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Universidad De Guayaquil Facultad De Ciencias Químicas UNIVERSIDAD DE GUAYAQUIL FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS QUÍMICAS MODALIDAD: (INVESTIGACIÓN) TEMA: ESTUDIO FARMACOGNOSTICO Y FITOQUÍMICO PRELIMINAR DE LAS HOJAS DE Smilax purhampuy. TRABAJO DE TITULACIÓN PRESENTADO COMO REQUISITO PREVIO PARA OPTAR POR EL GRADO DE QUÍMICAS FARMACÉUTICAS AUTORAS: ADRIANA ARACELLY PARRALES CRUZ JENNIFER LILIBETH VILLAMAR LEON TUTOR: Dr. QF OSWALDO PESANTES DOMÍNGUEZ. M.Sc GUAYAQUIL – ECUADOR 2018 FACULTAD: CIENCIAS QUÍMICAS CARRERA: QUÍMICA Y FARMACIA UNIDAD DE TITULACIÓN REPOSITORIO NACIONAL EN CIENCIA Y TECNOLOGÍA FICHA DE REGISTRO DE TESIS/TRABAJO DE GRADUACIÓN TÍTULO Y SUBTÍTULO: ESTUDIO FARMACOGNOSTICO Y FITOQUÍMICO PRELIMINAR DE LAS HOJAS DE Smilax purhampuy. AUTOR(ES) (apellidos/nombres): PARRALES CRUZ ADRIANA ARACELLY VILLAMAR LEON JENNIFER LILIBETH REVISOR(ES)/TUTOR(ES) Q.F LAURA VALDEZ LOPÉZ M.Sc. (REVISORA) (apellidos/nombres): Dr. Q.F OSWALDO PESANTES DOMÍNGUEZ (TUTOR) INSTITUCIÓN: UNIVERSIDAD DE GUAYAQUIL UNIDAD/FACULTAD: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS QUÍMICAS MAESTRÍA/ESPECIALIDAD: QUÍMICA Y FARMACIA GRADO OBTENIDO: TERCER NIVEL-QUÍMICAS FARMACEUTICAS FECHA DE PUBLICACIÓN: 11 de Septiembre del 2018 No. DE PÁGINAS: 76 ÁREAS TEMÁTICAS: INVESTIGACION FITOQUIMICA PALABRAS CLAVES/ KEYWORDS: Smilax purhampuy, tamizaje fitoquímico, perfil lipídico. RESUMEN/ABSTRACT (150-250 palabras): El presente trabajo de investigación tiene como objetivo establecer la composición mediante el estudio Fitoquímico y Farmacognóstico de extractos en las hojas de Smilax purhampuy. Los parámetros de calidad fueron realizados en el Laboratorio de Productos Naturales de la Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, se reportaron los siguientes resultados: 12.33% humedad, 7.94% cenizas totales, 0.03% cenizas insolubles en ácido clorhídrico, 6.91% cenizas solubles en agua y 10.63% en alcohol. El tamizaje fitoquímico cualitativo manifestó contenido de azúcares reductores, aceites y grasas, fenoles-taninos, triterpenos-esteroides, saponinas y alcaloides. La determinación de iones metálicos se efectuó empleando el método cuantitativo AOAC 965.09, AOAC 986.15; obteniendo 26.60% manganeso, 6.45% cobre y 2.24% sodio, estos minerales en pequeñas trazas son importantes como componentes de los tejidos corporales. Finalmente se evaluó el perfil lipídico mediante el método AOCS Ce 1B-89 indicando lo siguiente: 0.86% ácido láurico, 4.58% ácido mirístico, 24.70% acido palmítico, 10.30% acido palmítico (cis-9), 32.05% ácido oleico (cis-9), 14.54% ácido linoleico (cis), al igual que un total 10.57% de omega 3 (ácido linolénico), 14.54% de omega 6 (ácido linoleico) y 43.84% de omega 9 (ácido oleico), siendo este último contribuyente en los procesos antiinflamatorios. ADJUNTO PDF: x SI NO CONTACTO CON AUTOR/ES: Teléfono: 0960634976 E-mail: [email protected] ; 0980324862 [email protected] CONTACTO CON LA Nombre: SEDE CIENCIAS QUIMICAS INSTITUCIÓN: Teléfono: 042293680 E-mail: www.fcq.ug.ec i AGRADECIMIENTOS Agradezco a Dios en primer lugar, por darme vida, salud y sabiduría a lo largo de mis estudios y poder culminar esta hermosa carrera de Química y Farmacia. Mi agradecimiento a mi tutor el, Dr. Q.F Oswaldo Pesantes Domínguez. M.Sc, por el tiempo y atención brindada, a mis maestros por su dedicación a impartir sus cátedras en las que se convirtieron en nuestro ejemplo a seguir y así formarnos como unos buenos profesionales. A mis padres Adán Parrales Baque, Aracelly Cruz López que sin ellos no hubiera logrado una meta más en mi vida profesional, gracias por su apoyo moral y entusiasmo que me brindaron para salir adelante en mis propósitos. Por el tiempo que estuvieron conmigo compartiendo sus experiencias, conocimientos y consejos por todo esto gracias. Adriana Aracelly Parrales Cruz ii AGRADECIMIENTOS Mi mayor agradecimiento en esta etapa de mi vida es en primer lugar para Dios, sin sus fuerzas y sabiduría brindada a través de mí día a día, no me hubiese sido posible llegar a alcanzar esta meta tan importante y formativa, agradezco también a mi Tutor el Dr. QF Oswaldo Pesantes Domínguez. M.Sc por haber sido nuestro guía, por el aporte de sus conocimientos y recursos para el desarrollo de mi trabajo. Agradezco profunda y sinceramente a mis padres, Gloria Leon Anchundia y Gabriel Villamar de la Cruz, por haberme aconsejado por su amor, por ser el apoyo incondicional mi mayor motivación de superación a seguir adelante, a mi padrino Ab. Alberto Morán por haber depositado su confianza, por sus consejos y por haber creído en mí. Sin duda alguna también agradezco a mis pocos pero grandes amigos por formar parte de esta experiencia de la vida, por compartir momentos de estudio y recreación, a mis docentes por la paciencia y conocimientos brindados, durante mi formación como profesional por compartir consejos y sus experiencias laborales, gracias al Q.F Joffre Basurto por su colaboración en la recolección de la muestra vegetal de este estudio. Jennifer Lilibeth Villamar Leon iii ÍNDICE RESUMEN ..................................................................................................................... ix ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................... x INTRODUCCIÓN ........................................................................................................... 1 CAPÍTULO I. ................................................................................................................. 3 I.1 PLANTEAMIENTO DEL PROBLEMA ................................................ 3 I.2 FORMULACIÓN DEL PROBLEMA .................................................... 3 I.3 HIPÓTESIS ........................................................................................ 3 I.4 OBJETIVO GENERAL ....................................................................... 4 I.5 OBJETIVOS ESPECÍFICOS .............................................................. 4 I.6 JUSTIFICACIÓN E IMPORTANCIA ................................................... 5 CAPÍTULO II. ................................................................................................................. 6 MARCO TEÓRICO ........................................................................................................ 6 II.1 Antecedentes de la Investigación ....................................................... 6 II.2 Familia Smilacaceae .......................................................................... 7 II.2.1 Género Smilax ............................................................................ 8 II.2.2 Composición química del género Smilax ..................................... 9 II.3 Ácidos Grasos .................................................................................. 10 II.4 Métodos de extracción ..................................................................... 11 II.4.1 Extracción Soxhlet .................................................................... 12 II.5 Actividad antiinfamatoria del género Smilax ..................................... 12 II.6 Espectrometría de Absorción Atómica ............................................. 14 II.7 Cromatografía de Gases .................................................................. 15 CAPÍTULO III. .............................................................................................................. 17 MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS ...................................................................... 17 III.1 Tipo de Investigación ....................................................................... 17 iv III.1.1 Variables de la Investigación ..................................................... 17 III.2 Equipos, Materiales y Reactivos ...................................................... 18 III.2.1 Equipos ..................................................................................... 18 III.2.2 Aparatos ................................................................................... 18 III.2.3 Materiales ................................................................................. 18 III.2.4 Reactivos .................................................................................. 19 III.3 Estudio Farmacognóstico de Smilax purhampuy R. ......................... 20 III.3.1 Recolección y Selección del Material Vegetal ........................... 20 III.4 Métodos de percepción de las hojas ................................................ 20 III.4.1 Evaluación Macromorfología ..................................................... 20 III.4.2 Características organolépticas .................................................. 21 III.5 Secado, Molida y Almacenamiento .................................................. 21 III.6 Determinación de los Parámetros de Calidad de la Muestra. Métodos físico-químicos ............................................................................................... 21 III.6.1 Determinación del contenido de humedad residual. Método gravimétrico ................................................................................................ 22 III.6.2 Determinación de Cenizas totales ............................................. 23 III.6.3 Determinación de cenizas insolubles en ácido clorhídrico ......... 24 III.6.4 Determinación de sustancias solubles ...................................... 25 III.7 Estudio fitoquímico de Smilax purhampuy R. ................................... 26 III.7.1 Identificación de metabolitos secundarios por tamizaje fitoquímico 26 III.7.2 Extracción, del aceite a partir de la hoja de Smilax purhampuy R. 33 III.7.3 Análisis de las Propiedades fisicoquímicas
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