaxially glabrous, base obtuse or narrowly rounded, margin usually entire, less often serrate, 细青皮 xi qing pi apex caudate-acuminate; lateral veins 5 or 6 on each side, abaxially somewhat prominent and glabrous, adaxially indis- Liquidambar altingiana Blume. tinct. Male inflorescences globose, 0.5–0.6 cm in diam., usually Trees ca. 20 m tall (to 50 m in Indonesia and Malaysia); several arranged in a panicle; bracts 4 or 5, ovate-lanceolate, ca. young branches glabrous or sparsely pubescent, older growth 8 mm, membranous, brown-pubescent. Female inflorescences lenticellate. Stipules 2–6 mm; petiole slender, 2–4 cm, sparsely solitary or arranged in raceme, 5–6-flowered; peduncle 2–3 cm, pubescent; leaf blade ovate or narrowly ovate, 8–14 × 4–7 cm, pubescent. Male flowers: stamens sessile; anthers red, obovoid, abaxially glabrescent, base rounded or subcordate, margin cre- ca. 1.5 mm. Female flowers: staminodes scalelike; styles ca. 2.5 nate-serrate, apex acuminate; lateral veins 6–8 on each side. mm, apex recurved. Infructescences obconical, 1.5–2 cm wide, Male inflorescences globose, many, arranged in raceme. Fe- base cuneate. Seeds brown, angular. Fl. Apr–Jun, fr. Jul–Sep. male inflorescence usually solitary in leaf axils, 14–22-flower- ● Evergreen forests; 400–1000 m. Fujian, E Guangdong, Hainan, ed; peduncle 2–4 cm, pubescent. Male flowers: stamen fila- S Zhejiang. ments ca. 1 mm, glabrous; anthers somewhat longer than fil- The bark resin is used in medicine and perfumery. aments. Female flowers: staminode teeth absent; styles 3–4 2. Altingia tenuifolia Chun ex H. T. Chang, Acta Sci. Nat. mm, pubescent. Infructescences subglobose, 1.5–2 cm wide. Univ. Sunyatsen. 1973(2): 34. 1973. Capsules without staminode teeth. Seeds many, brown. Fl. Mar–May, fr. Jun–Aug. 薄叶蕈树 bo ye tan shu Forests, a dominant species in tropical montane evergreen broad- Trees 6–10 m tall; young branches glabrescent, sparsely leaved forests; ca. 1000 m. SE Xizang (Mêdog Xian), SE Yunnan [Bhu- lenticellate; buds ovoid, shiny. Stipules caducous; petiole slen- tan, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar]. der, 1.5–2 cm, glabrous; leaf blade ovate, 6.5–8 × 3.5–5 cm, 4. Altingia multinervis Cheng, Notes Forest. Inst. Nat. Centr. thinly leathery, abaxially glabrous, base subcordate or rounded, HAMAMELIDACEAE

Univ. Nanking, Dendrol. Ser., 20. 1947. brown-pubescent. Infructescences compressed-globose, 1.5–2 cm wide. Capsules 15–17. Fl. Apr–Jun, fr. Nov–Dec. 赤水蕈树 chi shui tan shu Humid forests; 1000–1200 m. E Guangdong (Han Jiang valley), S Trees ca. 10 m tall; young branches glabrescent, lenticel- Yunnan (Jiangcheng Xian) [Cambodia, Laos, N Thailand, Vietnam]. late; buds ovoid, ca. 1 cm, pubescent. Petiole 2–3 cm; leaf blade ovate or ovate-elliptic, 7–10 × 4–6 cm, leathery, abaxially gla- 7. Altingia chinensis (Champion) Oliver ex Hance, J. Linn. brous, base rounded or obtuse, rarely subcordate, margin cre- Soc., Bot. 13: 103. 1873. nate-serrate, apex acuminate; lateral veins 10–14 on each side, 蕈树 tan shu prominent on both surfaces. Peduncle 2–3.5 cm in fruit. Flow- ers not seen. Infructescences globose, ca. 2 cm wide. Capsules Liquidambar chinensis Champion, Hooker’s J. Bot. Kew 10–18. Fl. Mar–May, fr. Jun–Aug. Gard. Misc. 4: 164. 1852.

● Forests; ca. 1000 m. N Guizhou (Chishui Xian). Trees ca. 20 m tall, trunk to ca. 60 cm in diam.; bark gray, subscabrous; young branches glabrous; buds ovoid, pubescent. 5. Altingia yunnanensis Rehder & E. H. Wilson in Sargent, Pl. Stipules caducous; petiole ca. 1 cm, glabrous; leaf blade obo- Wilson. 1: 422. 1913. vate-oblong, 7–13 × 3–4.5 cm, leathery, abaxially glabrous, 云南蕈树 yun nan tan shu base cuneate, margin crenate-serrate, apex acute; lateral veins ca. 7 on each side, prominent on both surfaces. Male inflores- Trees (3–)15–30 m tall; young branches slightly pubes- cences cylindrical, ca. 1 cm, usually many arranged in panicle; cent, glabrescent, older growth lenticellate. Stipules linear, 2–5 peduncle pubescent. Female inflorescence solitary or many in mm, caducous; petiole 1–2 cm, glabrous; leaf blade usually ob- panicles, 15–26-flowered; peduncle 2–4 cm; bracts 4 or 5, ovate long, 6–15 × 3–7 cm, leathery, abaxially glabrous, base or lanceolate, 1–1.5 cm. Male flowers: stamens subsessile; an- cuneate, sometimes subrounded, margin serrate, apex acute; thers obovoid. Female flowers: staminode teeth pointed; styles lateral veins 6–9 on each side, prominent on both surfaces. 3–4 mm, pubescent, apex recurved. Infructescences subglobose, Male inflorescences ellipsoid, ca. 1 cm, several arranged in pan- 1.7–2.8 cm wide, base truncate. Seeds brown, shiny. Fl. Mar– icle; bracts 4, ovate, ca. 15 mm. Female inflorescences usually Jun, fr. Jul–Sep. in racemes, 16–24-flowered. Peduncle 3–4 cm in fruit, pubescent. Male flowers: stamens sessile. Female flowers: staminode Forests; 600–1000 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, teeth scalelike; styles 3–4 mm, brown-pubescent. Infructes- Hainan, Hunan, Jiangxi, SE Yunnan, Zhejiang [Vietnam]. cences subglobose, 1.5–2.5 cm wide. Seeds angular. Fl. Mar– The trunks and branches are used for cultivating mushrooms, the May, fr. May–Jul. essential oils of the wood are used in medicines and perfumes, and the wood itself is used for making furniture. ● Forests; ca. 1000 m. SE Yunnan. 8. Altingia obovata Merrill & Chun, Sunyatsenia 2: 238. 1935. 6. Altingia siamensis Craib, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1928: 68. 1928. 海南蕈树 hai nan tan shu 镰尖蕈树 lian jian tan shu Trees ca. 30 m tall, trunk to ca. 100 cm in diam.; bark Altingia angustifolia H. T. Chang; A. takhtajanensis Thai scabrous; young branches sparsely pubescent; buds ovoid, ca. 1 Van Trung & Lie Viet Lok. cm, sparsely pubescent. Stipules caducous; petiole 0.4–1 cm; leaf blade obovate or narrowly so, 5–11 × 2–4.5 cm, abaxially Trees 7–30 m tall, trunk 20–100 cm in diam.; young glabrous, base narrowly cuneate, margin crenate-serrulate, apex branches glabrescent, older growth sparsely lenticellate; buds rounded or obtuse; lateral veins 7–9 on each side, prominent on ovoid, 3–5 mm, glabrous, inner bud scales brown pubescent. both surfaces. Male inflorescences ellipsoid, usually many ar- Stipules 3–4 mm; petiole 1–2 cm, glabrous; leaf blade usually ranged in raceme; bracts ovate, brown-pubescent. Female inflo- ovate-lanceolate or lanceolate, 6–8(–12) × 2.5–4 cm, base rescence usually solitary in leaf axil, 16–28-flowered; peduncle subrounded or narrowly so, margin undulate and indistinctly ca. 3 cm. Male flowers: stamen filaments very short; anthers serrate, apex caudate-acuminate, sicklelike, and to 1.5 cm; red, obovoid, ca. 1.5 mm. Female flowers: staminodes usually lateral veins 6–8 on each side, prominent abaxially. Male inflo- scalelike; styles ca. 3 mm, pubescent, apex recurved. Infructes- rescences ovoid or globose, usually several arranged in raceme. cences subglobose, ca. 2 cm wide, base truncate. Seeds brown, Female inflorescence solitary in leaf axil. Peduncle 1–2 cm, 2–4 irregularly angular. Fl. Mar–Jun, fr. Jul–Sep. cm in fruit, brown-pubescent when young; bracts 4, ovate, ● Montane evergreen forests; 800–1400 m. Hainan. 3. LIQUIDAMBAR Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 999. 1753. 枫香树属 feng xiang shu shu Trees, deciduous. Leaves alternate, long-petiolate; stipules linear, ± adnate to base of petioles, caducous, leaving small scars; leaf blade palmately 3–7(or more)-lobed, rarely entire, margin serrate, venation actinodromous. Plants monoecious. Inflorescence usually a globose head (a condensed panicle). Male inflorescence a head or spike, several to many together in racemes. Female inflorescence capitate, with 1 bract. Flowers unisexual. Sepals and petals absent. Male flowers: stamens many; filaments as long as HAMAMELIDACEAE

anthers; anthers ovoid, thecae 2-sporangiate, each dehiscing by a longitudinal slit or rudimentary valve, apex rounded or emarginate. Female flowers: staminodes (also interpreted as carpellodes) forming rudimentary scales or teeth around gynoecium, persistent in fruit; ovary semi-inferior; ovules many, inserted on septum, only lowest ones fertile; stigmas decurrent, persistent in fruit. Infructes- cences globose. Capsules woody, dehiscing loculicidally by 2 valves; pericarp thin; styles persistent. Seeds many, most of them sterile, minute, irregularly angular; fertile seeds large, ellipsoid, slightly compressed, membranous-winged; seed coat reticulately sculptured; endosperm thin, embryo straight. 2n = 30, 32

Five species: E and SW Asia, Central and North America; two species (one endemic) in China.

Liquidambar edentata Merrill (J. Arnold Arbor. 8: 6. 1927) and L. rosthornii Diels (Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 29: 380. 1900) were described from China (the former from Fujian), but the present authors have no specimens. The resin, stems, leaves, and fruit are used medicinally. 1a. Pistillate flowers and capsules with calyx teeth clearly defined, acute; infructescences with 24–43 capsules; petiole 8–12 cm ...... 1. L. formosana 1b. Pistillate flowers and capsules with calyx teeth very short and scalelike or absent; infructescences with 15–26 capsules; petiole 4–8 cm ...... 2. L. acalycina 1. Liquidambar formosana Hance, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., sér. 5, Fujian, Guangdong, Guizhou, Hainan, Hubei, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Sichuan, 5: 215. 1886. Taiwan, Zhejiang [S Korea, Laos, N Vietnam]. 枫香树 feng xiang shu 2. Liquidambar acalycina H. T. Chang, Acta Sci. Nat. Univ. Sunyatsen. 1959(2): 33. 1959. Liquidambar acerifolia Maximowicz; L. formosana var. monticola Rehder & E. H. Wilson; L. maximowiczii Miquel; L. 缺萼枫香树 que e feng xiang shu tonkinensis A. Chevalier. Trees ca. 25 m tall; bark black-brown; branchlets glabrous, Trees to 30 m tall, trunk sometimes 1 m in diam.; bark lenticellate. Stipules 3–10 mm, brown-tomentose; petiole 4–8 gray-brown; branchlets pubescent or glabrous, somewhat len- cm; leaf blade broadly ovate, 8–13 × 8–15 cm, both surfaces ticellate; buds ovoid, 1 cm, puberulent. Stipules red, nearly free glabrous or pubescent in young leaves, palmately 3–5-veined, or adnate to petiole, 1–1.4 cm; petiole 8–12 cm, pubescent; leaf veins prominent abaxially, lateral lobes triangular-ovate. Male blade broadly ovate, palmately 3-lobed and 3-veined, central inflorescence globose, several, arranged in racemes, 2–2.5 cm lobe longer, abaxially usually drying gray-white, pubescent or wide, drying black-brown in fruit; peduncle 2–3 cm. Female glabrous, base rounded, margin glandular serrate, apex caudate- inflorescence solitary in leaf axils of short shoots, 15–26-flow- acuminate, cordate, subcordate or truncate, veins prominent on ered; peduncle 3–6 cm, sparsely pubescent. Male flowers: fila- both surfaces. Male inflorescence a short spike, several arrang- ments 1–1.5 mm; anthers ovoid. Female flowers: staminode ed in a raceme. Female inflorescence 24–43-flowered; peduncle teeth absent or scalelike and sometimes very short; styles 5–7 3–6 cm, occasionally lenticellate, eglandular. Male flowers: sta- mm, brown-pubescent. Capsules without persistent staminode mens many, filaments unequal, anthers slightly shorter than teeth, persistent styles recurved. Fertile seeds winged, sterile filaments. Female flowers: staminode teeth 4–7, needlelike, 4–8 seeds many, brown, irregularly angular. Fl. Mar–Jun, fr. Jul– mm; ovary pubescent, styles 6–10 mm, usually coiled back- Sep. wards. Infructescence globose, 3–4 cm wide. Capsules with persistent staminodes. Seeds many, brown. Fl. Mar–Jun, fr. Jul– ● Montane evergreen forests; 600–1000 m. Anhui, Guangdong, Sep. Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Sichuan. Sunny places, near villages, montane forests; 500–800 m. Anhui, The wood is used for making furniture.

4. SEMILIQUIDAMBAR H. T. Chang, Acta Sci. Nat. Univ. Sunyatsen. 1962(1): 35. 1962.

半枫荷属 ban feng he shu Trees deciduous or evergreen, up to 30 m tall. Leaves aggregated at shoot apex, petiolate; stipules linear, caducous, leaving small scars; leaf blade usually ovate or elliptic, usually at least some 3-lobed, leathery, margin glandular serrate, 3-veined. Plants monoecious. Male inflorescence a compound spike, terminal. Female inflorescences capitate, solitary in leaf axils, long pedunculate. Flowers unisexual. Sepals and petals absent. Male flowers: stamens many; filaments very short, anther thecae 2-sporangiate, de- hiscence pattern uncertain. Female flowers: floral cup adnate to ovary; staminodes (also interpreted as carpellodes) linear, short, persistent, or absent. Ovary semi-inferior; ovules many, axile; styles oblique, usually coiled backwards; stigmas papillose. Infruc- tescences semiglobose with truncate base. Capsules woody, dehiscing by two 2-lobed valves, styles and floral cups persistent. Seeds many, minute, angular, most of them sterile. ● Three species. 1a. Leaves monomorphic, undivided, ovate, apex caudate-acuminate ...... 3. S. caudata 1b. Leaves dimorphic, leaf blade undivided or divided, apex acute or acuminate. HAMAMELIDACEAE

2a. Leaves firmly leathery, petiole stout; staminode teeth more than 2 mm in fruit ...... 1. S. cathayensis 2b. Leaves thin leathery, petiole slender; staminode teeth less than 2 mm in fruit ...... 2. S. chingii 1. Semiliquidambar cathayensis H. T. Chang, Acta Sci. Nat. pubescent. Leaves dimorphic; stipules linear, caducous; petiole Univ. Sunyatsen. 1962(1): 37. 1962. slender, 2–4.5 cm; entire leaves: blade elliptic or oblong, 6–10 × 3–5 cm, thinly leathery, discolorous, abaxially glabrous or 半枫荷 ban feng he pubescent, base cuneate or slightly rounded, apex acute, pal- Altingia chingii Metcalfe var. parvifolia Chun; Semi- mately 3-veined, lateral veins 3–7 on each side; veins promi- liquidambar cathayensis var. fukienensis H. T. Chang; S. nent; lobed leaves: blade broadly ovate, 7–10 × 5–8 cm, central cathayensis var. parvifolia (Chun) H. T. Chang; S. coriacea H. lobe ovate, 4–5 cm, lateral lobes 1.5–2 cm, margin glandular T. Chang. serrate. Male inflorescence not seen. Fruiting peduncle slender, 3–8 cm. Female flowers: staminode teeth persistent, 1–2 mm. Trees 15–20 m tall, trunk ca. 60 cm in diam.; bark gray; Infructescence globose, 1.5–2 cm wide (not including styles). branches dark brown, glabrous, older growth gray, lenticellate; Capsules with persistent styles 4–6 mm, apex recurved. Fl. buds narrowly ovoid, sparsely pubescent. Leaves dimorphic; Mar–Jun, fr. Jul–Sep. petiole stout, 1.7–4 cm, glabrous; entire leaves: blade elliptic, ovate-elliptic, oblong, ovate-oblong, 5–13 × 3–6 cm, leathery, ● Forests; ca. 1000 m. Fujian, Guangdong, SE Guizhou (Libo discolorous, abaxially glabrous, base cuneate, broadly cuneate Xian), S Jiangxi. or slightly rounded, somewhat asymmetrical, margin serrulate, This species is listed as endangered by the IUCN. apex acute or acuminate; lobed leaves: blade palmately 3-lobed, central lobe 3–5 cm, lateral lobes ascending, ovate-triangular, 3. Semiliquidambar caudata H. T. Chang, Acta Sci. Nat. 2–2.5 cm, margin glandular serrate, base rounded or truncate, Univ. Sunyatsen. 1962(1): 37. 1962. lateral veins 4 or 8 on each side. Male inflorescences ca. 6 cm. 长尾半枫荷 chang wei ban feng he Female inflorescence solitary; peduncle ca. 4.5 cm, glabrous. Male flowers: anthers ca. 1.2 mm, apex emarginate. Female Semiliquidambar caudata var. cuspidata (H. T. Chang) H. flowers: staminode teeth needlelike, 2–5 mm, pubescent; styles T. Chang; S. cuspidata H. T. Chang. 6–8 mm, pubescent. Infructescence globose, ca. 2.5 cm wide. Trees evergreen or semievergreen, ca. 10 m tall; young Capsules 22–28, with upper halves exserted from infructes- branches pubescent with gray-brown hairs, glabrescent, older cence, apex mucronate; persistent staminode teeth 2–4 mm; growth lenticellate; buds drying red-brown, shiny, subglabrous. persistent styles 3–6 mm. Fl. Mar–Jun, fr. Jul–Sep. Petiole slender, 1.5–4.5 cm; leaf blade ovate, ovate-elliptic, or ● Forests; ca. 1000 m. Fujian, Guangdong, N Guangxi, S Gui- oblong-ovate, 4–10 × 2–4.5 cm, leathery, base rounded or zhou, Hainan, S Jiangxi. broadly cuneate, somewhat asymmetrical, margin sparsely or densely serrate, apex caudate-acuminate, prominently 3-veined The roots are used for the treatment of rheumatism. from base. Male inflorescence not seen. Female inflorescence 2. Semiliquidambar chingii (Metcalfe) H. T. Chang, Acta Sci. solitary in leaf axils, opening together with leaves, 18–24- Nat. Univ. Sunyatsen. 1962(1): 37. 1962. flowered; fruiting peduncle 2.5–3.5 cm, pubescent. Female flowers: staminode teeth persistent, 1–2 mm; styles 3–4 mm. 细柄半枫荷 xi bing ban feng he Infructescence subglobose or compressed-globose, ca. 1.5 × 2– Altingia chingii Metcalfe, Lingnan Sci. J. 10: 413. 1931; 2.5 cm (not including styles). Capsules somewhat exserted from Semiliquidambar chingii var. longipes Y. K. Li & X. M. Wang. infructescence; persistent staminodes spinelike, less than 1 mm. Seeds brown, angular. Fl. Mar–Jun, fr. Jun–Sep. Trees ca. 25 m tall; young branches drying black-brown, glabrescent, lenticellate; buds drying red-brown, shiny, slightly ● Forests; 600–1000 m. C. Fujian, S Zhejiang. 5. EXBUCKLANDIA R. W. Brown, J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 36: 348. 1946. 马蹄荷属 ma ti he shu Bucklandia R. Brown ex Griffith, Asiat. Res. 19(1): 94. 1836, not Presl (1825), nor Brongniart (1828); Symingtonia Steenis. Trees, evergreen; branchlets stout, with distinct nodes. Leaves alternate, long petiolate; stipules large, leathery, coherent, caducous, leaving annular scar at each node; leaf blade simple or, in saplings and young shoots, palmately 3–5-lobed, thickly leathery, margin entire, venation palmate. Inflorescence capitate, sometimes in compound racemes, usually axillary, pedunculate, 7–16-flowered. Flowers bisexual, initially enclosed by a pair of stipules. Floral cup adnate to ovary base. Petals absent or 2–5, white, linear, straight in bud. Stamens 10–15; filaments varying in length, subulate; anthers oblong or ovoid, thecae 1-sporangiate, each dehiscing by 1 valve, connective apiculate. Ovary semi-inferior; ovules 5 or 6 per locule; styles somewhat elongated; stigmas decurrent, caducous in fruit. Infructescences globose or subglobose. Capsules dehiscing loculicidally by 4 valves; exocarp usually smooth, sometimes tuberculate. Seeds 5–7 in each locule, upper 4 or 5 sterile and wingless, lower 1 or 2 fertile and narrowly winged, embryo scant, fleshy; cotyledon compressed. 2n = 32. About four species: Bhutan, China, India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Sikkim, Thailand, Vietnam; three species (one endemic) in China. HAMAMELIDACEAE

Some authors have questioned the validity of Exbucklandia because Brown did not give the place of publication of the replaced synonym, Bucklandia. However, the rule requiring citation of this information (St. Louis Code, Art. 33.3) applies only to names published on or after 1 January 1953. 1a. Petals present, 10–12 mm, longer than stamens; leaf base truncate ...... 1. E. longipetala 1b. Petals absent or, if present, 2–3 mm, shorter than stamens; leaf base cordate or broadly cuneate. 2a. Leaf base usually cordate or occasionally broadly cuneate; capsules 7–9 × 4–5 mm, smooth ...... 2. E. populnea 2b. Leaf base usually broadly cuneate; capsules 10–15 × 6–8 mm, tuberculate ...... 3. E. tonkinensis 1. Exbucklandia longipetala H. T. Chang, Acta Sci. Nat. slender, glabrous. Ovary yellow-brown pubescent; styles 3–4 Univ. Sunyatsen. 1959(2): 33. 1959. mm, erect. Capsules ellipsoid, 7–9 × 5–6 mm, smooth, dehiscing above middle. Seeds narrowly winged. Fl. May–Jul, fr. 长瓣马蹄荷 chang ban ma ti he Aug–Oct. Branchlets glabrous, drying dark brown; buds compressed, Slopes in evergreen forests; ca. 1200 m. Guangxi, Guizhou, Xi- oblong-elliptic, 2–2.5 × ca. 1 cm, puberulent. Stipules 2–2.5 × zang, Yunnan [Bhutan, India, Indonesia, W Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, ca. 1 cm, glabrous; petiole 3–5 cm; leaf blade broadly ovate, Sikkim, Thailand, Vietnam]. sometimes 3-cuspidate, 8–12 × 6–10 cm, drying discolorous, both surfaces glabrous, base truncate, margin entire, apex acute, 3. Exbucklandia tonkinensis (Lecomte) H. T. Chang, Acta palmately 3–5-veined, reticulate veins conspicuous. Inflores- Sci. Nat. Univ. Sunyatsen. 1959(2): 3. 1959. cences capitate, 7–8-flowered; peduncle 1–1.5 cm, brown to- 大果马蹄荷 da guo ma ti he mentose. Petals white, 10–12 × 1–1.5 mm, apex 2-lobed. Stamens 10–11, 5–6 mm; anthers ovoid, connective apiculate. Bucklandia tonkinensis Lecomte, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Ovary puberulent; styles ca. 2 mm. Capsules 7–8 mm, smooth. (Paris) 30: 392. 1924; Symingtonia tonkinensis (Lecomte) Fl. May–Jun, fr. Aug–Oct. Steenis.

● Montane evergreen forests; ca. 1500 m. N Guangxi, S Guizhou. Trees to 30 m tall; young branches brown pubescent, glabrescent. Stipules narrowly oblong, 2–4 × 0.8–1.3 cm, pu- This species is listed as vulnerable by the IUCN. berulent; petiole 3–5 cm, glabrescent; leaf blade broadly ovate 2. Exbucklandia populnea (R. Brown ex Griffith) R. W. or sometimes palmately 3-lobed in young leaves, 8–13 × 5–9 Brown, J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 36: 348. 1946. cm, dark green, abaxially glabrous and tuberculate, adaxially shiny, base broadly cuneate, margin entire or palmately 3-lobed 马蹄荷 ma ti he in young leaves, apex acuminate, palmately 3–5-veined. Inflo- Bucklandia populnea R. Brown ex Griffith, Asiat. Res. rescences capitate, sometimes arranged in racemes; heads 7–9- 19(1): 95. 1836; Aeschynanthus esquirolii H. Léveillé; B. flowered; peduncle 1–1.5 cm, brown tomentose. Petals absent. populifolia J. D. Hooker & Thomson; Symingtonia populnea Stamens ca. 13, ca. 8 mm. Ovary yellow-brown pubescent; (R. Brown ex Griffith) Steenis. styles 4–5 mm. Capsules ovoid, 10–15 × 8–10 mm, tuberculate. Seeds 6, winged at lower part, 8–10 mm. Fl. May–Jul, fr. Aug– Trees 16–20(–30) m tall; branchlets pubescent. Stipules Sep. elliptic or obovate, 2–3 × 1–2 cm; petiole 3–6 cm, longer in young leaves, glabrous; leaf blade broadly ovate-rounded or Slopes and valleys in evergreen forests; 800–1500 m. Fujian, sometimes palmately 3-lobed in young leaves, 10–17 × 9–13 Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, S Hunan, Jiangxi, SE Yunnan [Laos, N cm, abaxially glabrous, adaxially drying dark green, shiny, base Vietnam]. broadly cuneate, margin entire, palmately 5–7-veined. Inflores- This combination was first published by Steenis (Blumea 7: 595. cences capitate, sometimes arranged in racemes; heads 8–12- 1954), but not validly, because the place of publication of the basionym, flowered; peduncle 1–2 cm, pubescent. Petals usually absent as required by the ICBN since 1953 (St. Louis Code, Art. 33.3), was not (2–3 mm in Indian plants). Stamens ca. 5 mm, filaments cited.

6. RHODOLEIA Champion ex Hooker, Bot. Mag. 76: t. 4509. 1850. 红花荷属 hong hua he shu Trees or shrubs, evergreen. Leaves alternate, petiolate; stipules apparently absent; leaf blade ovate or lanceolate, leathery, margin entire, venation pinnate, sometimes with 3 basal veins, abaxially usually glaucous. Inflorescence capitate, axillary, pedunculate, usually nodding, 5–8-flowered; involucral bracts 5–many, imbricate, ovate-rounded, outer bracts usually much smaller than inner bracts. Flowers bisexual, zygomorphic. Floral cup very short, enclosing base of ovary. Sepals absent or rudimentary, number not dis- tinguishable. Petals 2–5, well developed only on abaxial side of flower, red, spatulate or oblanceolate, clawed, straight in bud, head as whole rayed and flowerlike. Stamens 4–11, equal to or somewhat shorter than petals; filaments linear; anther thecae 2-sporangiate, each dehiscing by 2 valves; nectariferous disk scales present. Ovary semi-inferior; ovules 12–18 per locule, inserted on septum; styles long, very slender, nearly equal to stamens, apex acute, caducous or persistent in fruit. Capsules dehiscing loculicidally above middle by 4 valves; pericarp thin. Seeds flattened, mostly sterile and wingless, fertile seeds laterally narrowly winged; endosperm rather copious; cotyledons ovate, flat, fleshy; radicle cylindric, ca. 1/3 as long as cotyledons. 2n = 24. HAMAMELIDACEAE

About ten species: China, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Vietnam; six species (three endemic) in China. Vink (Flora Malesiana, ser. 1, 5: 371–374. 1957) regarded Rhodoleia as monospecific. 1a. Petals linear-oblanceolate, 1.5–3 mm wide; leaf blade base rounded ...... 6. R. stenopetala 1b. Petals spatulate or oblanceolate, 5–8 mm wide; leaf blade base cuneate. 2a. Leaf blade abaxially brown tomentose, reticulate venation adaxially very distinctly impressed ...... 5. R. forrestii 2b. Leaf blade abaxially glabrous or with stellate scales, reticulate venation adaxially indistinct. 3a. Leaf blade abaxially stellately scaly; capsules long ovoid, 1.2–2 × 0.6–1 cm ...... 4. R. macrocarpa 3b. Leaf blade abaxially glabrous or very sparsely stellately scaly; capsules subglobose, ca. 1 × 1 cm. 4a. Peduncles 2–3 cm long, with several scalelike bracts; petals 6–8 mm wide ...... 1. R. championii 4b. Peduncles 1–1.5 cm long, with few or no bracts; petals 5–6 mm wide. 5a. Leaf blade oblong, lateral nerves indistinct, at ca. 45° to midrib; involucral bracts abaxially mostly whitish stellately pubescent, brown-pilose only at or near margin ...... 2. R. parvipetala 5b. Leaf blade ovate-elliptic, lateral nerves abaxially prominent, pale, at ca. 30° to midrib; involucral bracts abaxially ferruginous-tomentose ...... 3. R. henryi 1. Rhodoleia championii Hooker, Bot. Mag. 76: t. 4509. 1850. Slopes in evergreen forests; ca. 1000 m. W Guangxi, SE Guizhou, SE Yunnan [N Vietnam]. 红花荷 hong hua he 3. Rhodoleia henryi Tong, Bull. Dept. Biol. Sun Yatsen Univ. Rhodoleia latiovatifolia G. A. Fu. 2: 35. 1930. Trees, to 12 m tall; young branches stout, drying dark 小脉红花荷 xiao mai hong hua he brown, glabrous. Petiole 3–5.5 cm; leaf blade ovate to broadly ovate, 7–16 × 4.5–10.5 cm, firmly leathery, drying discolorous, Trees, to 15 m tall. Petiole ca. 5 cm; leaf blade ovate-ellip- abaxially whitish gray, usually glabrous or sometimes with tic, ca. 11 × 3–6 cm, abaxially drying yellow-green, glabrous, remains of brown stellate scales or stellate indumentum that adaxially drying dark green, base broadly cuneate, apex appears tuberculate on drying, base broadly cuneate, apex acuminate; lateral veins ca. 6 on each side at ca. 30° to midrib, obtuse or subacute; obscurely 3-veined at base, lateral veins 7–9 abaxially raised, adaxially sunken. Inflorescences 3–3.5 cm, 5- on each side at ca. 60° to midrib, conspicuous on both surfaces, flowered; peduncle 1–1.5 cm; involucral bracts many, rusty reticulate veins obscure. Inflorescences 3–4 cm, 2.5–3.5 cm tomentose; bracteoles absent. Petals dark red, spatulate, ca. 30 × wide in fruit; peduncle 2–3.8 cm, with several scalelike bracts; 6 mm. Stamens 7–9, as long as petals. Ovary glabrous; styles involucral bracts many, ovate-rounded, brown pubescent; 1.8–2 cm. Capsules not seen. Fl. Mar–May. bracteoles 5 or 6, scalelike. Petals spatulate, 25–35(–40) × 4–8 ● Slopes in evergreen forests; 2000–2450 m. SE Yunnan. mm. Stamens as long as petals, filaments glabrous, 1.5–2 cm, anthers 4–6 mm. Ovary glabrous; styles somewhat shorter than 4. Rhodoleia macrocarpa H. T. Chang, Acta Sci. Nat. Univ. stamens. Capsules 5, ovoid-globose, ca. 1.2–1.5 cm, styles not Sunyatsen. 1963(4): 50. 1963. persistent, pericarp thin-woody. Seeds yellow-brown, flattened. 大果红花荷 da guo hong hua he Fl. Feb–Apr, fr. May–Aug. Trees, to 10 m tall; young branches drying dark brown, Forests; ca. 1000 m. C and W Guangdong, Guizhou, Hainan [In- stellately lepidote. Petiole 2.5–4 cm; leaf blade elliptic or nar- donesia (Sumatra), W Malaysia, Myanmar, Vietnam]. rowly elliptic, 7–11 × 3–6 cm, abaxially gray-white, lepidote, Records of Rhodoleia championii from outside China must be adaxially drying dark green, not shiny, base broadly cuneate, treated with caution; collectors have commented on the similarity of the apex mucronate; obscurely 3-veined, lateral veins 8 or 9 on foliage to that of Rhododendron. each side at ca. 75° to midrib, obscure on both surfaces. Flow- 2. Rhodoleia parvipetala Tong, Bull. Dept. Biol. Sun Yatsen ers not seen. Infructescences 2.5–3.5 cm wide; fruiting pe- Univ. 2: 35. 1930. duncle 1–1.5 cm, stout, pubescent. Capsules 5, narrowly ovoid, 1.5–2 × 1.1–1.4 cm, glabrous, apex acute; styles persistent, 小花红花荷 xiao hua hong hua he short. Seeds dark brown, flattened, ca. 6 × 4 mm, narrowly Trees, to 20 m tall; young branches drying dark brown, winged. Fl. Mar–Jun, fr. Aug–Sep. stellately scaly but quickly glabrescent. Petiole 2–4.5 cm; leaf ● Slopes in evergreen forests; 2000–2400 m. SE Yunnan. blade oblong, 5–10 × 2–4 cm, drying discolorous, abaxially 5. Rhodoleia forrestii Chun ex Exell, Sunyatsenia 1: 97. 1933. whitish gray, glabrous, adaxially drying dark green, base cuneate, apex acute; obscurely 3-veined at base, lateral veins 6–9 on 绒毛红花荷 rong mao hong hua he each side, abaxially somewhat raised, adaxially obscure. Inflo- Trees, to 15 m tall; young branchlets long tomentose. rescences 2–2.5 cm, 2.5–3.5 wide in fruit; peduncle 1–1.5 cm, Petiole ca. 3.5 cm, rusty tomentose; leaf blade oblong lanceo- to 2 cm in fruit; involucral bracts 5–7, ovate-rounded, 7–10 late, 7–15 × 2–7 cm, abaxially whitish gray, brown-tomentose mm, pubescent with dark brown hairs; bracteoles absent. Petals to pilose, adaxially drying dark green, shiny, ± bullate, base spatulate, 15–18 × 5–6 mm. Stamens 6–8, about as long as cuneate, apex acute or acuminate; lateral veins 7–9 on each side petals. Ovary glabrous; styles as long as stamens. Capsules 0.8– at ca. 45° to midrib, abaxially convex, adaxially sunken, as is 1 cm. Seeds many, flattened. Fl. May–Apr, fr. Apr–Sep. the reticulate venation. Inflorescences ca. 3 cm, 2.5–3 cm wide HAMAMELIDACEAE

in fruit; peduncle ca. 1 cm; involucral bracts many, ovate- abaxially whitish gray, adaxially dark green, somewhat shiny, rounded or broadly ovate, 5–10 mm, brown-tomentose. Petals base rounded or obtuse, apex obtuse or nearly acute; 3-veined at oblanceolate, ca. 28 × 6 mm. Ovary glabrous; styles shorter base, lateral veins 4–6 on each side, abaxially slightly raised, than stamens. Capsules ovoid-globose, angular, 1.3–1.6 cm, obscure adaxially. Inflorescences ca. 2 cm long, ca. 2.5 cm styles persistent, long. Seeds dark brown, flattened, narrowly wide in fruit; peduncle 1–1.5 cm, stellately pubescent; involu- winged. Fl. Mar–May, fr. Jun–Sep. cral bracts ca. 10, ovate-rounded, 5–9 mm, abaxially stellately tomentose. Petals 4, narrowly oblanceolate, 15–20 × 1.5–3 mm. Evergreen forests; 1500–2300 m. W Yunnan [NE Myanmar]. Stamens 8, ca. 17 mm; filaments stout, glabrous. Ovary tomen- 6. Rhodoleia stenopetala H. T. Chang, Acta Sci. Nat. Univ. tose; styles ca. 1.5 cm. Capsules 5, ovoid-globose, ca. 1.2 cm Sunyatsen. 1959(2): 31. 1959. long, styles not persistent. Seeds flattened. Fl. Mar–Jun, fr. Jul– Sep. 窄瓣红花荷 zhai ban hong hua he ● Evergreen forests; 600–1000 m. W Guangdong, Hainan. Trees, to 20 m tall. Petiole 3–5 cm, stout, glabrous; leaf blade ovate or broadly so, 6–10 × 4–6.5 cm, drying discolorous, This species has the narrowest petals in Rhodoleia.

7. MYTILARIA Lecomte, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. (Paris) 30: 504. 1924. 壳菜果属 ke cai guo shu Trees, evergreen, up to 20 m tall; branchlets with distinct nodes, glabrous. Leaves long petiolate; stipule solitary, narrowly ovate, enclosing apical bud, caducous, leaving annular scar at each node; leaf blade tricuspidate or simple, broadly ovate-rounded, leathery, base cordate, margin entire, venation actinodromous. Inflorescence densely spicate, terminal or leaf-opposed, pedunculate, many flowered. Flowers bisexual, adjacent flowers united at base. Floral cup adnate to ovary. Sepals usually 5, imbricate, ovate- rounded, unequal. Petals usually 5, white, linear-liguliform, subfleshy, straight in bud. Stamens 10–13 (but see comment below), filaments short, stout; anther thecae 2-sporangiate, each dehiscing by 2 valves, connective protrusion massive, stamens and staminodes fused with petals into a tube. Ovary semi-inferior; ovules 6 per locule; styles very short. Capsules ovoid-globose, dehiscing above middle by two 2-lobed valves; exocarp subfleshy, endocarp woody. Seeds more than 1 per carpel, ellipsoid; seed coat thick and hard; endosperm fleshy; embryo situated in middle. 2n = 26.

One species; China, Laos, N Vietnam. The stamen number in Mytilaria is uncertain. Chang (Sunyatsenia 7: 69. 1948, and in FRPS 35(2): 50. 1979) gave it as 10–13, but the collection W. T. Tsang 22180 (P) from Guangxi has 5 stamens and 5 staminodes.

1. Mytilaria laosensis Lecomte, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. (Paris) ed, veins raised. Inflorescences terminal or axillary, ca. 4 cm, 30: 505. 1924. densely many flowered; peduncle glabrous. Sepals ca. 1.5 mm, apex subacute, abaxially pubescent; petals white, 8–10 mm. 壳菜果 ke cai guo Styles 2–3 mm; stigmas decurrent papillose. Capsules yellow- Trees to 30 m tall; branchlets stout, glabrous. Petiole 7–10 brown, 1.5–2 cm. Seeds brown, shiny, 10–12 × 5–6 mm. Fl. cm, glabrous; leaf blades broadly ovate-rounded, 10–13 × 7–10 Mar–Jun, fr. Jul–Sep. cm, abaxially yellow-green or grayish, glabrous, adaxially Forests; ca. 1000 m. W Guangdong, W Guangxi, SE Yunnan drying olive-green, shiny, apex shortly acute, palmately 5-vein- [Laos, N Vietnam].

8. CHUNIA H. T. Chang, Sunyatsenia 7: 63. 1948.

山铜材属 shan tong cai shu Trees, evergreen; branchlets stout, with distinct nodes; buds compressed globose, glabrous. Leaves long petiolate; stipules thickly leathery, enclosing buds, caducous, leaving annular scar at each node; leaf blade tricuspidate or simple, broadly ovate-rounded, thickly leathery, margin entire, venation actinodromous. Inflorescence densley spicate, terminal or subterminal, 12–16-flowered; bracts 2. Flowers bisexual. Sepals and petals absent. Stamens 8, filaments somewhat longer than anthers; anthers ovoid, thecae 2- sporangiate, each dehiscing by 2 valves, connective produced. Ovary inferior; ovules 6 per locule; styles very short; stigmas papillose. Capsules ovoid-globose, dehiscing loculicidally above middle by two 2-lobed valves; exocarp woody, endocarp thick and hard. Seeds ellipsoid; seed coat thick and hard; endosperm fleshy; embryo straight,

● One species.

1. Chunia bucklandioides H. T. Chang, Sunyatsenia 7: 63. Trees to 20 m tall; bark scabrous, dark brown; branchlets 1948. stout, gray-brown, lenticellate; buds compressed globose. Stip- ules subrounded, 2–2.5 cm in diam., glabrous; petiole 7–13 cm, 山铜材 shan tong cai glabrous; leaf blade 10–15 × 8–14 cm, abaxially yellow-green, 10 HAMAMELIDACEAE

glabrous, adaxially drying dark green, shiny, base subcordate or mm; anthers red, 2–3 mm. Styles 1.5 mm. Capsules ca. 15 × 13 truncate, apex acuminate; veins 5, palmate, abaxially convex, mm; pericarp 2–2.5 mm thick. Seeds black-brown, shiny, 4–6 adaxially distinct. Flowers opening before leaves, 1.5 × 0.5 cm, mm. Fl. Mar–Jun, fr. Jul–Sep. stellately pubescent, 3–4 cm in fruit, usually only upper 3 or 4 ● Wet valleys, rain forests; 300–600 m. S Hainan. flowers developing into fruits; peduncle 3–6 cm. Filaments 4–5 This species is listed as endangered by the IUCN. 9. SYCOPSIS Oliver, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 23: 83. 1860. 水丝梨属 shui si li shu Shrubs or small trees, evergreen; branches with 1 prophyll, glabrous or stellately lepidote; buds naked. Leaves petiolate; stipules minute, caducous, leaving small scars; leaf blade leathery, base rounded to cuneate, margin entire or shallowly toothed towards leaf apex, venation brochidodromous, sometimes with 3 basal veins, lepidote, glabrescent. Plants andromonoecious. Inflorescence a short, dense, spike, terminal on short lateral branches, pedunculate, sometimes recurved, flowers spiral, terminal flower absent; each flower with a large simple bract and without bracteoles. Flowers male or bisexual. Sepals 5 or 6, irregular. Petals absent. Stamens 5– 10, inserted on margin of floral cup; filaments equal or unequal; anthers ellipsoid, red, thecae 2-sporangiate, each dehiscing by a longitudinal slit, connective apiculate. Male flowers: floral cup short, rudimentary ovary present or absent. Bisexual flowers: floral cup urceolate, stellately lepidote. Ovary superior, but enclosed by floral cup; ovules 1 per locule; styles subulate, slender, divergent; stigmas decurrent. Capsules arranged spirally along rachis, usually ovoid-globose, woody, tomentose, dehiscing by two 2-lobed valves, persistent floral cup shorter than capsule, splitting irregularly. Seeds narrowly ovoid; endosperm thick; embryo straight. 2n = 36. Two or three species: China, NE India (Assam); two species (both endemic) in China. 1a. Leaf blade without 3 basal veins, abaxially nearly glabrous; persistent floral cup pubescent, ca. 4 mm ...... 1. S. sinensis 1b. Leaf blade with 3 basal veins, abaxially pubescent; persistent floral cup lepidote, to ca. 2 mm ...... 2. S. triplinervia 1. Sycopsis sinensis Oliver, Hooker’s Icon. Pl. 20: t. 1931. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Shaan- 1890. xi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang. 水丝梨 shui si li 2. Sycopsis triplinervia H. T. Chang, Acta Sci. Nat. Univ. Sunyatsen. 1960(1): 41. 1960. Distylium formosanum Kanehira; Sycopsis formosana 三脉水丝梨 san mai shui si li (Kanehira) Kanehira & Hatusima; S. sinensis var. integrifolia Diels. Shrubs; young branches stellately tomentose, older growth lepidote, glabrescent. Petiole 6–13 mm, stellately pubescent; Trees to 14 m tall; young branches lepidote, older growth leaf blade oblong or obovate-oblong, 5–14 × 2–6 cm, discolor- drying dark brown, glabrous. Petiole 0.8–1.8 cm; leaf blade ous, abaxially sparsely stellately pubescent, adaxially shiny and narrowly ovate or lanceolate, 5–12 × 2.5–4 cm, discolorous, stellately pubescent along veins, base rounded, margin entire or abaxially sparsely stellately pubescent, glabrescent, adaxially occasionally 1–3-toothed, apex acute; lateral veins 2 or 3 on shiny, stellately pubescent when young, soon glabrous, base each side, distal leaf blades 3-veined at base. Inflorescences ca. cuneate or obtuse, margin entire or distally serrulate, apex acu- 1.5 cm; 10–12-flowered, peduncle 3–5 mm, 0.8–1 cm in fruit. minate; lateral veins 6 or 7 on each side. Inflorescences 7- or 8- Male and bisexual flowers sessile. Floral cup 1.2–1.5 mm, lepi- flowered. Floral bracts brown, ovate-rounded, 6–8 mm, stel- dote. Sepals ovate, as long as floral cup. Stamens 8–10; anthers lately pubescent. Male flowers: floral cup short, reduced pistil 2–3 mm, connective produced. Styles 1.2–1.5 mm, pubescent. pubescent. Bisexual flowers: floral cup 1.7–2 mm, pubescent. Capsules 10–12 mm, tomentose and villous; persistent floral Sepals ovate. Filaments slender, 1–1.2 cm; anthers red, 1.8–2 cup 1.8–2 mm, lepidote; persistent styles 3–4 mm. Seeds ca. 6 mm, apex acute. Ovary pubescent; styles 5 mm, coiled back- mm. Fl. Apr–Jun, fr. Jun–Sep. wards. Capsules 8–10 mm, villous, dehiscing irregularly; per- ● Forests; 800–1000 m. Sichuan, NE Yunnan (Daguan Xian, sistent floral cup 3–4 mm; persistent styles 1–2 mm. Seeds 5–7 Yiliang Xian). mm. Fl. Apr–Jun, fr. Jul–Sep. It is uncertain whether this species belongs to the genus Sycopsis. ● Mountain thickets, evergreen forests; 1300–1500 m. Anhui, Further study is needed. 10. PARROTIA C. A. Meyer, Verzeichn. Pfl. Casp. Meer. 46. 1831. 银缕梅属 yin lu mei shu Shaniodendron M. B. Deng et al. Trees, deciduous, up to 30 m tall; branches with 1 prophyll, stellately pubescent when young, glabrescent. Leaves alternate; stipules caducous, leaving small scars; leaf blade broadly obovate or elliptic, membranous, usually dentate towards leaf apex, venation craspedodromous, both surfaces stellately pubescent. Plants andromonoecious. Inflorescence a capitate spike, axillary and terminal, 3–7-flowered; floral bracts large, brown; bracteoles absent. Flowers male or bisexual, open before leaves. Sepals 7–8(–10), HAMAMELIDACEAE

irregular in shape, spirally arranged, basally united, persistent. Petals absent. Stamens (5–)10–15, anthers elongate, thecae 2-sporangiate, each dehiscing by a longitudinal slit. Ovary semi-inferior, ovules 1 per locule; styles long, stigmas decurrent. Capsules arranged spirally along rachis, sessile, long-globose, woody, densely stellately pubescent. Seeds ellipsoid. 2n = 24.

Two species; one species in SW Asia (S Caspian region) and one in China. 1. Parrotia subaequalis (H. T. Chang) R. M. Hao & H. T. ovate, large, abaxially densely stellately pubescent, adaxially Wei, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 36: 80. 1998. subglabrous. Lowermost 1 or 2 flowers male, floral cup indistinct, stamens 3–10, filaments very short. Bisexual flowers 4 or 银缕梅 yin lu mei 5, floral cup short, margin irregularly toothed, persistent. Sepals Hamamelis subaequalis H. T. Chang, Acta Sci. Nat. Univ. ovate, ca. 3 mm. Stamens erect in buds, pendent at anthesis, Sunyatsen. 1960(1): 35. 1960; Shaniodendron subaequale (H. filaments filiform, 15–18(–20) mm, anthers oblong, 4–4.5 mm, T. Chang) M. B. Deng et al. connectives elongated into a mucro. Ovary semi-inferior, styles Trees, small; branches stellately pubescent, glabrescent. ca. 2 mm, stigmas decurrent. Capsules subglobose, 8–9 mm in Stipules narrowly lanceolate; petiole 5–7 mm, stellately pubes- diam., dehiscing by 2 valves, persistent floral cup ca. 2.5 mm; cent; leaf blade broadly obovate or elliptic, 4–6.5 × 2–4.5 cm, styles persistent. Seeds 6–7 mm, base and apex acute. Fl. May– abaxially stellately pubescent with pale brown hairs, adaxially Jun, fr. Jun–Aug. green, stellately pubescent only along veins, base rounded, trun- ● Montane forests; 600–700 m. Anhui (Jinzhai Xian, Jixi Xian, cate, or subcordate, symmetrical, margin sparsely sinuate den- Shucheng Xian), S Jiangsu (Yixing Xian), N Zhejiang (Anji Xian). tate, apex obtuse; lateral veins 4 or 5 on each side, abaxially prominent, basal 2 without tertiary veins. Inflorescences capi- This species is listed as critically endangered by the IUCN (as tate spikes; peduncle ca. 1 cm. Floral bracts ovate or broadly Shaniodendron subaequale).

11. DISTYLIUM Siebold & Zuccarini, Fl. Jap. 1: 178. 1835. 蚊母树属 wen mu shu shu Shrubs or small trees, evergreen; branches with 1 prophyll, stellately pubescent or lepidote when young; buds naked. Leaves distichous (rarely spiral), shortly petiolate; stipules caducous, leaving small scars; leaf blade leathery, margin entire or shallowly toothed towards leaf apex, venation pinnate; lateral veins usually prominent abaxially. Plants andromonoecious. Inflorescence a condensed panicle or botryoid, flowers distichously (or rarely spirally) arranged, axillary, ± sessile; each flower usually subtended by two (simple or 3-lobed) subopposite sepal-like bracteoles, sometimes lacking in male flowers. Flowers male or bisexual. Floral cup absent. Sepals and petals absent. Male flowers: stamens 1–8, filaments short, unequal, anthers ellipsoid, thecae 2-sporangiate, each dehiscing by a longitudinal slit, connective produced. Bisexual flowers: stamens 5–8, ovary superior, ovules 1 per locule; stigmas decurrent. Fruits distichously (or rarely spirally) arranged, sometimes pedicellate. Capsules ovoid-globose, woody, stellately tomentose, dehiscing above middle by two 2-lobed valves, apex acute. Seeds 1 per locule, narrowly ovoid. 2n = 24.

About 18 species: China, NE India (Assam), Indonesia (Java, Sumatra), Japan (Ryukyu Islands), Korea, Malaysia; 12 species (11 endemic) in China.

1a. Young branches, buds, and abaxial side of leaf blade lepidote or glabrous. 2a. Leaf blade abaxially densely lepidote ...... 4. D. elaeagnoides 2b. Leaf blade abaxially glabrous. 3a. Leaf blade lanceolate or oblong, rarely oblanceolate, 3–4 times as long as wide ...... 3. D. myricoides 3b. Leaf blade elliptic, ca. 2 times as long as wide. 4a. Leaf blade 3–6 × 1.5–3 cm, margin entire ...... 1. D. racemosum 4b. Leaf blade 7–12 × 4–7 cm, margin dentate near apex ...... 2. D. macrophyllum 1b. Young branches and buds stellately tomentose; leaf blade glabrous or pubescent. 5a. Leaf blade oblong, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, 5–14 × 2–6 cm, usually pubescent. 6a. Leaf blade ovate or ovate-lanceolate, apex caudate-acuminate, base rounded. 7a. Leaf blade 7–14 cm long, reticulate veins prominent ...... 5. D. pingpienense 7b. Leaf blade 4–6 cm, reticulate veins indistinct ...... 6. D. cuspidatum 6b. Leaf blade oblong, apex acute, base cuneate. 8a. Leaf blade 6–9 cm, abaxially nearly glabrous ...... 7. D. chungii 8b. Leaf blade 10–15 cm, abaxially tomentose ...... 8. D. tsiangii 5b. Leaf blade usually lanceolate, rarely obovate-lanceolate or narrowly oblong, 2–6(–10) × 1–2 cm, abaxially glabrous. 9a. Leaf blade narrowly lanceolate, 6–10 cm, petiole 5–8 mm ...... 9. D. dunnianum 9b. Leaf blade obovate-lanceolate, oblong, or broad-elliptic, 2–5 cm, petiole 1–3 mm. 10a. Petiole densely stellately pubescent, trichomes divided to center ...... 12. D. gracile 10b. Petiole densely scaly, trichomes divided up to 1/2 radius. HAMAMELIDACEAE

11a. Petiole scales subentire, closely appressed; leaf blade oblanceolate, entire or with 1 or 2 obscure subapical teeth ...... 11. D. buxifolium 11b. Petiole scales lacerate, not appressed; leaf blade obovate, usually with 2 or 3 subapical teeth on each side ...... 10. D. chinense 1. Distylium racemosum Siebold & Zuccarini, Fl. Jap. 1: 178. tuse, dehiscing by 4 valves. Seeds 6–7 mm. Fl. Apr–Jun, fr. 1835. Jun–Aug. 蚊母树 wen mu shu ● Montane evergreen forests; 500–800 m. Anhui, Fujian, Guang- dong, Guangxi, E Guizhou, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, SE Yunnan (Fu- Shrubs or trees; young branches stellately lepidote, older ning Xian), Zhejiang. growth drying dark brown, glabrous; buds lepidote. Petiole 5– 10 mm, sparsely stellately lepidote; leaf blade elliptic or obo- Distylium myricoides var. macrocarpum C. Y. Wu (Fl. Yunnan. 1: 134. 1977) was described from Yunnan (Funing Xian), but two type vate-elliptic, 3–7 × 1.5–3.5 cm, abaxially glabrescent, adaxially specimens (flowering and fruiting) were indicated, so the name is in- drying green, shiny, base broadly cuneate, margin entire, apex valid under Art. 8.1 and 37 of the St. Louis Code. obtuse or subacute; lateral veins 5 or 6 on each side, reticulate veins indistinct on both surfaces. Inflorescences 1.8–2 cm; pe- 4. Distylium elaeagnoides H. T. Chang, Acta Sci. Nat. Univ. duncle glabrous. Floral bracts lanceolate, 2–3 mm. Stamen fila- Sunyatsen. 1959(2): 37. 1959. ments 1.5–2 mm; anthers red, 2.5–3.5 mm. Ovary stellately to- 鳞毛蚊母树 lin mao wen mu shu mentose; styles 6–7 mm. Fruiting pedicels less than 2 mm. Capsules 1–1.3 cm, stellately pubescent with brown hairs, apex Shrubs or small trees, to 6 m tall; young branches densely acute. Seeds ovoid, 4–5 mm. Fl. Apr–Jun, fr. Jun–Aug. stellately lepidote, older growth drying gray-brown, glabrescent, lenticellate; buds ovoid, minute, densely stellately lepi- Forests; 1000–1300 m. Fujian, Hainan, Taiwan, Zhejiang [Japan dote. Petiole 8–12 mm, stellately lepidote; leaf blade obovate or (Ryukyu Islands), Korea]. obovate-oblong, 5–10 × 2.5–4.5 cm, drying discolorous, abax- 2. Distylium macrophyllum H. T. Chang, Acta Sci. Nat. Univ. ially densely silver-gray lepidote, adaxially glabrescent, base Sunyatsen. 1960(1): 39. 1960. cuneate, margin entire, apex obtuse or rounded; lateral veins 4 or 5 on each side, reticulate veins obscure on both surfaces. In- 大叶蚊母树 da ye wen mu shu fructescences 3–5 cm, fruiting peduncle lepidote. Flowers not Shrubs or small trees, to 5 m tall; young branches angular, seen. Capsules narrowly ovoid-globose, 1.4–1.6 × 0.6–0.8 cm, stellately lepidote; buds narrowly ovoid, ca. 6 mm, stellately densely gray lepidote, base cuneate, apex acuminate, dehiscing pubescent, stellately lepidote. Petiole 7–10 mm, stout, glabre- by two 2-lobed valves; persistent styles 2–3 mm. Seeds ovoid, scent; leaf blade elliptic or ovate-elliptic, 7–12 × 3.5–6.5 cm, 5–6 mm. Fr. Aug. drying discolorous, both surfaces glabrous, base rounded or ob- ● Montane evergreen forests; 800–1000 m. N Guangdong (Ru- tuse, margin entire or apically dentate, teeth mucronate, apex yuan Xian), Guangxi, S Hunan (Jianghua Xian). acute or subobtuse; lateral veins 5 or 6 on each side, reticulate veins more prominent abaxially. Infructescences 5–7 cm; fruit- 5. Distylium pingpienense (Hu) E. Walker, J. Arnold Arbor. ing peduncle stellately lepidote. Flowers not seen. Fruiting 25: 331. 1944. pedicels 2–5 mm, glabrous. Capsules 1.2–1.5 × 1–1.2 cm; per- 屏边蚊母树 ping bian wen mu shu sistent styles 2–4 mm, stellately pubescent with yellow-brown hairs. Seeds 5–7 mm. Fr. Aug. Sycopsis pingpienensis Hu, Bull. Fan. Mem. Inst. Bot. 10: ● Forests; 1000–1200 m. N Guangdong, NW Guangxi. 149. 1940; Distylium pingpienense var. serratum E. Walker. 3. Distylium myricoides Hemsley, Hooker’s Icon. Pl. 29: t. Shrubs or trees, 3–8 m tall; young branches brown stellate- 2835. 1907. ly pubescent, older growth drying brown, glabrescent, lenticellate; buds brown tomentose. Petiole 5–10 mm, stellately pubes- 杨梅蚊母树 yang mei wen mu shu cent; leaf blade ovate-lanceolate or lanceolate, 7–14 × 2.5–3.7 Distylium myricoides var. nitidum H. T. Chang. cm, drying discolorous, abaxially brown stellately pubescent or glabrescent, base rounded, somewhat asymmetrical, margin Shrubs or small trees; young branches stellately lepidote, entire or apically 1–3-toothed, apex caudate-acuminate; lateral older growth drying gray-brown, glabrescent, lenticellate; buds veins 6 on each side, reticulate veins somewhat prominent stellately pubescent, stellately lepidote. Petiole 5–8 mm, lepi- abaxially. Male inflorescences 1–1.5 cm; infructescences 3–5 dote hairy; leaf blade oblong or oblanceolate, 5–11 × 2–4 cm, cm. Bracts oblong, 6–7 mm, brown stellately pubescent. Floral drying discolorous, both surfaces glabrous, base cuneate, mar- bracts 2–3 mm, stellately tomentose. Stamen filaments unequal, gin entire or toothed above middle, apex acute; lateral veins 6 1.5–2.5 mm; anthers ovoid, 1.5–2 mm. Fruiting pedicels 3–4 on each side, reticulate veins somewhat prominent abaxially. mm, pubescent. Capsules ovoid-globose, 1–1.2 cm, stellately Inflorescences 1–3 cm; peduncle lepidote. Bracts lanceolate, 2– pubescent with brown hairs, apex acute, dehiscing by two 2- 3 mm. Floral bracts 2–3 mm, lepidote. Stamen filaments less lobed valves. Seeds 5–6 mm. Fl. Apr–Jun, fr. Jun–Aug. than 2 mm; anthers red, 2–3 mm. Ovary stellately pubescent; styles 6–8 mm. Capsules ovoid-globose or subovoid, 1–1.2 cm, ● Forests; 800–1000 m. N Guizhou (Suiyang Xian, Zunyi Shi), W stellately pubescent with yellow-brown hairs, apex acute or ob- Hubei (Badong Xian), SE Yunnan. HAMAMELIDACEAE

6. Distylium cuspidatum H. T. Chang, Acta Sci. Nat. Univ. 9. Distylium dunnianum H. Léveillé, Repert. Spec. Nov. Reg- Sunyatsen. 1959(2): 38. 1959. ni Veg. 11: 67. 1912. 尖尾蚊母树 jian wei wen mu shu 窄叶蚊母树 zhai ye wen mu shu Trees to 7 m tall; young branches brown stellately pubes- Distylium lanceolatum Chun ex Cheng; Myrica rapaneoi- cent, older growth drying gray-brown, glabrescent; buds ovoid, dea H. Léveillé; M. seguinii H. Léveillé. brown stellately pubescent. Stipules narrowly lanceolate, ca. 4 Shrubs or small trees, 2–6 m tall; young branches slightly mm, pubescent; petiole 5–7 mm, densely stellately tomentose; angular, brown stellately tomentose, older growth drying gray- leaf blade ovate, 5–7 × 2–3 cm, drying discolorous, both sur- brown, glabrescent. Petiole 5–8 mm, stellately tomentose; leaf faces stellately tomentose when young, glabrescent, base round- blade narrowly lanceolate, 6–10 × 1.2–2.2 cm, both surfaces ed or broadly cuneate, margin entire or apically with several glabrous or abaxially with tufts of hairs in axils of main veins, teeth, teeth mucronate, apex caudate-acuminate; lateral veins 3– base rounded or broadly cuneate, margin entire, apex acute; 5 on each side, reticulate veins indistinct on both surfaces. In- lateral veins 6–9 on each side, reticulate veins somewhat con- fructescences terminal on shoots, with 2 or 3 basal leaves. spicuous abaxially. Infructescences axillary, 3–5 cm. Flowers Bracts lanceolate, 1.8–2 mm, pubescent. Stamen filaments very not seen. Capsules 1–1.2 cm in diam., dehiscing by 4 valves; short; anthers 1.8–2 mm. Ovary stellately pubescent, hairs persistent styles very short. Seeds 4–5 mm. Fr. Aug. brown; styles 2–3 mm. Fruiting pedicels short or absent. Cap- sules ovoid-globose, 1–1.2 cm, brown stellately tomentose. Fl. ● Slopes and forests; 1200–1400 m. Guangdong, Guangxi, Gui- Apr–Jun, fr. Jun–Aug. zhou, SE Yunnan (Funing Xian).

● Forests; 1200–1400 m. Guizhou, E Yunnan. 10. Distylium chinense (Franchet ex Hemsley) Diels, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 29: 380. 1900. 7. Distylium chungii (Metcalfe) W. C. Cheng, Contr. Biol. Lab. Sci. Soc. China, Bot. Ser., 8: 140. 1932. 中华蚊母树 zhong hua wen mu shu 闽粤蚊母树 min yue wen mu shu Distylium racemosum Siebold & Zuccarini var. chinense Franchet ex Hemsley, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 23: 290. 1887. Sycopsis chungii Metcalfe, Lingnan Sci. J. 10: 414. 1931. Shrubs to 1 m tall; young branches stout, internodes 2–4 Trees, small; young branches brown stellately pubescent, mm, older growth glabrescent. Petiole 1.5–2 mm, densely lepi- older growth drying gray-brown, glabrous, lenticellate; buds dote; leaf blade elliptic to oblanceolate, 2–4 × 1–1.2 cm, both stellately tomentose. Petiole ca. 10 mm, stellately tomentose; surfaces glabrous, base broadly cuneate, margin entire or with 2 leaf blade oblong or ovate-oblong, 6–10 × 3–4 cm, drying dis- or 3 teeth on each side near apex, apex subacute; lateral veins 5 colorous, abaxially sparsely stellately tomentose or glabrescent, on each side, reticulate veins obscure on both surfaces. Inflo- base broadly cuneate, margin entire or apically 1- or 2-toothed, rescences 1–1.5 cm. Floral bracts ovate or lanceolate, 1.2–1.5 teeth mucronate, apex acute or subobtuse; lateral veins 5 or 6 on mm. Stamens 2–7, 4–7 mm; filaments slender; anthers ovoid. each side, reticulate veins conspicuous on both surfaces. Infruc- Capsules 0.7–0.8 cm, dehiscing by 4 valves; persistent styles 1– tescences 2–3 cm. Flowers not seen. Fruiting pedicels very 2 mm. Seeds 3–4 mm. Fl. Apr–Jun, fr. Jun–Aug. short. Capsules 2 or 3, 1.2–1.5 cm, brown stellately tomentose, ● Wet places, river sides or stream sides; 1000–1300 m. Hubei, dehiscing by two 2-lobed valves; persistent styles 2–3 mm. Sichuan. Seeds 6–7 mm. Fr. Aug. 11. Distylium buxifolium (Hance) Merrill, Sunyatsenia 3: 251. ● Forests; 1000–1200 m. S Fujian, E Guangdong. 1937. 8. Distylium tsiangii Chun ex E. Walker, J. Arnold Arbor. 25: 小叶蚊母树 xiao ye wen mu shu 331. 1944. Myrsine buxifolia Hance, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., sér. 4, 15: 黔蚊母树 qian wen mu shu 225. 1861; Distylium buxifolium var. rotundum H. T. Chang; D. Trees to 7 m tall; young branches rusty tomentose, older lipoense Y. K. Li & X. M. Wang; D. strictum Hemsley. growth drying brown, glabrescent, lenticellate; buds ovoid, Shrubs 1–2 m tall; young branches slender, glabrescent, brown tomentose. Petiole 10–15 mm, densely tomentose; leaf older growth glabrous; internodes 1–2.5 cm. Leaves at least blade oblong, 10–15 × 4–5.5 cm, abaxially brown stellately to- partly spirally and not distichously arranged. Petiole 1–3 mm; mentose, adaxially glabrescent, base cuneate, margin entire or leaf blade oblanceolate, oblong-lanceolate, or obovate, 2–5 × 1– apically 1- or 2-toothed, apex acute; lateral veins 5–7 on each 1.8 cm, drying discolorous, both surfaces glabrous, base nar- side, reticulate veins somewhat conspicuous on both surfaces. rowly cuneate, margin entire or apically with 1 tooth on each Infructescences terminal on shoots, 3–5 cm, with 2 or 3 basal side, apex acute or obtuse, mucronate; lateral veins 3–6 on each leaves. Flowers not seen. Fruiting pedicels 2–4 mm. Capsules side, reticulate veins obscure on both surfaces. Flowers not narrowly ovoid, 1.5–1.7 cm, densely tomentose, dehiscing by seen. Capsules 0.7–0.9 cm in diam.; persistent styles 1–2 mm. two 2-lobed valves; persistent styles ca. 3 mm. Seeds 8–9 mm. Seeds 4–5 mm. Fl. Apr–May, fr. Jun–Aug. Fr. Jul. ● River sides, stream sides; 1000–1200 m. Fujian, Guangdong, ● Forests; 1000–1200 m. Guizhou (Bazai, Dushanzi). Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Sichuan, Zhejiang. HAMAMELIDACEAE

12. Distylium gracile Nakai, J. Arnold Arbor. 5: 77. 1924. tic, 2–3 × 0.7–2 cm, drying discolorous, both surfaces glabrous, base broadly cuneate, margin entire or apically with 1 tooth on 台湾蚊母树 tai wan wen mu shu each side, apex obtuse, mucronate. Infructescences 1.5–3 cm. Trees to 10 m tall; young branches stellately pubescent, Flowers not seen. Capsules 1–3, 0.8–1 cm in diam., stellately pubescent; persistent styles very short. Fr. Jul–Aug. older growth glabrescent, lenticellate; buds stellately tomentose. Petioles 2–4 mm, stellately pubescent; leaf blade broadly ellip- ● Forests; 1000–1200 m. Taiwan, NE Zhejiang (Putuo Xian).

12. DISTYLIOPSIS P. K. Endress, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 90: 30. 1970. 假蚊母树属 jia wen mu shu shu Trees, evergreen, up to 15 m tall; branches with 1 prophyll, young shoots and petioles stellately tomentose or with sessile peltate scales; buds perulate. Leaves distichous (rarely spiral), shortly petiolate; stipules ovate or elliptic, caducous, leaving small scars; leaf blade often oblanceolate, leathery, base cuneate, margin entire or nearly so, venation pinnate, sometimes with 3 basal veins, often glabrescent. Plants andromonoecious. Inflorescence a condensed panicle or botryoid, each axis terminated by a flower, axillary or terminal on short lateral branches, few-flowered; bracts 3-lobed. Flowers male or bisexual, distichously (or rarely spirally) arranged. Floral cup urceolate to cupshaped, subtended by (often stipulate) sepal-like bracts, often ± ascending on one side. Male flowers sessile, bisexual flowers often pedicellate. Sepals and petals absent. Stamens (1–)5–6(–15), anther thecae 2-sporangiate, each dehiscing by a longitudinal slit. Male flowers with reduced carpels. Ovary superior, enclosed by long floral cup, ovules 1 per locule; stigmas decurrent. Capsules arranged distichously (rarely spirally) along rachis, partly stalked. Seeds ellipsoid.

About six species: China, Laos, Malaysia, New Guinea; five species (four endemic) in China. 1a. Leaf blade with 3 main basal veins, abaxial surface persistently densely stellately tomentose; floral cup as long as capsule ...... 1. D. laurifolia 1b. Leaf blade without 3 main basal veins, abaxial surface glabrous or glabrescent; floral cup 1/3–1/2 as long as capsule. 2a. Leaf blade narrowly lanceolate, less than 2 cm wide ...... 5. D. salicifolia 2b. Leaf blade elliptic, obovate or ovate-oblong, 2–6 cm wide. 3a. Leaf blade elliptic or obovate, apex rounded or obtuse, 3–6 cm ...... 4. D. tutcheri 3b. Leaf blade oblong, ovate-oblong, apex acuminate or bluntly acuminate, 5–13 cm. 4a. Leaf blade 5–7 × 2–5 cm ...... 2. D. dunnii 4b. Leaf blade 9–13 × 3–6 cm ...... 3. D. yunnanensis

1. Distyliopsis laurifolia (Hemsley) P. K. Endress, Bot. Jahrb. ● Forests; 1300–1500 m. SW Guizhou (Anlong Xian, Xingren Syst. 90: 30. 1970. Xian), SE Yunnan. 2. Distyliopsis dunnii (Hemsley) P. K. Endress, Bot. Jahrb. 樟叶假蚊母树 zhang ye jia wen mu shu Syst. 90: 30. 1970. Sycopsis laurifolia Hemsley, Hooker’s Icon. Pl. 29: t. 尖叶假蚊母树 jian ye jia wen mu shu 2836. 1907; Distylium velutinum Hu. Sycopsis dunnii Hemsley, Hooker’s Icon. Pl. 29: t. 2836. Shrubs to 3 m tall; young branches with stellate scales and 1907. stellate hairs, at first tomentose, glabrescent, sparsely lenticel- Shrubs or small trees, 3–6 m tall; young branches and peti- late. Petiole 8–10 mm, densely stellately lepidote; leaf blade oles with sessile, peltate scales, glabrescent. Petiole 10–15 mm, ovate or narrowly so, 5–12 × 2–4 cm, discolorous, abaxially persistently densely lepidote; leaf blade oblong or ovate-oblong, glaucous, stellately tomentose, hairs yellowish, adaxially shiny, occasionally oblong-lanceolate, 6–11 × 2–5 cm, discolorous, base cuneate or obtuse, margin entire or with a few teeth near both surfaces glabrescent, adaxially shiny, base cuneate or sub- apex, apex acute or acuminate; lateral veins 5 or 6 on each side, obtuse, margin entire, apex acute or acuminate; lateral veins 6 with 3 main veins from base, reticulate venation abaxially ob- or 7 on each side, abaxially prominent; reticulate venation obscure, adaxially raised. Inflorescences 1–2 cm, bracts lanceo- scure on both surfaces. Bracts oblong. Male flowers: borne in late, 3–4 mm. Male flowers sessile; floral cup lanceolate, 1.8–2 lower part, sessile. Stamens 4–5, filaments 4–9 mm; anthers mm, tomentose; bracteoles inserted on cup, subglabrous. Sta- 1.7–2 mm; ovary absent. Bisexual flowers: shortly pedicellate; mens 1–7, filaments ca. 3 mm; anthers ellipsoid, 0.8–1 mm. floral cup 2–3 mm; stamens 4–11. Ovary villous; styles 4–5 Bisexual flowers: pedicellate; floral cup 1.2–1.5 mm, stellately mm, glabrous, recurved. Capsules 1–4, pedicellate, 10–13 mm, tomentose, with subglabrous bracteoles; stamens 8–12; fila- gray-brown villous, apex subacute, persistent floral cup 3–4 ments 1.7–2 mm. Ovary stellately pubescent; styles 4–5 mm, mm, with dense sessile scales; persistent styles short. Seeds 4–5 glabrous. Capsule 10–12 mm, densely yellow-brown villous, mm. Fl. Apr–Jun, fr. Jun–Sep. apex acute, persistent floral cup almost as long as capsule, Montane evergreen forests; 800–1500 m. Fujian, Guangdong, stellately pubescent. Seeds 6–7 mm. Fl. Apr–Jun, fr. Jun–Sep. Guangxi, Guizhou, Hunan, Jiangxi, Yunnan [Laos]. HAMAMELIDACEAE

3. Distyliopsis yunnanensis (H. T. Chang) C. Y. Wu, Fl. prominent abaxially, obscure adaxially. Flowers not seen. Pedi- Yunnan. 1: 139. 1977. cel 3–6 mm. Capsules 1–5, 10–13 mm, yellow-brown villous, apex acute to subacute, persistent floral cup 4–5 mm, with 滇假蚊母树 dian jia wen mu shu sessile scales; persistent styles very short. Seeds 4–5 mm. Fl. Sycopsis yunnanensis H. T. Chang, Acta Sci. Nat. Univ. Apr–Jun, fr. Jun–Sep. Sunyatsen. 1961(4): 55. 1961. ● Mountains in evergreen forests; 800–1000 m. Fujian, Guang- Shrubs or small trees. Petiole 6–9 mm, lepidote; leaf blade dong, Hainan. oblong, 9–13 × 3–6 cm, discolorous, abaxially glabrous, base broadly cuneate or subrounded, margin entire, apex acute or 5. Distyliopsis salicifolia (H. L. Li ex E. Walker) P. K. Endress, subobtuse; lateral veins 6 or 7 on each side, abaxially promi- Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 90: 30. 1970. nent. Inflorescences axillary or terminal on shoots, 3.5–4 cm in 柳叶假蚊母树 liu ye jia wen mu shu fruit; fruiting peduncle glabrous. Flowers not seen. Capsules 3 or 4, stalked or sessile, 8–10 × 6–8 mm, gray-brown villous, Sycopsis salicifolia H. L. Li ex E. Walker, J. Arnold Arbor. apex subacute, persistent floral cup 4–6 mm; persistent styles 25: 341. 1944. absent. Fr. Jul–Aug. Shrubs to 3 m tall. Leaves at least partly spiral and not ● Evergreen forests; 800–1000 m. S Yunnan (Xishuangbanna). distichous. Petiole 3–4 mm; leaf blade narrowly lanceolate, 6–9 4. Distyliopsis tutcheri (Hemsley) P. K. Endress, Bot. Jahrb. × 1–1.5 cm, thinly leathery, discolorous, both surfaces glabre- Syst. 90: 30. 1970. scent, base cuneate, margin entire, apex acute; lateral veins 5–7 on each side, abaxially slightly prominent; reticulate veins ob- 钝叶假蚊母树 dun ye jia wen mu shu scure on both surfaces. Inflorescences 1–2 cm, 1.5–2.5 cm in Sycopsis tutcheri Hemsley, Hooker’s Icon. Pl. 29: t. 2834. fruit; bracts ovate, 2–4 mm, pubescent. Floral cup 2–3 mm, 1907; S. oblanceolata H. T. Chang. bracts preceding flowers, narrowly ovate, 1.8–2 mm, deciduous. Stamens 6–8(–15); filaments 2–4 mm; anthers ellipsoid, Shrubs or small trees, to 12 m tall; young branches and 1.8–2 mm; ovary villous. Styles 5–6 mm, pubescent, recurved. petioles with sessile, peltate scales, glabrescent. Petiole 3–5 Capsules 1 or 2, 7–8 mm, villous, apex acute, persistent floral mm, persistently densely lepidote; leaf blade elliptic or obovate, cup 3–4 mm; persistent styles very short, apex acuminate. Fl. 3–6 × 2–4 cm, discolorous, both surfaces glabrescent, base Apr–May, fr. Jun–Aug. broadly cuneate, margin entire, apex obtuse or subrounded; lateral veins 5 on each side, adaxially impressed; reticulate veins ● Montane forests; 900–1200 m. S Hainan. 13. HAMAMELIS Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 124. 1753. 金缕梅属 jin lu mei shu Shrubs or small trees, deciduous; branches with 1 prophyll, young branches tomentose; buds naked, tomentose. Leaves petiolate; stipules caducous, leaving small scars; leaf blade thinly leathery or papery, asymmetrical, margin entire or undulate-dentate, venation pinnate, 2 basal lateral veins usually with tertiary veins. Inflorescence capitate, or shortly spicate, axillary, 3–4-flowered. Flowers bisexual. Sepals 4, ovate, pubescent. Petals 4, yellow, greenish or red, straplike, circinate in bud. Stamens 4; filaments short; anthers ovoid, thecae 1-sporangiate, each dehiscing by 1 valve; staminodes 4, alternating with stamens, scalelike, producing nectar. Ovary semi-inferior; ovules 1 per locule; styles very short. Capsules woody, dehiscing above middle by two 2-lobed valves; endocarp loose from woody exocarp. Seeds ellipsoid; endosperm fleshy. 2n = 24. Six species: China, Japan, North America; one species (endemic) in China. 1. Hamamelis mollis Oliver, Hooker’s Icon. Pl. 18: t. 1742. gin sinuate-dentate, apex acute; lateral veins 6–8 on each side, 1888. abaxially prominent, basal 2 lateral veins with tertiary veins. Inflorescence peduncle ca. 5 mm. Sepals ca. 3 mm, sometimes 金缕梅 jin lu mei brown adaxially, persistent. Petals yellow, ca. 1.5 cm; filaments Hamamelis mollis var. oblongifolia M. P. Deng & K. Yao. ca. 2 mm; anthers nearly equal to filaments; staminode apex truncate. Ovary tomentose; styles 1–1.5 mm. Capsules ovoid- Shrubs or small trees to 8 m tall; young branches stellately globose, ca. 1.2 × 1 cm, densely stellately tomentose with yel- tomentose, glabrescent; buds narrowly ovoid, gray-yellow to- low-brown hairs; persistent floral cup ca. 1/3 as long as cap- mentose. Petiole 6–10 mm, tomentose; leaf blade broadly obo- sules. Seeds ca. 8 mm. Fl. Apr–May, fr. Jun–Aug. vate-rounded or oblong, 8–15 × 6–10 cm, abaxially densely stellately tomentose with gray hairs, adaxially subscabrous, ● Thickets, forests; 300–800 m. Anhui, Guangxi, Hubei, Hunan, sparsely stellately pubescent, base cordate, asymmetrical, mar- Jiangxi, Sichuan, Zhejiang. 14. LOROPETALUM R. Brown in G. F. Abel, Narr. Journey China, App. B, 375. 1818. 木继木属 ji mu shu Tetrathyrium Bentham. HAMAMELIDACEAE

Shrubs or small trees, evergreen or semievergreen; buds naked. Leaves shortly petiolate; stipules membranous; leaf blade membranous or thinly leathery, margin entire, venation pinnate. Inflorescence capitate, shortly spicate, or racemose, axillary or terminal, 3–25-flowered. Flowers bisexual, usually 4 or 5(or 6)-merous. Floral cup obconical, stellately pubescent. Sepals usually 4 or 5(or 6), ovate, pubescent, deciduous. Petals white or red, straplike, circinate in bud. Stamens 4 or 5(or 6), perigynous, anther thecae 2- sporangiate, each dehiscing by 2 valves, connective protrusion long and slender; disk scales present. Ovary inferior or semi-inferior; ovules 1 per locule. Fruiting pedicel short or absent. Capsules dehiscing by two 2-lobed valves, lower part enveloped by floral cup. Seeds 1 per carpel; endosperm fleshy.

Three species: China, E and N India, Japan; three species (two endemic) in China. 1a. Bracts pectinate, glandular fimbriate; inflorescence axillary, 14–25-flowered; flowers 5-merous; styles ca. 2 mm; capsules sessile, clustered in a head, adnate to floral cup for 1/4–1/2 of their length ...... 1. L. subcordatum 1b. Bracts entire, eglandular; inflorescence terminal, mostly on short branches, 3–16-flowered; flowers 4(or 5)-merous; styles very short; capsules pedicellate, separated, adnate to floral cup for 2/3–3/4 of their length. 2a. Leaves glabrescent; peduncle 3–5 mm; capsule 10–14 × 9–10 mm ...... 2. L. lanceum 2b. Leaves with scattered stellate hairs, seldom glabrescent; peduncle 8–10 mm; capsule 7–8 × 6–7 mm ...... 3. L. chinense 1. Loropetalum subcordatum (Bentham) Oliver, Hooker’s ● Evergreen forests on mountain slopes; ca. 1000 m. S Guangxi Icon. Pl. 15: t. 1417. 1883. (Shiwan Dashan), Guizhou. 四药门花 si yao men hua 3. Loropetalum chinense (R. Brown) Oliver, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 23: 459. 1862. Tetrathyrium subcordatum Bentham, Fl. Hongk. 133. 1861. 木继木 ji mu Shrubs or trees to 12 m tall; branchlets glabrous. Stipules Hamamelis chinensis R. Brown in G. F. Abel, Narr. Jour- lanceolate, 5–6 mm, stellately pubescent; petiole 1–1.5 cm; leaf ney China, App. B, 375. 1818. blade ovate or elliptic, 7–12 × 3.5–5 cm, discolorous, base Shrubs or small trees, 1–3 m tall, much branched; branch- rounded or subcordate, margin entire or sparsely serrulate, apex lets stellately pubescent. Stipules triangular-lanceolate or obo- acute; lateral veins 6–8 on each side, abaxially prominent, gla- vate, 3–5 × 1.5–2 mm, stellately pubescent; petiole 0.2–0.5 cm, brous, adaxially impressed. Inflorescence axillary, 14–25-flow- stellately pubescent; leaf blade ovate, elliptic or, rarely, obo- ered; peduncle 4–5 cm; bracts linear, ca. 3 mm. Sepals ca. 1.5 vate, 2–6.5 × 1–3 cm, discolorous, abaxially densely stellately mm, stellately pubescent. Petals ca. 1.5 cm; anthers ovoid; pubescent, adaxially sparsely pubescent or stellately pubescent staminodes divergent, teeth oblong-ovate, ca. 2.5 mm. Ovary when young, glabrescent, base asymmetrical, rounded or cune- stellately pubescent. Persistent floral cup ca. 2/3 as long as ate, margin ± entire, apex acute or shortly acuminate; lateral capsule; capsules subglobose, 10–12 mm in diam., adnate to veins 4–8 on each side, abaxially prominent. Inflorescence a floral cup for 1/4–1/2 of their length. Seeds 6–7 mm. Fl. Apr– short raceme or nearly capitate, terminal, mostly on short lateral Jun, fr. Jul–Aug. branches, 3–16-flowered; peduncle 0.8–1 cm, stellately pubes- ● Roadsides; 100–200 m. Guangdong, SW Guangxi (Longzhou cent; bracts linear or lanceolate, 2–4.5 mm. Flowers shortly Xian), Guizhou. pedicellate, open before leaves appear. Floral cup cupular, stel- This species is listed as endangered by the IUCN (as Tetrathyrium lately pubescent, 1.2–1.5 mm. Sepals ovate, 2–3 mm. Petals subcordatum). 4(–6), white, pale yellow or red, 1–2 cm, apex obtuse or rounded. Stamens 4 or 5, filaments very short, connective elongated 2. Loropetalum lanceum Handel-Mazzetti, Sinensia 2(10): into a horn, 0.4–0.5 mm, anthers ovoid, 0.5–0.6 mm; stami- 123. 1932. nodes 4–6, scalelike, alternate with stamens. Ovary inferior, 大果木继木 da guo ji mu stellately pubescent, styles ca. 1 mm. Persistent floral cup 2/3– Trees, 9–13 m tall; young branches pubescent; buds 4/5 as long as capsule; capsules ovoid or obovoid-globose, 7–8 naked, stellately pubescent. Leaf blade lanceolate or ovate- × 6–7 mm, stellately tomentose, hairs brown, apex rounded, lanceolate, 5–8.5 × 2.5–3.5 cm, abaxially glabrescent, adaxially adnate to floral cup for 2/3–3/4 of their length. Seeds ovoid- olive, glabrous, base cuneate or obtuse, somewhat asymmetri- globose or ellipsoid, 4–7 × 3.5–4 mm. Fl. Mar–Apr, fr. May– cal, apex caudate-acuminate and ca. 1 cm; lateral veins 5 on Jul. each side, abaxially somewhat prominent. Inflorescence a short Forests, thickets, sunny hills; 1000–1200 m. Anhui, Fujian, spike, terminal, mostly on short lateral branches, 4- or 5- Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Si- flowered; peduncle 0.3–0.5 cm. Flowers nearly sessile. Sepals chuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [NE India, Japan]. ovate, 2–2.5 mm. Petals white, 1–1.3 cm. Stamens short, This species is widely cultivated in China. filament as long as anthers, connective produced into a long mucro. Ovary tomentose, styles very short. Fruiting pedicel ca. Two varieties occur in China; the present authors have seen no 1.5 mm; capsules compressed-globose, 12–14 × 10–12 mm, specimens of the recently published var. coloratum C. Q. Huang (Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 21: 508. 2001). stellately tomentose, hairs yellow-brown, adnate to floral cup for 2/3–3/4 of their length. Seeds ellipsoid, 7–8 mm. Fl. Mar– 1a. Flowers usually white or pale yellow ...... 3a. var. chinense May, fr. Jun–Aug. 1b. Flowers usually purple-red or red ...... 3b. var. rubrum HAMAMELIDACEAE

3a. Loropetalum chinense var. chinense separate species. Qian (Acta Bot. Yunnan. 16: 235. 1994) described Tetrathyrium simaoense with 5-merous flowers, but both 4-merous and 木继木(原变种) ji mu (yuan bian zhong) 5-merous flowers coexist in the same inflorescences of both the holo- type and an isotype as well as Qian 3288 and Chen & Feng 97040, all Loropetalum indicum K. Y. Tong; L. subcapitatum Chun from Simao, Yunnan. Other characters, such as habit, leaves, and fruit, ex H. T. Chang; Tetrathyrium simaoense Y. Y. Qian. are similar in T. simaoense and L. chinense. Petals usually white or pale yellow. 3b. Loropetalum chinense var. rubrum Yieh, Zhong Guo Forests, sunny hills; 1000–1200 m. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Yuan Yi Zhuan Kan (China Bull. Hort. Special Issue) 1942(2): Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, 33. 1942. Zhejiang [NE India, Japan]. 红花木继木 hong hua ji mu Loropetalum indicum was said to have thick leaves with a 2- Loropetalum chinense f. rubrum H. T. Chang. layered palisade tissue and well-developed cuticle, whereas L. chinense mostly has a 1-layered palisade tissue and a weaker cuticle, but these Petals usually purple-red or red. differences alone are not sufficient to distinguish species. Loropetalum subcapitatum was said to differ from L. chinense by its larger, gla- ● Thickets. Guangxi, Hunan. brescent leaves, but the paratype of L. subcapitatum, Liang 65827 (PE), This variety was described from material of garden origin and is also has small leaves and the difference does not justify recognition of a widely cultivated in southern China. 15. EUSTIGMA Gardner & Champion, Hooker’s J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 1: 312. 1849.

秀柱花属 xiu zhu hua shu Shrubs or small trees, evergreen; branches usually stellately pubescent; buds naked. Leaves petiolate; stipules minute, caducous, leaving small scars; leaf blade leathery, margin entire or dentate towards leaf apex, venation pinnate. Inflorescence racemose, terminal, mostly on short 2-leaved lateral branches, pedunculate; basal inflorescence bracts 2. Flowers bisexual. Floral cup turbinate, stellately tomentose. Sepals 5. Petals 5, small, yellow, scalelike, geniculate, with two dorsal swellings. Stamens 5, opposite to sepals, filaments very short; anther thecae 2-sporangiate, each dehiscing by 2 valves; staminodes absent. Ovary almost inferior; ovules 1 per locule; styles long; stigmas very large, spatulate, verrucose, dark purple. Capsules ovoid-globose, woody, dehiscing loculicidally by two 2-lobed valves; endocarp loose from woody exocarp. Seeds narrowly ovoid. Three species: China, Vietnam; three species (two endemic) in China. 1a. Leaves and young branches glabrescent, leaves oblong to oblong-lanceolate ...... 1. E. oblongifolium 1b. Leaves and young branches pubescent, leaves elliptic or oblong. 2a. Leaves elliptic or oblong, abaxially brown stellately tomentose ...... 2. E. balansae 2b. Leaves narrowly rounded, abaxially stellately pubescent along veins ...... 3. E. lenticellatum

1. Eustigma oblongifolium Gardner & Champion, Hooker’s J. Distylium chingii Chun ex E. Walker. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 1: 312. 1849. Trees to 16 m tall; buds brown tomentose. Stipules linear 秀柱花 xiu zhu hua or narrowly lanceolate; petiole 6–12 mm, brown stellately tomentose; leaf blade elliptic or oblong, 10–16 × 4–6 cm, dry- Young branches glabrescent, older growth drying gray- ing discolorous, abaxially brown stellately tomentose, adaxially brown, lenticellate. Stipules linear; petiole 5–10 mm, glabre- shiny, base obtuse or broadly cuneate, margin entire, apex acu- scent; leaf blade oblong or oblong-lanceolate, 7–17 × 3–6 cm, minate; lateral veins 7–11 on each side, abaxially slightly drying discolorous, abaxially glabrous, adaxially somewhat prominent. Inflorescences 4–7 cm; peduncle brown tomentose; shiny, base obtuse or cuneate, margin entire or sometimes den- basal inflorescence bracts 2, leaflike, 1.2–1.5 cm, abaxially tate towards leaf apex, apex acuminate; lateral veins 6–8 on brown stellately tomentose; bracts and bracteoles obovate, ca. 3 each side, abaxially prominent. Inflorescences 2–2.5 cm; pe- mm. Floral cup stellately tomentose. Sepals 1.8–2 mm. Petals duncle 6–8 mm, initially lepidote; general bracts ovate, 1–1.2 1.2–1.5 mm, apex obtuse. Stamens somewhat shorter than se- cm; bracts and bracteoles ovate, stellately pubescent. Floral cup pals. Ovary stellately tomentose; styles 6–8 mm, glabrous. Cap- 2–2.5 mm, stellately pubescent. Sepals ovate, 2.5–3 mm, decid- sule 15–17 × 12–15 mm, brown stellately tomentose. Seeds 7–8 uous. Petals obovate, slightly shorter than floral cup, apex 2- mm. Fl. Apr–May, fr. Jun–Aug. lobed. Anthers ovoid, 0.8–1 mm. Styles 8–12 mm. Capsule 18– Forests; 400–500 m. Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan [Vietnam]. 20 mm, glabrous. Seeds 8–10 mm. Fl. Apr–Jun, fr. Jul–Sep. 3. Eustigma lenticellatum C. Y. Wu, Fl. Yunnan. 1: 130. 1977. ● Forests; 100–200 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, S Jiangxi, Taiwan. 云南秀柱花 yun nan xiu zhu hua 2. Eustigma balansae Oliver, Hooker’s Icon. Pl. 20: t. 1954. Eustigma stellatum Feng ex C. Y. Wu. 1891. Trees to 10 m tall. Petiole 1–2 cm; leaf blade narrowly 褐毛秀柱花 he mao xiu zhu hua rounded, 7–12 × 3–5 cm, abaxially brown stellately tomentose HAMAMELIDACEAE

along veins, adaxially glabrous, base broadly cuneate or obtuse, mm. Styles 3–4 mm. Fruiting pedicel 8–10 mm; capsule 1.1– margin entire, apex acute; lateral veins 7–10 on each side. Pe- 1.3 cm. Fl. Apr–May, fr. Jun–Aug. duncle 5–10 mm; bracts ca. 1 mm. Flowers shortly pedicellate. ● Forests; 1000–1200 m. SE Yunnan (Guangnan Xian, Pingbian Floral cup 1.8–2 mm. Sepals short. Petals minute. Stamens ca. 2 Xian). 16. CORYLOPSIS Siebold & Zuccarini, Fl. Jap. 1: 45. 1835. 蜡瓣花属 la ban hua shu Shrubs or small trees, deciduous or semievergreen, branches with 3 prophylls, usually stellately pubescent; buds perulate. Leaves petiolate; stipules large, membranous, usually rapidly caducous, leaving small scars; leaf blade membranous or leathery, margin serrate, venation pinnate, the 2 basal lateral veins usually with tertiary veins. Inflorescence a raceme or compact thyrse, pendent, usually open before leaves appear; peduncle with 2 or 3 basal leaves; each flower usually with 1 bract and 2 bracteoles. Flowers bisexual. Sepals 5, persistent or deciduous. Petals yellow, rounded or ovate. Stamens 5; filaments linear; anther thecae 2-sporangiate, each dehiscing by 2 valves; 5–10 nectar producing disk scales present, alternating with stamens, apex truncate or 2-lobed. sometimes 1–5 staminodes present. Ovary from almost superior to almost inferior; ovules 3 per locule, 2 of them sterile; styles short or long, stigmas capitate, persistent in fruit. Capsules ovoid-globose, woody, dehiscing loculicidally by 4 valves, with persistent styles. Seeds ellipsoid; endosperm fleshy; embryo straight. 2n = 24, 48, 72.

About 29 species: China, India, Japan, Korea; 20 species (19 endemic) in China. Corylopsis calcicola C. Y. Wu (Fl. Yunnan. 1: 126. 1977) was described from NE Yunnan (Zhenxiong Xian), but the present authors have seen no specimens. 1a. Ovary superior, free from floral cup, capsule separated from persistent floral cups. 2a. Floral cup, ovary and leaves abaxially stellately pubescent ...... 3. C. stelligera 2b. Floral cup and ovary glabrous, leaves glabrous or abaxially pubescent along veins. 3a. Petals narrowly spatulate, 6–7 mm; styles as long as petals ...... 1. C. henryi 3b. Petals broadly spatulate, 3–4 mm; styles less than 1/2 as long as petals ...... 2. C. brevistyla 1b. Ovary semi-inferior, connate with floral cup. 4a. Flowers shortly pedicellate, petals narrowly oblanceolate to spatulate, 1.5–2 mm wide; capsule 12–20 mm, with conspicuously thick pedicel; buds gray-white tomentose ...... 4. C. multiflora 4b. Flowers sessile, petals obovate or axelike, 3–4 mm wide; capsules 6–9 mm; buds mostly glabrous, occasionally pubescent (tomentose in C. rotundifolia). 5a. Disk scales undivided. 6a. Inflorescences 2–5-flowered ...... 5. C. pauciflora 6b. Inflorescences 10 or more-flowered. 7a. Leaf blade obovate, 3.5–5.5 cm, apex rounded; stipules 0.5–0.7 cm ...... 6. C. alnifolia 7b. Leaf blade ovate or broadly ovate, 6–10 cm, apex shortly acute; stipules 2–3 cm ...... 7. C. platypetala 5b. Disk scales 2-lobed. 8a. Floral cup and ovary stellately pubescent. 9a. Infructescences 8–9 cm, usually with 25–40 capsules, leaf blade with 10–12 lateral veins on each side ...... 12. C. trabeculosa 9b. Infructescences 3–6 cm, usually with less than 25 capsules; leaf blade with 6–9 lateral veins on each side. 10a. Styles 5–7 mm, as long as or longer than petals. 11a. Stamens shorter than petals; basal bracts of inflorescences 0.8–1 cm, abaxially pubescent ...... 8. C. sinensis 11b. Stamens longer than petals; basal bracts of inflorescences 1–1.3 cm, abaxially glabrous ...... 9. C. veitchiana 10b. Styles 1–2.5 mm, shorter than petals. 12a. Leaf blade abaxially pubescent only along nerves; petiole ca. 1 cm; petals 6–7 × 4–5 mm; stamens 4–5 mm; styles 2–2.5 mm ...... 10. C. yunnanensis 12b. Leaf blade abaxially densely tomentose; petiole 1.5–2 cm; petals 3–4 × 3–4 mm; stamens ca. 3 mm; styles 1–1.5 mm ...... 11. C. velutina 8b. Floral cup and ovary glabrous. 13a. Leaf blade abaxially pubescent, at least along nerves. 14a. Styles 4–5 mm; petals 5–6 mm; peduncle almost glabrous ...... 16. C. glandulifera 14b. Styles 1–3 mm; petals 2–3 mm; peduncle pubescent. 15a. Young branches and buds glabrous; capsule globose ...... 15. C. microcarpa 15b. Young branches and buds pubescent or tomentose; capsule ovoid. HAMAMELIDACEAE

16a. Leaves circular or oblate; styles 1.2–1.5 mm ...... 13. C. rotundifolia 16b. Leaves obovate; persistent styles 2–3 mm ...... 14. C. obovata 13b. Leaf blade abaxially glabrous or pubescent only along nerves when young. 17a. Peduncle 5–7 cm, flowers and capsules pedicellate, laxly arranged ...... 20. C. yui 17b. Peduncle 2–4 cm, flowers and capsules sessile, densely arranged. 18a. Petals oblanceolate, 1.5–1.7 mm wide; leaf blade abaxially pale gray ...... 17. C. glaucescens 18b. Petals obovate, 2–3 mm wide; leaf blade abaxially green. 19a. Petals, stamens and styles 3 mm or more; leaf blade abaxially pubescent along nerves, apex acute ...... 18. C. willmottiae 19b. Petals, stamens and styles 1.5–2 mm; leaf blade abaxially glabrous, apex emarginate or truncate, ...... 19. C. omeiensis 1. Corylopsis henryi Hemsley, Hooker’s Icon. 29: Pl.: t. 2819. 3. Corylopsis stelligera Guillaumin, Notul. Syst. (Paris) 3: 25. 1906. 1914. 鄂西蜡瓣花 e xi la ban hua 星毛蜡瓣花 xing mao la ban hua Shrubs; branchlets gray-brown, glabrous, minutely lenti- Shrubs or small trees; young branches gray-brown, pubes- cellate; terminal buds ellipsoid, 0.8–1 cm, glabrous. Stipules cent, lenticellate; terminal buds ellipsoid, 1.5–2 cm, glabrous. oblong, 18–20 mm, glabrous; petiole 8–10 mm, puberulent; leaf Petiole ca. 10 mm, stellately pubescent; leaf blade obovate or blade obovate-rounded, 6–8 × 4–6 cm, abaxially pale gray- obovate-elliptic, 5–12 × 3–7 cm, abaxially stellately pubescent brown, sparsely pubescent or glabrescent along veins, adaxially at least along veins, adaxially puberulent along veins, base cor- drying green, glabrous, base cordate, asymmetrical, margin sin- date, asymmetrical, margin serrate above middle of leaf, teeth uate-serrate, teeth mucronate, apex acute, lateral veins 8–10 on mucronate, apex acute; lateral veins 7 or 8 on each side, the 2 each side, the 2 lowermost with obscure tertiary veins at 90° to lowermost with tertiary veins. Inflorescence 3–4 cm, 5–6 cm in lateral veins. Inflorescence 3–4.5 cm, 5–6 cm in fruit; peduncle fruit; peduncle ca. 1 cm, with 2 or 3 basal leaves; basal bracts of ca. 1.5 cm, pubescent, with 1 or 2 basal leaves; floral bract inflorescences (stipules of reduced leaves) 5 or 6, scalelike, ovate, ca. 7 mm, abaxially glabrous; bracteoles oblong, 4–5 ovate, 1–1.3 cm, abaxially glabrous, adaxially villous; floral mm, abaxially glabrous. Floral cup glabrous. Sepals ovate, apex bracts ovate, 3–4 mm, tomentose on both surfaces; bracteoles rounded. Petals narrowly spatulate, 6–7 × 3–3.5 mm. Stamens oblong-lanceolate, 1.5–2 mm, pubescent. Floral cup stellately 5–7 mm; disk scales 2-lobed, apex acute, shorter than sepals. Ovary superior, glabrous; styles 5–6 mm, somewhat longer than pubescent. Sepals ovate, glabrous, apex rounded. Petals spatu- stamens. Capsules 6–7 mm. Seeds 4–5 mm. Fl. Apr–Jun, fr. late, ca. 5 mm. Stamens ca. 6 mm, exserted from corolla; disk Jul–Sep. scales acute, 2-lobed, subequal to sepals. Ovary superior, stellately pubescent; styles as long as stamens. Capsules 6–7 mm, ● Forests; ca. 1000 m. W Hubei, E Sichuan. stellately pubescent, with persistent styles. Seeds ovoid-ellip- 2. Corylopsis brevistyla H. T. Chang, Sunyatsenia 7: 71. 1948. soid, 3–4 mm. Fl. Apr–Jun, fr. Jun–Aug. 短柱蜡瓣花 duan zhu la ban hua ● Forests; ca. 1300 m. SW China. Shrubs; young branches glabrous, with minute, white 4. Corylopsis multiflora Hance, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., sér. 4, 15: lenticels; buds narrowly ovoid, 8–10 mm, glabrous, scales 224. 1861. ovate. Stipules narrowly oblong, 13–15 × 3–4 mm, abaxially 瑞木 rui mu villous, adaxially glabrous; petiole 5–10 mm, glabrous; leaf blade obovate or obovate-rounded, 3–7 × 2.5–5 cm, abaxially Shrubs or small trees, sometimes semievergreen; young drying grayish, initially villous along veins, glabrescent, adax- branches tomentose or glabrous; older growth gray-brown, gla- ially drying dark green, base almost symmetrical, cordate, mar- brescent, minutely lenticellate; buds gray-white tomentose. gin serrate above middle of leaf, teeth mucronate, apex obtuse Stipules oblong, 18–20 mm, petiole 10–15 mm; leaf blade and mucronate or acute; lateral veins 6–8 on each side. Inflo- ovate, obovate, obovate-elliptic, or almostly circular, 5–15 × 4– rescence 1.5–2 cm, 14–18-flowered, peduncle ca. 1 cm, tomen- 8 cm, abaxially glabrous or stellately pubescent at least along tose, with 1 or 2 basal leaves; involucral bracts 4–5, scalelike, veins, base almost symmetrical, cordate, margin serrate, teeth ovate-rounded, 1–1.2 cm, abaxially pubescent with yellow- mucronate, apex acute or acuminate; lateral veins 7–9 on each brown hairs, adaxially villous; floral bract ovate, 3–4 mm, side, the 2 lowermost with obscure tertiary veins. Inflorescence pubescent; bracteoles oblong, 1.2–1.5 mm. Floral cup glabrous. 2–4 cm, 5–6 cm in fruit; peduncle and general bracts glabrous Sepals nearly rounded, equal to floral cup. Petals broadly spat- or pubescent, with 1–5 basal leaves. Pedicel 1–2 mm. Floral ulate, 3–4 × 2–3 mm, base clawed. Stamens 2.5–3 mm; disk cup glabrous. Sepals ovate, 1–1.5 mm. Petals oblanceolate or scales 2-parted, apex obtuse, somewhat shorter than sepals. narrowly so, 3–5 × 1–2 mm. Stamens 4–7 mm; disk scales not Ovary superior, glabrous; styles 1–1.5 mm. Capsules 5–6 mm, lobed, apex truncate, subequal to sepals. Ovary semi-inferior, glabrous; persistent styles ca. 1 mm. Seeds 3–4 mm. Fl. Apr– glabrous; styles slightly shorter than stamens. Jun, fr. Jul–Aug. ● Forests, slopes, roadsides; 1000–1500 m. Fujian, Guangdong, ● Forests; ca. 1200 m. NW and NE Yunnan. Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Taiwan, Yunnan. HAMAMELIDACEAE

1a. Young branches tomentose; leaves abaxially 6. Corylopsis alnifolia (H. Léveillé) C. K. Schneider, Repert. stellately pubescent; peduncles pubescent; Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 12: 379. 1913. stamens 6–7 mm ...... 4a. var. multiflora 桤叶蜡瓣花 qi ye la ban hua 1b. Young branches, leaves and peduncles glabrous; stamens 4 mm ...... 4b. var. nivea Berchemia alnifolia H. Léveillé, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 10: 433. 1912. 4a. Corylopsis multiflora var. multiflora Shrubs, to 2 m tall; young branches dark gray, glabrous, 瑞木(原变种) rui mu (yuan bian zhong) older growth lenticellate; buds narrowly ovoid-globose, gla- Corylopsis cavaleriei H. Léveillé; C. cordata Merrill ex H. brous. Stipules oblong-ovate, 5–7 mm, glabrous; petiole 10–15 L. Li; C. multiflora var. cordata (Merrill ex H. L. Li) H. T. mm, glabrous; leaf blade obovate-rounded or almost circular, Chang; C. multiflora var. parvifolia H. T. Chang; C. steno- 3.5–5.5 × 3–5 cm, thinly leathery, abaxially pubescent along petala Hayata; C. wilsonii Hemsley. veins, adaxially glabrous, base asymmetrical, cordate, margin serrate above middle of leaf, teeth mucronate, apex rounded and Young branches tomentose. Leaf blade obovate, obovate- mucronate; lateral veins 7 or 8 on each side, the 2 lowermost elliptic, or almost circular, 7–15 × 4–8 cm, abaxially drying with faint tertiary veins. Inflorescence 3–4 cm, 10–12-flowered; gray-white, stellately pubescent at least along veins, adaxially peduncle 1.2–1.5 cm, glabrous; basal bracts of inflorescences pubescent along veins. Peduncle pubescent; general bracts 1.5– and floral bracts caducous. Floral cup 1 mm, glabrous. Sepals 2 cm, abaxially pubescent with gray-white hairs; bracts ovate, broadly ovate, as long as floral cup, glabrous. Petals and sta- 6–7 mm, pubescent; bracteole 1, oblong, ca. 5 mm, pubescent. mens not seen. Disk scales shorter than sepals, not lobed, apex Petals oblanceolate, 4–5 × 1.5–2 mm. Stamens 6–7 mm, ex- obtuse or subemarginate. Ovary adnate to floral cup, glabrous; serted from corolla. Capsules sessile, hard woody, 12–20 × 8– styles 2–3 mm. Capsules 6–7 mm, glabrous. Fl. May–Jul, fr. 14 mm; pericarp thick, glabrous. Seeds 8–10 mm. Fl. Apr–Jun, Jul–Sep. fr. Jun–Sep. ● Forests and roadsides; 1000–1200 m. Guizhou. ● Forests; ca. 1500 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Taiwan, Yunnan. 7. Corylopsis platypetala Rehder & E. H. Wilson in Sargent, Pl. Wilson. 1: 426. 1913. 4b. Corylopsis multiflora var. nivea H. T. Chang, Acta Sci. Nat. Univ. Sunyatsen. 1960(1): 36. 1960. 阔蜡瓣花 kuo la ban hua 白背瑞木 bai bei rui mu Corylopsis platypetala var. levis Rehder & E. H. Wilson. Young branches glabrous. Leaf blade ovate, 5–11 × 4–6.5 Shrubs, to 2.5 m tall; young branches sometimes glandular cm, abaxially glaucous, glabrous. Peduncle and basal bracts of pubescent, older growth gray-brown, glabrescent, lenticellate; inflorescences abaxially glabrous; floral bract and bracteoles buds glabrous. Stipules oblong or oblong-lanceolate, 20–30 sparsely pubescent. Petals narrowly oblanceolate, ca. 3 × 1–1.5 mm, apex acute, abaxially glabrous, adaxially villous; petiole mm. Stamens 3–4 mm. Capsules not seen. Fl. May. 12–15 mm, sometimes glandular pubescent; leaf blade ovate or ● Slopes, roadsides; ca. 1000 m. N Fujian (Chong’an Xian). broadly ovate, 7–10 × 4–7 cm, villous on both surfaces, glabrescent, base symmetrical or asymmetrical, cordate, margin 5. Corylopsis pauciflora Siebold & Zuccarini, Fl. Jap. 1: 48. serrate, teeth mucronate, apex short acute; lateral veins 6–10 on 1835. each side, the 2 lowermost with tertiary veins. Inflorescence 2– 少花瑞木 shao hua la ban hua 2.5 cm, 8–20-flowered; peduncle 1.5–2 cm, subglabrous; basal bracts of inflorescences caducous; floral bracts oblong, 4–5 Corylopsis matsudae Kanehira & Sasaki. mm, sparsely pubescent; bracteoles caducous. Floral cup gla- Shrubs; young branches and terminal buds glabrous. Peti- brous. Sepals ovate, glabrous, apex obtuse. Petals axelike, 3–4 ole 5–10 mm, slender, pubescent; leaf blade ovate-elliptic or × ca. 4 mm, base shortly clawed. Stamens somewhat shorter broadly ovate, 3–6.5 × 2–3.5 cm, abaxially villous along lateral than petals; disk scales not lobed, shorter than sepals. Ovary veins, adaxially glabrous, base somewhat asymmetrical, round- semi-inferior, glabrous; styles shorter than stamens. Capsules ed or subcordate, margin serrate above middle of leaf, teeth 7–9 mm, glabrous. Seeds 4–5 mm. Fl. Apr–Jul, fr. Jul–Sep. mucronate, apex acute; lateral veins 6–8 on each side, the 2 ● Montane forests; 1300–2600 m. Anhui, Hubei, Sichuan. lowermost with obscure tertiary veins. Inflorescence 1–2 cm, 8. Corylopsis sinensis Hemsley, Gard. Chron., ser. 3, 39: 18. 2–5-flowered; peduncle short, glabrous; general bracts ovate- 1906. rounded, 0.8–1 cm, abaxially glabrous; floral bract broadly ovate, 7–8 mm, glabrous; bracteoles somewhat shorter than 蜡瓣花 la ban hua bract. Floral cup glabrous. Sepals triangular, glabrous, apex ob- Corylopsis sinensis var. parvifolia H. T. Chang; C. spicata tuse. Petals broadly obovate, 6–7 mm. Stamens 5–6 mm; disk Hemsley. scales not lobed, apex truncate. Ovary glabrous; styles 5–6 mm. Capsule 6–8 mm, glabrous. Fl. May–Jul, fr. Jul–Sep. Shrubs; young branches and buds pubescent or glabrous. Stipules narrowly oblong, ca. 20 mm, sparsely pubescent; peti- Slopes and forests; 200–300 m. Taiwan [Japan]. ole 5–10 mm, stellately tomentose; leaf blade obovate, obovate- HAMAMELIDACEAE

rounded, broadly ovate or oblong-obovate, 3–9 × 2–6 cm, cal, cordate, margin serrate, teeth mucronate, apex acute; lateral abaxially gray-brown stellately pubescent to glabrous, adaxially veins 6–8 on each side, the 2 lowermost with tertiary veins. glabrous or pubescent along veins, base asymmetrical, cordate Inflorescence 3–4 cm, 5–6 cm in fruit; peduncle 1–1.2 cm, or subtruncate, margin serrate, teeth mucronate, apex obtuse, pubescent, with 1 or 2 basal leaves; basal bracts of inflores- acute, or acuminate; lateral veins 7–9 on each side, the 2 lower- cences 2–4, ovate-rounded, 1–1.3 cm, abaxially pubescent; most with obscure tertiary veins. Inflorescence 3–4 cm, 3–6 cm floral bracts ovate, 5–6 mm, tomentose; bracteoles oblong, pu- in fruit; peduncle 1.2–1.5 cm, pubescent; basal bracts of inflo- bescent. Floral cup stellately pubescent. Sepals ovate, pubes- rescences ovate-rounded, 0.8–1 cm, abaxially pubescent, adaxi- cent, ciliate, apex rounded. Petals spatulate, 5–6 × 3–4 mm. Sta- ally villous; floral bracts ovate, 4–5 mm, pubescent; bracteoles mens slightly exserted from corolla; anthers red-brown; disk oblong, 2–3 mm. Floral cup stellately pubescent. Sepals ovate, scales 2-lobed, apex acute, slightly longer than floral cup. glabrous, apex subobtuse. Petals spatulate, 5–6 × 3–4 mm. Ovary adnate to floral cup, stellately tomentose; styles 5–6 mm. Stamens 4–5 mm; disk scales 2-lobed, apex acute, nearly equal Capsules 7–8 mm, stellately pubescent. Seeds 4–5 mm. Fl. to sepals. Ovary stellately pubescent; styles 6–7 mm, base Apr–Jun, fr. Jun–Aug. pubescent. Capsules 10–14 × 7–9 mm, stellately pubescent. ● Forests; ca. 1200 m. Anhui, Hubei, E Sichuan. Seeds 4–5 mm. 10. Corylopsis yunnanensis Diels, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. ● Forests, mountains; 1000–1500 m. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Edinburgh 5: 226. 1912. Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Zhejiang. 滇蜡瓣花 1a. Young branches and buds pubescent; leaf dian la ban hua blade obovate or obovate-rounded, Shrubs, to 3 m tall; young branches drying grayish, abaxially gray-brown stellately tomentose, older growth dark brown, glabrescent, lenticellate; pubescent ...... 8a. var. sinensis buds oblong, glabrous. Stipules oblong, glabrous; petiole 10–12 1b. Young branches and buds glabrous; leaf mm, pubescent; leaf blade obovate-rounded, 5–8 × 3–6 cm, blade broadly ovate or oblong- abaxially gray, stellately pubescent at least along veins, adax- obovate, abaxially glabrous or ially drying dark green, glabrescent, base asymmetrical, cor- pubescent only along veins ...... 8b. var. calvescens date, margin serrate, teeth short mucronate, apex rounded with 8a. Corylopsis sinensis var. sinensis a deltoid mucro; lateral veins 8 on each side, the 2 lowermost with obscure tertiary veins. Inflorescence 1.5–2.5 cm, 3.5–4.5 蜡瓣花原变种 ( ) la ban hua (yuan bian zhong) cm in fruit; peduncle 1–1.2 cm, brown tomentose, with 2 basal Young branches and buds pubescent. Leaf blade obovate leaves; basal bracts of inflorescences ovate-rounded, 1–1.8 cm, or obovate-rounded, abaxially gray-brown stellately pubescent, abaxially glabrous; floral bracts ovate-rounded, ca. 6 mm, adaxially glabrous or pubescent only along veins, base asym- pubescent; bracteoles lanceolate, 3–4 mm, pubescent. Floral metrical, cordate, apex subacute or obtuse. Fl. May–Jul, fr. Jul– cup stellately pubescent. Sepals triangular-ovate, tomentose, Sep. apex subacute. Petals spatulate, 6–7 × ca. 5 mm. Stamens 4–5 mm; disk scales 2-lobed, apex truncate or obtuse, shorter than ● Forests, mountains; 1000–1500 m. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, floral cup. Ovary stellately pubescent; styles 2–2.5 mm, base Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Zhejiang. pubescent. Capsules 6–7 mm, stellately pubescent; persistent 8b. Corylopsis sinensis var. calvescens Rehder & E. H. Wil- styles 1.8–2 mm, apex somewhat curved. Seeds 4–5 mm. Fl. son in Sargent, Pl. Wilson. 1: 424. 1913. Apr–Jun, fr. Jun–Aug. 秃蜡瓣花 tu la ban hua ● Forests; ca. 1500 m. NW Yunnan (Dali Xian). Young branches and buds glabrous. Leaf blade broadly 11. Corylopsis velutina Handel-Mazzetti, Anz. Akad. Wiss. ovate or oblong-obovate, abaxially glabrous or pubescent only Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 62: 130. 1925. along veins, adaxially glabrous, base asymmetrical, cordate or 绒毛蜡瓣花 rong mao la ban hua subtruncate, apex acute or acuminate. Fl. Apr–Jul, fr. Jul–Sep. Shrubs, to 3 m tall; young branches tomentose, glabre- ● Mountains; 1000–1500 m. Guangdong, Guangxi, NE Guizhou, scent, older growth gray-brown, white lenticellate; buds elliptic, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan. glabrous. Stipules oblong, 15–20 mm, apex rounded, abaxially 9. Corylopsis veitchiana Bean, Bot. Mag. 136: t. 8349. 1910. pubescent, adaxially villous; petiole 15–20 mm, pubescent; leaf blade ovate-rounded or elliptic, 5–9 × 3–5.5 cm, abaxially stel- 红药蜡瓣花 hong yao la ban hua lately pubescent with brown hairs, villous along veins, adaxially Corylopsis sinensis Hemsley f. veitchiana (Bean) B. D. drying pale green, base asymmetrical, cordate, margin serrate, Morley & J. M. Chao. teeth short mucronate, apex subacute; lateral veins 8 or 9 on each side, the 2 lowermost with obscure tertiary veins. Inflo- Shrubs; young branches glabrous, older growth dark rescence 3–4 cm, 4–6 cm in fruit; peduncle 0.8–1 cm, densely brown, lenticellate; buds ellipsoid, pubescent. Stipules oblong- tomentose, with 2 or 3 basal leaves; basal bracts of inflo- lanceolate, 22–25 mm; petiole 5–8 mm, glabrous; leaf blade rescences rounded, 1–1.2 cm, pubescent; floral bracts tomen- obovate or elliptic, 5–10 × 3–6 cm, abaxially grayish, glabrous tose; bracteoles lanceolate, tomentose. Floral cup pubescent. or pubescent along veins, adaxially glabrous, base asymmetri- Sepals ovate, 0.8–1 mm, glabrous or ciliate. Petals spatulate, 3– HAMAMELIDACEAE

4 × 3–4 mm. Stamens 2–3 mm; disk scales linear, 2-lobed. mm, apex rounded. Petals broadly obovate, 2–3 × 2–2.5 mm, Ovary tomentose; styles 1.2–1.5 mm. Capsules 6–8 mm, to- base shortly clawed. Stamens 1.5–2 mm; disk scales 2-lobed, mentose; persistent styles very short. Seeds 4–5 mm. Fl. Apr– shorter than sepals, apex obtuse. Ovary glabrous; styles 1.2–1.5 Jun, fr. Jun–Aug. mm; stigmas slightly expanded. Capsules 10–17, 5–6 mm in ● Montane forests; 1000–1200 m. SW Sichuan. diam. Seeds 3–3.5 mm. Fl. Mar–May, fr. Jun–Aug. ● Montane forests; ca. 1200 m. Chongqing (Nanchuan Xian), N 12. Corylopsis trabeculosa He & Cheng, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Guizhou (Yinjiang Xian). Biol., n.s., 1: 192. 1948. 14. Corylopsis obovata H. T. Chang, Sunyatsenia 7: 72. 1948. 俅江蜡瓣花 qui jiang la ban hua 黔蜡瓣花 qian la ban hua Shrubs or small trees, 2.5–5 m high. Young branches and petioles densely villous and glandular pubescent; buds ovoid- Shrubs; young branches stellately pubescent with brown conical, pale green, borne at apex of short shoots. Leaf blade hairs, older growth glabrescent; buds narrowly ovoid, gray pu- with 10–12 lateral veins on each side. Inflorescence 3–8 cm bescent. Stipules oblong-lanceolate, 10–12 mm, abaxially gray long, densely 20–40-flowered; rachis with dense yellow silky pubescent, adaxially villous; petiole 10–15 mm, pubescent; leaf hairs; basal bracts of inflorescences involucrelike at anthesis, blades obovate or obovate-rounded, 4–6 × 3.5–4 cm, mem- usually 4, bright yellow, slightly patent, broadly elliptic or branous, abaxially stellately pubescent with brown hairs, villous oblong, 2–2.8 × 1.2–1.5 cm, base attenuate, margin entire, apex along veins, adaxially drying dark green, glabrous, base obtuse slightly obtuse or acute, membranous, both surfaces and margin or subrounded, margin serrulate above middle of leaf, apex yellow sericeous, glabrescent; floral bracts yellow, oblong or rounded or truncate and mucronate; lateral veins 7 or 8 on each ovate, obtuse or acute at apex, sometimes 3-lobed, the lower side, the 2 lowermost with obscure tertiary veins. Flowers not lobe 14–16 × 8–10 mm, sericeous on both sides, the upper seen. Infructescence terminal on shoots, 4–5 cm; fruiting pe- lobes shorter and smaller; bracteoles lanceolate or linear, 4–6 × duncle 1.8–2 cm, villous, with 1–3 basal leaves. Capsules 15– 1–1.5 mm, sericeous, apex acuminate. Floral cup densely 20, densely arranged, 6–7 mm, glabrous; persistent styles 2–3 sericeous. Sepals unequal in size, triangular or lanceolate, 0.5– mm. Fr. Aug. 1.5 mm; petals oblong-spatulate or ovate-spatulate, obviously ● Forests; 1000–1200 m. Chongqing (Youyang Xian), E Guizhou. unequal in size, 4–8 × 2.5–4.5 mm, margin entire or irregularly undulate, apex obtuse. Stamens 5, anthers yellow, ovoid, 0.5– 15. Corylopsis microcarpa H. T. Chang, Acta Sci. Nat. Univ. 0.8 mm long, filaments yellow-green, filiform, 1.8–2.2 mm Sunyatsen. 1960(1): 38. 1960. long, inflated at base; disk scales 5, red, nearly 2-parted to base, 小果蜡瓣花 xiao guo la ban hua lobes 10, 0.5–0.6 mm long, club-shaped, apex obtuse. Ovary ovoid, densely sericeous; style 1.5–2 mm long, stigmas green, Shrubs, to 4 m tall; young branches slender, glabrous, 2-parted to near base, upper part divergent, slightly curved. older growth drying dark brown, minutely lenticellate; buds Infructescences 8–9 cm, usually with 25–40 capsules. Fl. Jan– ovoid-globose, glabrous. Stipules narrowly rounded, 15–17 Mar, fr. May–Sep. mm, adaxially densely pubescent, base abaxially villous; petiole 5–8 mm, slender, glabrescent; leaf blade obovate or obovate- ● Valleys, slopes, thickets, evergreen broad-leaved forests; 1300– rounded, 3–7 × 2–4 cm, membranous, abaxially stellately pu- 2000 m. NW Yunnan (Gongshan Xian). bescent, villous along veins, adaxially drying dark green, gla- The leaves and fruits of this species are imperfectly known. brescent, base slightly asymmetrical, subcordate or rounded, margin serrate above middle of leaf, teeth minutely mucronate, 13. Corylopsis rotundifolia H. T. Chang, Acta Sci. Nat. Univ. apex acute; lateral veins 8–10 on each side, the 2 lowermost Sunyatsen. 1960(1): 37. 1960. with obscure tertiary veins. Inflorescence 4–4.5 cm; peduncle 圆叶蜡瓣花 yuan ye la ban hua pubescent, with 1 or 2 basal leaves; floral bracts ovate, 1.8–2 mm, adaxially tomentose. Flowers subsessile. Floral cup 1.8–2 Shrubs, 2–3 m tall; young branches tomentose with mm, glabrous. Sepals 0.8–1 mm. Petals obovate, 2–3 mm. Sta- yellow-brown hairs, older growth drying brown, glabrescent, mens 1.5–2 mm; staminodes 2-lobed. Ovary glabrous; styles minutely lenticellate; buds narrowly ovoid, tomentose. Stipules less than 1 mm. Capsules minute, 4–5 mm, glabrous. Seeds 2–3 oblong, 8–13 × 4–5 mm, pubescent with yellow-brown hairs on mm. Fl. Mar–May, fr. Jun–Aug. both surfaces; petiole 7–12 mm, tomentose; leaf blades rounded or subrounded, 4–8 cm in diam., membranous, abaxially sparse- ● Mountains; 800–1400 m. S Gansu (Wen Xian), N Sichuan ly pubescent, villous along veins, adaxially drying green, pu- (Songpan Xian). bescent along veins, base subsymmetrical, cordate, margin ser- 16. Corylopsis glandulifera Hemsley, Hooker’s Icon. Pl. 29: t. rate, teeth mucronate, ca. 1 mm, apex rounded and mucronate; 2818. 1906. lateral veins 6–9 on each side, the 2 lowermost with obscure 腺蜡瓣花 xian la ban hua tertiary veins. Inflorescence terminal on shoots, to 4.5 cm in fruit; peduncle ca. 1.5 cm, tomentose, with 2 or 3 basal leaves; Corylopsis glandulifera var. hypoglauca (Cheng) H. T. basal bracts of inflorescences 4–6, ovate-rounded, 1.2–1.5 × 1– Chang; C. hypoglauca Cheng; C. hypoglauca var. glaucescens 1.2 cm, brown tomentose on both surfaces; floral bracts ovate, Cheng; C. sinensis Hemsley var. glandulifera (Hemsley) Reher 3–4 mm, pubescent; bracteoles oblong, 2–3 mm, pubescent. & E. H. Wilson; C. willmottiae Rehder & E. H. Wilson var. Floral cup 1.2–1.5 mm, glabrous. Sepals ovate-rounded, 0.8–1 chekiangensis Cheng. HAMAMELIDACEAE

Shrubs, to 3 m tall; young branches glabrous, older growth clawed. Stamens 2.5–3 mm; disk scales 2-lobed, apex acute. drying gray-brown, lenticellate; buds narrowly ovoid, glabrous. Ovary glabrous; styles 3–4 mm. Capsules 7–8 mm, more than Stipules narrowly oblong, 12–15 mm, glabrous; petiole 6–10 1/2 enclosed in persistent floral cup, persistent styles obliquely mm, pubescent; leaf blade obovate or obovate-rounded, 5–8 × patent or slightly curved downward. Seeds ca. 4 mm. Fl. Mar– 3.5–5.5 cm, abaxially sometimes gray-white, stellately pubes- Jun, fr. Jun–Aug. cent, adaxially glabrous, base asymmetrical, subcordate or sub- ● Forests; ca. 1200 m. W Sichuan. rounded, margin serrate above middle of leaf, apex subacute; lateral veins 6–8 on each side, the 2 lowermost with tertiary 19. Corylopsis omeiensis X. J. Yang, Contr. Biol. Lab. Sci. veins. Inflorescence terminal on shoots, 4–6 cm in fruit; pe- Soc. China, Bot. Ser., 12: 133. 1947. duncle 0.8–1.3 cm, glabrous or pubescent at flower bases, with 峨眉蜡瓣花 e mei la ban hua 1 or 2 basal leaves; basal bracts of inflorescences subrounded, 0.8–1 cm, abaxially glabrous, adaxially villous; floral bracts Shrubs, to 3 m tall; young branches slender, glabrous, ovate-rounded, 3–4 mm, sparsely pubescent; bracteoles oblong, older growth drying dark brown, sparsely minutely lenticellate; 3–4 mm, sparsely pubescent. Floral cup glabrous. Sepals ovate, buds narrowly ovoid, ca. 1 cm, glabrous. Leaves glabrous; glabrous, apex subobtuse. Petals spatulate, 5–6 × 3–4 mm. stipules oblong-lanceolate, 12–17 mm, membranous; petiole Stamens 4–5 mm; disk scales 2-parted, equal to floral cup, apex 10–18 mm, glabrous; leaf blade obovate-rounded or obovate- acute. Ovary glabrous; styles as long as petals. Capsules 6–8 elliptic, 4–8 × 2.5–5.5 cm, membranous, abaxially gray-white, mm, glabrous. Seeds 3–4 mm. Fl. Mar–May, fr. Jun–Aug. glabrous, adaxially drying green, base asymmetrical, cordate, ● Slopes, roadsides; ca. 1300 m. Anhui, Jiangxi, Zhejiang. margin entire or serrate above middle of leaf, teeth obscurely mucronate, apex obcordate or truncate; lateral veins 6 or 7 on 17. Corylopsis glaucescens Handel-Mazzetti, Anz. Akad. Wiss. each side, the 2 lowermost with obscure tertiary veins. Inflo- Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 62: 130. 1925. rescence terminal on shoots, 12–16-flowered; peduncle 1–1.5 怒江蜡瓣花 nu jiang la ban hua cm, glabrous, with 2 basal leaves, basal bracts of inflorescences elliptic, 1–1.2 × 0.6–0.7 cm, abaxially glabrous, adaxially Corylopsis polyneura H. L. Li. villous; floral bracts ovate-rounded, 2–3 mm, glabrous; bracte- Shrubs or small trees; young branches glabrous, older oles 1.2–1.5 mm, glabrous. Floral cup less than 1 mm, glabrous. growth drying gray-brown, minutely lenticellate; buds narrowly Sepals shorter than floral cup, apex rounded. Petals spatulate, ovoid, 1–1.5 cm, glabrous. Petiole 10–20 mm, glabrous; leaf ca. 2 × 1.5 mm, base very shortly clawed. Stamens 1.5–2 mm; blade ovate-rounded or obovate-rounded, 5–12 × 4–8 cm, abax- disk scales 2-lobed, apex obtuse or truncate. Ovary glabrous; ially drying gray-white, glabrescent, adaxially drying green, styles 1.2–1.5 mm. Capsules 5–6 mm. Seeds 2.5–3 mm. Fl. sparsely villous along veins, base asymmetrical, cordate, mar- Mar–Jun, fr. Jun–Aug. gin serrate, teeth mucronate, apex acute; lateral veins 8 or 9 on ● Montane forests; ca. 1500 m. SW Guizhou (Pan Xian), C each side, the 2 lowermost with tertiary veins. Inflorescence Sichuan (Emei Shan). terminal on shoots, 4–5 cm, 5–7 cm in fruit; peduncle 1–2 cm, with 1 or 2 basal leaves. Floral cup glabrous. Sepals shorter 20. Corylopsis yui Hu & W. C. Cheng, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. than floral cup, apex rounded. Petals oblanceolate, 3–4 × 1.5– Biol., n.s., 1: 193. 1948. 1.7 mm. Disk scales 2-lobed, apex obtuse. Ovary glabrous; 长穗蜡瓣花 chang sui la ban hua styles 2–3 mm. Capsules 6–7 mm, glabrous. Seeds narrowly ovoid, 4–5 mm. Fl. Apr–Jun, fr. Jun–Aug. Shrubs, 3–5 m tall; young branches pubescent with gray- ● Forests; 1700–3000 m. NW Yunnan. brown hairs, older growth drying dark brown, lenticellate; buds narrowly ovoid, 1–1.2 cm, gray pubescent. Stipules narrowly 18. Corylopsis willmottiae Rehder & E. H. Wilson in Sargent, oblong, 16–18 × 3–4 mm, abaxially gray pubescent, adaxially Pl. Wilson. 1: 425. 1913. villous; petiole 8–17 mm, pubescent; leaf blade obovate or obo- 四川蜡瓣花 si chuan la ban hua vate-rounded, 7–13 × 4–10 cm, membranous, abaxially pubescent, adaxially drying green, glabrous, base asymmetrical, sub- Shrubs or small trees, to 5 m tall; young branches slender, cordate or rounded, margin serrate, teeth distinctly mucronate, glabrous, older growth drying gray-brown, minutely white len- apex acute; lateral veins 8–11 on each side, the 2 lowermost ticellate; buds narrowly ovoid, glabrous. Stipules purple, narr- with tertiary veins. Inflorescence terminal on shoots, 9–12 cm owly oblong, 12–20 mm; petiole 10–15 mm; glabrous; leaf in fruit, 11–17-flowered; peduncle 1–1.5 cm, villous, with 1 or blade obovate or broadly so, 4–9 × 2–6 cm, abaxially gla- 2 basal leaves, basal bracts of inflorescences 4 or 5, ovate, ca. brescent, adaxially glabrous, base asymmetrical, subcordate or 1.2 cm, abaxially pubescent, adaxially villous; floral bracts rounded, margin serrate, teeth obscurely mucronate, apex short ovate, 4–5 mm, tomentose; bracteoles lanceolate, tomentose. acute; lateral veins 7–9 on each side, the 2 lowermost with Flowers pedicellate. Floral cup 1.2–1.5 mm, glabrous. Sepals obscure tertiary veins. Inflorescence terminal on shoots, 4–5 cm ovate-rounded, 1.5–2 mm, glabrous. Petals and stamens not in fruit, 12–20-flowered; peduncle 1–2 cm, tomentose, with 1–3 seen. Disk scales 2-lobed, 0.8–1 mm, apex acute. Ovary gla- basal leaves, basal bracts of inflorescences ovate-rounded, 1– brous; styles 1–1.5 mm. Capsules 9–16, shortly pedicellate, 7–8 1.5 cm, abaxially glabrous; floral bracts 6–8 × 3–4 mm; mm, glabrous; persistent styles 1.2–1.5 mm. Seeds 3–4 mm. Fl. bracteoles ovate, 2–3 × 1.5–2 mm, pubescent on both surfaces. Mar–Jun, fr. Jun–Aug. Floral cup glabrous. Sepals ovate, 1.2–1.5 mm, glabrous, apex rounded. Petals broadly obovate, 3–4 × 2.5–3 mm, base shortly ● Forests; 2700–3000 m. NW Yunnan. HAMAMELIDACEAE

17. FORTUNEARIA Rehder & E. H. Wilson in Sargent, Pl. Wilson. 1: 427. 1913. 牛鼻栓属 niu bi shuan shu Shrubs or small trees, deciduous; branchlets with 2 prophylls, stellately pubescent. Leaves petiolate; stipules minute, linear, caducous, leaving small scars; leaf blade margin serrate, venation pinnate, 2 basal lateral veins usually with tertiary veins. Plants usually monoecious. Inflorescence racemose, mostly terminal on short lateral branches, pedunculate. Flowers functionally unisexual. Bract and bracteoles densely pubescent; floral cup obconical, pubescent. Male and female flowers similar, anthers slightly larger in male flowers, carpels slightly larger in female flowers. Sepals 5, lanceolate, densely pubescent. Petals 5, minute, scalelike. Stamens 5; filaments very short; anther thecae 2-sporangiate, each dehiscing by 2 valves. Ovary semi-inferior; ovules 1 per locule; styles long, stigmas large, decurrent. Capsules woody, with conspicuous lenticels, dehiscing loculicidally; endocarp thick and hard, usually loose from exocarp. Seeds narrowly ovoid; endosperm scant; embryo straight; cotyledons compressed, base subcordate. 2n = 24*.

● One species.

1. Fortunearia sinensis Rehder & E. H. Wilson in Sargent, Pl. each side. Inflorescences 4–8 cm; peduncle 1–1.5 cm, tomen Wilson. 1: 427. 1913. tose; bracts and bracteoles lanceolate, 1.5–2 mm, stellately pubescent. Pedicel 1–2 mm, stellately pubescent. Floral cup 0.8–1 牛鼻栓 niu bi shuan mm, glabrous; sepals lanceolate, 1.2–1.5 mm. Petals nar- Shrubs or small trees, to 5 m tall; young branches with rowly lanceolate, shorter than sepals. Anthers 0.8–1 mm. Ovary gray-brown hairs, older growth drying brown or gray-brown, sparsely pubescent; styles 1.5–2.5 mm. Fruiting pedicels 5–10 glabrous, sparsely lenticellate; buds minute, naked, stellately mm; capsules ovoid-globose, 12–15 mm, glabrous, white len- pubescent. Petiole 4–10 mm; leaf blade obovate or obovate- ticellate, apex acute, dehiscing loculicidally by two 2-lobed elliptic, 7–16 × 4–10 cm, membranous, drying discolorous, valves. Seeds 8–10 × 5–6 mm. Fl. Mar–Apr, fr. May–Jun. abaxially villous, adaxially pubescent along midrib, base round- ● Forests; 800–1000 m. Anhui, Henan, Hubei, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, ed or obtuse, margin dentate, apex acute; lateral veins 6–10 on Sichuan, Zhejiang.

18. SINOWILSONIA Hemsley, Hooker’s Icon. Pl. 29: t. 2817. 1906.

山白树属 shan bai shu shu Shrubs or small trees, deciduous; young branches and leaves abaxially stellately tomentose; buds naked. Leaves petiolate; stipules linear-lanceolate, caducous, leaving small scars; leaf blade membranous or papery, slightly asymmetrical, margin usually serrulate, venation pinnate, 2 basal lateral veins usually with tertiary veins. Plants monoecious (or bisexual). Inflorescence spicate or racemose, terminal, pendent, most parts stellately tomentose; flowers bracteate and bracteolate. Flowers unisexual. Floral cup urceolate, enclosing most of flower. Sepals 5, narrowly spatulate, exserted from floral cup. Petals lacking or present as tiny rudiments. Male flowers: pedicellate; stamens 5, opposite to sepals, filaments very short; anthers ellipsoid, thecae 2-sporangiate, each dehiscing by 2 valves; ovary rudimentary. Female flowers: sessile; staminodes 5; ovary nearly superior but enclosed by floral cup; ovules 1 per locule; styles long, filiform, stigma decurrent, exserted from floral cup. Capsules ovoid-globose, woody, stellately tomentose, dehiscing by 2 valves; endocarp loose from exocarp. Seeds 1 per locule; endosperm fleshy. 2n = 24*, 48*. ● One species.

1. Sinowilsonia henryi Hemsley, Hooker’s Icon. Pl. 29: t. Seeds ca. 8 mm. Fl. Mar–May, fr. Jun–Aug. 2817. 1906. ● Forests; 800–1500 m. Gansu, Henan, Hubei, Shaanxi, Shanxi, 山白树 shan bai shu Sichuan. Shrubs or small trees to 8 m tall. Stipules ca. 8 mm; petiole 1a. Leaves obovate, rarely elliptic, abaxially 0.8–1.5 cm; leaf blade 10–18 × 6–10.5 cm, base rounded to pubescent ...... 1a. var. henryi shallowly cordate, asymmetrical, margin entire or dentate, apex 1b. Leaves obovate-orbicular, abaxially glabrous ...... 1b. var. glabrescens acute to shortly acuminate, lateral veins 7–9 on each side, abaxially prominent. Male inflorescences 6–8 cm, lacking basal 1a. Sinowilsonia henryi var. henryi leaves. Female inflorescences 6–8 cm, with 1 or 2 basal leaves; 山白树(原变种) shan bai shu (yuan bian zhong) peduncle ca. 3 cm, pendent, 10–20 cm in fruit. Bracts lanceo- Corylopsis macrostachya Pampanini. late, ca. 2 mm; bracteoles linear-lanceolate, ca. 1.5 mm, stellately tomentose. Male flowers: anthers ca. 1 mm. Female flowers: Leaf blade obovate, rarely elliptic, 10–18 × 6–10 cm, dry- sepals ca. 1.5 mm, stellately tomentose. Ovary stellately tomen- ing discolorous, abaxially pubescent, adaxially sparsely pubes- tose; styles 3–5 mm. Capsules sessile, ca. 10 mm, villous with cent along veins. Fl. Mar–May, fr. Jun–Aug. gray-yellow hairs, apex acute; persistent floral cup 4–5 mm, ● Forests; 1000–1500 m. Gansu, Henan, Hubei, Shaanxi, Shanxi, stellately tomentose with yellow hairs, loose from capsules. Sichuan. HAMAMELIDACEAE

1b. Sinowilsonia henryi var. glabrescens H. T. Chang, Fl. Leaf blade obovate-orbicular, ca. 13 × 10.5 cm, abaxially Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 35(2): 101. 1979. glabrous. Fl. Mar–May, fr. Jun–Aug. 秃山白树 tu shan bai shu ● Forests; 800–1000 m. S Shanxi (Yuanqu Xian). HAMAMELIDACEAE