Indigenous Peoples Plan

Project Number: 41220-013 July 2018

Republic of the : Integrated Natural Resources and Environmental Management Project

Bontoc,

Prepared by the Municipality of Bontoc, Mountain Province in the Cordillera Administrative Region, Republic of the Philippines for the Asian Development Bank Integrated Natural Resources and Environmental Management Project

RRP PHI 4122

CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of 30 April 2017 Year) The date of the currency equivalents must be within 2 months from the date on the cover. Currency unit – peso (PhP) PhP1.00 = $0.01921 $1.00 = PhP49.8198

i Integrated Natural Resources and Environmental Management Project

RRP PHI 41220-013 ABBREVIATIONS

ADB Asian Development Bank BDC Development Council ADSDPP Ancestral Domain Sustainable Development and Protection Plan ALBAGO Alab-Balili-Gonogon BCR Benefit Cost Ratio BFAR Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources BHW Barangay Health Worker BLGU Barangay Local Government Unit CADT Certificate of Ancestral Domain Titles CENRO Community Environmental and Natural Resources Office CIS Communal Irrigation System COE Council of Elders CSO Civil Society Organization DA Department of Agriculture DENR Department of Environment and Natural Resources DPWH Department of Public Works and Highways EIAMMP Environment Impact Assessment Management and Monitoring Plan EIRR Economic Internal Rate of Return FMR Farm to Market Road FPIC Free and Prior Informed Consent GRC Grievance Redress Committee ICC Indigenous Cultural Communities INREMP Integrated Natural Resources and Environment Management Project IP Indigenous People IPDF Idigeous Peoples Deelopeḁ . t Frae o rk IPP Indigenous Peoples Plan IPRA Indigenous Peoples Rights Act

ii Integrated Natural Resources and Environmental Management Project

RRP PHI 41220-013 LIG Livelihood Interest Group LGU Local Government Unit PCCP Portland Cement Concrete Pavement MAO Municipal Agriculturist Office MLGU Municipal Local Government Unit MOA Memorandum of Agreement MPDO Municipal Planning and Development Office MSWDO Municipal Social Welfare and Development Office NAAD Network of Areas for Agricultural Development NCB National Competitive Bidding NCIP National Commission on Indigenous Peoples NPAA Network of Protected Agricultural Areas NPCO National Project Coordinating Office NSO National Statistics Office PMU Project Management Unit POs Peoples Orgaizatios PPCO Provincial Project Management Offices RC Reinforced Concrete RCPC Reinforced Concrete Pipe Culvert REA Rapid Environmental Assessment RHO Rural Health Office RI Rural Infrastructure ROW Right of Way RPMO Regional Project Management Office RPCO Regional Project Coordinating Office SB SFR Small Farm Reservoir

iii Integrated Natural Resources and Environmental Management Project

RRP PHI 41220-013 SPMU Sub-Project Management Unit SPS Safeguard Policy Statement TOR Terms Of Reference

iv Integrated Natural Resources and Environmental Management Project

RRP PHI 41220-013 WEIGHTS AND MEASURES ˚C – degree centigrade ha – hectare km – kilometer m – meter m asl – meter above sea level mm – millimeter mg/L – milligram per liter mg/Nm3 – milligram per normal cubic meter ppt – parts per thousand μg/N3 – microgram per normal cubic meter µS/cm – microSiemens/cm % – percent

NOTE In this report, "$" refers to US dollars unless otherwise stated.

This Indigenous Peoples Plan is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature.

In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.

v Integrated Natural Resources and Environmental Management Project

RRP PHI 41220-013 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

I. EXECUTIVE SUMMA‘ Y ……………………………………………………………………………………8 II. PROJECT DESCRIPTION ………………………………………………………………………………9 - 13 III. SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT …………………………………………………………………13 – 25 IV. INFORMATION DISCLOSURE, CONSULTATION AND PARTICIPATION………..25 – 27 V. BENEFICIAL AND MITIGATIVE MEASU‘ ES………………………………………………..25 – 38 VI. CAPACITY BUILDING ………………………………………………………………………………..28 - 29 VII. INSTITUTIONAL A‘ ‘ ANGEMENT………………………………………………………………29 – 30 VIII. G‘ IEVANCE ‘ EDNESS MECHANISM………………………………………………………….30 – 32 IX. MONITO‘ ING, ‘ EPO‘ TING AND EVALUATION…………………………………………32 – 33 X. BUDGET AND FINANCING…………………………………………………………………………33 - 34

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1: Bontoc Municipal Map

LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Distance of each Purok from Barangay (Sitio Chata) (in kms)

Table 2: Population of Barangay Dalican

Table 3: Summary of Communities’ View on the Proposed Road Rehabilitation in Dalican, Bontoc, Mt. Province

Table 4: Summary of Stakeholder Views of the Road Improvement in Dalican

Table 5: Anticipated Beneficial and Adverse Impacts with Sustaining and Mitigating Measures

Table 6: Proposed budget for IPP

vi Integrated Natural Resources and Environmental Management

Project RRP PHI 41220-013 LIST OF APPENDICES

APPENDIX–01 NCIP Certification on Ancestral Domain

APPENDIX–02 Minutes of Meeting and Attendance (October 19, 2017)

APPENDIX–03 DENR – CENRO Certification on Land Classification

APPENDIX–04 Post Activity Report – Barangay Public Assembly

APPENDIX–05 Attendance Sheet – Barangay Public Assembly

APPENDIX–06 Photo Documentation - Barangay Public Assembly

APPENDIX–07 Executive Order Organizing the Subproject Management Unit

APPENDIX–08 SB Resolution Accepting and Supporting the Subproject

APPENDIX–09 Barangay Certification Endorsing the Subproject

APPENDIX–10 Barangay Resolution Endorsing the Subproject

APPENDIX–11 Internal Monitoring Indicators

APPENDIX–12 External Monitoring Indicators

APPENDIX–13 Gender Checklist

APPENDIX–14 Environmental Impact Mitigation Plan

vii Integrated Natural Resources and Environmental Management Project

RRP PHI 41220-013 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1. The proposed Rural Infrastructure (RI) Sub-project is the "Improvement of Balitian, Bontoc Ili-Dalican FMR" which is located at Bontoc Ili and Dalican, in the Municipality of Bontoc, Mountain Province. Barangay Dalican is one of the beneficiary of Integrated Natural Resources and Environmental Management Project (INREMP) in the Municipality since it is one of the tributaries of Chico River. The access road will link barangay Dalican to Bontoc- national road and to the capital town of the province.

2. The proposed Improvement of Balitian, Bontoc Ili-Dalican FMR RI sub-project aims to improve the mobility of the community, and their access to health, education and social amenities, provide them reliable access to markets; and support agricultural and rural development. The Improvement of Balitian, Bontoc Ili-Dalican FMR will be implemented by contract. The sub-project cost is estimated to be Php23, 000,000.00 with projected construction duration of 210 calendar days.

3. At present, the road condition is dilapidated and needs upgrading and improvement. The 5.10 kms Improvement of the Balitian, Bontoc Ili-Dalican FMR is a gateway to economic investment and likewise will uplift living condition and improve the quality of life of the target community. Considering, that more agricultural p roduction will be realized and higher farm gate prices generated as one of the benefit that will be derived from the sub-project. The residents of the barangay and other people passing this access road are experiencing inconvenience and hazards because of its poor road condition. During rainy season, it is very difficult for any vehicle to pass through because the area is prone to accident due to eroded sections and rough depressions.

4. The main beneficiaries of the sub-project are the IP farmers, Bontok tribe, of Barangays Dalican, Guina-ang and Bontoc Ili, they are the main users of the road to transport their farm products and it is their access to the commercial center, Municipal, Provincial and National offices .

5. The analysis and solutions to the potential environment sub-project impact and mitigating measures are reflected in the attached Environment Impact Assessment Management and Monitoring Plan (EIAMMP).

6. The subproject gives hope to the community in gaining more opportunities environmentally, socially and economically. The economic analysis of this subproject shows positive result in the benefit cost ratio (BCR) and economic internal rate of return (EIRR) computation. Making the subproject technically feasible and economically viable. The subproject is eco- socio acceptable since the subproject will uplift the social, political, cultural and economic status of the people. Other factors are also considered from pre to post phase of the construction period to make it environmentally sound.

8 Integrated Natural Resources and Environmental Management Project

RRP PHI 41220-013 II. PROJECT DESCRIPTION 1. Components 7. The whole stretch of the road is disturbed by protruding rocks and surface runoff channels in the middle of the road. Proposed subproject has a total length of 5.10 km with a design width of 4 m and 3 m carriageway and 1 m shoulder at both sides. The road improvement primarily will be clustered into two sections: the 3.320 km length of steep road is already concreted but needs improvement while the remaining 1.78 km length semi-flat surface will be subjected to provision of Portland Cement Concrete Pavement (PCCP), RCPC cross drainages, and lateral drainages. The 3.220 km concrete road will start from Sta. 0+000 (Sitio Balitian, Bontoc Ili/Junction Bontoc-Baguio National road) up to Sta. 3+163.70 and Sta. 3+278 up to Sta. 3+418.70. The concreting of road will start at Sta. 3+163.70 up to 3+278 and 3+418.70 up to the end at Sta. 5+100.

8. Construction works and specification of materials shall comply with engineering and construction standards set-forth by the Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH). Materials as quantified and estimated (cost) are assumed to be available in the locality. Prevailing market price is used to achieve the approved agency estimate which subsequently will be used as basis for the anticipated evaluation of bids, since the construction of the subproject will be through national competitive bidding (NCB). Proposed scope of works is divided into four major Items: 1) Site development works, 2) Portland Cement Concrete Pavement (PCCP); 3) Concrete lateral drain; and 4) RCPC Cross Drainages.

9. The following are the major technical specifications of the subproject:

A. Clearing and Grubbing: (Item 100) 10. Clearing, grubbing, removing and disposing all vegetation and debris as designated in the Contract, except those objects that are designated to remain in place or are to be removed in consonance with other provisions of this Specification. The work shall also include the preservation from injury or defacement of all objects designated to remain.

B. Surplus Common Excavation: (Item 102) 11. Consist of roadway and drainage and borrow excavation and the disposal of material in accordance with this Specification and in conformity with the lines, grades and dimensions shown on the Plans or established by the Engineer.

C. Surplus Rock Excavation: (Item 102) 12. This item is composed of slope and borrow excavation and the disposal of material in accordance with this Specification and in conformity with the lines, grades and dimensions shown on the Plans or established by the Engineer.

9 Integrated Natural Resources and Environmental Management Project

RRP PHI 41220-013

D. Pipe Culvert and Drainage Excavation: Item 103c (6) 13. This item consist of the necessary excavation for foundation of culverts, underdrains, and other structures not otherwise provided for in the Specifications. Except as otherwise provided for pipe culvert, the backfilling of completed structures and the disposal of all excavated surplus materials, shall be in accordance with these Specifications and in reasonably close conformity with the Plans or as established by the Engineer.

E. Embankment: (Item 104) 14. Construction of embankment in accordance with this Specification and in conformity with the lines, grades and dimensions shown on the Plans or established by the Engineer.

F. Sub-grade Preparation: (Item 105) 15. Preparation of the sub-grade for the support of overlying structural layers shall be made. It must extend to full width of the roadway. Unless authorized by the Engineer, sub-grade preparation shall not be done unless the Contractor is able to start immediately the construction of the pavement structure.

G. Aggregate Sub-Base Course: (Item 200) 16. This item consists of furnishing, placing and compacting an aggregate base course on a prepared sub-grade/sub-base in accordance with this Specification and the lines, grades, thickness and typical cross-sections shown on the Plans, or as established by the Engineer. G. Aggregate Base Course: (Item 201) 17. This item is top course composed of gravel or crushed aggregate and binder material, whichever is called for in the bill of Quantities, constructed on a prepared base in accordance with this Specification and in conformity with the lines, grades and typical cross-sections shown on the Plans.

H. Portland Cement Concrete Pavement: (Item 311) 18. This item shall consist of pavement of Portland Cement Concrete, with or without reinforcement, constructed on the prepared base in accordance with this Specification and in conformity with lines, grades, thickness and typical cross- section shown on the plans.

I. Pipe Culverts and Storms Drains/ Lateral Drains: Item 500(1) and 900a1 (1) 19. This item shall consist of the construction or reconstruction of pipe culverts and storm drains, hereinafter referred to as “conduit” in accordance with this Specification and in conformity with the lines and grades shown on the Plans or as established by the Engineer.

J. Grouted Riprap: (Item 505) 20. This item shall consist of grouted riprap in minor structures, in headwalls for culverts, in retaining walls at the toes of slopes, and at other places called for on the Plans, constructed on the prepared foundation bed, in accordance with this Specification and in conformity with the lines, grades, sections, and dimensions shown on the Plans or as ordered in writing by the Engineer. 10 Integrated Natural Resources and Environmental Management Project

RRP PHI 41220-013

2. Activities that may bring impacts on IP 21. The Improvement of the Balitian Bontoc Ili to Dalican Farm to Market Road will have potential impacts both positive and negative to the area. The negative impacts will directly involve the increased risk of accident or injury, air pollution and noise, and unplanned urbanization. However, the positive impacts will mainly focus on increased delivery of agricultural products, provide access to natural resources management project sites, and opening for tourism businesses. To mitigate these impacts, the LGU of Bontoc and other concerned agencies shall initiate and implement the following: 1) set speed limit when passing through populated areas; 2) provide appropriate warning signs and lighting; 3) regular removal of debris, logs and other materials along drainage canals to avoid clogging; 4) regular vegetation control along run-off area to ensure free flow; 5) ensure that existing environmental management policies are effectively implemented and proper coordination involves different agencies; 6) adherence to land use and zoning regulations; and 7) promote tourism in the area through advertisement from the local and nationwide venue.

3. Project Area 22. Bontoc is one of the municipalities under the congressional district of Mountain Province. It is located in the central part of the Cordillera Administrative Region. It is bounded in the north by the Municipality of Tubo, , north east by the Municipality of , Mountain Province, east by the Municipality of , Mountain Province, south by the Municipality of and , , southwest by the Municipality of , Mountain Province, and west by the Municipality of , Mountain Province (see Figure 1: Bontoc Municipal Map). With a land area of 39,612 hectares, it has an approximate elevation of 900 meter above sea level.

Figure 1. Bontoc Municipal Map 11 Integrated Natural Resources and Environmental Management Project

RRP PHI 41220-013

23. The Municipality of Bontoc is about 146 kilometers from the summer capital of the Philippines, the City of Baguio. It is approximately 6 hours ride passing thru the famous Halsema Highway. The La Trinidad Trading post of Province is the nearest biggest market center where most of the farmers from the province sell their farm products.

24. Bontoc has a total road network of 106.96 kilometers in which 77.76% is concrete, 10.00% is gravel and 12.24% is earth paved.

25. Out of the 16 barangays in the municipality, 11 are along the national highway and the other five (5) are interior barangays.

26. The municipality has a total land area of 39,612 hectares comprising of 16 barangays. Out of the total land area, Bontoc has 562.42 hectares that are alienable and disposable (A & D), 7,997.39 hectares are timberland, 10,770.12 hectares are Chico River Forest Reserve and 20,282.30 hectares are Central Cordillera FR 20. About 9.14% of the total land areas are urban and 90.83% are rural. Areas which is considered urban are: , Samoki, Caluttit and Bontoc Ili and rural namely Alab Oriente, Alab Proper, Balili, Bayyo, Caneo, Dalican, Gonogon, Maligcong, Talubin and Tocucan. Dalican Barangay is included in the application of Ancestral Domain for Bontoc Upland Barangay. (see Appendix 1: NCIP Certification on Ancestral Domain)

27. Like almost all of the municipalities, Barangay Poblacion is considered as an urban area. However, some other areas outside the proximity of the Poblacion are now fast developing as urban areas where settlements begin to establish rapidly. For this reason, some barangays were approximately considered as urbanizing barangays. These are the barangays of Samoki, Caluttit and Bontoc Ili. Although they are noted to be urban barangays, the agricultural activities still play a dominant role in their respective communities.

28. Topography of the municipality is characterized as mountainous and rugged terrain to flat lands.

29. There are five (5) major types of soil in the municipality namely: 1. Mountain soil, 2. Natonin loam, 3. rough mountainous land, Sabangan and Sagada clay. These types of soil are sustainable for agriculture specifically for rice, fruit trees and other high value crops.

30. Barangay Dalican is a close-by barangay located in the municipality of Bontoc. It is bounded in the east by barangay Guina-ang, south by Barangay Bontoc Ili, west by Barangay Fedilisan and Tetep-an, Sagada, Mountain Province and north Barangay Mainit.

12 Integrated Natural Resources and Environmental Management Project

RRP PHI 41220-013 31. The barangay has a total land area of 1,117 hectares. It is divided into five (5) sitios. Each sitio is under the direct supervision of the barangay chairman. The barangay chairman is fully supported by his Sangguniang Barangay and the entire community. The sitios are listed below with their corresponding distance from the Centro or Sitio Chata.

Table 1. Distance of Each Purok from Barangay (Sitio Chata) (in km.) Purok Name Distance in km Kadattay 0.75 km Mabago 0.25 km Bubu-ong 0.25 km Ka-ang 0.25 km

32. All the 1,117 hectares’ total land area of barangay Dalican is considered mountainous. This area is suited for agriculture. Barangay Dalican soil type is mostly Natonin loam where it attributes 80% and mountain soil (undifferentiated) where it attributes 20%. In land classification, the biggest portion is timberland which is 27.39% and the remaining 72.61% is classified as residential and agricultural land.

III. Social impact assessment A. Legal and Institutional Framework applicable to IP in project context

Philippine Constitution of 1987

33. Under Constitution of the Philippines a number of Articles have been included for the protection of the indigenous cultural communities in particular. These are: 1. Article II of Section 22 recognizes and promotes the rights of indigenous cultural communities within the framework of national unity and development.

2. Article XII of Section 5 empowers the State, subject to the provisions of this Constitution and national development policies and programs, shall protect the rights of indigenous cultural communities to their ancestral lands to ensure their economic, social, and cultural well-being.

3. Article XIII of Section 6 confers the State shall apply the principles of agrarian reform or stewardship, whenever applicable in accordance with law, in the disposition or utilization of other natural resources, including lands of the public domain under lease or concession suitable to agriculture, subject to prior rights, homestead rights of small settlers, and the rights of indigenous communities to their ancestral lands.

13 Integrated Natural Resources and Environmental Management Project

RRP PHI 41220-013

4. Article XIV of Section 2(4) encourages non-formal, informal, and indigenous learning systems, as well as self-learning, independent, and out-of-school study programs particularly those that respond to community needs. 5. Article XIV of Section 17 stipulates that the State shall recognize, respect, and protect the rights of indigenous cultural communities to preserve and develop their cultures, traditions, and institutions. It shall consider these rights in the formulation of national plans and policies.

6. Article XVI of Section 12 empowers the Congress to create a consultative body to advise the President on policies affecting indigenous cultural communities, the majority of the members of which shall come from such communities.

Indigenous Peoples Rights Act of 1997 (RA 8371)

34. The Indigenous Peoples (IP) in the Philippines remain as the most marginalized sector of society. This status continues despite the tremendous inroads achieved by communities, partners and advocates through years of struggle. In 1997, as a result of vigilance and the sustained advocacy of the IP sector and its partners, the Indigenous Peoples Rights Act (IPRA) was enacted. This provided venues and legal backbone for the recognition of the Traditional Rights of communities over their ancestral domain.

35. The IPRA provides for the recognition of the traditional rights of Indigenous Peoples over their ancestral domains through the issuance of Certificates of Ancestral Domain Titles (CADT). It recognizes the rights of ICCs to define their development priorities through their own Ancestral Domain Sustainable Development and Protection Plan (ADSDPP) and exercise management and utilize the natural resources within their traditional territories.

NCIP Administrative Order No. 3, Series of 2012

36. The NCIP AO 3 underscores the policy of the state that no concession, license, permit or lease or undertaking affecting ancestral domains will be granted or renewed without going through the free, prior and informed consent (FPIC) process, which is needed in the issuance of a Certification Precondition by the National Commission on Indigenous Peoples (NCIP).

DENR-NCIP Memorandum of Agreement and Implementing Guidelines

37. The DENR and NCIP entered into a Memorandum of Agreement (MOA) for the implementation of INREMP to ensure that provisions of the NCIP Administrative Order No. 3, Series of 2012 or the Revised Guidelines on Free and Prior Informed Consent and Related Processes of 2012, are fully considered and complied.

14 Integrated Natural Resources and Environmental Management Project

RRP PHI 41220-013 Meanwhile, the Implementing Guidelines on the Memorandum of Agreement between DENR and NCIP for the Implementation of the INREMP in Municipalities with Indigenous People’s Communities,” was promulgated with the following objectives:

1. Establish a common understanding and framework for the operationalization of the Memorandum of Agreement between DENR and NCIP for the implementation of the INREMP in areas with indigenous people’s communities;

2. Set the requirements and procedures in ensuring compliance to NCIP Administrative Order No. 3, Series of 2012 or the Revised Guidelines on Free and Prior Informed Consent and Related Processes of 2012;

3. Provide and ensure compliance with the procedure and the standards in the conduct of the required validation process; and

4. Protect the rights of the ICCs/ IPs in the introduction and implementation of plans, programs, projects, activities and other undertakings that will affect them and their ancestral domains to ensure their economic, social and cultural well-being.

Basic Principles of ADB Safeguard Policy, 2009

38. ADB Policy on Safeguards requirement for Indigenous peoples recognizes the right of Indigenous People to direct the course of their own development. Indigenous people are defined in different countries in various ways. For operational purpose, the term Indigenous people is used to refer to a distinct, vulnerable, social and cultural group with following characteristics:

1. Self-identification as members of a distinct indigenous cultural group and recognition of this community by others; 2. Collective attachment to geographically distinct habitats or ancestral territories and to the natural resources in the habitats; 3. Customary, cultural, economic, social or political institutions that are separate from those of dominant society and culture; and 4. A distinct language, often different from the official language of the country or region.

39. According to ADB policy Indigenous people’s safeguards are triggered if a project directly or indirectly affects the dignity, human rights, livelihood systems or culture of Indigenous people or affects the territories, natural or cultural resources that Indigenous people own, use, occupy or claim as their ancestral property.

40. The SPS sets out the following principles for IP safeguards in all projects in which ADB is involved:

15 Integrated Natural Resources and Environmental Management Project

RRP PHI 41220-013

1. Screen early on to determine (i) whether Indigenous Peoples are present in, or have collective attachment to, the project area; and (ii) whether project impacts on Indigenous Peoples are likely.

2. Undertake meaningful consultations with affected Indigenous Peoples communities and concerned Indigenous Peoples organizations to solicit their participation (i) in designing, implementing, and monitoring measures to avoid adverse impacts or, when avoidance is not possible, to minimize, mitigate, or compensate for such effects; and (ii) in tailoring project benefits for affected Indigenous Peoples communities in a culturally appropriate manner. To enhance Indigenous Peoples’ active participation, projects affecting them will provide for culturally appropriate and gender inclusive capacity development. Establish a culturally appropriate and gender inclusive grievance mechanism to receive and facilitate resolution of the Indigenous Peoples’ concerns.

3. Ascertain the consent of affected Indigenous Peoples communities to the following project activities: (i) commercial development of the cultural resources and knowledge of Indigenous Peoples; (ii) physical displacement from traditional or customary lands; and (iii) commercial development of natural resources within customary lands under use that would impact the livelihoods or the cultural, ceremonial, or spiritual uses that define the identity and community of Indigenous Peoples. For the purposes of policy application, the consent of affected Indigenous Peoples communities refers to a collective expression by the affected Indigenous Peoples communities, through individuals and/or their recognized representatives, of broad community support for such project activities. Broad community support may exist even if some individuals or groups object to the project activities.

4. Avoid, to the maximum extent possible, any restricted access to and physical displacement from protected areas and natural resources. Where avoidance is not possible, ensure that the affected Indigenous Peoples communities participate in the design, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation of management arrangements for such areas and natural resources and that their benefits are equitably shared.

5. Prepare an Indigenous Peoples plan (IPP) that is based on the social impact assessment with the assistance of qualified and experienced experts and that draw on indigenous knowledge and participation by the affected Indigenous Peoples communities. The IPP includes a framework for continued consultation with the affected Indigenous Peoples communities during project implementation; specifies measures to ensure that Indigenous Peoples receive culturally appropriate benefits; identifies measures to avoid, minimize, mitigate, or compensate for any adverse project impacts; and includes culturally appropriate grievance procedures, monitoring and evaluation arrangements, and a budget and time-bound actions for implementing the planned measures.

16 Integrated Natural Resources and Environmental Management Project

RRP PHI 41220-013

6. Disclose a draft IPP, including documentation of the consultation process and the results of the social impact assessment in a timely manner, before project appraisal, in an accessible place and in a form and language(s) understandable to affected Indigenous Peoples communities and other stakeholders. The final IPP and its updates will also be disclosed to the affected Indigenous Peoples communities and other stakeholders.

7. Prepare an action plan for legal recognition of customary rights to lands and territories or ancestral domains when the project involves (i) activities that are contingent on establishing legally recognized rights to lands and territories that Indigenous Peoples have traditionally owned or customarily used or occupied, or (ii) involuntary acquisition of such lands. Monitor implementation of the IPP using qualified and experienced experts; adopt a participatory monitoring approach, wherever possible; and assess whether the IPP’s objective and desired outcome have been achieved, taking into account the baseline conditions and the results of IPP monitoring. Disclose monitoring reports.

41. The Borrower is required to prepare an Indigenous People’s Plan to protect, and ensure benefits for, indigenous Peoples affected by the Project. According to the Indigenous People’s Safeguards Sourcebook, “The borrower/client is responsible for assessing projects and their environmental and social impacts, preparing safeguard plans, and engaging with affected communities through information disclosure, consultation, and informed participation following all policy principles and safeguard requirements.” According to the Sourcebook, “IP safeguards are triggered when a project affects either positively or negatively and either directly or indirectly the indigenous people.” Furthermore, “the project is expected to have only limited impact and is accordingly categorized as B.” In the same Sourcebook, it is noted that “a stand-alone IPP may not have to be prepared when … only positive impacts are expected from the project.” ADB clarified that given the scale and complexity of the project, the potential for not achieving certain intended positive impact on indigenous peoples justifies in Category B and warrants preparation of the IPP to help achieve intended impact on indigenous peoples group. Specific to INREM, the Indigenous People’s Development Framework (IPDF) “ensures that INREMP subprojects are designed and implemented in a way that fosters full respect for IP identity, dignity, human rights, livelihood systems and cultural uniqueness as defined by the IPs themselves to enable them to (i) receive culturally appropriate social and economic benefits, (ii) do not suffer adverse impacts as a result of the project, and (iii) can participate actively in the project. For this purpose, an IP Plan (IPP) will be prepared in participating areas and an Ancestral Domain Sustainable Development and Protection Plan (ADSDPP) will be enhanced or formulated in areas covered by ancestral domain claims.”

17 Integrated Natural Resources and Environmental Management Project

RRP PHI 41220-013

B. Baseline Information about the IPs (demographic, social, cultural, political, land and territories, natural landscape, natural resources on which they depend)

42. Ninety-eight percent or 198 households of the total 203 households in Barangay Dalican belong to the Bontok ethnic group. Bontok tribe are an indigenous Peoples of the Northern Philippines. They are part of the collective group of Indigenous People known as the . The name bontok came from the language which they speak. The only difference among the Bontok are the way they speak like intonation and the usage of some words. Entry of other ethnic groups like Ilocano and Tagalog is due to intermarriage. Being permanent resident, they were gradually assimilated in the local culture and dialect.

Demographic Characteristics 43. The latest census of population was in the year 2015 of which the Municipality has registered a total population of 24,420. During the last three (3) preceding consecutive census of population (2005-2010-2015), Bontoc maintained an increasing population with more males than females.

44. The Municipality of Bontoc has a projected annual increase of population of 0.66%. With this rate, the Municipality will double its population in less than 50 years. The latest census was in 2015, it registered an average household size of four (4). With this information, it shows that a family in Bontoc has a mother and a father with two (2) to three (3) children in a household.

45. The delineated road influence area covers 1,117 hectares which is mostly an agricultural land. The population of road influence area based on the CBMS (Community Based Monitoring System) survey conducted by the MPDO (Municipal Planning and Development Office) reached to about 1,196 wherein 597 are males and 599 are females, who are all residents of Barangay Dalican.

Table 2: Population of Barangay Dalican

Barangay (within RIA) Population House Holds

Male Female Total

Dalican 597 599 1,196 203

Total 597 599 1,196 203 Source of data: NSO 2015 46. Average Annual Population Growth Rate: 0.66

18 Integrated Natural Resources and Environmental Management Project

RRP PHI 41220-013

Basic Social Services

a. Social Welfare and Development

47. The Municipal Social Welfare and Development Office (MSWDO) is composed of nine staffs of which two (2) are Social Workers; one (1) Municipal Social Welfare and Development Officer, one (1) Social Welfare Officer, two (2) Social Welfare Aide, one (1) Admin Aide, one (1) Job Order (Social Worker) and one casual (Social Worker). They were able to serve 610-day care children, 640 senior citizens who are beneficiaries of the social pension for indigent senior citizens, 256 differently able persons, 28 solo parents and 35 Kalipi. One of the sub- program of the MSDW is the 4Ps program which consist of 85 male clients and 359 female clients.

48. In coordination with the Philippine National Police Child and Women’s Desk Officer, they had also served women in difficult circumstances and children in Need of Special Protection such as violation of R.A. 7610, etc. The 16 barangays have functional day care center with 28-day care workers implementing the early childhood care and development.

b. Health Services

49. The Main Health Center of the Municipality is the Bontoc General Hospital, located at Caluttit, Bontoc, which is 8 (eight) kms from the project area. It has 16 Barangay Health Stations. The Health Staff is composed of 28 permanent Health personnel namely: 1 (one) MHO, 2 (two) nurses, one (1) medical technologist, two (2) sanitation inspector, 17 midwives, two (2) nursing assistants, two (2) aide and one (1) driver; 17 contractual employees, 16 active Barangay Health Workers (BHW).

50. The high report of mortality cases in the municipality is from the Bontoc General Hospital. Ranked with the highest number among causes of death is due to pneumonia and accident.

51. Included also are list of lifestyle diseases like myocardial infarction, cardiovascular diseases and hypertension.

c. Water

52. The Bontoc Water Work office is the prime provider and governing body with regards to water supply of the Municipality. As of 2015, there are a total of 978 households being served by the office. These households served are distributed in the central barangays namely Bontoc Ili, Caluttit, Poblacion and Samoki at level II and III. Other households tap their water supply in privately owned water system. The other 12 barangays source their water from their own barangays except Guina-ang that get their source from Mainit. The maintenance of water system is being done by the Barangay. Lack of water supply occurs during summer especially in the central barangays.

19 Integrated Natural Resources and Environmental Management Project

RRP PHI 41220-013

d. Education

53. Public and private elementary, secondary and tertiary schools under the district has an increasing trend for the past five years. Contributory factors to the increased of enrolment at the public and private elementary, secondary and tertiary level are the incoming of enrollees from different municipalities and provinces. Economic Situation i. Agricultural Area 54. In order to keep and preserve highly suitable agricultural lands for Dalican and in line with the food program of the national government, certain agricultural lands are protected against irreversible conversion such as those for urban uses. These lands are under the NPAA/NAAD or Network of Protected Agricultural Areas/Network of Areas for Agricultural Development. There are some barangays of the municipality that are under NPAA/NAAD. It is noted that barangay Dalican, where the proposed RI subproject is located, is not under the NPAA/NAAD classification. Rather, Barangay Dalican is declared as forest land as per land classification 3405 dated August 12, 1939 per certification issued by the DENR- CENRO. (see Appendix 03: DENR-CENRO Certification on Land Classification).

55. Rice production area in the entire municipality covers 1,122.40 hectares with a total production of 3,764 MT annually. Most of the varieties planted in this area are heirloom rice. There are two (2) cropping seasons for rice production (dry and wet season) for the central barangays and one cropping season for upland, riverside and Alab-Balili-Gonogon (ALBAGO) barangays. The rice areas are irrigated by Communal Irrigation Systems (CIS), Small Farm Reservoir (SFR) and spring development projects.

56. Vegetable area in the municipality is 30.94 hectares planted with highland and lowland vegetables such as pechay, beans, squash, tomatoes, cabbage, sweet pepper and other leafy vegetables, ampalaya, eggplant and okra. The vegetables produced are for home consumption and others are sold at the neighboring barangays and at the public market.

ii. Agroforestry and Plantation Areas 57. The combination of pine and mossy forest in barangay Dalican serves as sanctuaries for wild flora and fauna endemic to the municipality. Gathering of forest products is governed by customary laws which help protect the integrity of the forest. For example, lumber is harvested for the construction of houses for the community member only. Residents are not allowed to sell nor trade harvested lumber outside the community. Only those already existing agricultural land are utilized for production, and the forestland preserved as it is.

iii. Fisheries 58. In the municipality, about 80% pond culture is still expanding, however, due to lack of skills and technology, fish farming and quality fingerlings production

20 Integrated Natural Resources and Environmental Management Project

RRP PHI 41220-013

remain very low. The DA- BFAR has promoted tilapia as a priority commodity in fisheries. This is to provide employment and livelihood opportunities among rural fisher folks increase their income and contribute to food security especially at the household level, and assist the LGU-Municipal Agriculture Office (MAO) and fish farmers in accelerating the growth and development of tilapia industry in the locality by supplying quality tilapia fingerlings to fish farmers.

iv. Commerce and Industry 59. Bontoc being the capital town of Mt. Province is the center of commerce and industry. There are seven (7) banking institutions that cater the financial transactions of the people within the locality and other municipalities. Commercial establishments are located within the central barangays. There are six (6) furniture shops located at the central barangays. Weaving industry is located at barangays Caneo and Samoki. The woven products are sold within and outside the municipality.

Tourism

60. Existing tourist attractions in the municipality include Mainit hot springs, Maligcong and Bayyo rice terraces and Kaman Utek rock formation at Balili.

61. The municipality has also potential tourist attractions that are yet to be developed. These are the waterfalls at Sumuyo and Liyang in Talubin, Saf-I in Maligcong, Batikalang in Gonogon, Lake Posong in Dalican and burial caves in Alab. These tourist spots are not yet fully discovered due to their inaccessibility.

Income and Expenditures

62. The municipality has an agricultural-based economy. Farming remains the dominant economic activity among the people of Bontoc. Generally, the people in Bontoc are dependent in farming for their livelihood. Majority are having income below subsistence level.

63. There is no presence of a company that invest any industry in the project area like mining, Charcoal making or any other form.

Present Transport System

64. The transportation facilities that serve the municipality from Poblacion to the different barangays are public utility jeepneys, van and tricycle. However, public utility bus also serves the barangays along the national highway.

65. The residents of the upland barangays like Mainit and Guina-ang and also the people passing along the Bontoc-Mainit provincial road are experiencing inconvenience and hazards brought by its poor condition.

21 Integrated Natural Resources and Environmental Management Project

RRP PHI 41220-013

66. During rainy season, it is very difficult and dangerous for jeepney to pass through road because it is highly dilapidated, with numerous depressions and eroded surface. In line with this, a passenger jeep back in May 2012 carrying 28 people encountered a freak vehicular accident in Sitio Am-ancho along Dalican road. The report stated that the driver tried to avoid a pot hole that eventually lead the jeep 150 meters deep into the ravine. There were a number of deaths.

C. Key Project Stakeholders and Consultation Process of each stage of the project (elaborate a culturally appropriate and gender sensitive process for meaningful consultation, taking the review and baseline information into account)

67. In accordance with ADB SPS 2009, the process of information disclosure, consultation and participation of the IPs include understanding of their perceptions and taking into account their opinions with reference to their needs, priorities and preferences which are duly reflected in the minutes of the meetings as well as the reports of focus group discussions and key informant interviews. The INREMP’s IP Development Framework (IPDF) also underscores the importance of meaningful consultation with IP communities at each stage of project preparation and implementation. Through these consultations, the IPDF states that potential adverse and positive effects of the subproject can be identified with the affected IP communities. Subsequently, mitigating and/ or enhancing measures can thus be mutually developed with the IP communities. The public consultations were used as the primary tools of discussion with the community and to assess and enhance public understanding on the proposed road access rehabilitation subproject. Effort was made to understand and incorporate people’s views regarding the potential impact of the road access rehabilitation and their feedback, the tangible and intangible belief systems and structures and customary laws. Some of these meetings were conducted in the presence of the Municipal Planning and Development Officer (MPDO) and Provincial Planning and Coordinating Officer (PPCO) engineers, rural infrastructure engineer, DENR staff with technical assistance of the consultant and the National Commission on Indigenous Peoples (NCIP). This approach of community participatory consultation adopted towards the formulation of this IPP will be continued throughout the project implementation and monitoring phases.

68. Stakeholder participation and consultation were conducted by the LGU to help achieve public acceptance of the Subproject. In October 19, 2017 (see Appendix 2), the Team arrived at the municipality of Bontoc and initiated a meeting with the LGU/SPMU to discuss the objectives of the visit. After the meeting, site or ocular inspection was conducted to validate the scope of works and location. A write shop was also conducted which was attended by the SPMU and INREMP project persons. The consultation with barangay officials, residents, and local government unit of Bontoc confirmed that the rehabilitation of the access road is essential for economic development.

69. During the consultation conducted last December 07, 2017, (see Appendix 04- Minutes and Attendance during the public assembly) held at the Barangay Hall, 22 Integrated Natural Resources and Environmental Management Project

RRP PHI 41220-013 Dalican with beneficiaries and Barangay Development Council (BDC), the Improvement of the Balitian, Bontoc Ili - Dalican Farm to Market Road was one of the priority subprojects that the community identified and considered their most urgent need. Hence, the realization of the subproject will elevate the living condition and the quality of life of the target community considering that more agricultural production will be realized and higher farm gate price will be generated.

70. The Table below shows the results of the consultation:

Table 3. Summary of Communities’ View on the Proposed Road Rehabilitation in Dalican, Bontoc, Mt. Province .

Key Issue Responses

Benefits from the The following are the responses of the participants when asked what road rehabilitation e efits there e pe tig to gai fro the suproje t: expressed by on- 1. Improved access to markets for rice, vegetables and legumes and site social services and off-site 2. Children travel to school easily. stakeholders 3. Minimize time travel cost and delivery of goods. 4. Increased production and profit and livelihood will improve 5. Reduced vehicle operating cost and vehicle maintenance cost 6. Diversified agriculture and eco-tourism in the locality will be promoted

Pre- construction • No issues were identified in this phase phase issues

The contractor • An agreement must be done between LGU and the contractor on the may accidentally proper disposal of waste and to put up signage for proper waste spill diesel in disposal. nearby lots while refueling their heavy vehicles.

The contractor 1. Request the contractor, whoever it may be, to excavate slowly and embanking the cautiously and embank the soil immediately to road sections that excavated soil need to be filled. anywhere by 2. Request the contractor to have detour for vehicles during the road. implementation.

23 Integrated Natural Resources and Environmental Management Project

RRP PHI 41220-013

Concrete/ cement • PO, MLGU and BLGU would ensure that the contractor will not mix improper handling cement near the farm lot or near water surface nearby. Contractor should be advised to have their own mixing board. Contractor should also be advised to concrete one lane at a time so as not to hinder transport of goods and services.

Contractor washing • No issues were identified in this phase since there is no surface water in their equipment on the area. the nearby surface water.

Improper waste • PO members suggested that maintenance activities should be regularly disposal on the conducted. Canals should also be cleaned regularly road as there will be increase of people passing by

Possible increase 1. Another PO member suggested that road safety signs such as speed of vehicles utilizing limits should be put up along the road. the road, that may 2. Engr. Pablito Ing-inga ensured the installation of warning signages result to incidence along the road because vehicle riders may increase their speed since the road would already be in a good condition.

Improved • No issues were identified in this phase condition of road provides opportunity for illegal loggers to access forestry resources

Increased entry • The concern with regards to this matter is basically on the behavior of of migrant migrant workers who enter the area. They have the possibility to just workers in leave the premise without trace when involved in liabilities. As a search of mitigating measure, profiles of migrant workers shall be acquired and employment kept in record before they start working so that in cases of legal opportunities responsibilities, they shall be accounted for even when they leave the area.

24 Integrated Natural Resources and Environmental Management Project

RRP PHI 41220-013

Impact mitigation • Aside from the anticipated issues and its corresponding mitigations/ measures responses mentioned on the previous table, additional potential issues and mitigation measures are captured in the Environmental Impact Mitigation Plan of Dalican, Bontoc.

D. People’s Perception (gender sensitive assessment of IP perceptions about the project and impact on social, economic and cultural status) 71. The delineated road influence area covers 1,117.00 hectares which is mostly an agriculture land. The population of road influence area based on the survey conducted by the Municipal Planning and Development Office (MPDO) in the delineated road influence area reached about 1196 with 597 males and 599 females who are all residents of Barangay Dalican.

72. The proposed subproject will encourage both the males and females. This will open jobs and new opportunities for workers to be recruited along the subproject road. Local labor will be employed. Men are to carry out manual and unskilled tasks. The unskilled positions would include laborers, watchmen, etc. (see Appendix 13: Gender Checklist).

73. The women will also be involved in the planning, consultation, monitoring and evaluation activities and also during the operation and maintenance of the completed subproject. During the planning consultation of the subproject, the women will be of big help especially in the documentation process. Women residing in the subproject area will also be encouraged in monitoring and reporting of any development or changes in the subproject and the influence area.

IV. INFORMATION DISCLOSURE, CONSULTATION AND PARTICIPATION A. Stakeholder Consultations 74. The IPP process included stakeholder participation and consultation to help LGUs achieve public acceptance of the Subproject. In October 19, 2017, the team arrived at the municipality of Bontoc and initiated a meeting with the LGU/SPMU to discuss the objectives of the visit. After the meeting, site or ocular inspection was conducted to validate the scope of works and location. A write-shop was also conducted which was attended by the SPMU and INREMP project persons. The consultation with barangay officials, residents, and local government unit of Bontoc that was held on December 7, 2017 confirmed that the rehabilitation of the access road is essential for economic development (Appendices 4 – 6).

75. With the involvement of the LGU in the subproject activities of INREMP particularly in the implementation of rural infrastructure support facilities, they dedicated time and effort in participating with orientation, consultation, planning and training activities. Indeed, the Sangguniang Bayan (SB) or 25 Integrated Natural Resources and Environmental Management Project

RRP PHI 41220-013

Municipal Council passed a Resolution affirming support to INREMP and authorizing the Local Chief Executive (Mayor) to enter into contract for the Improvement of Balitian Bontoc Ili to Dalican Farm to Market Road (Appendices 7 - 10). Table 4. Summary of Stakeholder Views of the Road Improvement in Dalican Date of Consultation: December 07, 2017 Venue: Dalican Barangay Hall Total number of participants: 83 Group represented: local residents, IP leader, MLGU, BLGU, CSOs, LIGs Qs uestion Responses Benefits from the The following are the responses of the participants when asked what road rehabilitation benefits theyre expecting to gain from the subproject: expressed by on- site and off-site The Farm-to-Market give ease in the transport of farm inputs and stakeholders outputs The road serves as a firebreak for both sides of the road and facilitate in responding to forest fire Access to social services is improved Safe access for all, accidents prevented Livelihood improvement/ establishment

Pre- Beneficiaries Response Project Management Team Response

construction No issues identified No issues identified phase issues PO Suggestion/s: Construction No issues identified. phase issues Facilitator’s Suggestion/s:

Operation and No issues identified Fa cilitator ’s Suggestion/s: maintenance phase Issues Suggested impact Aside from the anticipated issues and its corresponding mitigation mitigation measure, the beneficiaries of the subproject to be vigilant during measures construction phase to check possible adverse impact and adopt corresponding mitigation measures

B.Information Disclosure

76. After study completion, the IPP documenting the mitigation measures and consultation process will be submitted to ADB for posting on their website, DENR- FMB, the Municipality of Bontoc and the affected Barangay office, and DENR regional office, which will make them available to the public. More informal and 26 Integrated Natural Resources and Environmental Management Project

RRP PHI 41220-013

vigorous level of disclosure and consultation will be done during implementation through: • The preparation and dissemination of a brochure in local languages, explaining the affected peoples’ entitlements and the procedures for obtaining compensation for temporary disturbances, trees, crops, and land for construction camps and recording grievances; and • Setting up a formal grievance redress committee with a representation from the affected people. Field consultant in association with the Contractor will be responsible for managing the effective grievance redress program.

V. BENEFICIAL AND MITIGATIVE MEASURES

77. The subproject aims to provide beneficial impacts to IPs, with them as the primary and major beneficiaries. Majority of Dalican residents are indigenous peoples. Except for a very small number of non-IP who are married with certain locals, almost all inhabitants of the barangay belong to the Bontok Tribe of the Cordillera Region. Having said this, the subproject will definitely benefit the target IPs. The benefits identified during the consultation are presented in Table 3.

78. The proposed subproject will not, in any way, affect the IP’s traditional socio- cultural and belief practices. Moreover, it will not negatively or adversely affect the livelihood systems of the IPs.

79. The subproject will help promote commercial development of cultural and natural resources. As the barangay is keen on promoting the tourism industry of the area, this intervention is welcomed. This will, in no way, cause for the neglect of cultural, ceremonial, and spiritual uses that defines the identity and community of IPs.

80. The proposed subproject does not require acquisition of lands that are traditionally owned or customarily used, occupied or claimed by IPs. Moreover, it does not overlap with other existing tenured areas.

81. The only negative issue that can be gleaned in the implementation of the subproject is the entry of migrant workers in search of employment opportunities. The community does not forbid the entry of migrant workers as they see them to be of value as helpers. The concern lies only on how the migrant workers behave themselves while in the area. Accounts have been reported of migrant workers involved in incidents who just leave the area without any further information about them. As a mitigating measure for this, profiles of migrant workers who wish to be employed in the area must be acquired so that they will be accounted for in cases of unpleasant incidents.

27 Integrated Natural Resources and Environmental Management Project

RRP PHI 41220-013

Table 5. Anticipated Beneficial and Adverse Impacts with Sustaining and Mitigating Measures

ANTICIPATED POSITIVE IMPACTS SUSTAINING MEASURES

Improved access to social services Implement road maintenance to sustain better delivery and access to social services

Safe access for all and zero delay of daily Road maintenance to be carried out to activities prevent occurrence of accidents

Decreased time of harvest delivery Implement road maintenance to sustain faster delivery of farm inputs and harvest

Increased production and profit Training on financial management will be made part of the capability building.

Reduced vehicle operating cost and vehicle Road maintenance to be carried out to help maintenance cost sustain smooth running condition of vehicles

Promotion of diversified agriculture and Eco-tourism activities to be planned out so eco-tourism industry as to sustain environmental protection

Livelihood improvement Livelihood trainings and establishments shall be provided in coordination with the offices of DTI and DOST ANTICIPATED NEGATIVE IMPACTS MITIGATING MEASURES

Increased entry of migrant workers in The concern with regards to this matter is search of employment opportunities basically on the behaviour of migrant workers who enter the area. They have the possibility to just leave the premise without trace when involved in liabilities. As a mitigating measure, profiles of migrant workers shall be acquired and kept in record before they start working so that in cases of legal responsibilities, they shall be accounted for even when they leave the area.

VI. CAPACITY BUILDING

82. Being in an area where majority (98%) are IPs, Barangay Dalican, like other barangays, are regular recipients of various trainings and workshops to capacitate them. Livelihood groups have been organized and various proposals to funding agencies for livelihood activities were approved. At present, livelihood 28 Integrated Natural Resources and Environmental Management Project

RRP PHI 41220-013

activities established in the area include swine raising, muscovado production, and heirloom rice production. Dairy milk production is the latest venture the barangay is starting to undertake.

83. The capacity building initiatives for the community are outlined with respect to all affected IPs including women and youth. These trainings are meant to be held collectively for a tribe or barangay at a time and place chosen by the participants, and would be specifically customized for each target participant. The skills training modules should be in their vernacular language.

84. Before arranging skills development trainings, the IP community will be organized for orientation workshop by the social safeguards expert and NGO/academe staff on expected project output and benefits. The orientation program will comprise sessions on development of the human capital especially women and youth groups by acclimatizing them to the oncoming opportunities, enhancing traditional and other learned skills and empowering them in a socio-culturally beneficial and appropriate manner. The workshops will be organized at various suitably located places as per convenience of the IP community.

85. Part of the community’s capacity building is the organization of a team of community volunteers who will undertake the monitoring of project implementation in the community. This team of volunteers will be given proper and ample training, not only in monitoring but in report preparation as well. They will also be provided with proper monitoring tools and protective personal equipment to use during monitoring activities. These volunteers can use the skills they will learn from the Project in future projects implemented in the barangay.

VII. INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENT

86. Mobilization of the influence community with all the IPs within the area will also be undertaken just to ensure the timely maintenance of the completed facility. There is a need for them to be involved being the direct users and in order to develop a sense of ownership and responsibility for the proposed subproject.

87. Through Executive Order No. 19, Series of 2017 (see Appendix 07), the LGU of Bontoc created the Sub Project Management Unit (SPMU). The SPMU is tasked, among others, to “prepare, implement and comply with the required social, technical and environmental safeguards, such as, but not limited to, resettlement plan, acquisition of right of ways, environmental compliances certificate/ certificate of non-coverage, to ensure the readiness of the subproject; incorporate social dimensions to the subproject design and implementation by conducting public consultation, information education and advocacy to the local development council and the community.”

88. The Project Management Implementation Consultants will be engaged to assist and work closely with the DA-INREMP implementing units and concerned LGUs on the various activities, including providing capacity to implement and monitor 29 Integrated Natural Resources and Environmental Management Project

RRP PHI 41220-013

the IP activities. Moreover, the participation of NCIP will also be ensured throughout the implementation of the project. VIII. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM

89. The Local Government Unit of Bontoc has properly conducted the consultations with the different stakeholders of the subproject site. However, it still has to make room for possible issues, concerns, or grievances and disputes arising from the communities in relation to the project implementation. Thus, it sets up a Grievance Redress Mechanism to provide a venue for resolving grievances and disputes even at the lowest level. This will be done to resolve disputes as early and as quickly as possible before it escalates to an unmanageable level.

90. Since, the community consultations were conducted smoothly and no adverse or violent reactions have been noted, there are only minor grievances that are anticipated which may arise. These are listed below:

1) Road accessibility related grievances – This may include complaints from communities using the roads under repair or construction due to temporary obstruction, which may cause delay in travel time and other inconveniences of the travelling public. 2) Construction related grievances – Community members may demand to be hired as part of the labor force in the project construction/implementation. This may also include complaints of community members regarding noise, drainage, and etc. 3) Indigenous Peoples related grievances – may come from IPs residing within the influence areas concerned with potential effects to ecological and social resources of their area/abode. 91. In case grievances and disputes do arise, there are existing groups in the area which can be tapped to form part of the GRM. In fact, different active groups exist in the area such as the Barangay Development Council (BDC) with its Lupon which is mainly in-charge of settling disputes related to barangay administration, and the IP Chieftain and IP Mandatory Representative, who also take care of resolving disputes relating to the indigenous people residing in the barangay.

92. A subproject-specific grievance redress mechanism will be established at the RPMO to receive, evaluate and facilitate the complaints/grievances of affected persons on the sub- project’s environmental performance . This mechanism will be disclosed to the host communities before start of civil works.

93. The grievance redress committee (GRC) will be chaired by the Regional Project Management Office (RPMO) head. Members will include the following: (i) designated GRM officer of PPCO, (ii) contractor’s highest official at the site such as the Construction Manager or the Construction Superintendent; and (iii) barangay chairperson. For the quick filing of complaints, the GRC will use the att ached grievance intake form (Appendix 10). The PPCO's GRM officer will be responsible for registration of grievances and communication with the aggrieved party.

30 Integrated Natural Resources and Environmental Management Project

RRP PHI 41220-013 94. The steps to be followed in filing complaints and the procedures for redress are the following: (i) complainant will provide the background and file the complaint verbally or in writing to the RPMO, and the RPMO's GRM officer will assist the complainant in filling-up the grievance intake form;

(ii) within 2 working days, the GRM Officer, contractor’s representative, and complainant will discuss if the complaint can be resolved without calling for a GRC meeting; (iii) within 3 days of lodging the complaint, the RPMO's GRM officer will provide the complainant a written feedback on the process, steps and timeframe for resolving the complaint. (iv) if the complaint cannot be resolved, a GRC meeting with the complainant will be called within 5 working days; (v) the GRC will have 15 working days to resolve the complaint; (vi) the complainant will receive feedback from the RPMO's GRM officer within 5 working days after the various steps of the GRM are completed; and (vii) if unsatisfied with the decision, the existence of the GRC will not impede the complainant's access to the Government's judicial, administrative remedies or through concerned government agencies (e.g., Community Environment and Natural Resources Office and Provincial Environment and Natural Resources Office of DENR, Regional offices of the Environmental Management Bureau, etc.)

95. The GRC will receive, follow-up and prepare monthly reports regarding all complaints, disputes or questions received about the Project and corresponding actions taken to resolve the issues. These reports will be included in the semi- annual environmental monitoring reports to be submitted to ADB.

Grievance Among IPs 96. Giving primacy to the traditional conflict resolution system, grievances will be handled following the procedure outlined below. In resolving disputes among the indigenous peoples, the determination or decision is usually reached through dialogue and consensus. There may be several conflict resolution sessions according to the specific tribe’s customary laws before the dispute may be resolved. Thus, there is no clear definite timeline on when the conflict or dispute should be settled at the level of the clan and the Council of Elders. a. Dispute/grievance will be resolved first among the members of the clan; b. If the said grievance/dispute is not resolved at the clan level, this will be brought to the level of the Council of Elders (COE); and c. If still unresolved at the COE level, the said dispute/grievance will be submitted to the NCIP Regional Hearing Officer (RHO), for resolution, where the decision will be final and executory. The dispute/ grievance will be heard and adjudicated in 31 Integrated Natural Resources and Environmental Management Project

RRP PHI 41220-013

accordance with the Rules on Pleadings, Practice and Procedures before the NCIP.

IX. MONITORING, REPORTING AND EVALUATION

97. According to ADB SPS 2009, implementation of interventions mentioned in this section will have to be monitored closely both internally and externally on a bi- annual basis. The INREMP IPDF also prescribes the external and internal monitoring of the IPP implementation. Both these monitoring shall be guided by the monitoring and evaluation and reporting requirements as discussed below and as stated in the IPDF. The IPDF identified three (3) internal and four (4) external monitoring as indicators as follows: 1. Internal Monitoring Indicators: a) budget and timeframe; b) public participation and consultation; and c) benefit monitoring (see Appendix 11: Internal Monitoring Indicators)

2. External Monitoring Indicators: a) basic information on IP households; b) levels of IP satisfaction; c) other impacts and d) IP indicators. (see Appendix 12: External Monitoring Indicators)

Internal Monitoring 98. The DA-INREM PSO will set up an internal monitoring system comprising of an IP Safeguard Officer, IP community and especially the affected IPs through their respective tribe and any other social institutions to monitor the IPP implementation. For daily monitoring of IPP, the PSO will engage one dedicated person at community level, who will interact closely with the affected IP households, and tribe on a priority basis. The staff will also disclose project information, and IP activities and program schedule. Also, the PSO would also observe progress at construction site and make plan of activities in accordance with IPP schedule in advance. The Social Safeguards Expert will provide guidance to the PSO and IP Safeguard Officer to carry out the tasks. Periodic internal monitoring report will also be prepared by the social safeguards expert.

99. The Council of Elder may engage one member of the participatory monitoring group or the whole participatory/community monitoring team who should be keeping track of all implementation activities including IPP and civil construction works. This community level participatory monitoring group will be trained by the PSO who will work in close association with the community group, and give necessary feedback to support internal daily monitoring and supervision of subproject construction and IP activities.

100. One purpose of internal monitoring is to evaluate whether IPP activities have benefitted the IP community, especially the poor, unemployed youth, women and served the objective the plan has been prepared for. On the other hand, the monitoring will also cover if mitigation measures proposed for offsetting the negative impacts are really effective. The impact investigation will take time

32 Integrated Natural Resources and Environmental Management Project

RRP PHI 41220-013

for arriving at conclusive opinion regarding effectiveness of IPP. However, some trend of benefitting the IP community may emerge after implementation of IPP.

External Monitoring 101. The external monitoring specialist that will be engaged by the DENR for INREMP will conduct monitoring survey based on monitoring indicators provided in the TOR that will showcase usefulness of IPP and whether the IP community has benefitted from implementation of IPP activities. The monitoring indicators may include: adequacy of community consultation, culture/tradition related grievance, community-outsider conflict resolution, implementation of trafficking measures, adoption of new livelihoods, acceptance of skill development trainings, increase in income level, reduced time and cost of journey to the ‘purok’ and town, increased access to other parts of the barangays, work opportunities in road construction, and others. IPP activities will also be judged by their beneficial effects on the community. One indicator is to study how IP community has changed towards a better community.

102. Any shortfall or adverse impact of IPP will also be identified by the external monitor and corrective actions may be suggested. The External Monitoring Specialist will submit periodic reports as required.

Reporting 103. The Social Safeguards Assisting Professional for Rural Infrastructure will submit quarterly internal monitoring report to DENR and DA-INREMP. The External Monitoring Specialist will submit semi-annual reports to DENR and DA- INREMP and the DENR through the National Project Coordinating Office (NPCO) will be responsible for submitting the reports to ADB for review and disclosure.

XI. BUDGET AND FINANCING 104. The estimated budget is made to provide financing mechanism for successful implementation of activities. These include sensitization about impact of development projects on IPs, awareness about their issues, comprehensive orientation on indigenous peoples’ concerns in development, the relevant safeguards instruments and mechanisms, as well as specific issues of indigenous peoples in the province on the one hand and development of the human capital especially women and youth by acclimatizing them to the oncoming opportunities, enhancing traditional and other learned skills and empowering them in a socio- culturally beneficial and appropriate manner. The estimated budget cost per activity is shown below:

33 Integrated Natural Resources and Environmental Management Project

RRP PHI 41220-013

Table 6. Proposed budget for IPP. Activity Objective Target Timeline Estimated Participants budget (Php) Barangay orientation Properly orient Whole As soon as 20,000.00 the barangay community. proposed project regarding social is approved for and implementation. environmental safeguards relative to project implementation. Capacity building of Capacitate a Team of As soon as 55,000.00 community team of volunteers; proposed project (inlcudes meals monitors/participatory community Barangay local is approved for and logistical monitoring and volunteers to government implementation. support) evaluation team undertake unit. monitoring of project implementation. Skills/livelihood Provide Women and 3rd quarter 2018. 250,000.00 traii g for o es additional skills youth groups. (includes groups/ youth for women and training youth in the materials and community to starter kits) augment incomes and to maximize their potential in anticipation of benefits from the proposed subproject. Skills training for Provide Barangay 3rd quarter 2018. 100,000.0 0 Barangay additional skills Development Development Council for target Council and and Council of Elders participants. Council of Elders (Conflict management and strategic planning)

Total Budget 425,000.00

34 Integrated Natural Resources and Environmental Management Project

RRP PHI 41220-013 Appendix 1: NCIP Certification on Ancestral Domain

35 Integrated Natural Resources and Environmental Management Project

RRP PHI 41220-013

Appendix 2: Minutes of Meeting and Attendance (October 19, 2017)

36 Integrated Natural Resources and Environmental Management Project

RRP PHI 41220-013

37 Integrated Natural Resources and Environmental Management Project

RRP PHI 41220-013

38 Integrated Natural Resources and Environmental Management Project

RRP PHI 41220-013

39 Integrated Natural Resources and Environmental Management Project

RRP PHI 41220-013

Appendix 3: DENR-CENRO Certification on Land Classification

40 Integrated Natural Resources and Environmental Management Project

RRP PHI 41220-013

Appendix 4: Post Activity Report – Barangay Public Assembly

Appendix 5: Attendance Sheet – Barangay Public Assembly

41 Integrated Natural Resources and Environmental Management Project

RRP PHI 41220-013

42 Improvement of the Balitian, Bontoc Ili-Dalican Farm to Market Road Rural Infrastructure Support Facilities

Appendix 6: Photo Documentation - Barangay Public Assembly

Appendix 7: Executive Order Organizing the Subproject Management Unit

INREMP Bontoc Improvement of the Balitian, Bontoc Ili-Dalican Farm to Market Road Rural Infrastructure Support Facilities

44 I N REM P B on t o c Improvement of the Balitian, Bontoc Ili-Dalican Farm to Market Road Rural Infrastructure Support Facilities

APPENDIX 6: Photo Documentation - Barangay Public Assembly

45 I N REM P B on t o c Improvement of the Balitian, Bontoc Ili-Dalican Farm to Market Road Rural Infrastructure Support Facilities

APPENDIX 7: Executive Order Organizing the Subproject Management Unit

46 I N REM P B on t o c Improvement of the Balitian, Bontoc Ili-Dalican Farm to Market Road Rural Infrastructure Support Facilities

47 I N REM P B on t o c Improvement of the Balitian, Bontoc Ili-Dalican Farm to Market Road Rural Infrastructure Support Facilities

Appendix 8: SB Resolution Accepting and Supporting RI

48 I N REM P B on t o c Improvement of the Balitian, Bontoc Ili-Dalican Farm to Market Road Rural Infrastructure Support Facilities

Appendix 9: Barangay Certification Endorsing the Subproject

49 I N REM P B on t o c Improvement of the Balitian, Bontoc Ili-Dalican Farm to Market Road Rural Infrastructure Support Facilities

Appendix 10: Barangay Resolution Endorsing the Subproject

50 I N REM P B on t o c Improvement of the Balitian, Bontoc Ili-Dalican Farm to Market Road Rural Infrastructure Support Facilities

Appendix 11: Internal Monitoring Indicators

Internal Monitoring Indicators (Adapted fro ADB’s Hadbook o Resettleet: A Guide to Good Practice, 1998) Monitoring Indicators Basis for Indicators

1. Budget and Timeframe 1. Have capacity building and training activities been completed on schedule? 2. Are IPP and MOA activities being implemented and targets achieved against the agreed time frame? 3. Are funds for the implementation of the IPP/ADSDPP allocated to the proper agencies on time? 4. Have agencies responsible for the implementation of the IPP/ADSDPP received the scheduled funds? 5. Have funds been disbursed according to the IPP/ADSDPP? 6. Has social preparation phase taken place as scheduled? 7. Has all clearance been obtained from NCIP?

2. Public Participation and 1. Have consultations taken place as scheduled including meetings, groups and community Consultation activities? Have appropriate leaflets been prepared and distributed? 2. Have any Aps used the grievance redress procedures? What were the outcomes? 3. Have conflicts been resolved? 4. Was the social preparation phase implemented? 5. Were separate consultations done for Indigenous Peoples? 6. Was the conduct of these consultations inter- generationally exclusive, gender fair, free from external coercion and manipulation, done in a manner appropriate to the language and customs of the affected IP community and with proper disclosure? 7. How was the participation of IP women and children? Where they adequately represented?

51 I N REM P B on t o c Improvement of the Balitian, Bontoc Ili-Dalican Farm to Market Road Rural Infrastructure Support Facilities

3. Benefit Monitoring 1. What changes have occurred in patterns of occupation, production and resources use compared to the pre-project situation? 2. What changes have occurred in income and expenditure patterns compared to pre-project situation? What have been the changes in cost of living compared to pre-proje t situatio? Hae APs incomes kept pace with the changes? 3. What changes have taken place in key social and cultural parameters relating to living standards? 4. What changes have occurred for IPs? 5. Has the situation of the IPs improved, or at least maintained, as a result of the project? 6. Are IP women reaping the same benefits as IP men? 7. Are negative impacts proportionally shared by IP men and women?

52 I N REM P B on t o c Improvement of the Balitian, Bontoc Ili-Dalican Farm to Market Road Rural Infrastructure Support Facilities

Appendix 12: External Monitoring Indicators

External Monitoring Indicators (Adapted fro ADB’s Hadbook o Resettleet: A Guide to Good Practice, 1998) Monitoring Indicators Basis for Indicators

1. Basic Information on AP 1. Location 2. Composition and structures, ages, education and Households skill levels 3. Gender of household head 4. Ethnic group 5. Access to health, education, utilities and other social services 6. Housing type 7. Land use and other resource ownership and patterns 8. Occupation and employment patterns 9. Income sources and levels 10. Agricultural production data (for rural households) 11. Participation in neighborhood or community groups 12. Access to cultural sites and events 13. Value of all assets forming entitlements and resettlement entitlements

2. Levels of AP Satisfaction 1. How much do IPs know about grievance procedures and conflict resolution procedures? How satisfied are those who have used said mechanism? 2. How much do the affected IP communities know about the IP framework? 3. Do they know their rights under the IP framework? 4. How much do they know about the grievance procedures available to them? 5. Do they know how to access to it? 6. How do they assess the implementation of the IPP/ADSDPP?

3. Other Impacts 1. Were there unintended environmental impacts? 2. Were there unintended impacts on employment or incomes?

53 I N REM P B on t o c Improvement of the Balitian, Bontoc Ili-Dalican Farm to Market Road Rural Infrastructure Support Facilities

4. IP Indicators 1. Are special measures to protect IP culture, traditional resource rights and resources in place? 2. How are these being implemented? 3. Are complaints and grievances of affected IPs being documented? 4. Are these being addressed? 5. Did the project proponent respect customary laws in the conduct of public consultations, in IPP/ ADSDPP implementation, in dispute resolution? 6. Were the public consultations intergenerationally inclusive? 7. Were women and children proportionally represented? 8. Were representatives of the NCIP present in the public consultations? During the monitoring of IPP/ADSDPP implementation?

54 I N REM P B on t o c Improvement of the Balitian, Bontoc Ili-Dalican Farm to Market Road Rural Infrastructure Support Facilities

Appendix 13. Gender Checklist

55 I N REM P B on t o c Improvement of the Balitian, Bontoc Ili-Dalican Farm to Market Road Rural Infrastructure Support Facilities

Appendix 18: Environmental Mitigation Plan

56 I N REM P B on t o c Improvement of the Balitian, Bontoc Ili-Dalican Farm to Market Road Rural Infrastructure Support Facilities

57 I N REM P B on t o c Improvement of the Balitian, Bontoc Ili-Dalican Farm to Market Road Rural Infrastructure Support Facilities

Appendix 19: Environmental Mitigation Plan

Environmental Impact Mitigation Plan

Project Potential Mitigation Measures Institutional Cost Component/ Environment Responsibilities Estimates Activity al Impacts Implementation Monitor

Pre-Construction Phase Confirmation of No negative 1.Conducted Consultation no required environmental meetings with barangay LGU of resettlement, impacts officials and concerned Bontoc WMPCO relocations, and POs offiers ad PPCO compensation members / 2. Conducted information RPMO awareness campaign regarding subproject location Identification Lack of Subproject sites validation and information with following conditions: prioritization of and/or low LGU of WMPCO road section participation 1. ensure that the Bontoc where re- of the INREMP validation PPCO gravelling will community, process on / be done particularly subproject RPMO women and implementation is being marginalized complied with sectors 2. hold consultative meetings with balanced representation of men and women and affected persons on the subproject components and management plan

58 I N REM P B on t o c Improvement of the Balitian, Bontoc Ili-Dalican Farm to Market Road Rural Infrastructure Support Facilities

Preparation of Minimize Work with LGU RI detailed negative Engineer for the engineering environmental completion of the LGU of WMPCO designs and impacts proposed upgraded access Bontoc programs of work road detailed designs and PPCO for the to ensure the following / subproject measures are included: RPMO 1. identification of spill management prevention and emergency response plans for all construction sites; locate aggregate borrow pits and rock supply areas away from human settlements with fencing and access barriers; • for local residents: include specific plan to notify and provide them schedule to minimize disruption to normal commercial and 2. residential activities Recruitment of Gender • Hire local workers as LGU of workers discrimination much as possible, and Bontoc and tendency give equal privilege Contractor / to recruit for women to get WMPCO outsiders involved in selected tasks appropriate for PPCO them / RPMO

Construction Phase Construction Pollution, 1. Procure Contractor LGU of Part of materials injury, construction Bontoc the acquisition, interrupted materials from / contractor transport access, usual road sources with valid WMPCO s and storage use, disrupted environmental contract system access, noise clearances, i.e. for PPCO sand, gravel and / timber from those RPMO with valid DENR- MGB/EMB permits.

59 I N REM P B on t o c Improvement of the Balitian, Bontoc Ili-Dalican Farm to Market Road Rural Infrastructure Support Facilities

2. All borrow pits and quarries should be approved by Municipal Engineering Division. 3. Select pits and quarries in areas with low gradient and as close as possible to construction the sites. Required aggregate volumes must be carefully calculated prior to extraction to prevent wastage. 4. Pits and quarries should not be located near surface waters, forested areas, critical habitat for wildlife, or cultural objects and landmarks. 5. If aggregate quarrying from fluvial environments is required small streams and rivers should be used, and dry alluvial plains preferred. 6. All topsoil and overburden removed should be stockpiled for later restoration. 7. All borrow pits and quarries should have a fence perimeter with signage to keep public away. 8. After use pits and quarries should be dewatered and

60 I N REM P B on t o c Improvement of the Balitian, Bontoc Ili-Dalican Farm to Market Road Rural Infrastructure Support Facilities

permanent fences installed with signage to keep public out, and restored as much as possible using original overburden and topsoil. 9. Unstable slope conditions in/adjacent to the quarry or pit caused by the extractions should be rectified with tree planting. 10. Define & schedule how materials are extracted from borrow pits and rock quarries, transported, and handled & stored at sites. 11. Define and schedule how fabricated materials such as steel, wood structures, and scaffolding will be transported and handled. 12. All aggregate loads on trucks should be covered. Clearing and Damage 1. Restrict vegetation Contractor LGU of Part of removal of landscape removal to within Bontoc the obstructions RoWs. / contract 2. In case, no trees will WMPCO ors be removed without contract prior approval of PPCO concerned / government agency. RPMO 3. The contractor will not use or permit the use of wood as a fuel for the execution of

61 I N REM P B on t o c Improvement of the Balitian, Bontoc Ili-Dalican Farm to Market Road Rural Infrastructure Support Facilities

any part of the works, including but not limited to the extent practicable shall ensure that fuels other than wood are used for cooking. 4. Within RoWs, minimize land cover removals, and install protective physical barriers around trees. 5. All RoWs to be re- vegetated and landscaped after construction completed. 6. Consult PENRO/CENRO to determine the most successful restoration strategy and techniques. Soil erosion High 1. Berms, and plastic Contractor LGU of Part of suspended sheet fencing should Bontoc the solid contents be placed around all / contract of river, excavations and WMPCO ors sedimentation earthwork areas. contract . 2. Earthworks should PPCO be conducted during / dry periods. RPMO 3. Maintain a stockpile of topsoil for immediate site restoration following backfilling. 4. Protect exposed or cut slopes with planted vegetation and have a slope stabilization protocol ready. 5. Re-vegetate all soil exposure areas immediately after work is completed.

62 I N REM P B on t o c Improvement of the Balitian, Bontoc Ili-Dalican Farm to Market Road Rural Infrastructure Support Facilities

6. minimize damage and cutting of surrounding vegetation during slope formation, 7. prevent erosion and protect the cut slope with temporary drainage as soon as practicable after cutting, and 8. If new erosion occurs accidentally, back fill immediately to restore original contours. Ground Degradation 1. All construction sites Contractor LGU of Part of surface of terrestrial should be located Bontoc the leveling and and aquatic away / contract gravelling of resources, from forested or WMPCO ors existing road and plantation areas as PPCO contract decreased much as possible. / water quality All construction fluids RPMO such as oils, and fuels should be stored and handled away from forested and plantation areas. 1. No waste of any kind is to be discarded on land or in forests/plantations. 2. Erosion channels must be built around aggregate stockpile areas to contain rain- induced erosion. 3. Earthworks should be conducted during dry periods. 4. All construction fluids such as oils, and fuels should be stored and handled with extra care

63 I N REM P B on t o c Improvement of the Balitian, Bontoc Ili-Dalican Farm to Market Road Rural Infrastructure Support Facilities

away from surface waters. 5. No waste of any kind is to be thrown in surface waters. 6. No washing or repair of machinery near surface waters. 7. Pit latrines to be located away from surface waters. 8. No unnecessary earthworks in or adjacent to water courses. 9. No aggregate mining from rivers or lakes. 10. Minimize the use of heavy equipment at steep slopes.

64 I N REM P B on t o c Improvement of the Balitian, Bontoc Ili-Dalican Farm to Market Road Rural Infrastructure Support Facilities

Environmental Impact Mitigation Plan

Civil works Air pollution, • All construction Contractor LGU of Part of land and water sites should be Bontoc the (Concrete contamination located away from contract / WMPCO Pavement) forested or ors , and traffic & plantation areas as PPCO/ RPMO contract access much as possible. problems, 1. All construction fluids such as oils, and fuels should be stored and handled away from forested and plantation areas. 2. No waste of any kind is to be discarded on land or in forests/plantations. 3. Protective berms, plastic sheet fencing, or silt curtains should be placed between all earthworks and nearby surface waters. 4. Erosion channels must be built around aggregate stockpile areas to contain rain- induced erosion. 5. Earthworks should be conducted during dry periods.

65 I N RE M P B on t o c Improvement of the Balitian, Bontoc Ili-Dalican Farm to Market Road Rural Infrastructure Support Facilities

Environmental Impact Mitigation Plan

6. All construction fluids such as oils, and fuels should be stored and handled with extra care away from surface waters. 7. No waste of any kind is to be thrown in surface waters. 8. No washing or repair of machinery near surface waters. 9. Pit latrines to be located away from surface waters. No unnecessary earthworks in or adjacent to water courses. 10. No aggregate mining from rivers or lakes. Implementation Noise, Dust, Air 1. Regularly apply Contractor LGU of Bontoc Part of of noise and Pollution wetting agents to the WMPCO/PPCO/ dust control exposed soil and contract RPMO measure construction ors roads. contract 2. Cover or keep moist all stockpiles of construction aggregates, and all truckloads of aggregates. 3. Minimize the time for

66 I N RE M P B on t o c Improvement of the Balitian, Bontoc Ili-Dalican Farm to Market Road Rural Infrastructure Support Facilities

Environmental Impact Mitigation Plan

excavations and exposed soil are left open or exposed. Backfill immediately after work is completed. 4. As much as possible, restrict working time between 07:00 and 17:00, in particular, activities such as pile driving, etc. 5. Maintain equipment in proper working condition 6. Replace unnecessarily noisy vehicles and machinery. 7. Vehicles and machinery to be turned off when not in use. 8. Construct temporary noise barriers.

Dust and noise Noise, Dust • Provision of noise Contractor LGU of Bontoc Part of from borrow pits control measures the WMPCO/PPCO/ to comply with contract RPMO national standards, ors watering of the contract earth roads close to the settlements, use covered truck, 1. Secure appropriate

67 I N RE M P B on t o c Improvement of the Balitian, Bontoc Ili-Dalican Farm to Market Road Rural Infrastructure Support Facilities

Environmental Impact Mitigation Plan

environmental permits, 2. The borrow and material dumping sites must be access controlled to keep away unauthorized entry of people, grazing cattle and any other stray animals, and Protective gear like ear plugs will be provided to operating personnel if they are exposed to noise levels beyond threshold limits. Implementation Contamination 1. Uncontaminated Contractor LGU of Bontoc Part of of spoil of land and spoil to be the disposed of in WMPCO/PPCO management surface waters contract government – / RPMO and control from ors excavated designated sites, contract measure which must never spoil, and be in or adjacent construction surface waters. waste Designated sites must be clearly marked and identified. 2. Spoil must not be disposed of on sloped land, near cultural property or values, ecologically important areas, or on/near any

68 I N RE M P B on t o c Improvement of the Balitian, Bontoc Ili-Dalican Farm to Market Road Rural Infrastructure Support Facilities

Environmental Impact Mitigation Plan

other socially or ecologically sensitive feature. 3. Where possible spoil should be used at other construction sites, or disposed in spent quarries or borrow pits. 4. A record of type, estimated volume, and source of disposed spoil must be recorded. 5. Uncontaminated spoil to be disposed of in government – designated sites, which must never be in or adjacent surface waters. Designated sites must be clearly marked and identified. 6. Spoil must not be disposed of on sloped land, near cultural property or values, ecologically important areas, or on/near any other socially or ecologically sensitive feature.

69 I N RE M P B on t o c Improvement of the Balitian, Bontoc Ili-Dalican Farm to Market Road Rural Infrastructure Support Facilities

Environmental Impact Mitigation Plan

7. Where possible spoil should be used at other construction sites, or disposed in spent quarries or borrow pits. 8. A record of type, estimated volume, and source of disposed spoil must be recorded. 9. Contaminated spoil disposal must follow government regulations including handling, transport, treatment (if necessary), and disposal. 10. Suspected contaminated soil must be tested, and disposed of in designated sites identified as per government regulations. 11. Before treatment or disposal contaminated spoil must be covered from all human activity.

70 I N RE M P B on t o c Improvement of the Balitian, Bontoc Ili-Dalican Farm to Market Road Rural Infrastructure Support Facilities

Environmental Impact Mitigation Plan

Solid and liquid Contamination 1. Management of Contractor LGU of Bontoc Part of construction of land and general solid the WMPCO/PPCO waste surface waters and liquid waste contract / RPMO management from of construction ors system construction will follow contract waste government regulations to include covering, collecting, handling, transporting, recycling, and disposing waste created from construction activities and the work force. 2. Disposal areas for solid and liquid waste must be determined by the government. 3. Disposal of waste should be catalogued for type, estimated weigh, and source. 4. Construction sites should have large garbage bins. 5. A schedule of solid and liquid waste pickup and disposal must be established and followed that ensures

71 I N RE M P B on t o c Improvement of the Balitian, Bontoc Ili-Dalican Farm to Market Road Rural Infrastructure Support Facilities

Environmental Impact Mitigation Plan

construction sites are as clean as possible. 6. Solid waste should be separated and recyclables be sold to buyers in the community.

Hazardous Waste 7. Collection, storage, transport, and disposal of hazardous waste such as used oils, gasoline, paint, and other toxics must follow government regulations. 8. Wastes should be separated (e.g., hydrocarbons, batteries, paints, organic solvents) 9. Wastes must be stored above ground in closed, well labeled, ventilated plastic bins in good condition, away from construction activity areas, all surface water, water supplies,

72 I N RE M P B on t o c Improvement of the Balitian, Bontoc Ili-Dalican Farm to Market Road Rural Infrastructure Support Facilities

Environmental Impact Mitigation Plan

and cultural and ecological sensitive receptors. 10. All spills must be cleaned up completely with all contaminated soil removed and handled with by contaminated spoil sub- plan.

Construction Loss of 1. Provide adequate Contractor LGU of Bontoc Part of drainage system drainage and short- term the WMPCO/PPCO rain water drainage away contract from construction / RPMO natural ors sites to prevent channels ponding and contract flooding. 2. Prevent borrow pits and quarries to be filled with water. Pump periodically to infiltration areas or nearby water courses. 3. Install temporary storm drains or ditches for construction sites 4. Ensure connections among surface waters (ponds, streams) are maintained or enhanced to sustain existing

73 I N RE M P B on t o c Improvement of the Balitian, Bontoc Ili-Dalican Farm to Market Road Rural Infrastructure Support Facilities

Environmental Impact Mitigation Plan

storm water storage capacity. 5. Protect surface waters from silt and eroded soil.

Water quality Water and • Set up proper and Contractor • SPMU PPCO/ Part of adequate sanitary RPMO the soil facilities, Contrac tors 1. Ensure strict observance of contract proper waste handling and disposal and proper sanitation including by the contractors and its workers, 2. Provide wastewater treatment facility (e.g., septic tank), and 3. Trucks and other vehicle maintenance should be strictly controlled to prevent the discharge of waste into the river system. Wastewater from the construction works containing high concentration of suspended

74 I N RE M P B on t o c Improvement of the Balitian, Bontoc Ili-Dalican Farm to Market Road Rural Infrastructure Support Facilities

Environmental Impact Mitigation Plan

solids should be treated through sedimentation tanks. 4. The discharge of cement-laden water and slurry during concrete mixing may contaminate water resources and damage productive land in the surrounding areas. To mitigate possible effects of cement-laden water and slurry, the Contractor shall 1) collect and retain all the concrete washout water and solids in leak proof containers, so that this does not reach the soil surface and then migrate to surface waters or into the ground water, 2) recycle the collected concrete washout water and solids, and/or 3) use of a washout pit made with a plastic

75 I N RE M P B on t o c Improvement of the Balitian, Bontoc Ili-Dalican Farm to Market Road Rural Infrastructure Support Facilities

Environmental Impact Mitigation Plan

lining that can be dug into the ground or built above grade. Implement Loss of 1. Provide adequate Contractor SPMU PPCO/ Part of construction drainage and short- term RPMO the drainage system rain water drainage away Contrac from construction natural tors sites to prevent channels ponding and contract flooding. 2. Prevent borrow pits and quarries to be filled with water. Pump periodically to infiltration areas or nearby water courses. 3. Install temporary storm drains or ditches for construction sites 4. Ensure connections among surface waters (ponds, streams) are maintained or enhanced to sustain existing storm water storage capacity. 5. Protect surface waters from silt and eroded soil.

Workers Land and 1. proper fencing, Contractor SPMU PPCO/ Part of health, safety people protective RPMO the and hygiene barriers, and Contrac buffer zones tors should be contract provided around

76 I N RE M P B on t o c Improvement of the Balitian, Bontoc Ili-Dalican Farm to Market Road Rural Infrastructure Support Facilities

Environmental Impact Mitigation Plan

all construction sites, 2. sufficient signage and information disclosure, and supervisors and night guards should be placed, 3. worker and public safety guidelines should be followed, provide adequate sanitation and waste disposal at construction sites, 1. the contractor will not hire children and pregnant women, 2. standing water suitable for disease vector breeding should be filled in, 3. worker education and awareness seminars for construction hazards should be given at the beginning of the construction phase. A construction site safety program should be

77 I N RE M P B on t o c Improvement of the Balitian, Bontoc Ili-Dalican Farm to Market Road Rural Infrastructure Support Facilities

Environmental Impact Mitigation Plan

developed and distributed to workers, 4. appropriate safety clothing, footwear, gloves, hard hats, eye protection and other PPE should be mandatory for all construction workers, 5. adequate medical services must be on site or nearby all construction site, 6. drinking water must be provided at all construction sites, 7. sufficient lighting be used during necessary night work, and 8. all construction sites should be examined daily to ensure unsafe conditions are removed.

Traffic safety and Road accidents Throughout the Contractor LGU of Bontoc Part of management construction period, the WMPCO/PPCO/ the contractor will contract RPMO ensure that affected ors people are provided contract adequate and safe

78 I N RE M P B on t o c Improvement of the Balitian, Bontoc Ili-Dalican Farm to Market Road Rural Infrastructure Support Facilities

Environmental Impact Mitigation Plan

access to properties (structures, land, etc.). All construction vehicles observe speed limits on the construction sites and to provide adequate signage, barriers, and flag persons for traffic control. Sign postings such as e orkig, K eep left/right, ostrutio ahead, ad s peed lii t, should e used for traffic management and road safety. As much as possible, road works will be confined to one half of the road width at each section to provide access to pedestrian and vehicles during construction works.

79 I N RE M P B on t o c Improvement of the Balitian, Bontoc Ili-Dalican Farm to Market Road Rural Infrastructure Support Facilities

Environmental Impact Mitigation Plan

Ecological Minor 1. Construction Contractor LGU of Bontoc Part of environment vegetation vehicles will the WMPCO/PPCO/ (Flora and loss operate within the contract corridor of impact RPMO Fauna) ors to avoid damaging contract soil and vegetation. 2. Avoid soil compaction around trees. Generally, the rule will be to avoid driving heavy equipment or trucks anywhere into the 'drip-line' of a tree. 3. In case, no trees will be removed without prior approval of concerned government agency. 4. The contractor will not use or permit the use of wood as a fuel for the execution of any part of the works. 5. No work camps will be located in ecologically sensitive sites such as protected and conservation areas, or densely vegetated site. 6. Workers shall be prohibited from

80 I N RE M P B on t o c Improvement of the Balitian, Bontoc Ili-Dalican Farm to Market Road Rural Infrastructure Support Facilities

Environmental Impact Mitigation Plan

hunting/trapping wildlife.

Damaged to Land The contractor will Contractor SPMU Part of properties immediately repair the PPCO/ RPMO and/or compensate for Contrac any damage that it causes tors to properties (houses, contract farmlands, aquaculture ponds, irrigation canals, and others), community facilities such as water supply, power supply, communication facilities and the like. Access roads used for transport of construction materials and other other construction-related activities will be maintained by the Contractor in at least in their pre-project condition for the duration of construction. Concrete Soil and water The Contractor shall 1) Contractor SPMU Part of washout contamination collect and retain all the the PPCO/ RPMO concrete washout water Contrac and solids in leak proof tors containers, so that this contract does not reach the soil surface and then migrate to surface waters or into the ground water, 2) recycle the collected concrete washout water and solids, and/or 3) use of a washout pit made with a plastic lining that can be dug into the ground or built above grade.

81 I N RE M P B on t o c

Improvement of the Balitian, Bontoc Ili-Dalican Farm to Market Road Rural Infrastructure Support Facilities

Environmental Impact Mitigation Plan

Public safety People 1. installation of sturdy fencing around excavation areas and construction sites, 2. provision of proper signage and lighting at night at the periphery of the construction site to warn and direct traffic and pedestrians, 3. deployment of security personnel in hazardous areas to restrict public access, 4. imposition of speed limits for construction vehicles along residential areas and where there are other sensitive receptors, and 5. orientation of drivers on safe driving practices to minimize accidents and to prevent spill of hazardous substances and other construction materials during transport.

Operation and Maintenance (O&M) Phase

82 I N RE M P B on t o c Improvement of the Balitian, Bontoc Ili-Dalican Farm to Market Road Rural Infrastructure Support Facilities

Environmental Impact Mitigation Plan

Operation of Increased risk 1. Set speed limit LGU of LGU of Bontoc Part of upgraded of accident or when passing Bontoc the WMPCO/PPCO access road injury, air through propone / RPMO pollution and populated area nts noise. 2. Provide obligati appropriate DENR on Obstruction of warning signs run-off along and lighting 3. Regular removal drainage of debris, logs canals causing and other run- off materials along overflow drainage canals leading to to avoid erosion of the clogging 4. Regular vegetation road control along run-off area to ensure free flow 5. Ensure that Exploitation of existing natural environmental resources in management the area policies are effectively implemented and proper Unplanned coordination urbanization involves different agencies. Increased 6. Adherence to delivery of land use and agricultural zoning products regulations 7. Promote tourism in the area through advertisement from Tourism the local and nationwide venue.

83 I N RE M P B on t o c Improvement of the Balitian, Bontoc Ili-Dalican Farm to

Market Road Rural Infrastructure Support Facilities

Environmental Impact Mitigation Plan

INREMP Bontoc