nological Society of Japan

CRUSTACEAN RESEARCH, NO. 32: 13-25, 2003 13

Pylopaguropsis lemaitrei, a new species of (: : Paguridae) from French Polynesia.

Akira Asakura and Gustav Paulay

Abstract .—Pylopagurops is lemaitrei, Polynesia (Marquesas, Society, Tuamotu, new species, is described from French Australs, and Gambier Islands) by Poupin Polynesia. It closely resembles P. (2002, onwards). This species is morpholog­ lewinsohni McLaughlin & Haig, 1989, in ically close to P. lewinsohni McLaughlin & having three longitudinal sulci on the Haig, 1989, but in coloration, it is very simi­ lateral face of the propodus of the right lar to P. keijii McLaughlin & Haig, 1989. third pereopod. The new species is eas­ Here, we describe this French Polynesian ily distinguished from the latter by the species as new and compare it with P. lewin­ coloration and morphology of the che- sohni and P. keijii. lipeds, ambulatory pereopods and tel- McLaughlin & Haig (1989) divided son. Coloration of the chelipeds and Pylopaguropsis into the teevana group and ambulatory pereopods of the new magnimanus group based on morphology of species is very similar to that of P. kei­ the third pereopods. The former includes jii McLaughlin & Haig, 1989. However, species in which the pair of third pereopods coloration of the ocular peduncles and morphologically similar. The latter is char­ antennas and morphology of the right acterized by dissimilar third pereopods; the third pereopod separate the new right dactyl and propodus broader and more species from P. keijii. elongate, the dorsolateral margins promi­ nently angular, and the lateral face of the propodus flattened or with one to three deep Introduction longitudinal sulci. This group includes McLaughlin & Haig (1989) reviewed the Pylopaguropsis magnimanus (Henderson, pagurid genus Pylopaguropsis Alcock, 1905, 1896), P. zebra (Henderson, 1893), P. atlanti- and they recognized eleven species world­ ca Wass, 1963, P. keijii McLaughlin & Haig, wide. Subsequently, in his review of 1989, P. speciosa McLaughlin & Haig, 1989, Pylopaguropsis from Japanese waters, and P. lewinsohni McLaughlin & Haig, 1989. Asakura (2000) described two additional The possession of dissimilar third pere­ species from tropical Japan. During a recent opods in the present new species places it in visit by the first author to the National the magnimanus group. Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution (USNM), an undescribed species of Pylopaguropsis was found, collected from Materials, Abbreviations, and Terminology the Marquesas Islands, French Polynesia, The holotype and paratypes of the new during a cruise by the research vessel Pele species are deposited at USNM and Florida in 1967. The second author also recently Museum of Natural History, University of found this species in the Tuamotu Islands of Florida (UF), respectively. For comparative French Polynesia. He provided a photo­ purposes, the paratype of P. lewinsohni graph of this species as Pylopaguropsis cf. (Alan Hancock Foundation, AHF, now keijii to the web database of French housed in Museum of Los Angeles County,

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LACM), non-type material of the same CSIRO St. Dm 6/192/63, 24°04'S, 112052'E, species (USNM and Western Australian 140 m, off Cape Cuvier, western Australia, Museum, WAM), the paratype of P. keijii Indian Ocean, 8 Oct. 1963, coll. G. J. (USNM), and non-type material of the same Morgan, WAM C20229. Pylopaguropsis species (Natural History Museum and keijii: paratype, 1 -?-, SL = 3.20 mm, GUM St. Institute, Chiba, CBM-ZC) were examined. 119D, 13-17 m, Uruno Point, Guam, Abbreviations used are; SL, shield length Mariana Isls., 13°37,N, 144°48'E, 4 May as measured from the tip of the rostrum to 1984, coll. V. Tyndzik, USNM 231415; 1Taxonomy than broad; anterior margin between ros­ trum and lateral projections slightly concave; Pylopaguropsis lemaitrei, new species anterolateral margins sloping; lateral mar­ Figs. 1-5 gins convex; posterior margin truncate; dor­ Type material.— Holotype: £, SL = 2.35 sal surface slightly convex, with scattered mm, 4.6-12.2 m, north side of Baie Hikeu, tufts of short setae. Rostrum well devel­ Ua Pou, Marquesas Isls., French Polynesia, oped, elongate triangular, considerably 23 Sept. 1967, R/V Pele, coll. H. A. Rehder, exceeding lateral projections. Lateral pro­ USNM 1015381. Paratypes: !

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dorsally; fourth segment with few scattered late, ventrolateral distal angle with strong setae; third segment with strong spine at spine, ventromesial margin with row of ventrodistal margin; second segment with sharp spines. Ischium unarmed. dorsolateral distal angle produced, terminat­ Left cheliped (Fig. 3A-C) slender; propo- ing in strong spine, dorsomesial distal angle dal-carpal articulation rotated counter-clock­ with acute spine; first segment with ven­ wise 60o from perpendicular when viewed trodistal margin produced. Antennal aci- dorsally. Dactyl 0.6-0.7 length of palm, ter­ cles moderately long, strongly arcuate, each minating in strong corneous claw (Fig. 3B); terminating in blunt-tipped spine; dorsome­ dorsal and mesial surfaces unarmed, with sial margins with row of moderately long scattered tufts of setae; distal half of cutting setae. Antennal flagella with 2-4 moderate­ edge with row of small corneous teeth (Fig. ly long setae on every 2 or 3 articles, inter­ 3A; not visible in Fig. 3B, as this figure spersed by short setae. showing ventral face of slightly lateral view). Third maxilliped with carpus and merus Fixed finger terminating in strong, bifid, cor­ each bearing single, small blunt-tipped spine neous claw (Fig. 3B); overlapping terminal on dorsodistal margin; ischium (Fig. 1C) claw of dactyl; dorsal and lateral surfaces with well-developed crista dentata and unarmed, with scattered tufts of setae; distal strong accessory tooth; basis (Fig. 1C) with half of cutting edge with row of small cor­ 1 or 2 small, acute corneous teeth. neous teeth. Palm 0.6-0.7 length of carpus; Sternite of third maxillipeds (Fig. ID) dorsal, mesial and lateral surfaces unarmed, with median suture; unarmed, with several with scattered setae. Carpus 1.1-1.2 length setae on either side of midline. of merus; dorsal, mesial and lateral surfaces Right cheliped (Fig. 2) massive, sparsely unarmed except for dorsodistal spine, with setose; chela bent downward; similar in scattered tufts of setae. Merus with ventro­ males and females. Dactyl terminating in lateral margin bearing strong subdistal spine small corneous claw (Fig. 2D); dorsal sur­ and several tiny spines. Ischium unarmed. face with scattered tufts of short setae, and Second pereopods (Fig. 3D, E) similar only in large individual (SL = 3.00 mm), with from left to right. Dactyls 1.0 (right) or scattered very tiny tubercles or spinules, 1.1 (left) length of propodi; each terminating dorsomesial margin with row of strong, in strong, elongate corneous claw; ventral tooth-like spines; cutting edge with various­ margins each with row of 7 or 8 corneous ly-sized, blunt calcareous teeth and, on distal spines; mesial faces moderately convex, 0.2, several tiny corneous teeth. Fixed fin­ each with 1 corneous spine dorsodistally or ger terminating in small, bifid, corneous unarmed. Propodi 1.8 (left) or 1.9 (right) claw (Fig. 2D); cutting edge with 2 very length of carpi; ventrodistal margins each large teeth proximally and many tiny cal­ with strong corneous spine. Carpi 0.6 careous teeth on remainder of cutting edge. length of meri; dorsodistal angles each with Dorsolateral margin of fixed finger and palm acute spine. Meri with ventrolateral mar­ armed with row of strong, tooth-like spines. gins each bearing sharp subdistal spine Palm 1.5-1.7 length of carpus; dorsal surface (Fig. 3D-a), ventral margins unarmed (Fig. with scattered tubercles mesially and several 3D-b). Ischia unarmed. small tubercles on lateral half; ventral sur­ Left third pereopod (Fig. 3F, G) general­ face tuberculate. Carpus 1.0-1.2 length of ly similar to second pair but spination and merus; dorsal surface with several spines on proportions different. Dactyl 1.1 length of distal margin, scattered tubercles on lateral propodus; terminating in strong, elongate half, few spines on mesial half, and one corneous claw; ventral margin with row of 7 strong spine at dorsomesial distal angle; ven­ or 8 corneous spines; mesial face convex, tral surface tuberculate. Merus with dorsal with dorsal row of 3-6 corneous spines and margin unarmed; ventral surface tubercu- ventral row of 3-5 corneous spines.

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Propodus 1.4 length of carpus; ventrodistal unarmed, divided into anterior and posterior margin unarmed. Carpus 0.8 length of lobes by shallow transverse groove, short merus; dorsodistal angle with acute spine. curved row of setae on each anterior lobe. Merus and ischium unarmed. Uropods strongly asymmetrical, left dis­ Right third pereopod (Fig. 4) dissimilar tinctly larger than right; rasps of exopods from left third. Dactyl broad, with distinct and endopods well developed; protopods dorsolateral margin; lateral face with 1 or 2 unarmed. rows of setae near dorsal margin, longitudi­ Telson (Fig. 1H) with lateral constriction; nally concave dorsally and ventrally, with posterior lobes asymmetrical, left distinctly intervening ridge; mesial face strongly con­ larger than right; partially calcified marginal­ vex, with dorsal row of 6 or 7 and ventral ly; terminal margin of left rounded, right row of 5 or 6 strong corneous spines; ventral oblique, each with row of 10-13 (left) or 3-5 margin with row of 10-12 strong corneous (right) spines. spines. Propodus broad, with distinct dor­ Coloration (Fig. 5). — Shield mottled solateral margin; lateral face with 1-3 irregu­ cream, white and light brown; rostrum lar rows of setae near dorsal margin, longitu­ cream. Antennules with ultimate segments dinally concave in upper third, with deep and flagella purple, penultimate segments concavity in midline, and concave ventrally, light purple. Antennas with flagella and fifth producing 3 longitudinal sulci; ventral face segments purple or deep magenta, fourth to with row of widely-spaced corneous spin- first segments and acicles cream. Ocular ules, ventrodistal margin with single, elon­ peduncles purple or deep magenta, lighter gate, corneous spine. Carpus, merus and proximally. Corneas silver. Ocular acicles ischium similar to those of left third. white. Right cheliped generally fawn or yel­ Sternite of third pereopods (Fig. IE) with low-orange, lighter distally. Chela, carpus anterior lobe subsemicircular. and distal margin of propodus of left che­ Fourth pereopod (Fig. IF, G) semi- liped and dactyls, propodi, carpi and distal chelate; dactyl moderately short, terminat­ margins of meri of second and third pere­ ing in strong corneous claw, without preun- opods purple or deep magenta. Fourth and gual process, ventral margin with row of cor­ fifth pereopods whitish. neous spines; propodal rasp of single row of Etymology. — This species is named for corneous scales; carpus with blunt-tipped Dr. Rafael Lemaitre, USNM, who hosted the dorsodistal spine mesially. first author during his visit to USNM, sup­ Fifth pereopod chelate; dactyl and propo­ ported by the Smithsonian visiting scientist dus with well-developed rasps. program and in recognition of his dedication Abdomen dextrally twisted. Female to the study of hermit crab taxonomy. with paired first pleopods fringed with setae; Affinities. — The possession of three lon­ left second to fourth each with exopod gitudinal sulci on the lateral face of the slightly longer than endopod, fringed with propodus of the right third pereopod in the long, finely-plumose setae, endopod and pro- new species (Fig. 4) is shared by only one topod with few tufts of setae; left fifth with other known species of Pylopaguropsis, P. elongate endopod fringed with long, finely- lewinsohni. However, coloration is very dif­ plumose setae and short exopod with setae ferent between the two species. In P. lewin­ laterally. Male with left third to fifth sohni, the left cheliped, the ambulatory legs, pleopods, each with elongate endopod and and the carpus and merus of the right che­ short exopod fringed with setae. liped have distinct red and white stripes, all Tergite of first abdominal somite small, of which are lacking in the new species. chitinous, unarmed, fringed with setae dor­ Morphologically, the new species is dis­ solateral^; second to fifth membranous; tinguished from P. lewinsohni by several sixth well calcified, subrectangular, characters, particularly, of both chelipeds,

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Fig. 1. Pylopaguropsis lemaitrei, new species: holotype, -?-, SL = 2.35 mm, Marquesas, French Polynesia, USNM 1015381. A, shield and cephalic appendages, dorsal; B, left antenna, lateral; C, ischi­ um and basis of left third maxilliped, external; D, sternite of third maxillipeds; E, anterior lobe of stern- ite of third pereopods; F, right fourth pereopod, lateral; G, same, mesial; H, telson, dorsal. Scales equal 1 mm for A-B and F-H and 0.5 mm for C-E.

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Fig. 2. Pylopaguropsis lemaitrei, new species: holotype, -?-, SL = 2.35 mm, Marquesas, French Polynesia, USNM 1015381. Right cheliped: A, mesial; B, dorsal: C, lateral; D, distal portions of dactyl and fixed finger, ventral. Scales equal 1 mm.

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Fig. 3. Pylopaguropsis lemaitrei, new species: holotype, £, SL = 2.35 mm, Marquesas, French Polynesia, USNM 1015381. Left cheliped: A, dorsal; B, dactyl and fixed finger, ventral (slightly lateral view, emphasizing bifid condition of fixed finger claw); C, carpus and merus, lateral. Left second pereo- pod: D, lateral; E, dactyl and distal portion of propodus, mesial; arrows "a" and "b" indicate subdistal spine on ventrolateral margin and unarmed ventral margin, respectively, of merus. Left third pereo- pod: F, lateral; G, dactyl and distal portion of propodus, mesial. Scales equal 1 mm.

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Fig. 4. Pylopaguropsis lemaitrei, new species: holotype, £, SL = 2.35 mm, Marquesas, French Polynesia, USNM 1015381. Right third pereopod: A, lateral; B, dactyl, lateral; C, same, mesial; D, propodus, lateral. Scales equal 1 mm.

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Fig. 5. Pylopaguropsis lemaitrei, new species: paratype, g, SL = 3.00 mm, Tikehau, Tuamotu, French Polynesia, UF 1763. Color in life, photo and copyright by G. Paulay.

ambulatory pereopods, and telson. In the in P. lewinsohni, the carpal dorsal face is new species, the dorsal face of the palm of armed with a row of sharp spines (Fig. the right cheliped is almost smooth, except 6B-a), and the ventrolateral margin of the for several small tubercles on the lateral half merus is also armed with a row of well-devel­ (Fig. 2B); the lateral faces of the carpus and oped spines (Fig. 6C-b). merus are also nearly smooth except for sev­ In the new species, the ventrolateral mar­ eral tubercles on the dorsolateral face of the gins of the meri of the second pereopods are carpus (Fig. 2C). However, in P. lewinsohni, each armed with a sharp subdistal spine the dorsal face of the palm of the right che­ (Fig. 3D-a), and the ventral margins are liped is armed with a mesial row of small, unarmed (Fig. 3D-b). In contrast, the ven­ widely-spaced tubercles and two lateral rows trolateral margins of the same surfaces in P. of spines (see Fig. 7g in McLaughlin & Haig, lewinsohni are without a subdistal spine 1989); the lateral faces of the carpus and (Fig. 7A-a), and the ventral margins each is merus are covered with granules or minute­ armed with 1-3 sharp spines (Fig. 7A-b). ly spinulose (Fig. 6A). When the specimens are directly compared, In the left cheliped of the new species, it is clear that the ambulatory pereopod the dorsal face of the carpus is unarmed dactyls are generally stouter and shorter in except for one dorsodistal spine (Fig. 3A), the new species (Fig. 3D for second and Fig. and the ventrolateral margin of the merus is 3F, 4A for third pereopods) than in P. lewin­ armed with only one large subdistal spine sohni (Fig. 7A, B for second and Fig. 7C-E and several tiny spines (Fig. 3C). However, for third).

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Fig. 6. Pylopaguropsis lewinsohni McLaughlin and Haig, 1989: A, D, paratype, £, SL = 3.00 mm, Indonesia, AHF 754; B, C, £, SL = 2.35 mm, Tonga Isls., Oceania, USNM 1012620. A, right cheliped, lateral. Left cheliped: B, mesial (slightly dorsal view); C, merus and ischium, lateral; arrows "a" and "b" indicate row of sharp spines on carpal dorsal face and row of well-developed spines on ventrolateral margin of merus, respectively. D, telson, dorsal. Scales equal 1 mm.

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Fig. 7. Pylopaguropsis lewinsohni McLaughlin and Haig, 1989: A, paratype, -?-, SL = 3.00 mm, Indonesia, AHF 754; B-E, £, SL = 2.35 mm, Tonga Isls., Oceania, USNM 1012620. Second left pereopod: A, lateral; B, dactyl and propodus, mesial; arrows "a" and "b" indicate unarmed ventrolateral margin and spines on ventral margin, respectively, of merus. C, left third pereopod, dactyl and distal portion of propodus, mesial; D, right third pereopod, dactyl and propodus, lateral; E, same, dactyl and distal portion of propodus, mesial. Scales equal 1 mm.

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Although the left posterior lobe of the tel- and Sports of Japan awarded to Akira son is armed with 10-13 small spines in the Asakura, and NSF (grants DEB-0196049 and new species (Fig. IH), it is armed with 4-6 OCE-0221382) and University of Florida larger spines in P. lewinsohni (Fig. 6D, see Research Opportunity Fund awarded to also Fig. 13f in McLaughlin & Haig, 1989). Gustav Paulay. In its color pattern and morphology, the new species is also quite similar to Pylopaguropsis keijii. The two species both Literature Cited have purple or deep magenta left chelipeds Alcock, A., 1905. Catalogue of the Indian deca­ and ambulatory pereopods. However, in P. pod Crustacea in the collections of the Indian keijii, the ocular and antennal acicles have Museum. Part II. Anomura. Fasc. I, distinct longitudinal stripes (see Fig. 6A in Pagurides. xi + 197 pp., 16 pis. Indian Museum, Calcutta. Asakura, 2000), which are lacking in the new Asakura, A., 2000. A review of Japanese species species (Fig. 5), although they both have a of Pylopaguropsis Alcock, 1905 (Decapoda: purple to deep magenta color. Further, the Anomura: Paguridae). Research, right cheliped of the new species is fawn-col­ 29: 70-108. ored, but the right cheliped is purple to deep Henderson, J. R., 1893. A contribution to Indian magenta color in P. keijii. carcinology. Transactions of the Linnean These two species are separated by the Society of London, series 2, Zoology, 5: 325- 458, pis. 36-40. morphology of the right third pereopod. In , 1896. No. 24. Report on the Paguridae P. keijii, the propodal lateral face has only collected during the season 1893-94. Natural single longitudinal sulcus (see Fig. 3d in history notes from H. M. 'Investigator' McLaughlin & Haig, 1989 and Fig. 7F in Commander C. F. Old-ham, R. N., command­ Asakura, 2000). ing - Series II. Journal of the Asiatic Society Distribution. — Currently known only of Bengal, 65:516-536. from the Marquesas and Tuamotu archipela­ McLaughlin, P. A., 1974. The hermit crabs (Crustacea, Decapoda, Paguridae) of north­ goes of French Polynesia. western North America. Zoologische Verhandelingen, 130:1-396. , 1997. Crustacea Decapoda: Hermit Acknowledgements crabs of the family Paguridae from the The first author deeply indebted to Drs. KARUBAR Cruise in Indonesia. In: A. Rafael Lemaitre and Christopher Tudge Crosnier & P. Bouchet, (eds.), Resultats des (USNM) and Dr. Diana S. Jones and Melissa Campagnes MUSORSTOM, Volume 16. Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire Hewitt (WAM) for the hospitality, kindness naturelle, Paris, 172: 433-572. manifested and facilitating study of their col­ , 2000. Crustacea Decapoda: lections during his stay in their respective Filhol and Solitariopagurus museums. Rafael Lemaitre and Williams Tiirkay (Paguridae), from the New Keel cataloged the holotype of the new Caledonian area, Vanuatu and the Marquesas: species in USNM. Thanks are also due to new records, new species. In: A. Crosnier, Dr. Joel Martin and George Davis, Natural (ed.), Resultats des Campagnes MUSORSTOM, volume 21. Memoires du History Museum of Los Angeles County, for Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, the loan of the type material of 184: 389-414. Pylopaguropsis lewinsohni. The first author , & Haig, J., 1989. On the status of thanks J. Slapcinsky (UF) for the loan of the Pylopaguropsis zebra (Henderson), P. magni- specimens. This work was partly supported manus (Henderson), and Galapagurus tee- by the Smithsonian Short-term Visiting vanus Boone, with descriptions of seven new Scientist Program and a Grant-in-Aid for species of Pylopaguropsis (Crustacea: Scientific Research C (No. 14540654) from Anomura: Paguridae). Micronesica, 22: 123- 171. the Ministry of Education, Science, Culture , & de Saint Laurent, M., 1998. A new

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A NEW SPECIES OF PYLOPAGUROPSIS

genus for four species of hermit crabs former­ ly assigned to the genus . Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 111: 158-187. Poupin, J., 2002 (onwards). Internet Database of Crustacea (Decapoda and Stomatopoda), mainly from the French Polynesian Islands. At http://decapoda.ecole-navale.fr/index.php and http://decapoda.free.fr. Wass, M. L, 1963. New species of hermit crabs (Decapoda, Paguridae) from the western Atlantic. Crustaceana, 6:133-157.

Address: (AA) Natural History Museum and Institute, Chiba, 955-2, Aoba-cho, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8682, Japan; (GP) Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-7800, USA E-mail: (AA) asakura@chiba-muse. or. jp ; (GP) [email protected]