A HISTORY OF PRE-CINEMA

Volume Two

Stephen Herbert

AB

London and New York CONTENTS

VOLUME TWO: PART 1 Peepshows, panoramas and dioramas 1

Peepshows Picture Book for Little Children, extract, The Religious Tract Society n.d. 3 'Cosmorama', Literary Gazette 19 May 1821/12 January 1822 7 'Fuhrmann's Revolving Stereoscopic Panorama', English Mechanic and World of Science 28 September 1888 9 'Edison's Invention of the Kineto-Phonograph', Antonia and W.K.L. Dickson, The Century June 1894 11

The panorama 21 Description of the View of Naples and Surrounding Scenery, now Exhibiting in Henry Aston Barker and J. Burford's Panorama, Strand (pamphlet plus fold-out panorama) 1821 21 Description of a View of the Ruins of the City of Pompeii... now exhibiting in the Panorama, Strand... by Mr Burford(pamphlet plus fold-out panorama) 1826 33 'Interior of the Colosseum', The Mirror 14 February 1829 45 'The Colosseum', Penny Magazine (Monthly Supplement) 28 February - 31 March 1833 47 'Panorama of Milan', The Mirror 16 June 1832 51 'Panorama of Stirling', The Mirror 15 December 1832 53 'Burford's Panorama [View of the Mago Maggiore]', The Mirror 30 July 1836 57 'Panoramas', Chambers's Journal of Popular Literature 21 January 1860 59 Contents

'Panorama Skit', from Bunkum Entertainments by Robert Ganthony (L.Upcott Gill, n.d.) 63 'A Panorama Party: And How To Make It A Success', The New Penny Magazine December 1901 75

The diorama 'The Eidophusikon Illustrated', Sybil Rosenfeld, Theatre Notebook 1963 / 4 79 'The Eidophusikon', Ralph G. Allen, Theatre Design and Technology 1966 83 'The Diorama, Pharos', Mechanic's Magazine 1824 89 'View of Roslyn Chapel, at the Diorama', The Mirror 4 March 1826 91 'Diorama, Ruins in a Fog', The Mirror 30 June 1827 95 'Diorama, Regent's Park', The Mirror 29 March 1828 97 'Diorama, Regent's Park', The Mirror 1 May 1830 99 'Diorama, Regent's Park', Village of Unterseen, in Switzerland, The Mirror 19 April 1828 101 'The Diorama', Magazine of Science 4 July 1840 103 'Diorama, Notre Dame' The Mirror 15 June 1844 107 'Optical Illusion in Examining a Dioramic Picture', Edinburgh Journal of Science 1826 109 'Moving (Dioramic) Experiences', All the Year Round 23 March 1867 111 'Description of a Portable Diorama', 'On producing the effect of Fog in a Portable Diorama' and 'Description of a Portable Diorama, which may be viewed by a number of persons at a time', George Tait, Transactions of the Royal Scottish Society of Arts 1844 115-

VOLUME TWO: PART 2 Mirror projection, shadows, magic lanterns 127

Magic mirrors 129 'The Magic Mirror of Japan', W.E. Ayrton and John Perry, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London 1878 129

Shadowplay 151 'Chinese Shadows in Algiers - the Garagousse', Pictorial Times 7 January 1846 151 The Forerunner of the Movies', Brander Matthews, The Century April 1914 155

Magic lanterns 165

VI Contents

'Proposal for Improving the ', William Ritchie, Edinburgh Journal ofScience 1826 165 Fun for Winter Evenings; containing descriptive dialogues for the slides, and full directions for exhibiting the Phantasmagoria, Francis West (J. Harris 1833) 167 'Magic Lanthorn and Phantasmagoria', Magazine of Science 20 April / 4 May 1839 213 'Moveable Magic Lanthorn Sliders', Magazine of Science 7 December 1839 217 'Chinese, or Artificial Fire-Works', Magazine of Science 21 December 1839 221 'The Oxy-Hydrogen Microscope', Magazine of Science 2 January 1841 225 'Objects for the Oxy-Hydrogen Microscope', Magazine of Science 20 March 1841 229 'Dissolving Views', The Mirror 12 February 1842 233 'Dissolving Views' (concluded), The Mirror 19 February 1842 237 'Optical Magic of Our Age', Chambers's Edinburgh Journal 28 April 1849 239 'Scenes in a ', J.S. Coyne, Illustrated London News 25 December 1858 243 The Art of Transparent Painting on Glass for the Magic Lantern, Edward Groom (Windsor and Newton, n.d., c. 1865) 245 'Transferred Prints for Magic Lantern', J. Martin, Photographic News 31 December 1869 297 'How to get up a Magic Lantern Exhibition', J. Martin, Photographic News 10 January 1873 299 The Magic Lantern Manual, W.J. Chadwick (Frederick Warne & Co. c. 1878) 301 Lilly's Magic Lantern, Mrs Sale Barker (Routledge 1880) 437 'The Magic Lantern (for Beginners)', Hobbies 1896 / 7 447 Chapter 1 Toy Magic Lanterns 447 Chapter 2 Oil Lanterns for the Home or Lecture Room 449 Chapter 3 The Oil Lantern (contd) 451 Chapter 4 The Limelight 453 Chapter 5 Lantern Slide Making 455 Chapter 6 The Lantern for Pleasure and Profit 457 Chapter 7 The Lantern for Pleasure and Profit (contd) 459 Chapter 8 The Lantern for Pleasure and Profit (contd) 461 Chapter 9 The Lantern for Pleasure and Profit - acetylene gas generators 463 Chapter 10 The Limelight 465 Chapter 11 The Limelight (contd) 467 Chapter 12 Saturators 469 Chapter 13 Lecturing 471 Chapter 14 Lecturing (contd) 473

VII Contents

[Chapter 15] How to Work a Biunial Lantern 475 'Lantern Projections in Natural Colours', Albert W. Scott, British Journal of Photography 22 May 1891 477 'Sentiment to Order', Philip Reynolds, Harmsworth Magazine November 1900 479

Pepper's Ghost 487 'On an Apparatus for exhibiting optical illusions, including spectral phenomena', Henry Dircks, The Engineer 1 October 1858 487 'Professor Pepper's Ghost', George Speaight, Theatre Notebook Vol. 43, 1989 489

VOLUME TWO: PART 3 Various optical devices and effects 499

Recreative science: a selection of pieces from The Popular Educator Vols 5 and 6, c. 1880s 501 'Reflecting Tube and other Optical Contrivances' 501 'Magic Designer, Distorted Portraits, Blue Beard's Closet' 504 'Amusing Effects of Refraction, Dissolving Views' 507 'The Shooting Star, an Illustration of , imitation of this natural effect by Pilkington's Toy, and the Astrometroscope' 511 'The Astrometroscope', 'The ', 'The Pedemascope' ' 513 'The Colour-Top, invented after Mr Rose's optical contrivance called the Kalotrope' 515 'Rose's Kalotrope, Pilkington's simple form of the Kalotrope and Photodrome, King's Oxy-hydrogen Colour Top Movement 517 'The , Beale's Automatic Face, the Wheel Animalcule' 521 'The Wheel Animalcule, Beale's Dancing Skeleton' 523

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