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TOGETHER. BUILDING THE FUTURE.

Boeing is proud of its longstanding partnership with . A partnership India can depend upon to meet its developing requirements, from surveillance, strike and mobility platforms to C4ISR, unmanned systems and support services. The most advanced systems and technologies providing the greatest value for India today and tomorrow. Mr Nitin Mathur Luthra (30 January 1977 – 21 September 2009) A Military Aviation and Motor Sports enthusiast, and our Inspiration behind India Strategic Missed by Family and Friends

September 2017

Editorial Director Gulshan R Luthra CEO & Managing Editor Air Marshal V K Bhatia (Retd) Editor Aviation Air Marshal Ashok Goel (Retd) Editor Diplomatic Affairs Ambassador R Rajagopalan Editor Army Lt Gen V Patankar (Retd) Consulting Editors Editorial Tarun Basu Vinay Kumar Nilova Roy Chaudhury India, Japan and Peace in Asia Pacific Rear Adm Rakesh Chopra (Retd) Assistant Editor Thanks to China’s aggressive southward manoeuvres over water and land, even a Niha Luthra friendly exchange of visits between two of its neighbours will appear to be big and Senior Correspondent Shweta Sehgal much higher in importance and something against Beijing’s interests. International Correspondent China is churning the environment around it for medieval style expansionism, and Cmde Ranjit Rai (Retd) naturally, nearly all its neighbours are alarmed. Their normal interaction for mutual Foreign Correspondent (Europe) friendship is bound to cover their concerns also, in this case, the mutual concern Murielle Laird against China’s expansionist behavior. Editorial Board Governor Shekhar Dutt Fortunately, the so-called Doklam crisis over China’s attempt to pick up some Bhutanese Ambassador Shashank territory, and threateningly bring its military deployment close to the nearby Indian Ambassador K Raghunath border has been resolved. One must give credit to the saner political forces in Beijing Ambassador Santosh Kumar Ambassador Pramathesh Rath for agreeing with India and not let the crisis blow into a military conflict. Ambassador Divyabh Manchanda Some territories indeed are disputed as historically people moved to their neighbouring Air Chief Marshal F H Major (Retd) towns and villages with freedom. There were no roads, or modern day connectivity, Air Chief Marshal P V Naik (Retd) Air Marshal Vinod Patney (Retd) and borders were loosely understood and accepted. Then of course, Tibet was taken Vice Adm Anup Singh (Retd) over by China, and Beijing assumed a hard line in interpreting borders and events Vice Adm D B Kapila (Retd) to its advantage. Lt Gen B S Pawar (Retd) Capt M S Kohli (Retd) Nonetheless, whatever has happened has happened, and the Chinese leadership Mr Vinod Misra needs to be praised for being practical, and ready for talks. The value of Peace is not Mr R I Singh lost on either India or China, or their neighbours like Japan, Malaysia, South Korea, Dr Prahlada Mr Amit Cowshish Indonesia and Singapore. Brig Gurmeet Kanwal Japan also feels threatened by China, as its lackey state of North Korea keeps testing Brig NK Sapra nuclear bombs and delivery missiles along with its diatribe to destroy the United States, Manager Japan and South Korea. J K Verma Legal Consultant China’s aggressive claims over South China Sea have already angered all its neighbours, S K Luthra and they are bound to boost their military capabilities and readiness. They would also Coordination want friendly economic and defence ties with other countries in Asia, like India. Their Vipin Sharma threat is common, that is, China’s expansionism. Sr Graphic Designer China is an ancient civilisation, respected for the wisdom of its sages. In fact, I recall Moeen Aijaz having read about China’s greatness in our school books way back in the Fifties and India Strategic Sixties; of course, the perspective changed after China attacked India in 1962. www.indiastrategic.in [email protected] China has to just take it easy, rather than pick up enmity or hostility with its neighbours. [email protected] Nobody has a problem with China’s rising economy, but its rising territorial claims, yes. Tel: +(91 11) 41458603; +(91) 9811660066 Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe visited India recently, and put a big stamp on Telefax: (+91 11) 41659812 Indo-Japan cooperation both in economy and defence. This is normal and should be Published, Edited and Printed by read so in the routine of international relations. If China is aggressive towards both, Gulshan Rai Luthra then these two countries are bound to come together to protect their interests. 517, 5th Floor, Ansal Chambers-II Bhikaji Cama Place, China has shown maturity during the recent BRICS summit, defused tension with India, New Delhi-110 066 and the goodwill in this is not lost either in New Delhi or the world capitals. Printed at Star Print-O-Bind, Star House, F-31, Talks are the best mechanism to resolve misunderstandings and disputes, but as India Okhla Industrial Area Phase-I, has said, every dispute cannot be steered and resolved in China’s favour. New Delhi-110020 Views expressed are those of Gulshan Rai Luthra individual authors and do not represent any policy of this publication.

4 IndiaSTRATEGIC Contents Cover Story

India Gains in Stature at 10 BRICS Summit in China

India, Japan Support a Free Lockheed Martin in jet speed to Make 16 Open and Prosperous Indo-Pacific 20 F-16s in India

Talking Points ...... 6

Appointments ...... 8

India Israel Relations and Defence Co-operation ...... 28

The Doklam Challenge and its Military Implications ...... 34

ABC Aviation ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 42-49

From the Parliament: Make in India Initiative ...... 50 Saab, Adani collaborate 14 in Aerospace & Defence Industry ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 52-65

National Maritime Power: Concepts, Constituents and Catalysts ...... 66

RDEL Commences Construction Activities of Coast Guard Ships ...... 68

C-130J Full Motion Simulator Operationalised at Hindan ...... 70

Around the World ...... 72 Canberra, the Aircraft Lastly ...... 80 38 for Bombing and Spying Content Partner: Society for Policy Studies (SPS), New Delhi Cover Pic: DPR IndiaSTRATEGIC 5 TALKING POINTS September 2017

New ECHS Polyclinic for Veterans Inaugrated by Chief of Personnel, EW DELHI. Vice 10,000 Ex Servicemen Anil settled in the densely NKumar Chawla, populated East Delhi Area, Chief of Personnel, and has been a long felt inaugurated a new Ex critical requirement. The Servicemen Contributing Polyclinic will also have Health Scheme (ECHS) basic facilities including polyclinic in New Delhi general OPD, Medical OPD, August 12, as a part of Gynaecology OPD, Dental expansion of the Armed OPD, Physiotherapy and Forces Health Care basic Laboratory services Scheme for its veterans. and has been equipped This Polyclinic will with latest state-of-the-art address all basic health care equipment for provision of requirements of around these services. SAAB Delivers Uzbekistan Foreign Minister calls Training on Vice President Systems to Estonian Army

EFENCE AND security company Saab has signed a contract with Dthe Estonian Armed Forces to deliver BT46 training systems to the Estonian Army. The deliveries will be made in 2018. The Estonian Armed Forces ordered the first laser simulators for gunnery and combat training in 2008. EW DELHI. The Vice President of India, M. Venkaiah Naidu has said that Saab has now received an additional India and Uzbekistan should work for increasing trade between these two order for simulators. The systems will Nnations to the tune of $1 billion by March 2018. He was interacting with the be used by the mechanised brigade, at Minister of Foreign Affairs, Uzbekistan, Mr. Abdulaziz Kamilov who called on him, the regiments and at the infantry school. here August 22. The Vice President said that India and Uzbekistan have close cultural The contract includes BT46 systems and historical connections and our peoples have similar developmental aspirations. for the CV9035, Carl-Gustaf as well He further said that traders and travelers over centuries helped exchange of ideas as several infantry simulators up between countries. He expressed his happiness over several cultural events which to company level. For control and were held in Uzbekistan to commemorate the 25th Anniversary of establishment of monitoring of exercises, Saab’s new diplomatic relations between these two nations. The Uzbekistan Foreign Minister Manpack 300 is used. Additionally, a has expressed his happiness over visiting India which has strong cultural heritage. five-year support contract is included. He hoped that discussions held during the visit will help in identifying new areas Through these upgrades, the Estonian of cooperation and take relationship to a higher level. Army is increasing its training capacity.

6 IndiaSTRATEGIC September 2017 TALKING POINTS

MoS (Home) Prime Minister of Nepal calls on visits BSF Border the President Outpost in J&K, EW DELHI. Prime Reviews Operational Minister of Nepal, Mr NSher Bahadur Deuba, Preparedness on called on the President of Indo-Pak Border India, Ram Nath Kovind, at Rashtrapati Bhavan August 24. Welcoming the Nepalese Prime Minister, the President congratulated him on becoming the Prime Minister of Nepal for the 4th time. He expressed happiness that the Prime Minister of their strength from a shared history, Nepal is the first foreign dignitary to common culture, trade links and an stay in Rashtrapati Bhavan during his open border. This is symbolised by the Presidency. The President expressed “special” treatment both countries give EW DELHI. The Union satisfaction on the state of India-Nepal to each other’s citizens. India is looking Minister of State for Home relations which have seen eight high forward to expanding its economic and NAffairs, Mr Hansraj Gangaram level visits in the past three years. He development cooperation with Nepal, Ahir visited Border Security Force said that India-Nepal relations derive as per Nepal’s national priorities. (BSF) Border Outpost (BoP) Chamliyal in Ramgarh sector along the Indo- Pak International Border (IB) in Boeing, EL AL Celebrate Delivery of Jammu and Kashmir August 24 First 787 Dreamliner and reviewed the Operational the ongoing renewal of the EL AL fleet, Preparedness on the IB. which started a year and a half ago Ram Awtar, IG BSF, gave a when we decided to order 16 Boeing detailed briefing on the prevailing 787 Dreamliners. We are happy to security scenario on Jammu Border, embark on a new journey with our the various measures undertaken first Dreamliner." EL AL has been an all- by Border Security Force to Boeing carrier since taking delivery of its strengthen the border protection, first new Boeing airplane in 1961 and threat perception existing on the currently operates a fleet of more than International Borders and the 40 airplanes including Next-Generation existing border control & protection 737s, 747s, 767s and 777s. mechanism undertaken vis-à-vis the EL AVIV, ISRAEL. Boeing, EL likely threats. AL Israel Airlines and Air Lease TCorporation celebrated the 's Historic Flagship HMS Victory Preserved for the Future delivery of the carrier's first Boeing 787 PECIALIST ENGINEERS from BAE Systems Dreamliner August 23. EL AL leased the are working with the National Museum airplane through an agreement with Air Sof the Royal Navy on a unique project to Lease Corporation. The 787-9 touched help preserve HMS Victory, the world’s oldest down in Tel Aviv following a nonstop, commissioned warship, for future generations. 6,746 mile (10,856 km.) delivery flight The work will see engineers install a new from Paine Field, adjacent to Boeing's structural support system for the ship, which is factory in Everett, Washington. "The part of the most extensive restoration project arrival of the first Boeing 787 Dreamliner of the 252-year-old warship following her repair after the Battle of Trafalgar. HMS is a day of pride and joy to all of us at EL Victory is the oldest warship in the Royal Navy’s fleet and is the flagship of the First AL," said EL AL Chief Executive Officer Sea Lord, Admiral Sir Philip Jones KCB ADC. She will remain open to the public as a David Maimon. "It is the highlight in visitor attraction throughout the restoration project which is due to complete in 2018.

IndiaSTRATEGIC 7

September 2017

India Gains in Stature at BRICS Summit in China n By Nilova Roy Chaudhury

HE BRICS Summit in Xiamen, China has worked well to considerably enhance India’s global stature. Even before it began, the 9th summit meeting between the leaders of Brazil, TRussia, India, China and South Africa (BRICS) ensured that the face-off between Indian and Chinese forces ended peacefully, with mutual disengagement at the Doklam tri-junction. Chinese President Xi Jinping did not want a situation where one of the five leaders due to be present at the crucial summit did not attend, and Indian diplomacy allowed him that face-saver. It is an indicator of the importance of BRICS Prime Minister that both Prime Minister Narendra Modi and Narendra Modi being received by President President Xi were invested enough in the Xi Jinping at the BRICS group to ensure that officials brought about Summit the disengagement at the Doklam tri-junction a week before the summit at Xiamen.

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At the summit, on September 4 and 5, there its affiliates including the Haqqani network, PM Modi in the BRICS Family Photograph with was no awkwardness on display as Indian Prime Lashkar-e-Taiba, Jaish-e-Mohammad, TTP and other Leaders, at the Minister Modi met with President Xi, indicating Hizb ut-Tahrir.” 9th BRICS Summit, in Xiamen, China that they had decided to place bilateral tensions The Xiamen declaration also “deplored all behind them and look ahead to ensure that terrorist attacks worldwide, including attacks differences between the two countries did not in BRICS countries, and condemned terrorism turn into disputes. in all its forms and manifestations wherever At the Summit, India scored a major committed and by whomsoever and stress that diplomatic victory and managed to ensure that there can be no justification whatsoever for any China’s ‘all-weather ally’ Pakistan was censured act of terrorism.” by the BRICS leaders. For the first time ever, This Declaration goes well beyond what India the names of key Pakistan-sponsored terrorist managed to include in the Goa Declaration on organisations like the Jaish-e-Mohammad (JEM), October 15, 2016, at the eighth BRICS summit, Lashkar-e-Taiba (LET) and the Haqqani network which it chaired. While that declaration included were included in the BRICS joint declaration for ‘dismantling of terror bases’ as a requirement causing violence. in counter terrorism and the need to jointly The BRICS leaders unanimously adopted the combat weapons of mass destruction, there was declaration in which they expressed “concern on no mention then of any specific terrorist groups the security situation in the region and violence and India had to accept a considerably toned caused by the Taliban, ISIL/DAISH, Al-Qaida and down critique of terrorism to get the consensus.

IndiaSTRATEGIC 11 September 2017

The Xiamen declaration adopted September of the latest Information and Communication 4 also called for greater efficiency in designation Technologies (ICTs). We are committed to of terrorists. This is particularly significant and prevent and counter the growing spread of yet ironic because China has been the one terrorist narratives, and to tackle all sources, country blocking the designation of JEM chief techniques and channels of terrorist financing.” Masood Azhar as a global terrorist. While it remains to be seen whether Beijing “We reaffirm our commitment on increasing will walk the talk on this declaration and set the effectiveness of the UN counter-terrorism aside its objection to getting the Jaish-e- framework, including in the areas of cooperation Mohammad chief Masood Azhar declared a and coordination among the relevant UN global terrorist by the United Nations, the fact entities, designation of terrorists and terrorist is that such a strong and specific declaration The Xiamen groups and technical assistance to Members would certainly embarrass Islamabad. China, declaration States,” the joint declaration states. which is building the China Pakistan Economic also “deplored The hard-hitting Xiamen Declaration goes on Corridor (CPEC) is wary of terrorist attacks on all terrorist to “call upon all nations to adopt a comprehensive its own citizens working on various projects approach in combating terrorism, which should in Pakistan (of whom 11 have been killed) attacks include countering radicalisation, recruitment, and hence agreed to set aside its objections worldwide, movement of terrorists including Foreign to criticism of its “all weather ally.”“All BRICS stressing that Terrorist Fighters, blocking sources of financing leaders came up very strongly in condemning there can be terrorism including, for instance, through terror in all its manifestations. You can see that organized crime by means of money-laundering, in seven paragraphs of the declaration,” said no justification supply of weapons, drug trafficking and other Preeti Saran, Secretary in the Indian External whatsoever criminal activities, dismantling terrorist bases, Affairs Ministry, at a media briefing after the for any act of and countering misuse of the Internet including Xiamen Declaration was adopted. terrorism” social media by terrorist entities through misuse At the Goa Summit in 2016, BRICS set up

12 IndiaSTRATEGIC September 2017

a working group on counter-terrorism and and missile technologies which has adversely Mr Modi in a bilateral meeting with Mr Xi annual meetings are now held of the National impacted India’s national security.” Jinping on the sidelines Security Advisors of the five member countries. BRICS are not just major emerging economies, of the BRICS Summit This allows for joint planning and sharing of which together account for huge global territory, intelligence to combat what Saran called a population, economic or military strength, but “global scourge.” together they represent the voice of countries “Prime Minister, speaking on countering that are finding their place in the new multi-polar terrorism, suggested a strategy for joint action international order. Together, BRICS account for and did mention money laundering, terrorist roughly 40 percent of the world population and financing, cyber space as well as proposing over 20 percent of the global economy. an initiative for the BRICS on countering The five-nation bloc has condemned all radicalisation,” Saran said. forms and manifestations of terrorism and has India has offered to host an international consistently urged the international community conference on de-radicalisation which, official to come together to fight this menace. Since sources told India Strategic, could be held as the first BRICS Summit in 2009, the group early as late October. has consistently expressed support for the China, in fact, found itself caught on the back UN which it says remains the nodal agency foot at the BRICS summit with another close ally, to combat terrorism globally and, for this North Korea, choosing to detonate a nuclear endeavour, maintained their support for the bomb just ahead of the summit. The joint India-sponsored Comprehensive Convention on declaration strongly condemned Pyongyang’s International Terrorism (CCIT) at the UN. action. New Delhi separately, also issued a Speaking at the media briefing shortly after strong condemnation deploring Pyongyang’s the BRICS joint declaration was adopted, Saran hydrogen bomb test, and said it “remains outlined some of the other key features of the concerned about the proliferation of nuclear outcome document.

IndiaSTRATEGIC 13

September 2017

relationship and mutual desire for peace and prosperity around the two countries. The two leaders decided to work together to elevate their partnership to the next level INDIA, JAPAN to advance common strategic objectives to reflect the growing convergence in political, economic and strategic interests. Support a Free, Open The bilateral bonhomie was particularly on display when, after a welcome befitting and Prosperous royalty on arrival and a guided tour of India’s first UNESCO-designated heritage city, Prime Ministers Modi and Abe together Indo-Pacific laid the foundation stone for the bullet train n By Nilova Roy Chaudhury between Mumbai and Ahmedabad in the Gujarat capital. They hoped the 508-km- EW DELHI. “India-Japan ties are at their best long Mumbai-Ahmedabad High-Speed Rail ever,” Kenji Hiramatsu, Japan’s Ambassador (MAHSR) corridor, to be built at a cost of $17 to India, told India Strategic days before billion, would do for the Indian economy what Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe arrived in the Shinkansen bullet train did for Japan’s India for the 12th annual India-Japan summit in economy. theN Gujarat capital Ahmedabad. Speaking at the foundation stone-laying The mutual warmth and the outcome of the discussions ceremony, Mr Abe said, “A new Japan was between Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi and Mr Abe Prime Minister born in 1964 after the Shinkansen’s launch. Narendra Modi Modi plans to do the same for a new India, September 13 and 14 appeared to amply reflect the sentiment welcomes Japanese behind that statement. The title of the Joint Statement Prime Minister and we are determined to realise his plan,” Shinzo Abe, at he said. The strategic partnership between issued at the end of the summit, “Towards a free, open and Mahatma Mandir, in prosperous Indo-Pacific” itself also outlined the state of the Gandhinagar, Gujarat the two nations would help make India the

16 IndiaSTRATEGIC September 2017

“world’s factory,” the Japanese PM said. sky civil aviation, while deals were sealed for infrastructure “India and Japan will play a major role development in Gujarat’s Mandal Bechraj-Khoraj region and in Asia’s emergence,” said the Indian Prime to bring fresh food from Japan to India – thoughtfully – for Minister. “The growing convergence between Japanese expatriates whose number in this country is sure India and Japan on strategic and economic to rise. issues has the capacity to stimulate the global “Japan has been closely involved with most of the flagship economy. Strong India and Strong Japan will projects in India, like Make in India, Skill India, Digital India,” also be a stabilising factor in Asia and the said Indian Foreign Secretary Subrahmanyam Jaishankar. “We world,” he observed. agreed specifically on an investment promotion partnership For the MAHSR, Japan is providing a which was putting together modalities which would further $12-billion loan, at an interest of 0.1 per accelerate Japanese investments in India,” he said while cent, for 50 years. This will include a 10-year briefing the media after two days of intense discussions moratorium on repayment for the project. between the two PMs. The Indian bullet train will have 10 cars and “The broad thrust of the discussions has been about how accommodate 750 people. Of the 508-km to really elevate the level of the ‘Special, Strategic and Global stretch it will cover, 468 km will be elevated, 27 Partnership’ between the two countries,” Jaishankar said. km through tunnels, and the remaining on the “We are trying to align each other’s approach towards the ground. The average speed of the train will be world and towards the region. In Japan’s case it is the free 320 kmph, reaching a maximum of 350 kmph, and open Indo-Pacific Strategy, in our case it is the Act East completing the distance between Mumbai Policy,” he explained. and Ahmedabad in less than two hours. This On defence and security cooperation, the thrust of is the normal speed at which trains in Europe the contact and cooperation so far has been on maritime have been running for decades now. In Japan, security and, this time, “we agreed to explore cooperation they go faster. and exchanges between the Army and Japan Ground Self A total of 15 agreements and Memorandums Defence Force and also between our Air force and Japan’s Mr Modi with Abe at of Understanding (MoUs) were signed after the India-Japan Business Air Self Defence Force, as well as, with the Coastguards,” the the summit, the fourth between Mr Modi and Summit. Chief Minister Foreign Secretary said. of Gujarat Vijay Rupani Mr Abe. MoUs were signed in the areas of and the Deputy Chief “There was discussion on defence cooperation including disaster risk management, skill development, Minister of Gujarat, technology cooperation and equipment cooperation,” Nitinbhai Patel are also connectivity for India’s Northeast, and open- seen including dual use technologies, he said, but declined to

IndiaSTRATEGIC 17 September 2017

specify the hurdles preventing India from acquiring the US 2 Japan has both India and Japan shared a principled ShinMaywa Amphibious Aircraft. approach towards how connectivity should Notably, there is a regular and institutionalised engagement been closely be built,” Jaishankar said. Taking on China’s between India and Japan through the annual Defence involved One Belt One Road (OBOR), the two leaders Ministerial Dialogue, the National Security Advisers’ dialogue, opined that connectivity should be open, the “2+2” Dialogue (defence and foreign ministers), the with most of transparent, and non-exclusive and it should Defence Policy Dialogue and Service-to-Service staff talks. the flagship follow responsible debt financing practices. Mr Katsuyuki Kawai, Special Advisor on foreign affairs to There was greater focus on Africa, on how Prime Minister Abe, said he had been deeply involved in the projects in best to meld the individual strengths of Japan “trialogue” comprising the United States, Japan and India, as India, like and India in that continent; India’s outreach “like-minded forces” that are attracting more regional players Make in and long-standing goodwill with Japan’s like Australia and others, to be part of the naval exercises to quality and deep pockets. drive home the point that Chinese ‘ham slicing’, expansionism, India, Skill Another crucial aspect of raising threat and coercion will not scare the democratic world and India connectivity was an agreement to work in that ‘action, will be met by action.’ a more focused and substantive way on “There are two aspects of India-Japan relations I want to and India’s North East. A Japan-India Act East highlight,” Kawai said. “The first is high speed of railways that Digital India Forum has been established to explore the takes railways to a new era. The second aspect is security. possibilities of involving Japan in developing The Malabar joint naval exercise between Japan, India and critical infrastructure in Northeast India and United States in July is a symbol of defence cooperation. Japan connecting it to Bangladesh and Myanmar, looks forward to joint development of military equipment thereby practically providing legs to India’s with India,” he said, outlining the growing bilateral security Act East policy. partnership. Terrorism made up a significant part of the Seeking to firm up the Asia-Africa Growth Corridor (AAGC) agenda of discussions. Japan has always made initiative, “connectivity was the second big theme and again clear that it has zero tolerance for terrorism

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(Left) Prime Ministers Targeting Islamabad, “the two Prime Ministers also called of India and Japan, Mr Narendra Modi and for Pakistan to bring to justice the perpetrators of terrorist Mr Shinzo Abe jointly attacks including those of the November 2008 terrorist attack unveiled the Foundation Stone of India’s First in Mumbai and the 2016 terrorist attack in Pathankot. They Bullet Train Project; looked forward to the convening of the fifth India-Japan Being explained the route of the Mumbai- Consultation on Terrorism and to strengthening cooperation Ahmedabad bullet train against terrorist threats from groups including Al-Qaida, ISIS, and, in the 60-paragraph long Joint Statement; Jaish-e-Mohammad, Lashkar-e-Taiba, and their affiliates.” there is a specific mention of rooting out safe North Korea’s dangerous antics and the situation in havens, on disrupting terrorism networks, Afghanistan were other prominent areas of regional focus financing channels and halting cross-border before PM Abe left for home to confront a fresh missile crisis movement of terrorists. As in the Declaration in the Korean peninsula. “The proliferation of weapons for issued after the BRICS summit in Xiamen, mass destruction by North Korea is a destabilising factor for our China, earlier this month, in the India Japan region,” said Advisor Kawai, blaming China for Pyongyang’s joint statement, the two countries have dangerous power play. specifically named terrorist organisations like “The North Korean leadership has an upper hand over the Al-Qaida, ISIS, Jaish-e-Mohammad, Lashkar- Chinese leadership,” said the Japanese PM’s key advisor. This e-Taiba and other affiliates, and agreed to entire opaque process, according to Kawai, “raises China’s cooperate against them. importance in the international arena as a country that has the The two Prime Ministers “condemned wherewithal to leash North Korea. In fact, greater the nuisance in the strongest terms the growing menace North Korea becomes, the greater the value of China” to the of terrorism and violent extremism,” the global community. statement said. Praising New Delhi for standing up to Beijing’s intransigence “The two Prime Ministers called upon all UN during the faceoff at the Doklam tri-junction, Kawai said, “I member countries (read China) to implement strongly feel the Indian government’s resilience, perseverance the UNSC Resolution 1267 and other relevant and determination in the Doklam standoff resulted in a resolutions designating terrorist entities. They settlement according to the rule of international law rather emphasised the need for stronger international than a unilateral decision”. partnership in countering terrorism and violent He summed up the growing partnership as: “A strong Japan extremism, including through increased is in India’s interest and a strong India is in Japan’s interest. sharing of information and intelligence,” the Our bilateral relationship is indispensable to the Indo-Pacific statement said. region as well as the world.” n

IndiaSTRATEGIC 19 September 2017

Mr Abhay Paranjpe (left) Mr Randall L. Howard in their Delhi office LOCKHEED MARTIN in jet speed to Make F-16s in India n By Air Marshal VK Jimmy Bhatia (Retd)

EW DELHI. Lockheed indicate that the US Government whatever the IAF asks for, and our Martin is in jet speed is also aggressively backing the technology will be unmatched to make the latest Lockheed Martin proposal in and unprecedented.” variant of its F-16 Government-to-Government We pointed out that Chief of Block 70 in India. (G-2-G) talks with the Indian the Air Staff, Air Chief Marshal NDuring the Paris Air Show, on Government. BS Dhanoa, had told us in an June 19, the company announced Mr Abhay Paranjpe, Executive interview that IAF now logically a coproduction agreement with Director, International Business expects better specifications the Tata Advanced Systems Development and Mr Randall L than were asked for in the 2007 Ltd (TATA), and now it has Howard, Business Development tender for the Medium Multi Role disclosed that in anticipation of head for F-16 said during a Combat Aircraft (MMRCA). The a contract from the Indian Air recent tete-a-tete with Team F-16, which was the first to bring Force (IAF) for a single engine India Strategic in New Delhi that a powerful Active Electronically aircraft manufacturing facility, the company had already worked Scanned Array (AESA) radar on it has already initiated steps to out the best available systems board in its Block 60 aircraft create the required ecosystem in that could be integrated in the delivered to the United Arab the country. Diplomatic sources aircraft, assuring: “We will provide Emirates (UAE) way back in 2004,

20 IndiaSTRATEGIC September 2017

does not yet have the Infra Red Search and Track (IRST) system. IRST, which is there on board the French Rafale already taken by IAF, is a passive system and can detect hostile aircraft and targets between 60 to 100 km or so without being detected itself, unlike any radar system including the AESA. As the world’s biggest military hardware company, “we will be able to offer whatever the IAF wants, on time and cost,” said Paranjpe, adding that the Lockheed Martin proposal will include assured periodic upgrades. AESA is a key component for contemporary and future aircraft, and can look up to 400 km depending upon the radar’s power and aircraft’s height. Paranjpe also said that the new AESA, to be acquired from Northrop Grumman which had made it first for F-16 Block 60 and later for F-22 and F-35, will The landmark agreement between Lockheed Martin and TASL to co-produce F-16 Block be of a new 4th generation, and 70 in India being signed at Paris Airshow June 19, 2017

A fully loaded F-16 IN Super Viper in IAF colours showing off its swing-role weapons capability

IndiaSTRATEGIC 21 September 2017

compared to the earlier versions which are liquid cooled, will be air cooled and still perform better. It will be multimode, able to lock onto 20 targets simultaneously, and pilots can priortise which targets to engage first. Randall said that the company will meet any specs required by the IAF. The aircraft is comfortable in power and weight and can accommodate whatever is needed. Lockheed Martin will leverage some future technologies from its F-35. “As the F-16 Block 70 will be a new generation aircraft, it will also share some components and latest technologies with those of the F-35 to the extent of 70-75 per cent. The Block 70 will also have conformal fuel tanks for longer range.” Making a point on F-16 Block 70’s unique characteristics: Mr Randall L. Howard, F-16 The company will shift the Business Development, Lockheed Martin entire factory and production line from Fort Worth in Texas to 70 per cent. This, or whatever is for a minimum of 100 first to India if – repeat if – the Ministry required by IAF, will be matched, be followed by many more later of Defence (MoD) selects the Randall said. will be huge. “We have a great aircraft. Paranjpe pointed out that IAF’s partnership with TASL, and we Notably, the global standard urgency in aircraft requirement is should be able to produce three for aircraft availability is about no secret, and the Indian order to four aircraft every month for

A formidable front view of the Super Viper

22 IndiaSTRATEGIC September 2017

Indian and global requirements. in, Panajpe and Randall said that Lockheed Martin will have to We will create a big defence they hoped that India will follow invest. Sharing facilities will help industrial base, a supply chain for the US business model. There, a save costs and production and not only India but for the world, runway is shared by the US Air testing time. and that will include spares.” Force (USAF) and industry, the With TASL and IAF working with Asked about how much two being on either side of it, and us, it will simply be great, Paranjpe investment the company will put that will determine how much observed, adding: “We are also ready to pass on the required knowledge and knowhow to local partners.” Randall said that Lockheed Martin had produced nearly 4,600 aircraft in 138 variants and sold to 27 countries, including the US. Sixteen of these countries placed repeat orders. He also pointed out, significantly, that while the Indian Ministry of Defence is yet to place the order under its new policy of Make in India and having a Strategic Partner, Lockheed Martin is doing its homework in anticipation of winning it. We have worked out the technologies onboard, Display Systems, Software, Air-to-Air and Air-to-ground Targeting Systems, and what to do with whom as part of our effort to create an An artists view of F-16 Block 70 with enabling ecosystem and move nose-mounted IRST on take off roll literally at jet speed. n

F-16 assembly line. Ready to move to India!!

IndiaSTRATEGIC 23 September 2017 Saab, Adani collaborate in Aerospace and Defence n By Gulshan Luthra

EW DELHI. Swedish Saab has literally offered a sweet dish to India, saying it will share the best of its aerospace technologies for the Indian Air Force (IAF) and give it full controls like the vital source codes on aircraft equipment and components so that IAF can play with them for modification to its requirements now and in the coming decades. Pitching to sell the latest variant of its combat jet, Gripen E, Saab CEO and President Hakan Buskhe announced his company’s partnership with India’s Adani Group to Make the aircraft in India, observing: “ We are committed to the India- Sweden relationship and in bringing the latest technology and skills to India.” Asked specifically about the source codes by India Strategic, Mr Bukhse indicated that the Swedes would give unfettered control over technologies to India, and hopefully meet system that would involve many partners, vendors whatever demands the Ministry of Defence (MoD) and suppliers. To achieve this, we need a strong makes with regard to technologies. Indian partner who can help create the framework The Saab Chairman addressed newsmen for the infrastructure and eco-system to come September 1 along with Adani Group Chairman into place.” Gautam Adani, pointing out that Saab had finalised Mr Adani said, “We are proud of our enduring this partnership as the “Adani group is one of relationship with Saab and look forward to partnering India’s largest conglomerates … with a long history in major projects such as Gripen. Our various of entrepreneurship spanning through decades of collaborations in aerospace and defence sectors will dynamic growth.” help establish new production lines in India, generate “We are committed to the India-Sweden employment and build sustainable skills.” relationship and in bringing the latest technology He expressed confidence that his rich team and skills to India,” Mr Buskhe said adding: “Our of engineers and professionals, engaged in oil, plans in India are to create a new defence eco- infrastructure and other projects, would do well in

24 IndiaSTRATEGIC September 2017

defence industrial infrastructure also, and meet any for customers abroad. (From left to right) Jan Widerström, specifications and timelines set by the Government Mr Ashish Rajvanshi, Head, Defence & Country Head and for manufacturing the aircraft. The Group has Aerospace, Adani Group, said that the Group Chairman, Saab India Technologies; several global partnerships already and employs was firmly placed in expanding in the defence Hakan Buskhe, 50,000 people. industrial sector. It is not just an opportunity for CEO and President, Saab; Gautam MoD is looking for a single engine fighter to the industry but the need of the country which has Adani, Chairman be produced in India, and the two companies to induct new and futuristic technologies towards Adani Group; Ashish Rajvanshi, in competition are the US Lockheed Martin and self reliance. Head, Defense & Sweden’s Saab. One of them will be picked up Source Codes to a system are important, so Aerospace, Adani under the Strategic Partnership model with an that IAF and Indian engineers can integrate its Group Indian company to produce a minimum of about own private algorithms in onboard computers and 100 but over the years some 300 to 400 or more maintain its exclusive maintenance and operational Medium Multi Role Combat Aircraft (MMRCA) with control over the aircraft. periodic upgrades both for the Indian market and Sweden’s new envoy to India, Ambassador Klas

IndiaSTRATEGIC 25 September 2017

“We are committed to the India-Sweden relationship and in bringing the latest technology and skills to India”

Hakan Buskhe, Molin, who arrived only that day in the morning Besides better specs overall in the new CEO and President, Saab from his previous posting in Thailand, graced the requirements, five key systems are the heart of occasion but declined to make any comment. any deal, that is, AESA, IRST, Anti-Radiation Attack Notably, Chief of the Air Staff, Air Chief Marshal capability, Range, and Stealth. Saab has promised BS Dhanoa had told India Strategic in an earlier all of them in its Gripen E. interview that IAF was looking for technologies The 2007 contest for 126 combat aircraft with newer than those stipulated in 2007, when the an option for 63 more, included both the single MMRCA tender was floated among six global engine aircraft now in competition for Make in aircraft manufacturers. Mr Bukhse promised that, India, the US Lockheed Martin F-16 and Swedish saying the latest generation Gripen E would meet Saab Gripen. the Indian expectations. The contest was however scrapped and the The aircraft will be equipped with Active Indian Government decided to buy 36 twin engine Electronically Scanned Array (AESA) combat French Rafale, which led the competition, first in radar, the passive Infra Red Search and technology along with Eurofighter, and then in price. Track (IRST) system to locate hostile targets, In a joint statement, Saab and Adani said that Anti-Radiation attack capability, a powerful Engine their collaboration plan(s) within aerospace and for longer range than before, and Stealth features. defence in India, aligned with the Government The 2007 Request for Proposals (RfP) had of India’s Make in India initiative. The intended included all these specs. At that time, one collaboration would encompass design, requirement for an anti-radiation missile was development and production of Gripen for available only from the US war technology giant, India and other high-tech products of national Raytheon, which produced its High Speed Anti- importance for India and also the creation of joint Radiation Missile (HARM) for attack on radar ventures in India in line with and in support of the facilities. It was integrated then only on board Make in India policy. Boeing’s F 18 Super Hornet. “Saab, in partnership with Adani Group, will A similar system is now available though discuss possibilities to offer solutions to bring in Europe. required design and manufacturing capabilities

26 IndiaSTRATEGIC September 2017

in defence and aerospace to India. A collaboration between Saab and Adani will combine the technical and product excellence of Saab, along with the industrial engineering, system integration and mega project execution capabilities of Adani with the intention to manufacture defence systems locally in India.” The two companies would keep in mind India’s focus on creating future- proof and home-grown capabilities across all industries, explore how to cooperate to develop a wider aerospace and defence ecosystem in India and

encourage the development of small and medium the single engine fighter programme, in order sized enterprises along with a robust national to support the Make in India policy and exhibit supply chain. the parties long term commitment to be jointly The statement added: Gripen would be offered successful. to the Indian Government as the best solution for Gripen is a modern multi-role fighter aircraft India’s single-engine fighter aircraft programme. featuring state-of-the-art technology, including The collaboration would also include projects, advanced data links and sensors plus a unique programmes and technologies of national extensive electronic warfare suite. Gripen importance to India. The parties’ plan to develop can perform all air-to-air, air-to-surface and the relationship into a structure of joint ventures in reconnaissance missions with the most modern India for execution of the programmes, including range of weapons and systems. n

IndiaSTRATEGIC 27 September 2017

India Israel Relations and Defence Co-operation

n By Major General PK Chakravorty (Retd) 2016 and Prime Minister Modi visited Israel in the first week of July 2017. This visit was FRIEND IN need is a friend indeed. to celebrate 25 years of diplomatic relations. (Above) INS Kolkata Israel has come to India’s aid The visit was not linked with any other firing Long-Range during critical occasions and has neighbouring country. Surface-to-Air Missile Barak 8 supplied us defence equipment Israel and India are intense strategic (Below) Israeli which were needed urgently to partners. Both countries were created at IAI Harop anti- undertake operations. This was done even approximately the same time and despite radiation loitering A drone missile when there was no diplomatic relations. The different perceptions have all along been system has been inducted into the friendship is deep and has stood the test of reliable partners. The creation of Israel was Indian Air Force times and moved from strength to strength. opposed by Mahatma Gandhi but the erstwhile The Israeli president visited India in November Jan Sangh (present Bharatiya Janta Party) recognised Israel as a friend right from its inception. India after gaining independence championed the Non-Aligned movement and the main leaders were Gamel Abdel Nasser of Egypt, Marshal Tito of erstwhile Yugoslavia and Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru of India. To the contrary, Israel was firmly wedded to the Western powers and posed a problem for overt relations with India. Militarily, Israel always looked at India as a partner against Islamic terrorism and nuclear proliferation. Reports indicate that Israel supplied heavy mortars and ammunition to India through European outlets prior to the liberation of Bangladesh in 1971. Further, Israel has been concerned about

28 IndiaSTRATEGIC September 2017 acquisition of nuclear weapons by Pakistan with Israel. The main issues for friendship India knew and would not hesitate to take military action with the Arab countries were the guaranteed if presented an opportunity. The collapse availability of oil and backing of the OIC on that Israel of the Soviet Union in 1991 saw the end of the Kashmir issue. In June 1990 the price had captured the Cold War and the beginning of multiple of oil dropped to an all time low of $14 to a Soviet relationships between countries. The Indian barrel. Further, despite India’s request, all Arab equipment economy was opened up and this saw new countries in the OIC voted against India with relationships being developed with countries regard to the Kashmir issue. To top it all Gulf during the having High Technology. Official relations War in 1990 demonstrated the superiority of 1967 war and were opened between the two countries and Western weaponry vis-a-vis Soviet systems. had developed thereafter they have become strategic partners There was a need to modernise Indian Armed upgrades in the region. Forces and possibly the route of seeking assistance from Israel appeared viable. All and spares DEVELOPMENT OF these issues made the Indian Government to for all these FRIENDSHIP- THE rethink and move from a philosophical foreign equipment. DEFENCE FACTOR policy to a pragmatic foreign policy. The Indian It was India's On November 29, 1947, a resolution was Government during this period moved from passed by the United Nations General Assembly democratic socialism to an open economy in defence that Palestine would be partitioned and the which public sector was gradually disinvested, interest to Jews would have a homeland in the partitioned the Non-Aligned Movement was no longer the collaborate state. On May 14, 1948 David Ben Gurion cornerstone of our foreign policy and there was with Israel declared the independence of Israel and two replacement of idealism by pragmatism. India days later, on May 16, the only Jewish majority soon realised that its ‘Area of Interest’ included state was formed. The moment the country the Straits of Hormuz, Suez Canal and Bab-el- was formed the Arabs declared war and Mandab. The change in India’s vision and its Israel stabilised her boundaries. India after its desire to emerge as a strong nation, naturally independence adopted a foreign policy which led it to open diplomatic relations with Israel. was pro Arab and anti Israel. The reason was In February 1992 Israel opened its Embassy first of all India’s need for oil and gas for in New Delhi and in May 1992 India opened development as also to win Arab support in its Embassy in Tel Aviv. The opening of IAF's Phalcon the Organisation for Islamic countries (OIC). diplomatic relations saw a strategic partnership Mounted IL-76 Further our foreign policy emphasised on between the two countries. Leaders, people AWACS aircraft nonalignment in which Israel which was a and soldiers developed an affectionate bond Western block ally and did not fit in. Therefore we continued to support the Arabs during the 1967 and 1973 Arab Israeli wars. Covertly Israel always maintained friendly relations but it was only after the Gulf War in 1991 that India realised the need to be pragmatic in dealing with foreign countries and this is the time when gears were changed and India commenced her political relationship with Israel. Historically, events turned the tide for Israel. The Soviet Union collapsed on December 25, 1991 bringing an end to the Cold War. More than 70 per cent of India’s defence equipment came from the Soviet Union and it was extremely difficult to ensure spares and maintenance of the equipment which was undertaken with assurance from the 15 newly formed sovereign republics. India knew that Israel had captured Soviet equipment during the 1967 war. Further, Israel had developed upgrades and spares for all these equipment. It was in India’s defence interest to collaborate

IndiaSTRATEGIC 29 September 2017

which transformed both these countries in vegetables are grown by innovative methods, all spheres. After 25 years since the opening thereby enabling Israel to export fruits and of diplomatic missions, the relationship has vegetables globally. Currently Israel is setting prospered due to democratic traditions, similar up centres of excellence for fruits at Sirsa judicial systems, ease of communicating in the (Haryana) and vegetables at Karnal (Haryana). English language and exchange of technical Further Israel is providing us technologies and industrial knowledge. The relationship has related to water conservation, desalination, been strengthened by the presence of 70,000 waste water management and micro irrigation. Indian Jews in Israel and frequent visits by the Multifarious cooperation between the two youth of Israel who are fascinated by India. The countries has resulted in an international survey strengthened political relationship has resulted finding in 2006 that Israel is the most popular in enhanced economic cooperation between country in India. the two countries. In 1992 the primary trade between the COOPERATION IN two countries was diamonds and amounted MILITARY AREAS Multifarious to about $200 million. Currently the two Establishment of diplomatic relations with way trade between India and Israel is around Israel in 1992 was driven by the potential cooperation $5.15 billion. The major exports from India in military cooperation. Israel has a state- between to Israel comprise of precious stones, metals, of-the-art defence industry and is willing to chemical products, textiles, plants, vegetable cooperate with India in all spheres of defence the two products, rubber, plastics and machinery. The activities. In March 1994 Israel’s Research and countries has imports from Israel are jewellery, machinery, Development Chief visited India. This was transport and defence equipment. Further followed by the visit of our Scientific Advisor resulted in an a Free Trade Agreement is currently being to Raksha Mantri to Israel in 1996. Israel was international negotiated between the two countries. The willing to assist India in all areas of defence survey finding present Foreign Direct Investment inflows activities. With the breakup of the Soviet Union from Israel to India in the last decade is $53.24 and Russia sill consolidating its position, India in 2006 that million which though small quantitatively is was fortunate to have Israel as a dependable Israel is the directed at important sectors like renewable strategic partner. energy, telecommunications, real estate and In December 1996, President Ezer Weizman, most popular water technologies. Israel has signed bilateral accompanied by a 24 member business country in agreements for assistance in agriculture. delegation visited India. After the visit Israel India Though located in desert terrain, fruit and offered India technical cooperation in matters

30 IndiaSTRATEGIC September 2017

related to military aircraft, reverse engineering to provide Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), (Left) UAV Searcher and the upgrading of weapon systems. India state-of-the art night vision devices and MK II; Heron UAV posted its first Defence Attaché in 1997 and laser guided bombs. This brought in a new this paved the way for enhanced defence dimension of the reliability of Israel providing cooperation between the two countries. technology during a conflict when all other In 1996 India purchased an Air Combat countries deny technology till hostilities are Manoeuvring Instrumentation Range which over. This has seen the defence relationship was established at Air Force Station Jamnagar. move from strength-to-strength even with the Thereafter, two Dvora patrol boats were introduction of the United Progressive Alliance procured for the Indian Navy at a cost of $10 (UPA) Government in 2004 million. In the same period Tadiran provided As stated earlier, Israel has been cooperative state-of-the-art frequency hopping radio in selling defence equipment and sharing sets to the , ELOP provided the critical technology which has enabled India Long Range Observation Reconnaissance to gradually modernise its Armed Forces. System (LORROS), Soltam in conjunction with An exposition into the major defence issues Ordnance Factory Board agreed to upgrade the with Israel being optimised are as reported 130 mm Gun. Currently 180 Guns of 155 mm in the open domain. Israel has emerged as 45 Calibre have been upgraded and inducted. possibly the third biggest defence supplier Elta upgraded the avionics of the MiG-21 to India. India has received three Phalcon fighters and Barak missiles were sold to the AWACS mounted on the IL-76 aircraft. India Indian Navy. has acquired two Aerostats which have been The strengthening of defence relations deployed on the Western border along with moved into a higher trajectory by the election Long range EL/M-2083 radars. Further the of the National Democratic Alliance (NDA) three services have acquired the Searcher and which governed India from 1998 to 2004. For Heron UAVs for surveillance. the first time a pragmatic defence engagement The Air Defence aspect is procuring two major began with Israel. While India supported the weapon systems. First is the Medium Range Palestinians at the United Nations, defence Surface to Air Missile (MRSAM). In this regard the procurements continued with Israel. The missile will protect installations against aircraft, zenith of this relationship was during the Kargil helicopters and cruise missiles. The second conflict in 1999 when Israel was willing to involves the SPYDER short range Air Defence provide surveillance equipment and precision System with a range of 55km. Both these systems weapons on a fast track. They were willing are being procured from Rafael and Israel Aircraft

IndiaSTRATEGIC 31 September 2017

The defence Industries (IAI). In April 2009 India launched its for an advanced mobile observation system RISAT-2 reconnaissance satellite. The satellite designed for infantry soldiers is being procurements was initially presented as purely for civilian considered. from Israel purposes but it soon became clear that it was In addition to these, the Joint Venture in the last designed for military uses. The satellite carries a between DRDO and IAI to develop and Synthetic Aperture Radar system made in Israel produce the MRSAM and LRSAM are on track decade have and is believed to be providing credible results. and should be ready soon. Relations between exceeded IAI has completed upgrading India’s Mi-24/35 the two countries also received a shot in attack helicopters. Further there is a project to the arm as the Indian Ministry of Defence $10 billion. upgrade the An-32 aircraft. It is pertinent to add approved a deal for procurement of 262 Israel is one that the Indian Air Force has reportedly acquired Barak-1 missiles at an estimated cost of $143 the HAROP loitering missile which can engage million. Further the Cabinet Committee on of the very targets with pin-point accuracies at ranges more Security has approved procurement of nearly few countries than 200 km. 15 Heron UAVs to bolster our reconnaissance which are The defence procurements from Israel in capability. These are being inducted. In as the last decade have exceeded $10 billion. As much as MRSAM for the Army is concerned willing to a matter of fact there are only two countries a deal worth $ 1.6 billion was signed on 06 provide state- which are willing to provide state-of-the-art April 2017. Orders for Barak 8 (LRSAM) have technology to our country Russia and Israel. been signed for the first locally built aircraft of-the-art There are many joint ventures which are coming carrier Vikrant. The new deals have increased technology up between India and Israel for the MRSAM as the systems total order to $ 5 billion. to India also between Tata and ELTA who have formed Elbit of Israel is a participant in the 155 mm a company known as HBL ELTA Avionics (52 calibre) Towed Gun. The Gun has successfully System Limited. Israel has given us tremendous completed trials and is being currently evaluated assistance with regard to intelligence and by an Experts Committee. Elbit is having a counter terrorism. The formation of RAW consortium with Bharat Forge and together and NSG received tremendous guidance from with Tata Power SED have assisted Armament Israel. The Homeland techniques used by Israel Research Development Establishment (ARDE) are state-of-the-art and they have willingly in developing a 155 mm (52 Calibre) Gun assisted us in these fields. which is commonly known as the Advanced Towed Artillery Gun System (ATAGS). The Gun CURRENT STATUS is expected to start user trials in 2017 and Israel continues to assist in numerous projects. production is expected to commence in 2019. India is keen to buy and co-develop the Spike The Gun was publicly showcased at the Republic missile. This is currently being compared with Day Parade on 26 January 2017. Javelin of The United States. Israel would also Prime Minister Modi visited Israel July 4-6, team up with DRDO to produce high-tech 2017. This visit broke the glass ceiling with India's RISAT-2 systems related to command and control, regard to relations between the two countries. reconnaissance satellite developed with Israeli battlefield management, sensors and weapons He was given a un precedented welcome help at an estimated cost of $3 billion. Further, an which is only accorded to the President of additional joint development programme United States and the Pope of Vatican. The visit has made the relationship reach new heights. Defence cooperation and Agriculture were accorded the highest priority. The visit is a harbinger for many other developments in the future. CONCLUSION Many Israelis regard India as their best friend. This affection has been translated into great bonding in the defence sector. The Israelis are getting their equipment fine tuned in all the three services and are just a phone call away to attend to the Government, three Services, DRDO and private industry. n

32 IndiaSTRATEGIC

September 2017 The Doklam Challenge and its Military Implications n By General (Retd)

While the Indian response in this case cannot be taken as a template for how the Indian Army should react in similar situations in the future, certain peculiar aspects of the Doklam standoff need to be noted. TERRAIN CONFIGURATION Before proceeding any further, we need to be clear on the terrain configuration in the area and its military implications. The Doklam plateau is the western most part of Bhutan, with India Bhutan boundary immediately to the west of it. To the north lies the Chinese territory of Chumbi Valley while to the south, it is skirted by the Amu river. Further south of Amu River is the dominant peak of Gye Mochan which overlooks the Siliguri corridor just 30-35 km away. The Doklam plateau is one of the areas of territorial dispute between China and Bhutan, an issue which has not been resolved despite a series of meetings between the two over a prolonged period. However, as per a tripartite agreement of 2012 between India, China and Bhutan, it was EW DELHI. Right since 16th June 2017, agreed that the boundary issue will be resolved when the faceoff between Indian and peacefully and unilateral use of force will not be Chinese troops started at Doklam, the resorted to, to change the status quo. media both Chinese and Indian, has India also has the responsibility of protecting had a field day discussing economic, the territorial integrity of Bhutan, a small nation commercial, diplomatic and military strongly aligned to it. This has been enshrined in a implications of the faceoff and the treaty between the two. possibility of an all out war between India The Chumbi Valley is dominated by ridgelines and China. A mature decision taken by to the west and east which are part of India and both sides on August 28 to restore status Bhutan, respectively. Any buildup of Chinese troops quo as existing prior to the faceoff has in the Chumbi Valley for operations towards Doklam successfully averted a crisis. would be highly vulnerable to these dominating However, a detailed analysis of the ridgelines. Thus, militarily the Chinese are at a situation as it evolved over the 72-day potential disadvantage in the area and would have period is important from a military perspective, suffered heavy casualties in case of a confrontation. since it provides an insight in to the PLA’s The terrain does not allow overall Chinese military Prime Minister Narendra Modi with methodology of functioning. The possibility that superiority to be exploited successfully in this area. Chinese President such a situation may recur given the Chinese new Xi Jinping at the BRICS 2017 Summit found assertiveness all along the Line of Actual CHINESE DESIGNS in Xiamen post Control (LAC) is strong, particularly as Beijing is Over the last three decades, China has achieved Doklam de-escalation exercising the same mindset against its South China average annual growth rate of 8-9 per cent. In the Sea neighbours also. early phase of its rise in the 1990s, it followed Deng

34 IndiaSTRATEGIC September 2017

Xiao Ping’s dictum of ‘hiding its capabilities and biding its time’. In the second phase, it professed to be rising peacefully to claim its rightful place in the world order. However, in the past decade, with growth in its power, it has displayed assertiveness bordering on aggression to justify its claims all over. The unilateral declaration of Air Defence Identification Zone (ADIZ), promulgation of Nine-Dash line in the South China Sea (SCS) as its claim line, forcible occupation of disputed hitherto unoccupied islands like Scarborough Shoal and their conversion to military bases are indicative of aggressive intent in dealing with Vietnam, Malaysia, Brunei, Philippines, Taiwan etc, in the SCS. Likewise, in East China Sea (ECS), it has laid till firmly opposed, has paid rich dividends to China claim to Senkaku islands which are part of Japan. in the past. In Doklam too, the above strategy Against India too, China is getting more was applied. Traditionally, Tibetan graziers have aggressive, with larger number of intrusions having been coming to Doklam plateau for grazing their taken place all along the Sino Indian border during cattle on its rich vegetation in summers in the past, the last one year.The pattern that has emerged is without prejudice to Bhutanese control over the that China uses the sheer weight of its power to territory. However, the Chinese made this as the achieve what it wants. It legitimises its claims by basis of their claim and started construction of a taking recourse at times to some vague historical road on the plateau, despite protests by Bhutan. precedent/perspective. Use of Sun Tzu’s maxim of ‘winning wars without firing a bullet’ is being INDIAN RESPONSE skillfully applied to impose its will on smaller The Indian Army responded swiftly and moved neighbours. This policy of ‘creeping encroachment’ troops to oppose Chinese road construction

IndiaSTRATEGIC 35 September 2017

resulting in a face-to-face standoff between the two sides. The Indian troops were constrained to react because of the following reasons:- a. Agreement between India and Bhutan for coming to each other’s aid in case of aggression. India’s credibility as a faithful friend was at stake. b. Inability of Bhutan to withstand the Chinese juggernaut. c. Emergence of a serious threat to Siliguri corridor with the prospect of northeast India being cut off. The unexpected Indian firmness surprised the Chinese. Thereafter followed weeks and weeks

of unofficial and official Chinese media blitz to scare the Indians into submission and force them to withdraw from Doklam. Denial of visas for Mansarovar visit, allegations of Indian aggression in Doklam, Chinese preparatory exercises in Tibet for a confrontation, mobilisation of international opinion against the Indian stand, attempts at creating a

36 IndiaSTRATEGIC September 2017

wedge in Indo-Bhutan relations followed by threats prerequisites for the military to give a good account (Clockwise from top) A view of the of war and a repeat of 1962 were hurled at India in of itself in such situations in the future. Holy Kanchenjanga a constant barrage. In fact, psychological warfare It needs to be emphasised that one time infusion mountain from Gangtok, Sikkim; in all its avatars was tried without restraint. of funds to meet crisis situations would be a case of Nathula trade route However, India stood firm on its stand that too little too late. Regular funding on an ongoing to Chumbi Valley; Chinese fire drill in both sides must restore status quo as existing basis is the only solution for sound defence. Tibet prior to June 16 and withdraw troops to bring a The Chinese only understand the language of peaceful end to the ugly stalemate before resuming firmness. They respect force. A meek response a dialogue to resolve the issue. After much emboldens them to push the adversary further. procrastination, this was finally agreed to and the Our experience of dealing with them on the LAC two sides disengaged by August 28, 2017. during the past 50 years confirms this analysis. For the future, we need to keep it in mind while FUTURE COURSE OF ACTION dealing with them. One noteworthy and major gain It would be incorrect to feel euphoric over the has been the tacit recognition by the Chinese that final outcome of Doklam episode. From a military Doklam is a disputed territory and its status cannot perspective, it has to be seen as an instance where be altered unilaterally in future in the manner the Chinese aggressiveness has been stopped by attempted by them. a firm handling of the situation. As Chinese power Even though they have tried to save face by grows over time, there is a strong possibility of insisting that they can reconsider their decision threat of aggression being repeatedly used to to deploy troops anytime in the future, they achieve territorial gains by undertaking ‘creeping also understand that India has set a precedent encroachment’. While terrain provided a strategic of encountering them which would be followed advantage to India in dealing with China and the through in case of a repetition. Thus, a solution Indian Army played a stellar role during the evolving to the Doklam issue would be best achieved by Doklam incident, this may not always be the case holding tripartite talks across the table. in other disputed areas. Finally, diplomacy has had a positive and Therefore, the first requirement for India is to constructive role to play in finding a peaceful be ready to face similar situations in other areas in resolution. But should it ultimately fail despite best the future. A good army also needs wherewithal to efforts, our ability to encounter aggression by force defend the nation. Rapid infrastructure development as a last resort should always stay intact. in forward areas coupled with modernisation of the This underscores the need to keep our powder forces deployed for the defence of the country are dry and be prepared at all times in the future. n

IndiaSTRATEGIC 37 September 2017 Canberra, the Aircraft for Bombing and Spying n By Air Marshal Anil Chopra (Retd)

EW DELHI. The English Electric Canberra has been the workhorse of the Indian Air Force (IAF) and 1st September 2017 marked 60 years of its induction in the Indian Air Force (IAF) . The first English Electric Canberra prototype flew in May 1949 and was inducted into the Royal Air Force (RAF) in 1951. The aircraft was a successor to the de Havilland Mosquito. The requirement then was for a high- altitude jet-bomber with higher speed. Canberra also became the first jet aircraft to make a nonstop transatlantic flight. The range, speed, altitude capability and payload In 1957, it was selected by IAF to equip also made it an outstanding Photo Reconnaissance its bomber and strategic reconnaissance fleet. The (PR) platform. IAF’s PR.57s had autopilot, radio same year, Canberra established the world altitude altimeters and improved navigation kit. The record of 70,310 ft. PR.57/67 could carry up-to 7 cameras in various A total of 1,352 aircraft in 27 versions were finally arrangements. The United States Air Force (USAF) built and operated by 15 countries. They were used replaced the obsolete B-26 Invader with Canberra, primarily for tactical bombing, photographic and license building 403 of them designated as the spying through electronic reconnaissance roles. B-57. It was operationally used in the Suez crisis, the Three B-57 variants still remain in service in USA, Vietnam War, Falklands war, and Indo-Pak wars. performing meteorological work for NASA.

AIRCRAFT DESIGN FEATURES IAF’S WAR HORSE The broad wing-chord, low aspect-ratio and Indian Air Attaché to the United Kingdom Gp relatively lightly-loaded un-swept wings gave the Capt (later Air Chief Marshal and Chief of Air Staff) Canberra its exceptional handling characteristics at Hrushikesh Moolgavkar had flown the Canberra high altitudes and manoeuvrability at low altitude. It as early as 1954 as part of an evaluation team led handled much like a fighter, and as such had great by Air Commodore P C Lal (Later Air Chief Marshal agility for a bomber. Powered by two Rolls Royce and Air Chief). engines, it had a maximum speed of 470 knots (870 Gp Capt Kapil Bhargava, then a Flt Lt and a kmph), a service ceiling of 48,000 ft, and the ability trainee at ETPS (Experimental Test Pilots’ School), to carry 8,000 lb (3,600 Kg) payload. The Canberra UK, flew a Canberra T.4 trainer several times as part was a great war machine of its time. of his training. In January 1957 India ordered 54

38 IndiaSTRATEGIC September 2017

B(I)58 bombers, eight PR57 photo-reconnaissance Canberra was easy to operate and carried a crew of CANBERRAS IN aircraft, and six T4 training aircraft. An additional two, the pilot and navigator. The plane could easily THE CONGO (Clockwise from left 42 were ordered in next four years. They replaced cruise at 50,000 ft and could bomb targets with top) An IAF Canberra the B-24 Liberators of IAF and were seen as a its electronic bomb site. The IAF Canberras mostly flyies over kolweizi in Congo; A mixed preference over the much cheaper Soviet origin operated from Pune, Agra, Bareilly and Gorakhpur aircraft formation of Ilyushin IL-28. bases. Only the RAF and USAF exceeded the IAF in UN forces in Congo; An IAF Canberra No. 5 Squadron (Tuskers) at Agra was the first numbers of Canberras operated. being prepared for an Canberra squadron formed on September 1, 1957. Op mission; Mission Completed: IAF This was followed by No. 6 Squadron. MAPPING INDIA contingent before The only unit to operate PR (Photo In addition to gathering intelligence and information, leaving for India; An IAF Canberra (Reconnaissance) Canberras in the IAF was the Canberras PR.57s/PR.67s were deployed to map with a Guard at the newly raised 106 Flight (Later Squadron) which India from coast to coast and across the land, Leopoldvile airfield in Congo was formed with 5 Canberra PR.57s in 1957. IAF and the information was shared with the civilian procured a total of 107 aircraft which included authorities for geological surveys. the Photo Recce PR 57/67 and Bomber variants The only other dedicated strategic PR squadron B(I)58 and 66. was 102 Squadron with MiG-25s, which flew at No. 35 squadron was raised in Pune in August three times the speed of sound and could not be 1958 and it became the fourth unit to operate chased by any hostile missile or aircraft. this aircraft. The Squadron was re-equipped with modified Canberra B(I) 58 for dedicated EW role IAF’S CANBERRAS IN and moved to Bareilly in 1978. OPERATIONS Six Canberras of No. 5 Squadron were flown 6,000 No. 16 Squadron was the fifth Canberra unit. km away to participate in UN mission in Belgian

IndiaSTRATEGIC 39 September 2017

Congo in 1961. This was the first ever Indian the harbour. On May 21, 1999, prior to the fighter-bomber contingent to take part in UN commencement of the Kargil air war, IAF Canberra operations. The Canberras took part in all major PR57s did photographic missions near the Line of operations including the liberation of Goa in 1961, Control (LoC). One aircraft was hit by a Stinger IR the 1965 and 1971 Indo-Pak wars, 1987 Op Pawan missile that made a hole in the starboard engine, in Sri Lanka, 1988 Op Cactus in Maldives and the but the very rugged Canberra successfully returned 1999 Kargil war. to base using the other engine. On December 18, 1961, Canberras of No 16 and No. 35 Squadrons bombed the Dabolim airport LEGENDS forcing Portuguese forces to surrender. IAF used Wg Cdr Jag Mohan (Jaggi) Nath, former CO of 106 the aircraft for photo-recce missions in Ladakh in Sqn, was one of the most decorated IAF officers 1962 Sino-India war. with Maha (MVC) and bar in 1962 and Both sides used the Canberras in the Indo-Pak 1965 conflicts, respectively. wars of 1965 and 1971. Padamnabha Gautam was the youngest of the The famous Canberra raid and destruction of three brothers who joined IAF. Commissioned in the sole major radar at Badin in Sind in Pakistan in 1953. Flt. Lt. Gautam was part of No. 5 Squadron 1965 blanked the entire sector for Pakistani forces. ‘Tuskers’, when the six Canberra planes of the Another Canberra raid was launched to destroy a unit moved to Congo in October 1961 for the significant part of PAF Canberra fleet at Peshawar UN Mission. On December 5, they were tasked to but due to poor visibility the raid was not successful. attack airfields at Jadotville and Kolwezi. Gautam During the 1971 war, IAF Canberras flew a destroyed the Fouga aircraft which had been strategic mission against the Karachi Harbour Oil harassing the UN ground forces. He also shot up Storage tanks which burnt for days, and helping three Katangese planes parked on the airfield and the Indian Navy in their missile boat attack on neutralised the airport installations around them.

40 IndiaSTRATEGIC September 2017

In the 1965 War while commanding the Jet 106 Strategic Reconnaissance Squadron during Bomber Conversion Unit (JBCU), eight Canberras the 1971 Indo-Pak war. He flew many Photo led by Gautam attacked the PAF Canberra fleet Reconnaissance missions deep into enemy territory, at Peshawar. A lone Starfighter of PAF tried to unarmed and unescorted, and brought images that intercept the retreating bomber force and launched contributed to crucial Op planning. a missile at Gautam’s aircraft which exploded Immediately after the Indo-Pak war broke out next to the aircraft but without damage. All eight in December 1971, the Squadron was tasked to fly Canberras landed safely at Agra. missions to strategic Karakoram highway running Gautam undertook six more missions for from Kashgar in China to Khunjerab pass and Gilgit close support and reconnaissance deep into in Pakistan Occupied Kashmir (POK). This route enemy territory and was awarded MVC. In was being used to transfer military hardware to 1971, Gautam was commanding officer of Pakistan. A PAF Mirage III had tried to intercept the No. 16 Squadron (Black Cobras), located at Canberra over Gilgit. A high speed low level exit Gorakhpur. His unit was tasked to strike airfields saved the aircraft. at Tezgaon, Kurmutola, Jessore and Chittagong A large contingent of T-59 tanks of the in East Pakistan with occasional missions into Pakistan Army had crossed the international West Pakistan. Gautam divided the unit into two border into India and was advancing towards groups – one each for East and West. Gautam the now legendary Longewala in the Rajasthan led attacks on Mianwali airfield. sector. Benegal was tasked to fly a PR Canberra He was awarded Bar to MVC. Unfortunately, he into Pakistan to photograph all enemy tank died in a MiG-21 accident due to engine flameout reinforcements. The Hunters provided air cover in on November 25,1972 while taking off from the battle area and escorted the PR mission. The Lohegaon Air Force Base at Pune. iconic photographs showing numerous tank tracks Wg Cdr RS Benegal was commanding the crisscrossing the desert sand near Longewala, are part of the folklore. On December 10, 1971, he flew a grueling long mission to Gwadar bay to recce incoming Iranian Oil tankers. The Squadron also carried out PR missions for the Tangail para drop, and the Cox’s Bazaar airfield and Chittagong Harbour in the then East Pakistan for the Indian Navy. (It may be recalled that this paradrop of some 550 soldiers by helicopters and a chance precision hit on the conference table of the Governor General by an IAF …….. helped in securing surrender of more than 93,000 Pakistani soldiers there. The surrender ended the war and led to the creation of Bangladesh as an independent nation). Benegal was awarded MVC. No 106 Squadron received 1 Maha Vir Chakra, 4 Vir Chakras and 4 Vayu Sena Medals, during the war. (Clockwise from left top) Wg Cdr RS Bengal During the 1965 Indo-Pak War, Canberras of 35 being conferred with Squadron based at Halwara flew 69 operational MVC by President VV Giri, 1972; Benegal’s missions against Kasur and Sargodha. Wg Cdr KK famous photograph Badhwar won a Vir Chakra for the Karachi raid. of the tracks made by furiously manoeuvring The Squadron earned five Vir Chakras among many Pak Patten Tanks in the other awards. sands of Longewala; Wg Cdr JM (Jaggi) Nath The Canberra fleet has indeed flown some of the with his crew atop most daring unescorted missions deep into enemy his PR Canberra; A Canberra aircraft on its territory day and night. The IAF has been very proud final perch at the IAF of the services rendered by this War Horse. Museum in Palam, New Delhi; An aerial view of After 50 years of glorious service, IAF bid adieu Dhaka, taken by an IAF to the Great War horse on May 11, 2007 at the Canberra during the Bangladesh Liberation Agra air base. n War

IndiaSTRATEGIC 41 September 2017 Upgraded Passenger Terminal Building of Jammu Airport Inaugurated

EW DELHI. The upgraded passenger terminal building of Jammu Airport was inaugurated August 17 by MrN P Ashok Gajapathi Raju, Union Minister for Civil Aviation and Ms. Mehbooba Mufti, Chief Minister of Jammu & Kashmir. Speaking on the occasion, Mr Raju, said, “We believe in augmenting infrastructure of our airports to enhance connectivity. With the upgraded Jammu Airport, we would be better prepared to give improved services to air travellers visiting this city of temples.” Appreciating the upgraded terminal building of Jammu Airport, Ms. Mehbooba Mufti, said, “We have been witnessing promising growth in

42 IndiaSTRATEGIC September 2017

Upgraded Passenger Terminal Building Gulfstream G280 Surpasses 100,000 Flight Hours number of air travellers to and from Jammu. The upgraded terminal of Jammu Airport is in line to enhance capacity and will contribute to the economic growth of Jammu – the gateway to the State.” Jammu Airport belongs to the Indian Air Force (IAF), and Airports Authority of India (AAI) maintains a Civil Enclave for civil aircraft operations. During the year 2016- 17, passenger traffic movement at Jammu airport reached 1.16 million and the passenger growth rate has touched 29 per cent in the first quarter of 2017-18. To cope with the increasing passenger growth and demand, the existing terminal building of Jammu Airport has been expanded and upgraded. The area AVANNAH, GEORGIA. Gulfstream Aerospace of the terminal building has been Corporation announced August 23 that its worldwide expanded from 6,700 sq m to 14,500 fleet of G280 aircraft recently eclipsed 100,000 flight sq m with an upgraded peak hour hours, a milestone achieved less than five years after the handling capacity of 720 passengers Sfirst model entered service. at a time, from the earlier 360 peak “The G280 continues to reinforce its status as the premier hour passengers. super mid-size aircraft in business aviation,” said Dan Nale, senior The upgraded passenger terminal vice president, Programmes, Engineering and Test, Gulfstream. building of Jammu Airport is a “It has a class-leading combination of range, fuel efficiency and glass and steel structure and is field performance and the technology typically found on a larger equipped with passenger facilities business jet. and amenities like CUTE-complied “The G280 also offers customers the ability to fly in and out of check-in counters, Common Use challenging airports such as London City, Lugano and Samedan/St. Self-Service (CUSS) kiosk for Check-in, Moritz in Europe. This aircraft continues to grow in popularity, and central air-conditioning, two arrival our customers will continue to benefit from its performance and conveyer belts, escalators and glass features for years to come.” elevators, Flight Information Display Since entering service in November 2012, the G280 has been able System, PA system with comfortable to continuously improve its dispatch reliability to a market segment- seating capacity. leading level. Through July 2017, the fleet of more than 115 aircraft The terminal building is also has achieved a dispatch reliability rate of 99.90 percent. equipped with Fire Fighting and With a range of 3,600 nautical miles/6,667 kilometers at Mach Fire Alarm System, CCTV and 0.80, the G280 can fly eight hours nonstop, connecting New York Baggage Scanners etc. There is a with Paris, Chicago with London, or London with Dubai. Its list of provision for installation of three city-pair speed records includes a 7-hour, 40-minute flight from Passenger Boarding Bridges with Paris to New York. Advanced Visual Docking Guidance Two powerful Honeywell HTF7250G engines propel the G280 System (AVDGS) for the Terminal to an initial cruise altitude of 43,000 feet/13,106 meters in which would increase operational approximately 20 minutes and feature reduced emissions, longer efficiency besides convenience to maintenance intervals and decreased noise levels. passengers. n

IndiaSTRATEGIC 43 September 2017

Bidding Process for the Second Round Under Regional Connectivity Scheme – UDAN Launched

Union Minister for Civil Aviation Ashok Gajapathi Raju Pusapati briefing the media on the second round of bidding under RCS-Udan in New Delhi. Minister of State for Civil Aviation Jayant Sinha and the Secretary, Ministry of Civil Aviation RN Choubey are also seen

EW DELHI. The Minister of Civil Aviation on 15th June 2016. more flexibility to Selected Airline of Civil Aviation P Ashok UDAN was launched in October, Operators (SAO), the maximum Gajapathi Raju launched 2016 with the prime objective number of flights with VGF have the process for bidding for to facilitate/stimulate regional air been increased to 14 for Priority theN second round of the Regional connectivity by making it affordable Areas. Further, the SAOs can anytime Connectivity Scheme (RCS) – UDAN, for the masses. After the 1st Round increase the number of flights on August 24. Mr Raju said that the of successful bidding the Ministry RCS Routes to any number. Also, thrust in the second round will launched the 2nd Round minimum performance specifications be on improving connectivity to Among the important changes will no longer be applicable on Non- priority areas like the North East, that are being effected, routes with RCS Routes. Jammu & Kashmir, Uttarakhand, stage length less than 150 Km will Helicopter operations under the Himachal Pradesh, Andaman & now be permitted for operations Scheme are limited to Priority Areas Nicobar Islands and Lakshdweep as RCS Routes through fixed wing only. To encourage this, the VGF by introducing more operational aircraft. This is aimed at providing (Viability Gap Funding) Caps for flexibility and promoting helicopter enhanced connectivity and to ease helicopters has been increased operations. The Minister informed the formation of networks under and 10 per cent of the estimated that the changes in the second the Scheme. While exclusivity of annual inflows in the RCF (Regional round of UDAN had been brought operations will continue to be Connectivity Fund) will be earmarked in after extensive consultations applicable for a period of 3 years, for helicopter operations. Further, all with stakeholders over the last four Selected Airline Operators (SAO) can 13 passenger seats for helicopters months. issue No-Objection Certificate (NOC) will be considered as RCS Seats and The Regional Connectivity Scheme to other airline operators willing to VGF will be provided accordingly. UDAN is a key component of the operate on the respective RCS Route The methodology for computing National Civil Aviation Policy (NCAP) .This will ensure there is no supply flight duration for helicopters which was released by the Ministry constraint on RCS Routes. To provide has also been revised, based on

44 IndiaSTRATEGIC September 2017

Bidding Process for the Second Round Under Regional Cathay Pacific Group Signs MOU for 32 A321neo Aircraft ATHAY PACIFIC Group has signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU)C with Airbus for 32 A321neo single-aisle aircraft. The aircraft will be operated by Cathay Dragon, the regional carrier of the Group, on services linking its Hong Kong home base with destinations across Asia. The new A321neo aircraft will replace and modernise Cathay Dragon’s current in- service fleet of 15 A320s and eight A321s, with the additional aircraft allowing the airline to capture growth opportunities in the region. The Cathay Dragon network currently covers 56 Asian destinations, including 28 in mainland China. Cathay Pacific Chief Executive Officer and Cathay Dragon Chairman Rupert Hogg said: “The Airbus fleet has been serving Cathay Dragon well over the decades. With the A321neo we expect to benefit from a very significant increase in operating efficiency, while increasing capacity in the Cathay Dragon network in order to expand our reach to more customers.” He added: “The intention to purchase these 32 environmentally-friendly aircraft will allow us to add new destinations to Cathay Dragon’s network, increase the recommendations of Expert frequency on some of our most popular routes and expand our network in the Committee. region in order to provide more travel choices and convenience to our customers.” Speaking on the occasion MoS Mr John Leahy, Airbus Chief Operating Officer, Customers said: “Airbus is proud Jayant Sinha said that the first round to have been selected to supply Cathay Dragon’s future single-aisle fleet. This of UDAN has been very successful. is another major endorsement of the A321neo as the aircraft of choice in the Private airlines have placed orders middle-of-the-market segment.” for a large number of aircraft for “The A321neo offers the lowest operating costs, longest range capability and flying on RCS routes. A total of 29 most spacious cabin in its class. It will be the perfect aircraft for Cathay Dragon unserved/underserved airports will as it builds on its success as one of Asia’s leading regional carriers.” be connected under the first round Cathay Dragon is an all Airbus operator, with a current fleet of 23 A320 of the Regional Connectivity Scheme Family aircraft and 24 widebody A330-300s. In addition, Cathay Pacific operates – UDAN by September end this year. 37 A330-300s, making the Group the largest A330 operator in the Asia-Pacific This includes eight airports that region. Cathay Pacific also operates the all-new long haul A350 XWB, with 17 have already been connected and A350-900s already in service. The carrier has another 31 A350 XWBs on order for 21 airports soon to be connected. future delivery, including the A350-900 and larger A350-1000. The A321 is the The remaining 14 airports out of largest member of the A320 Family and seats up to 240 passengers, depending the 43 unserved / underserved on cabin configuration. Incorporating the latest engines, aerodynamic advances airports that were to be connected and cabin innovations, the A321neo offers a reduction in fuel consumption of up under the first round, are under to 20 per cent per seat and can fly up to 4,000 nautical miles (7,400 kilometres) process of upgradation. Shri Sinha non-stop – further than any other single-aisle airliner. The A320 Family is the further said that with its thrust on world’s best-selling single-aisle product line and comprises four models (A318, connecting Priority Areas and its A319, A320, A321) seating from 100 to 240 seats. To date, the Family has won newly introduced flexibility features, over 13,200 orders and more than 7,700 aircraft have been delivered to some the second round of UDAN will be an 400 customers and operators worldwide.. n improvement over the first round. n

IndiaSTRATEGIC 45 September 2017

Qatar Airways’ Inaugural Flight Lands At Václav Havel Airport Prague

OHA, QATAR. Qatar Airways’ first non-stop flight from Doha landed August 21at Václav Havel AirportD Prague, inaugurating the airline’s first-ever passenger service to the Czech Republic. His Excellency Mr Akbar Al Baker travelled on board the inaugural flight with the Czech Republic’s Ambassador to Qatar, H.E. Mr Martin Vítek, Prague, widely recognised as one of the world’s most beautiful cities, is known for its striking medieval architecture and old- world ambiance. This picturesque Bohemian city offers visitors a wealth of choice of activities, from walking the cobbled streets of the old city to enjoying Prague’s rich tradition of café culture. H.E. Mr Akbar Al Baker said: business and leisure travellers, “We are delighted to launch providing our passengers the daily service to Prague, a long- opportunity to experience the anticipated addition to our global unique beauty of the city. The route network. This exquisite launch of this new service comes European city will be an extremely at a time when we are expanding popular destination for both our presence in Eastern Europe, as part of our efforts to extend our reach globally. We are tremendously excited to be able to provide passengers the opportunity to visit this magnificent city.” Qatar Airways will operate its daily Prague service with an Airbus A320 aircraft, which features 12 seats in Business Class and 120 seats in Economy Class. Qatar Airways will be adding many more exciting destinations to its network in 2017 and 2018, including Abidjan, Ivory Coast; Accra, Ghana; Canberra, Australia; Chiang Mai, Thailand; Utapao, Thailand; Chittagong, Bangladesh; and Mombasa, Kenya, to name a few.

46 IndiaSTRATEGIC September 2017

Boeing, Japan Investment Adviser Finalize Order for 10 737 MAX 8 Airplanes EATTLE, USA. Boeing and Tokyo-based Japan Investment Adviser Co., Ltd., (JIA finalised an order for 10 Boeing 737 MAX 8S airplanes, valued at $1.12 billion at current list prices in Seattle August 25. The order was previously announced as a commitment at the 2017 Paris Air Show in June. The new 737 MAX 8s are the first our future airline clients with reliable important role in the growth of JIA as directly purchased airplanes for JIA and airplanes that make sense economically.” a key player in the commercial leasing will help bolster the lessor’s growing fleet JIA is an innovative Financial Solutions business within Asia,” said Ihssane of next-generation aircraft. Provider, and is listed on the Tokyo Stock Mounir, senior vice president of Global “We are excited to introduce the new Exchange. Its Group activities include Sales and Marketing, Boeing Commercial 737 MAX 8 airplane into our single-aisle operating a lease business that manages Airplanes. “JIA has made the perfect fleet and we are confident that this a fleet of around 60 aircraft worldwide selection for their new fleet strategy, as airplane will diversify our operating lease through its operating lease arm, JP Lease the 737 MAX provides operators with portfolio in the years ahead,” said Naoto Products & Services (JLPS). The current market-leading economics and reliability. Shiraiwa, president and CEO of JIA. “The managed fleet includes Next Generation We are proud to share this milestone 737 MAX will provide us with a stronger Boeing 737s as well as Boeing 777s. with JIA as we continue to strengthen competitive advantage in providing “We are honoured to play an our partnership going forward.”

Qatar Airways’ New Interline Partnership Takes Off With Vistara OHA, QATAR. Qatar Airways entered into a new interline partnership August 22 with growing, full-service Indian airlineD Vistara, as the Qatari national carrier marks more than 20 successful years of flights to India. The new interline agreement taking effect from the same day will allow Qatar Airways’ passengers to travel seamlessly to and from a wide range of cities within India across Vistara’s network, via Qatar Airways’ existing 13 Indian gateways and under a single ticket with QR’s generous baggage allowance offer a seamless flying experience and flights operated by a fleet of 15 Airbus throughout the journey. Qatar Airways international luggage allowance to our A320 aircraft, having flown more than Group Chief Executive, His Excellency joint customers from various cities in five million passengers. Vistara is the Mr. Akbar Al Baker, said: “This exciting India to and from over 150 destinations first and only airline in India to introduce new partnership with Vistara will bring across the world on a single ticket. Qatar Premium Economy class on domestic enhanced connectivity and increased Airways’ customers will also now be able routes. Qatar Airways operates services convenience to our passengers travelling to experience ‘the new feeling’ with from Doha to the Indian cities of New within India on an expanding full-service Vistara and enjoy the finest hospitality in Delhi, Kochi, Ahmedabad, Amritsar, premium carrier. Indian skies on their domestic connecting Bengaluru, Mumbai, Kozikode, Kolkata, Vistara’s Chief Executive Officer, Mr flights.” Goa, Hyderabad, Chennai, Nagpur and Phee Teik Yeoh, said: “We are delighted In a short span of less than three years, Thiruvananthapuram, demonstrating to launch our interline partnership with Vistara has expanded its network to 19 Qatar Airways’ growing presence and Qatar Airways, through which we will destinations with more than 625 weekly commitment to the Indian market.

IndiaSTRATEGIC 47 September 2017 flyadeal Becomes Latest A320 Operator

AMBURG, GERMANY. ‘Flyadeal’, the newly established low fare airline in the Kingdom of Saudi HArabia (KSA), has taken delivery of its first aircraft and the first of eight Airbus A320ceo aircraft, becoming the newest operator of the Airbus A320 Family. Announced in 2016, flyadeal will commence operations on September 23, 2017, on the national day of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, serving domestic markets initially before expanding into regional markets. Powered by CFM engines, the fleet will perfectly match the operational objectives and demands of the new airline. With 186 seats in a single-class configuration, flyadeal’s A320 features holders. Chairman of flyadeal, H.E. Mr and tourism are key pillars. The launch the latest Recaro 18” wide economy Saleh Al Jasser said: “Saudi Arabia has of flyadeal is core to the strategy to class seats providing unmatched launched its Vision 2030; a strategic mobilise further the country and the comfort, and equipped with USB platform for the future development region”. power outlets and personal device of the Kingdom where transportation CEO of flyadeal, Con Korfiatis Airbus Delivers first US-produced A320 to Spirit Airlines LABAMA, USA. T he first delivery of an A320 aircraft from the Airbus US Manufacturing Facility Ahas taken place in Mobile, Alabama, USA. The aircraft, delivered to Spirit Airlines, is the 37th overall delivery from the US facility since production began in July 2015. The previous 36 aircraft were A321 aircraft, making this delivery another important milestone for Airbus. Executives from Airbus and Spirit Airlines were on hand for the occasion. Bob Lekites, Executive Vice President-Customers, Airbus Americas said: “Airbus has reached another milestone in Mobile— delivery of the first A320 to be

48 IndiaSTRATEGIC September 2017 flyadeal Becomes Latest A320 Operator Lotus Aviation ties

said: “flyadeal will be Saudi Arabia’s with AEC to Maintain newest airline, providing a unique experience with an optimal fleet to serve our domestic and regional Russian Aircraft markets. The Airbus A320 has been distinctly selected for the needs of our operation, and we look forward to passengers experiencing flyadeal’s onboard service.” The A320 Family is the world’s best- selling single aisle product line and the preferred choice among legacy carriers, traditional airlines, representing the aircraft of choice within the LCC market. To date, the Family has won over 13,200 orders and more than 7,700 aircraft have been delivered to some 400 customers and operators worldwide. With one aircraft in four sizes (A318, A319, A320 and A321), the A320 Family seats from EW DELHI. India’s private sector Lotus Aviation Technology 100 to 240 passengers. The Family (LAT) has signed an agreement with the Russian Aerospace features the widest cabin in the single Equipment Company (AEC) for maintaining and servicing Su aisle market with 18” wide seats in 30MKI aircraft and Russian origin helicopters in India. Economy as standard. NAccording to a company press statement issued here, the agreement was signed in Moscow on August 24 in the presence of Russian Deputy Minister fpr Trade and Economic Affairs ON Ryazancev and Secretary Defence Production in the Ministry of Defence AK Gupta as well as Indian Ambassador in Moscow Pankaj Saran. Airbus Delivers first US-produced A320 to Spirit Airlines Lotus was represented by its Managing Director Ashok Sharma and produced in the United States. AEC by its General Director Konstantin A Bocharo. Without a doubt, the A320 Family of According to the agreement, the two companies will “work together aircraft meets the needs of our North for the Maintenance, Repair Modernisation, and Partial Manufacturing American airline customers, and the of components of Su 30 MKI aircraft and the Russian origin helicopters” 36 A321s already delivered from the in service with Indian forces. US have an extra special meaning for The agreement is in line with the Government’s Make in India those airlines and their passengers. programme, and Mr Gupta was in Moscow to follow up on the India We’re pleased to celebrating this Russia Forum set up by Russian President Vladimir Putin and Prime Minister milestone with a great partner--Spirit Narendra Modi in Moscow in 2015 for cooperation between the two Airlines.” countries. Airbus announced its commitment The agreement between Lotus and AEC is the first successful venture to build a single-aisle assembly line signed under the Forum programme, the statement said. in Mobile, Alabama in July 2012, and Lotus Aviation is a New Delhi-based company engaged in Manufacturing, broke ground for the $600 million Supply and Servicing (including AMC) of Avionics, Radio Equipment, facility in April 2013. The ceremonial Aircraft Spares and Special Test Instruments etc. in defence requirements, inauguration of the plant took including for Defence public sector companies (DPSUs). AEC is a part of place in September 2015. Airbus the KRET-Group, one of the largest Russian companies in manufacturing anticipates delivering four aircraft and supply of Airborne Avionics for Military and Civil aviation, EW systems, per month from the Mobile plant by and other high-tech products. the end of this year.

IndiaSTRATEGIC 49 September 2017

Besides this, preference has been accorded to ‘Buy (Indian) and ‘Buy & Make (Indian)’ categories of capital acquisition over ‘Buy From the Parliament (Global)’ and ‘Buy & Make (Global)’ categories. The ‘Make’ Procedure has been simplified with provisions for funding of 90 per cent of development cost by the Make in India Government to Indian industry and reserving projects not exceeding development cost of Rs 10 Crore (Government funded) and Rs. 3 Crore (Industry funded) for MSMEs. Initiative l Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) Policy has been revised. FDI up to 49 per cent is allowed OVERNMENT HAS taken various steps through automatic route and beyond 49 to encourage indigenisation and self- per cent under Government approval route reliance in defence. Under ‘Make in wherever it is likely to result in access to India’ initiative, Government has taken modern technology or for other reasons to following initiatives:- be recorded. lG A new Defence Procurement Procedure (DPP), 2016 l Indian licensing regime for Indian has been promulgated by the Government effective manufacturers has been liberalised and most April 1, 2016 whereby a new category of procurement of the components/parts/sub-systems have ‘Buy {Indian-IDDM (Indigenously Designed, Developed been taken out from the list of Defence and Manufactured)}’ which has been accorded top– products requiring industrial license which has most priority for procurement of Capital equipment. resulted in reduction in the entry barriers for

50 IndiaSTRATEGIC September 2017

also been addressed. These include Exchange Rate Variation (ERV) protection for Indian vendors. l Offset guidelines have been made flexible by allowing change of Indian Offset Partners (IOPs) and Offset components even in signed contracts. Foreign Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) are now not required to indicate the details of IOPs and products at the time of signing of contracts. ‘Services’ as an avenue of offset have been re-instated. l In HAL, an R&D Corpus of 10 per cent of the operational profit after tax is earmarked for R&D activities both in-house and with private vendors. l Strategic partnership model has been formulated by the Government in May, 2017 to focus on substitution of imported spares, ensure greater self-reliance and dependability of supplies, essential to meet national security objectives. l Certain components of some of the defence equipment of Russian origin have been identified and published on the web for identifying Indian private sector companies for indigenous manufacture under Joint Ventures/Transfer of Technology agreements with Russian OEMs. Rifle Factory Ishapore (RFI) has successfully This information was given by Minister of State for developed Rifle 5.56 Defence Dr Subhash Bhamre in Lok Sabha during the x 45mm Excalibur in association with Monsoon Session of Parliament. Army; RFI-developed ghatak assault riffile (7.62x39mm) has been cleared by paramilitary ASSAULT RIFLES forces Rifle Factory Ishapore (RFI) successfully developed Rifle 5.56 x 45mm Excalibur in association with Army. The Gun has been tried by the Indian Army and Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA). RFI has already supplied around 20,000 Excalibur Rifles to various Police Forces. The design of 5.56 x 45mm Assault Rifle Excalibur is established and proven. Ordnance Factory Board (OFB) has indigenously developed 7.62 x 39mm Assault Rifle (Ghaatak) for MHA Units and Police Forces. After elaborate evaluation, State and Central Police Forces have placed order of around 5,000 rifles out of which OFB has already supplied 1,230. The Indian Army and Indian Navy will be evaluating the weapon. RFI had developed 5.56 x 45mm INSAS 1C Assault Rifle in the year 2015-16. The Rifle was extensively evaluated by Army and was able to achieve reliability of international standards. new entrants in this sector particularly SMEs. However, in August, 2016, Army changed the calibre The initial validity of industrial license has of the Assault Rifle from 5.56 x 45mm to 7.62 x 51mm. been increased from 3 years to 15 years with As a result of this change of calibre, the indigenous a provision to further extend it by 3 years on Assault Rifle of 5.56 x 45mm Calibre could not be a case to case basis. inducted in Army. l Issues related to level playing field between This information was given by Minister of State for Indian and foreign manufacturers and Defence Dr Subhash Bhamre in Lok Sabha during the between Public sector & Private sector have Monsoon Session of Parliament. n

IndiaSTRATEGIC 51 INDUSTRY September 2017

Elbit Systems spear Mk 2 Motar Systems mounted on a light 4x4 vehicle Elbit Systems at DSEI-2017

IP radios including MCTR- 7200, PNR- 1000 lightweight personal network radio, the HF-8000 multi-adaptive HF radio systems for continuous long- range communications, and GRX-8000 ECCM high capacity frequency-hopping radio relay system.

Mounted Fires Asset. A light 4X4 vehicle equipped with SPEAR MK2 Elbit Systems’ computerised and fully autonomous soft recoil 120mm mortar system, GPS and laser guided 120mm mortar, battle- proven high-performance Enhanced Tactical Computer (ETC), SmarTMR the advanced routing and central computing unit, ELSAT 2100 the tactical satellite solution for on-the- move beyond line-of- sight communication, EW DELHI. At Defence l Dismounted Situational and Elbit Systems’ Laser Warning & Security Equipment Awareness (DSA): Soldiers System (E-LAWS) and Threat Detection International (DSEI) 2017, at fully equipped with DOMINATOR™ System (TDS). ExCel in London, September the company’s well tested infantry N12-15, Elbit Systems will showcase a set modern soldier suite comprised of HEAD MOUNTED DISPLAYS of market leading technology solutions in- house hardware components and IronVision Visitors will be able to try designed to meet the challenges of battlefield applications integrated on Elbit Systems’ innovative Helmet- tomorrow’s battlefield. with advanced Load. Mounted Displays (HMDs) for Tanks and Armoured Vehicles. By applying Elbit SENSOR TO SHOOTER: A CARRIAGE SYSTEM Systems’ globally acclaimed head-up, demonstration of networked l C5I2SR layer: Demonstrating eyes-out aerial technology to the closed Digital Fires components: Combat NG the latest generation of hatched armored vehicle environment, Visitors to the Company’s booth Elbit Systems’ combat proven C4ISR IronVision generates an image that will experience a demonstration of system for field artillery and TORC2H enables the crew to see through their a cutting edge, field proven digital System the operational command armoured vehicles, helping them fires solution. A scenario comprising & control application. All running overcome inherent visibility limitations, of dismounted force, mounted and on advanced military grade End User while improving mission efficiency HQ units, will demonstrate an agile Devices (EUDs): RAPTOR™, ETC™ and and safety. Advanced sensors transmit approach to overcome battlefield SMARTVIEW. real-time, zero latency, high-resolution challenges including complex terrain, video to the HMDs, providing the crew short life time targets, adverse visibility l Radio & Communication with a natural, conformal view of the conditions, mixed population and force Systems: A complete package of vehicle surroundings. Pre-loaded terrain safety. The solution will be presented Software Defined Radio (SDR) systems and obstacle information, combined through a number of equipment enabling robust communication across with smart, intuitive symbology, provide capabilities consisting of the following all units and echelons, comprising of a unified, intuitive image of the world major components:- E-LynX family of multi-waveform tactical outside, relieving the crew of the

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mental load of having to interpret data from multiple sources, while improving situational awareness. Brightnite system enables intuitive head-up, eyes-out orientation flight in extreme low visibility conditions. This system is a multi-spectral end-to- end panoramic piloting solution that fuses multiple day and night cameras into one clear intuitive piloting picture regardless of outer light conditions and delivers the landscape scenery directly to both eyes of the pilot, including 2D flight symbology, 3D mission symbology and Elbit Systems’ unique brownout symbology.

UNMANNED SYSTEMS Skylark 3. A tactical mini-UAS optimised for either dismounted or vehicle-based operation, delivering organic airborne Intelligence, Surveillance, Target Acquisition and missions (40km Line Of Sight), as (Above) Elbit Systems Modern Soldier Suite; (Below) Seagull Unmanned Surface Reconnaissance (ISTAR) capabilities well as civil applications including Vessel (USV) System to the division, brigade and perimeter security, border and coastal battalion levels (100km Line of Sight) surveillance, anti-terror and a variety of enabling force, convoy and strategic law enforcement missions. infrastructure protection. Skylark 3 ReDrone is an advanced anti-drone enables performance of ongoing protection system designed to detect, covert operations, providing real-time identify, track and neutralise different intelligence day and night. types of drones in a designated It can also deal with several drones airspace. The system is capable of simultaneously. After detecting a Skylark I-LEX. A man-portable pinpointing both the drone and its target, the ReDrone system disrupts fully operational electric propelled operator’s directions. The advanced the drone’s communication with its UAS best suited for organic “beyond detection system provides 360-degree operator, blocks its radio and video the next hill” reconnaissance, counter perimeter protection and complete, up- signals and GPS positioning data, and insurgency and force protection to- the-minute situational awareness. sends it off track, preventing it from carrying out an attack.

Seagull is an Unmanned Surface Vessel (USV) system. Seagull is equipped to perform versatile missions with modular payloads such as dipping sonar and torpedoes to detect and engage submarines, towed side scan sonar/SAS and mine identification and neutralisation payloads. Seagull is also designed to carry out unmanned maritime missions such as protection of critical sea areas, electronic warfare, hydrographical survey missions and more. Seagull has performed successful demonstrations charting both familiar and unfamiliar territory in extreme sailing conditions.

IndiaSTRATEGIC 53 INDUSTRY September 2017

ELECTRONIC WARFARE realistic arena visualisation to the (EW) SYSTEMS operator. Laser warning, COMINT, ship Elbit Systems offers a wide range self-defence and task group- defence of technologically superior and forged to a complete EW image are operationally proven EW solutions for presented and reported in the most Naval, Land and Aerial environments effective way to the ship , that include:- also to be used by other combat AQUA MARINE is a family of combat- systems on board the ship. These proven digital, modular naval EW suites systems are based on extensive field for first and second line naval platforms experience of over four decades of operating in littoral and blue waters success with customers worldwide. environments. AQUA MARINE provides PAWS Family is a combat proven today’s naval fleet with situational cross-platform family of Infra-Red (IR) awareness capabilities, comprehensive Passive Airborne Warning Systems. A frequency coverage, high intercept comprehensive self-protection solution, probability, innovative signal processing (Above) C-MUSIC DIRCM pod installed on PAWS provides effective protection for Boeing 707 tanker of the Israeli Air Force and advanced jamming technologies. (Below) Elbit’s IronVision System for 360 all airborne platform-types against the Modern algorithms, involving Artificial degree awareness; Elbit Systems I-LEX most challenging modern and future Intelligence (AI), are used to generate man-portable electric-propelled UAS threats. It detects tracks and identifies incoming missiles, alerts and initiates timely flare dispensing and precisely cues DIRCM towards an approaching missile. PAWS is installed in a distributed configuration over the aircraft's skin, in a dedicated pod/bay, or in a pylon, and operates either as a stand- alone, self-contained system, or as part of a complete EW suite. Air Keeper is a unified airborne intelligence and EA solution for mission aircraft. Air Keeper seamlessly integrates a wide range of intelligence gathering and EW capabilities, enabling powerful control over the electromagnetic spectrum. Combining operational elements – ESM/ELINT, Electronic Countermeasures (ECM), COMINT, Communications Jamming (COMJAM), and Command & Control (C2) – all operated and managed by a single entity onboard a platform, it provides mission with a complete, real-time, electronic picture of the arena, while targeting communications, radar and other assets to reduce the effectiveness of enemy radar and communications systems. It allows conversion of any existing cargo, transport, or passenger aircraft into a strategic and tactical special mission (such as intelligence gathering and EA) aircraft, and can be integrated with existing self-protection solutions onboard the platform. n

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INDUSTRY September 2017

World-first Refurbishment of Black Hawk Helicopters for Firefighting and Disaster Relief in Australia RISBANE, AUSTRALIA. In a ground-breaking new deal, Kaan Air Australia, Sikorsky, a Lockheed Martin company andB StarFlight Australia, have signed an agreement worth up to $63 million to bring 10 Sikorsky UH-60 Black Hawk helicopters into Australia, with options for an additional 10 aircraft. In a world-first refurbishment programme to be undertaken in Brisbane, the agreement will see the purchase of 10 ex-US military Black Hawks, to be imported into Australia early next year. The Black Hawks will be brought up to ‘as new’ condition and repurposed specifically for (from left to right): StarFlight and Kaan Air Australia CEO, John Skeen; Sikorsky Australia aerial firebombing operations during General Manager, Andrew Rushbrook; KAAN Air Australia Chairman, Ferda Yildiz; Lockheed future bushfire seasons around Martin Rotary and Mission Systems Australia Director, Neale Prescott; and Rob Borbidge, Australia and New Zealand and for Chairman, LifeFlight Australia commemorating signing of the deal year-round emergency services and disaster relief work. The aircraft will new agreement and said the deal relief helicopter industry in Australia, be refurbished and maintained in would assist emergency services particularly in terms of efficient rotary Brisbane by Sikorsky. This initiative in filling a significant gap within wing attack to reduce loss of life and sees Kaan Air Australia and StarFlight Australia’s firefighting and disaster property during bushfire events,” Australia partner to usher in a new relief resources. said Skeen. era in Australian emergency services “This is a game-changer for The initial 10 Black Hawk and disaster relief aviation. aviation in Australia. The purchase helicopters have been hand-picked John Skeen, chief executive of 10 plus 10 optioned Black Hawks by Sikorsky for their suitability in officer of Kaan Air Australia and represents a significant milestone aerial firebombing and external StarFlight Australia, welcomed the for the firebombing and disaster heavy load lifting ability, and will be made available by StarFlight to assist emergency services and fire agencies in bushfires and natural disasters across the country. StarFlight Australia will be the operator of the aircraft. The Black Hawks will undergo three months of extensive refurbishment, including new high performance engines, upgraded gear boxes, installation of Helicopter Terrain Awareness and Warning System (HTAWS) and a general overhaul which will be Sikorsky UH-60 Black carried out by Sikorsky at its Pinkenba Hawk Helicopter facility in Brisbane. n

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Honeywell and JAC Boost Engine Support through Local Service Centre OLLE, SWITZERLAND. Honeywell has signed a license agreement with Jordanian Aeronautical RSystems Company (JAC) to provide support services for Honeywell’s T53 series of engines. The turboshaft engine is best known for powering some of the world’s most iconic helicopters for over 50 years, including the Bell UH-1H Huey, Huey II and AH-1H Cobra, with a total of more than 62 million flight hours. As the first dedicated T53

engine service centre in the Middle JAC service centre is a wholly owned East and Africa region, Jordanian subsidiary of the Royal Jordanian Aeronautical Systems Company Air Force (RJAF) and this agreement (JAC) will provide both military and builds on Honeywell’s long-term commercial operators with localised relationship to provide support on repair and maintenance options. The multiple RJAF aircraft. n MQ-9B SkyGuardian Completes FAA Approved Flight AN DIEGO. On August 16, General Atomics Aeronautical Systems flew a MQ-9B SkyGuardian RemotelyS Piloted Aircraft (RPA) from Laguna Airfield at Yuma Proving Grounds, Ariz., through National Airspace, to its Gray Butte Flight Operations facility near Palmdale, Calif. The MQ-9B is a STANAG 4671 (NATO airworthiness standard UAS,” said Linden Blue, CEO, GA- MQ-9B PROTECTOR programme. A for Unmanned Aircraft Systems)- ASI. “MQ-9B SkyGuardian will be maritime patrol variant, SeaGuardian, compliant version of the Predator® the first RPA system of its kind with is designed to support open-ocean B product line. The 275 mile trip a design-assurance level compliant and littoral surface surveillance. All lasted approximately one hour, 45 with international type-certification variants are designed to fly in excess minutes and required FAA approval standards, and can therefore be of 35 hours with airspeeds up to to fly through various classes of non- integrated more easily than legacy 210 knots, and to reach altitudes of restricted airspace. RPAs into civil airspace operations more than 40,000 feet. Qualification “This flight is another milestone in around the world.” testing for type-certification will our progression towards delivering A weaponised variant of the continue over the next two years, an RPA system that meets NATO system is being acquired by the with deliveries to the RAF expected airworthiness requirements for UK Royal Air Force (RAF) under the to begin early next decade. n

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INDUSTRY September 2017 Lockheed Martin Invests $350 Million in State-of- the-Art Satellite Production Facility ENVER, US. Preliminary construction is underway on Da new, $350 million Lockheed Martin facility that will produce next- generation satellites. The new facility, located on the company's Waterton Canyon campus near Denver, is the latest step in an ongoing transformation, infused with innovation to provide future missions at reduced cost and cycle time. The new Gateway Centre, slated for completion in 2020, includes a state- of-the-art high bay clean room capable of simultaneously building a spectrum of satellites from micro to macro. The facility's paperless, digitally-enabled production environment incorporates rapidly-reconfigurable production lines and advanced test capability. It includes and communications systems, and security missions. an expansive thermal vacuum chamber an advanced test operations and "This is our factory of the future: to simulate the harsh environment analysis center. The Gateway Centre agile, efficient and packed with of space, an anechoic chamber for will be certified to security standards innovations. We'll be able to build highly perceptive testing of sensors required to support vital national satellites that communicate with front- Airbus Foundation Brings Youth Development Progr amme to Africa oulouse, France. The Airbus Foundation together with its partner The Little Engineer is rolling out the Airbus Little Engineer (ALE) roboticsT programme in Africa. The initiative aims at training thousands of students between 10 and 16 years old in the fields of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM). The goal is to encourage students to understand and embrace technology and ignite a passion that could grow into an exciting STEM career. Africa has the fastest-growing and most youthful population in the world; its youth will be the driving force behind sustainable growth across the continent. Therefore, investment in education and training is essential in building an educated and skilled workforce and to encourage

58 IndiaSTRATEGIC September 2017

Lockheed Martin Invests $350 Million in State-of- Boeing, BOC Aviation

line troops, explore other planets, and Finalise Order for 10 support unique missions," said Rick Ambrose, executive vice president of Lockheed Martin Space Systems. "You 737 MAX 10s could fit the Space Shuttle in the high bay with room to spare. That kind of size and versatility means we'll be able to maximise economies of scale, and with all of our test chambers under one roof, we can streamline and speed production." Lockheed Martin's Waterton Canyon campus has been a hub of space innovation since the 1950s, with more than 4,000 employees and a wide range of industry-leading design, manufacturing and test facilities on site. Spacecraft currently in production at the site include the Air Force's GPS III satellites, NASA's InSight Mars lander, NOAA's GOES-R Series weather satellites, and commercial communications satellites. n

EATTLE. Boeing and BOC based lessor has committed to more Airbus Foundation Brings Youth Development Progr amme to Africa Aviation Limited have finalised than 300 Boeing aircraft since its innovation. The goal of the ALE Sa $1.25 billion deal for establishment. programme is to support the countries’ 10 737 MAX 10 airplanes. The “Boeing is thrilled to finalise efforts in creating a sustainable pipeline announcement was first made at the this deal for 10 737 MAX 10s with of talent for Africa. 2017 Paris Air Show. “We are pleased BOC Aviation,” said Dinesh Keskar, In the spirit of “think global, act to be adding the Boeing 737 MAX10 senior vice president, Asia Pacific local”, the Airbus Foundation is aircraft to our future delivery pipeline, & India Sales, Boeing Commercial working with local organisations which offers airlines greater capacity Airplanes. “The 737 MAX 10, with dedicated to promote science combined with excellent operating its lowest seat costs of any airplane, education in Africa. The first partners, costs and fuel efficiency,” said Robert will provide superior value to BOC Travelling Telescope and STEM METS Martin, Managing Director and Chief Aviation’s customers around the Resources, respectively based in Executive Officer of BOC Aviation. world.” The 737 MAX 10 will be the Kenya and Nigeria will be rolling out “As a launch customer for the most profitable single-aisle airplane, a series of ALE workshops in their programme, this demonstrates the offering the lowest seat costs ever. home countries. Since its launch in strength of our relationship with Like Boeing’s other 737 MAX models, 2012, ALE programme successfully Boeing and will help us continue the MAX 10 incorporates the latest positioned itself as an effective vehicle to deliver superior solutions for our technology CFM International LEAP- for discovery-based learning, working airline customers.” 1B engines, Advanced Technology to enlighten and empower youth in BOC Aviation had joined 15 other winglets and other improvements the areas of science and technology companies for the launch of newest to deliver the highest efficiency, through robotics and aerospace. As version of the 737 MAX family during reliability and passenger comfort in of now, the programme has reached the Paris Air Show. The Singapore- the single-aisle market. n over 3,000 students. n

IndiaSTRATEGIC 59 INDUSTRY September 2017 End of an Era Pilatus to Discontinue Production of the Legendary Pilatus Porter PC-6 T BROUGHT fame to the Pilatus name worldwide – the Pilatus IPorter PC-6. This multi-role aircraft has been produced at Stans without interruption since 1959, currently in small numbers, i.e. ten machines per year at most. The PC-6 is one of the world’s longest-running production stories in the aviation industry. That will come to an end in early 2019 when production will be ceased. Support will be provided to existing customers for the next 20 years at least, thereby ensuring reliable ongoing PC-6 operations. Pilatus has produced a total of 500 PC-6s in Stans since 1959. Slightly fewer than 100 machines were useful load to an altitude of 5,700 has now come to take a dispassionate additionally produced in the USA metres above sea level – a world look at the facts and admit that every under license. The PC-6 delivered record that has not been bettered product has a life cycle which must an international breakthrough for even to this day! come to an end sooner or later. That Pilatus: its short takeoff and landing Oscar J. Schwenk, Chairman of moment has arrived for the PC-6. capabilities and general versatility the Board of Directors of Pilatus, With an eye on the future, however, earned it worldwide fame and a comments: we now look forward to the imminent reputation as a robust “all-rounder”. “I am proud that the PC-6 featured market launch of the PC-24 Super Amongst its many achievements, the in the Pilatus product portfolio, this Versatile Jet, which embodies, and Pilatus Porter has flown several cargo aircraft has earned us fame and carries forward, all the original values and passenger trips at maximum recognition worldwide. But the time of the PC-6.” n Rockwell Collins Delivers Latest Digital GPS Receiver Technology to USAF EDAR RAPIDS, IOWA. Rockwell Collins recently Cdelivered the latest generation of Digital GPS Anti-Jam Receiver (DIGAR) airborne anti-jam and anti- spoofing technology to the US Air Force (USAF) Special Operations Command (AFSOC). The enhanced solution provides unsurpassed airborne anti-jam capability with over 10,000 times improved jamming resistance over the previous model. “From advanced fifth-generation aircraft to ground and maritime applications, this receiver is the most

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From Lancashire to Texas 10% production milestone achieved for F-35 Lightning II fighter jets AE ENGINEERS working on combat jets for the UK’s new Baircraft carriers have reached a key production milestone. The 318th rear section for an F-35 Lightning II combat jet has rolled off its production line in Samlesbury, Lancashire meaning that 10 per cent of the global requirement has now been produced. The aft fuselage is the rear part of the state-of-the-art aircraft’s main body and with more than 3,000 aircraft currently on order it is estimated that 25,000 jobs will be sustained across the UK by more than 500 companies in the supply chain when at peak production. The rear section has since been transferred to Lockheed Martin’s which makes it ideal for Britain’s including every aft fuselage as well as Final Assembly and Check Out line in new Queen Elizabeth Class (QEC) other mission critical systems for the Fort Worth, Texas to be connected aircraft carriers. With HMS Queen F-35 Lightning II programme. with other major assemblies to Elizabeth set to enter her new The first operational Lightning become one of three aircraft variants. home in Portsmouth imminently, II squadrons will be the RAF’s 617 The 318th aft fuselage in particular the F-35B jets are on track to make Squadron (The Dambusters) and 809 will form part of a UK ‘B’ model their first flight trials from her deck Naval Air Squadron. Combined with variant of the combat jet. next year. the QEC aircraft carriers they will This variant has the short take- BAE Systems is responsible for 15 transform the UK’s ability to project off and vertical landing capability per cent of the work on each aircraft power overseas. n Rockwell Collins Delivers Latest Digital GPS Receiver Technology to USAF reliable military-grade GPS Rockwell Collins has solution available due to its delivered over 100,000 anti- unmatched anti-jam protection jam systems across weapons, levels,” said Troy Brunk, vice aircraft and soldier systems president and general manager, over the last 10 years. With a Communication, Navigation & wealth of Air Force Research Electronic Warfare Systems Laboratory (AFRL) simulations for Rockwell Collins. “This and live sky tests, DIGAR delivery demonstrates a major assures a high Technology advancement in military Readiness Level (TRL) product technology and ensures that with a flexible, programmable warfighters will have critical implementation that provides a positioning, navigation and low risk approach to mitigating timing information when it’s the evolving jamming needed most.” landscape. n

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Russian Helicopters start Production of Mi-38T for the Russian MoD AZAN, RUSSIA. “Kazan Mi-38T for the needs of VKS will be equipment. The assembled machine Helicopters” of the “Russian planned within the framework of the will be composed of aggregates and Helicopters” holding (part state armament program in 2018- components manufactured exclusively of Rostec) has started to 2025. in Russia. Kassemble the first prototype of the “The start of the Mi-38T serial for In addition, it is planned to install the Mi-38T within the framework of the the Russian Ministry of Defense is a fuel system with explosion protection implementation of obligations under significant step for the Kazan helicopter in this helicopter, as well as additional the contract concluded with the plant and Russian Helicopters as a fuel tanks to increase flight range, Russian Ministry of Defence in July whole. We managed to launch the special communications equipment 2017. production of the latest machine, and equipment for the use of maritime In accordance with the terms of the which is unique in the history of rescue suits by the members of the contract, the “Russian Helicopters” the Russian helicopter industry. We crew. The transport version of the Mi- holding will supply two Mi-38T to expect that the Mi-38 will be in 38T allows expanding functionality the Russian Ministry of Defense in demand in Russia and abroad, as and extending the scope of machines the framework of implementing operators often encounter situations by creating specialised versions, the government defense contract that require high load capacity and including the “Arctic” version of the before the end of 2019. The Mi-38T thrust of the helicopter,” stated Mr helicopter. helicopter is a military version of the Andrey Boginsky, CEO of the “Russian The potential of the helicopter Mi-38, which is developed by JSC Mil Helicopters”. combined with simplified maintenance Moscow Helicopter Plant. The Mi-38T, the assembly of which procedures and high performance These helicopters will be used is carried out on the production and flight characteristics makes the for conducting joint flight tests for capacities of Kazan Helicopters Mi-38 very attractive both for the compliance with the requirements differs from the basic certified Russian Ministry of Defense and other of the Armed Forces. According to Mi-38 helicopter on a number of potential helicopter operators in Russia their results, further purchases of the parameters and the composition of the and abroad. n

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Defence Minister Launches Production of HAL Designed LCH; Dedicates Hawk-i to the Nation

ANGALORE. Mr Arun Jaitley, Minister of Finance, Defence and Corporate Affairs, declared the launch of production of HALB (Hindustan Aeronautics Limited) designed 5.8-tonne category Light Combat Helicopter (LCH) and dedicated the HAL’s role changer design upgrade programme of Hawk-i to the nation in HAL premises here August 26. Senior officials from Ministry of Defence, Indian Air Force (IAF) and HAL were present on the occasion. Speaking on the occasion, Mr Jaitely hailed HAL’s confidence in bringing Hawk-i and LCH indigenously. He said DPSU work culture and performance have highest standards of professionalism. “We are moving in the right direction in evolving ourselves operational roles under extreme weather operational role from a trainer aircraft into a major manufacturing hub. In this conditions at different altitudes from sea into a Combat-ready platform. Hawk-i context today’s experience has been level, hot weather desert, cold weather is capable of delivering precision encouraging”, he said. and Himalayan altitudes. The LCH has also Munitions including Air-to-Ground and HAL’s Rotary Wing R&D Centre demonstrated capability to land and take close combat weapons, self defence designed the LCH whereas Mission & off from Siachen Range with considerable capabilities through Electronic Warfare Combat System R&D Centre (MCSRDC) load, fuel and weapons that are beyond (EW) systems, digital map generator and designed the Hawk-i in association with any other combat helicopter. operational reliability through new Dual the Aircraft Division. The basic version Hot stand-by Mission Computer Avionics of LCH has been cleared by CEMILAC. Hawk-i: HAL produced its 100th architecture supported by indigenous The DAC has accorded approval for Hawk jet trainer aircraft with designation high accuracy and high Altitude Radio procurement of 15 LCH from HAL under as Hawk-i; (Hawk-India). HAL took up Altimeter, IFF MKXII, Data Transfer IDDM category. the indigenous role change development system, CMDS and RWR. programme to convert the jet trainer The aircraft was flown during 2017 LCH: Endowed with a plethora of into a Combat-Ready platform. The Aero India at Bangalore and drew indigenous state-of-the-art technologies aircraft is upgraded with indigenously huge appreciation. The integration of and capable of carrying a range of designed avionics hardware, software indigenous HUD, RLG based INS and Anti weapons, the helicopter can carry out and system architecture enhancing Airfield Missile is in advance stage. n

IndiaSTRATEGIC 63 INDUSTRY September 2017 Stealth Frigates’ Deal with Russia by year end n By Vinay Shukla summit talks in Goa last October with President Vladimir Putin, India had agreed to buy four stealth frigates, two of which were to be completed at a Russian shipyard, while two others are to be built at Goa Shipyards under Make in India programme. “As far as these frigates and their delivery are concerned, we hope that all final contracts will be signed by the end of this year. Under the terms of the contract we are to build the frigates. India is to purchase the power plants on its own. We know that the power plants will be Ukrainian, but that’s the customer’s realm of responsibility. India confirms that it OSCOW. India and Russia Project 11356 by the end of this year, is moving in this direction. We will are expected to ink the a top Kremlin official said. Under honour our obligations regardless Mfinal contract for the the agreement inked during Prime of the circumstances,” Russian supply of four stealth frigates of Minister Narendra Modi’s annual presidential aide for International

Russian Helicopters are to unveil helicopter Ka-62 at the 2017 Eastern Economic Forum OSCOW. Russian Helicopters “For the guests from various regions Holding (part of Rostec State and countries, Ka-62 will become a MCorporation) is to present spectacular example of the scientific, the Russain and international audience technical and production power of with a brand new utility helicopter Ka- the Primorsk Territory. This helicopter 62. The presentation is to take place at demonstrates the potential of Progress the third Eastern Economic Forum to in manufacturing hi-tech products be held in Vladivostok on September designed for both military and civil 6-7. This is the second flight hardware use,” says Andrei Boginsky, the CEO of assembled by Progress Aresenyev Russian Helicopters. “We lay hopes on Aviation Company. this state-of-the-art and hi-tech model. The new helicopter will be publicly I am confident that all potential users presented at the exhibition the Streets will soon be able to fully appreciate all monitoring. The high operating ceiling of the Far East, which is to take place of the advantages of Ka-62.” and high power loading of its engines at the Eastern Economic Forum. It will Ka-62 helicopter is designed for the enable Ka-62 to perform the search- be the major exhibit at the stand, and passenger carriage, off-shore works, and-rescue and evacuation works in will be seen from a distance of over emergency medical services, search mountainous areas. 500 meters from different angles. and rescue, conveyance of cargo Its airframe stands out with perfect The total area of the stand will be inside the cabin and as suspended aerodynamic lines, high capacity 450 sq m. load, patrolling and environmental of the cargo and passenger cabin,

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Military-Technical Cooperation, Mr Vladimir Kozhin told state news agency TASS. The two stealth frigates, also known as the Talwar Rafale for replacement or the Admiral Grigorovich class, were under different stages of construction for the Russian Navy at of F-16s of the Air the Yantar Shipyards in Kaliningrad, but due to Ukraine’s refusal to sell Component of the gas turbines for them, their future was in limbo, as it would take some time to fully develop them Belgian Defence indigenously by Saturn engine plant. Earlier a senior Rostec Corporation executive, Mr Viktor Kladov had told the local media that yet-to-be concluded contracts would be based on the two plus two formula: two frigates will be built in Russia and delivered to India off the shelf, while another two will be built at the Goa Shipyard in collaboration with Yantar. The Indian Navy already has six guided missile stealth frigates of project 11356 - INS Talwar, INS Trishul, INS Tabar, INS Teg, INS Tir and INS Trikand built in two batches of three each at Baltiisky Zavod, St. Petersburg and Yantar Shipyard in Kaliningrad. n

Russian Helicopters are to unveil helicopter Ka-62 at the 2017 Eastern Economic Forum the tricycle landing gear with tail AINT-CLOUD, FRANCE. Dassault Aviation and its partners are fully support, and large windows which participating in the comprehensive partnership offer made by the French simultaneously serve as emergency SAuthorities to the Belgian Government, by presenting the Rafale for exits. Other distinguishing features the replacement of the F-16s of the Air Component of the Belgian Defence. include the classical scheme with a The Rafale will enable Belgium to continue to fully play its role as a reliable multibladed tail rotor in the vertical member of the Atlantic Alliance, while contributing to the security of the tailfin protected against incidental European Union. damages. Moreover, Ka-62 stands out “Already strongly established in Belgium since the end of the 1960s, with with a low noise level. nine subsidiary companies, more than 3,000 Belgian employees in high tech Ka-62 is the first helicopter ever in jobs, a network of more than 800 referenced suppliers and over 800 million the history of the global helicopter Euros of annual orders in Belgium, Dassault Aviation and its partners offer to industry equipped with the system the economic partners in the three Belgian regions, a medium-and-long-term for general helicopter equipment cooperation strategy that will truly structure the future of the Belgian industry control, as well as an integrated and that will enhance the European defence”, said Eric Trappier, Chairman open-architecture flight management and CEO of Dassault Aviation. system built to the principle of ‘glass This ambitious industrial aspect, an integral part of the broad Franco-Belgian cockpit’. One or two crew members inter-state cooperation around the Rafale, will offer the Belgian industry a can use it for visual and instrument day/ concrete and lasting return to a proactive economic partnership and a positive night flying in various geographical societal impact. n and climatic conditions. n

IndiaSTRATEGIC 65 SEMINAR REPORT September 2017 National Maritime Power: Concepts, Constituents and Catalysts

EW DELHI. The Eastern CNS, Admiral Sunil the Indian Ocean region. Delivering the Lanba delivering the Naval Command Golden key note address inaugural address, Chief of Naval Staff, Jubilee Seminar with during inauguration of Admiral highlighted India’s the ENC Golden Jubilee the theme “National Seminar maritime objectives and priorities, as also NMaritime Power - Concepts, the necessity of convergence amongst all Constituents and Catalysts” maritime stakeholders in the region and was conducted at Samudrika the overall strategic footprint of the Indian Auditorium Visakhapatnam on August 22-23. Admiral Navy across the oceans. Sunil Lanba, Chief of the Naval Staff was the Chief Guest for the event. The two-day seminar was jointly DAY-1 hosted by ENC in partnership with the National The first day of the seminar had three Maritime Foundation (NMF). sessions, featuring eminent guest speakers Welcoming the delegates and participants on and experts from diverse fields who shared the opening day, Vice Admiral HCS Bisht, Flag their perspectives. Each session was Officer Commanding-in-Chief, ENC narrated chaired by a former Commander-in-Chief fifty years of the epic journey of ENC since its of the Eastern Naval Command. inception, milestone activities undertaken and The first session of the seminar with challenges faced since then. Delivering the the theme ‘India as a Resurgent Maritime inaugural address, Admiral RK Dhowan (Retd), Power’ was chaired by Admiral Arun former Navy Chief and presently the Chairman Prakash (Retd). Commodore C Uday of the NMF reiterated the need for fostering a Bhaskar (Retd), the first speaker of the maritime thought process in shaping our policies session, spoke on the changing nature of towards becoming a stronger maritime power in maritime power and expanding maritime

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upon the need for harnessing ocean resources through technology and work being progressed by the National Institute of Ocean Technology (NIOT) towards developing marine technology and providing a bulwark for our maritime power. The third session titled “Maritime Security and Safety” chaired by Vice Admiral Raman P Suthan (Retd) started with SY Shrikhande (Retd) putting forward his views on the constabulary functions, asymmetric threats and its impact on force structure, budget and operations in the maritime domain. Deputy Inspector General Donny Michael from the Indian Coast Guard, thereafter spoke on maritime governance, law enforcement and other complex legal issues in the marine environment including overlapping jurisdictions and legislations. (Dr) Gurpreet Khurana then deliberated upon India’s approach towards humanitarian response for various contingencies at sea and its importance as a regional maritime power. Curtains were drawn to the first day of the seminar with extensive and thought provoking discussions and exchange of ideas on maritime power. DAY-2 The second day of the seminar started with the session on “Regional Maritime Dynamics” with Vice Admiral Satish Soni (Retd) in the chair. Additional Director General of the Indian Coast Guard VSR Murthy deliberated upon issues such as trans-national crimes, threats impinging on blue economy vision of India and approach towards marine environment protection. Commander Prakash Gopal elaborated upon interests. Vice Admiral Pradeep Chauhan The front row: Eminent India’s imperatives in furthering constructive maritime speakers and senior (Retd), thereafter, discussed China’s officers (past and engagement in the Indo-Pacific Region, followed by increasing footprint, influence and geo- present) listening to Captain SS Parmar on balance of power, concepts of the key note address economic interests in the Indian Ocean. by Admiral Sunil Lanba; power transition and freedom of navigation. Prof Brahma Chellaney spoke eloquently A general view of the The proceedings of the seminar were summed up on various non-traditional challenges in the audience by Vice Admiral Pradeep Chauhan (Retd), Director, maritime domain and described the existing National Maritime Foundation. geo-strategic maritime environment and In his valedictory address former Navy Chief Admiral changing maritime power equations. Arun Prakash (Retd) treating the subject in a very The second session was planned to holistic manner brought out the issues and challenges discuss “Maritime Economics, Infrastructure in the maritime domain and proposed a way ahead and Maritime Environment”. The session towards becoming a stronger maritime power. The was chaired by V Adm Anup Singh (Retd) seminar saw a balanced mix of argument and and the first speaker was Dr (Capt) Suresh debate resulting in discussions that provided a very Bhardwaj. He spoke about the challenges comprehensive update and way ahead to harness faced in the domain of critical infrastructure and strengthen India’s maritime power. such as ports, shipping and shipbuilding, The seminar was one of a series of functions and the recommended means to overcome being conducted by the Indian Navy’s Eastern these challenges. The next speaker, Mr S Naval Command which is celebrating 2017-18 as Ramasundaram, Scientist ‘D’, deliberated its Golden Jubilee Year. n

IndiaSTRATEGIC 67 September 2017 RDEL Commences Construction Activities of Coast Guard Ships

Keel Laying of Coast Guard Training Ship; Plate Cutting of Project 14 Fast patrol Vessel

ORT OF PIPAVAV. Reliance Infrastructure controlled Reliance Defence and Engineering Limited (RDEL) has commenced the Steel PCutting of the 14 Fast Patrol Vessels and carried out the Keel Laying of Training Ship for the Indian Coast Guard at their shipyard in Pipavav, Gujarat. The solemn ceremonies were conducted August 24 at the auspices of IG TP Sadanandan of Indian Coast Guard (ICG). Notably, ICG has contracted RDEL RDEL launches two Indian Navy offshore patrol vessels with delivery of 14 Fast Patrol Vessels (FPVs) and one Training Ship. The first of propulsion diesel engines delivering a max meters length and 40 meters width, the FPVs will be delivered on schedule speed of 20 knots. All ship operations are and 2 Goliath cranes with combined to Coast Guard by January 2019 and controlled by an intelligent Integrated lifting capacity of 1,200 tonnes, besides thereafter the subsequent 13 vessels will Platform Management System. outfitting berth length of 780 meters. be delivered one in every three months. RDEL previously has also built ships The Company is the first private sector The ship is a medium range surface for varied clients including Ice Class shipyard in India to obtain defence platform capable of operations in Bulk Carriers for a Norwegian company, production licence and contract to build maritime zones of India and island Offshore Support Vessels for ONGC and Naval Offshore Patrol Vessels (NOPVs) in territories. The simultaneous Keel Laying Offshore Deck Cargo Barges for NPCC- 2011. As on date there are 20 defence of 3,500-tonne Training Ship marks the UAE. The company has also repaired and ships under construction at the shipyard. commencement of Block Erection and dry retrofitted commercial and defence ships The first two NOPVs, which are part dock activities for the ship scheduled for as well as mobile oil drilling platforms for of five ships under P-21 Project of the delivery by July 2018. international clients. Indian Navy (IN) are in advanced stage The 14 FPVs being constructed at RDELhas a large ship building/repair of outfitting and due for commissioning Reliance Shipyard are propelled by water infrastructure in India; it has one of the by the first quarter of 2018. jets and capable of speeds up to 33 largest Dry Docks in the world. RDEL is competing with another Indian knots. The ship is equipped with one The shipyard has the only modular private shipbuilder L&T for the $4.5 billion 30 mm Gun and two 12.7 mm guns. shipbuilding facility in India with a Indian Navy project for the design and The Training Ship, meant for training capacity to build fully fabricated and construction of 4 landing platform docks of Coast Guard Under Trainee Officers outfitted blocks. The fabrication facility and 8 warships of the anti-submarine (UTOs) will have state-of-the-art facilities spread over 2.1 million sq ft has an warfare shallow water crafts. Bids are for training of young officers of ICG. The annual capacity of 144,000 tonnes. The expected to be opened in the next few ship is fitted with total 10,400 KW main shipyard has a pre-erection berth of 980 months. n

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September 2017

Commemoration Ceremony at Hindan to mark Successful Operationalisation of C-130J Full Motion Simulator INDAN AIR FORCE BASE, NEAR DELHI. A Commemoration Ceremony was held August H30 at Air Force Station Hindan to mark the successful operationalisation of the C-130 J full motion level D Weapons System Trainer (Simulator). The simulator was rededicated to the nation and the Indian Air Force (IAF) by Air Marshal C Hari Kumar, Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief of Western Air Command The event coincided with the completion of yet another aircrew training programme wherein eight Group Photograph after Commemoration Ceremony of Weapon System Trainer (Simulator) from left to right Gp Capt S Gopi Mohan, Cdr (Retd) SNC Srivastava, Air Cmde Nagesh Kapoor, pilots graduated towards the next Mr. Shane Evans, Air Marshal C Hari Kumar, Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief, Western phase of operational deployment. Air Command, Mr SP Shukla Chairman of Mahindra Defence Systems Ltd (MDSL) and Mrs The C-130 J simulator is the first Collison Wandy Lee at Air Force Station Hindan full motion simulator for the IAF, simulator enable aircrew to perform In response, Mr SP Shukla, Group operationalised, managed and precision low-level flying, airdrops, President, Aerospace & Defence maintained by Mahindra Defence disaster relief, HADR Operations and Sector, and Chairman Mahindra Systems Ltd (MDSL) in association landing in blackout conditions status Defence Systems said, “We are with Lockheed Martin Corporation, with zero Flight Time. delighted to partner with Lockheed USA. With a full motion simulator, Complementing Mahindra Defence Martin in this venture in service the C-130J training facility offers Systems and Lockheed Martin, Air to the Nation. We believe this complete training solutions of training Marshal Hari Kumar said that the IAF will help deliver the objectives of aircrews who operate the C-130J has tremendously benefited from this the Government of India and the special operations aircraft acquired industry led training model and he Indian Air Force (IAF) of building from Lockheed Martin in 2011. The hoped that this association would indigenous military capabilities.” technology and configuration of the bring rich dividends to the Air Force. “Mahindra Defence Systems, in its endeavor to support the Make in India initiative of the Government of India, is consistently building the ecosystem through similar programmes towards a mission ready IAF,” he added. Mr Phil Shaw, chief executive, Lockheed Martin India, said. “In partnership with Mahindra Defence Systems, Lockheed Martin is meeting the increasing global demand for C-130J military flight training with a new training centre in India. Lockheed Martin’s Rotary & Mission Systems division will provide lifecycle support to C-130J Super Hercules Air Marshal C Hari Kumar (right) with Mr SP Shukla, Chairman of MDSL pilots and aircrew.” n

70 IndiaSTRATEGIC EXHIBITION PROFILE

Organised by Supported by Media Partner

INTERNATIONAL SAFETY AND SECURITY PROFESSIONALS ASSOCIATION September 2017

Saab’s Mobile Shorad Rolls at DSEI for the First Time

LONDON. Defence and security company Saab presented for the Defence Industry first time ever at an exhibtion, the vehicle-based MSHORAD (Mobile Short Range Air Defence) MQ-1C Gray Eagle Extended solution – comprising the Giraffe 1X radar, Command and Control Range Flies 41.9 Hours (C2) and RBS 70 NG Remote Weapon Station (RWS). The system was on display at DSEI, London, England September 12-15, 2017. The 3D short range Giraffe 1X provides 360º surveillance coverage at a range of 75 km, generating data to a C2 communication system for swift analysis and action coordination. With an effective intercept range of 9 km, the SAN DIEGO. Continuing with its MQ-1C and will be a game-changer on high precision RBS 70 NG RWS, development programme, on August 6 the battlefield in support of our Army with its multiple missile launcher, MQ-1C Gray Eagle Extended Range (MQ- customer." ensures coverage from ground 1C ER) aircraft completed a 41.9-hour Starting in late August, the MQ-1C ER level up to an altitude of 5 km, endurance flight, exceeding the 40 hour production aircraft was to begin flight launching unjammable, laser- flight test goal. The Unmanned Aircraft test in Dugway, Utah for evaluation of guided missiles with a high hit System (UAS), designed and developed the Army's First Article Test (FAT). FAT probability. by General Atomics Aeronautical will demonstrate MQ-1C ER's mission “Mobile air defence brings Systems, flew out of El Mirage, Calif. capabilities, which include increased major advantages when armed in a representative US Army mission range, endurance, and payload capacity. forces are on the move. As a configuration. Since the first flight of In January 2018, MQ-1C ER will go true mobile system, MSHORAD MQ-1C ER on October 29, 2016, the through Logistics Demonstration (Log gives customers’ maximum aircraft has flown 43 test flights and Demo) where aircraft maintainability operational flexibility and accumulated over 260 hours in the air. will be validated. Then in March provides outstanding situational "This is an important milestone 2018, Follow-on Operational Test and awareness and defensive cover for the MQ-1C ER programme," said Evaluation2 (FOTE2) will demonstrate on the move”, said Stefan David R. Alexander, president, Aircraft the aircraft's ability to meet all Öberg, head of business unit Systems, GA-ASI. "The MQ-1C ER Army operational requirements in Missile Systems within Saab’s represents a significant enhancement preparation for fielding, which is business area Dynamics. in capability over the currently fielded planned for August 2018.

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Boeing Awarded Design Work for New ICBM ARLINGTON, USA. Boeing will develop its preliminary design for America’s next intercontinental ballistic missile through a $349 million US Air Force contract announced August 21. Boeing and Northrop Grumman each received risk-reduction contracts for the Ground Based Strategic Deterrent programme, which will replace the Minuteman III ICBM. In 2020, the Air Force will choose one company to develop the new secure and reliable ICBM force,” capability, flexibility and affordability land-based element of America’s said Frank McCall, Boeing director the mission requires.” The Minuteman nuclear triad. Missiles launched from of Strategic Deterrence Systems and III replacement effort will include submarines and aircraft are the other GBSD programme manager. “As flight, command and control, and elements of the triad. the Air Force prepares to replace launch systems. The Engineering and “Since the first Minuteman launch the Minuteman III, we will once Manufacturing Development phase in 1961, the US Air Force has relied again answer the call by drawing of the programme will be awarded on our technologies for a safe, on the best of Boeing to deliver the to one company in 2020. Defence Minister Inaugurates BEL Academy for Excellence, Advanced Testing Facilities at BEL BANGALORE. On August 25, Defence Minister Arun Jaitley, inaugurated an Academy for Excellence and two state- of-the-art testing facilities — EMC Test facility and Near Field Antenna Test Range at the Unit of Navratna Defence PSU Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL). The BEL Academy for Excellence is envisaged to address the training needs of not only BEL employees, but also its customers and vendors/ partners, especially MSMEs/SMEs. This institution, which will be affiliated to national/international universities, will also cater to the skill development initiatives of the Central Government. Radar systems and Airborne systems companies, including MSMEs. The NABL accredited EMC test including Nuclear Electro Magnetic Near Field Antenna Test Range facility is the first of its kind in India Pulse (NEMP) and High Altitude (NFTR) is a critical infrastructure for having Anechoic Chamber of size Electro Magnetic Pulse (HEMP) testing. calibration and testing of Radars and 11m x 21m x 30m and can conduct It can be used to carry out system communication antennas. This facility testing of Systems/Platforms weighing level EMC testing for many projects will help to calibrate and test next up to 70 Tonnes. It can be used of national importance like AKASH, generation Radars with AESA (Active to conduct system level Electro IACCS, LRSAM, Weapon Locating Electronically Steerable Array) based Magnetic Compatibility (EMC) tests Radar and Battlefield Management Antenna arrays as well as Antennas for strategic Defence systems like System. The facility will also be open for major projects such as QRSAM, Battle Tanks, Communication vehicles, for use to other Indian Defence MRSAM and LRSAM.

IndiaSTRATEGIC 73 September 2017

Armed Forces Admiral Nizamuddin Chief of Naval Staff Bangladesh “Indian Rolls out Second Navy Visits India International Course on Maritime Security NEW DELHI. Admiral Nizamuddin Ahmed, Chief of Naval Staff of the Bangladesh Navy was on an official visit to India August 28-30. The visit was aimed at consolidating bilateral naval relations between India and Bangladesh and to explore new avenues for naval cooperation. During his visit Admiral Ahmed held bilateral discussions with Admiral Sunil Lanba, Chairman Chiefs of Staff Committee and Chief of Naval Staff and other senior officials of the Indian Navy. The Admiral also had a scheduled meeting with Chief of the Air Staff, and called on the Defence Minister, NSA and the Defence Secretary. The GOA. The second international friendship, and building consensus Admiral also visited various naval programme for naval officers from amongst regional maritime nations, establishments in Visakhapatnam. friendly foreign countries was the course curriculum covers a wide Naval cooperation between India conducted by the Indian Navy’s War canvas. During the Course, participants and Bangladesh has been traditionally College at Goa in Aug-Sep 2017. are exposed to International Relations strong, encompassing a wide span Naval War College at Goa is the Theory, Geopolitics, concepts which includes operational interactions Indian Navy’s premier institution for of maritime security and Strategy, through Training, Port Calls, Passage conduct of higher military education and International Maritime Law and Exercises along with Capability Building is one of the three War Colleges of the management of ocean resources and Capacity Augmentation initiatives. . The participants amongst others. In addition, the Bangladesh Navy is also the present comprising officers from Bangladesh, participants are put through simulation Chair of the Indian Ocean Symposium Maldives, Myanmar, Oman, Sri Lanka exercises on regional security scenarios (IONS), which is a Multilateral Maritime and Indonesia attended the course. including Humanitarian Assistance and Cooperation platform launched by the Aimed at strengthening bridges of Disaster Relief (HADR). Indian Navy. Indian Navy’s 2nd Landing Craft Utility Commissioned at Port Blair PORT BLAIR. Dr Jagdish Mukhi, Armoured Vehicles, troops Governor, Andaman and and equipment from ship to Nicobar Islands, commissioned IN shore. These ships would be LCU L52 into the Indian Navy at Port based in the Andaman and Blair August 21 . IN LCU L52 is the Nicobar Command and can second Landing Craft Utility (LCU) Mk- be deployed for multirole IV class to be inducted into the Indian activities like beaching Navy. The ship has been indigenously operations, search and rescue, designed and built by Garden Reach disaster relief operations, Shipbuilders and Engineers, Kolkata. supply and replenishment The commissioning of L-52 is yet and evacuation from distant another manifestation of the potential islands. of the country’s indigenous design and The remaining six ships ship building capability. of the same class are in induction of these ships will contribute LCU MK-IV ship is an amphibious advanced stages of construction at to the nation’s maritime security needs ship with the primary role to transport M/S GRSE, Kolkata and are scheduled to and is in consonance with the drive for and deploy Main Battle Tanks, be inducted in the next two years. The ‘Make in India’.

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Ministry of Defence Approves Ministry of Defence Approves First Delegation of Powers to Border Phase of Reforms in Roads Organisation the Armed Forces

NEW DELHI. The Ministry of Defence in the BRO, the Ministry of Defence has decided to delegate administrative has now approved that for both and financial powers to the Border departmental and contractual mode Roads Organisation (BRO) right up to of execution, a Chief Engineer of BRO the level of Chief Engineer and Task can accord administrative approval up Force Commander, so as to avoid to `50 crore, ADGBR up to `75 crore NEW DELHI. In a first ever delays on account of references and DGBR up to `100 crore. exercise after Independence, between the Chief Engineer and HQ There also is a need to replace the Ministry of Defence in DGBR and also between HQ DGBR and obsolete construction equipment in consultation with the Indian the Ministry. the BRO with modern equipment. In Army has decided to reform Functioning under the control order to fast track the procurement the Indian Army in a planned of the Ministry of Defence since of latest construction machinery and manner. These decisions were 2015, the BRO is engaged in road equipment in the BRO, the Ministry of approved by the Defence construction to provide connectivity Defence has enhanced the delegation Minister Arun Jaitley after an to difficult and inaccessible regions of powers up to Rs 100 crore to DGBR extensive consultation with all in the border areas of the country. for procurement of both indigenous/ stakeholders. The Ministry of Defence intends to imported equipment. The first phase of the reforms bring transformational changes in It is expected that with delegation of involves redeployment and the organisation in order to improve powers by the Ministry of Defence to restructuring of approximately the pace of execution of works and the BRO, the pace of road construction 57,000 posts of officers/JCOs/ to achieve the desired outcomes in border areas would improve and ORs and civilians. Implementation according to the requirement of the the BRO would be able to complete has begun with the decision Armed Forces. ongoing/new projects in compressed of the Cabinet Committee on Enhancing the powers at all levels timelines. Security to close 39 military farms in a time bound manner. Chief of Army Staff Felicitates Veer Naris of Martys Restructuring by the Indian NEW DELHI. A commemoration felicitated Rasoolan Bibi, widow of the Army is aimed at enhancing ceremony to mark the 52nd martyr and several other Veer Naris Combat Capability in a manner anniversary of martyrdom of late of Martyrs of the area. Addressing that the officers/JCOs/ORs will be PVC Abdul Hamid was conducted an audience of the local population used for improving operational at Dhamupur in Ghazipur District and several Veterans of the Army, the preparedness and civilians will be September 10. General , General lauded the contributions of redeployed in different wings of Chief of the Army Staff unveiled a Ghazipur district to the Armed Forces the Armed Forces for improving memorial in honour of the martyr and and exhorted the youth to join hands efficiency. These reforms will laid a wreath. for the development and security of be completed in all respects by General Rawat and Mrs Rawat also our Nation. December 31, 2019.

IndiaSTRATEGIC 75 September 2017

Homeland Security Rajnath Singh Inaugurates YUVA Skill Development Programme NEW DELHI. The Union Home Minister and Entrepreneurship for the Rajnath Singh inaugurated the YUVA – a YUVA project. Addressing skill development programme and an the gathering, the Minister of initiative by Delhi Police under Pradhan State for Skill Development & Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana, in New Entrepreneurship (Independent Delhi August 29. Charge) Rajiv Pratap Rudy said Speaking on the occasion, Mr Singh that under the guidance of said that these kind of initiatives improve Prime Minister Narendra Modi, the image of the police among common the skill development has man. He said that it is a big task that Delhi increased the employability Police has opened skill development among the youth. and Confederation of Indian Industry training centres in the police stations. The ‘YUVA’ initiative by Delhi (CII) for providing mass job linked skill He said that the 21st Century India will Police aims to connect with youth training for the selected youth. National also like to see Indian police in this form by upgrading their skill as per their Skill Development Corporation shall be only. The Home Minister said that core competencies. It will help them to get providing skill training to the youth under policing is important for any police, but a gainful employment under Pradhan ‘Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojna’ at the same time the police should also Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojna under the (PMKVY) and CII will provide job linked adopt people-friendly measures and Ministry of Skill Development. Delhi training through its Sector Skill Councils increase their social interaction. He also Police has tied up with National Skill who are connected to industry and thanked the Ministry of Skill Development Development Corporation (NSDC) thereby provide job guarantee. Union Home Minister Inaugurates office and Indian Police Residential Premises of NIA in Lucknow contingent makes a record breaking haul of 321 medals in US NEW DELHI. A 101-member Indian Police contingent has returned with a record breaking haul of 321 medals from the World Police & Fire Games held in USA in early August. The contingent bagged 151 Gold, 99 Silver and 71 Bronze medals in the seven events they participated in the Games held in Los Angeles, California, from August 7-16. It is a rarest of the rare occasion where each team member won a medal irrespective of individual or relay events in which they participated. NEW DELHI. The Union Home a vital role in curbing terrorism. He In these games, about 8,000 and more Minister Rajnath Singh inaugurated asserted that incidents pertaining to sportspersons from 68 countries from all the office and residential premises of terrorism and naxalism have come over the world took part in about 83 National Investigation Agency (NIA) down in last three years. He said events whereas Indian Police contingent at Lucknow, August 20. The Chief that being an autonomous body, participated only in seven sports events Minister of UP, Yogi Adityanath was NIA performs its duties without any i.e. Athletics, Archery, Wrestling, Boxing, also present on the occasion. interference. The NIA has played a Judo, Swimming & Shooting and gave In his inaugural address MrRajnath crucial role in checking the funding their best performance breaking earlier Singh said that NIA has been playing to terrorism. records.

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Kiren Rijiju Lauds BSF for Taking the Lead in Pledging Organ Donation EW DELHI. Union Minister of State for Home Affairs, Shri NKiren Rijiju has lauded the Border Security Force (BSF) for motivating their personnel towards organ donation. Addressing a function in New Delhi August 11, Mr Rijiju said the BSF personnel are not only ready to sacrifice their lives in the line of duty by valiantly guarding our frontiers, but now have scaled greater heights in life saving efforts by pledging organ donation. Mr Rijiju mentioned that Director General BSF, KK Sharma has led by example as he and his family have donation will be alleviated, he added. Mr development programmes for Divyang, taken pledge as organ donors. He said Sharma reiterated BSF’s commitment for recently signed MoU for Skill Development the number of organ donor pledge shouldering social responsibilities of Nation for border population, helping CRY takers from the BSF has risen sharply Building. BSF men besides dedicating (Child Rights and You), carrying drug de- from 1,100 to more than 19,000 their life for nation are always eager addiction campaign, plantation drives for now. BSF is a trend setter and by BSF’s to contribute for social cause. BSF has environment protection and the organ initiative, misconceptions about organ started many social drives like running skill donation drives.

IndiaSTRATEGIC 77 September 2017

Nuclear & Space Next-generation Radiation-hardened Computer for Space BAE Systems, a world leader in radiation- and our customers hardened computers and processors for have come to trust the satellites and spacecraft, announced performance, reliability, August 23, a new generation of its and longevity of our flagship space computer that combines technology,” said Dave fast performance and extreme resiliency Rea, director of On-board to enable previously impossible missions Processing and Advanced in the harsh environment of space. Technology at BAE Systems. The new RAD5545 single-board “The RAD5545 SBC is the computer (SBC) provides next-generation next step in the evolution spacecraft with the high-performance of space computers. It’s onboard processing capacity needed to the most technologically advanced in extreme environmental conditions. The support future space missions — from radiation-hardened, general-purpose company has provided more than 900 weather and planetary exploration to processor for space applications.” computers on over 300 satellites, and communications, surveillance, tracking, BAE Systems’ radiation-hardened has provided the computers that power and national security missions. “We’ve electronics have been onboard satellites key national space assets, including some been delivering radiation-hardened and spacecraft for almost 30 years, that are hundreds of millions of miles components for almost three decades, delivering long-lasting computing power away from Earth.

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Boeing to Design and Build Seven UpcomingEvents Medium Earth Orbit Satellites for SES DEFENCE COMMUNICATIONS EL SEGUNDO, CALIFORNIA. September 26-27, 2017 Boeing will design and build seven Dabska 5, Krakow, 31-572, Poland super-powered medium earth orbit Contact: +44 (0) 1245 407 916 (MEO) satellites for SES, delivering www.defence-communications.com efficient high-performance data UAV TECHNOLOGY 2017 communications services to users September 27-28, 2017 around the world. Koulova 15 , Praha 6, The O3b mPOWER satellites will Czech Republic include Boeing’s most-advanced Contact: +44 (0)20 7827 6000 digital payload technology and www.uav-technology.org will be built using electronics from the satellites” said Karim Michel Sabbagh, flight-proven 702 satellite platform president and CEO at SES. “O3b mPOWER NAVAL DAMAGE CONTROL customised to support the unique MEO is a unique system with exponentially October 3-5, 2017 environment. “This latest digital payload more power, performance and flexibility, Southampton Road, Portsmouth, design has an unprecedented level of which sets the technology at the highest England, PO6 4SH, United Kingdom technology integration, built-in test level, offering a visionary roadmap for next Contact: +44 (0) 1245 407 916 capability and is modular and scalable for generation technology.” The satellites are www.navaldamagecontrol.com all orbits” said Paul Rusnock, chairman designed to be launched up to four PACIFIC 2017 and CEO, Boeing Satellite Systems at a time in a stacked configuration, October 3-5, 2017 International, Inc. depending on the selected launch Darling Dr, Sydney NSW 2009, “The SES O3b mPOWER system opens vehicle. Starting in the 1990s, Boeing Australia a new era of connectivity, fundamentally has built 12 satellites for SES. The latest, Contact: +61 (0)3 5282 0500 transforming the role and capabilities of SES-15, was launched earlier this year. www.pacific2017.com.au NAVAL DOMAIN INTELLIGENCE Boeing-Built Satellite Completes NASA’s October 17-18, 2017 Space Communications Network Livorno, Italy CAPE CANAVERAL. The sixth and Contact: +44 (0) 1245 407 916 final Boeing Tracking and Data Relay www.navaldomainintelligence.com Satellite (TDRS), launched August 18, will COMBAT HELICOPTER 2017 enhance NASA’s space communications October 17-18, 2017 network when the satellite becomes fully Dabska 5, Krakow, 31-572, Poland operational early next year. Contact: +44 (0) 1245 407 916 TDRS-M is the latest satellite in NASA’s www.combat-helicopter.com TDRS constellation and will provide high- bandwidth communications to spacecraft BIDEC 2017 in low-Earth orbit. The TDRS network October16-18, 2017 enables continuous communication Bahrain with the International Space Station, Contact: +971 (0) 4 4356101 the Hubble Space Telescope, the Earth www.bahraindefence.com Observing System and other programmes DEFENSE & SECURITY 2017 supporting human space flight. This is the November 6-9, 2017 sixth TDRS satellite Boeing has built for Bangkok Thailand NASA, the first of which was delivered drawing on our 40-plus years of strong Contact: +66 (0) 2642 6911 in 2000. After reaching its final orbit, the Boeing-NASA partnership,” said Enrico www.asiandefense.com satellite will undergo testing and checkout Attanasio, executive director, Department before being declared operational. of Defense and Civil Programmes, Boeing DUBAI AIRSHOW 2017 “This TDRS-M milestone is another Satellite Systems. Boeing has provided November 12-16, 2017 step forward in Boeing’s commitment to space communication services to NASA Dubai, UAE developing technologies to support future for more than four decades, and has been Contact: +971 4 603 3300 NASA near-Earth, moon, Mars and deep NASA’s sole provider of tracking and data www.dubaiairshow.aero space missions – and to do so affordably, relay satellites since 1995.” n

IndiaSTRATEGIC 79 LASTLY September 2017 CONFUSION GALORE l India’s 5th Generation Stealth Fighter Programme INCE ITS very inception been noticed on both sides. For example, HAL’s 50 per 10 years ago, the Indo- cent work share has been reduced to just 25 per cent or SRussian joint programme even lesser at 15 per cent, according to some estimates. for the co-development and Secondly, while Sukhoi has continued with the programme, production of a 5th generation fielding as many as 10 T-50 prototype aircraft, there is nil fighter aircraft FGFA (PAK-FA progress on the HAL side till now. There were rumours or Perspektivny Aviatsionny that HAL would receive three Russian prototypes, one Kompleks Frontovoy Aviatsii, per year from 2015 to 2017 for evaluation but nothing literally “Prospective Airborne concrete has come about on this score. In the meantime, Complex of Frontline Aviation India has been vacillating on its requirements as well as in Russian parlance) has gone overall confidence in the programme. The Russian side through innumerable see-saw like situations. Steeped however, correctly decided to go it alone, and has reached in controversies and contradictions, it appears to have a stage where it is ready to start the inductions shortly, with reached a stage where total confusion prevails, with no Russian Air Force receiving its first aircraft – rechristened sense of clarity in sight. To redux, following the official Su-57 – by the beginning of 2018. announcement of the joint project in 2007, both countries On the Indian side, after periodic but contradicting concluded a preliminary $295 million design contract for statements over the years, the last came in May 2017 the co-development of the FGFA/PAK-FA in 2010 with a when it was announced that ‘milestone’ pact had been 50:50 share of the development work and costs. But soon, reached to finalise the detailed design for the FGFA and fissures appeared and both sides have been literally at move ahead with the multi-billion dollar co-development loggerheads on issues related to aircraft design features, project. But, soon thereafter, the project appeared to be work content and project’s costs. lost once again with Moscow allegedly demanding $7 While the Russians had already flown their own PAK- billion from India as part of its development costs, given FA prototype, T-50, on January 29, 2010, the Indian side that work-sharing agreement under negotiation includes was still struggling with the kind of design attributes they the transfer of sensitive Russian defence technology. wanted in the Indian FGFA. For example, initially, India On its part, the IAF has always been sceptical about the opted for a twin-seat design compared to the Russian PAK-FA/FGFA programme in terms of its 5th generation preference for a single aircraft. A major design difference, capabilities – stealth, super-cruise, situational awareness but that was not all; the Indian side wanted as many as attributes including survivability and armaments – which 43 big and small improvements to meet the needs of led to it suggesting a staggering number of improvements Indian Air Force (IAF). The Indian side had also raised for the Indian FGFA. The IAF’s argument has actually questions about maintenance issues, the engine, stealth caught the eye of the Russian Air Force as well, which has features, weapon carriage systems, safety and reliability. decided to initially buy only a squadron worth of Su-57s for These issues led to obvious delays and it is still not clear thorough operational testing before it commits to buying whether by now, they stand sorted out or not. more of the expensive new stealth fighters. Needless In addition, there is great apprehension that the FGFA to say, the IAF is also sceptical about the huge price tag would significantly exceed the $6 billion budget that attached to the programme, especially in view of the vastly was initially agreed upon, because this figure reflects reduced HAL participation in the development work and, the expenditure on just the basic aircraft with crucial whether sufficient transfer of technology would take place avionics systems costing extra. The number of aircraft in creating self-reliance for India’s own AMCA (Advanced to be acquired by each side has also witnessed wild Medium Combat Aircraft) programme. fluctuations with each passing year. At the beginning of the Under the circumstances, while a committee has programme, the Russian and Indian air forces had planned reportedly been set up to evaluate need for FGFA, India to purchase 250 aircraft each at a projected cost of $100 (and the IAF) would do well to concentrate on fast- million per unit; with a potential for export of another 500 tracking its ongoing fighter acquisition programmes such aircraft bringing the grand total to a respectable figure of as the LCA Mk I/IA, Rafale MRCA etc, and on its selection around 1,000 aircraft. By 2012 however, India had cut its process to decide on the foreign vendor to produce multi- purchase size to 144 aircraft as announced by the then role combat fighters in India jointly with private sector IAF Chief NAK Browne. There are unconfirmed reports participation. that this figure has been further slashed to just 64 aircraft. The time to act is obviously NOW. On the development front also, large variations have – Air Marshal VK Jimmy Bhatia (Retd)

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