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River Noe, Nether Brook, Derbyshire

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River Noe, Nether Brook, Derbyshire ARCHAEOLOGICAL DESK-BASED ASSESSMENT: RIVER NOE, NETHER BROOK, DERBYSHIRE NGR: SK 1457 8594 PA: Peak District National Park Authority Planning Ref.: n/a PCAS Job No.: 862 Report prepared for NMCNomenca On behalf of Severn Trent Water By, K.D. Francis (BA MIfA) April 2012 Pre-Construct Archaeological Services Ltd 47, Manor Road Saxilby Lincoln LN1 2HX Tel. 01522 703800 Fax. 01522 703656 Pre-Construct Archaeological Services Ltd Contents List of Figures...........................................................................................................................2 List of Plates.............................................................................................................................3 Non-Technical Summary ..........................................................................................................4 1.0 Introduction....................................................................................................................5 2.0 Planning Background and Proposals .............................................................................5 3.0 Methodology ..................................................................................................................5 4.0 The Site .........................................................................................................................9 4.1 Site Location ..................................................................................................... 9 4.2 Topography and Geology.................................................................................. 9 4.3 Boreholes and Site Investigations ................................................................... 11 4.4 Site Visit.......................................................................................................... 11 5.0 Archaeological and Historical Background...................................................................11 5.1 Undated Archaeological evidence................................................................... 12 5.2 Prehistoric (c.500, 000 BC – 43 AD) ............................................................... 12 5.3 Roman (43 AD – 409 AD) ............................................................................... 13 5.4 Saxon (410 – 1066 AD)................................................................................... 13 5.5 Medieval (1066 – 1539 AD)............................................................................. 13 5.6 Post-medieval (1540 – 1900) .......................................................................... 14 5.7 Modern (1900 - Present)................................................................................. 17 5.8 Synthesis of Archaeological Potential ............................................................. 18 5.9 Hedgerows...................................................................................................... 19 6.0 Heritage Designations..................................................................................................19 6.1 Scheduled Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites............................... 19 6.2 Listed Buildings and their Settings .................................................................. 19 6.3 Registered Parks and Gardens ....................................................................... 20 6.4 Conservation Areas......................................................................................... 20 6.5 Significance of the Heritage Designations....................................................... 20 7.0 Potential Impact on Archaeological Remains & Cultural Heritage ................................20 8.0 Conclusions and Recommendations............................................................................21 9.0 Acknowledgements......................................................................................................21 10.0 Consultations and Searches, etc. ................................................................................21 11.0 References and Background Sources..........................................................................21 Maps Consulted....................................................................................................... 24 Web-pages.............................................................................................................. 24 12.0 Appendices: .............................................................................................................26 Appendix 1: Plates................................................................................................... 26 Appendix 2: Site walkover grid co-ordinates ............................................................ 27 Appendix 3: DHER Monument Entries within a 1 km radius of the site (DHER) ....... 28 Appendix 4: NMR listings of vertical aerial photographs .......................................... 29 Figures...................................................................................................................................30 DBA: River Noe, Nether Brook, Derbyshire. 1 PCAS Ltd., 2012, 862. Rev 0 List of Figures 1. Site location. Based on the 1:25,000 OS Explorer map, sheet OL1. 2. Detailed site plan showing locations of GPS co-ordinates. Scale 1:250. 3. DHER Monument records within the 500m study corridor (courtesy of DCC). 4. The site in 1898. Extract from the 25-inch OS. Sheets VI.8 & VII.5. 5. The site in 1955. Extract from the 6-inch OS, sheet SK18. 6. River Noe proposals plan (not to scale). © Ordnance Survey maps reproduced with the sanction of the Controller of HM Stationery Office (PCAS Licence No. 100049278). DBA: River Noe, Nether Brook, Derbyshire. 2 PCAS Ltd., 2012, 862. Rev 0 List of Plates 1. Stone culvert within Lady Booth Brook, looking east 2. Stone culvert within Lady Booth Brook, looking northwest 3. Lady Booth Brook forming the ’northern boundary, looking west 4. Lady Booth Brook along the ’northern boundary, looking east 5. Modern culvert within Lady Booth Brook, looking east 6. Northern pasture field with possible lynchet along line of former (removed post-1955) field boundary, looking NW 7. Northern pasture field, looking north 8. Linear embankment, part of the dam installation, looking SW 9. Woodland and former riverbank in the centre of the site, looking NW 10. Woodland in the centre of the site, looking north 11. Woodland and pond in the centre of the site, looking west 12. The mid-20th century dam, looking south 13. The dam and reservoir with Lose Hill in background, looking southwest 14. The boggy reservoir area with ‘’signs, looking south 15. The boggy reservoir area with ‘’signs, looking southeast 16. The boggy reservoir area with ‘’signs, looking southwest 17. The boggy reservoir area, looking west 18. The western half of the site, looking southwest DBA: River Noe, Nether Brook, Derbyshire. 3 PCAS Ltd., 2012, 862. Rev 0 Non-Technical Summary Pre-Construct Archaeological Services Ltd (PCAS) were commissioned in March 2012 by NMCNomenca, on behalf of Severn Trent Water, to prepare an archaeological desk-based assessment of a short section of the River Noe at Nether Brook, Derbyshire (centred on NGR: SK 1457 8594). The study area comprises the redline ‘site’ and a 1km search radius. A total of six Derbyshire Historic Environment Records are listed within the 1km study radius. None of these relate to the site itself; and the closest record is the discovery of a Roman quern-stone close to Nether Booth, c. 150m to the northwest. The remaining HER records are all site-specific monuments and find-spots that would not be impacted by the STW proposals. During the medieval period, the site would have formed part of the Royal Forest of the Peak, where common settlement was restricted. Lady Booth, a small settlement located to the north of the site, was probably established at this time as a pasturage unit leased within the forest and used as a temporary shelter for livestock. Historical maps of the site provide 19th-century place-name evidence to suggest that a mill may have existed at some time, either on, or in the vicinity of, the reservoir at the western end of the site, but no other evidence has been found to support this theory. However, it is concluded that the site has a moderate potential for medieval and post-medieval archaeological remains. The current proposals for the site include the excavation of silt deposits from the reservoir section of the river to the west of the dam. Part of the pasture field forming the northern part of the site has been identified by STW as a potential silt disposal site. The impact of the silt removal works on any surviving archaeological remains within the reservoir area would be significant. On this basis, and with logistics and Health & Safety permitting, it is recommended that archaeological monitoring is carried out in during these works. This assessment has been undertaken by Karen Francis BA MIFA of Pre-Construct Archaeological Services Ltd., for NMCNomenca, on behalf of Severn Trent Water. DBA: River Noe, Nether Brook, Derbyshire 4 PCAS Ltd., 2011:862 Rev 0 1.0 Introduction 1.1 Pre-Construct Archaeological Services Ltd (PCAS) were commissioned in March 2012 by NMCNomenca, on behalf of Severn Trent Water (STW), to prepare an archaeological desk-based assessment of a short section of the River Noe at Nether Brook, Derbyshire (centred on NGR: SK 1457 8594). The study area comprises the redline ‘’and a 1km study radius (Fig. 1). The assessment has been prepared in response
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