Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology Volume 74 Article 10 Issue 2 Summer

Summer 1983 Forcible : An Updated Bibliography Barbara M. Pawloski

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Recommended Citation Barbara M. Pawloski, Forcible Rape: An Updated Bibliography, 74 J. Crim. L. & Criminology 601 (1983)

This Book Review is brought to you for free and open access by Northwestern University School of Law Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology by an authorized editor of Northwestern University School of Law Scholarly Commons. 0091-4169/83/7402-601 THE JOURNAL OF CRIMINAL LAw & CRIMINOLOGY Vol. 74, No. 2 Copyright 0 1983 by Northwestern University School of Law Ptinted in USA.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

FORCIBLE RAPE: AN UPDATED BIBLIOGRAPHY

BARBARA M. PAWLOSKI*

OVERVIEW As third in a series of bibliographies on rape, the first by Chappell, Geis and Fogarty (including sources published through 1973)1 and the second by Feild and Barnett (covering sources published since January 1974 through 1977),2 this bibliography provides a reference source for the growing literature on rape. Many of the same trends evident in the two preceding bibliogra- phies are apparent here. The literature focuses on the victim's rights and reactions. While the previous bibliographies focused on the social and psychological aspects of rape, the present bibliography, while not ignoring these areas, focuses on the legal literature of rape. To be more helpful to researchers interested in rape, the legal literature has been divided into a number of additional subtopics. For example, great at- tention has been given to , warranting a separate category.

How TO USE THIS BIBLIOGRAPHY As a deviation from the style of the two previous bibliographies, the citations have been divided into six major categories with "Medical and Medico-legal" as a subtopic of law. These categories are described in the "Contents" section. The titles of the articles may not be indicative of content. Cross references. As in previous bibliographies, the full citation is

* Adjunct Assistant Professor of Law and Assistant Law Librarian, Marquette University Law Library; J.D., Georgetown University Law Center 1982, M.L.S., State University of New York at Albany, 1976, State University of New York at Binghamton, 1973. 1 Chappell, Geis & Fogarty, ForcibleRape: A Bibliography, 65 J. CRIM. L. & CRIMINOLOGY 248 (1974). 2 Feild & Barnett, ForcibleRape: An UpdatedBibliography, 68 J. CRIM. L. & CRIMINOLOGY 146 (1977). 602 BARBARA M PAWLOSKI [Vol. 74 given only once. Cross references, listing articles which may be useful, are provided at the end of some sections by citation number. Author Index. A list of authors with citation numbers is given at the end of the bibliography.

CONTENTS Sections Inclusive Citation Number

I. Sociology ...... 1-17 II. The Victim A. General Perspectives ...... 18-26 B. Children and Adolescents ...... 27-32 C. Psychological and Psychiatric Aspects ...... 33-62 D. The Feminist Viewpoint ...... 63-65 III. The Offender A. Characteristics ...... 66-73 B. Treatm ent ...... 74-77 C. Psychology ...... 78-86 IV. The Law A . Definition ...... 87-102 B. Administration ...... 103-109 C. Elements of the Crime 1. Intent ...... 110-111 2. Force (resistance) ...... 112 3. Lack of Consent ...... 113-115 4. Corroboration ...... 116-120 D. Defenses 1. Intoxication ...... 121-125 2. Consent ...... 126-128 3. M arriage ...... 129-151 4. U nchastity ...... 152-165 E. Rape Shield Laws ...... 166-180 F. Rape Reform Laws ...... 181-198 G. Evidence (legal) ...... 199-203 H. Medical and Medico-legal Evidence ...... 204-209 I. Detection of Sperm and Seminal Stains ...... 210-213 J. Trial (generally) ...... 214-216 K . Jury ...... 217-220 L. Instructions ...... 221-222 M . V erdict ...... 223-228 1983] FORCIBLE RAPE

N. Sentencing ...... 229-249 0 . Appeal ...... 250 P. Bail ...... 251-253 Q. Civil Suits ...... 254-256 V. Police Investigations ...... 257-273 VI. Rape in Non-Common Law Jurisdictions ...... 274-281 Author Index ...... p. 6 2 0

I. SOCIOLOGY OF RAPE

1. Bauermeister, Rapists, Victims and Society, 21 INT'L J. OFFENDER THERAPY 2389 (1977). 2. Boulding, Women and Social Violence, 30 Soc. SCI. J. 801 (1978). 3. Cultural Roots of Violence Against Women, 14 CENTER MAG. 22 (1981). 4. Deming & Eppy, Sociology of Rape, 65 Soc. & Soc. RESEARCH 357 (1980). 5. Davis, Rape, Racism and the Capitalist Setting, 9 BLACK SCHOLAR 357 (1978). 6. James & Meyerding, Earl.y Sexual Experience and Prostitution, 134 AM. J. PSYCHIATRY 1381 (1977). 7. Kaufman, DiVasto, Jackson, Vandernau, Pathak & Odelgave, Im- pact of a Community Health Approach to Rape, 67 AM. J. PUB. HEALTH 365 (1977). 8. King & Webb, Rape Crisis Centers: Progressand Problems, 37 J. Soc. ISSUES 93 (1981). 9. Klein, Violence Against Women.: Some ConsiderationsRegarding Its Cause and Elimination, 27 CRIME & DELINQ. 64 (1981). 10. Malamuth, Heim & Feshbach, Sexual Responsiveness of College Stu- dents to Rape Depictions: Inhibitory and Disinhibitoy Efects, 38 J. PER- SONALITY & SOC. PSYCHOLOGY 399 (1980). 11. Nacci, in Prisons, 40 AM. J. CORRECTION 30 (1978). 12. Nagao & Davis, Some Implications of Temporal Dr~/? in Social Parame- ters, 16 J. EXPERIMENTAL SOC. PSYCHOLOGY 479 (1980). 13. Rape, 37 J. Soc. ISSUES 1 (1981). 14. Schneider, Some FactorsforAnalysis in Sexual Assault, 15 Soc. Sci. & MED. 55 (1981). 15. Singh, Note on Rape and Social Structure, 41 PSYCHOLOGICAL REP. 134 (1977). BARBARA M PAWLOSKI [Vol. 74

16. Tolor, Women's Attitudes Toward Forcible Rape, 14 COMMUNITY MENTAL HEALTH J. 116 (1978). 17. West, Sexual Assaults. The Reality Behind the Statirtics, 13 AUSTL. J. FORENSIC Sci. 30 (1980).

II. THE VICTIM

A. GENERAL PERSPECTIVES

18. Asking For It?, 282 ECONOMIST, Jan. 16, 1982, at 53. 19. Dukes & Mattley, PredictingRape Victim Reportage, 62 Soc. & Soc. RESEARCH 63 (1977). 20. Groth & Burgess, Male Rape: Offenders and Victins, 137 AM. J. PSY- CHIATRY 806 (1980). 21. Holmes & Williams, Problems and Pitfalls of Rape Victims Research: An Analysis of Selected Methodological, Ethical and PragmaticConcerns, 4 VICTIMOLOGY 17 (1979). 22. Keeler, Typical Rape Victim Is Poor, Young, Single, 36 BENCH & B. MINN., Jan. 1980, at 47. 23. Profile Report: Rape Victim Usually Young, 7 Juv. JUST. DIG. 6 (1979). 24. Skelton & Burkhart, Sexual Assault: Determinantsof Victim Diclosure, 7 CRIM. JUST. & BEHAV. 224 (1980). 25. Vincent, Women Who Ask for It, 100 NEW STATESMAN 12 (1980). 26. White & Rollins, Rape. A Family Crisz, 30 FAM. REL. 103 (1981).

B. CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS

27. Burgess, Holmstrom & McCausland, Child Sexual Assault by a Fam- ily Member. Decisions Following Disclosure, 2 VICTIMOLOGY 236 (1977). 28. Child Sexual Assault and Incest: A Bibliography, 8 CATALOG SE- LECTED DOCUMENTS PSYCHOLOGY 65 (1978). 29. Gross, Incestuous Rape: A Causefor Hysterical Seirures in FourAdolescent Girls, 49 AM. J. ORTHOPSYCHIATRY 704 (1979). 30. Jones, Gruber & Timers, Incidence and SituationalFactors Surrounding Sexual Assault Against Delinquent Youths, 5 CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 431 (1981). 31. Swift, Sexual Victim~iation of Children: An Urban MentalHealth Center Survey, 2 VICTIMOLOGY 322 (1977). 32. Ward, Rape of Girl-Children by Male Family Members, 15 AUSTL. & N.Z. J. CRIMINOLOGY 90 (1982). 1983] FORCIBLE RAPE

C. PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PSYCHIATRIC ASPECTS

33. Alexander, The Responsible Victim. Nurses' Perceptions of Victins of Rape, 21 J. HEALTH & SoC. BEHAV. 22 (1980). 34. Atkeson, Calhoun, Resick & Ellis, Victis of Rape: Repeated Assess- ment of Depressive Symptoms, 50 J. CONSULTING & CLINICAL PSY- CHOLOGY 96 (1982). 35. Becker, Abel & Skinner, The Impact ofa Sexual Assault on the Victim's Sexual Life, 4 VICTIMOLOGY 229 (1977). 36. Best & Kilpatrick, PsychologicalProfiles of Rape Crisis Counselors, 40 PSYCHOLOGICAL REP. 1127 (1977). 37. Bolt & Caswell, Attribution of Responsibility to a Rape Victim, 114 J. SOC. PSYCHOLOGY 137 (1981). 38. Burgess & Holmstrom, Adaptive Stages and Recovey from Rape, 136 AM. J. PSYCHIATRY 1278 (1979). 39. Durrenberger, Comparison of Rape and Attempted Rape Victims, 50 PSYCHOLOGICAL REP. 198 (1982). 40. Ellis, Atkeson & Calhoun, An Assessment of Long-Term Reaction to Rape, 90 J. ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY 263 (1981). 41. Ellis, Examination of Dife'rences Between Multiple and Single-Incident Victims of Sexual Assault , 91 J. ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY 221 (1982). 42. Feldman-Summers, Gordon & Meagher, Impact of Rape on Sexual Satisfaction, 88 J. ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY 101 (1979). 43. Forman, Cognitive Modification of Obsessive Thinking in a Rape Victim- A Preliminagr Study, 47 PSYCHOLOGICAL REP. 819 (1980). 44. Heilbrun, Presumed Motive in the Male and Female Perception of Rape, 7 CRIM. JUST. & BEHAV. 257 (1980). 45. Janoff-Bulman, CharacteristicalVersus BehavioralSelf-Blame: Inquiries into Depression and Rape, 37 J. PERSONALITY & SOC. PSYCHOLOGY 1798 (1979). 46. Kanehar & Kolsawalla, Factors Afecting Responsibility Attributed to a Rape Victim, 113 J. SOC. PSYCHOLOGY 285 (1981). 47. Kanehar & Kolsawalla, Responsibility in Relation to Respectability, 102 J. SOC. PSYCHOLOGY 183 (1977). 48. Kanehar & Kolsawalla, Responsibility of a Rape Victim in Relation to Her Respectability, Attractiveness and Provocativeness, 112 J. SOC. PSY- CHOLOGY 153 (1980). 49. Kaufman, DiVasto, Jackson, Voorhees & Christy, Male Rape Vic- tims: NoninstitutionalkedAssault, 137 AM. J. PSYCHIATRY 21 (1980). 50. L'Arm & Pepitone, Judgements of Rape: A Study of Victim-Rapist Re- BARBARA M PAWLOSKI [Vol. 74

lationships and Victims' Sexual History, 8 PERSONALITY & SOC. PSY- CHOLOGY BULL. 134 (1982). 51. Rape.- Normal Reaction?, 264 ECONOMIST, Sept. 17, 1977, at 51. 52. Norris & Feldman-Summers, Factors Related to the PsychologicalIm- pacts of Rape on the Victim, 90 J. ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY 562 (1981). 53. Paulsen, Attribution of Fault to a Rape Victin as a Function of Locus of Control, 107 J. SOC. PSYCHOLOGY 131 (1979). 54. Resick, Calhoun, Atkeson & Ellis, SocialAdjustment in Victims of Sex- ual Assault, 49 J. CONSULTING & CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY 705 (1981). 55. Ruch, Chandler & Harter, Life Change and Rape Impact, 21 J. HEALTH & Soc. BEHAV. 248 (1980). 56. Selby, Calhoun & Brock, Sex Differences in the Social Perception of Rape Victims, 3 PERSONALITY & SOC. PSYCHOLOGY BULL. 412 (1977). 57. Silverman, First Do No More Harm: Female Rape Victims and the Male Counselor, 47 AM. J. ORTHOPSYCHIATRY 91 (1977). 58. Silverman, Sharing the Crisis of Rape: Counseling the Mates and Fami- lies of Victims, 48 AM. J. ORTHOPSYCHIATRY 166 (1978). 59. Suarez & Gallup, Tonic Immobility as a Response to Rape in Humans, 29 PSYCHOLOGICAL REC. 315 (1979). 60. Terry, Contextual Similarities in Subjective Probabilities of Rape and Other Events, 113 J. Soc. PSYCHOLOGY 293 (1981). 61. Thorton, Relationships of Observer Characteristicsto Beliefs in the Causal Responsibility of Victims of Sexual Assault, 35 HuM. REL. 321 (1982). 62. Thorton, Social Perception of the Rape Victim's Culpability. The Influ- ence of Respondents' PersonalEnvironmental CausalAttribution Tendencies, 34 HUM. REL. 225 (1981). Cross Reference: 26.

D. THE FEMINIST VIEWPOINT

63. Albin, Psychological Studies of Rape, 3 SIGNS 423 (1977). 64. Quenneville, Will Rape Ever Be a Crime of the Past?.- A Feminist View of Societal Factors & Rape Law Reforms, 9 GOLDEN GATE U.L. REV. 581 (1978-1979). 65. Rose, Rape as a Social Problem. A Byproduct of the Feminist Movement, 25 SoC. PROBS. 75 (1977). 1983] FORCIBLERAPE

III. THE OFFENDER

A. CHARACTERISTICS

66. Burt, Cultural Myths and Supports for Rape, 38 J. PERSONALITY & SOC. PSYCHOLOGY 217 (1980). 67. Cochrane, Sex Crimes and Pornography Revisited, 6 INT'L J. CRIMI- NOLOGY & PENOLOGY 307 (1978). 68. Court, Pornography and Sex-Crimes. A Re-evaluation in the Light of Re- cent Trends Around the World, 5 INT'L J. CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY 129 (1977). 69. Dirty Magazines Incite Inmates to Commit Homosexual Rape, Court Rules on Censorship Case, 9 CORRECTIONS DIG., Sept. 22, 1978, at 10. 70. Groth, The Adolescent Sexual Offender and His Prey, 21 INT'L J. OF- FENDER THERAPY & COMP. CRIMINOLOGY 249 (1977). 71. Groth, Longo & McFadin, Undetected Recidivism Among Rapists and Child Molestors, 28 CRIME & DELINQ. 450 (1982). 72. Heilbrun & Cross, Analysis of Rape Patternsin White and Black Rap- ists, 108 J. Soc. PSYCHOLOGY 83 (1979). 73. McCarthy, Pornography, Rape and the Cult of Macho, 40 HUMANIST 11 (1980). Cross Reference: 20.

B. TREATMENT 74. Brodsky, Understandingand Treating Sexual Offenders, 19 How. J. PE- NOLOGY & CRIME PREVENTION 102 (1980). 75. Cooke, The Behavioral Treatment of the Rapist, 58 PRISON J. 47 (1978). 76. The Juvenile Rapist and What to Do for Him and His Victims.- Now a Problem in Milwaukee, 7 Juv. JUST. DIG., Aug. 10, 1979, at 5. 77. Rada, Legal Aspects in Treating Rapists, 5 CRIM. JUST. & BEHAV. 369 (1978).

C. PSYCHOLOGY 78. Groth, Burgess & Holmstrom, Rape: Power, Anger & Sexuality, 134 AM. J. PSYCHIATRY 1239 (1977). 79. Groth & Burgess, Rape: A Sexual Deviation, 47 AM. J. ORTHOPSY- CHIATRY 400 (1977). 80. Lowenstein, The Psychology of Rape, 127 NEW L.J. 220 (1977). 81. New Film Examines the Pschology of a Rapist, 12 CRIME CONTROL DIG., Sept. 22, 1978, at 5. BARBARA M PAWLOSKI [Vol. 74

82. Panton, Personality Differences Appearing Between Rapists of Adults, Rapists of Children, andNon-violent Sexual Molesters of Female Children, 3 RESEARCH COMP. PSYCHOLOGY, PSYCHIATRY & BEHAV. 385 (1978). 83. Quinsey & Chaplin, Penile Responses to Nonsexual Violence Among Rapists, 9 CRIM. JUST. & BEHAV. 372 (1982). 84. Scott, The Sexual Offender, 21 INT'L J. OFFENDER THERAPY 255 (1977). 85. Rabkin, The Epidemiology of Forcible Rape, 49 AM. J. ORTHOPSY- CHIATRY 634 (1979). 86. Vera, Bernard & Holzer, The Intelligence of Rapists." New Data, 8 ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAV. 375 (1979). Cross References: 68, 73.

IV. THE LAW

A. DEFINITION

87. Attempted Rape Per Annum, 46 J. CRIM. L. 72 (1982). 88. Berger, Man s Trial, Woman's Tribulation: Rape Cases in the Court- room, 77 COLUM. L. REV. 1 (1977). 89. Survey of Virginia Law, 1978-1979, 66 VA. L. REv. 249 (1980). 90. Curran, Women's Rights in the Courts: Some Gains and Losses, 70 AM. J. PUB. HEALTH 178 (1980). 91. Survey of Developments in North Carolina Law, 1979, 58 N.C.L. REV. 1350, 1394 (1980). 92. Ellison, Landlord Held Liable for Tenants Rape, 4 NAT'L L.J., May 24, 1982, at 43. 93. Feldman-Summers & Palmer, Rape as Viewed by Judges, Prosecutors, and Police Ofters, 7 CRIM. JUST. & BEHAV. 19 (1980). 94. Comment, Forcible Rape: The Law in Texas, 9 TEx. TECH. L. REV. 563 (1978). 95. Gold & Wyatt, Rape System: Old Roles and New Times, 27 CATH. U.L. REV. 695 (1978). 96. Survey: Women and California Law, 12 GOLDEN GATE U.L. REV. 725 (1982). 97. Oretsky, Forcible Rape and Statutoy Rape. The Delicate Balance Be- tween the Rights of Victim and Defendant, 11 J. MAR. J. PRAC. & PROC. 481 (1978). 98. Rape Charge by Prostitute Upheld, 15 TRIAL 9 (1979). 99. Schiff, Rape-By a Paraplegic??, 1979 MED. TRIAL TECH. Q. 92. 1983] FORCIBLE RAPE 609

100. Schwendinger & Schwendinger, Rape, the Law, and PrivateProperty, 28 CRIME & DELINQ. 271 (1982). 101. Sexually Offensive?, 130 NEw L.J. 1054 (1980). 102. Williams, Sexual Offenses Act 1976, s.2.R. v. Viola, 1982 CRIM. L. REV. 515.

B. ADMINISTRATION

103. Note, Investigation and Trialof Charges of Rape, 98 LAw Q. REV. 182 (1982). 104. ProsecutorsReluctant to Push Rape Cases-And a CSPA Project, 4 VIc- TIMOLOGY 171 (1979). 105. Robin, Forcible Rape." Institutionali-edSexism in the CriminalJustice System, 23 CRIME & DELINQ. 136 (1977). 106. Toby, Deterrence Without Punishment, 19 CRIMINOLOGY 195 (1981). 107. Two , 131 N.Y. Times, Aug. 28, 1982, at 17. 108. Weninger, Factors Affecting the Prosecution of Rape.- A Case Study of Travis County, Texas, 64 VA. L. REv. 357 (1978). 109. Wyoming Prosecutorin Hot Waterfor Using Polygraph to Determine Ve- racity of Victim's Complaint, 10 SEC. SYs. DIG., Aug. 29, 1979 at 10. Cross Reference: 216.

C. ELEMENTS OF THE CRIME 1. Intent 110. The Necessay Intent in Rape, 8 SYDNEY. L. REV. 196 (1977). 111. Pickard, Culpable Mistakes and Rape.- Relating Mens Rea to the Crime, 30 TORONTO L.J. 75 (1980).

2. Force (Resistance) 112. Kates & Engberg, Deadly ForceSelf-Defense Against Rape, 15 U.C.D. L. REV. 873 (1982).

3. Lack of Consent 113. Scutt, Consent Versus Submission: Threats and the Element of Fear in Rape, 13 U.W. AUSTL. L. REV. 52 (1977). 114. Caryl-Thomas,Rape--Sexual Offenses Act 1976-Meaning of Without Consent-Dis-tinction Between Consent and Submission, 1981 CRIM. L. REV. 717. 115. Brody, Rape of the Mentally Defient. Satisfaction of the Nonconsent Ele- ment, 15 J. MAR. L. REV. 115 (1982). BARBARA M PAWLOSKI [Vol. 74

4. Corroboration

116. Wall, The Definition of Corroboration in Criminal Law, 42 SASK. L. REV. 17 (1977). 117. Survey of Nebraska Law: Criminal Law: State v. Tatum: The Rape CorroborationRequirement, 15 CREIGHTON L. REV. 220 (1980). 118. Hans & Brooks, Effects of CorroborationInstruction in a Rape Case on ExperimentalJuries, 15 OSGOODE HALL L.J. 701 (1977). 119. Pratt, The Demise of the CorroborationRequirement-Its History in Geor- gia Rape Law, 26 EMORY L.J. 805 (1977). 120. Slade, Tria. Submission of No Case-Test to be Applied by Judge- Sexual Offenses Where Complainant is Uncorroborated, 1981 GRIM. L. REV. 646.

D. DEFENSES 1. Intoxication 121. Caryl-Thomas, Rape-Drunken Mistake-Failureto Appreciate Lack of Consent- Whether an Excuse; Sexual Offenses Act 1976, s. 1 (2)-Meaning of "Other Relevant Matters": R. v. Woods, 1982 GRIM. L. REV. 42. 122. Connelly, Drunkenness and Mistake of Fact.- Pappajohn v. The Queen; Swieltinski v. The Queen, 24 CRIM. L.Q. 49 (1981). 123. Johnson, Gibson & Linden, Alcohol and Rape in Winnipeg, 1966- 1975, 39 J. STUD. ALCOHOL 1887 (1978). 124. Pickard, Culpable Mistakes and Rape.- Harsh Words on Pappajohn, 30 U. TORONTO L.J. 415 (1980). 125. Comment, Pappajohn." Safeguarding FundamentalPrinciples, 26 MC- GILL L.J. 348 (1981).

2. Consent 126. Glacken, Consent-Meaning of "Reckless"--Sexual Offenses Act 1976, s. 1; Majority Verdicts-Number ofJurors Assenting to and Dissentingfrom Verdict to be Stated in Open Court- Whether Requirement Mandatoiy-Ju- ries Act 1974, s. 17 (3): R. v. Pigg, 1982 CRIM. L. REV. 446. 127. Malamuth & Check, Sexual Arousal to Rape and Consenting Depictions: The Importance of the Womans Arousal, 89 J. ABNORMAL PSYCHOL- OGY 763 (1980). 128. Williams, Divergent Interpretationsof Recklessness-Ill, 132 NEw L.J. 336 (1982).

3. Marriage 129. Barry, Spousal Rape.- The Uncommon Law, 66 A.B.A. J. 1088 (1980). 1983] FORCIBLE RAPE

130. Comment, Marital Rape in California.- For Better or Worse, 8 SAN. FERN. V.L. REV. 239 (1980). 131. Chappell & Sallman, Rape in Mamiage Legislation in South Australia.- Anatomy of a Refom, 14 AUSTL. J. FORENSIC Sci. 51 (1982). 132. Clancy, Equal Protection Considerationsof the Spouse Sexual Assault Ex- clusion, 16 NEw ENG. L. REV. 1 (1981). 133. CriminalLaw--Rape-Husband Cannot Be Guilty of Raping His Wife, 82 DICK. L. REV. 608 (1978). 134. DiCarlo, The MaritalRape Exemption in Pennsylvania: With this Ring 86 DICK. L. REV. 79 (1978). 135. Finkelhor & Yllo, Forced Sex in Maiage:A PreliminagResearch Re- port, 28 CRIME & DELINQ. 459 (1982). 136. Freeman, "But If You Can't Rape Your Wife Who Can You Rape?" The MaritalRape Exemption Re-examined, 15 FAM. L.Q. 1 (1981). 137. Geis, Rape-in-Marriage: Law and Law Reform in England, the United States, and Sweden, 6 ADEL. L. REV. 284 (1978). 138. Note, The MaritalRape Exemption: Legal Sanction of Spouse Abuse, 18 J. FAM. L. 565 (1980). 139. Griffin, In 44 States, It's Legal to Rape Your Wfe: When A Woman Says IDo,She Gives Up Her Right to Say I Won't, 9 STUDENT LAW. 20 (1980). 140. Hilf, Marital Privacy and Spousal Rape, 16 NEW ENG. L. REV. 31 (1981). 141. Is Marriage Consent?, 269 ECONOMIST, Dec. 30, 1978, at 23. 142. Keeler, Rape by Husbands More Common than Thought, 37 BENCH & B. MINN., July-Aug. 1980, at 15. 143. MaritalRape Exemption, 52 N.Y.U. L. REV. 306 (1977). 144. Matthews, MaritalRape, 10 FAM. L. 221 (1980). 145. Note, Criminal Law-Sexual Batteq'-No Interspousal Exception from Prosecution Under FloidaSexual Batteg Statute, 10 FLA. ST. U.L. REV. 326 (1982). 146. Comment, Rape in Maiage." The Law in Texas and the Need for Re- form, 32 BAYLOR L. REV. 109 (1980). 147. Schiff, State of Oregon v. Rideout-Can Husband Rape Wife?, 1980 MED. TRIAL TECH. Q. 49. 148. Schulman, Battered Women Score Major Victories in New Jersey and Massachusetts Marital Rape Cases, 15 CLEARINGHOUSE REV. 342 (1981). 149. Schulman, The Marital Rape Exemption in the Criminal Law, 14 CLEARINGHOUSE REV. 538 (1980). BARBARA M PAWLOSKI [Vol. 74

150. Scutt, Consent in Rape: The Problem of the Marriage Contract, 3 MONASH L. REV. 255 (1977). 151. Slovenko, The Marital Rape Exemption, 4 VICTIMOLOGY 178 (1979).

4 Unchastity

152. Cann, Attributing Responsibility to the Victim of Rape.: Influence of Infor- mation Regarding Past Sexual Experience, 32 HuM. REL. 57 (1979). 153. Cohen, Evidence of the Complainant'sPrevious Sexual Conduct in a Rape Offense Trial, 130 NEw L.J. 622 (1980). 154. Evidence-Admissibility of the Victim's Past Sexual Behavior Under Washington's Rape Evidence Law- Wash. Rev. Code § 9. 79.150 (1976), 52 WASH. L. REV. 1011 (1977). 155. Idaho Code § 18-6105 A Limitation on the Use of Evidence Relating to the PriorSexual Conduct of the Prosecutrixin Idaho Rape Trials, 15 IDAHO L. REV. 323 (1979). 156. Keeffe, Should Rape Victims" Sex Histoy Be Admissible?, 66 A.B.A. J. 1586 (1980). 157. Letwin, "Unchaste Character," Ideology, and the California Rape Evi- dence Laws, 54 S.C.L. REv. 35 (1980). 158. Nagao & Davis, Efcts of PriorExperience on Mock Juror Case Judg- ments, 43 Soc. PSYCHOLOGY Q. 190 (1980). 159. Nemeth, CharacterEvidence in Rape Trials in Nineteenth Centuy New York.: Chastity and the Admzsibility of Specift Acts, 6 WOMEN RTS. L. REP. 214 (1980). 160. Ordover, Admissibility of Patterns of Similar Sexual Conduct: The Unla- mented Death of CharacterforChastity, 63 CORNELL L. REV. 90 (1977). 161. Questions as to Previous Sexual Experience, 44 J. CRIM. L. 160 (1980). 162. Comment, Rape-Admissibility of Victim's PriorSexual Conduct: What is the Law in Texas?, 31 BAYLOR L. REV. 317 (1979). 163. Note, Refuting the Defensive Theoy with PriorActs of Misconduct, 29 BAYLOR L. REV. 163 (1977). 164. Comment, Relevanc of Evidence of PriorSexual Conduct Under the Ken- tucky Revised Statute Section 510.145, 4 N. KY. L.J. 345 (1977). 165. Scutt, Admissibility of Sexual Histog Evidence and Allegations in Rape Cases, 53 AUSTL. L.J. 817 (1979).

E. RAPE SHIELD LAWS

166. Legislative Note, Act 197 of 1977- Arkansas' Rape-Shield Statute, 32 ARK. L. REV. 806 (1979). 1983] FORCIBLE RAPE 613

167. Burnim, Massachusetts Rape-Shield Lawi--An Over-Step in the Rzght Direction, 64 MASS. L. REv. 61 (1979). 168. Comment, FederalRule of Evidence 412. Was the Change an Improve- ment?, 49 U. CIN. L. REV. 244 (1980). 169. Comment, Evidence: Rape Victim Protection, 18 WASHBURN L.J. 665 (1979). 170. Gale, Military Evidence Rule 412.: The Paper Shield, 14 ADVOCATE 146 (1982). 171. Graham, Evidence & Tial Advocacy Workshop.- Relevancy and Exclu- sion of Relevant Evidence-The FederalRape Shield Statute, 18 CRIM. L. BULL. 513 (1982). 172. Harper, Criminal Procedure-Rape Victim Shield Statute.- State v. Fortney, 3 CAMPBELL L. REV. 113 (1980). 173. Annual Survey of South Carolina Law.- ConstitutionalLaw. The Sixth Amendment: The Rape Shield Statute, 32 S.C.L. REV. 43 (1980). 174. Comment, Kentucky .- One Step Too Far, 66 Ky. L.J. 426 (1977). 175. Kutner, Cameron v. State: Does the Oklahoma Rape Evidence Statute Prevent Impeachment of a Complaining Witness for Bias or Motive to Fal- si?, 30 OKLA. L. REV. 905 (1977). 176. Comment, The Illinois Rape Shield Statute. Privacy at Any Cost?, 15 J. MAR. L. REV. 157 (1982). 177. Note, Louisiana's Protectionfor Rape Victins: Too Much of a Good Thing?, 40 LA. L. REV. 268 (1979). 178. Rothstein, Evidence Workshop. New Federal Evidence Rule 412 on Sex Victim's Character, 15 CRIM. L. BULL. 353 (1979). 179. Spector & Foster, Rule 412 and the Doe Case. The Fourth Circuit Turns Back the Clock, 35 OKLA. L. REV. 87 (1982). 180. Tanford & Bocchino, Rape Victim Shield Laws and the Sixth Amend- ment, 128 U. PA. L. REV. 544 (1980).

F. RAPE REFORM LAWS

181. Bienen, Rape Ill-NationalDevelopments in Rape Reform Legislation, 6 WOMEN'S RTS. L. REP. 170 (1980). 182. Card, The Criminal Law Revision Committee's Working Paper on Sexual 0fenses, 1981 CRIM. L. REV. 361. 183. Comment, The Change in the Texas Aggravated Rape Statute. Does It Change Anything?, 19 HoUS. L. REV. 735 (1982). 184. Note, Florida's Sexual Batterg Statute. Signiftant Reform but Bias Against the Victim Still Prevails, 30 U. FLA. L. REV. 419 (1978). 614 BARBARA M PAWLOSKI [Vol. 74

185. Annual Survey of Rhode Island Law, Recent Statutes, 14 SUFFOLK U.L. REV. 832 (1980). 186. Hargrave, Louisiana Constitutional Law. Developments in the Law, 1979-1980, 41 LA. L. REV. 529 (1981). 187. Herman, What's Wrong with Rape Reform Laws?, 3 Civ. LIBERTIES REV., Dec. 1976-Jan.1977, at 60. 188. Ireland, Reform Rape Legislation: A New Standard of Sexual Responsi- bility, 49 U. COLO. L. REV. 185 (1978). 189. Kneedler, Sexual Assault Reform in Virginia-A Legislative Hlitoy, 68 VA. L. REV. 459 (1982). 190. Legislating in Haste, 132 NEw L.J. 74 (1982). 191. Lewis, Recent Proposalsin the CriminalLaw of Rape: Sgnifant Reform or Semantic Change?, 17 OSGOODE HALL L.J. 445 (1979). 192. Loh, The Impact of Common Law and Reform Rape Statutes on Prosecu- tion. An Empirical Study, 55 WASH. L. REV. 543 (1980). 193. Rape and Other Sexual Offense Law Reform in Maryland 1976-1977, 7 U. BALT. L. REV. 151 (1977). 194. Richardson, An Analysis of Oklahoma-s New Rape Statutes, 52 OKLA. B.J. 2482 (1981). 195. Schwartz & Clear, Toward a New Law on Rape, 26 CRIME & DE- LINQ. 129 (1980). 196. Temkin, Towards a Modem Law of Rape, 45 MOD. L. REV. 399 (1982). 197. Van Amburg & Rechtin, Rape Evidence Reform in MissourL" A Rem- edy for the Adverse Impact of Evidentiary Rules on Rape Victims, 22 ST. Louis U.L.J. 367 (1978). 198. Winsor & Nyman, New Rape Law, 19 LAW & Soc'y J. 653 (1981).

G. EVIDENCE (LEGAL)

199. Admissibility of Other Offense Evidence after State v. Houghton, 25 S.D.L. REV. 166 (1980). 200. Burgess & Laszlo, Courtroom Use of HospitalRecords in Sexual Assault Cases, 77 AM. J. NURSING 64 (1977). 201. Cates & Wilensky, Searchfor Relevant Evidence: The Robbins Rape Ev- idence Law, 52 L.A. B.J. 386 (1977). 202. Note, State v. Hatcher: The ContinualMisunderstanding of the Recent Sexual Assault Complaint Exception to the Hearsay Rule, 40 LA. L. REV. 1036 (1980). 203. Scarmeas, Rape Victim-Rape Crzis Counselor Communications: A New Testimonial Privilege, 86 DICK. L. REV. 539 (1982). 1983] FORCIBLE RAPE

H. MEDICAL AND MEDICO-LEGAL EVIDENCE

204. Groth & Burgess, Sexual Dysfunction DuringRape, 297 NEW ENG. J. MED. 764 (1977). 205. Harm & Rajs, Types of Injuries and Interrelated Conditions of Victims and Assailants in Attempted and Homicidal Strangulation, 18 FORENSIC SCI. INT'L 101 (1981). 206. Paul, The MedicalExamination of the Live Rape Victim and the Accused, 1982 MED. TRIAL TECH. Q. 424. 207. Comment, ScientifWc Evidence in Rape Prosecution, 48 U. Mo. K.C. L. REV. 216 (1980). 208. Stone, Scientfie Evidence in Rape Cases, FORENSIC SCI. GAZETTE, July-Aug. 1982, at 1. 209. Stone & Stone, Scientifw Evidence in Rape Cases, 41 TEX. B.J. 517 (1978).

I. DETECTION OF SPERM AND SEMINAL STAINS 210. Davies, The Appearance and Grouping of Mttures of and Vaginal Material, 22 MED. SCI. L. 21 (1982). 211. Enos & Beyer, ProstaticAcid Phosphatase,Aspermia and Alcoholism in Rape Cases, 25 J. FORENSIC ScI. 353 (1980). 212. Sensabaugh, Blake & Northey, Genetic Markers in Semen II1" Altera- tion of PhosphoglucomutaseIsozyme Patterns in Semen Contaminated with Saliva, 25 J. FORENSIC SCI. 470 (1980). 213. Willott, Frequency of Azoospermia, 20 FORENSIC SCI. INT'L 9 (1982).

J. TRIAL (GENERALLY) 214. Note, CriminalProcedure-Right of Cross Examination-Sexual Assault Statute, 79 W. VA. L. REV. 293 (1977). 215. Hauserman & Lansing, Rape on Campus: Postseconday Institutions as Third Party Defendants, 8 J.C. & U.L. 182 (1981). 216. O'Neale, Court Ordered PychiatricExamination of a Rape Victim in a Criminal Rape Prosecution-OrHow Many Times Must a Woman Be Raped?, 18 SANTA CLARA L. REV. 119 (1978).

K. JURY

217. Recent Decisions: Statutog Right to Race Directed Voir Dire in Interracial Rape Cases, 16 SUFFOLK U.L. REV. 295 (1982). 218. Feild, Rape Trials andJurors' Decisions: A Psycholegal Anaysis of the Effects of Victim, Defendant, and Case Characteristics, 3 LAw & HUM. BEHAV. 261 (1979). BARBARA M PAWLOSKI [Vol. 74

219. Jacobsen, Effects of Victim -s and Defendant s Physical Attractiveness on Subject'sJudgment in a Rape Case, 7 SEx ROLES 247 (1981). 220. Ugwuegbu, Racial and Evidential Factors in Juror Attribution of Legal Responsibility, 15 J. EXPERIMENTAL SOC. PSYCHOLOGY 133 (1979).

L. INSTRUCTIONS

221. Arabian, The Cautionary Instruction in Sex Cases: A Lingering Insult, 10 Sw. U.L. REV. 585 (1978). 222. Comment, Appellate Decisions 1978-79, Criminal Law, The Right to Notice of a Specif# Charge-The Validity of a Second Degree Rape Instruc- tion Following a Trialfor First Degree Rape, 22 ARIZ. L. REV. 187 (1980).

M. VERDICT

223. LaFree, Variables Affecting Guilty Pleas and Convictions in Rape Cases: Toward a Social Theoy of Rape Processing, 58 Soc. FORCES 833 (1980). 224. Miller & Hewitt, Conviction of a Defendant as a Function ofJuror-Victim Racial Similarity, 105 J. SOC. PSYCHOLOGY 159 (1978). 225. Soothill, Way & Gibbens, Rape Acquittals, 43 MOD. L. REV. 159 (1980). 226. Study Confirms Odds on Being Convictedfor Rape Are Vey Low, CRIME CONTROL DIG., Aug. 14, 1978, at 2. 227. Study Fznds 'Dismal' 1.6% Conviction Rate in Rape Cases, LAw EN- FORCEMENT NEWS, Sept. 11, 1978, at 5. 228. Williams, Few Convictions in Rape Cases: EmpiricalEvidence Concerning Some Alternative Explanations, 9 J. CRIM. JUST. 29 (1981).

N. SENTENCING

229. Appropriate Sentence for Rape: R. v. Roberts, 46 J. CRIM. L. 125 (1982). 230. California Court Examines Law Enhancing Sentence for , 29 CRIM. L. REV. 2095 (1981). 231. Note, Capital Punishment, 68 J. CRIM. L. & CRIMINOLOGY 601 (1977). 232. Recent Decisions: UnitedStates Supreme Court Decisions: CapitalPunish- ment for Rape Violates Eighth Amendment, 14 CRIM. L. BULL. 81 (1978). 233. Note, Capital Punishment-Rape-DeathHeld to be a Cruel and Unu- sual Punishmentfor the Crime of Rape of an Adult Woman, 6 AM. J. CRIM. L. 107 (1978). 1983] FORCIBLE RAPE

234. Coker v. Georgia: DisproportionatePunishment and the Death Penaly for Rape, 78 COLUM. L. REv. 1714 (1978). 235. Note, ConstitutionalLawo-Criminal Law-Eighth Amendment-Death as a Penaltyfor Rape is Cruel and Unusual Punishment, 1978 Wis. L. REV. 253. 236. CriminalLawo-Death as a Punishmentfor Rape-Disproportional,Cruel and UnusualPunishment, 21 How. L.J. 955 (1978). 237. Criminal Lawo-Rape Alone Does Not Constitute Great Bodiy Injuy for Penalty Enhancement., 19 SANTA CLARA L. REv. 269 (1979). 238. Criminal Law-Rape-Multiple Ofenses Severally Punishable, 44 TENN. L. REV. 388 (1977). 239. Note, The Death Penaltyfor Rape-Crueland UnusualPunishment?, 38 LA. L. REV. 868 (1978). 240. Comment, Disinterment of an Ancient Law.- An Eye for an Eye, No Deathfor Rape, 44 BROOKLYN L. REV. 622 (1978). 241. Dorin, Two Diferent Worlds: Criminologist, Justices and Racial Dis- crimination in the Imposition of CapitalPunishment in Rape Cases, 72 J. CRIM. L. & CRIMINOLOGY 1667 (1981). 242. Goldberg, The Death Penaltyfor Rape, 5 HASTINGS CONST. L.Q. 1 (1978). 243. Sentencingfor Rape Convictions-UnbridledJu Discretion in Imposing a Life Sentence on Convicted Rapist is Unconstitutional, 4 AM. J. TRIAL ADVOC. 178 (1980). 244. Comment, Rape, Recividism and Capital Punishment. Time for the Supreme Court to Re-examine Its Interpretation of the Eighth Amendment, 9 OHIO N.U.L. REV. 99 (1982). 245. Plea BargainingAgain, 45 J. CRIM. L. 148 (1981). 246. Rumsey & Rumsey, Case of Rape SentencingJudgments of Males and Females, 41 PSYCHOLOGICAL REP. 459 (1977). 247. The Unconstitutionalityof the Death Penaltyfor Rape: A Life On'y for a Lzfe, 24 LoY. L. REv. 314 (1978). 248. Wright,Judges in Fetters, 126 SOLIC. J. 113 (1982). 249. Young, Supreme Court Report. Death Sentence for Rape is "Excessive", 64 A.B.A. J. 116 (1978). Cross Reference: 106.

0. APPEAL

250. Note, The Eighth Amendment, Rape, and Sexual Batter,." A Study in Methods ofJudicialReview, 32 U. MIAMI L. REv. 690 (1978). BARBARA M PAWLOSKI [Vol. 74

P. BAIL

251. Maker, Eighth Amendment Excessive Bail Clause Applies to States Through Fourteenth Amendment, 60 WASH. U.L.Q. 645 (1982). 252. Comment, Forcible Rape and the Right to Bail, 17 SAN DIEGO L. REV. 1061 (1980). 253. Skirting a Bail Issue, Juv. JUST. DIG., Mar. 5, 1982, at 9.

Q. CIVIL SUITS

254. Comment, The Civil Action for Rape.- A Viable Alternativefor the Rape Victim?, S. ILL. U.L.J. 399 (1978). 255. Damages Approvedfor Rape Victims of Diplomats Son, 188 N.Y.L.J., Aug. 4, 1982, at 1. 256. LeGrand & Leonard, Civil Suits for Sexual Assault.: Compensating Rape Victims, 8 GOLDEN GATE U.L. REV. 479 (1979).

V. POLICE INVESTIGATION

257. Adelman, Teaching Police Crisis Intervention Techniques, 2 VIC- TIMOLOGY 123 (1977). 258. Albi, Prosecutor-BasedInvestigation." An Alternative Model for the Spe- cialized Handling of Rape Cases, 5 J. POLICE SCI. & AD. 129 (1977). 259. Amidon & Wagner, Successful Investzgation andProsecution of the Crime of Rape: A Descritive Model, 6 J. POLICE SCI. & AD. 141 (1978). 260. Charle, Sex Crimes Units are Raising Conviction Rates, Consciousness, Costs. . . and Questions, POLICE MAG., June 1980, at 362. 261. Every Cop in the World Hears This, CRIM. CONTROL DIG., June 1977, at 10. 262. Finnelly, Rape Investigation, 7 POLICE L.Q., Oct. 1978, at 20. 263. Hageman & Hastings, Patternsof ForcibleRape in Wichita, Kansas. A Case of the Open System Theoy, 6 J. POLICE SCI. & AD. 318 (1978). 264. Hefferman, Albuquerque Police Using Computer System to Quicko Pro- vide Data on Rapists, CRIME CONTROL DIG., Mar. 29, 1982, at 4. 265. Hotson, The Inquiry into the Cambridge Rapes-October 1974 to June 1975, 54 POLICE J. 375 (1981). 266. LaFree, Efect of Sexual Stratification by Race on Oficial Reactions to Rape, 45 AM. Soc. REV. 842 (1980). 267. LaFree, Official Reactions to Social Problems. Police Decisions in Sexual Assault Cases, 28 Soc. PROBS. 582 (1981). 268. Duggan, Management and Control of Sexual Assault, 49 POLICE CHIEF, Jan. 1982, at 111. 1983] FORCIBLE RAPE 619

269. Merchant, A Modelfor Police Assistance to Rape Victims, 7 J. POLICE ScI. & AD. 45 (1979). 270. Merchant, Police Assistance to Rape Victims, 47 POLICE CHIEF, June 1980, at 39. 271. Nelson, Establishing Rapport with Victims, 48 POLICE CHIEF, Nov. 1981, at 60. 272. Rape: A Females Nightmare, 8 LAw ENFORCEMENT J., Nov. 1979, at 1. 273. Tindall, "Officer, What ShouldIDo If. .. ?", 47 FBI L. ENFORCE- MENT BULL., Apr. 1978, at 2.

VI. RAPE IN NON-COMMON LAW JURISDICTIONS

274. Don't Complain to the Police, 276 ECONOMIST, July 19, 1980, at 40. 275. Geis & Geis, Rape in Stockholm: Is PermissivenessRelevant?, 17 CRIMI- NOLOGY 311 (1979). 276. Justice a Woman?, 263 ECONOMIST, Apr. 19, 1977, at 38. 277. Lilli, Rape-ItalianStyle, 93 NEw STATESMAN 517 (1977). 278. Mujumdar, Review of Law in Mathura Case, 86 CRIM. L.J. 28 (1980). 279. Mukerjee, The Existing Law on Rape-More Patriarchalthan Human, 87 CRIM. L.J. 21 (1981). 280. Nawaz, What Change in the Law of Rape!, 86 CRIM. L.J. 50 (1980). 281. Sharma,An Analysis of the CriminalLaw Bill 1980, 87 CRIM. L.J. 47 (1981). 620 BARBARA M PAWLOSKI [Vol. 74

AUTHOR INDEX

The numbers in the righthand column refer to citation numbers listed in the Bibliography.

A bel ...... 35 A delm an ...... 257 A lbi ...... 258 A lbin ...... 63 A lexander ...... 33 A m idon ...... 259 A rabian ...... 221 A tkeson ...... 34, 40, 54 B arry ...... 129 Bauerm eister ...... 1 B ecker ...... 35 B erger ...... 88 Bernard ...... 86 B est ...... 36 B eyer ...... 2 11 B ienen ...... 18 1 B lake ...... 212 B olt ...... 37 Bocchino ...... 180 B oulding ...... 2 B rock ...... 56 Brodsky ...... 74 B rody ...... 115 B rooks ...... 118 Burgess ...... 20, 27, 38, 78, 79, 200, 204 Burkhart ...... 24 B urnim ...... 167 B urt ...... 66 Calhoun ...... 34, 40, 54, 56 C ann ...... 152 C ard ...... 182 Caryl-Thom as ...... 114, 121 C asw ell ...... 37 C ates ...... 20 1 C handler ...... 55 C haplin ...... 83 C happell ...... 131 C harle ...... 260 C heck ...... 127 C hristy ...... 49 1983] FORCIBLE RAPE 621

C lancy ...... 132 C lear ...... 195 C ochrane ...... 67 C ohen ...... 153 C onnelly ...... 122 C ooke ...... 75 C ourt ...... 68 C ross ...... 72 C urran ...... 90 D avies ...... 210 D avis ...... 5, 12, 158 D em ing ...... 4 D iCarlo ...... 134 D iVasto ...... 7, 49 D orin ...... 241 D uggan ...... 268 D ukes ...... 19 D urrenberger ...... 39 Ellis ...... 34, 40, 41, 54 E llison ...... 92 Engberg ...... 112 E nos ...... 211 E ppy ...... 4 Feldman-Summers ...... 42, 52, 93 Feshbach ...... 10 Feild ...... 218 Finkelhor ...... 135 Finnelly ...... 262 Form an ...... 43 Foster ...... 179 Freem an ...... 136 G ale ...... 170 G allup ...... 59 G eis ...... 137, 275 G ibbens ...... 225 G ibson ...... 123 G lacken ...... 126 G old ...... 95 G oldberg ...... 242 G ordon ...... 42 G raham ...... 171 G riffin ...... 139 G ross ...... 29 622 BARBARA M PAWLOSI [Vol. 74

Groth ...... 20, 70, 71, 78, 79, 204 G ruber ...... 30 H agem an ...... 263 H ans ...... 118 H argrave ...... 186 H arm ...... 205 H arper ...... 172 H arter ...... 55 H astings ...... 263 H auserm an ...... 215 H efferm an ...... 264 H eilbrun ...... 44, 72 H eim ...... 10 H erm an ...... 187 H ew itt ...... 224 H ilf ...... 140 H olm es ...... 21 H olm strom ...... 27, 38, 78 H olzer ...... 86 H otson ...... 265 Ireland ...... 188 Jackson ...... 7, 49 Jacobsen ...... 219 Johnson ...... 123 Jam es ...... 6 Jones ...... 30 Janoff-Bulm an ...... 45 Kanehar ...... 46, 47, 48 K ates ...... 112 K aufm an ...... 7, 49 K eeffe ...... 156 K eeler ...... 22, 142 K ilpatrick ...... 36 King ...... 8 K lein ...... 9 K needler ...... 189 K olsawalla ...... 46, 47, 48 K utner ...... 175 LaFree ...... 223, 266, 267 L ansing ...... 215 L 'A rm ...... 50 L aszlo ...... 200 LeG rand ...... 256 1983] FORCIBLE RAPE 623

Leonard ...... 256 L etw in ...... 157 L ew is ...... 191 L illi ...... 277 L inden ...... 123 L oh ...... 192 L ongo ...... 71 Low enstein ...... 80 M aker ...... 251 M alam uth ...... 10, 127 M atthews ...... 144 M attley ...... 19 M cC arthy ...... 73 M cCausland ...... 27 M cFadin ...... 71 M eagher ...... 42 M erchant ...... 269, 270 M eyerding ...... 6 M iller ...... 224 M ujum dar ...... 278 M ukerjee ...... 279 Nacci ...... 11 Nagao ...... 12, 158 N aw az ...... 280 N elson ...... 271 N em eth ...... 159 N orris ...... 52 N orthey ...... 212 Nym an ...... 198 O delgave ...... 7 O 'N eale ...... 216 O rdover ...... 160 O retsky ...... 97 Palm er ...... 93 Panton ...... 82 Pathak ...... 7 Paul ...... 206 Paulsen ...... 53 Pepitone ...... 50 Pickard ...... 111, 124 Pratt ...... 119 Q uenneville ...... 64 Q.uinsey ...... 83 624 BARBARA A. PAWLOSKI [Vol. 74

R abkin ...... 85 R ada ...... 77 R ajs ...... 205 R echtin ...... 197 R esick ...... 34, 54 R ichardson ...... 194 R obin ...... 105 R ollins ...... 26 R ose ...... 65 R othstein ...... 178 R uch ...... 55 R um sey ...... 246 Sallm an ...... 131 Scarm eas ...... 203 Schiff ...... 99, 147 Schneider ...... 14 Schulm an ...... 148, 149 Schw artz ...... 195 Schwendinger ...... 100 Scott ...... 84 Scutt ...... 113, 150, 165 Selby ...... 56 Sensabaugh ...... 212 Sharm a ...... 281 Silverm an ...... 57, 58 Singh ...... 15 Skelton ...... 24 Skinner ...... 35 Slade ...... 120 Slovenko ...... 151 Soothill ...... 225 Spector ...... 179 Stone ...... 208, 209 Suarez ...... 59 Sw ift ...... 3 1 T anford ...... 180 Tem kin ...... 196 T erry ...... 60 T horton ...... 61, 62 T im ers ...... 30 T indall ...... 273 T oby ...... 106 T olor ...... 16 1983] FORCIBLE RAPE 625

U gw uegbu ...... 220 V an Am burg ...... 197 Vandernau ...... 7 Vera ...... 86 Vincent ...... 25 Voorhees ...... 49 W agner ...... 259 W all ...... 116 W ard ...... 32 W ay ...... 225 W ebb ...... 8 W eninger ...... 108 W est ...... 17 W hite ...... 26 W ilensky ...... 201 W illiam s ...... 21, 102, 128, 228 W illott ...... 213 W insor ...... 198 W right ...... 248 W yatt ...... 95 Y llo ...... 135 Y oung ...... 249