Polymer Journal

Development of Fluorinated Polymeric Fluoroalkanoyl peroxide is convenient for the synthesis of a wide variety of fluoroalkyl Functional Materials Using Fluorinated end-capped vinylsilane, acrylate, and methacrylate oligomers with carbon–carbon bond Organic Peroxide as Key Material formation. These fluorinated oligomers were applied to surface modification of tradi- tional organic polymers to exhibit a surface active characteristic imparted by fluorine. H. SAWADA The oligomers form nanometer size-controlled self-assembled molecular aggregates with the agregation of terminal fluoroalkyl segments in aqueous and organic media. [Award Accounts: SPSJ Mitsubishi The fluorinated aggregates provide suitable host moieties to interact with guest mole- Chemical Award (2006)] cules. Vol. 39, No. 7, pp 637–650 (2007) O O

RF-C-OO-C-RF 2RF + 2CO2

RF + M RF-M (n-1)M RF-(M)n-1 -M

RF or (2RFCOO)2 RF-(M)n-RF [RF = fluoroalkyl group]

Self-assembly /Guest molecules RF RF n R R F F Guest RF-(M)n-RF RF R Guest F Guest Guest Guest Guest RF RF RFRF RFRF : Guest molecules Self-assembled Fluorinated Oligomeric Aggregates/ Polymer surface Guest Molecules Nanocomposites

Poly(1-n-octadecylpyrrole) Films with Poly(1-n-octadecylpyrrole) films with ‘Needle’-like Morphology ‘needle’-like morphology were synthe- sized electrochemically at an applied po- H. YAN,Y.HATTORI,J.FUJISATO, tential of 9,000 mV vs. Ag/AgCl. The and N. TOSHIMA films were electrochemically inactive, and showed electrical conductivity of [Short Communication] ca. 1 Â 10À5 ScmÀ1. Vol. 39, No. 7, pp 652–653 (2007)

Preparation of Polyimide-Silica Nano- The polyamic acid solutions prepared composites from Nanoscale Colloidal from pyromellitic anhydride (PMDA) Silica and 4,4-oxydianiline (ODA) were blend- ed directly with a commercial nanoscale J.-W. HUANG, Y.-L. WEN, colloidal silica sol, and converted to C.-C. KANG, and M.-Y. YEH polyimides (PIs)/silica nanocomposite films. The nanoscale silica particles were [Regular Article] dispersed well in PI and the nanocompo- Vol. 39, No. 7, pp 654–658 (2007) site films showed fairly good optical transparency up to 30 wt % of silica con- tent. These PI/silica nanocomposite films exhibited better mechanical prop- erties, higher glass transition tempera- ture (Tg), better thermal stability and lower coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) with increasing silica content.

Polym. J., Vol. 39, No. 7, 2007 Polymer Journal

Photoinduced Holographic Gratings in The photoinduced holographic grating recording in poly(amideimide)s containing azo- Azobenzene-Functionalized Poly(amide- benzene moiety as side group were studied. Polymers differ in their backbone structure imide)s and in position in which azobenzene group is attached to polymer chain. The highest values of diffraction efficiencies showed polymer with azobenzene chromophores at- E. SCHAB-BALCERZAK,A.SOBOLEWSKA, tached between amide linkages to polymer. The faster grating recording rates were ob- A. MINIEWICZ,J.JURUSIK, served for polymers with four methyl substituents in the backbone. The formation of and B. JARZABEK SRG was observed.

[Regular Article] O O Vol. 39, No. 7, pp 659–669 (2007) O H H O C C C N N C N Ar N C C n O O hν ∆ or hν 1

Formation of -Phase Crystalline Struc- Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) nanofibers were prepared by electrospray deposition ture of PVDF Nanofiber by Electrospray (ESD). The addition of ionic fluorinated surfactants influenced morphology, diameter, Deposition: Additive Effect of Ionic Fluo- and crystalline structure of PVDF nanofiber. Particularly, complete -phase structure rinated Surfactant of PVDF nanofiber was formed during ESD by adding ionic fluorinated surfactants.

M. NASIR,H.MATSUMOTO, (a) (b) β-phase M. MINAGAWA,A.TANIOKA, T. DANNO, and H. HORIBE as-deposited PVDF + IPA as-deposited PVDF [Regular Article] + anionic surfactant β -phase as-deposited PVDF + water

Vol. 39, No. 7, pp 670–674 (2007) Intensity (a.u) Intensity (a.u) α-phase as-deposited PVDF α-phase + cationic surfactant

as-deposited PVDF as-deposited PVDF

10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 2 θ 2 θ

Triarylamine-Bearing Poly(1,4-phenyl- Poly[2-fbis(4-methoxyphenyl)amino}phenyl]-5-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinyl- enevinylene): Facile Preparation and Its ene] with high-molecular weight was prepared by the Gilch polycondensation. The Durable Aminium Polyradical polymer showed a reversible redox attributed to the pendant arylamine moiety and afforded the corresponding aminium polyradical with an appreciable life-time under T. KURATA, Y.-J. PU, and H. NISHIDE ambient conditions. The polyradical was in the high-spin state with an average spin quantum number of S ¼ 3=2 at low temperature. Its film formability would allow [Regular Article] application of the polyradical to device formation. Vol. 39, No. 7, pp 675–683 (2007)

Ar Ar N ArN Ar Ar N Ar Ar N Ar Gilch Cl polycondn Cl

Ar = OCH 3 S = 3/2

Polym. J., Vol. 39, No. 7, 2007 Polymer Journal

Effects of Static and Dynamic Forces on Scanning viscoelasticity microscopy enables one to gain insights into local viscoelastic Surface Viscoelastic Response of Polymer properties at polymer surfaces. We have examined an effect of tip modulation manner Films in Scanning Viscoelasticity Micros- on surface viscoelastic response in polystyrene films. If dynamic and/or static forces copy were/was ill-chosen, non-lineariry of viscoelastic response became dominant. On the contrary, if they were appropriately adjusted, linear viscoelastic measurement could K. AKABORI,K.TANAKA,N.SATOMI, be realized in the frequency range more than 2 decades. This lead to traditional rheo- T. NAGAMURA,A.TAKAHARA, logical analysis even at the surface. and T. KAJIYAMA Increasing frequency [Regular Article] 1. 10 Hz 2. 40 Hz 1 2 3 4 5 6 Vol. 39, No. 7, pp 684–689 (2007) 3. 100 Hz Modulation 4. 400 Hz 5. 1 kHz Tip 6. 4 kHz PS film

α Surface a- process Surface phase lag / a.u.

260 280 300 320 340 360 380 Temperature/K

Synthesis and Properties of Helical Poly- A helical poly(macromonomer) [poly(M-PMMA)] with a polyacetylene main chain (macromonomer) Consisting of Polyacet- and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) side chains was synthesized by the polymer- ylene Main Chain and Poly(methyl meth- ization of an acetylene-terminated PMMA macromonomer (M-PMMA) in the presence acrylate) Side Chains of a Rh catalyst. M-PMMA was synthesized with a chiral acetylene-containing initiator 2-bromo-2-methylpropionic acid (S)-1-methylpropargyl ester (l) by atom transfer radi- M. SHIOTSUKI,W.ZHANG, cal polymerization (ATRP) of methyl methacrylate. Poly(M-PMMA) exhibited strong and T. MASUDA CD effects at around 350–357 nm, indicating that it possessed a predominantly one- handed helical conformation. Poly(M-PMMA) had stable helical conformation irre- [Regular Article] spective of solvents and temperature. Vol. 39, No. 7, pp 690–695 (2007) CH3 H2C C O O O CH3 O Rh cat Br n O Br O m O Br ATRP 30 oC, 24 h O m 1 O O O O

M-PMMA poly(M-PMMA) helical poly(macromonomer)

Studies on the Thermal Properties and A novel epoxy resin modifier, phosphorus-containing epoxide siloxane (PES), was syn- Flame Retardancy of Epoxy Resins thesized by the ring-opening reaction of epoxy-siloxane with 9, 10-dihydro-9-oxa- Modified with Polysiloxane Containing 10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide. PES was employed to modify an epoxy resin using Organophosphorus and Epoxide Groups 4, 40-diaminodiphenylmethane as curing agent. The thermal, thermomechanical, and flame-retardant properties of all cured samples were investigated by differential scan- M. HOU,W.LIU,Q.SU, and Y. LIU ning calorimetry, dynamic mechanical analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, limited oxygen index, and cone calorimetry. The results showed that the epoxy resins modified [Regular Article] with PES exhibited excellent thermal properties and flame retardancy. Vol. 39, No. 7, pp 696–702 (2007) CH3 CH3 CH3 CH3

CH3 Si O Si O Si OSiCH3 H2C CHCH2OCH2CH CH2 n m CH3 CH3 H CH3 O

CH3 CH3 CH3 CH3 CH3 H2PtCl6 DOPO CH3 Si O Si O Si O Si O Si CH3 Toluene TPP,Toluene n x y CH CH3 CH3 C3H6 C3H6 3

CH2 CH CH2 O O R CH CH CH CH CH CH O R: 2 2 2 2 P O OH or OH P O O O PES

Polym. J., Vol. 39, No. 7, 2007 Polymer Journal

Structure and Properties of Low-Substi- The edge view WAXD pattern showed tuted Hydroxypropylcellulose Films and (1110 ) arc on the equator and (110) arc Fibers Regenerated from Aqueous So- on the meridian. On the other hand, the (110) dium Hydroxide Solution through view WAXD pattern was miss- ing the (1110 ) reflection, whereas rather (110) M. KIYOSE,E.YAMAMOTO, strong (110) and (020) doublet rings C. YAMANE,T.MIDORIKAWA, were visible. Thus, it could be concluded and T. TAKAHASHI that the (1110 ) planes of the LHPC crys- tals was preferentially oriented parallel [Regular Article] to the film surface. A complicated multi- Vol. 39, No. 7, pp 703–711 (2007) cellular structure containing pores of widely varying sizes was observed in SEM micrograph of the side surface of LHPC film.

Edge view WAXD pattern of press-dried Low-Substituted Hydroxypropylcellulose LHPC film: film was placed parallel to the beam stopper.

Preparations of Aromatic Diamine The synthesis of a novel aromatic diamine compound containing phosphorylcholine Monomers and Copolyamides Containing (PC) group was carried out to prepare aromatic copolyamides with PC moiety. The ob- Phosphorylcholine Moiety and the Bio- tained copolyamides exhibited the high thermal stability, and also the excellent bio- compatibility of Copolyamides compatibility even though the PC content was around 20 mol %. Therefore, the intro- duction of PC group in the side chain of aromatic polyamide was effective to develop Y. NAGASE,M.OKU,Y.IWASAKI, the biocompatibility, which would be due to the surface property covered with polar and K. ISHIHARA PC units. [Regular Article] Vol. 39, No. 7, pp 712–721 (2007) H H C C N N O O n

CO O CH3 + OCH2CH2OPOCH2CH2N CH3 - O CH3 a) Polyamide without PC unit. b) Polyamide with PC unit. Fig. SEM pictures of polymer film surfaces after contact with PRP.

Crystallization Behavior of Polypropyl- A novel method was employed to modi- ene Filled with Modified Carbon Black fy the surface of carbon black (CB) by organic small molecules. The results J. CHEN,X.LI, and C. WU were shown that organic small mole- PP/1%CB cules were grafted onto the surface of PP/1%MCB [Regular Article] modified CB (MCB) and the particle size PP Vol. 39, No. 7, pp 722–730 (2007) of MCB reduced markedly. Then it was EXO found both CB and MCB can influence the crystallization behavior of polypro- pylene (PP). However, MCB accelerated the crystallization rate and increased the crystallization peak temperature of PP 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 more evidently than CB did. Temperature (°C)

Synthesis and Property of Poly(arylene Poly(arylene sulfone)s containing 9,9-diarylfluorene moieties in the main chain were sulfone)s Containing 9,9-Diarylfluorene synthesized via the oxidation of poly(arylene thioether)s with hydrogen peroxide in Moiety in the Main Chain formic acid.

S. SEESUKPHRONRARAK and T. TAKATA O O S S S Ar S Ar [Regular Article] H2O2 O R R O Vol. 39, No. 7, pp 731–736 (2007) R HCOOH R

Polym. J., Vol. 39, No. 7, 2007 Polymer Journal

Micromorphology Memory in Amphi- Thin film of polyfpeptide-block-ethyl- philic Polypeptides ene oxide (EG)-block-peptide} formed multi-spherulites which melted upon T. KANEKO,T.SHIMOKURI, heating but recrystallized by successive S. TANAKA, and M. AKASHI cooling, thereby changing the spherulite interface morphology. The water-im- 30oC [Regular Article] mersion of recrystallized films recover- Vol. 39, No. 7, pp 737–744 (2007) ed the once-disappeared spherulite mor- 70oC phologies under the control of the pep- tide-block conformation.

30oC in water

30oC

Polymer Possessing Diaza-18-crown 6- Reactions of N-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)pyridinium chloride with 4,13-diaza-18-crown 6- Ether Linked by -Conjugated Amino- ether (DA18C6) and piperadine gave polymer-1 and polymer-2 that were consisted penta-2,4-dienylidene Groups Generated of the 5-alkane-penta-2,4-dienylideneammonium chloride unit. The corresponding by Ring-opening of Pyridinium Ring model compounds were also obtained. The 1H NMR spectra suggested that the - electrons of the penta-2,4-dienylideneammonium group of the polymers and model I. YAMAGUCHI,S.SHINGAI, compounds were delocalized. The electric conductivity measurements indicated that and M. SATO the DA18C6 of polymer-1 was able to include Agþ in solution. The polymers and model compounds were electrochemically active in solutions, as revealed by cyclic [Note] voltammetry. Vol. 39, No. 7, pp 745–748 (2007) 1.0 M = K 0.8 -1 0.6 /Scm

-3 M = Ag equivalence point 10 0.4 σ× 0.2

0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1.0

MClO4/ mmol

Polym. J., Vol. 39, No. 7, 2007