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Table of Contents 1.0 Summary and Conclusions ...... 4 1.1 Introduction: ...... 4 2.0 Lands Involved: ...... 5 2.1 Geography ...... 6 2.2 Land Use ...... 6 2.3 Surface Ownership: ...... 6 2.4 Mineral Estate Ownership: ...... 6 2.5 Mining Claims ...... 7 2.6 Mineral Leases/Permits/Licenses...... 9 2.6.1 43 CFR 3809 Mining Notices or Plans of Operations ...... 9 2.6.2 43 CFR 3111 Oil and Gas Leases ...... 9 2.7 Material Sale Sites: ...... 10 2.8 KLAs, KGRAs, and any “grandfathered” KGSs ...... 10 2.9 Withdrawals ...... 10 3.0 Physiographic Data ...... 11 3.1 Terrain and Climate ...... 11 3.2 Soil and Vegetation ...... 11 4.0 Geologic Setting...... 13 5.0 Site Geology ...... 13 5.1 Site Stratigraphy...... 14 5.2 Site Structure ...... 16 6.0 Mineral Deposits ...... 19 6.1 Locatable Mineral Deposits ...... 19 6.1.1 Bentonite: ...... 19 6.1.2 Uranium:...... 20 6.1.3 Gypsum: ...... 20 6.2 Salable Mineral Deposits ...... 21 6.2.1 Limestone ...... 21 6.3 Solid Leasable Mineral Deposits ...... 21 6.3.1 Phosphate ...... 21 3

6.3.2 Coal ...... 22 6.4 Fluid Leasable Mineral Deposits ...... 22 6.4.1 Oil and Gas ...... 22 7.0 Mineral Exploration, Development Work and Production History ...... 25 7.1 Locatable Minerals...... 25 7.2 Salable and Leasable Minerals...... 25 8.0 Field Work, Sampling Procedures and Analytical Work...... 25 8.1 Mineral Potential and Reasonably Foreseeable Development...... 27 8.2 Locatable Minerals...... 27 8.3 Salable and Leasable Minerals...... 27 9.0 Conclusions ...... 28 9.1 Locatable Minerals...... 28 9.2 Salable and Leasable Minerals...... 29 10.0 References ...... 29 11.0 Attachments ...... 30

Table of Figures: Figure 1. JBR Mineral Report Overview Map…………………………………………………….8 Figure 2. JBR Mineral Report Mineral Ownership ……………………………………………..12 Figure 3. JBR Mineral Report Bedrock Geology air photo……………………………………...17 Figure 4. JBR Mineral Report Bedrock Geology topography…………………………………...18 Figure 5. JBR Mineral Report Bentonite Potential………………………………………………23 Figure 6. JBR Mineral Report Gypsum Potential……………….……………………………….24

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1.0 Summary and Conclusions This report describes the mineral occurrence potential within the Johnny Behind the Rocks (JBR) withdrawal area as proposed in the Lander Record of Decision and Approved Resource Management Plan (2014) (RMP) “Withdrawal” means removing the area from location of mining claims and milling site and the exploration for and the mining of “locatable” minerals such as gold, silver, uranium, bentonite, gypsum, metallurgical grade limestone and gemstones under the General Mining Law of 1872 as amended. Any lands not formally withdrawn from the Mining Laws in accordance with Federal Land Policy and Managent Act (FLPMA) Section 204, may be claimed without any BLM action. BLM regulations provide the process for the Secretary of the Interior to withdraw lands (see 43 CFR 2300 et seq.). The RMP proposed withdrawing the JBR recreation area from the Mining Laws. One of the requirements for the Department of the Interior to complete the withdrawal is “A mineral resources analysis prepared by a qualified …geologist which shall include, but shall not be limited to, information on: General geology, known mineral deposits, past and present mineral production, mining claims, mineral leases, evaluation of future mineral potential and present and potential market demands 43 CFR 2310.3- 2(b)(3)(iii).” This report has been prepared to meet the requirement for the mineral resources analysis required for the withdrawal application.

The 4,999 acre JBR area is proposed for locatable mineral withdrawal in order to enhance specific recreational opportunities. Desk-top research of the geology of the area indicates that locatable minerals (bentonite, uranium, and gypsum), salable minerals (limestone and alluvial gravel), and leasable minerals (oil/gas and phosphate) occur within the JBR area. Field investigations were conducted to verify and map deposits of locatable minerals that occur within the study area which primarily consist of bentonite and gypsum (uranium was not investigated because of low potential). Testing results from samples collected in the field indicate that both gypsum and bentonite have a high (H) potential of occurrence with a certainty level of D (abundant direct and indirect evidence supports the existence of minerals) using the energy and mineral resources assessment system (Attachment 6). However, due to lack of past or foreseeable interest and anticipated difficulties with mining, development potential of gypsum or bentonite within JBR is considered low.

1.1 Introduction: The Johnny Behind the Rocks area (JBR) is a moderately developed recreation area approximately 14 miles southeast of Lander, Wyoming adjacent to Highway 287 which travels between Lander and Muddy Gap in south-central Wyoming. The JBR area is utilized by local residents for recreational activities such as mountain biking, hiking, trail running, hunting, wildlife viewing, and horseback riding. The BLM Lander Field Office (LFO) Record of Decision and Approved Resource Management Plan (RMP; 2014) identifies the JBR area to pursue withdrawal from locatable mineral entry under the 1872 Mining Laws, as amended, in order to protect the area for the benefit of the public recreational opportunities. In addition to mineral withdrawal, JBR would be closed to motorized activities, designated as no-surface occupancy for oil and gas activities, and closed to salable minerals under the Lander RMP.

The purpose of this mineral potential report is to assess the occurrence and development potential of locatable minerals on the lands involved to aid decision makers in determining 5 whether or not the lands are suitable for withdrawal as required by the Title 43 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Part 2310. Salable and leasable minerals are addressed but not described to the same detail as locatable minerals because their permitting actions, unlike locatable minerals, are discretionary and the decision to preclude or severely limit development of these minerals has already been made in the Lander RMP. Therefore, the conclusions of this report are limited to the RMP’s decision to propose a locable mineral withdrawal and should not be utilized for any other purpose.

This mineral report was compiled by Tom Sunderland the LFO Geologist and reviewed by Kristin Yannone (LFO Planner), Ben Kniola (LFO AFM-Minerals), Richard VanderVoet (LFO Field Manager), and Mark Newman (Rawlins Field Office Geologist, Certified Mineral Examiner).

After detailed research and desk-top evaluation, it was determined that field work was necessary to identify and evaluate mineral deposits with seemingly high potential of occurrence (bentonite and gypsum, uranium was not investigated because of low potential). No geologic mapping or cross sections were necessary as this area has been mapped to the 1:24,000 scale and intensely studied for the past 100 or more years. Field work was completed on three different occasions in March of 2014. The purpose of the first two field days was to identify gypsum and bentonite bearing beds and complete measured sections of these beds as they occur within their respective formations (see Attachments 1 and 2). The next field day was used to collect samples of gypsum and bentonite-bearing rocks for analysis at the BLM National Laboratory (see Attachments 3, 4 and 5). Data obtained through field work and analytical results from samples collected were used to form the conclusions presented in Section 9.0. 2.0 Lands Involved: The lands involved in this mineral report include 4,999 acres of lands located 14 miles southeast of Lander in an area referred to hereafter as JBR or the “study area.”. The legal subdivisions used to describe the study area in this report are based off of the Recreation Management Zone (RMZ) for JBR as designated in the Lander RMP (2014), and aredescribed below:

6th Principal Meridian, Fremont County, WY:

T. 32 N., R. 99 W. Sec. 13: E½SE¼ Sec. 24: SE¼NE¼

T. 32 N., R. 98 W. Sec. 17: SW¼, NW¼SE¼, S½SE¼ Sec. 18: S½ Sec. 19: N½, SE¼, N½SW¼ Sec. 20: All Sec. 21: W½SW¼, SE¼SW¼, SW¼NW¼ Sec. 28: W½, S½SE¼, NW¼SE¼, SW¼NE¼ Sec. 29: All Sec. 30: NE¼ 6

Sec. 32: N½, SE¼, NE¼SW¼ Sec. 33: All Sec. 34: SW¼, W½SE¼, SW¼NW¼

T. 31 N., R. 98 W. Sec. 3: N½NW¼ Sec. 4: NE¼NE¼ Sec. 5: NE¼NE¼

2.1 Geography The study area is situated in the south-central portion of Wyoming within the Wind River Basin and lies at the base of the Wind River Mountains which rise to the west approximately 15 miles southeast of Lander, WY(see Figure 1). Directly south of the study area, Sheep Mountain is a noticeable high spot in the region, and the Beaver Rim rises from the Wind River Basin further south dominating the southern and southeastern horizons. Major geographic features within the study area consist of Blue Ridge, Cedar Ridge, and Twin Creek which bounds the southern and western portions of the study area (see Figures 1 and 2).

2.2 Land Use Regional land use surrounding the study area has historically been ranching, hunting, and oil/gas development. The first oil well ever drilled in Wyoming was completed in 1884 at the Dallas Dome oil field just northwest of the study area. The Derby Anticline intersects the study area and comprises the Derby Dome oil field which has been in production since 1921. Several wells have been drilled within the study area since 1921 and are described further in Section 6.4.

Primary access to the study area is gained by turning north off of Highway 287 into the JBR parking lot, approximately 14 road miles south of Lander. Other access points exist through use of ancillary two track roads in moderate to poor condition. For a large part of the year these roads are often inaccessible during wet or inclement conditions. No Rights-of-Way (ROW) for power lines, water lines or, pipelines occur within the study area; see the appropriate Master Title Plats (MTP) for more information. The ROW for Highway 287 (WYW023417) intersects the study area in Sections 3, 4 and 5 of T. 31 N., R. 98 W.

2.3 Surface Ownership: Surface lands within the study area are 98.4% federally owned and managed by the BLM. Two, 40 acre parcels in Sections 3 and 4 of T. 31 N., R. 98 W., are private surface (see Figure 1).

2.4 Mineral Estate Ownership: The vast majority of the mineral estate within JBR is federally owned, 98.4% (see Figure 2). Two 40 acre parcels at the southern end of the study area are split estate lands where some minerals have been reserved for the federal government. Oil and gas have been reserved in one 40 acre parcel of privately owned surface estate located in the NW ¼ NE ¼, Sec. 3, T. 32 N, R. 98 W. Phosphate has been reserved in the other 40 acre parcel of privately owned surface estate located in the NW ¼ NW ¼, Sec. 4, T. 32 N, R. 98 W. 7

2.5 Mining Claims There are no patented mining claims within the study area, and there are currently no un-patented active mining claims within the study area as indicated by records pulled from the BLM’s online recordation program, LR2000 (http://lr2000.blm.gov/, 7/11/2014). Additional mining claim records were collected from the Fremont County Courthouse online database (http://216.67.176.27/recorder/web/) on December 10, 2013. Below is a summary of the mining claims that have been staked within the study area based on BLM’s records , organized by commodity:

Bentonite:

ACE Claims # 19, 20, 23, 24, 25, and 26: Lead file: WYW216303 Size/type: 160 acre placer claims Location Date: 8/11/1981

BENO Claims # 160-164, 166-191, 196-198, 200, 202-213, 214, 216-223, 225-237, 244-253, 255-260: Lead file: WMC219551 Size/type: 160 acre Placer Claims Location Date: 9/4/1982

RSMP/BR claims #2-7 and 11-20 Lead File: WMC287698 Size/Type: 160 acre placer claims Location Date: 6/9/2007

Uranium:

WY Mng & Assoc #1-49 Lead File: WMC225957 Size/type: 20 acre Lode claims Location Date: 5/1/1984

WY Mng & Assoc #49-120 Lead File: WMC226112 Size/type: 20 acre Lode claims Location Date: 5/1/1984

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2.6 Mineral Leases/Permits/Licenses

2.6.1 43 CFR 3809 Mining Notices or Plans of Operations There are currently no active 43 CFR 3809 Mining Plans of Operations or Notices within the study area. However, in 2008 and 2009, Rock Springs Mineral Processing submitted two Notices for exploration of bentonite resources by drilling and trenching. These were reclaimed and have been subsequently closed as summarized below:

WYW168042: Location: NE¼ SE¼ Sec. 34, T. 32 N., R. 98 W. Total acres: 0.22 Date Filed: 8/30/2007 Date Closed: 11/7/2008

WYW168058: Location: SW¼ SE¼ Sec. 28, T. 32 N., R. 98 W. Total acres: 0.22 Date Filed: 11/15/2007 Date Closed: 11/10/2008

2.6.2 43 CFR 3111 Oil and Gas Leases Although oil and gas and other leasable and salable minerals are not the focus of this report, the following information is provided as context for the locatable minerals.

There are currently two active leases for oil and gas resources within or partly overlapping the study area. Drilling information and production history regarding these two leases is presented in Section 3.4. These leases are summarized below:

WYW162338: Location: E½ NE¼ Sec. 32, T. 32 N., R. 98 W. Total Acres: 80 Lease Issued: 4/13/2005 Expires: 4/30/2015

WYW174838: Location: N½, SW¼, N½ SE¼, SW¼ SE¼ Sec. 34, and N½, N½ S½ Sec. 35, T. 32 N., R. 98 W. Total Acres: 1080 Lease Issued: 3/14/2008 Expires: 3/31/2018 10

2.7 Material Sale Sites: The Alcova Limestone (part of the Chugwater Group) is a commonly exploited salable mineral within the Wind River Basin. The Lander RMP closes the study area to new mineral material disposals. The Wyoming Department of Transportation (WYDOT) owns a permit for the mining and stockpiling of Alcova Limestone in the southwest portion of the study area under the authority of the United States’ Federal Highways Project (Sec. 317, not a mineral material sale or permit under 43 CFR 3600), summarized below.

WYW109220 (previously WYW86475): Location: Lot 1 Sec. 5, T. 31 N, R. 98 W; SE¼ SE¼ Sec. 32 and S½ SW¼ Sec. 33, T. 32 N, R. 98 W. Case Type: Material Site (317) Commodity: Non-Energy Facilities Case Disposition: Authorized Total Acres: 120 Geographic Name: Muddy Gap-Lander Rd.

2.8 KLAs, KGRAs, and any “grandfathered” KGSs There are no KLA’s (Known Leasing Areas) or KGRA’s (Known Geothermal Resource Areas) within the study area.

The Derby Dome is a “grandfathered” Known Geologic Structure (KGS) that is recognized within the following locations of the study area: E½ SE¼ Sec. 32; W½ SW¼, SE¼ SW¼ Sec. 33 of T. 32 N, R. 98 W. A KGS is given certain preference lease rights because of the past history and development of this structure.

2.9 Withdrawals There is one existing mineral withdrawal for phosphate resources located in the NE¼, N½ SE¼, SE¼ SE¼ of Sec. 32 and W½ W½ of Sec. 33 T. 32 N., R. 98 W. This withdrawal was a result of an Executive Order from May 29, 1912 (Wdl Pho Res 11) which states that the identified lands be “withdrawn from settlement, location, selection, sale, or entry and reserved for public use… (EO 5/29/1912).” This withdrawal occurred because phosphate was originally defined as a locatable mineral and phosphate was later recognized as a valuable national resource. To protect and preserve phosphate lands in the Western U.S., withdrawals were made which precluded the entry and sale of lands under the public land laws. The withdrawal of phosphate in the western U.S. resulted in the creation of phosphate reservations. The May 29, 1912 withdrawal resulted in the Phosphate Reserve No. 11, also known as the Wyoming No. 2 Phosphate Reserve (see MTPs). 11

3.0 Physiographic Data

3.1 Terrain and Climate The geography within the study area is typical of high mountain desert terrain that has been heavily influenced by regional geology. The Derby anticline and several faults expose red, white, green, and brown strata and create a series of high to low angle hogbacks and ridges that make up the flanks of the anticline and are dissected by minor ephemeral drainages. Blue Ridge and Cedar Ridge make up two major topographic features that run north-south in the eastern and northern portions of the study area. Twin Creek flows west through the middle of the Derby anticline at the southern portion of the study area and turns north-northwest at the southwestern corner of the study area, bounding the topography of the JBR area. The highest point within the study area occurs on Cedar Ridge at 6,281 feet. The lowest point within the study area is approximately 5,460 feet at the furthest reach of Twin Creek in the northwestern portion of the study area. The climate within the study area is dry with between 10 and 14 inches of mean annual precipitation and a mean annual temperature between 36 and 46 degrees.

3.2 Soil and Vegetation According to the Natural Resources Conservation Service’s (NRCS) Web Soil Survey (2013), the majority of the soils within the study area consist of Cotha-Blazon-Rock outcrop association and Highpoint-Rock outcrop complex which together make up 61% of the soils within the study area. Cotha-Blazon-Rock outcrop associated consists of residuum weathered from sandstone and/or alluvium derived from sandstone and occurs within sandy ecological sites. Highpoint- Rock outcrop complex occurs on steep slopes as a residuum weathered from shale material and occurs within shallow clayey ecological sites. Other minor soil map units within the study area consist of the Thermopolis Sinkson association (14.7%), the Diamondville-Highpoint association (11.9%), the Sinkson-Thermopolis association (6.3%), and the Havre complex (3.5%). These soils cover a wide range of ecological sites from shallow loamy-type sites, to clayey sites, to lowland areas.

Vegetation within the study area is influenced by the soils and varies widely throughout the 4,999 acres covered by this report. The ecosystem within the study area is typical of an intermountain basin shrubland with big sagebrush (NatureServe et.al, 2013). Considering the ecosystem, the prominent species of vegetation consist of: sagebrush, juniper, limber pine, grasses, and seasonal forbs. Populations of Rocky Mountain twinpod and Beaver Rim Phlox, BLM special status species plants, have been recorded on Cedar Ridge within the study area. Some weeds are present within the study area primarily along Highway 287.

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4.0 Geologic Setting The study area is located within the Wind River Basin and along the foothills of the southeastern flank of the Wind River Range. The Wind River Basin is an asymmetric synclinal structural and sedimentological basin that covers approximately 8,500 square miles and contains up to 20,000 feet of sediment (NE corner) in central Wyoming (Keefer, 1965). The structural depression that is the Wind River Basin is bounded by the Granite Mountains to the south, the Washakie Range and Owl Creek and Bighorn Mountains on the north, the Casper Arch to the east, and the Wind River Range to the west. In general, flat-lying Eocene age rocks occupy the basin floor, while Mesozoic and Paleozoic rocks are exposed along the basin margin and in isolated uplifts (Keefer and Van Lieu, 1966).

The Wind River Range is a large northwest trending, highly dissected anticlinal uplift approximately 120 miles long and 30-50 miles wide and is the largest single mountain range in Wyoming in both area and height. The rocks on the western flank of the Wind River Range dip steeply or are overturned and are dissected by eastward-dipping reverse faults with up to 35,000 feet of displacement (Keefer and Van Lieu, 1966). The eastern flank of the Wind River Range, dissimilarly, is characterized by rocks that dip shallowly towards the east between 10 and 15 degrees. This consistency is broken on the east flank in a few places by high-angle normal and reverse faults and sharp monoclinal folds. Precambrian granite and granite gneiss are exposed in the center of the range and are of some of the oldest rocks in Wyoming.

The formation of the Wind River Range and Wind River Basin occurred during the Laramide Orogeny (deformational event) beginning in the Late Cretaceous time and ending in early Tertiary time (approximately 85 to 35 mya). Prior to the Late Cretaceous and the formation of either the Wind River Basin or Wind River Range, rocks representing all types of depositional environments were laid down during transgressions and regressions of epicontinental seas that occupied the foreland or stable shelf region that Wyoming was a part of (Keefer, 1965). For regional geology see the Geologic Map of the Lander 30’x60’ Quadrangle, Fremont County, Wyoming by Johnson and Sutherland (2009). For regional stratigraphy see Table 5.1, and the Stratigraphic Chart Showing Nomenclature for the State of Wyoming by Love et. al. (1993). 5.0 Site Geology The geology of the JBR area has been well studied. This is primarily because exploration activities for oil and gas began in the 1880s less than one mile to the northwest and drilling began within the study area in 1921. The geology of the study area is described below under subsections for site stratigraphy (section 5.1) and site structure (section 5.2). The stratigraphy and structure within the study area influenced mineral accumulation and deposition, or otherwise exposed mineral producing formations. For a map of site bedrock geology compiled from Brocka and Bauer (2008), see Figures 3 and 4. No geologic cross sections were completed as part of this report because detailed cross sections of the area are available in the Brocka and Bauer map, Geologic Map of the Weiser Pass Quadrangle (2008). 14

5.1 Site Stratigraphy The rocks present within the study area primarily consist of Mesozoic sedimentary rocks exposed as a result of the uplift of Derby Dome and Quaternary Alluvium along the drainages. A description of the site stratigraphy with sediment descriptions is shown in Table 5.1. See Figures 3 and 4 for a map of bedrock geology within the study area.

Table 5.1: Site Stratigraphy1 Age Name Description2 Thickness (feet)2 Quaternary Alluvium Unconsolidated and poorly consolidated variable clay, silt, sand, and gravel; includes deposits bounding current floodplains of Twin Creek and ephemeral drainages within the study area Upper Frontier Gray, tan, brown, and light-green fine-to- 600-1,000 Cretaceous Formation medium-grained, thin bedded to massive, sometimes cross-bedded and lenticular quartz sandstones interbedded with gray to black, fissile, silty and sandy shales; white siltstone with soft gray-black bentonite-rich shale at base. Mowry Shale Dark-gray to white, hard siliceous siltstone, 450-500 containing thin, gray to brown sandstone beds; upper shale beds contain interspersed bentonite beds. Lower Muddy Prominent gray, fine-to medium-grained, 25-50 Cretaceous Sandstone cliff-forming quartz sandstone, cemented by hematite; overlain by softer sandstones and dark-gray to black shales. Thermopolis Soft, brown/black, fissile shale at top grades 95-150 Shale into thin, tan/brown, silty sandstones; underlain by rust-stained sandstone Cloverly Basal unit is a distinctive pebble 100-150 Formation conglomerate overlain by buff gray to brown, fine-grained, cross-bedded, slabby sandstone with interbedded variegated maroon, green and red shales and siltstones Upper Morrison Poorly sorted, silty sandstone containing ~200 Jurassic Formation interbeds or channels of coarse-grained cross-bedded sandstone overlain by finer- grained red, maroon, green, and brown claystone, mudstone, and siltstone, with interspersed lenses of coarser channel sandstones Middle and Sundance Upper units are greenish-gray, brown, and ~250 15

Upper Formation buff, glauconitic siltstone, sandstone, and Jurassic limestone; lower units are reddish fine- grained quartz sandstone; basal transgressive sandstone unit is identified by mud rip-up clasts, quartz sand grains, and/or ooids; belemnite fossils are common. Middle Gypsum White, thick-bedded to massive, ledge- 150-200 Jurassic Spring forming gypsum with red siltstone interbeds. Formation Upper part consists of an alternating sequence of thin-bedded gypsum, reddish- brown silstone, and light-gray to gray limestones. Lower Nugget Upper part consists of pinkish/buff white and ~300 Jurassic Sandstone hematite-stained siltstone; overlain by salmon-pink and light-gray fine-to medium- grained, cliff-forming sandstone, exhibits massive bedding to large scale cross-beds. Middle part is friable, fine-grained sandstone. Upper Lower part consists of reddish-brown, fine- ~170 Triassic grained, thin-bedded sandstone interbedded with red-stained, maroon, and brown siltstones and shales. Triassic Chugwater Group-Composed of four formations with a total thickness of approximately 1000 ft; from top to base: Popo Agie Formation, Crow Mountain Sandstone, Alcova Limestone, and Red Peak Formation Upper Popo Agie Purple and red shale, red siltstone and red ~100 Triassic Formation silty sandstone; distinctive layers of bright ocher-colored and red dolomitic claystones bearing analcime (calcareous concretions) are common in upper sections. Crow Reddish-brown, very fine to fine-grained Mountain limey, argillaceous, thin to thick-bedded and Sandstone massive sandstone, interbedded with reddish- brown fissile shale and sandy siltstone. Alcova Grayish-white, finely crystalline, thinly 8-10 Limestone laminated resistant limestone often with large stromatolites. Lower Red Peak Reddish-brown, commonly calcareous, thin ~900 Triassic Formation to thick-bedded siltstone, sandstone, and shale. 1Unconformities not identified in Table 5.1. 2Descriptions and thickness comes from: Geologic Map of the Lander 30’x60’ Quadrangle, Fremont County, Wyoming (Johnson and Sutherland, 2009), and Geologic Map of the Weiser Pass Quadrangle, Fremont County, Wyoming (Brocka, C.G., and Bauer, R.L., 2008). 16

5.2 Site Structure Structure within the study area is fairly complex due to several folds and faults that occurred as a result of several different events. The primary structural feature within the study area is the Derby Anticline which is part of the Dallas-Derby anticlinal trend (see Figures 3 and 4). The Dallas-Derby anticlinal trend is part of a northwesterly trending fold belt parallel to the Wind River Range. The western side of the fold belt is separated from the dip slope beds of the eastern flank of the Wind River Range by a deep trough referred to as the Lander Syncline. The eastern side of the fold belt consists of shallowly dipping beds that plunge into the Wind River Basin.

The Derby Anticline (Derby Dome) is an asymmetric anticline that plunges approximately 11 degrees to the northwest and 20 degrees to the southeast with dips on the northeastern flank between 20 and 30 degrees and dips on the southwest flank up to 65 degrees (Willis and Groshong, 1993). The Red Peak formation (part of the Triassic Chugwater group) is the oldest rock exposed in the study area at the center of the Derby Anticline.

A prominent reverse fault on the northeastern flank of the Derby Anticline runs roughly parallel to strike for approximately 6 miles before disappearing in Cretaceous rocks to the north and south of the anticline. Wells drilled in the vicinity of the reverse fault indicate that the fault flattens with depth and is detached lower in the section although additional subsurface data collection is needed (Willis and Groshong, 1993). Another reverse fault was identified in the subsurface below the Derby Anticline with opposing symmetry but similar detachment properties to the prominent fault to the northeast (Brocka and Bauer, 2008). A subsidiary anticline is present (axis inferred) on the hanging wall of the prominent reverse fault at the northeast corner of the Derby Anticline in Section 29, T. 32 N., R. 90 W. Here beds in the Gypsum Spring Formation parallel the reverse fault and show evidence of detachment (typical of other drag folds in flank structures east of the Wind River Mountains). Other small scale detachment structures are also evidenced at this location (see Figures 3 and 4).

The Dallas and Derby Anticlines are offset by nearly one mile from east to west by a minor transverse fold (axis inferred) although the axis of the two anticlines are relatively parallel.

Several other types of minor faults occur within the study area. A series of small thrusted fault blocks are apparent in Section 29, T. 32 N., R. 98 W., where the Thermopolis Shale is exposed. Another thrusted fault block is located in the SW¼ of Section 20, T. 32 N., R. 98 W., and exposes the Sundance Formation. A minor right-lateral tear fault occurs in the NE¼ of Section 4, T. 31 N., R. 98 W., and the SE¼ of Section 33 T. 32N., R. 98 W (see Figures 3 and 4). This fault produces less than 30 feet of displacement and is likely a result of rapid movement along the hinge of the drag fold of the major eastern thrust fault because it is perpendicular to the fault and located at the hinge of the fold. An array of normal faults occur in the northwest corner of the study area on the southeastern flank of the Dallas Anticline that were likely created as a result of rapid deformation causing brittle fracturing and collapse of isolated fault blocks during uplift.

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6.0 Mineral Deposits Mineral deposits that occur within the study area include locatable, salable, solid leasable and fluid leasable minerals.

6.1 Locatable Mineral Deposits Locatable minerals are those that are subject to location and staking under the 1872 Mining Laws (as amended). Mining claims have previously been staked for bentonite and uranium within the study area. Gypsum is another locatable mineral with potential to occur within formations in the study area.

6.1.1 Bentonite: The bentonite found throughout Wyoming is unique due to high sodium content and consists of very fine-grained, gray to white, plate-like minerals (Hausel and Holden, 1978). Bentonite is an aluminum phyllosilicate, essentially a type of impure clay usually formed from the weathering of volcanic ash, most often in the presence of water. The primary constituent of bentonite is sodium montmorillonite clay which possesses desirable swelling, colloidial, and adsorbent properties. Bentonite deposits in the Wind River Basin typically occur in the Lower Cretaceous aged Mowry Shale and Upper Cretaceous aged Frontier Formation. The absorptive and adsorptive properties of bentonite give it a high swelling potential that is useful in a wide variety of industries such as drilling muds, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals (Thorson, 1983).

Because of the variability in quality of bentonite, the mere presence of bentonite beds does not constitute commercial value. Bentonite must be determined to meet specific industry standards through testing of its chemical and physical properties. Typically, bentonite is mined at the surface where bed thickness exceeds 24 inches and the overburden to ore ratio is equal to 6:1 or less. In certain conditions, mining can occur on 35 degree dipping beds at a depth of up to 60 feet, but the average ratios being mined today are 4:1 with dips usually less than 15 degrees (Thorson, 1983).

Mining of bentonite in the Lander Field Office area has been limited to reserves found in the Gas Hills, 45 miles east of Riverton, WY. This mine uses shallow surface mining methods to strip thin beds from the upper Mowry Shale known locally as the Beaver beds. These beds dip at 5 to 15 degrees north/northeast and are mostly available at the surface, so there is minimal waste rock or overburden.

Bentonite beds crop out along all four margins of the Wind River Basin, but often dip too steeply for mining (Hausel and Holden, 1978). Because of the folding associated with the uplifted Wind River Range to the west, the Mowry Shale and Frontier Formation are generally found as east dipping beds between five and 30 degrees along the Lander slope. However, the Dallas-Derby Anticlinal trend has repeated this section of bentonite bearing formations along the Lander Slope and created nearly vertical dipping beds to the west of the study area. According to Gersic (1993), testing of beds in the Mowry Shale and Frontier Formation exposed at Winkelman Dome north of the Dallas-Derby Anticlinal, but in the same fold belt, showed overall poor quality compared to bentonite produced elsewhere in Wyoming.

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Mining claims were staked for bentonite within the study area in 1981, 1982, and 2007, but there are currently no active mining claims in JBR. Exploration activities in the form of drilling and trenching for bentonite occurred under two Notices (43 CFR 3809) filed in 2007. See Figure 5 for a location of the two Notice prospects (labeled Bentonite_Prospects). From discussions with this operator/claimant, the bentonite samples collected at this location do not contain the economic qualities found in the Gas Hills.

According to Osterwald and others (1966) a thin (<3ft) bentonite bed outcrops at the top of the Mowry shale essentially at the Mowry/Frontier contact. Therefore, the U.S. Bureau of Mines was able to map the Mowry and Frontier Formations as a Known Mineral Deposit Area (KMDA, see Figure 5). However, through discussions with mining claimants, the LFO Mineral Occurrence and Development Potential Report (2009), air photo interpretations, and field work to verify, it was possible to identify and map two prominent bentonite bearing units known as the “Upper Mowry beds” and “Beaver beds” throughout the study area. See Figure 5 for the results of this mapping effort.

See Section 8.0 for a discussion on field work and sampling completed for bentonite.

6.1.2 Uranium: Uranium claims were staked in the southern half of the study area in 1984 likely as a result of an airborne radiometric geophysical survey that was flown in 1974 as part of an Atomic Energy Commission Project in the Wind River Basin (Project no. AT (05-1)-1631). Some minor anomalous areas were found south and northwest of the study area (see Figure 6), but nothing of any significance was discovered. The WSGS (Map Series 94, 2010) reports that uranium mineralization occurs in the Cloverly, Morrison, and Sundance formations locally as a result of carbonaceous matter and organic matter content. Although these formations outcrop within the study area, no identification of uranium mineralization has occurred within the study area.

6.1.3 Gypsum: Gypsum is a sulfate mineral valued for its properties in construction materials such as wallboard and plaster, in manufacturing sanitary ware and pottery, and in agricultural applications such as soil conditioning or feed supplementing. Gypsum bearing rocks within the Wind River Basin include the Chugwater Group, Dinwoody Formation, and most notably, the Gypsum Springs Formation. The Gypsum Springs Formation contains the most voluminous and economically significant reserves of gypsum in the Wind River Basin. A high-grade gypsum bed ranging in thickness from 40 to 100 feet is present in the basal part of the Gypsum Springs Formation and is separated by lenses of mud, clay, and silt (Hausel and Holden, 1978). Elsewhere in the basin this bed has been analyzed to contain 86 to 92 percent gypsum and 4 to 7 percent anhydrite (impurity) which meets or exceeds the criteria for commercially acceptable gypsum (Gersic, 1993). Due to markets and costs associated with transportation and processing, gypsum has never been commercially mined in the Wind River Basin. It is reasonable to expect that this will not change in the immediate future.

Within the study area the Gypsum Springs Formation outcrops along the flanks of the Derby and Dallas Anticlines and is repeated to the east of the prominent reverse fault. The United States Geological Survey’s (USGS’s) Mineral Resource Data System (MRDS) identifies a known 21 location of gypsum-anhydrite in the NE¼ SW¼ of Section 33, T.32 N., R. 99 W., 6th P.M., within the study area. See Figure 6 for a location of the gypsum-bearing strata locations as described by the USGS and identified gypsum point locations by the MRDS.

See Section 8.0 for a discussion on field work and sampling completed for gypsum.

6.2 Salable Mineral Deposits Salable minerals are those that are considered common variety and are sold by the federal government at no less than market value through the use of permits. Limestone is primarily the only salable mineral that occurs within the study area. Minor sand and gravel deposits occur in drainages such as Twin Creek and adjacent ephemeral drainages in the eastern edge of the project area. There are no sand and gravel deposits with the extent or depth worthy of mining within the study area.

6.2.1 Limestone Limestone within the Wind River Basin is almost exclusively produced from the Alcova Limestone. Other limestone bearing formations within the basin do not produce as attractive of road construction material, but have been utilized to some extent. Within the study area, the Alcova Limestone outcrops at the axis of the Derby Anticline where it is relatively flat-lying at the hinge making it attractive to quarry. As mentioned in Section 2.0 above, WYDOT owns a permit for the mining and stockpiling of Alcova Limestone at the hinge of the anticline under permit WYW109220. Additional quarrying under this permit is certainly possible considering the amount of exposed limestone at this location, but there is no indication from WYDOT that additional production is planned. Because the only other exposures of limestone are thin and steeply dipping, the potential for additional mining of limestone outside of this existing permit within the study area is low.

6.3 Solid Leasable Mineral Deposits Solid leasable minerals are those that the federal government has determined are valuable natural resources that occur in quantities worthy of leasing and cannot be located under the 1872 Mining Laws. Examples of solid leasable minerals within Wyoming are coal, phosphate, trona, sodium potash, and zeolite. Phosphate and coal are the only solid leasable mineralspresent in the study area and discussed in this report.

6.3.1 Phosphate Phosphate deposits in the Lander area have been recognized and randomly studied over the last 100 years or so. Phosphate-bearing rocks in the Lander Field Office consist of the Permian-aged Phosphoria Formation which constitutes the dip-slope formation along the Lander slope. The Phosphoria Formation also crops out in the Sheep Mountain Anticline just south of the study area. The LFO Mineral Occurrence and Development Potential Report (BLM, 2009) identifies two phosphate zones within the Phosphoria Formation and indicates that the lower zone is thin (3 to 4 feet thick) but of higher grade (23.6% P2O5) than the upper zone which is thicker (up to 36 feet thick) and lower grade (17.1% P2O5). The Phosphoria Formation is not present at the surface within the study area. However, the withdrawal for phosphate (EO 5/29/1912) and the creation of Phosphate Reserve #11 in the southwest corner of the study area, at the center of the 22

Derby Anticline, was due to recordation of a phosphate-bearing bed occurring approximately 1,100 feet in the subsurface in Sec. 33, T. 32 N., R.98 W., identified through gamma logs of an oil well at this location (Rohrer, 1971). The bed of phosphate-bearing rock identified at this location might have indicated the presence of phosphate rock, but at 1,100 feet deep, this bed is not likely to be prospectively valuable to potential future phosphate miners.

6.3.2 Coal Coal-bearing rocks of the Frontier Formation outcrop within the study area, and based on names such as “Coal Mine Spring” and “Coal Mine Gulch,” it is likely that a small coal mine did exist within or near the study area in the past. However, there is no evidence available as to the positive identification of coal resources within the study area or production history of any past coal mines.

6.4 Fluid Leasable Mineral Deposits Fluid leasable minerals primarily consist of oil and gas resources. As previously mentioned, the study area has a long history of fluid mineral recovery and production since it overlaps the Dallas and Derby Domes.

6.4.1 Oil and Gas Captain Benjamin Bonneville recorded oil seeps near the Popo Agie (likely Dallas Dome area) in a report to the War Department on his Rocky Mountain travels in 1837 (Ptasynski, 1957). Almost fifty years later, the first well ever drilled in Wyoming was completed by Mike Murphy and a Dr. Graf in 1884 at Dallas Dome just northwest of the study area. This well struck oil at approximately 300 feet deep in the lower Chugwater Group siltstones. Shortly thereafter, oil from the Phosphoria formation was produced from a well drilled nearby to 750 feet deep. Between 1901 and 1945, 69 wells were drilled at Dallas Dome within the Tensleep Sandstone (1,150 feet deep) and many existing wells were deepened to this horizon.

The first well drilled at Derby Dome was completed in 1921 with an estimated daily production of 40 barrels of 21o API gravity oil out of the Embar Formation (Lower Phosphoria) between 932 and 940 feet in depth. Production from the Tensleep Sandstone (1,060 feet deep) was established shortly thereafter at Derby Dome. The Derby Dome has not seen the productivity of Dallas Dome, and studies show that the Tensleep reservoir has yielded 60 percent of the total oil produced between the two fields.

According to the Wyoming Oil and Gas Conservation Commission (WOGCC, 2014), 28 wells have been drilled within the study area, five of which are still producing. The majority of the wells drilled within the study area never hit a productive zone and were plugged and abandoned. Production within the Dallas and Derby Domes is anticipated to continue into the future for a number of years. The possibility to implement enhanced recovery of these fields is conceivable, but considered low due to the long production history of these sites resulting in the relative depletion of the reservoir.

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7.0 Mineral Exploration, Development Work and Production History

7.1 Locatable Minerals There are no records available to indicate significant development work or production of locatable minerals such as bentonite, uranium, or gypsum from within the study area. Claims were staked, but no 43 CFR 3809 filings for mining Plans of Operations (development or production) have occurred for minerals within the study area. The only physical exploration activities for locatable minerals has occurred under two separate Notice level operations for Bentonite (WYW168042 and WYW168058, see Figure 5). At each Notice Location one large test pit was excavated where a 20 ton bulk sample was collected for testing purposes. The pit was later reclaimed. Subsequent to testing, the mining claims associated with the two notices were dropped which indicates the samples were not favorable for further exploration or development. However, it is worth noting that the claims were dropped at the same time that the maintenance fees for placer claims changed from $140 per association placer claim to $140 per 20 acres for an association placer claim (all of the bentonite claims were 160 acre association placer claims). This means that the increased maintenance fees (from $140/claim to $1120/claim) may have been the reason for dropping the claims rather than lack of bentonite potential.

7.2 Salable and Leasable Minerals According to Case Recordation for the Federal Highways Project limestone quarry (WYW86475, WYW109220), 165,000 tons and 10,000 cubic yards of limestone have been mined from this project area. An inspection report by BLM personnel on April 13, 2012 indicated that approximately 3,350 cubic yards of material are currently stockpiled at the site, some of which may have been produced off-site and stored at this location.

There are no records that indicate production of coal, phosphate, or other solid leasable minerals within the study area. It is assumed that some coal was produced from the areas described as “Coal Mine Spring” and “Coal Mine Gulch,” but there are no records to indicate production quantities as there are for other areas nearby where coal mining occurred, peaking in 1920 (BLM, 2009).

Production of oil and gas during the discovery of the Dallas and Derby Domes occurred in the Chugwater group. However, the vast majority of production at these fields came from the Phosphoria and Tensleep reservoirs. According to the WOGCC (2014), Derby Dome has produced a total of 2,548,016 barrels (bbls) of oil since 1921 and 1,191,858 MCF (one thousand cubic feet) of gas. Dallas Dome has produced 12,778,789 bbls of oil and no gas since 1884. 8.0 Field Work, Sampling Procedures and Analytical Work Through research it was determined that field work to identify and sample gypsum and bentonite bearing formations was necessary to fully understand the mineral potential for the JBR area. Field work was completed on three different occasions in March of 2014. The purpose of the 26 first two field days was to identify gypsum and bentonite bearing beds and complete measured sections of these beds as they occur within their respective formations (see Attachments 1 and 2 for a summary of this field work). The next field day was used to collect samples of gypsum and bentonite-bearing rocks for analysis at the BLM National Laboratory (see Attachments 3, 4 and 5 for a summary of the sampling procedures and results of analytical work).

Gypsum: Two primary gypsum-bearing units were identified within the Gypsum Springs Formation and measured sections were completed through these units. Total gypsum thickness within these two units equaled approximately 36 feet, and the beds were measured to have a relative average dip of 25 degrees to the northeast throughout the study area. Three gypsum samples were collected; two from separate beds of the lower unit and one from the upper unit. Analytical results suggest that the gypsum meets the suitability requirements for the manufacture of wall-board (purity ranged between 87.2% and 90.20%), but does not meet the specifications for the manufacture of light-weight products or molding plaster (see Attachment 5 for analytical results).

Bentonite: Field investigations identified the two primary bentonite –bearing beds in the Mowry Shale and Frontier Formation, termed the “Upper Mowry bed” and the “Beaver beds”. These beds had been previously investigated as part of the LFO Mineral Occurrence and Development Potential Report (2009) and through discussions with operators of exploration Notices in the area. Because two Notices for exploration of bentonite had occurred within the study area, those two areas were the primary focus for investigation. One measured section was completed within the Beaver beds in an accessible location. This measured section revealed five different bentonite beds measuring a total of approximately 15 feet thick with thin sandstones and shales intermixed. The sandstone cap overlying the Beaver beds dipped at an averaged 14.4 degrees to the northeast throughout the study area with a maximum of 30 degrees in the north end of the study area and a minimum of 7 degrees in the south end of the study area. The Upper Mowry beds were not found in an amenable outcrop to measure and appeared thin where visible. Through air photo interpretation and ground-truthing, the Beaver beds and Mowry beds were mapped within the study area, and four samples were collected from good outcrops at several locations. Three samples were collected from three different beds of the Beaver beds, and one sample was collected (with poor success) from the Mowry beds.

Bentonite samples were submitted to the BLM National laboratory and results show that at least two of the samples are expandable clay consisting of montmorillonite; however, the samples failed on the majority of tests. The sample from the Upper Mowry bed was worthless. Only the samples from the Beaver beds showed any promise through testing. These sampled clays did not meet the criteria necessary to produce drilling mud because barrel yields are too low. Plate water absorption tests showed some promise for the clays, and it was determined that through blending or with the addition of sodium carbonate (Na2CO3), the samples could be brought up to an acceptable quality. Collection of additional samples would provide more insight into the quality of the bentonite deposits within the study area; however, no additional samples were taken because the results of this round of sampling were not promising and time restraints were being reached (see Attachment 4 for analytical results). 27

8.1 Mineral Potential and Reasonably Foreseeable Development The potential for mineral resources is a prediction of the likelihood for the occurrence of these resources. The occurrence of mineral resources does not necessarily imply that the mineral can be economically exploited or is likely to be developed. Also, the occurrence potential for a mineral resource does not imply that quantity and quality of the resources is known. The mineral classification codes used in the following sections of this report are explained in Attachment 6 and were obtained from BLM Manual 3031, Energy and Mineral Resource Assessment.

8.2 Locatable Minerals Bentonite from the “Beaver beds” and Gypsum from the Gypsum Spring Formation outcrop within the study area at dips that are marginally amenable to mining. Both gypsum and bentonite have been positively identified within the study area, so occurrence potential is high (H) with a certainty level of D. The D certainty level means that the available data provide abundant direct and indirect evidence to support or refute the possible existence of mineral resources. However, development potential for either gypsum or bentonite in the foreseeable future is considered low primarily due to the lack of processing facilities for either bentonite or gypsum within Fremont County. Haul distances to processing plants in Natrona and Big Horn County of ore-bearing material would likely not be considered economic in current market conditions; while building a new plant nearby would likely be difficult and un-appealing to developers considering the surplus availability of mine-able gypsum and bentonite elsewhere in the state.

Uranium in the Sundance, Cloverly, and Morrison formations has never been positively identified within the study area despite uranium claims being staked in the past. Although these formations outcrop abundantly within the study area, uranium mineralization in economic quantities has never been identified within these formations in Fremont County. Uranium mining in the Gas Hills and Crooks Gap/Green Mountain Mining Districts has all occurred within Tertiary formations in high quantities. Therefore, the occurrence potential is rated as low (L) with a certainty level of C because there is direct evidence of lack of uranium in the study area but the data are quantitatively minimal.

8.3 Salable and Leasable Minerals Salable Minerals: Sand and gravel in alluvium along Dry Creek has been identified in the southeastern corner of the study area. Additionally, the Federal Highway’s limestone quarry and identified occurrence of un-mined limestone outcrop in the study area indicate a high potential for salable minerals (H) with a certainty level of D (H/D). The Dry Creek alluvial deposit is not considered a significant resource, and foreseeable development of this deposit is considered very low to non-existent. Limestone will likely continue to be produced as needed from the existing quarry and foreseeable development of this deposit is considered very high although the timeframe for this development is uncertain.

Leasable Minerals: Phosphate has never been identified within the study area and phosphate- bearing strata do not outcrop within the study area despite the existing withdrawal for phosphate that overlaps the area. Therefore, phosphate occurrence has a low potential (L) with a certainty of C (L/C). Oil and some gas have been produced within the study area and Derby anticline for 28 over 100 years. Therefore, oil and gas has a certainty rating of H/D. Future continued production and development is anticipated adjacent to the study area, but development within the study area is not likely considering the decisions prescribed in the Lander RMP to not allow surface occupancy of this area for development of oil and gas operations despite it still being open to leasing. 9.0 Conclusions As stated in the Introduction, Section 1.1, the purpose of this report is to determine the potential for the occurrence of locatable minerals within the proposed JBR withdrawal. Although not necessary, salable and leasable minerals were also evaluated. As a result of this investigation, thefollowing conclusions were reached:

9.1 Locatable Minerals Locatable mineral occurrence potential exists for uranium, gypsum, and bentonite within the study area; however, uranium is rated L/C using the energy and mineral resources assessment system (Attachment 6), and does not warrant further discussion for that reason. Therefore, gypsum and bentonite are the primary minerals with occurrence potential as described below:

Gypsum: The occurrence potential for gypsum in the Gypsum Springs Formation is considered H/D. Gypsum deposits occur at the surface within the JBR study area with a total thickness of approximately 36 feet. Sample test results indicate that the gypsum contains the purity for the manufacture of wall-board (the lowest purity application for gypsum). The dip of gypsum bearing beds throughout the project area averaged 25 degrees, which is considered fairly steep for economic mining due to excessive overburden at depths. No gypsum mines currently occur within Fremont County, and the nearest processing plant for gypsum is located approximately 175 miles to the north in Park County, Wyoming. Gypsum is a fairly consistent market and there has been no past prospecting enterprise for gypsum within the study area, which further indicates this deposit is not considered prospectively valuable. Therefore, although gypsum occurs within the project area, reasonably foreseeable development potential is considered low.

Bentonite: The occurrence potential for bentonite deposits in the Beaver and Upper Mowry beds is considered H/D. This rating indicates that bentonite certainly occurs within the study area. Dips and thicknesses of bentonite are likely amenable to surface mining applications in some portions of the project area. However, sample test results indicate that the bentonite is of relatively poor quality. Bentonite deposition is fickle, and it is possible that other deposits within the study area may be of high-enough quantity to be considered valuable. The past presence of mining claims and the two Notice level exploration projects that have occurred within the study area indicate that the bentonite is of prospective value. However, the fact that those claims were dropped when maintenance fees increased while other claims were kept nearby by the same claimant indicates that the exploration project did not identify valuable deposits. Additionally, hauling distances for any bentonite that could be developed at this location would likely be uneconomic. Therefore, for the reasons listed above, bentonite development within the study area is considered low. 29

9.2 Salable and Leasable Minerals Salable and leasable minerals with occurrence potential within the study area consist of limestone and oil/gas both with an H/D rating for occurrence. Future development of limestone is likely to occur within the project area if another road construction project occurs nearby, especially considering the lack of good construction aggregate material within the area south of Lander. Although there are active leases that overlap the project area, it is unlikely that additional drilling for oil/gas would occur within the study area, particularly considering the restrictions placed on the area for drilling in the Lander RMP (2014). 10.0 References Heathman, J.H., 1939, Bentonite in Wyoming, Geological Survey of Wyoming, Bulletin No. 28, Laramie, WY, pg. 14.

Bureau of Land Management (BLM), 2009, Lander Field Office Planning Area, Final Mineral Occurrence and Development Potential Report; BLM, Lander Field Office, WY.

Bureau of Land Management (BLM), 2014, Lander Record of Decision and Approved Resource Management Plan, June 26, 2014.

NatureServe, National Gap Analysis Program, and U.S. National Vegetation Classification (USNVC), 2013, EcosysLanderBLM.shp, Bureau of Land Management, Lander Field Office GIS database, accessed: 12/27/2013.

Fremont County Weed and Pest, Wyoming, 2013, AllWeedPoints.shp, Bureau of Land Management, Lander Field Office GIS database, accessed: 12/27/2013

Johnson, J.F., Sutherland, W.M., 2009, Geologic Map of the Lander 30’x60’ Quadrangle, Fremont County, Wyoming, Wyoming State Geological Survey (WSGS), Laramie, WY.

Love, J.D., Christensen, A.C., 1993, Stratigraphic Chart Showing Nomenclature for the State of Wyoming, United States Geological Survey (USGS) and Wyoming State Geological Survey (WSGS), Laramie, WY.

Osterwald, F.W., Osterwald, D.B., Long, J.S., and Wilson, W.H., 1966, Mineral Resources of Wyoming; the Geological Survey of Wyoming, Bulletin No. 50.

Willis, J.J., Groshong, R.H. Jr., 1993, Deformational Style of the Wind River Uplift and Associated Flank Structures, Wyoming; Wyoming Geological Association Guidebook: Oil and Gas and Other Resources of the Wind River Basin, Wyoming, Special Symposium 1993.

Gersic, J., 1993, Nonmetallic Mineral Resources of the Wind River Indian Reservation (excluding fuels); Wyoming Geological Association Guidebook: Oil and Gas and Other Resources of the Wind River Basin, Wyoming, Special Symposium 1993.

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Sutherland, W.M., 1990, Gemstones, Lapidary Materials, and Geologic Collectables in Wyoming, Geological Survey of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, pg. 7

Rohrer, W.L., 1971, Township Report, T. 32 N., R. 98 W., 6th Principal Meridian, Fremont County, Wyoming: Administrative Officer, Branch of Mineral Classification, U.S. Department of the Interior.

Brocka, C.G., Bauer, R.L., 2008, Geologic Map of the Weiser Pass Quadrangle, Fremont County, Wyoming, Mineral Survey (MS) 80; Wyoming State Geological Survey (WSGS), Laramie, WY. 11.0 Attachments Attachment 1. JBR mineral report geo investigation 7Mar2014 Attachment 2. JBR mineral report geo investigation 28Mar2014 Attachment 3. JBR Mineral report Sampling Memo 10Apr2014 Attachment 4. Bentonite Testing results memo Attachment 5. Gypsum Testing results memo Attachment 6. 3031-Energy and Mineral Resources Assessment, Mineral Potential Classification System