Mississippi State University Scholars Junction
Theses and Dissertations Theses and Dissertations
1-1-2008
A Faunistic Survey Of Native Bees In The Mississippi Black Belt Prairie
Beverly A. McGee
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A FAUNISTIC SURVEY OF NATIVE BEES IN THE
MISSISSIPPI BLACK BELT PRAIRIE
By
Beverly A. McGee Smith
A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Mississippi State University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Entomology in the Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology
Mississippi State University
May 2008
A FAUNISTIC SURVEY OF NATIVE BEES IN
THE MISSISSIPPI BLACK BELT PRAIRIE
By
Beverly A. McGee Smith
Approved:
______Richard L. Brown Gerald T. Baker Professor of Entomology Professor of Entomology (Director of Thesis) (Director of Thesis)
______William E. Batson Blake Layton Professor of Plant Pathology, Retired Extension Cotton Specialist (Committee Member) (Committee Member)
______Clarence H. Collison Vance Watson Head and Graduate Coordinator Dean of the College of Agriculture Department of Entomology and Plant and Life Sciences Pathology (Committee Member) Name: Beverly A. McGee Smith
Date of Degree: May 3, 2008
Institution: Mississippi State University
Major Field: Entomology
Major Professors: Dr. Richard L. Brown Dr. Gerald T. Baker
Title of Study: A FAUNISTIC SURVEY OF NATIVE BEES IN THE MISSISSIPPI BLACK BELT PRAIRIE
Pages in Study: 164
Candidate for Degree of Master of Science
This research presents the results of a bee survey (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) in remnants of the Mississippi Black Belt Prairie, a unique physiographical region that is a threatened community covering 14,141 square kilometers in both
Mississippi and Alabama. Sampling was performed with sweep nets and
Malaise traps. A total of 151 visits were made to several prairie remnant areas during the years 1999 – 2001 with 92 Malaise trap samples. Historical bee collection data from these prairies were incorporated into this survey. A total of
6,140 specimens resulting in 107 species, 51 new state records and eight disjunct species were collected within five bee families: Colletidae, Andrenidae,
Halictidae, Megachilidae and Apidae. The most abundant species belonged to
the Halictidae. The most common floral families visited were Asteraceae and Fabaceae. The addition of the species in this survey brings the state list of bees to at least 204.
Key words: Apoidea, bees, Black Belt Prairie, floral hosts
DEDICATION
I would like to dedicate this research to the many people who have continually given me the encouragement to persist. I want to especially dedicate this to my family, who are the very core of my life.
ii
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The author expresses her sincere gratitude to the many people whom
without their attention, this thesis could not have been accomplished. First and foremost, I want to thank Dr. Clarence Collison, Head of the Department of
Entomology and Plant Pathology. Without his persistence, this thesis would
never have materialized. I want to thank my major professors, Dr. Gerald T.
Baker and Dr. Richard L. Brown, for their guidance in my study. Also,
appreciation is given to two other committee members, Dr. Blake Layton and Dr.
William Batson. I wish to acknowledge Joseph (Joe) MacGown for providing his property in Sessums to conduct part of my research and his friendship. I want to acknowledge the assistance of the late Dr. Matthew MacGown, who was invaluable to me as a hymenopterist. The Curator of the Mississippi
Entomological Museum, Terrence (Terry) Schiefer, helped and advised me on
many occasions. Appreciation is given to JoVonn Hill for his assistance in
formatting my map. Several specialists have given valuable assistance and
provided or confirmed identifications of bees: Charles Michener (University of
iii Kansas), Wallace LaBerge (Illinois Natural History Survey), Robert Brooks
(Kansas, USA), Michael Engel (University of Kansas), Terry Griswold (USDA Bee
Biology and Systematics Laboratory, Logan, Utah), and Molly Rightmeyer,
(postdoctoral, Smithsonian). Thank you, Drs. Engel and Michener, for reviewing
my annotated list for accuracy within the families. Dr. Michener has provided
encouragement and assistance over the years, and I count it a privilege to know him.
iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
DEDICATION ...... ii
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ...... iii
LIST OF TABLES...... vii
LIST OF FIGURES...... viii
CHAPTER
I. INTRODUCTION ...... 1
II. METHODOLOGY...... 6
III. RESULTS ...... 11
Diversity and Seasonality of Native Bees...... 11 Diversity of Floral Hosts ...... 12 Distributional Records of Native Bees ...... 13 Annotated Checklist of Native Bees...... 14
IV. DISCUSSION...... 80
Diversity of native bees in the Black Belt Prairie...... 80 Floral hosts...... 81
REFERENCES CITED...... 85
v APPENDIX
A FLORAL HOSTS WITH ASSOCIATED NATIVE BEES IN REMNANTS OF THE MISSISSIPPI BLACK BELT PRAIRIE WITH NUMBERS OF SPECIMENS COLLECTED ON EACH HOST FAMILY AND SPECIES...... 108
B NATIVE BEE DATA IN REMNANTS OF THE MISSISSIPPI BLACK BELT PRAIRIE ...... 121
vi
LIST OF TABLES
1 Number of field visits (v) and malaise trap (m) collections in Black Belt Prairie remnants in Oktibbeha County and Lowndes County during 1991‐2001, with principal survey beginning in June, 1999 ...... 90
2 List of bees in Mississippi, based on Michener (1947), LaBerge (1956) Mitchell (1960, 1962), MacGown and Schiefer (1992), Cane et al., (1996) and this survey, with species in Black Belt Prairie indicated by asterisk, new state records by “NSR”, and disjunct species from the Great Plains and western states by “DS”...... 91
vii
LIST OF FIGURES
1 Map of Mississippi Black Belt Prairie area (insert) with collection sites labeled within the appropriate county area (enlarged) which are historical priaire sites ...... 98
2 Colletidae flight activity in remnants of the Mississippi Black Belt Prairie during years 1991‐2001 according to specimens collected...... 99
3 Andrenidae flight activity in remnants of the Mississippi Black Belt Prairie during years 1991‐2001 according to specimens collected...... 100
4 Halictidae flight activity in remnants of the Mississippi Black Belt Prairie during years 1991‐2001 according to specimens collected...... 101
5 Megachilidae flight activity in remnants of the Mississippi Black Belt Prairie during years 1991‐2001 according to specimens collected...... 102
6 Apidae flight activity in remnants of the Mississippi Black Belt Prairie during years 1991‐2001 according to specimens collected...... 103
7 Periods when bees were collected from flowering hosts. Months divided into period I for first 15 days and period II for remainder. Gray bars indicate intervening periods when bees were not collected...... 104
viii
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) occur throughout the world and are the most important pollinators of entomophilous plants (Linsley, 1958; Baker and Hurd, 1968; Michener, 2007). Apoidea includes 17,533 species in seven families worldwide, of which more than 3,600 species in six families occur in
North America north of Mexico (Poole, 1996).
Knowledge of the bee fauna in Mississippi and the southeastern
United States is based primarily on Mitchell (1960, 1962), who reported 123 species from Mississippi. This faunal list was based primarily on Michener
(1947) who recorded 95 species based on collections during 1943 – 1944 when he served the military at Camp Shelby near Hattiesburg, MS. A survey of selected insects in the Black Belt Prairie during 1991 – 1999 resulted in the collection of several additional species, including Tetraloniella albata, a species that is disjunct from western states (MacGown and Schiefer, 1992). Surveys of bees in other southeastern United States have been limited. Bartholomew et al.
(2006) provided a list of 125 species from longleaf pine savannahs in Louisiana 1
and Mississippi, with the Mississippi records based on Michener (1947). In
Florida surveys of the bee fauna of the Everglades National Park (Pascarella et al.,
1999) and Archbold Biological Station (Deyrup et al., 2002) resulted in 104 and
113 species, respectively.
The late Dr. George C. Eickwort was involved as a scientific collaborator in a faunal study of selected insects in the midsouth during 1990 – 1994 in an inventory supported by the National Science Foundation. His letter of collaboration stated that ʺvery little is known about the bee fauna in the
Mississippi and Alabama area.ʺ He further stated that these areas are the most poorly collected areas of the United States, and they are important in determining the range limits of northeastern, midwestern, and southern coastal plain species.
An area of particular interest for faunistic surveys of insects has been the
Black Belt Prairie of Mississippi and Alabama because of the presence of many localized, disjunct, and endemic species (Brown, 2003). The Black Belt Prairie extends from McNairy Co., Tennessee, south across Mississippi and into Russell
Co., Alabama to form a crescent shaped physiogeographic region. The Black Belt
Prairie in Mississippi is about 240 kilometers long, north and south, up to 40 km in width, and the total area is more than 14,141 square kilometers, or 1,7000,000 acres (6,879.66 sq. km) (Lowe, 1919; Aiken, 1961; Brent, 1973; Schiefer, 1998; 2
Brown, 2003) (Figure 1). The Black Belt is formed on Demopolis and Mooreville zones of the Selma chalk (Tower, 1961; Murphree and Miller, 1976). The origin of the name ʺblack beltʺ dates to the visual observations of early pioneers who noted the dark soil that we now know is due to the abundance of organic matter
(Stauffer, 1961).
Of all the distinguishing biotic characteristics, the floral composition seems to be the most identifiable for the Black Belt Prairie. At Osborn Prairie
(also referred to as Sixteen Section Prairie) in Oktibbeha County, Mississippi,
Leidolf and McDaniel (1998) recorded 152 species of vascular plants in three plant communities: open prairie, chalk outcrops, and forest. Some species are widely distributed in the eastern United States, but are restricted to the Black Belt or Jackson Prairie in Mississippi, e.g., Agalinis auriculata (Michx.), Silphium terebinthinaceum Jacq., S. laciniatum L., and Rhamnus lanceolata Pursh. The Black
Belt also includes species that occur primarily in the Great Plains, e.g., Bouteloua curtipendula (Michx.), Agalinus oligophylla Pennell, Heliotropium tenellum (Nutt.),
Neptunia lutea (Leavenw.), Dalea candida Michx., D. purpurea Vent., Arnoglossum plantagineum Raf., Galium virgatum Nutt., Aster sericeus Vent., Evax prolifera Nutt.,
Crataegus engelmanni Sarg., and Spiranthes magnicamporum Sheviak.
The insect fauna includes 50 uncommon and localized species of moths in the open prairie habitat, of which ten occur elsewhere only in the Great Plains 3
and western states (Brown, 2003). Four species of cerambycid beetles are known
to be disjunct between the Black Belt and the Great Plains (Schiefer, 1998). Three
species of insects are known to be endemic in the Black Belt, including two
beetles, Cyclotrechelus hypherpiformis Freitag (Carabidae) and Phyllophaga davisi
Langston (Scarabaeidae), and a moth, Neodactria oktibbeha Landry and Brown
(Crambidae) (Brown, 2003).
The Black Belt Prairie and other prairies across North America have been
severely damaged by cultivation, erosion, urbanization, and fire suppression that has led to widespread establishment of Eastern Red Cedar, Juniperus virginiana L.
(Lowe, 1919; Weaver, 1954; Peacock and Schawecker, 2003). Only a small fraction of the prairie documented by early land surveys now exists as scattered remnants across Mississippi and Alabama (Barone, 2005).
This study was conducted to answer the following questions:
1) How does diversity of the bee fauna in the Black Belt Prairie compare to that in other habitats in southeastern United States that have been surveyed?
2) What taxa, families and genera, are most diverse in the Black Belt
Prairie?
3) Does the Black Belt Prairie have species of bees with disjunct distributions from the Great Plains and other regions of the United States?
4
4) Given the large number of plant species with localized or disjunct distributions, what degree of specialialized floral preferences is exhibited by bees in the Black Belt Prairie?
5
CHAPTER II
METHODOLOGY
Initial collections of bees were made during 1991 – 1999 as part of a broad
survey of selected insects in the Black Belt Prairie of north central Mississippi.
An intensive survey of bees was initiated in June 1999 and continued until
August 2001. During the latter survey most field collections were made at
Osborn Prairie, located near Osborn in Oktibbeha County, on Section 16 land,
33°30’41”N,88°44’08”W. Malaise trap samples were collected at the Osborn
Prairie and on private property near Sessums in Oktibbeha County, 33°23’31”N,
88°42’40”W. Field collections at the Osborn Prairie occurred weekly from 21
June to 21 November 1999, 18 February to 29 September 2000, and 8 March to 3
June 2001 (Table 1).
Bees also were collected during less frequent field visits to two other sites:
site 3, on Caradine/Muda Road off Hwy 47, 33°45’12”N,88°50’27”W, in Clay Co., and site 4, at the Trace unit of the Tombigbee National, Forest, 33°55’39”N
88°51’18”W, in Chickasaw County. One trip was made to the Black Belt Prairie
Wildlife Management Area, 33°38’55”N,88°54’33”W (site 5). Historical data were 6
derived from specimens collected at the Osborn Prairie, a prairie remnant near
Crawford, 33°18’01”N,88°36’38”W, in Lowndes Co. (site 6), and Rock Hill Road,
Oktibbeha Co. (site 7).
In 1999 field collections were made at Osborn Prairie on 48 days from June through November. During 2000 collecting in Osborn Prairie was initiated in
February, when plants began blooming and weather was conducive for bee activity, and continued through September for a total of 91 field days. In 2001 collections were made at Osborn Prairie on 12 days from March to June. With the exception of the 12 field visits in 2001, all other field visits were made at least three times per week for approximately four to five hours per visit, usually beginning around 6:30 AM. Due to the abundance of bees in the summer months, some dates included both morning and afternoon visits. Field visits in the afternoon usually were made for two to three hours after the intense heat of the day had diminished.
The majority of specimens were collected on flowers or with Malaise traps patterned after the Townes Malaise trap (Townes, 1972), although some were collected by sweeping vegetation. Initially, all observed bees were collected and pinned, with the exception of the non‐native honey bee, Apis mellifera L. A field log was used to record the arrival and departure times of the field visits at each site, weather conditions, e.g., cloudy or sunny, flowers in bloom, dominant bees, 7
and other notes. The ambient temperature for the beginning and ending of each visit was measured with a hand held thermometer and recorded into the field log. The high and low temperatures reported for Mississippi State University in
Climatological Data (NOAA, 1999 – 2001) were also recorded.
Weekly samples from Malaise traps were obtained at prairie remnants at
Osborn and Sessums during 24 June – 12 November 1999 and 18 February – 22
July 2000. In 2001 Malaise traps were operated only from 8 April to 3 June at
Sessums. A total of 92 Malaise trap samples were obtained from the two sites
(Table 1).
A standard 12 in (30.48 cm) sweep net was usually used to collect bees, although some bees on flowers were collected directly into a killing jar containing potassium cyanide. Sweep‐net samples were placed in larger jars, without designating hosts that were swept. Collection of bees on flowers was emphasized to obtain host data, and a series of killing jars was used to separate bees on different floral hosts. Attempts were made to observe different flowering species for equal amounts of time. No attempt was made to determine if bees collected from flowers were gathering pollen or nectar.
The handling procedure of the bees depended upon the method of collecting. Specimens collected on flowers were placed in individual petri dishes with collection data and relaxed for immediate pinning or stored in the freezer 8
for later pinning. Specimens collected in Malaise traps were removed from the
sample jars and placed in smaller vials containing 79% ethanol with the
appropriate collection data. Specimens stored in ethanol were dried before
processing. Different methods for drying specimens were used to minimize the matting of hairs by ethanol and to aid identification of species. Drying in a freezer, use of a hand‐held hair‐dryer, and air‐drying were all used with about the same rate of success. All bees were groomed for removal of excess pollen with a fine camel’s artist brush, and mandibles of many specimens were spread to aid in identification. Whenever possible, stings were pulled to aid in sexing that would be entered into the database. Ethyl acetate was suggested as an alternative killing agent to facilitate opening of mouthparts (C. Michener, personal communication); however, ethyl acetate sometimes can cause matting of the hairs on the bees, which can slow down the process of preparing the bees for pinning. An advantage of using the ethyl acetate was that it tended to relax specimens resulting in spread mandibles and causing stings, if female, to protrude. Potassium cyanide was found to be a preferable killing agent as long as the specimens were allowed to relax for manipulation of mouthparts.
Specimens were labeled with data that included county, state, locality, latitude and longitude, collector, collection method, and host plant, if known.
Each specimen was labeled with a database number (MEM #), which was entered 9
into Microsoft Excel, with identifications and collection data. Most specimens
were identified using keys from Mitchell (1960, 1962) and Michener et al. (1994).
Some were identified by comparison with species in the Mississippi
Entomological Museum previously identified by recognized authorities. Other specimens were either identified or determined by specialists listed in the acknowledgments. John McDonald, Terry Schiefer and Joe MacGown
(Mississippi State University) made confirmations of plant identifications. All bees, except those retained by collaborating systematists, and vouchers of plant hosts are housed in the Mississippi Entomological Museum at Mississippi State
University.
10
CHAPTER III
RESULTS
Diversity and Seasonality of Native Bees
This study of bees in remnants of the Black Belt Prairie of Mississippi resulted in 6,140 specimens in five families based on ramdom collections during
1991‐1999 and the concentrated survey during 1999‐2001. Of them, 3,627 specimens were identified as 107 species. Collections during 1991‐1999 included
418 specimens and 49 species, whereas 5,722 specimens and 98 species were collected during 1999‐2001. Both the historical and the latter survey shared 35 species, 11 species collected in the historical survey that were not collected in the
1999 ‐2001, and 60 species collected in the current survey that were not collected in the historical survey. The 107 species include 51 new state records, which increases the state list of bees to 204 species (Table 2).
Halictidae were the most commonly collected group, and these included
3501 specimens. Unfortunately, only 1138 specimens representing 15 species could be identified. Of the unidentified Halictidae, 2362 specimens were species
11
of Lasioglossum Curtis. Apidae included 1078 specimens representing 31 species; however, 1,032 of these specimens represented seven species of Bombus Latreille.
Megachilidae included 412 specimens identified to 29 species. Andrenidae comprised 386 specimens and 27 species, of which one is possibly undescribed
(W. Laberge, personal communication). Colletidae comprised 132 specimens representing four species.
Colletidae were active from March to November, but were most abundant during May and June (Figure 2). Andrenidae were most abundant during June and July (Figure 3). Halictidae were abundant from March through October, with most individuals collected during April – July (Figure 4). Megachilidae were most common during March to June (Figure 5). Apidae were most abundant during June – August, although relatively high numbers of individuals were collected during October (Figure 6).
Diversity of Floral Hosts
A total of 4,981 specimens representing 85 species of bees were collected from 81 species of flowers in 27 families (Appendix A). Apidae was collected from 71 species of flowers, Halictidae from 67 species, Megachilidae from 38 species, Andrenidae from 19 species, and Colletidae from 14 species.
12
Asteraceae and Fabaceae had more bee visitors than any other plant family (Appendix A). Asteraceae included 28 species of floral hosts that were visited by 44 species of bees. Species of Asteraceae with the highest number of visiting bee species included Erigeron philadelphicus L. (25 species), Rudbeckia hirta
L. (24 species), Aster L. sp. (21 species), Ratibida pinnata (Vent.) (20 species),
Packera anonyma (Wood) (17 species), and Silphum laciniatum L. (13 species).
Although collections were made from only seven species of Fabaceae, these served as floral hosts for 36 species of bees. Species of Fabaceae with the most bee visitors included Dalea purpurea Vent. (27 species), Dalea candida Michx. (17 species), Melilotus officinalis (L.) (13 species), and Neptunea lutea (Leaven.) (14 species). The single species of Rubiaceae, Stenaria nigricans (Lam.), had 28 species of bee visitors, more than any other floral host species. This high number of bee visitors may be explained by the fact that the flowering period of S. nigricans extends from April to August (Figure 6).
Distributional Records of Native Bees
This survey resulted in documentation of 51 new state records as follows:
Collectidae – Colletes inaequalis, Hylaeus sp. nr. floridanus, and Hylaeus teleporus?;
Andrenidae ‐ Andrena barbilabris, A. bisalicis, A. confederata, A. erigeniae, A. faceta,
A. gardineri, A. helianthiformis, A. ilicis, A. illinoiensis, A. macoupinensis, A. 13
melanochroa, A. microchlora, A. morrisonella, A. nasonii, A. nigrifrons, A. nothoscordi,
A. nuda, A. personata, A. sola, A. texana, A. virginiana, A. w‐scripta, and A. ziziae;
Halictidae – Lasioglossum reticulatum and Nomia nortoni; Megachilidae ‐ Coelioxys germana, C. mexicana, Heriades carinata, H. leavitti, H. pilosifrons, H. producta,
Megachile policaris, Osmia conjuncta, O. lignaria, O. pumila, Stelis labiata, and S. lateralis; Apidae ‐ Anthophora abrupta, Bombus griseocollis, Bombus variabilis,
Ceratina cockerelli, Exomalopsis asteris, Melissodes denticulata, M. wheeleri, Nomada bella, N. ovata, N. seneciophila, N. subnigrocincta, and N. vincta (Table 2).
Eight species have disjunct distributions from the Great Plains and western states (Table 2). These include: Andrena faceta, A. helianthiformis, A. microchlora, A. nothoscordi, A. sola, A. texana, A. virginiana, and Exomalopsis asteris.
Annotated Checklist of Native Bees
The following checklist of families, subfamilies and tribes follow Michener
(2007). Nomenclature of genera and species follows Griswold and Ascher (2006).
Collection sites, dates, and specimen source (including floral hosts, malaise traps, and sweeping) are given for each species. Collection dates are given as a span if specimens were collected in each month of the sampling period. Only host plants recorded for bees in the Black Belt Prairie are listed. More complete lists of host plants are provided by Mitchell (1960, 1962) and subsequent taxonomic 14
revisions of various taxa. A list of all floral hosts is provided in Appendix A.
Previously recorded distribution ranges and flight times are provided for the
United States and Canada. New state records for Mississippi and species with
disjunct distributions (present in the Black Belt Prairie and Great Plains or
western states, but not occurring in other southeastern United Staes) are also
indicated.
COLLETIDAE
Subfamily Colletinae
Colletes inaequalis Say
Sites: Oktibbeha Co. (Osborn).
Dates: 26 February.
Specimen source: Prunus angustifolia (4♂).
Recorded distribution: Georgia north to Nova Scotia and west to
Saskatchewan and Minnesota (Mitchell, 1960; Hurd, 1979).
Recorded flight time: March to July, with occasional records in the fall
(Mitchell, 1960).
Notes: New state record for Mississippi.
15
Colletes spp.
Sites: Clay Co. (Caradine/Muda Road); Lowndes Co. (Crawford);
Oktibbeha Co. (Osborn, Sessums).
Dates: 28 March, 3 May – 23 June, 30 July – 5 August, 3 October.
Specimen source: Dalea candida (8♀, 3♂), D. pupurea (18♀, 7♂),
Euphorbia corollata (1♂), Prunus mexicana (1♀), Rudbeckia hirta
(1♂), Trifolium sp. (1♀, 1♂). Sweeping (1♀, 2♂). Malaise trap
(1♀, 1♂).
Notes: Of 41 floral host records, 36 are Dalea spp.
Subfamily Hylaeinae
Hylaeus (Hylaeus) cressoni (Cockerell)
Sites: Oktibbeha Co. (Osborn, Sessums).
Dates: 24 May – 30 June.
Specimen source: Daucus carota (2♀). Sweeping (4♀). Malaise trap
(2♀).
Recorded distribution: Transcontinental from southern Canada to
northern Mexico (Hurd, 1979).
Recorded flight time: June to August (Lovell, 1911).
Hylaeus (Hylaeus) teleporus(?) (Lovell)
Site: Oktibbeha Co. (Sessums). 16
Dates: 30 April – 6 May.
Specimen source: Malaise trap (1♀).
Notes: The single specimen was identified by M. Engels as
questionably H. teleporus, a species ranging from Ontario west
to Michigan and south to North Carolina (Mitchell, 1960). If the
identity of this specimen is confirmed, this would be a new state
record.
Hylaeus (Paraprosopis) nr. floridanus (Robertson)
Sites: Oktibbeha Co. (Osborn).
Dates: 29 April – 6 May.
Specimen source: Malaise trap (1♀).
Note: The single specimen was tentatively identified by M.
Engels as near H. floridanus, a species ranging from Florida to
North Carolina and west to Michigan. If the identity of this
specimen is confirmed, this would be a new state record.
Hylaeus (Prosopis) affinis (Smith)
Sites: Oktibbeha Co. (Osborn, Sessums).
Dates: 16 April – 12 July, 1 October.
Specimen source: Asclepias viridiflora (1♀), Aster sp. (1♀), Daucus carota
(25♀), Erigeron philadelphicus (1♀), Ratibida pinnata (1♀), Rosa sp. 17
(1♀), Rudbeckia hirta (1♀), Solidago sp. (1♀). Sweeping (3♀, 1♂).
Malaise trap (4♀, 4♂).
Recorded distribution: Generally distributed through eastern Canada
and United States from New England west to Minnesota and
south to Mississippi and Georgia (Mitchell, 1960; Hurd, 1979).
Recorded flight time: April to October (Mitchell, 1960).
Notes: Of 32 floral host records, 25 are Daucus carota.
Hylaeus (Prosopis) modestus Say
Sites: Lowndes Co. (Crawford); Oktibbeha Co. (Osborn,
Sessums).
Dates: 22 April, 2 June, 27 August – 24 September.
Specimen source: Daucus carota (1♂). Erigeron philadelphicus (1♂).
Malaise trap (8♂).
Recorded distribution: Occurs throughout the entire eastern United
States and eastern Canada (Mitchell, 1960; Hurd, 1979).
Recorded flight time: May – September (Mitchell, 1960).
Hylaeus spp.
Sites: Oktibbeha Co. (Sessums).
18
Dates: 15 April – 10 June.
Specimen source: Malaise trap (17♀, 1♂).
ANDRENIDAE
Subfamily Andreninae
Andrena (Andrena) macoupinensis Robertson
Sites: Oktibbeha Co. (Osborn).
Dates: 1 April.
Specimen source: Rhus aromatica (4♂).
Recorded distribution: Southern Ontario south to Georgia, west to
British Columbia and south to California and Texas (Mitchell,
1960; Hurd, 1979; LaBerge, 1980).
Recorded flight time: March to June (Mitchell, 1960).
Notes: New state record for Mississippi.
Andrena (Callandrena) gardineri Cockerell
Sites: Oktibbeha Co. (Sessums).
Dates: 1 March – 12 May.
Specimen source: Coreopsis sp. (1♀), Erigeron philadelphicus (2♀, 3♂),
Packera anonyma (77♀, 37♂), P. obovata (1♂), Prunus angustifolia
(4♀). Sweeping (11♀, 12♂). Malaise trap (5♀).
19
Recorded distribution: Georgia north to Maryland, west to Ohio;
North Dakota south to Colorado and Texas (Mitchell, 1960;
LaBerge, 1967; Hurd, 1979).
Recorded flight time: April to June (Mitchell, 1960; LaBerge, 1967).
Notes: Of 125 floral host records, 114 are Packera anonyma. New state
record for Mississippi.
Andrena (Callandrena) helianthiformis Viereck and Cockerell
Sites: Lowndes Co. (Crawford); Oktibbeha Co. (Osborn)
Dates: 14 – 24 June.
Specimen source: Ratibida pinnata (2♀), Rudbeckia hirta (1♀).
Recorded distribution: Montana and North Dakota south to Kansas
(Hurd, 1979).
Recorded flight time: June – July (LaBerge, 1967).
Notes: New state record for Mississippi; disjunct from the Great
Plains.
Andrena (Callandrena) texana Cresson
Sites: Oktibbeha Co. (Osborn).
Dates: 4 – 11 March.
Specimen source: Malaise trap (1♀).
Recorded distribution: Texas and Mexico (LaBerge, 1967). 20
Recorded flight time: September‐November (LaBerge, 1967).
Notes: LaBerge (1967) noted that this species had been collected few
times, and the specimen from Osborn prairie represents a new
state record for this disjunct species.
Andrena (Gonandrena) nigrifrons (Cresson)
Sites: Oktibbeha Co. (Osborn, Sessums).
Dates: 12 March – 6 May.
Specimen source: Nothoscordum bivalve (12♂), Rhus aromatica (1♀, 10♂).
Malaise trap (1♀, 6♂).
Recorded distribution: North Carolina north to Ontario, west to
Manitoba and Minnesota, south to Nebraska, Kansas and Texas
(Mitchell, 1960; LaBerge and Ribble, 1972; Hurd, 1979).
Recorded flight time: 9 May through July, but primarily late May and
early June (Mitchell, 1960; LaBerge and Ribble, 1972).
Notes: New state record for Mississippi.
Andrena (Holandrena) cressonii Robertson
Sites: Oktibbeha Co. (Sessums).
Dates: 28 March.
Specimen source: Prunus mexicana (1♀).
21
Recorded distribution: Species of this subgenus occur from British
Columbia south to California, east to Nova Scotia, and south
to Florida (Michener, 2007).
Andrena (Leucandrena) barbilabris Kirby
Sites: Oktibbeha Co. (Osborn).
Dates: 1 April.
Specimen source: Packera anonymus (1♂).
Recorded distribution: Labrador south to North Carolina, west
to Alaska, south to New Mexico, and southern California
(LaBerge, 1987).
Recorded flight time: 3 March through 2 September, but mainly in
April, May, and June (LaBerge, 1987).
Notes: New state record for Mississippi.
Andrena (Leucandrena) faceta LaBerge
Sites: Oktibbeha Co. (Osborn, Sessums).
Dates: 5 April – 7 May.
Specimen source: Erigeron philadephicus (1♀). Collected on porch
screen (1♀).
Recorded distribution: Texas (LaBerge, 1987).
22
Recorded flight time: March (LaBerge, 1987).
Notes: New state record for Mississippi; disjunct from Texas.
Andrena (Leucandrena) macra Mitchell
Sites: Oktibbeha Co. (Sessums).
Dates: 3 – 10 June.
Specimen source: Malaise trap (1♀).
Recorded distribution: West Virginia and Maryland south to Florida
and west to Texas and Oklahoma (Mitchell, 1960; LaBerge,
1987).
Recorded flight time: April and May (Mitchell, 1960).
Andrena (Leucandrena) n. species?
Sites: Oktibbeha Co. (Sessums).
Dates: 3 April.
Specimen source: No specific data (1♀).
Notes: The identity of the single female specimen is unknown, but it
may be an undescribed species (Laberge, personal communication).
Andrena (Melandrena) confederata Viereck
Sites: Oktibbeha Co. (Sessums).
Dates: 28 March.
Specimen source: Prunus mexicana (9♀, 4♂). 23
Recorded distribution: Connecticut south to northern Florida and west
to eastern Texas, Oklahoma and southern Illinois (Mitchell, 1960;
Hurd, 1979; Bouseman and LaBerge, 1978).
Recorded flight time: February through May, mainly April and May
(Mitchell, 1960; Bouseman and LaBerge, 1978).
Notes: New state record for Mississippi.
Andrena (Melandrena) sola Viereck
Sites: Oktibbeha Co. (Osborn).
Dates: 10 March.
Specimen source: Prunus mexicana (2♂).
Recorded distribution: Oregon to Baja California del Norte and east to
Nevada and Arizona (Bouseman and LaBerge, 1978; Hurd, 1979).
Recorded flight time: March through June (Bouseman and LaBerge, 1978).
Notes: New state record for Mississippi; disjunct species.
Andrena (Micrandrena) illinoiensis Robertson
Sites: Oktibbeha Co. (Sessums).
Dates: 28 March.
Specimen source: Prunus mexicana (1♀).
Recorded distribution: Transcontinental in southern Canada and northern
United States, south to California in the west, south to South 24
Carolina in the east, and south to Michigan, Illinois, Indiana, Ohio
in the Midwest (Mitchell, 1960; Ribble, 1968; Hurd, 1979).
Recorded flight time: April to June (Mitchell, 1960; Ribble, 1968).
Notes: New state record for Mississippi.
Andrena (Micrandrena) melanochroa Cockerell
Sites: Oktibbeha Co. (Osborn).
Dates: 26 March – 24 May.
Specimen source: Daucus carota (2♀), Rhus aromatica (2♀). Malaise trap
(2♀). No specific data (1♀).
Recorded distribution: Minnesota to Nova Scotia, south to North Carolina
and Gerogia, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Conneticut,
Michigan, New York, Virginia, District of Columbia (Mitchell, 1960;
Ribble, 1968; Hurd, 1979).
Recorded flight time: March to July (Mitchell, 1960; Ribble, 1968).
Notes: In the southern part of its range, A. melanochroa has been collected
mostly in mountainous areas (Ribble, 1968). New state record for
Mississippi.
Andrena (Micrandrena) microchlora Cockerell
Sites: Oktibbeha Co. (Osborn, Sessums).
Dates: 19 March – 7 May. 25
Specimen source: Erigeron philadelphicus (2♀), Oxalis sp. (4♀), Packera
anonyma (1♀), Rosa spp. (2♀), Sisyrinchium sp. (4♀), Stenaria
nigricans (1♀). Sweeping (1♀). Malaise trap (12♀).
Recorded distribution: British Columbia east to North Dakota, south
to California, Wyoming, Colorado, and Arizona (Ribble, 1968;
Hurd, 1979).
Recorded flight time: March to April (Ribble, 1968; Thompson and
Pellmyr, 1992).
Notes: Andrena microchlora has been collected primarily in mountains or
high elevations (Ribble, 1968). New state record for Mississippi;
disjunct species.
Andrena (Micrandrena) nigrae Robertson
Sites: Oktibbeha Co. (Osborn, Sessums).
Dates: 17 February – 15 April.
Specimen source: Prunus angustilofia (1♂), Rhus aromatica (3♂). Malaise
trap (3♂).
Recorded distribution: Throughout most of the United States (Mitchell,
1960; Ribble, 1968; Hurd, 1979).
Recorded flight time: Flight period is about one month, with early records
as early as March in Texas (Ribble, 1968). 26
Andrena (Micrandrena) personata Robertson
Sites: Oktibbeha Co. (Osborn, Sessums).
Dates: 13 March – 6 May.
Specimen source: Erigeron philadelphicus (20♂), Nothoscordum bivalve (1♀,
2♂), Oxalis sp. (2♂), Packera anonyma (14♂), Sisyrinchium sp. (1♂).
Sweeping (1♀). Malaise trap (15♀, 7♂).
Recorded distribution: New York west to Minnesota, south to Georgia,
Tennessee and Texas (Mitchell, 1960; Ribble, 1968; Hurd, 1979).
Recorded flight time: April to June (Mitchell, 1960; Ribble, 1968).
Notes: Of 40 floral host records, 20 are Erigeron philadelphicus and 14 are
Packera anonyma. New state record for Mississippi.
Andrena (Micrandrena) ziziae Robertson
Sites: Oktibbeha Co. (Osborn, Sessums).
Dates: 12 March – 8 April.
Specimen source: Malaise trap (2♀).
Recorded distribution: Manitoba east to the New England states, south to
Georgia, Tennessee, Kansas, and New Mexico (Mitchell, 1960;
Hurd, 1979).
Recorded flight time: April to June (Mitchell, 1960).
Notes: New state record for Mississippi. 27
Andrena (Micrandrena) sp.
Sites: Oktibbeha Co. (Osborn).
Dates: 26 March – 1 April.
Specimen source: Rhus aromatica (1♀, 1♂), Sisyrinchium sp. (1♂). Malaise
trap (1♀).
Andrena (Notandrena) nothoscordi Robertson
Sites: Oktibbeha Co. (Osborn).
Dates: 13 ‐22 March.
Specimens: Nothoscordum bivalve (4♀).
Recorded distribution: Colorado east to Illinois and south to Texas and
Louisiana (Mitchell, 1960; LaBerge, 1986).
Recorded flight time: March to June (LaBerge, 1986).
Notes: New state record for Mississippi; disjunct species.
Andrena (Ptilandrena) erigeniae Robertson
Sites: Oktibbeha Co. (Osborn).
Dates: 4 March – 1 April.
Specimen source: Malaise trap (1♀, 2♂).
Recorded distribution: Ontario south to North Carolina and west to Iowa
and Oklahoma (Mitchell, 1960; Hurd, 1979; LaBerge, 1987).
28
Recorded flight time: March to May (Mitchell, 1960).
Notes: New state record for Mississippi.
Andrena (Scrapteropsis) ilicis Mitchell
Sites: Oktibbeha Co. (Sessums).
Dates: 30 April – 13 May.
Specimen source: Malaise trap (1♀, 1♂).
Recorded distribution: New York to northern Florida, west to
Kansas and Texas (Mitchell, 1960; LaBerge 1971; Hurd, 1979).
Recorded flight time: March through June, but primarily in April
and May (Mitchell, 1960; LaBerge, 1971).
Notes: New state record for Mississippi.
Andrena (Scrapteropsis) imitatrix Cresson
Sites: Oktibbeha Co. (Osborn).
Dates: 1 March – 22 April.
Specimen source: Erigeron philadelphicus (1♀), Prunus angustifolia (1♂),
Prunus mexicana (6♂), Rhus aromatica (1♂), Rosa sp. (1♀). No
specific data (1♂).
Recorded distribution: Quebec to Florida, west to Alberta, Montana,
Utah and Arizona (Mitchell, 1960; LaBerge, 1971; Hurd, 1979).
29
Recorded flight time: March through July, but primarily in late March,
April and May (Mitchell, 1960; LaBerge, 1971).
Notes: New state record for Mississippi.
Andrena (Scrapteropsis) morrisonella Viereck
Sites: Oktibbeha Co. (Osborn).
Dates: 12 ‐17 May.
Specimen source: Cornus drummondii (2♀).
Recorded distribution: Ontario south to Illinois, Florida and Alabama
(Mitchell, 1960; LaBerge, 1971; Hurd, 1979).
Recorded flight time: April to July, primarily in May and early June
(Mitchell, 1960; LaBerge, 1971).
Notes: New state record for Mississippi.
Andrena (Simandrena) nasonii Robertson
Sites: Oktibbeha Co. (Sessums).
Dates: 8 – 15 April.
Specimen source: Malaise trap (1♀).
Recorded distribution: Quebec to Manitoba, south to Georgia and
southeastern Arizona (Mitchell, 1960; Hurd, 1979; LaBerge, 1989).
Recorded flight time: March to July (Mitchell, 1960).
Notes: New state record for Mississippi. 30
Andrena (Thysandrea) bisalicis Viereck
Sites: Lowndes Co. (Crawford); Oktibbeha Co. (Osborn).
Dates: 2 March – 16 April.
Specimen source: Erigeron philadelphicus (1♀), Pyrus communis (1♀),
Prunus angustifolia (1♀, 1♂), Prunus mexicana (2♂), Prunus umbellata
(1♂), Rhus aromatica (1♀, 2♂).
Recorded distribution: Nova Scotia south to Georgia, west to North
Dakota, south to Nebraska and Louisiana (Mitchell, 1960; LaBerge,
1977).
Recorded flight time: February to September; primarily March to July
(Mitchell, 1960; LaBerge, 1977).
Notes: New state record for Mississippi.
Andrena (Thysandrena) w‐scripta Viereck
Sites: Oktibbeha Co. (Sessums).
Dates: 12 – 18 March.
Specimen source: Malaise trap (1♀).
Recorded distribution: British Columbia to southern California, Arizona
and New Mexico, east to Nova Scotia and south to Georgia
(LaBerge, 1977; Hurd, 1979).
31
Recorded flight time: February to September (LaBerge, 1977).
Notes: New state record for Mississippi.
Andrena (Thysandrea) sp.
Sites: Oktibbeha Co. (Osborn).
Dates: 13 March.
Specimen source: Nothoscordum bivalve (1♀).
Andrena (Trachandrena) nuda Robertson
Sites: Oktibbeha Co. (Sessums).
Dates: 28 March.
Specimen source: Prunus mexicana (1♀).
Recorded distribution: Maine to Georgia, west to Texas, New Mexico,
Utah and Wyoming (Mitchell, 1960; LaBerge, 1973; Hurd, 1979).
Recorded flight time: March to August, but primarily from mid‐April
through mid‐June (Mitchell, 1960; LaBerge, 1973).
Notes: New state record for Mississippi.
Andrena (Trachandrena) virginiana Mitchell
Sites: Oktibbeha Co. (Osborn).
Dates: 10 March.
Specimen source: Prunus mexicana (1♂).
32
Recorded distribution: Prince Edward Island to Alberta, south to Arizona
and California (Mitchell, 1960; Hurd, 1979).
Recorded flight time: May through early September, but primarily in July
and August (Mitchell, 1960; LaBerge, 1973).
Notes: New state record for Mississippi; disjunct species.
Andrena sp.
Sites: Oktibbeha Co. (Osborn).
Dates: 5 April.
Specimen source: Packera anonyma (1♂).
Subfamily Panurginae
Panurginus polytrichus Cockerell
Sites: Oktibbeha Co. (Sessums).
Dates: 11 April.
Specimen source: Sweeping over communal nest (1♀, 14♂).
Recorded distribution: Occurring east of the Mississippi River;
Mississippi, Texas, Louisiana (Hurd, 1979; Neff, 2003).
Recorded flight time: March – April (Neff, 2003).
Calliopsis spp.
Sites: Oktibbeha Co. (Osborn, Sessums).
33
Dates: 15 April – 16 May, 9 July – 3 September.
Specimen source: Stenaria nigricans (2♀, 1♂). Malaise trap (4♀, 3♂).
HALICTIDAE
Subfamily Nomiinae
Nomia (Acunomia) maneei Cockerell
Sites: Oktibbeha Co. (Osborn).
Dates: 24 June – 1 July.
Specimen source: Malaise trap (1♂).
Recorded distribution: New Jersey to Florida west to Oklahoma
(Mitchell, 1960; Hurd, 1979; Deyrup et al., 2002).
Recorded flight time: May to September (Mitchell, 1960; Deyrup et al.,
2002).
Nomia (Acunomia) nortoni Cresson
Sites: Lowndes Co. (Crawford).
Dates: 24 June.
Specimen source: Sweeping (1♀).
Recorded distribution: Pennsylvania south to Florida and west to Idaho,
south to New Mexico (Mitchell, 1960; Hurd, 1979).
Recorded flight time: July to November in the East (Mitchell, 1960).
Notes: New state record for Mississippi. 34
Subfamily Halictinae
Tribe Halictini
Agapostemon virescens (Fabricius)
Sites: Oktibbeha Co. (Sessums).
Dates: 16 – 22 July.
Specimen source: Malaise trap (1♂).
Recorded distribution: Ontario and Maine south to Florida and
Mississippi, west to British Columbia, Washington and Oregon
(Mitchell, 1960; Hurd, 1979).
Recorded flight time: April to October (Mitchell, 1960).
Halictus (Nealictus) parallelus Say
Sites: Lowndes Co. (Crawford); Oktibbeha Co. (Osborn).
Dates: 1 June – 8 July.
Specimen source: Dalea candida (6♀), D. purpurea (3♀), Melilotus officinalis
(5♀, 1♂). Sweeping (3♀, 1♂). Malaise trap (2♀).
Recorded distribution: Ontario and New Jersey south to Florida and
Mississippi, west to Montana, New Mexico and Texas (Mitchell,
1960; Hurd, 1979).
Recorded flight time: March to November (Mitchell, 1960).
35
Halictus (Odontalictus) ligatus Say
Sites: Lowndes Co. (Crawford); Oktibbeha Co. (Osborn, Sessums).
Dates: 10 April – 17 September.
Specimen source: Blephilia ciliata (1♀), Erigeron philadelphicus (2♀), Erigeron
sp. (2♀), Helenium amarum (34♀), Liatris spicata (5♀), L. squarrosa
(2♀), Melilotus officinalis (2♀, 1♂), Neptunia lutea (1♀), Ratibida
pinnata (25♀, 3♂), Rhus glabra (1♀), Rudbeckia hirta (39♀, 6♂),
Stenaria nigricans (1♀, 1♂), Silphium laciniatum (19♀). Sweeping
(25♀, 5♂). Malaise trap (18♀, 2♂).
Recorded distribution: North America south of about 50 degrees latitude,
southward to the West Indies and Colombia (Mitchell, 1960; Hurd,
1979; Deyrup et al., 2002).
Recorded flight time: Throughout the year, including December –
February in Florida (Mitchell, 1960; Deyrup et al., 2002).
Notes: Of 145 specimens from 13 floral hosts, 45 are from Rudbeckia hirta,
34 are from Helenium amarum, and 28 are from Ratibida pinnata.
Halictus (Protohalictus) rubicundus (Christ)
Sites: Lowndes Co. (Black Belt Prairie Wildlife Mangement Area);
Oktibbeha Co. (Osborn, Sessums).
Dates: 6 March – 11 August. 36
Specimen source: Ampelopsis arborea (1♂), Dalea candida (46♀), D. pupurea
(17♀), D. spp. (3♀), Daucus carota (3♀, 2♂), Desmanthus illinoensis
(1♀), Melilotus officinalis (19♀, 9♂), Neptunea lutea (14♀),
Nothoscordum bivalve (4♀), Prunus angustifolia (1♀), Ratibida pinnata
(2♂), Rhus glabra (3♂), Rosa sp. (1♀), Rudbeckia hirta (3♀, 2♂),
Silphium laciniatum (1♀), Stenaria nigricans (3♀). Sweeping (1♀, 1♂).
Malaise trap (2♂). 9♀ were collected in a ground nest of H.
rubicundus.
Recorded distribution: Nova Scotia west to Alaska and British Columbia
and Alaska, south to California, Arizona, Texas and Florida
(Mitchell, 1960; Hurd, 1979).
Recorded flight time: March to September (Mitchell, 1960).
Notes: Of the 135 records from 15 floral hosts, 66 are from Dalea spp., 28
are from Melilotus officinalis, and 14 are from Neptunea lutea.
Halictus (Seladonia) confusus Smith
Sites: Oktibbeha Co. (Osborn).
Dates: 12 June.
Specimen source: Rhus glabra (1♀).
37
Recorded distribution: Nova Scotia west to Alaska, south to Florida,
Mississippi, and Texas (Mitchell, 1960; Hurd, 1979).
Recorded flight time: March to October (Mitchell, 1960).
Lasioglossum (Dialictus) reticulatum (Robertson)
Sites: Oktibbeha Co. (Osborn).
Dates: 24 – 30 June, 28 August – 11 September.
Specimen source: Cirsium sp. (1♀), Gaura biennis (3♀), Silphium
terebinthinaceum (1♀). Malaise trap (1♀).
Recorded distribution: Maine west to Michigan and Illinois, south to
Florida (Mitchell, 1960; Hurd, 1979).
Recorded flight time: March to September, throughout the year in Florida
(Mitchell, 1960).
Notes: New state record for Mississippi.
Lasioglossum (Hemihalictus) lustrans (Cockerell)
Sites: Oktibbeha Co. (Osborn, Sessums).
Dates: 3 June – 13 August, 2 – 8 October.
Specimen source: Mentha sp. (1♂), Rudbeckia hirta (1♀, 1♂). Malaise trap
(3♀).
38
Recorded distribution: Virginia west to Michigan, south to Mississippi
and Texas (Mitchell, 1960; Hurd, 1979).
Recorded flight time: April to September (Mitchell, 1960).
Lasioglossum (Dialictus) tegulare (Robertson)
Sites: Lowndes Co. (Crawford); Oktibbeha Co. (Osborn, Sessums).
Dates: 4 March – 5 November.
Specimen source: Asclepias viridiflora (2♀), Aster sp. (1♀), Dalea candida
(1♀, 1♂), D. pupurea (5♀), Daucus carota (8♀), Desmanthus illinoensis
(1♀), Euphorbia corollata (38♀, 5♂), Melilotus officinalis (2♀, 1♂),
Mentha sp. (2♀), Neptunea lutea (12♀), Packera anonyma (1♀), Rosa sp.
(1♀), Rhus glabra (1♀), Rudbeckia hirta (1♀), Solidago sp. (1♀), Stenaria
nigricans (6♀). Sweeping (4♀). Malaise trap (15♀, 5♂).
Recorded distribution: New Hamsphire west to Minnesota, south to
Florida, Mississippi, and Texas (Mitchell, 1960; Hurd, 1979; Deyrup
et al., 2002).
Recorded flight time: Throughout the year in Florida, elsewhere March or
April to October (Mitchell, 1960; Deyrup et al., 2002).
Notes: Of 91 records from 16 floral hosts, 43 are from Euphorbia corollata.
39
Lasioglossum (Dialictus) imitatum (Smith)
Sites: Chickasaw Co. (Tombigbee National Forest); Oktibbeha Co.
(Osborn, Sessums).
Dates: 1 – 25 March, 8 June – 15 October.
Specimen source: Dalea candida (2♀), D. purpurea (17♀), Daucus carota
(11♀), Euphorbia corollata (1♀), Gaura biennis (6♀), Helenium amarum
(3♀), Liatris spicata (2♀), L. squarrosa (1♀), Lythrum alatum (1♀),
Mentha sp. (11♀), Melilotus officinalis (1♀), Neptunia lutea (2♀),Prunus
angustifolia (4♀), P. mexicana (1♀), Rhus glabra (10♀), Silphium laciniatum
(1♀), Solidago sp. (8♀), Stenaria nigricans (2♀). Sweeping (1♀). Malaise
trap (44♀). From ground nest intermixed with those of Halicitus
rubicundus (1♀, 7♂).
Recorded distribution: New England west to California, south to Florida
(Mitchell, 1960; Hurd, 1979).
Recorded flight time: April through October (Mitchell, 1960).
Lasioglossum spp.
Sites: Chickasaw Co. (Tombigbee National Forest); Clay Co.
(Caradine/Muda Road); Lowndes Co. (Black Belt Prairie
Wildlife Management Area, Crawford); Oktibbeha Co. (Osborn,
Sessums). 40
Dates: 1 March – 5 November.
Specimen source: Achillea millefolium (9), Agalinis oligophylla (17), Agalinis
sp. (32), Asclepias tuberosa (1), A. viridiflora (9), Aster sp. (6), Bidens
aristosa (2), Blephilia ciliata (3), Buchnera americana (1), Campsis
radicans (6), Ceanothus americanus (2), Chamaecrista fasciculata (9),
Chamaesyce maculata (4), Cirsium sp. (3), Coreopsis sp. (1), Cornus
drummondii (1), Croton capiatus (1), C. monanthogynus (1), Dalea
candida (143), D. pupurea (397), D. sp. (1), Daucus carota (32),
Desmanthus illinoensis (24), Erigeron philadelphicus (6), Erigeron
strigosus (1), E. sp. (10), Euphorbia corollata (33), Gaura biennis (328),
Helenium amarum (21), Heliotropium tenellum (1), Liatris aspera (4), L.
spicata (19), L. squarrosa (6), L. sp. (8), Linum medium (1), Linum
sulcatum (5), Lythrum alatum (13), Melilotus officinalis (74), Mentha sp.
(41), Mikanua scandens (1), Neptunea lutea (649), Nothoscordum bivalve
(2), Oenothera sp. (2), Oxalis sp. (1), Packera sp. (2), Packera anonyma
(1), Prunella vulgaris (1), Prunus angustifolia (11), Prunus umbellata
(2), Ratibida pinnata (5), Rhus glabra (5), Rosa sp. (4), Rudbeckia hirta
(13), Ruellia sp. (4), Sabatia campestris (1), Silphium laciniatum (27), S.
terebinthinaceum Jacq. (2), Sisyrinchium sp. (2), Solidago sp. (54),
Stenaria nigricans (122), Symphyotrichum pilosum (3), Trichostema 41
brachiatum (1), Verbascum blattaria (1). Sweeping (65). Malaise trap
(105).
Notes: Total numbers of specimens have been neither sexed nor identified
at this time, but these will be completed in the near future.
Sphecodes sp.
Sites: Oktibbeha Co. (Osborn).
Dates: 10 April – 1 July.
Specimen source: Daucus carota (1♀), Packera anonyma (1♀). Malaise trap
(2♀, 1♂).
Tribe Augochlorini
Augochlora pura (Say)
Sites: Lowndes Co. (Crawford); Oktibbeha Co. (Osborn, Sessums).
Dates: 1 March, 12 June – 2 September.
Specimen source: Ampelopsis arborea (1♀), Neptunea lutea (1♀), Prunus
angustifolia (1♀). Malaise trap (3♀). Blacklight (1♂).
Recorded distribution: Quebec and Maine west to Minnesota, south to
Texas and Florida (Mitchell, 1960; Hurd, 1979; Deyrup
et al., 2002).
Recorded flight time: February to November, with very early and late
records in the South (Mitchell, 1960; Deyrup et al., 2002). 42
Augochlorella gratiosa (Smith)
Sites: Chickasaw Co. (Tombigbee National Forest); Lowndes Co.
(Crawford); Oktibbeha Co (Osborn, Sessums).
Dates: 18 March – 10 September.
Specimen source: Coreopsis sp. (1♀), Dalea candida (1♀), D. pupurea (8♀),
Desmanthus illinoensis (1♀), Erigeron philadelphicus (1♀), Erigeron sp.
(2♀), Helenium amarum (11♀), Liatris sp. (1♀), Melilotus officinalis
(1♂), Neptunea lutea (15♀), Nothoscordum bivalve (1♀), Oxalis sp.
(1♀), Prunella vulgaris (1♀), Silphium laciniatum (5♀), Solidago sp.
(1♀), Stenaria nigricans (12♀). Sweeping (32♀, 1♂). Malaise trap
(57♀, 7♂). Pitfall (1♀).
Recorded distribution: New Jersey south to Florida, east to Texas
(Mitchell, 1960; Hurd, 1979; Deyrup et al., 2002).
Recorded flight time: Throughout the year in Florida; March to
September in other areas (Mitchell, 1960).
Note: Of 63 floral records from 17 species, more than half are from
Neptunea lutea, Helenium amarum, and Stenaria nigricans.
Augochlorella striata (Provancher)
Sites: Chickasaw Co. (Tombigbee National Forest); Lowndes Co.
(Crawford); Oktibbeha Co. (Osborn, Sessums). 43
Dates: 18 March – 5 November.
Specimen source: Ampelopsis arborea (1♀), Aster sp. (1♀, 1♂), Campsis
radicans (1♂), Chamaecrista fasciculata (1♀), Dalea pupurea (13♀),
Desmanthus illinoensis (50♀), Gaura biennis (1♀), Helenium amarum
(7♀), Lythrum alatum (1♀), Melilotus officinalis (4♀, 1♂), Neptunea
lutea (97♀), Nothoscordum bivalve (1♀), Packera anonyma (2♀),
Ratibida pinnata (1♀), Rudbeckia hirta (12♀), Silphium laciniatum (4♀),
Solidago sp. (1♀, 1♂), Stenaria nigricans (5♀). Sweeping (11♀).
Malaise trap (87♀, 10♂). Collected on screen porch (1♀,1♂). No
specific data (1♀, 1♂).
Recorded distribution: Southern Canada to southern Florida, west to
Rocky Mountains (Mitchell, 1960; Hurd, 1979; Deyrup et al., 2002).
Recorded flight time: February through October (Mitchell, 1960; Deyrup
et al., 2002).
Notes: Although 206 specimens were collected on 18 hosts, 97 were
collected on Neptunea lutea and 50 on Desmanthus illinoensis.
Augochloropsis metallica (Fabricius)
Sites: Lowndes Co. (Crawford); Oktibbeha Co. (Osborn, Sessums).
Dates: 26 March – 16 April, 3 June – 3 September.
44
Specimen source: Chamaecrista fasciculata (1♀), Cirsium sp. (1♀), Gaura
biennis (5♀), Sisyrinchium sp. (2♀), Stenaria nigricans (1♀, 1♂).
Sweeping (1♀). Malaise trap (4♀).
Recorded distribution: Ontario and the New England states to Florida,
west to South Dakota, Arizona and through Mexico to Panama
(Mitchell, 1960; Porter, 1983).
Recorded flight time: March to November (Mitchell, 1960), December
in Texas (Porter, 1983).
MEGACHILIDAE
Subfamily Megachilinae
Tribe Osmiini
Heriades (Neotrypetes) leavitti Crawford
Sites: Oktibbeha Co. (Osborn, Sessums).
Dates: 29 April – 17 June, 27 August – 3 September.
Specimen source: Ceanothus americanus (1♀), Dalea pupurea (1♀), Daucus
carota (2♀), Erigeron philadelphicus (2♀), E. sp. (1♀), Rudbeckia hirta
(2♀). Malaise trap (5♀, 1♂).
Recorded distribution: New Brunswick south to Florida, west to Texas
and Wyoming (Mitchell, 1962; Hurd, 1979; Deyrup et al., 2002).
45
Recorded flight time: March to October (Mitchell, 1962; Deyrup et al.,
2002).
Notes: New state record for Mississippi.
Heriades (Physostetha) carinata Cresson
Sites: Oktibbeha Co. (Osborn).
Dates: 17 May.
Specimen source: Blephilia ciliata (1♀).
Recorded distribution: New Brunswick and Quebec south to Florida, west
to British Columbia, Utah, New Mexico and Texas (Mitchell, 1962;
Hurd, 1979).
Recorded flight time: April to August (Mitchell, 1962).
Notes: New state record for Mississippi.
Hoplitis (Alcidamea) pilosifrons (Cresson)
Sites: Oktibbeha Co. (Osborn, Sessums).
Dates: 16 April – 30 July.
Specimen source: Blephilia ciliata (3♀), Dalea pupurea (1♀), Erigeron
philadelphicus (1♂), Prunella vulgaris (6♀, 1♂), Salvia lyrata (1♀),
Sisyrinchium sp. (1♂), Stenaria nigricas (1♀), Verbena simplex (1♀).
Sweeping (1♀). Malaise trap (14♀, 1♂).
46
Recorded distribution: Quebec and Massachusetts south to Florida, west
to Alberta, Colorado and Texas (Mitchell, 1962; Hurd, 1979).
Recorded flight time: April to August (Mitchell, 1962).
Notes: New state record for Mississippi.
Hoplitis (Alcidamea) producta (Cresson)
Sites: Oktibbeha Co. (Osborn).
Dates: 6 May.
Specimen source: Stenaria nigricans Terrell var. nigricans (1♀).
Recorded distribution: Quebec south to Georgia, west to Alberta,
Colorado and Texas (Mitchell, 1962; Hurd, 1979).
Recorded flight time: April to August (Mitchell, 1962).
Notes: New state record for Mississippi.
Hoplitis (Alcidamea) truncata (Cresson)
Sites: Oktibbeha Co. (Sessums).
Dates: 6 – 13 May.
Specimen source: Malaise trap (2♀).
Recorded distribution: Quebec and Maine south to Florida and
Mississippi, west to North Dakota, Wyoming, and Colorado
(Mitchell, 1962; Hurd, 1979; Deyrup et al., 2002).
47
Recorded flight time: March (in Florida) to July (Mitchell, 1962; Deyrup et
al., 2002).
Osmia (Helicosmia) chalybea Smith
Sites: Osborn, Oktibbeha Co. (Sessums).
Dates: 17 March – 13 May.
Specimen source: Cirsium sp. (2♂), Packera anonyma (1♀). Sweeping (1♂).
Malaise trap (2♀, 3♂). Hatched from larval cell on Juniperus
virginiana L. (1♀).
Recorded distribution: New Jersey, North Carolina, Georgia, Florida
Louisiana and Texas (Mitchell, 1962; Hurd, 1979).
Recorded flight time: March to May (Mitchell, 1962).
Notes: New state record for Mississippi.
Osmia (Helicosmia) georgica Cresson
Sites: Oktibbeha Co. (Osborn, Sessums).
Dates: 26 March – 2 June.
Specimen source: Coreopsis sp. (9♀), Erigeron philadelphicus (7♀, 1♂),
Packera anonyma (16♀, 4♂), Rudbeckia hirta (1♀). Malaise trap (1♂).
Recorded distribution: Massachusetts to Michigan, south to Florida,
Mississippi, Arkansas and Texas (Mitchell, 1962; Hurd, 1979).
Recorded flight time: March to August (Mitchell, 1962). 48
Osmia (Diceratosmia) conjuncta Cresson
Sites: Oktibbeha Co. (Osborn, Sessums).
Dates: 19 – 29 May.
Specimen source: Ceanothus americanus (1♀), Coreopsis sp. (1♀), Erigeron
philadelphicus (1♀), Oxalis sp. (2♀, 2♂), Prunella vulgaris (3♀), Rosa
sp. (1♀), Rubus sp. (1♀), Sisyrinchium sp. (3♀), Stenaria nigricans
(15♀), Verbena simplex (1♀). Malaise trap (12♀, 1♂).
Recorded distribution: Ontario west to Minnesota, south to North
Carolina and Texas (Mitchell, 1962; Hurd, 1979).
Recorded flight time: March to August (Mitchell, 1962).
Notes: New state record for Mississippi.
Osmia (Diceratosmia) subfasciata Cresson
Sites: Clay Co. (Caradine/Muda Road).
Dates: 16 April.
Specimen source: Sweeping (1♂).
Recorded distribution: New Jersey south to Florida, west to California
(Mitchell, 1962; Hurd, 1979).
Recorded flight time: March to June (Mitchell, 1962).
Osmia (Melanosmia) pumila Cresson
Sites: Oktibbeha Co. (Osborn, Sessums). 49
Dates: 4 March – 19 April.
Specimen source: Rosa sp. (1♀), Salvia lyrata (1♀). Malaise trap (3♂).
Recorded distribution: Quebec south to Georgia, west to Illinois,
Minnesota, Kansas (Mitchell, 1962; Hurd, 1979).
Recorded flight time: April to July (Mitchell, 1962).
Notes: New state record for Mississippi.
Osmia (Nothosmia) sandhouseae Mitchell
Sites: Oktibbeha Co. (Osborn, Sessums).
Dates: 26 March – 6 May.
Specimen source: Malaise trap (2♀).
Recorded distribution: New England to Florida, west to Texas (Mitchell,
1962; Hurd, 1979; Deyrup et al., 2002).
Recorded flight time: February (in Florida) to June (Mitchell, 1962;
Deyrup et al., 2002).
Osmia (Osmia) lignaria Say
Sites: Oktibbeha Co. (Sessums).
Dates: 4 April.
Specimen source: 1♀ was collected entering a house.
Recorded distribution: Nova Scotia south to Georgia, west to Michigan,
Iowa, Nebraska, Oklahoma and Texas (Mitchell, 1962; Hurd, 1979). 50
Recorded flight time: March to June (Mitchell, 1962; Byers, 1972).
Notes: New state record for Mississippi.
Tribe Anthidiini
Anthidiellum notatum (Latreille)
Sites: Oktibbeha Co. (Osborn).
Dates: 11 June – 3 July, 4 September.
Specimen source: Chamaesyce maculata (1♀), Dalea purpurea (1♀, 1♂).
Malaise trap (1♂).
Recorded distribution: Massachusetts to Illinois, south to Florida and
Mississippi (Mitchell, 1962, Turell, 1976).
Recorded flight time: March (Turell 1976).
Anthidium (Anthidium) maculifrons Smith
Sites: Oktibbeha Co. (Osborn).
Dates: 11 – 17 June.
Specimen source: Malaise trap (1♂).
Recorded distribution: Virginia south to Florida and west to Arizona
(Mitchell, 1962; Hurd, 1979; Deyrup et al., 2002).
Recorded flight time: February to September in Florida (Mitchell, 1962;
Deyrup et al., 2002).
51
Stelis (Chelynia) labiata (Provancher)
Sites: Oktibbeha Co. (Sessums).
Dates: 29 April – 6 May.
Specimen source: Malaise trap (1♀).
Recorded distribution: Quebec west to Wisconsin and south to North
Carolina and Texas (Mitchell, 1962; Hurd, 1979).
Recorded flight time: April to August (Mitchell, 1962).
Notes: New state record for Mississippi.
Stelis (Microstelis) lateralis Cressson
Sites: Oktibbeha Co. (Osborn, Sessums).
Dates: 26 March – 6 May.
Specimen source: Erigeron philadelphicus (1♂). Sweeping (1♀). Malaise
trap (1♀, 1♂).
Recorded distribution: Maine west to North Dakota and south to Georgia
and Texas (Mitchell, 1962; Hurd, 1979).
Recorded flight time: March to July (Mitchell, 1962).
Notes: New state record for Mississippi.
Trachusa (Legnanthidium) ridingsii (Cresson)
Sites: Oktibbeha Co. (Osborn).
Dates: 9 – 25 July. 52
Specimen source: Sweeping (2♂). Malaise trap (1♂).
Recorded distribution: North Carolina south to Florida and west to Texas
(Mitchell, 1962).
Recorded flight time: April to September (Mitchell, 1962)
Tribe Megachilini
Coelioxys (Boreocoelioxys) sayi Robertson
Sites: Clay Co. (Caradine/Muda Road); Oktibbeha Co. (Osborn).
Dates: 5 April – 17 June.
Specimen source: Erigeron philadelphicus (3♂), Melilotus officinalis (1♂),
Packera anonyma (1♂), Stenaria nigricans (2♀, 1♂).
Recorded distribution: New York south to Florida and west to Nebraska,
Colorado and Arizona (Mitchell, 1962; Hurd, 1979; Deyrup et al.,
2002).
Recorded flight time: March to November (Mitchell, 1962; Deyrup et al.,
2002).
Coelioxys (Glyptocoelioxys) germana Cresson
Sites: Oktibbeha Co. (Osborn).
Dates: 30 October.
Specimen source: Aster sp. (1♂).
53
Recorded distribution: New Jersey west to Illinois and south to Florida
(Mitchell, 1962; Hurd, 1979; Deyrup et al., 2002).
Recorded flight time: April to October (Mitchell, 1962; Deyrup et al.,
2002).
Notes: New state record for Mississippi.
Coelioxys (Haplocoelioxys) mexicana Cresson
Sites: Oktibbeha Co. (Osborn).
Dates: 2 – 6 June.
Specimen source: Rudbeckia hirta (1♀, 1♂).
Recorded distribution: North Carolina to Florida, west to Texas (Mitchell,
1962; Hurd, 1979; Deyrup et al., 2002).
Recorded flight time: April to November (Mitchell, 1962; Deyrup et al.,
2002).
Notes: New state record for Mississippi.
Megachile (Acentron) albitarsis Cresson
Sites: Clay Co. (Caradine/Muda Road); Oktibbeha Co. (Osborn, Sessums).
Dates: 8 – 30 June; 3 October.
Specimen source: Chrysopsis sp. (1♀), Dalea candida (1♀), Ratibida pinnata
(1♀), Rhus glabra (1♀), Rudbeckia hirta (5♀), Stenaria nigricans (2♀).
Sweeping (1♂). Malaise trap (2♀). 54
Recorded distribution: Michigan, Indiana, North Carolina to Florida, west
to Arizona (Mitchell, 1962; Hurd, 1979; Deyrup et al., 2002).
Recorded flight time: March to November in southern regions, May to
September elsewhere (Mitchell, 1962; Deyrup et al., 2002).
Megachile (Chelostomoides) exilis Cresson
Sites: Oktibbeha Co. (Sessums).
Dates: 1 – 7 July.
Specimen source: Malaise trap (1♀).
Recorded distribution: Maryland and Indiana south to Florida, west to
Arizona (Mitchell, 1962).
Recorded flight time: March to October (Mitchell, 1962).
Megachile (Chelostomoides) georgica Cresson
Sites: Oktibbeha Co. (Osborn).
Dates: 3 May – 14 July, 3 September.
Specimen source: Dalea candida (1♀), D. purpurea (1♀), Liatris sp. (1♂),
Stenaria nigricans (1♀), Verbena simplex (1♂). Sweeping (1♀).
Malaise trap (1♀, 1♂).
Recorded distribution: New Jersey to Florida, west to Arkansas and Texas
(Mitchell, 1962; Hurd, 1979; Deyrup et al., 2002).
55
Recorded flight time: February to November (Mitchell, 1962; Deyrup et
al., 2002).
Megachile (Leptorachis) petulans Cresson
Sites: Clay Co. (Caradine/Muda Road); Oktibbeha Co. (Osborn, Sessums).
Dates: 7 May – 8 July, 24 September – 24 October.
Specimen source: Bidens aristosa (2♀), Blephilia ciliata (2♂), Chrysopsis sp.
(1♀, 1♂), Coreopsis sp. (1♀), Dalea pupurea (2♀), Ratibida pinnata
(1♀), Rudbeckia hirta (3♀, 1♂). Sweeping (1♀, 1♂). Malaise trap
(2♀, 1♂).
Recorded distribution: New Jersey to Florida, west to North Dakota,
Nebraska and Arizona (Mitchell, 1962; Hurd, 1979; Deyrup et al.,
2002).
Recorded flight time: May to September, except throughout year in
Florida (Mitchell, 1962; Deyrup et al., 2002).
Megachile (Litomegachile) brevis Say
Sites: Clay Co. (Caradine/Muda Road); Lowndes Co. (Black Belt Prairie
Wildlife Management Area); Oktibbeha Co. (Osborn, Sessums).
Dates: 1 April – 16 July, 27 September – 12 November.
Specimen source: Aster sp. (4♀), Blephilia ciliata (1♂), Chrysopsis sp. (9♀,
3♂), Coreopsis sp. (1♀, 5♂), Dalea candida (4♀), D. pupurea (7♀), 56
Erigeron philadelphicus (3♂), Helenium amarum (3♀), Helenium
autumnale (2♀), Oxalis sp. (2♂), Packera anonyma (3♂), Rosa sp. (1♂),
Rubus sp. (1♂), Rudbeckia hirta (1♀, 2♂), Solidago sp. (3♀), Stenaria
nigricans (5♀, 11♂), Symphyotrichum novae‐angliae (1♀), Verbena
simplex (1♀). Sweeping (8♀, 7♂). Malaise trap (9♀). No collecting
data (1♂).
Recorded distribution: One of the most widely occurring species in North
America, ranging from Atlantic to Pacific Coasts in the United
States and southern Canada (Mitchell, 1962).
Recorded flight time: Throughout the season (Mitchell, 1962).
Megachile (Litomegachile) mendica Cresson
Sites: Clay Co. (Caradine/Muda Road); Oktibbeha Co. (Osborn, Sessums).
Dates: 5 April – 8 July, 20 September – 29 October.
Specimen source: Aster sp. (1♀), Blephilia ciliata (2♂), Chrysopsis sp. (2♀),
Coreopsis sp. (1♀, 3♂), Erigeron philadephicus (2♂), Helenium amarum
(3♀), Melilotus officinalis (1♀), Packera anonyma (4♂), Prunella vulgaris
(1♂), Rudbeckia hirta (1♀), Salvia lyrata (1♂), Stenaria nigricans (1♀,
15♂). Sweeping (4♀, 3♂). Malaise trap (2♀, 4♂).
Recorded distribution: Widely occurring from Atlantic to Pacific coasts in
the United States and southern Canada (Mitchell, 1962). 57
Recorded flight time: Throughout the season (Mitchell, 1962; Deyrup et
al., 2002).
Megachile (Litomegachile) texana Cresson
Sites: Oktibbeha Co. (Osborn, Sessums).
Dates: 7 May – 19 July.
Specimen source: Dalea candida (1♂), Ratibida pinnata (1♂), Stenaria
nigricans (1♀, 1♂). Malaise trap (1♂).
Recorded distribution: Widely occurring from Atlantic to Pacific coasts in
the United States and southern Canada. (Mitchell, 1962; Deyrup et
al., 2002).
Recorded flight time: April to October in Florida (Deyrup et al., 2002).
Megachile (Melanosarus) xylcopoides Smith
Sites: Oktibbeha Co. (Osborn, Sessums).
Dates: 7 May – 14 June; 23 August; 30 October.
Specimen source: Achillea millefolium (1♀), Ampelopsis arborea (1♀, 1♂),
Cornus drummondii (1♀), Dalea pupurea (1♀), Helenium autumnale
(1♀), Mikanua scandens (1♂), Ratibida pinnata (1♀), Rudbeckia hirta
(11♀, 1♂), Silphium laciniatum (1♀).
Recorded distribution: Maryland south to Florida, west to Texas
(Mitchell, 1962; Hurd, 1979; Deyrup et al., 2002). 58
Recorded flight time: March to November (Mitchell, 1962; Deyrup et
al., 2002).
Megachile (Sayapis) policaris Say
Sites: Oktibbeha Co. (Osborn, Sessums).
Dates: 30 April – 26 June, 30 October.
Specimen source: Aster sp. (1♀), Blephilia ciliata (1♀), Coreopsis sp. (1♀,
4♂), Ratibida pinnata (2♀), Rudbeckia hirta (6♀), Stenaria nigricans
(1♀). Sweeping (1♂). Malaise trap (2♂).
Recorded distribution: Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Texas, Oklahoma,
Nebraska, Colorado, New Mexico, Arizona, California, (Mitchell,
1962; Hurd, 1979; Deyrup et al., 2002).
Recorded flight time: March to October (Mitchell, 1962; Deyrup et al.,
2002).
Notes: New state record for Mississippi.
APIDAE
Subfamily Xylcopinae
Tribe Xylocopini
Xylocopa (Xylocopoides) virginica (Linnaeus)
Sites: Chickasaw Co. (Tombigbee National Forest); Clay Co.
(Caradine/Muda Road); Lowndes Co. (Crawford); Oktibbeha 59
Co. (Osborn, Sessums, Fire Tower Road).
Dates: 1 March – 3 November.
Specimen source: Asclepias viridis (2♀), Aster sp. (1♀, 7♂), Bidens aristosa
(1♀), Blephilia ciliata (3♀, 2♂), Chamaecrista fasciculata (2♀), Cirsium
sp. (1♀), Cornus drummondii (2♀, 1♂), Dalea candida (8♀, 1♂), D.
pupurea (11♀, 1♂), Dasistoma macrophylla (1♀), Desmanthus illinoensis
(3♀), Erigeron philadelphicus (2♀), Liatris spicata (26♀), L. sp. (1♀),
Melilotus officinalis (8♀), Mentha sp. (4♀), Mikanua scandens (1♂),
Neptunea lutea (3♀), Packera anonyma (1♀, 5♂), Pluchia camphorata
(1♀), Prunella vulgaris (3♀, 5♂), Prunus angustifolia Marsh. (3♀, 2♂),
Pycnanthemum tenuifolium (1♂), Ratibida pinnata (2♀), Rhus glabra
(7♀), Rosa sp. (1♀, 1♂), Rudbeckia hirta (8♀, 1♂), Sabatia campestris
(3♀), Salvia lyrata (2♀, 1♂), Silphium laciniatum (4♀), Sisyrinchium sp.
(1♂), Solidago sp. (1♀, 2♂), Stenaria nigricans (3♀, 1♂). Sweeping
(27♀, 4♂). Malaise trap (24♀, 17♂). No collecting data (1♀).
Recorded distribution: New England and adjacent Canada west to Great
Lakes region, Nebraska, Kansas, Oklahoma and Texas and south to
Florida (Mitchell, 1962; Hurd, 1979).
Recorded flight time: Throughout the season (Mitchell, 1962).
60
Tribe Ceratinini
Ceratina (Ceratina) cockerelli Smith
Sites: Lowndes Co. (Crawford); Oktibbeha Co. (Osborn Prairie).
Dates: 15 June – 30 July.
Specimen source: Dalea pupurea (1♂). Sweeping (1♀). Malaise trap (1♀).
Recorded distribution: South Carolina, Georgia and Florida, Texas.
(Mitchell, 1962; Hurd, 1979).
Recorded flight time: January to September (Mitchell, 1962).
Notes: New state record for Mississippi.
Ceratina (Zadontomerus) calcarata Robertson
Sites: Clay Co. (Caradine/Muda Road); Lowndes Co. (Crawford);
Oktibbeha Co. (Osborn, Sessums).
Dates: 18 February – 29 July, 13 September – 7 October.
Specimen source: Chrysopsis sp. (1♀), Erigeron philadelphicus (6♂), Erigeron
sp. (1♀, 1♂), Helenium sp. (1♀), Narcissus sp. (1♂), Oxalis sp. (1♂),
Packera anonyma (1♂), Rosa multiflora (1♀), R. sp. (1♂), Stenaria
nigricans (1♀). Sweeping (2♂). Malaise trap (2♀, 9♂). Collected on
screened porch (1♀).
61
Recorded distribution: Quebec west to Manitoba, south to Georgia and
Texas (Mitchell, 1962; Hurd 1979).
Recorded flight time: March to October (Mitchell, 1962).
Ceratina (Zadontomerus) dupla Say
Sites: Osborn, Oktibbeha Co. (Sessums).
Dates: 1 March – 6 May, 16 July – 15 October.
Specimen source: Erigeron philadelphicus (2♀), Packera anonyma (2♀),
Prunus angustifolia Marsh. (1♂), Stenaria nigricans (3♀). Sweeping
(1♂). Malaise trap (5♀, 3♂).
Recorded distribution: Quebec west to Manitoba, south to Texas,
Louisiana and Mississippi (Mitchell, 1962; Hurd 1979).
Recorded flight time: March to August, except throughout the year in
Florida (Mitchell, 1962).
Ceratina spp.
Sites: Lowndes Co. (Crawford); Oktibbeha Co. (Osborn, Sessums).
Dates: 18 – 25 February, 8 – 29 April, 3 June – 19 August, 2 – 8 October.
Specimen source: Packera anonyma (5♂). Sweeping (1♂). Malaise trap
(14♀, 12♂).
62
Subfamily Nomadinae
Tribe Nomadini
Nomada bella Cresson
Sites: Oktibbeha Co. (Osborn).
Dates: 1 April.
Specimen source: Packera anonyma (1♂).
Recorded distribution: Quebec and Maine west to Manitoba, south to
Florida (Hurd, 1979).
Recorded flight time: March to August (Mitchell, 1962).
Notes: New state record for Mississippi.
Nomada ovata (Robertson)
Sites: Oktibbeha Co. (Sessums).
Dates: 8 – 15 April.
Specimen source: Malaise trap (2♀).
Recorded distribution: Maine west to Minnesota and Wyoming, south to
South Carolina (Mitchell, 1962; Hurd, 1979).
Recorded flight time: March to August (Mitchell, 1962).
Notes: New state record for Mississippi.
Nomada subnigrocincta Swenk
Sites: Oktibbeha Co. (Osborn). 63
Dates: 10 April.
Specimen source: Erigeron philadelphicus (1♀).
Recorded distribution: Massachusetts south to North Carolina (Mitchell,
1962; Hurd, 1979).
Recorded flight time: May (Mitchell, 1962).
Notes: New state record for Mississippi.
Nomada vincta Say
Sites: Oktibbeha Co. (Osborn).
Dates: 22 October.
Specimen source: Aster sp. (1♂).
Recorded distribution: Kansas, Nebraska, and North Carolina (Hurd,
1979).
Recorded flight time: July to September (Mitchell, 1962).
Notes: New state record for Mississippi; possibly disjunct species.
Nomada seneciophila Mitchell
Sites: Oktibbeha Co. (Osborn).
Dates: 1 – 19 April.
Specimen source: Erigeron philadelphicus (3♂), Packera anonyma (1♀, 6♂).
Recorded distribution: North Carolina and Florida (Hurd, 1979).
64
Recorded flight time: April to June (Mitchell, 1962).
Notes: New state record for Mississippi.
Nomada spp.
Sites: Osborn, Oktibbeha Co. (Sessums).
Dates: 26 February – 8 April, 4 September – 30 October.
Specimen source: Aster sp. (1♀), Erigeron philadelphicus (1♂), Nothoscordum
bivalve (1♂), Prunus angustifolia (1♀), Prunus mexicana (3♂), Rhus
aromatica (1♀). Sweeping (1♀). Malaise trap (1♂). 1♀ was collected
on an eroded bank. No specific data (1♀).
Tribe Epeolini
Epeolus spp.
Sites: Oktibbeha Co. (Osborn).
Dates: 22 May and 30 October.
Specimen source: Aster sp. (1♀), Coreopsis sp. (1♀).
Triepeolus simplex Robertson
Sites: Oktibbeha Co. (Osborn).
Dates: 29 May – 15 July.
Specimen source: Dalea purpurea (1♀), Rudbeckia hirta (3♂). Sweeping
(1♀, 2♂). Malaise trap (10♀, 4♂).
65
Recorded distribution: Wisconsin, Illinois and Michigan, south to North
Carolina and Georgia (Mitchell, 1962; Hurd, 1979).
Recorded flight time: July and August (Mitchell, 1962).
Notes: New state record for Mississippi.
Subfamily Apinae
Tribe Exomalopsini
Exomalopsis (Anthophorisca) asteris Mitchell
Sites: Oktibbeha Co. (Osborn, Sessums).
Dates: 2 – 23 October.
Specimen source: Aster sp. (1♂). Sweeping (1♂). Malaise trap (1♀, 2♂).
Recorded distribution: Texas, Indiana (Mitchell, 1962).
Recorded flight time: October (Mitchell, 1962).
Notes: New state record for Mississippi and disjunct species.
Tribe Eucerini
Melissodes (Eumelissodes) agilis Cresson
Sites: Lowndes Co. (Crawford); Oktibbeha Co. (Osborn, Rock Hill Road).
Dates: 1 July – 12 August.
Specimen source: Dalea pupurea (1♀). Malaise trap (7♀).
66
Recorded distribution: Throughout the United States, except Florida, and
Southern Canada (Mitchell, 1962; Hurd, 1979).
Recorded flight time: May to November (Mitchell, 1962).
Melissodes (Eumelissodes) denticulata Smith
Sites: Clay Co. (Caradine/Muda Road); Oktibbeha Co. (Osborn, Sessums).
Dates: 1 April, 24 June – 1 July, 22 October – 5 November.
Specimen source: Aster sp., (3♀), Chrysopsis sp. (1♀), Rhus aromatica (1♀).
Sweeping(1♂). Malaise trap (2♀, 1♂).
Recorded distribution: Quebec west to North Dakota, south to Florida
and Texas (Mitchell, 1962; Hurd, 1979).
Recorded flight time: May to October (Mitchell, 1962).
Notes: New state record for Mississippi.
Melissodes (Eumelissodes) rustica (Say)
Sites: Lowndes Co. (Crawford).
Dates: 24 – 30 June.
Specimen source: Sweeping (1♀).
Recorded distribution: Nova Scotia west to Saskatchewan, south to
Georgia, Louisiana, New Mexico (Mitchell, 1962; Hurd, 1979).
Recorded flight time: May to November (Mitchell, 1962).
67
Melissodes (Eumelissodes) trinodis Robertson
Sites: Clay Co. (Caradine/Muda Road); Oktibbeha Co. (Osborn, Sessums).
Dates: 11 September – 5 November.
Specimen source: Aster spp. (12♀), Chrysopsis spp. (2♀), Solidago sp. (1♀,
2♂). Sweeping (3♀). Malaise trap (4♀, 8♂).
Recorded distribution: Maine west to Kansas and North Dakota, south to
Georgia (Mitchell, 1962; Hurd, 1979).
Recorded flight time: July to October (Mitchell, 1962).
Melissodes (Eumelissodes) wheeleri Cockerell
Sites: Oktibbeha Co. (Osborn).
Dates: 29 September – 5 November.
Specimen source: Aster sp. (5♂), Helenium amarum (3♂), Symphyotrichum
novae‐angliae (1♂). Sweeping (2♂).
Recorded distribution: Michigan and North Dakota, south to Louisiana,
Texas, and Arizona (Mitchell, 1962; Hurd, 1979).
Recorded flight time: April to October (Mitchell, 1962).
Notes: New state record for Mississippi.
Melissodes (Melissodes) bimaculata Lepeletier
Sites: Oktibbeha Co. (Osborn, Sessums).
Dates: 2 June – 23 July. 68
Specimen source: Dalea pupurea (1♂), Desmanthus illinoensis (1♀), Lythrum
alatum (3♀), Melilotus officinalis (1♀), Ratibida pinnata (1♂), Stenaria
nigricans (3♀, 1♂). No data (1♀).
Recorded distribution: Generally distributed throughout the Eastern
United States, reaching North Dakota, Colorado Texas and New
Mexico in the West (Mitchell, 1962; Hurd, 1979).
Recorded flight time: May to October (Mitchell, 1962).
Melissodes (Melissodes) communis communis Cresson
Sites: Chickasaw Co. (Tombigbee National Forest); Clay Co.
(Caradine/Muda Road); Lowndes Co. (Crawford); Oktibbeha Co.
(Osborn, Sessums).
Dates: 3 May – 5 November.
Specimen source: Aster spp. (33♀, 4♂), Blephilia ciliata (1♂), Chrysopsis sp.
(10♀), Dalea candida (7♀, 1♂), D. pupurea (14♀, 1♂), D. sp. (2♀),
Helenium amarum (Raf). (1♂), H. autumnale (1♀), Heterotheca
camporum (2♀), Linum sulcatum (1♀), Melilotus officinalis (2♀),
Neptunea lutea (15♀, 1♂), Ratibida pinnata (2♀, 2♂), Rudbeckia hirta
(1♀), Silphium laciniatum (1♂), Silphium terebinthinaceum (1♂),
Silphium sp. (1♂), Solidago sp. (6♀), Stenaria nigricas (3♀),
Symphyotrichum novae‐angliae (3♀), Trifolium pratense (1♀), Vernonia 69
sp. (1♀). Sweeping (15♀, 5♂). Malaise trap (12♀, 11♂). Collected
in ground nest (1♀). No specific data (1♀).
Recorded distribution: Southeastern Arizona, north through eastern
Colorado, Wyoming to North Dakota, and east through Illinois and
Indiana in the north and through Texas in the south, Florida
(Mitchell, 1962; Hurd, 1979; Deyrup et al., 2002).
Recorded flight time: March to September (Mitchell, 1962; Deyrup et al.,
2002).
Notes: This species was identified to subspecies by Dr. Wallace LaBerge.
Melissodes (Melissodes) comptoides Robertson
Sites: Clay Co. (Caradine/Muda Road).
Dates: 3 October.
Specimen source: Sweeping (1♀).
Recorded distribution: New Jersey to Florida, west to South Dakota,
Colorado and Arizona (Mitchell, 1962; Hurd, 1979; Deyrup et al.,
2002).
Recorded flight time: April to October (Mitchell, 1962; Deyrup et al.,
2002).
70
Melissodes comptoides/communis group
Sites: Lowndes Co. (Crawford); Oktibbeha Co. (Fire Tower Road, Osborn,
Sessums).
Dates: 20 May – 22 September.
Specimen source: Aster sp. (1♂), Lobelia sp. (1♀), Ratibida pinnata (1♀),
Rudbeckia hirta (3♀), Vernonia sp. (1♂). Malaise trap (1♀, 7♂).
Melissodes sp.
Sites: Oktibbeha Co. (Osborn).
Dates: 23 October.
Specimen source: Aster sp. (1♂).
Svastra (Epimelissodes) aegis (LaBerge)
Sites: Clay Co. (Caradine/Muda Road); Lowndes Co. (Crawford);
Oktibbeha Co. (Osborn).
Dates: 10 July – 21 August, 24 October.
Specimen source: Aster sp. (1♀), Ratibida pinnata (1♂), Rudbeckia hirta (1♀),
Silphium laciniatum (1♀), S. terebinthinaceum (1♀), S. sp. (2♂),
Vernonia sp. (1♂). Sweeping (1♀).
Recorded distribution: Texas to Florida, north to North Carolina
(Mitchell, 1962; Hurd, 1979; Deyrup et al., 2002).
Recorded flight time: July to October (Mitchell, 1962; Deyrup et al., 2002). 71
Svastra (Epimelissodes) obliqua (Say)
Sites: Lowndes Co. (Crawford); Oktibbeha Co. (Osborn Prairie).
Dates: 17 July – 5 August.
Specimen source: Silphium laciniatum (2♀, 1♂), Silphium sp. (2♀), Vernonia
sp. (1♀).
Recorded distribution: Southern Ontario and eastern Montana, south to
New Mexico and Florida (Mitchell, 1962; Hurd, 1979).
Recorded flight time: April to October (Mitchell, 1962).
Svastra (Epimelissodes) petulca (Cresson)
Sites: Lowndes Co. (Crawford); Oktibbeha Co. (Osborn, Rock Hill Road,
Sessums).
Dates: 24 May – 24 July.
Specimen source: Dalea pupurea (1♀), Lobelia sp. (1♀), Ratibida pinnata (5♀),
Rudbeckia hirta (2♂), Stenaria nigricans (1♀), Trifoluim pratense (1♀).
Sweeping (1♀). Malaise trap (2♀, 2♂). No specific data (3♀).
Recorded distribution: Eastern Texas north through Kansas to Illinois,
east to Florida, north along coast to New Jersey (Mitchell, 1962;
Hurd, 1979).
Recorded flight time: April to September (Mitchell, 1962).
72
Tetraloniella albata (Cresson)
Sites: Oktibbeha Co. (Fire Tower Road).
Dates: 14 June – 1 July.
Specimen source: Dalea candida (1♂), D. pupurea (2♀, 8♂).
Recorded distribution: Colorado, Texas to Illinois, South Dakota, Kansas,
Mississippi (Mitchell, 1962; Hurd, 1979; MacGown and Schiefer,
1992).
Recorded flight time: June and July (Mitchell, 1962; MacGown and
Schiefer, 1992).
Tribe Anthophorini
Anthophora (Anthophora) abrupta Say
Sites: Oktibbeha Co. (Osborn, Sessums).
Dates: 29 April – 27 May.
Specimen source: Lonicera japonica (1♂). Sweeping (1♀). Malaise trap
(7♀, 1♂).
Recorded distribution: New York to Florida, west to Michigan, south to
Louisiana, and Texas (Mitchell, 1962; Hurd, 1979).
Recorded flight time: March to September (Mitchell, 1962).
Notes: New state record for Mississippi.
73
Habropoda laboriosus (Fabricius)
Sites: Oktibbeha Co. (Osborn).
Dates: 4 – 25 March.
Specimen source: Malaise trap (6♂).
Recorded distribution: New England states west to Illinois, south to
Florida and Mississippi (Mitchell, 1962; Deyrup et al., 2002).
Recorded flight time: November, January to March in Florida, March to
May elsewhere (Mitchell, 1962; Deyrup et al., 2002).
Tribe Bombini
Bombus (Fervidobombus) fervidus (Fabricius)
Sites: Oktibbeha Co. (Osborn).
Dates: 4 September and 30 October.
Specimen source: Aster sp. (1♂), Liatris sp. (1♂).
Recorded distribution: Quebec and New Brunswick to Georgia, west to
British Columbia, Washington, Oregon, California (Mitchell, 1962;
Hurd, 1979).
Recorded flight time: May to October (Mitchell, 1962).
Bombus (Fervidibombus) pennsylvanicus (De Geer)
Sites: Chickasaw Co. (Tombigbee National Forest); Clay Co.
(Caradine/Muda Road); Oktibbeha Co. (Osborn, Sessums). 74
Dates: 19 March – 5 November.
Specimen source: Agalinis oligophylla (5♀), Asclepias tuberosa (1♀), Aster sp.
(9♀, 8♂), Belphilia ciliata (4♀), Bidens aristosa (10♀, 4♂), Chamaecrista
fasciculata (80♀), Chrysopsis sp. (2♀), Cirsium sp. (24♀), Dalea candida
(5♀), D. pupurea (23♀), D. sp. (3♀), Dasistoma macrophylla (5♀),
Desmanthus illinoensis (15♀), Erigeron philadelphicus (1♀), Gaura
biennis (6♀), Liatris aspera (105♀, 3♂), L. spicata (38♂, 1♀), L.
squarrosa (7♀), L. sp. (14♀), Lythrum alatum (13♀), Linum sulcatum
(2♀), Melilotus officinalis (1♀), Neptnea lutea (9♀), Oxalis sp. (1♀),
Prunella vulgaris (5♀), Ratibida pinnata (1♀), Sabatia campestris (1♀),
Silphium laciniatum (147♀), S. terebinthinaceum (30♀, 1♂), Solidago sp.
(2♀), Stenaria nigricans (3♀), Symphyotrichum novae‐angliae (1♀),
Verbena brasiliensis (1♀), V. simplex (1♀),Vernonia gigantea (1♀).
Sweeping (27♀, 9♂). Malaise trap (11♀).
Recorded distribution: Quebec and Ontario west through North Central
States and Great Plains to Pacific Coast, south through Mid Atlantic
States to Florida and throughout the Southeast (Mitchell, 1962;
Hurd, 1979; Deyrup et al., 2002).
Recorded flight time: March to May, July, September to November
(Deyrup et al., 2002). 75
Notes: This species was the most commonly collected bumble bee, and
593 specimens were collected from 35 floral hosts. However, 440
specimens were collected from only three host taxa: Silphium spp.
(180), Liatris spp. (154), and Chamaecrista fasciculata (80).
Bombus (Fraternobombus) fraternus (Smith)
Sites: Chickasaw Co. (Tombigbee National Forest); Clay Co.
(Caradine/Muda Road); Oktibbeha Co. (Osborn, Sessums).
Dates: 3 May – 6 November.
Specimen source: Asclepias tuberosa (2♀), A. viridiflora (10♀), Aster sp. (1♂),
Chamaecrista fasciculata (23♀), Dalea candida (14♀), D. pupurea (39♀),
D. sp. (1♀), Eupatorium sp. (1♂), Hypericum sphaerocarpum (2♀),
Liatris spicata (2♀), L. squarrosa (1♀), Neptunea lutea (4♀),
Pycnanthemum tenuifolium (4♀), Ratibida pinnata (48♀), Rudbeckia
hirta (1♀), Silphium laciniatum (2♀). Sweeping (13♀, 1♂). Malaise
trap (1♀).
Recorded distribution: New Jersey south to Florida and Mississippi, west
through North Central States and Great Plains to New Mexico
(Mitchell, 1962; Deyrup et al., 2002).
Recorded flight time: March to November (Deyrup et al., 2002).
76
Notes: Of 155 records from 16 floral hosts, 54 were from Dalea spp., 48
from Ratibida pinnata, and 23 from Chamaecrista fasciculata.
Bombus (Pyrobombus) bimaculatus Cresson
Sites: Oktibbeha Co. (Osborn, Sessums).
Dates: 18 May – 23 June.
Specimen source: Asclepias viridis (1♂), Dalea pupurea (1♀), Neptunea
lutea (1♀), Rosa sp. (2♀).
Recorded distribution: Ontario and Maine west to Illinois, Kansas, and
Oklahoma, south to Florida and Mississippi (Mitchell, 1962; Hurd,
1979).
Recorded flight time: February to September (Mitchell, 1962).
Bombus (Pyrobombus) impatiens Cresson
Sites: Chickasaw Co. (Tombigbee National Forest); Clay Co.
(Caradine/Muda Road); Oktibbeha Co. (Osborn, Sessums).
Dates: 2 June – 5 November.
Specimen source: Aster sp. (1♀, 3♂), Chamaecrista fasciculata (17♀), Dalea
pupurea (3♀), Gaura biennis (2♀), Neptunea lutea (3♀), Pycnanthemum
tenuifolium (1♀), Silphium laciniatum (1♀). Sweeping (2♀, 2♂).
77
Recorded distribution: Ontario and Maine, west to Michigan, Illinois, and
Kansas, south to Florida and Mississippi (Mitchell, 1962; Hurd,
1979; Deyrup et al., 2002).
Recorded flight time: March to November, January and February in
Florida (Mitchell, 1962; Deyrup et al., 2002).
Notes: Of 31 specimens collected on seven floral hosts, 17 were collected
on Chamaecrista fasciculata.
Bombus (Separatobombus) griseocollis (De Geer)
Sites: Oktibbeha Co. (Osborn, Sessums).
Dates: 22 April – 14 July.
Specimen source: Asclepias tuberosa (1♀), A. viridiflora (1♀), Blephilia ciliata
(1♀), Chamaecrista fasciculata (6♀), Dalea candida (37♀), D.pupurea
(78♀), D. sp. (12♀), Daucus carota (2♀), Hypericum sp. (1♀), Liatris
spicata (1♂), Neptunea lutea (6♀), Prunella vulgaris (1♀), Ratibida
pinnata (21♀), Rudbeckia hirta (2♀), Stenaria nigricans (1♀). Sweeping
(4♀). Malaise trap (1♀).
Recorded distribution: Quebec west to British Columbia, Washington,
Oregon and northern California, south to Florida (Mitchell, 1962;
Hurd, 1979; Deyrup et al., 2002).
78
Recorded flight time: February to August, November in Florida (Mitchell,
1962; Deyrup et al., 2002).
Notes: Of 171 specimens collected from 15 floral hosts, 127 were collected
on Dalea spp. New state record for Mississippi.
Bombus (Psithyrus) variabilis (Cresson)
Sites: Clay Co. (Caradine/Muda Road); Oktibbeha Co. (Osborn, Sessums).
Dates: 1 October – 5 November.
Specimen source: Aster sp. (1♂), Solidago sp. (1♂), Stenaria nigricans (1♂).
Sweeping (1♂).
Recorded distribution: Ohio west to North Dakota, South Dakota,
Nebraska, Oklahoma, Texas and New Mexico, south to Florida
(Mitchell, 1962; Hurd, 1979).
Recorded flight time: June to November with earlier records in Florida
(Mitchell, 1962).
Notes: New state record for Mississippi.
Tribe Apini Apis mellifera L.
Voucher specimens of Apis mellifera were not collected as part of this
survey, but this species was present at all sites.
79
CHAPTER IV
DISCUSSION
Diversity of native bees in the Black Belt Prairie.
The survey of the Black Belt Prairie resulted in 107 species of native bees, compared to 95 in the Hattiesburg, MS area (Michener, 1947), 124 from longleaf pine savannahs in Louisiana and Mississippi, the latter with records from
Mississippi based on Michenerʹs data (Bartholomew et al., 2006), 104 in the
Everglades National Park, and 113 in Archbold Biological Station, Florida. The fauna in the Black Belt is dissimilar to that in the Hattiesburg area. Only 32 species are shared between the two areas, with 76 species unique to the Black
Belt and 64 unique to the Hattiesburg area. The large differences in shared species between these two areas of Mississippi suggest that both areas are inadequately sampled, although many of the specimens from the Black Belt
Prairie, especially Halictidae, remain unidentified.
80
Floral hosts
Bees can be classified as specialists or generalists relative to preference of
floral hosts; although both types apply more to pollen collecting than foraging
for nectar. Generalist foraging is used largely by bees that are active longer than
the blooming period of any one plant species (Baker and Hurd, 1968; Macior,
1968; Eickwort and Ginsberg, 1980). Eusocial bees, e.g., most Apidae and many
Halictinae, usually are generalists, whereas solitary bees include both generalists
and specialists (Michener, 2007).
Examples of specialization in floral host preferences of bees in the Black
Belt are provided by species of Colletidae and Andrenidae. For the colletid,
Hylaeus affinis, 32 specimens were collected from eight hosts, but 25 of these were
collected from Daucus carota. During June when H. affinis was active, 31 floral
hosts were used by all native bees (Table 2). Of 41 floral host records for Colletes
spp., 36 are Dalea spp. Many Andrenidae were collected on one or two hosts, but the limited number of specimens for these species prohibits conclusions about their host specificity. However, Andrena gardineri included 125 specimens
collected on five hosts, and 114 of these were collected on Packera anonyma.
Andrena personata included 40 specimens collected from five hosts, of which 20
were Erigeron philadelphicus and 14 were Packera anonyma (Appendix B).
81
Although eusocial species are considered to be generalists, specialized host preferences are indicated by data for some Halictidae. Augochlorella gratiosa included 63 specimens collected from 16 species of floral hosts, however, more than half of these specimens are from Neptunea lutea, Helenium amarum, and
Stenaria nigricans. Likewise, Augochlorella striata included 206 specimens collected on 18 hosts, but 97 were collected on Neptunea lutea and 50 on
Desmanthus illinoensis. Halictus rubicundus was represented by 135 specimens from 15 floral hosts, of which 66 were from Dalea spp., 28 from Melilotus officinalis, and 14 from Neptunea lutea. Lasioglossum tegulare was represented by
90 specimens collected on 16 floral hosts, but 43 of these were collected on
Euphorbia corollata (Appendix B).
Host specificity among eusocial bees is further illustrated by species of
Bombus L. in the Black Belt. Collections of 961 specimens of seven species of
Bombus were made from 44 floral hosts in 15 families (Appendix B). Of these specimens, 790 were collected from four host taxa in two families (with species of a given genus combined): Dalea spp. (216 specimens), Silphium spp. (181 specimens), Liatris spp. (173 specimens), Chamaecrista fasciculata (126 specimens), and Ratibita pinnata (70 specimens). Five of these seven species of Bombus were active during June. Thus, these five host taxa are preferred over other hosts that were in bloom during the sampling period. 82
Numbers of specimens of the seven species of Bombus differed among the
hosts, suggesting that these differences were an effect of either a host preference
or competitive displacement among species of Bombus. For example, 67% of 593
specimens of B. pennsylvanicus were collected on Silphium spp. (147), Liatris spp.
(168), and Chamaecrista fasciculata (80). In contrast, 155 records from 16 floral
hosts were recorded for B. fraternus, and 54 were from Dalea spp., 48 from
Ratibida pinnata, and 23 from Chamaecrista fasciculata. For B. griseocollis 171
specimens were collected from 15 floral hosts, of which 127 were Dalea spp. For
B. impatiens 31 specimens were collected on seven hosts, of which 17 were from
Chamaecrista fasciculata. Although species of Bombus have a wide range of floral
hosts, data from this survey indicate that the constituent species have preferred
hosts and that these preferred hosts differ among the species (Appendix B).
Bees are classified into two large groups: short‐tongued (S‐T) and long‐ tongued (L‐T) although there are variations within each category (Michener,
2007). Flowers have nectaries that bees, along with other insects, gather
substances within them for carbohydrates for themselves and sometimes food for
the immatures. Bees will also gather pollen, but sometimes while gathering
nectar, the pollen will adhere to the body of the bee. Megachilidae and Apidae
are considered the L‐T bees, and the remainder bees are the S‐T. Flowers that are umbel or shallow would be favored by the S‐T bees. Flowers with deep corollas 83
can be visited by both types of bees, but the nectar is more easily accessible by the L‐T bees. This type of specialization is the reason for some preference on certain flowers.
84
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Poole, R. W. 1996. Nomia Insecta Nearctica. A Check List of the Insects of North America. Volume 2. Hymenoptera, Mecoptera, Megaloptera, Neuroptera, Rphidioptera, Trichoptera. Entomological Information Services, Rockville, MD 793 pp.
Porter, C. C. 1983. Ecological notes on Lower Rio Grande Valley Augochloropsis and Agapostemon (Hymenoptera: Halictidae). Florida Entomologist 66(3): 344‐353.
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Schiefer, T. L. 1998. Disjunct distribution of Cerambycidae (Coleoptera) in the Black Belt Prairie and Jackson Prairie in Mississippi and Alabama. Coleopterists Bulletin 52: 278‐284.
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Table 1 Number of field visits (v) and malaise trap (m) collections in Black Belt Prairie remnants in Oktibbeha County and Lowndes County during 1991‐2001, with principal survey beginning in June, 1999
Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Totals
v m v m v m v m v m v m v m v m v m v m v M
1991 1 1 5 3 4 4 1 4 1 3 1 12 16
1992 3 3 4 10 0
1993 1 1 3 1 6 0
1995 1 3 1 5 0
90 1996 1 3 4 0
1997 1 1 0
1998 2 1 4 2 9 0
1999 1 1 2 6 2 13 10 7 8 9 10 10 10 3 2 52 42
2000 4 4 9 6 13 10 14 8 17 8 14 6 9 11 91 42
2001 2 6 3 1 4 1 1 2 12 8
Totals 5 4 16 6 25 13 21 13 39 14 35 20 20 12 26 13 12 11 3 2 202 108
Table 2 List of bees in Mississippi, based on Michener (1947), LaBerge (1956, 1986), Mitchell (1960, 1962), MacGown and Schiefer (1992), Cane et al. (1996) and this survey, with species in Black Belt Prairie indicated by asterisk, new state records by ʺNSRʺ, and disjunct species from the Great Plains and western states by ʺDSʺ
Colletidae Colletes americanus Cresson Colletes inaequalis Say* NSR Colletes simulans armatus Patton Colletes banksi Swenk Colletes nudus Robertson Colletes robertsonii Dalla Torre Hylaeus affinis (Smith)* Hylaeus cressoni (Cockerell)* Hylaeus modestus Say* Hylaeus sp. nr. floridanus (Robertson)* NSR Hylaeus teleporus (Lovell)?* NSR Hylaeus ziziae (Robertson)
Andrenidae Andrena accepta Viereck Andrena asteris Robertson Andrena asteroids Mitchell Andrena banksi Mitchell Andrena barbilabris Kirby* NSR Andrena bisalicis Viereck* NSR Andrena confederata Viereck* NSR Andrena cressoni Robertson* Andrena distans Provancher Andrena erigeniae Robertson* NSR Andrena faceta LaBerge* NSR, DS Andrena gardineri Cockerell* NSR Andrena helianthiformis Vierick and Cockerell* NSR, DS Andrena hilaris Smith Andrena ilicis Mitchell* NSR Andrena illinoiensis Robertson* NSR
91
Table 2 Continued
Andrena imitatrix Cresson* Andrena krigiana Robertson Andrena macra Mitchell* Andrena macoupinensis Robertson* NSR Andrena melanochroa Cockerell* NSR Andrena microchlora Cockerell* NSR, DS Andrena miserabilis Cresson Andrena morrisonella Viereck* NSR Andrena nasonii Robertson* NSR Andrena nida Mitchell Andrena nigrae Robertson* Andrena nigrifrons (Cresson)* NSR Andrena nothoscordi Robertson* NSR, DS Andrena n. sp.? * Andrena nuda Robertson* NSR Andrena perplexa Smith Andrena personata Robertson* NSR Andrena sola Viereck* NSR, DS Andrena salictaria Robertson Andrena texana Cresson* NSR, DS Andrena viburnella Graenicher Andrena virginiana Mitchell* NSR, DS Andrena w‐scripta Viereck* NSR Andrena ziziae Robertson* NSR Calliopsis andreniformis Smith Panurginus atromontensis Crawford Panurginus polytrichus Cockerell* Perdita bequaerti Viereck Perdita bishoppi Cockerell Perdita boltoniae (Robertson) Perdita bradleyi Viereck Perdita chrysopsina Timberlake Perdita georgica Timberlake Perdita gerardiae Crawford Perdita mitchelli Timberlake
92
Table 2 Continued
Perdita octomaculata (Say) Pseudopanurgus fraterculus (Cockerell) Pseudopanurgus gerardiae Crawford Pseudopanurgus rugosus (Robertson) Pseudopanurgus nebrascensis (Crawford) Pseudopanurgus parvus (Robertson) Pseudopanurgus solidaginis (Robertson)
Halictidae Agapostemon radiatus (Say) Agapostemon splendens (Lepeletier) Agapostemon virescens (F.)* Augochlora pura (Say)* Augochlorella gratiosa Smith* Augochlorella striata (Provancher) Augochloropsis cuprea (Smith) Augochloropsis metallica (F.)* Dieunomia heteropoda (Say) Dufourea marginata (Cresson) Halictus confusus Smith* Halictus ligatus Say* Halictus parallelus Say* Halictus provancheri Dalla Torre Halictus rubicundus (Christ)* Lasioglossum apertus (Sandhouse) Lasioglossum arcuatus (Robertson) Lasioglossum apopkensis (Robertson) Lasioglossum coreopsis (Robertson) Lasioglossum imitatum (Smith) Lasioglossum inconspicuous (Smith) Lasioglossum lustrans (Cockerell)* Lasioglossum pectoralis (Smith) Lasioglossum pilosus (Smith) Lasioglossum reticulatum (Robertson)* NSR Lasioglossum sparsum (Robertson)
93
Table 2 Continued
Lasioglossum tegulare (Robertson)* Lasioglossum versatus (Robertson) Lasioglossum vierecki (Crawford) Lasioglossum zephyrus (Smith) Nomia maneei Cockerell* Nomia nevadensis Cresson Nomia nortoni Cresson* NSR Sphecodes minor Robertson
Mellitidae Melitta americana Smith Hesperapis oraria Snelling and Stage
Megachilidae Anthidiellum notatum (Latreille)* Anthidium maculifrons Smith* Coelioxys germana Cresson* NSR Coelioxys mexicana Cresson* NSR Coelioxys modesta Smith Coelioxys sayi Robertson* Heriades carinata Cresson* NSR Heriades leavitti Crawford* NSR Hoplitis pilosifrons (Cresson)* NSR Hoplitis producta (Cresson)* NSR Hoplitis truncata (Cresson) * Megachile albitarsis Cresson* Megachile brevis Cresson* Megachile campanulae Megachile exilis Cresson* Osmia georgica Cresson Megachile mendica Cresson* Megachile parallela Smith Megachile petulans Cresson* Megachile policaris Say* NSR Megachile texana Cresson*
94
Table 2 Continued
Megachile xylocopoides Smith* Osmia chalybea Smith* Osmia conjuncta Cresson* NSR Osmia georgica Cresson* Osmia lignaria Say* NSR Osmia pumila Cresson* NSR Osmia sandhouseae Mitchell* Osmia subfasciata (Cresson)* Stelis labiata (Provancher)* NSR Stelis lateralis Cressson* NSR Stelis louisae Cockerell Trachusa ridingsii (Cresson)* Trachusa zebratum (Cresson)
Apidae Anthophora abrupta Say* NSR Apis mellifera Linnaeus* Bombus americanorum (Fabricius) Bombus bimaculatus Cresson* Bombus fervidus (Fabricius)* Bombus fraternus Smith* Bombus griseocollis (De Geer)* NSR Bombus impatiens Cresson* Bombus pennsylvanicus De Geer* Bombus variabilis (Cresson)* NSR Ceratina calcarata Robertson* Ceratina cockerelli Smith* NSR Ceratina dupla Say* Ceratina strenua Smith Emphor bombiformis (Cresson) Emphoropsis floridana Smith Epeolus pusillus Cresson Exomalopsis asteris Mitchell* NSR, DS Exomalopsis micheneri Timberlake Habropoda laboriosus (Fabricius)*
95
Table 2 Continued
Melissodes agilis Cresson* Melissodes asteris Robertson Melissodes atripes Cresson Melissodes autumnalis Robertson Melissodes bimaculata (Lepeletier)* Melissodes boltoniae Robertson Melissodes carolinensis Dalla Torre Melissodes communis Cresson* Melissodes comptoides Robertson* Melissodes denticulata Smith* NSR Melissodes dentiventris Smith Melissodes fimbriata Cresson Melissodes fumosa LaBerge Melissodes nivea Robertson Melissodes obliqua (Say) Melissodes perplexa Cresson Melissodes petulca Cresson Melissodes rustica (Say)* Melissodes tepaneca Cresson Melissodes texana Cresson Melissodes tincta LaBerge Melissodes trinodis Robertson* Melitoma taurea (Say) Melissodes wheeleri Cockerell* NSR Nomada bella Cresson* NSR Nomada bishoppi Cockerell Nomada ovata (Robertson)* NSR Nomada seneciophila Mitchell* NSR Nomada subnigrocincta Swenk* NSR Nomada sulphurata Smith Nomada parva Robertson Nomada vincta Say* NSR Ptilothrix bombiformis (Cresson) Svastra aegis LaBerge* Svastra obliqua (Say)*
96
Table 2 Continued
Svastra petulca (Cresson)* Tetraloniella albata (Cresson)* Triepeolus concavus (Cresson) Triepeolus donatus (Smith) Triepeolus coquilletti Cockerell Triepeolus lunatus (Say) Triepeolus simplex Robertson Xenoglosssa strenua (Say) Anthophora abrupta Say Xylocopa virginica (Drury)*
97
Figure 1 Map of Mississippi Black Belt Prairie area (insert) with collection sites labeled within the appropriate county area (enlarged) which are historical prairie sites 98
70
60
50
40 specimens of
30 number
20
10
0 J F M AMJu Jl A S O N D
Figure 2 Colletidae flight activity in remnants of the Mississippi Black Belt Prairie during years 1991‐2001 according to the specimens collected
99
250
200
150 specimens of
number 100
50
0 J F M AMJu Jl A S O N D
Figure 3 Andrenidae flight activity in remnants of the Mississippi Black Belt Prairie during years 1991‐2001 according to the specimens collected
100
1200
1000
800
specimens 600 of
number 400
200
0 J FMAM Ju Jl A S O N D
Figure 4 Halictidae flight activity in remnants of the Mississippi Black Belt Prairie during years 1991‐2001 according to the specimens collected
101
140
120
100
80 specimens of
60 number
40
20
0 J F M AMJu Jl AS O ND
Figure 5 Megachilidae flight activity in remnants of the Mississippi Black Belt Prairie during years 1991‐2001 according to the specimens collected
102
450
400
350
300
250 specimens of
200
number 150
100
50
0 J F M A M Ju Jl A S O N D
Figure 6 Apidae flight activity in remnants of the Mississippi Black Belt Prairie during years 1991‐2001 according to the specimens collected
103 104
F‐ M‐ M‐ A‐ A‐ My‐ My‐ Jn‐ Jn‐ Jy‐ Jy‐ Ag‐ Ag‐ S‐ O‐ O‐ N‐ host II I II I II I II I II I II I II S‐I II I II I Achillea millefolium Agalinis oligophylla Agalinis sp. Ampelopsis arborea Asclepias tuberosa Asclepias viridiflora Asclepias viridis Aster pilsous Aster sp. Belphilia ciliata Bidens aristosa Buchnera floridana Campsis radicans Ceanothus americanus Chamaecrista fasciculata Chrysopsis sp. Cirsium sp. Coreopsis sp. Cornus drummondii Croton capiatus Croton monanthogynus Dalea candida Dalea purpurea Daucus carota Desmanthus illinoensis
Figure 7 Periods when bees were collected from flowering hosts. Months divided into period I for first 15 days and period II for remainder. Gray bars indicate periods when bees were not collected
105
F‐ M‐ M‐ A‐ A‐ My‐ My‐ Jn‐ Jn‐ Jy‐ Jy‐ Ag‐ Ag‐ S‐ O‐ O‐ N‐ host II I II I II I II I II I II I II S‐I II I II I Erigeron philadelphicus Erigeron sp. Eupatorium sp. Euphorbia corollata Gaura biennis Helenium amarum Helenium autumnale Helenium sp. Heliotropium tenellum Heterotheca camporum Hypericum sp. Hypericum sphaeocarpum Liatris aspera Liatris sp. Liatris spicata Liatris sqaurrosa Liatrus sp. Liatrus spicata Linum medium Linum sulcatum Lobelia sp. Lonicera japonica Lythrum lanceolata
Figure 7 Continued
‐
I N
‐ II O
‐
I O
‐
II S
I
‐
S
II
Ag ‐
I
Ag ‐
‐
II
Jy
‐
I
Jy
‐
II
Jn
‐
I
Jn
II
My ‐
I
My ‐
II
A ‐
I
A ‐
II
M ‐
I
M ‐
‐
II
F
Continued
bivalve
host sp. lutea officinalis
vulgaris pinnata pinnata scandens scandens sp.
camphorata sp.
anonyma anonyma umbellata umbellata angustifolia 7
sp. sp. communis communis
aromatica aromatica glabra glabra sp. multiflora
Melilotus Rubus Rosa Rosa Rhus Rhus Ratibida Pycnanthemum Pycnanthemum tenuifolium Pyrus Prunus Prunus mexicana mexicana Prunus Prunella Prunus Packera Pluchea Packera Mentha Mentha Mikania Narcissus Neptunea Nothoscordum Oxalis Figure
106
‐
I 2 N
‐ 7 II O
‐
I 9
O
‐
II S 13
I
‐
14 S
II 16
Ag ‐
I
21
Ag ‐
‐
II
18
Jy
‐
I
22
Jy
‐
II 25
Jn
‐
I
18
Jn
II
23
My ‐
I
15
My ‐
II 14 A ‐
I 9 A ‐
6 II
M ‐
I 5
M ‐
‐ 2 II F
‐ novae species
Continued
sp.
brachiatum brachiatum host
host
blattaria blattaria
hirta hirta
sp. pratense of terebinthinaceum terebinthinaceum sp. gigantea gigantea sp.
sp. nigricans nigricans brasiliensis simplex
laciniatum
7 campestris campestris
sp.
lyrata
Silphium Silphium Silphium Silphium Sisyrinchium Stenaria Symphyotrichum angliae Vernonia Vernonia Verbascum Verbascum Verbena Verbena Trifolium Trifolium Trichostema Trichostema Salvia Silphim Sabatia Rudbeckia Ruellia Solidago Number
Figure
107
APPENDIX A
FLORAL HOSTS WITH ASSOCIATED NATIVE BEES IN REMNANTS OF THE
MISSISSIPPI BLACK BELT PRAIRIE WITH NUMBERS OF SPECIMENS
COLLECTED ON EACH HOST FAMILY AND SPECIES
108
Appendix A Floral hosts with associated native bees in remnants of the Mississippi Black Belt Prairie with numbers of specimens collected on each host family and species
Acanthaceae ‐‐ Acanthus family (4) Ruellia L. wild petunia Lasioglossum spp. (4)
Anacardiaceae ‐‐ Sumac family (57) Rhus aromatica Ait. fragrant sumac Andrena bisalicis, Andrena imitatrix, Andrena macoupinensis, Andrena melanochroa, Andrena nigrae, Andrena nigrifrons, Melissodes denticulata, Nomada sp. (29)
Rhus glabra L. smooth sumac Halictus confusus, Halictus ligatus, Halictus rubicundus, Lasioglossum imitatum, Lasioglossum tegulare, Megachile albitarsis, Xylocopa virginica. (28)
Apiaceae ‐‐ Carrot family (91) Daucus carota L. Queen Anne’s lace Andrena melanochroa, Bombus griseocollis, Halictus rubicundus, Heriades leavitti, Hylaeus affinis, Hylaeus cressoni, Hylaeus modestus, Lasioglossum imitatum, Lasioglossum tegulare, Sphecodes sp. (91)
Asclepiadaceae ‐‐ Milkweed family (31) Asclepias tuberosa L. butterfly milkweed Bombus fraternus, Bombus griseocollis, Bombus pennsylvanicus, Lasioglossum sp. (5)
Asclepias viridiflora Raf. green comet milkweed Bombus fraternus, Bombus griseocollis, Hylaeus affinis, Lasioglossum tegulare. (23)
109
Asclepias viridis Walt. green antelopehorn Bombus bimaculatus, Xylocopa virginica. (3)
Asteraceae ‐‐ Aster family (1,495) Achillea millefolium L. common yarrow Lasioglossum sp., Megachile xylocopoides. (10)
Aster L. aster Augochlorella striata, Bombus fervida, Bombus fraternus, Bombus impatiens, Bombus pennsylvanicus, Bombus variabilis, Coelioxys germana, Epeolus sp., Exomalopsis asteris, Hylaeus affinis, Lasioglossum tegulare, Megachile brevis, Megchile mendica, Megachile polcaris, Melissodes communis, Melissodes communis/comptoides group, Melissodes denticulata, Melissodes trinodes, Melissodes wheeleri, Nomada vincta, Svastra aegis, Xylocopa virginica. (113)
Bidens aristosa (Michx.) bearded beggarticks Bombus pennsylvanicus, Lasioglossum spp., Megachile petulans, Xylocopa virginica. (19)
Chrysopsis (Nutt.) goldenaster Bombus pennsylvanicus, Ceratina calcarata, Megachile albitarsis, Megachile brevis, Megchile mendica, Megachile petulans, Melissodes communis, Melissodes denticulata, Melissodes trinodes. (33)
Cirsium P. Mill. thistle Augochloropsis metallica, Bombus pennsylvanicus, Lasioglossum reticulatum, Osmis chalybea, Xylocopa virginica. (32)
Coreopsis L. tickseed Andrena gardineri, Augochlorella gratiosa, Epeolus sp., Lasioglossum sp., Megachile brevis, Megchile mendica, Megachile petulans, Megachile policaris, Osmia conjuncta, Osmia georgica. (30)
Erigeron spp. L. fleabane Augochlorella gratiosa, Ceratina calcarata, Halictus ligatus, Heriades leavitti, Lasioglossum spp. (17)
110
Erigeron philadelphicus L. Philadelphia fleabane Andrena bisalicis, Andrena faceta, Andrena gardineri, Andrena imitatrix, Andrena microchlora, Andrena personata, Augochlorella gratiosa, Bombus pennsylvanicus, Ceratina calcarata, Ceratina dupla, Coelioxys sayi, Halictus ligatus, Heriades leavitti, Hoplitis pilosifrons, Hylaeus affinis, Hylaeus modestus, Lasioglossum spp., Megachile brevis, Megchile mendica, Nomada seneciophila, Nomada subnigrocincta, Osmia conjuncta, Osmia georgica, Stelis lateralis, Xylocopa virginica. (78)
Erigeron strigosus Muhl. prairie fleabane Lasioglossum sp. (1)
Eupatorium L. thoroughwort Bombus fraternus. (1)
Helenium L. sneezeweed Ceratina calcarata. (1)
Helenium amarum (Raf.) yellowdicks Augochlorella gratiosa, Augochlorella striata, Halictus ligatus, Lasioglossum imitatum, Megachile brevis, Megachile mendica, Melissodes communis, Melissodes wheeleri. (86)
Helenium autumnale L. common sneezeweed Megachile brevis, Megachile xylocopoides, Melissodes communis. (4)
Heterotheca camporum (Green) lemonyellow false goldenaster Melissodes communis. (2)
Liatris Gaertn. blazing star Augochlorella gratiosa, Bombus fervida, Megachile georgica. (26)
Liatris aspera Michx. tall blazing star Bombus pennsylvanicus, Lasioglossum spp. (112)
Liatris spicata (L.) dense blazing star Bombus fraternus, Bombus griseocollis, Bombus pennsylvanicus, Halictus ligatus, Lasioglossum imitatum, Xylocopa virginica. (94) 111
Liatris squarrosa (L.) scaly blazing star Bombus fraternus, Bombus pennsylvanicus, Halictus ligatus, Lasioglossum imitaum. (17)
Mikania scandens (L.) climbing hempvine Lasioglossum sp., Megachile xylocopoides, Xylocopa virginica. (3)
Packera A. & D. Löve ragwort Lasioglossum spp. (2)
Packera anonyma (Wood) Small’s ragwort Andrena barbilabris, Andrena gardineri, Andrena microchlora, Andrena personata, Augochlorella striata, Ceratina calcarata, Ceratina dupla, Coelioxys sayi, Lasioglossum tegulare, Megachile brevis, Megachile mendica, Nomada bella, Nomada seneciophila, Osmia chalybea, Osmia georgica, Sphecodes sp., Xylocopa virginica. (187)
Packera obovata (Muhl.) roundleaf ragwort Andrena gardineri. (1)
Pluchea camphorata (L.) camphor pluchea Xylocopa virginica. (1)
Ratibida pinnata (Vent.) pinnate prairie coneflower Andrena helianthiformis, Augochlorella striata, Bombus fraternus, Bombus griseocollis, Bombus pennsylvanicus, Halictus ligatus, Halictus rubicundus, Hylaeus affinis, Lasioglossum spp., Megachile albitarsis,, Megachile petulans, Megachile polcaris, Megachile texana, Megachile xylocopoides, Melissodes bimaculata, Melissodes communis, Melissodes communis/comptoides group, Svastra aegis, Svastra petulca, Xylocopa virdinica. (129)
Rudbeckia hirta L. blackeyed Susan Andrena helianthiformis, Augochlorella striata, Bombus fraternus, Bombus griseocollis, Coelioxys mexicana, Colletes sp., Halcitus ligatus, Halictus rubicundus, Heriades leavittii, Hylaeus affinis, Lasioglossum lustrans, Lasioglossum tegulare, Megachile albitarsis, Megachile brevis, Megachile mendica, Megachile petulans, Megachile polcaris, Megachile 112
xylocopoides, Melissodes communis, Melissodes communis/comptoides group, Osmia georgica, Svastra aegis, Svastra petulca, Triepeolus simplex, Xylocopa virginica. (139)
Silphium L. rosinweed Melissodes communis, Svastra aegis, Svastra oblique. (5)
Silphium laciniatum L. complassplant Augochlorella gratiosa, Augochlorella striata, Bombus fraternus, Bombus impatiens, Bombus pennsylvanicus, Halictus ligatus, Halictus rubicundus, Lasioglossum imitatum, Megachile xylocopoides, Melissodes communis, Svastra aegis, Svastra obliqua, Xylocopa virginica. (217)
Silphium terebinthinaceum Jacq. prairie rosinweed Bombus pennsylvanicus, Lasioglossum reticulatum, Melissodes communis, Svastra aegis. (36)
Solidago L. goldenrod Augochlorella gratiosa, Augochlorella striata, Bombus pennsylvanicus, Bombus variabilis, Hylaeus affinis, Lsioglossum imitatum, Lasioglossum tegulare, Megachile brevis, Melissodes communis, Melissodes trinodes, Xylocopa virginica. (85)
Symphyotrichum novae‐angliae (L.) New England aster Bombus pennsylvanicus, Melissodes brevis, Melissodes communis, Melissodes denticulata, Melissodes wheeleri. (6)
Symphyotrichum pilosum (Willd.) hairy white oldfield aster Lasioglossum spp. (3)
Vernonia Schreb. ironweed Melissodes communis, Melissodes communis/comptoides group, Svastra aegis, Svastra obliqua. (4)
Vernonia gigantea (Walt.) giant ironweed Bombus pennsylvanicus. (1)
113
Bignoniaceae ‐‐ Trumpet‐creeper family (7) Campsis radicans (L.) trumpet creeper Augochlorella striata, Lasioglossum spp. (7) Boraginaceae ‐‐ Borage family (1) Heliotropium tenellum (Nutt.) pasture heliotrope Lasioglossum sp. (1)
Campanulaceae ‐‐ Bellflower family (2) Lobelia L. lobelia Melissodes communis/comptoides group, Svastra petulca. (2)
Caprifoliaceae ‐‐ Honeysuckle family (1) Lonicera japonica Thunb. Japanese honeysuckle Anthophora abrupta. (1)
Clusiaceae ‐‐ Mangosteen family (3) Hypericum L. St. Johnswort Bombus griseocollis. (1)
Hypericum sphaecocarpum Michx. roundseed St. Johnswort Bombus fraternus. (2)
Cornaceae ‐‐ Dogwood family (7) Cornus drummondii C.A. Mey. roughleaf dogwood Andrena morrisonella, Lasioglossum sp., Megachile xylocopoides, Xylocopa virginica. (7)
Euphorbiaceae ‐‐ Spruge family (105) Chamaesyce maculata (L.) spotted sandmat Anthidellum notatum, Lasioglossum spp. (4)
Croton capiatus Michx. hogwort Lasioglossum sp. (1)
Croton monanthogynus Michx. prairie tea Lasioglossum sp. (1)
114
Euphorbia corollata L. flowering spurge Collestes sp., Lasioglossum imitatum, Lasioglossum tegulare. (99)
Fabaceae ‐‐ Pea family (2,207) Chamaecrista fasciculata (Michx.) Greene var. fasciculata partridge pea Augochlorella striata, Augochloropsis metallica, Bombus fraternus, Bombus griseocollis, Bombus impatiens, Bombus pennsylvanicus, Lasioglossum spp., Xylocopa virginica. (139)
Dalea candida Michx. white prairie clover Augochlorella gratiosa, Bombus fraternus, Bombus griseocollis, Bombus pennsylvanicus, Colletes spp., Halictus parallelus, Halictus rubicundus, Lasioglossum imitatum, Lasioglossum tegulare, Megachile albitarsis, Megachile brevis, Megachile georgica, Megachile texana, Melissodes communis, Tetraloniella albata, Xylocopa virginica. (292)
Dalea pupurea Vent. purple prairie clover Anthidiellum notata, Augochlorella gratiosa, Augochlorella striata, Bombus bimaculatus, Bombus fraternus, Bombus griseocollis, Bombus impatiens, Bombus pennsylvanicus, Ceratina cockerelli, Colletes spp., Halictus parallelus, Halictus rubicundus, Heriades leavitti, Hoplitis pilosifrons, Lasioglossum imitatum, Lasioglossum tegulare, Megachile brevis, Megachile georgica, Megachile petulans, Megachile xylocopoides, Melissodes agilis, Melissodes bimaculata, Melissodes communis, Svastra petulca, Tetraloniella albata, Triepeolus simplex, Xylocopa virginica. (686)
Desmanthus illinoensis (Michx.) Illinois bundleflower Augochlorella gratiosa, Augochlorella striata, Bombus pennsylvanicus, Halictus rubicundus, Lasioglossum tegulare, Melissodes bimaculata, Xylocopa virginica. (96)
Melilotus officinalis (L.) yellow sweetclover Augochlorella gratiosa, Augochlorella striata, Bombus pennsylvanicus, Coelioxys sayi, Halictus ligatus, Halictus parallelus, Halictus rubicundus, Lasioglossum imitatum, Lasioglossum tegulare, Megachile mendica, Melissodes bimaculata, Melissodes communis, Xylocopa virginica. (135) 115
Neptunea lutea (Leavenworth) yellow neptunea Augochlora pura, Augochlorella gratiosa, Augochlorella striata, Bombus bimaculatus, Bombus fraternus, Bombus griseocollis, Bombus impatiens, Bombus pennsylvanicus, Halictus ligatus, Halictus rubicundus, Lasioglossum imitatum, Lasioglossum tegulare, Melissodes communis, Xylocopa virginica. (833)
Trifolium L. clover Colletes spp. (2)
Trifolium pratense L. red clover Melissodes communis, Svastra petulca. (2)
Gentianaceae ‐‐ Gentian family (5) Sabatia campestris Nutt. Texas star Bombus pennylvanicus, Lasioglossum sp., Xylocopa virginica. (5)
Iridaceae ‐‐ Iris family (15) Sisyrinchium L. blue‐eyed grass Andrena microchlora, Andrena personata, Augochloropsis metallica, Hoplitis pilosifrons, Lasioglossum spp., Osmia conjuncta, Xylocopa virginica. (15)
Lamiaceae ‐‐ Mint family (124) Blephilia ciliata (L.) downy pagoda‐plant Bombus griseocollis, Bombus pennsylvanicus, Halictus ligatus, Heridades carinata, Hoplitis pilosifrons, Lasioglossum spp., Megachile brevis, Megachile mendica, Megachile petulans, Megachile polcaris, Melissodes communis, Xylocopa virginica. (25)
Mentha L. mint Lasioglossum imitatum, Lasioglossum lustrans, Lasioglossum tegulare, Xylocopa virginica. (59)
Prunella vulgaris L. common selfheal Augochlorella gratiosa, Bombus griseocollis, Bombus pennsylvanicus, Hoplitis pilosifrons, Lasioglossum sp., Megachile mendica, Osmia conjuncta, Xylocopa virginica. (27) 116
Pycnanthemum tenuifolium Schrad. narrowleaf mountainmint Bombus fraternus, Bombus impatiens, Xylocopa virginica. (6)
Salvia lyrata L. lyreleaf sage Hoplitis pilosifrons, Megachile mendica, Osmia pumila, Xylocopa virginica. (6)
Trichostema brachiatum L. fluxweed Lasioglossum sp. (1)
Liliaceae ‐‐ Lily family (30) Narcissus L. daffodil Ceratina calcarata. (1)
Nothoscordum bivalve (L.) crowpoison Andrena nigrifrons, Andrena nothoscordi, Andrena personata, Augochlorella gratiosa, Augochlorella striata, Halictus rubicundus, Lasioglossum sp., Nomada sp. (29)
Linaceae ‐‐ Flax family (9) Linum medium (Planch.) Lasioglossum sp. (1)
Linum sulcatum Riddell grooved flax Bombus pennsylvanicus, Lasioglossum sp., Melissodes communis. (8)
Lythraceae ‐‐ Loosestrife family (31) Lythrum alatum Pursh winged lythrum Augochlorella striata, Bombus pennsylvanicus, Lasioglossum imitatum, Melissodes bimaculata. (31)
Onagraceae -- Evening Primrose family (353) Gaura biennis L. biennial beeblossom Augochlorella striata, Augochloropsis metallica, Bombus impatiens, Bombus pennsylvanicus, Lasioglossum imitatum, Lasioglossum reticulatum. (351)
117
Oenothera L. evening‐primrose Lasioglossum spp. (2)
Oxalidaceae ‐‐ Wood‐Sorrel family (17) Oxalis L. woodsorrel Andrena microchlora, Andrena personata, Augochlorella gratiosa, Bombus pennsylvanicus, Ceratina calcarata, Lasioglossum sp., Megachile brevis, Osmia conjuncta. (17)
Rhamnaceae ‐‐ Buckthorn family (4) Ceanothus americanus L. New Jersey tea Heriades leavitti, Lasioglossum spp., Osmia conjuncta. (4)
Rosaceae ‐‐ Rose family (92) Prunus angustifolia Marsh. Chickasaw plum Andrena bisalicis, Andrena gardineri, Andrena imitatrix, Andrena nigrae, Augochlora pura, Ceratina dupla, Colletes inequalis, Halictus rubicundus, Lasioglossum imitatum, Nomada sp., Xylocopa virginica. (36)
Prunus mexicana S. Wats. Mexican plum Andrena bisalicis, Andrena cressonii, Andrena confederata, Andrena illinoiensis, Andrena imitatrix, Andrena nuda, Andrena sola, Andrena virginiana, Colletes sp., Lasioglossum imitatum, Nomada sp. (32)
Prunus umbellata Ell. Hog plum Andrena bisalicis, Lasioglossum spp. (3)
Rosa L. rose Andrena imitatrix, Andrena microchlora, Bombus bimaculatus, Ceratina calcarata, Halictus rubicundus, Hylaeus affinis, Lasioglossum tegulare, Megachile brevis, Osmia conjuncta, Osmia pumila, Xylocopa virginica. (17)
Rosa multiflora Thunb. ex Murr. multiflora rose Ceratina calcarata. (1)
118
Rubus L. blackberry Megachile brevis, Osmia conjuncta. (2)
Pyrus communis L. common pear Andrena bisalicis. (1)
Rubiaceae ‐‐ Madder family (237) Stenaria nigricans (Lam.) diamondflowers Andrena microchlora, Augochlorella gratiosa, Augochlorella striata, Augochloropsis metallica, Bombus griseocollis, Bombus pennsylvanicus, Bombus variabilis, Calliopsis sp., Ceratina calcarata, Ceratina dupla, Coelioxys sayi, Halictus ligatus, Halictus rubicundus, Hoplitis pilosifrons, Hoplitis producta, Lasioglossum imitatum, Lasioglossum tegulare, Megachile albitarsis, Megachile brevis, Megachile georgica, Megachile mendica, Megachile polcaris, Megachile texana, Melissodes bimaculata, Melissodes communis, Osmia conjuncta, Svastra petulca, Xylocopa virginica. (237)
Scrophulariaceae ‐‐ Figwort family (62) Agalinis Raf. false foxglove Lasioglossum spp. (32)
Agalinis oligophylla Pennell ridgestem false foxglove Bombus pennsylvanicus, Lasioglossum spp. (22)
Buchnera americana L. American bluehearts Lasioglossum sp. (1)
Dasistoma macrophylla (Nutt.) mullein foxglove Bombus pennsylvanicus, Xylocopa virginica. (6)
Verbascum blattaria L. moth mullein Lasioglossum sp. (1)
Verbenaceae ‐‐ Verbena family (6) Verbena brasiliensis Vell. Brazilian vervain Bombus pennsylvanicus. (1)
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Verbena simplex Lehm. narrowleaf vervain Bombus pennsylvanicus, Hoplitis pilosifrons, Megachile brevis, Megachile georgica, Osmia conjuncta. (5)
Vitaceae ‐‐ Grape family (5) Ampelopsis arborea (L.) peppervine Augochlora pura, Augochlorella striata, Halictus rubicundus, Megachile xylocopoides. (5)
120
APPENDIX B
NATIVE BEE DATA IN REMNANTS OF THE
MISSISSIPPI BLACK BELT PRAIRIE
121
Appendix B Native bee data in remnants of the Mississippi Black Belt Prairie
Colletidae genus sp. sex site date host no. Colletes inaequalis M 1 26‐Feb‐00 Prunus angustifolia 4
Colletes sp. F 6 17‐Jun‐91 Dalea purpurea 4 Colletes sp. M 6 17‐Jun‐91 Dalea purpurea 1 Colletes sp. F 6 1‐Jun‐92 Dalea purpurea 3 Colletes sp. M 6 1‐Jun‐92 Dalea candida 1 Colletes sp. M 6 1‐Jun‐92 Dalea purpurea 1 Colletes sp. F 2 28‐Mar‐95 Prunus mexicana 1 Colletes sp. F 1 23‐Jun‐95 Trifolium sp. 1 Colletes sp. M 1 23‐Jun‐95 Trifolium sp. 1 Colletes sp. F 1 2‐Jun‐00 Dalea purpurea 6 Colletes sp. M 1 2‐Jun‐00 Dalea purpurea 1 Colletes sp. M 3 3‐Oct‐99 Euphorbia corollata 1 Colletes sp. F 1 3‐May‐00 Dalea purpurea 2 Colletes sp. M 1 3‐May‐00 Dalea purpurea 3 Colletes sp. F 1 29‐May‐00 Dalea candida 6 Colletes sp. M 1 29‐May‐00 Dalea candida 2 Colletes sp. M 1 29‐May‐00 Rudbeckia hirta 1 Colletes sp. F 1 2‐Jun‐00 Dalea purpurea 1 Colletes sp. F 1 6‐Jun‐00 Dalea candida 2 Colletes sp. F 1 6‐Jun‐00 Dalea purpurea 1 Colletes sp. M 1 6‐Jun‐00 Dalea purpurea 1 Colletes sp. F 1 12‐Jun‐00 Dalea purpurea 1
Hylaeus affinis F 1 7‐Jul‐99 Daucus carota 1 Hylaeus affinis F 2 1‐Oct‐99 Solidago sp. 1 Hylaeus affinis F 1 30‐Oct‐99 Aster sp. 1 Hylaeus affinis F 1 16‐Apr‐00 Erigeron philadelphicus 1 Hylaeus affinis F 1 19‐Apr‐00 Rosa sp. 1 Hylaeus affinis F 1 24‐May‐00 Daucus carota 4 Hylaeus affinis F 1 26‐May‐00 Asclepias viridiflora 1 Hylaeus affinis F 1 2‐Jun‐00 Ratibida pinnata 1 Hylaeus affinis F 1 12‐Jun‐00 Daucus carota 5 Hylaeus affinis F 1 12‐Jun‐00 Rudbeckia hirta 1 Hylaeus affinis F 1 14‐Jun‐00 Daucus carota 7 122
Hylaeus affinis F 2 15‐Jun‐00 Daucus carota 3 Hylaeus affinis F 1 19‐Jun‐00 Daucus carota 1 Hylaeus affinis F 1 21‐Jun‐00 Daucus carota 3 Hylaeus affinis F 1 7‐Jul‐00 Daucus carota 1
Hylaeus cressoni F 1 24‐May‐00 Daucus carota 1 Hylaeus cressoni F 1 12‐Jun‐00 Daucus carota 1
Hylaeus modestus M 1 22‐Apr‐00 Erigeron philadelphicus 1 Hylaeus modestus M 1 2‐Jun‐00 Daucus carota 1
Andrenidae Andrena barbilabris M 1 1‐Apr‐00 Packera anonyma 1
Andrena bisalicis M 6 2‐Mar‐92 Prunus umbellata 1 Andrena bisalicis M 1 10‐Mar‐93 Prunus angustifolia 1 Andrena bisalicis F 1 1‐Mar‐00 Prunus angustifolia 1 Andrena bisalicis M 1 10‐Mar‐93 Prunus mexicana 2 Andrena bisalicis F 1 13‐Mar‐00 Pyrus communis 1 Andrena bisalicis F 1 18‐Mar‐00 Rhus aromatica 1 Andrena bisalicis F 1 16‐Apr‐00 Erigeron philadelphicus 1 Andrena bisalicis M 1 1‐Apr‐01 Rhus aromatica 2
Andrena cressonii F 2 28‐Mar‐95 Prunus mexicana 1
Andrena onfederate F 2 28‐Mar‐95 Prunus mexicana 9 Andrena onfederate M 2 28‐Mar‐95 Prunus mexicana 4
Andrena faceta F 1 5‐Apr‐00 Erigeron philadelphicus 1
Andrena gardineri F 1 1‐Mar‐00 Prunus angustifolia 3 Andrena gardineri F 1 6‐Mar‐00 Prunus angustifolia 1 Andrena gardineri M 1 25‐Mar‐00 Erigeron philadelphicus 1 Andrena gardineri F 1 26‐Mar‐00 Packera anonyma 1 Andrena gardineri M 1 26‐Mar‐00 Packera anonyma 3 Andrena gardineri M 1 1‐Apr‐00 Erigeron philadelphicus 1 Andrena gardineri F 1 1‐Apr‐00 Packera anonyma 2 Andrena gardineri M 1 1‐Apr‐00 Packera anonyma 18 Andrena gardineri F 1 5‐Apr‐00 Erigeron philadelphicus 1
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Andrena gardineri M 1 5‐Apr‐00 Erigeron philadelphicus 1 Andrena gardineri F 1 5‐Apr‐00 Packera anonyma 11 Andrena gardineri M 1 5‐Apr‐00 Packera anonyma 1 Andrena gardineri F 1 10‐Apr‐00 Erigeron philadelphicus 1 Andrena gardineri F 1 10‐Apr‐00 Packera anonyma 19 Andrena gardineri M 1 10‐Apr‐00 Packera anonyma 2 Andrena gardineri F 1 16‐Apr‐00 Packera anonyma 6 Andrena gardineri F 1 17‐Apr‐00 Packera anonyma 10 Andrena gardineri F 1 19‐Apr‐00 Packera anonyma 13 Andrena gardineri M 1 19‐Apr‐00 Packera anonyma 1 Andrena gardineri F 1 22‐Apr‐00 Packera anonyma 4 Andrena gardineri F 1 11‐May‐00 Coreopsis sp. 1 Andrena gardineri F 1 12‐May‐00 Packera anonyma 2 Andrena gardineri M 2 6‐Apr‐01 Packera obovata 1 Andrena gardineri F 1 8‐Apr‐01 Packera anonyma 5 Andrena gardineri M 1 8‐Apr‐01 Packera anonyma 12 Andrena gardineri F 1 30‐Apr‐01 Packera anonyma 4
Andrena helianthiformis F 1 24‐Jun‐92 Ratibida pinnata 2 Andrena helianthiformis F 1 14‐Jun‐00 Rudbeckia hirta 1
Andrena illinoiensis F 2 28‐Mar‐95 Prunus mexicana 1
Andrena imitatrix M 1 10‐Mar‐93 Prunus mexicana 6 Andrena imitatrix M 1 1‐Mar‐00 Prunus angustifolia 1 Andrena imitatrix M 1 18‐Mar‐00 Rhus aromatica 1 Andrena imitatrix F 1 19‐Apr‐00 Rosa sp. 1 Andrena imitatrix F 1 22‐Apr‐00 Erigeron philadelphicus 1
Andrena macoupinensis M 1 1‐Apr‐01 Rhus aromatica 4
Andrena melanochroa F 1 24‐May‐00 Daucus carota 2 Andrena melanochroa F 1 26‐Mar‐00 Rhus aromatica 1 Andrena melanochroa F 1 1‐Apr‐01 Rhus aromatica 1
Andrena microchlora F 1 1‐Apr‐00 Sisyrinchium sp. 1 Andrena microchlora F 1 5‐Apr‐00 Erigeron philadelphicus 1 Andrena microchlora F 1 16‐Apr‐00 Oxalis sp. 4 Andrena microchlora F 1 16‐Apr‐00 Erigeron philadelphicus 1
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Andrena microchlora F 1 19‐Apr‐00 Rosa sp. 2 Andrena microchlora F 1 22‐Apr‐00 Sisyrinchium sp. 3 Andrena microchlora F 1 22‐Apr‐00 Stenaria nigricans 1 Andrena microchlora F 1 8‐Apr‐01 Packera anonyma 1
Andrena morrisonella F 1 12‐May‐00 Cornus drummondii 1 Andrena morrisonella F 1 17‐May‐00 Cornus drummondii 1
Andrena nigrae M 1 17‐Feb‐99 Prunus angustilofia 1 Andrena nigrae M 1 1‐Apr‐01 Rhus aromatica 3
Andrena nigrifrons M 1 13‐Mar‐00 Nothoscordum bivalve 4 Andrena nigrifrons M 1 18‐Mar‐00 Nothoscordum bivalve 1 Andrena nigrifrons M 1 25‐Mar‐00 Rhus aromatica 3 Andrena nigrifrons F 1 26‐Mar‐00 Rhus aromatica 1 Andrena nigrifrons M 1 26‐Mar‐00 Rhus aromatica 4 Andrena nigrifrons M 1 1‐Apr‐00 Nothoscordum bivalve 7 Andrena nigrifrons M 1 1‐Apr‐01 Rhus aromatica 3
Andrena northoscordi F 1 13‐Mar‐00 Nothoscordum bivalve 2 Andrena northoscordi F 1 22‐Mar‐00 Nothoscordum bivalve 2
Andrena nuda F 2 28‐Mar‐95 Prunus mexicana 1
Andrena personata M 1 13‐Mar‐00 Nothoscordum bivalve 1 Andrena personata F 1 18‐Mar‐00 Nothoscordum bivalve 1 Andrena personata M 1 1‐Apr‐00 Nothoscordum bivalve 1 Andrena personata M 1 1‐Apr‐00 Packera anonyma 7 Andrena personata M 1 1‐Apr‐00 Sisyrinchium sp. 1 Andrena personata M 1 5‐Apr‐00 Erigeron philadelphicus 5 Andrena personata M 1 5‐Apr‐00 Packera anonyma 6 Andrena personata M 1 10‐Apr‐00 Erigeron philadelphicus 2 Andrena personata M 1 10‐Apr‐00 Oxalis sp. 2 Andrena personata M 1 10‐Apr‐00 Packera anonyma 1 Andrena personata M 1 16‐Apr‐00 Erigeron philadelphicus 6 Andrena personata M 1 17‐Apr‐00 Erigeron philadelphicus 6 Andrena personata M 1 22‐Apr‐00 Erigeron philadelphicus 1
Andrena sola M 1 10‐Mar‐93 Prunus mexicana 2
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Andrena virginiana M 1 10‐Mar‐93 Prunus mexicana 1
Andrena sp. F 1 13‐Mar‐00 Nothoscordum bivalve 1 Andrena sp. F 1 22‐Mar‐00 Rhus aromatica 2 Andrena sp. M 1 26‐Mar‐00 Rhus aromatica 1 Andrena sp. M 1 1‐Apr‐00 Sisyrinchium sp. 1 Andrena sp. M 1 5‐Apr‐00 Packera anonyma 1
Calliopsis sp. F 1 12‐May‐00 Stenaria nigricans 1 Calliopsis sp. M 1 12‐May‐00 Stenaria nigricans 1 Calliopsis sp. F 1 17‐May‐00 Stenaria nigricans 1
Halictidae Augochlora pura F 1 1‐Mar‐00 Prunus angustifolia 1 Augochlora pura F 1 12‐Jun‐00 Ampelopsis arborea 1 Augochlora pura F 1 3‐Jul‐00 Neptunea lutea 1
Augochlorella gratiosa F 1 30‐Apr‐92 Erigeron sp. 2 Augochlorella gratiosa M 1 15‐Jun‐92 Melilotus officinalis 1 Augochlorella gratiosa F 1 8‐Jun‐99 Dalea candida 1 Augochlorella gratiosa F 1 21‐Jun‐99 Neptunea lutea 1 Augochlorella gratiosa F 1 23‐Jun‐99 Dalea purpurea 1 Augochlorella gratiosa F 1 28‐Jun‐99 Stenaria nigricans 1 Augochlorella gratiosa F 1 2‐Jul‐99 Dalea purpurea 2 Augochlorella gratiosa F 1 2‐Jul‐99 Stenaria nigricans 3 Augochlorella gratiosa F 1 26‐Jul‐99 Neptunea lutea 1 Augochlorella gratiosa F 1 6‐Aug‐99 Neptunea lutea 2 Augochlorella gratiosa F 1 18‐Mar‐00 Nothoscordum bivalve 1 Augochlorella gratiosa F 1 16‐Apr‐00 Oxalis sp. 1 Augochlorella gratiosa F 1 22‐Apr‐00 Stenaria nigricans 1 Augochlorella gratiosa F 1 26‐Apr‐00 Stenaria nigricans 1 Augochlorella gratiosa F 1 29‐Apr‐00 Prunella vulgaris 1 Augochlorella gratiosa F 1 29‐Apr‐00 Stenaria nigricans 1 Augochlorella gratiosa F 1 24‐May‐00 Coreopsis sp. 1 Augochlorella gratiosa F 1 31‐May‐00 Neptunea lutea 1 Augochlorella gratiosa F 1 2‐Jun‐00 Neptunea lutea 1 Augochlorella gratiosa F 1 6‐Jun‐00 Dalea purpurea 1 Augochlorella gratiosa F 1 6‐Jun‐00 Neptunea lutea 1 Augochlorella gratiosa F 1 14‐Jun‐00 Dalea purpurea 2
126
Augochlorella gratiosa F 1 19‐Jun‐00 Neptunea lutea 1 Augochlorella gratiosa F 1 21‐Jun‐00 Neptunea lutea 1 Augochlorella gratiosa F 1 22‐Jun‐00 Erigeron philadelphicus 1 Augochlorella gratiosa F 4 22‐Jun‐00 Neptunea lutea 1 Augochlorella gratiosa F 1 26‐Jun‐00 Liatris sp. 1 Augochlorella gratiosa F 1 26‐Jun‐00 Neptunea lutea 1 Augochlorella gratiosa F 1 26‐Jun‐00 Stenaria nigricans 2 Augochlorella gratiosa F 1 5‐Jul‐00 Desmanthus illinoensis 1 Augochlorella gratiosa F 1 7‐Jul‐00 Neptunea lutea 1 Augochlorella gratiosa F 1 12‐Jul‐00 Dalea purpurea 2 Augochlorella gratiosa F 1 14‐Jul‐00 Neptunea lutea 1 Augochlorella gratiosa F 1 19‐Jul‐00 Neptunea lutea 2 Augochlorella gratiosa F 1 26‐Jul‐00 Silphium laciniatum 1 Augochlorella gratiosa F 1 9‐Aug‐00 Silphium laciniatum 1 Augochlorella gratiosa F 1 9‐Aug‐00 Stenaria nigricans 1 Augochlorella gratiosa F 1 18‐Aug‐00 Helenium amarum 4 Augochlorella gratiosa F 1 18‐Aug‐00 Silphium laciniatum 2 Augochlorella gratiosa F 1 18‐Aug‐00 Solidago sp. 1 Augochlorella gratiosa F 1 25‐Aug‐00 Stenaria nigricans 1 Augochlorella gratiosa F 1 1‐Sep‐00 Helenium amarum 4 Augochlorella gratiosa F 1 1‐Sep‐00 Silphium laciniatum 1 Augochlorella gratiosa F 1 1‐Sep‐00 Stenaria nigricans 1 Augochlorella gratiosa F 1 4‐Sep‐00 Helenium amarum 3
Augochlorella striata F 6 1‐Jun‐92 Dalea purpurea 1 Augochlorella striata F 1 15‐Jun‐92 Ratibida pinnata 1 Augochlorella striata F 1 15‐Jul‐95 Rudbeckia hirta 9 Augochlorella striata F 1 23‐Jun‐99 Dalea purpurea 5 Augochlorella striata F 1 28‐Jun‐99 Dalea purpurea 1 Augochlorella striata F 1 28‐Jun‐99 Neptunea lutea 1 Augochlorella striata F 1 2‐Jul‐99 Dalea purpurea 1 Augochlorella striata F 1 2‐Jul‐99 Neptunea lutea 1 Augochlorella striata F 1 2‐Jul‐99 Stenaria nigricans 1 Augochlorella striata F 1 9‐Jul‐99 Desmanthus illinoensis 3 Augochlorella striata F 1 9‐Jul‐99 Neptunea lutea 4 Augochlorella striata F 1 14‐Jul‐99 Rudbeckia hirta 3 Augochlorella striata F 1 16‐Jul‐99 Desmanthus illinoensis 1 Augochlorella striata F 1 19‐Jul‐99 Desmanthus illinoensis 1 Augochlorella striata F 1 19‐Jul‐99 Lythrum lanceolatum 1
127
Augochlorella striata F 1 19‐Jul‐99 Neptunea lutea 4 Augochlorella striata F 2 16‐Aug‐99 Melilotus officinalis 1 Augochlorella striata F 1 5‐Nov‐99 Aster sp. 1 Augochlorella striata M 1 5‐Nov‐99 Aster sp. 1 Augochlorella striata F 1 18‐Mar‐00 Nothoscordum bivalve 1 Augochlorella striata F 1 5‐Apr‐00 Packera anonyma 2 Augochlorella striata F 1 12‐Jun‐00 Ampelopsis arborea 1 Augochlorella striata F 1 14‐Jun‐00 Neptunea lutea 1 Augochlorella striata M 1 21‐Jun‐00 Campsis radicans 1 Augochlorella striata F 1 21‐Jun‐00 Dalea purpurea 1 Augochlorella striata F 4 22‐Jun‐00 Dalea purpurea 3 Augochlorella striata F 4 22‐Jun‐00 Neptunea lutea 4 Augochlorella striata F 4 22‐Jun‐00 Silphium laciniatum 1 Augochlorella striata F 1 26‐Jun‐00 Desmanthus illinoensis 1 Augochlorella striata F 1 26‐Jun‐00 Neptunea lutea 9 Augochlorella striata F 1 30‐Jun‐00 Neptunea lutea 7 Augochlorella striata F 1 3‐Jul‐00 Desmanthus illinoensis 8 Augochlorella striata F 1 3‐Jul‐00 Neptunea lutea 12 Augochlorella striata F 1 5‐Jul‐00 Desmanthus illinoensis 9 Augochlorella striata F 1 5‐Jul‐00 Neptunea lutea 14 Augochlorella striata F 1 5‐Jul‐00 Stenaria nigricans 1 Augochlorella striata F 1 7‐Jul‐00 Dalea purpurea 1 Augochlorella striata F 1 7‐Jul‐00 Desmanthus illinoensis 13 Augochlorella striata F 1 7‐Jul‐00 Neptunea lutea 9 Augochlorella striata F 1 10‐Jul‐00 Neptunea lutea 14 Augochlorella striata F 1 12‐Jul‐00 Desmanthus illinoensis 7 Augochlorella striata F 1 12‐Jul‐00 Neptunea lutea 5 Augochlorella striata F 1 14‐Jul‐00 Chamaecrista fasciculata 1 Augochlorella striata F 1 14‐Jul‐00 Desmanthus illinoensis 6 Augochlorella striata F 1 14‐Jul‐00 Neptunea lutea 11 Augochlorella striata F 1 17‐Jul‐00 Desmanthus illinoensis 1 Augochlorella striata F 1 17‐Jul‐00 Stenaria nigricans 1 Augochlorella striata F 1 19‐Jul‐00 Neptunea lutea 1 Augochlorella striata F 1 26‐Jul‐00 Stenaria nigricans 1 Augochlorella striata F 1 9‐Aug‐00 Melilotus officinalis 3 Augochlorella striata M 1 9‐Aug‐00 Melilotus officinalis 1 Augochlorella striata F 1 9‐Aug‐00 Stenaria nigricans 1 Augochlorella striata F 1 18‐Aug‐00 Gaura biennis 1 Augochlorella striata F 1 18‐Aug‐00 Helenium amarum 1 Augochlorella striata F 1 18‐Aug‐00 Silphium laciniatum 2 128
Augochlorella striata M 1 18‐Aug‐00 Solidago sp. 1 Augochlorella striata F 1 25‐Aug‐00 Helenium amarum 1 Augochlorella striata F 1 25‐Aug‐00 Solidago sp. 1 Augochlorella striata F 1 28‐Aug‐00 Helenium amarum 2 Augochlorella striata F 1 28‐Aug‐00 Silphium laciniatum 1 Augochlorella striata F 1 1‐Sep‐00 Helenium amarum 2 Augochlorella striata F 1 4‐Sep‐00 Helenium amarum 1
Augochloropsis metallica F 1 9‐Jul‐99 Chamaecrista fasciculata 1 Augochloropsis metallica F 1 27‐Aug‐99 Gaura biennis 1 Augochloropsis metallica F 1 10‐Apr‐00 Sisyrinchium sp. 1 Augochloropsis metallica F 1 16‐Apr‐00 Sisyrinchium sp. 1 Augochloropsis metallica F 1 21‐Jun‐00 Stenaria nigricans 1 Augochloropsis metallica M 1 12‐Jul‐00 Stenaria nigricans 1 Augochloropsis metallica F 1 25‐Aug‐00 Gaura biennis 2 Augochloropsis metallica F 1 28‐Aug‐00 Cirsium sp. 1 Augochloropsis metallica F 1 28‐Aug‐00 Gaura biennis 1 Augochloropsis metallica F 1 1‐Sep‐00 Gaura biennis 1
Halictus confusus F 1 12‐Jun‐00 Rhus glabra 1
Halictus ligatus F 1 20‐Apr‐92 Erigeron sp. 1 Halictus ligatus F 1 15‐Jun‐92 Ratibida pinnata 9 Halictus ligatus M 1 15‐Jun‐92 Ratibida pinnata 2 Halictus ligatus F 1 15‐Jun‐92 Rudbeckia hirta 1 Halictus ligatus M 1 15‐Jun‐92 Rudbeckia hirta 1 Halictus ligatus F 6 24‐Jun‐92 Ratibida pinnata 2 Halictus ligatus F 1 7‐Jul‐93 Ratibida pinnata 1 Halictus ligatus F 1 25‐May‐99 Erigeron sp. 1 Halictus ligatus M 1 21‐Jun‐99 Melilotus officinalis 1 Halictus ligatus M 1 21‐Jun‐99 Ratibida pinnata 1 Halictus ligatus F 1 23‐Jun‐99 Ratibida pinnata 8 Halictus ligatus F 1 2‐Jul‐99 Liatris spicata 4 Halictus ligatus F 1 2‐Jul‐99 Silphium laciniatum 3 Halictus ligatus M 1 2‐Jul‐99 Stenaria nigricans 1 Halictus ligatus F 1 7‐Jul‐99 Liatris squarrosa 1 Halictus ligatus F 1 9‐Jul‐99 Melilotus officinalis 2 Halictus ligatus F 1 9‐Jul‐99 Neptunea lutea 1 Halictus ligatus F 1 9‐Jul‐99 Silphium laciniatum 4 Halictus ligatus F 1 14‐Jul‐99 Liatris spicata 1 129
Halictus ligatus F 1 14‐Jul‐99 Rudbeckia hirta 8 Halictus ligatus F 1 16‐Jul‐99 Rudbeckia hirta 8 Halictus ligatus F 1 19‐Jul‐99 Rudbeckia hirta 4 Halictus ligatus M 1 19‐Jul‐99 Rudbeckia hirta 1 Halictus ligatus F 2 23‐Jul‐99 Helenium amarum 17 Halictus ligatus F 2 30‐Jul‐99 Helenium amarum 17 Halictus ligatus F 1 10‐Apr‐00 Erigeron philadelphicus 1 Halictus ligatus F 1 22‐Apr‐00 Erigeron philadelphicus 1 Halictus ligatus F 1 15‐May‐00 Blephilia ciliata 1 Halictus ligatus F 1 24‐May‐00 Rudbeckia hirta 2 Halictus ligatus F 1 26‐May‐00 Rudbeckia hirta 4 Halictus ligatus M 1 26‐May‐00 Rudbeckia hirta 2 Halictus ligatus F 1 29‐May‐00 Rudbeckia hirta 1 Halictus ligatus M 1 29‐May‐00 Rudbeckia hirta 1 Halictus ligatus F 1 31‐May‐00 Rudbeckia hirta 3 Halictus ligatus F 1 2‐Jun‐00 Ratibida pinnata 1 Halictus ligatus F 1 2‐Jun‐00 Rudbeckia hirta 1 Halictus ligatus M 1 2‐Jun‐00 Rudbeckia hirta 1 Halictus ligatus F 1 6‐Jun‐00 Rudbeckia hirta 3 Halictus ligatus F 1 10‐Jun‐00 Ratibida pinnata 1 Halictus ligatus F 1 12‐Jun‐00 Rhus glabra 1 Halictus ligatus F 1 12‐Jun‐00 Rudbeckia hirta 1 Halictus ligatus F 1 14‐Jun‐00 Ratibida pinnata 1 Halictus ligatus F 1 14‐Jun‐00 Rudbeckia hirta 3 Halictus ligatus F 1 3‐Jul‐00 Silphium laciniatum 1 Halictus ligatus F 1 5‐Jul‐00 Ratibida pinnata 2 Halictus ligatus F 1 7‐Jul‐00 Liatris squarrosa 1 Halictus ligatus F 1 7‐Jul‐00 Silphium laciniatum 2 Halictus ligatus F 1 10‐Jul‐00 Silphium laciniatum 1 Halictus ligatus F 1 12‐Jul‐00 Silphium laciniatum 2 Halictus ligatus F 1 12‐Jul‐00 Stenaria nigricans 1 Halictus ligatus F 1 14‐Jul‐00 Silphium laciniatum 1 Halictus ligatus F 1 17‐Jul‐00 Silphium laciniatum 2 Halictus ligatus F 1 23‐Jul‐00 Silphium laciniatum 2 Halictus ligatus F 1 31‐Jul‐00 Silphium laciniatum 1
Halictus parallelus F 6 1‐Jun‐92 Melilotus officinalis 1 Halictus parallelus F 1 15‐Jun‐92 Dalea purpurea 1 Halictus parallelus F 6 24‐Jun‐92 Dalea candida 6 Halictus parallelus F 6 24‐Jun‐92 Dalea purpurea 2
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Halictus parallelus F 6 24‐Jun‐92 Melilotus officinalis 1 Halictus parallelus F 1 7‐Jul‐93 Melilotus officinalis 1 Halictus parallelus F 1 8‐Jul‐93 Melilotus officinalis 2 Halictus parallelus M 1 8‐Jul‐93 Melilotus officinalis 1
Halictus rubicundus F 2 7‐May‐98 Dalea purpurea 1 Halictus rubicundus F 2 17‐May‐98 Dalea purpurea 1 Halictus rubicundus F 1 6‐Mar‐00 Prunus angustifolia 1 Halictus rubicundus F 1 18‐Mar‐00 Nothoscordum bivalve 2 Halictus rubicundus F 1 22‐Mar‐00 Nothoscordum bivalve 1 Halictus rubicundus F 1 1‐Apr‐00 Nothoscordum bivalve 1 Halictus rubicundus F 1 19‐Apr‐00 Rosa sp. 1 Halictus rubicundus F 1 17‐May‐00 Daucus carota 1 Halictus rubicundus M 2 18‐May‐00 Daucus carota 1 Halictus rubicundus F 1 26‐May‐00 Daucus carota 1 Halictus rubicundus F 1 29‐May‐00 Daucus carota 1 Halictus rubicundus F 1 29‐May‐00 Dalea candida 5 Halictus rubicundus F 1 31‐May‐00 Neptunea lutea 2 Halictus rubicundus F 1 2‐Jun‐00 Dalea candida 6 Halictus rubicundus F 1 2‐Jun‐00 Dalea purpurea 1 Halictus rubicundus M 1 2‐Jun‐00 Ratibida pinnata 1 Halictus rubicundus F 1 6‐Jun‐00 Dalea candida 3 Halictus rubicundus F 1 6‐Jun‐00 Melilotus officinalis 1 Halictus rubicundus F 1 6‐Jun‐00 Rudbeckia hirta 1 Halictus rubicundus F 2 8‐Jun‐00 Dalea purpurea 6 Halictus rubicundus F 2 8‐Jun‐00 Melilotus officinalis 1 Halictus rubicundus F 1 10‐Jun‐00 Dalea sp. 2 Halictus rubicundus F 2 10‐Jun‐00 Dalea candida 12 Halictus rubicundus F 2 10‐Jun‐00 Melilotus officinalis 5 Halictus rubicundus M 1 10‐Jun‐00 Melilotus officinalis 2 Halictus rubicundus M 1 12‐Jun‐00 Ampelopsis arborea 1 Halictus rubicundus M 1 12‐Jun‐00 Daucus carota 1 Halictus rubicundus F 1 12‐Jun‐00 Dalea candida 3 Halictus rubicundus F 1 12‐Jun‐00 Dalea purpurea 4 Halictus rubicundus F 1 12‐Jun‐00 Desmanthus illinoensis 1 Halictus rubicundus M 1 12‐Jun‐00 Melilotus officinalis 2 Halictus rubicundus F 1 12‐Jun‐00 Neptunea lutea 7 Halictus rubicundus M 1 12‐Jun‐00 Rhus glabra 3 Halictus rubicundus F 1 12‐Jun‐00 Rudbeckia hirta 2 Halictus rubicundus M 1 12‐Jun‐00 Rudbeckia hirta 2
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Halictus rubicundus F 1 14‐Jun‐00 Dalea candida 3 Halictus rubicundus F 1 14‐Jun‐00 Dalea purpurea 3 Halictus rubicundus F 1 14‐Jun‐00 Melilotus officinalis 2 Halictus rubicundus M 1 14‐Jun‐00 Melilotus officinalis 3 Halictus rubicundus F 1 14‐Jun‐00 Neptunea lutea 4 Halictus rubicundus M 1 14‐Jun‐00 Ratibida pinnata 1 Halictus rubicundus F 2 15‐Jun‐00 Dalea candida 11 Halictus rubicundus F 2 15‐Jun‐00 Melilotus officinalis 7 Halictus rubicundus F 1 19‐Jun‐00 Melilotus officinalis 1 Halictus rubicundus M 1 19‐Jun‐00 Melilotus officinalis 2 Halictus rubicundus F 1 21‐Jun‐00 Dalea candida 3 Halictus rubicundus F 1 21‐Jun‐00 Neptunea lutea 1 Halictus rubicundus F 1 26‐Jun‐00 Dalea purpurea 1 Halictus rubicundus F 1 26‐Jun‐00 Melilotus officinalis 1 Halictus rubicundus F 1 26‐Jun‐00 Stenaria nigricans 1 Halictus rubicundus F 1 3‐Jul‐00 Stenaria nigricans 1 Halictus rubicundus F 1 7‐Jul‐00 Melilotus officinalis 1 Halictus rubicundus F 1 10‐Jul‐00 Dalea sp. 1 Halictus rubicundus F 1 10‐Jul‐00 Stenaria nigricans 1 Halictus rubicundus F 1 19‐Jul‐00 Silphium laciniatum 1
Lasioglossum imitatum F 1 10‐Mar‐93 Prunus mexicana 1 Lasioglossum imitatum F 1 8‐Jun‐99 Dalea purpurea 1 Lasioglossum imitatum F 1 12‐Jun‐99 Rhus glabra 10 Lasioglossum imitatum F 1 26‐Jun‐99 Daucus carota 1 Lasioglossum imitatum F 1 2‐Jul‐99 Liatris spicata 1 Lasioglossum imitatum F 1 2‐Jul‐99 Stenaria nigricans 1 Lasioglossum imitatum F 1 7‐Jul‐99 Daucus carota 2 Lasioglossum imitatum F 1 7‐Jul‐99 Liatris spicata 1 Lasioglossum imitatum F 1 9‐Jul‐99 Lythrum lanceolatum 1 Lasioglossum imitatum F 2 23‐Jul‐99 Mentha sp. 1 Lasioglossum imitatum F 2 30‐Jul‐99 Helenium amarum 3 Lasioglossum imitatum F 2 30‐Jul‐99 Mentha sp. 10 Lasioglossum imitatum F 1 27‐Aug‐99 Gaura biennis 1 Lasioglossum imitatum F 1 1‐Mar‐00 Prunus angustifolia 2 Lasioglossum imitatum F 1 6‐Mar‐00 Prunus angustifolia 2 Lasioglossum imitatum F 2 8‐Jun‐00 Dalea candida 1 Lasioglossum imitatum F 1 12‐Jun‐00 Daucus carota 7 Lasioglossum imitatum F 1 14‐Jun‐00 Dalea purpurea 5 Lasioglossum imitatum F 2 15‐Jun‐00 Dalea candida 1 132
Lasioglossum imitatum F 1 19‐Jun‐00 Stenaria nigricans 1 Lasioglossum imitatum F 1 21‐Jun‐00 Daucus carota 1 Lasioglossum imitatum F 4 22‐Jun‐00 Dalea purpurea 6 Lasioglossum imitatum F 4 22‐Jun‐00 Dalea purpurea 5 Lasioglossum imitatum F 4 22‐Jun‐00 Melilotus officinalis 1 Lasioglossum imitatum F 1 26‐Jun‐00 Neptunea lutea 1 Lasioglossum imitatum F 1 3‐Jul‐00 Neptunea lutea 1 Lasioglossum imitatum F 1 7‐Jul‐00 Liatris sqaurrosa 1 Lasioglossum imitatum F 1 9‐Aug‐00 Silphium laciniatim 1 Lasioglossum imitatum F 1 14‐Aug‐00 Gaura biennis 2 Lasioglossum imitatum F 1 18‐Aug‐00 Solidago sp. 2 Lasioglossum imitatum F 1 21‐Aug‐00 Euphorbia corollata 1 Lasioglossum imitatum F 1 21‐Aug‐00 Gaura biennis 3 Lasioglossum imitatum F 1 21‐Aug‐00 Solidago sp. 1 Lasioglossum imitatum F 1 25‐Aug‐00 Solidago sp. 5
Lasioglossum lustrans M 1 15‐Jun‐92 Rudbeckia hirta 1 Lasioglossum lustrans M 2 30‐Jul‐99 Mentha sp. 1 Lasioglossum lustrans F 1 6‐Jun‐00 Rudbeckia hirta 1
Lasioglossum reticulatum F 1 28‐Aug‐00 Gaura biennis 1 Lasioglossum reticulatum F 1 1‐Sep‐00 Cirsium sp. 1 Lasioglossum reticulatum F 1 1‐Sep‐00 Gaura biennis 1 Lasioglossum reticulatum F 1 1‐Sep‐00 Silphium terebinthinaceum 1 Lasioglossum reticulatum F 1 11‐Sep‐00 Gaura biennis 1
Lasioglossum tegulare F 6 1‐Jun‐92 Dalea purpurea 1 Lasioglossum tegulare F 1 11‐Jul‐95 Neptunea lutea 2 Lasioglossum tegulare F 1 29‐May‐00 Daucus carota 2 Lasioglossum tegulare F 1 8‐Jun‐99 Dalea candida 1 Lasioglossum tegulare F 1 28‐Jun‐99 Daucus carota 1 Lasioglossum tegulare F 1 28‐Jun‐99 Melilotus officinalis 1 Lasioglossum tegulare F 1 9‐Jul‐99 Neptunea lutea 1 Lasioglossum tegulare F 1 14‐Jul‐99 Desmanthus illinoensis 1 Lasioglossum tegulare F 1 14‐Jul‐99 Rudbeckia hirta 1 Lasioglossum tegulare F 1 19‐Jul‐99 Neptunea lutea 1 Lasioglossum tegulare F 1 26‐Jul‐99 Neptunea lutea 2 Lasioglossum tegulare F 1 28‐Jul‐99 Neptunea lutea 3 Lasioglossum tegulare F 2 30‐Jul‐99 Mentha sp. 2 Lasioglossum tegulare F 1 6‐Aug‐99 Euphorbia corollata 1
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Lasioglossum tegulare F 1 3‐Sep‐99 Euphorbia corollata 3 Lasioglossum tegulare F 1 5‐Nov‐99 Aster sp. 1 Lasioglossum tegulare F 1 5‐Apr‐00 Packera anonyma 1 Lasioglossum tegulare F 1 26‐Apr‐00 Rosa sp. 1 Lasioglossum tegulare F 1 24‐May‐00 Daucus carota 4 Lasioglossum tegulare F 1 26‐May‐00 Asclepias viridiflora 2 Lasioglossum tegulare F 1 2‐Jun‐00 Daucus carota 1 Lasioglossum tegulare F 1 2‐Jun‐00 Neptunea lutea 1 Lasioglossum tegulare F 1 12‐Jun‐00 Dalea purpurea 2 Lasioglossum tegulare F 1 12‐Jun‐00 Neptunea lutea 1 Lasioglossum tegulare F 1 12‐Jun‐00 Rhus glabra 1 Lasioglossum tegulare M 2 15‐Jun‐00 Dalea candida 1 Lasioglossum tegulare F 1 26‐Jun‐00 Dalea purpurea 1 Lasioglossum tegulare F 1 26‐Jun‐00 Melilotus officinalis 1 Lasioglossum tegulare M 1 26‐Jun‐00 Melilotus officinalis 1 Lasioglossum tegulare F 1 7‐Jul‐00 Neptunea lutea 1 no Lasioglossum tegulare 1 7‐Jul‐00 Desmanthus illinoensis 1 id Lasioglossum tegulare F 1 12‐Jul‐00 Dalea purpurea 1 Lasioglossum tegulare F 1 12‐Jul‐00 Stenaria nigricans 1 Lasioglossum tegulare F 1 19‐Jul‐00 Euphorbia corollata 1 Lasioglossum tegulare F 1 19‐Jul‐00 Stenaria nigricans 2 Lasioglossum tegulare F 1 19‐Jul‐00 Euphorbia corollata 1 Lasioglossum tegulare F 1 23‐Jul‐00 Euphorbia corollata 1 Lasioglossum tegulare F 1 31‐Jul‐00 Stenaria nigricans 2 Lasioglossum tegulare F 1 31‐Jul‐00 Euphorbia corollata 3 Lasioglossum tegulare F 1 9‐Aug‐00 Euphorbia corollata 4 Lasioglossum tegulare F 1 9‐Aug‐00 Stenaria nigricans 1 Lasioglossum tegulare F 1 18‐Aug‐00 Euphorbia corollata 3 Lasioglossum tegulare F 1 18‐Aug‐00 Solidago sp. 1 Lasioglossum tegulare F 1 21‐Aug‐00 Euphorbia corollata 1 Lasioglossum tegulare M 1 21‐Aug‐00 Euphorbia corollata 1 Lasioglossum tegulare F 1 25‐Aug‐00 Euphorbia corollata 5 Lasioglossum tegulare M 1 25‐Aug‐00 Euphorbia corollata 3 Lasioglossum tegulare F 1 28‐Aug‐00 Euphorbia corollata 7 Lasioglossum tegulare F 1 1‐Sep‐00 Euphorbia corollata 2 Lasioglossum tegulare M 1 1‐Sep‐00 Euphorbia corollata 1 Lasioglossum tegulare F 1 4‐Sep‐00 Euphorbia corollata 4 Lasioglossum tegulare F 1 11‐Sep‐00 Euphorbia corollata 2
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Lasioglossum sp. * 6 2‐Mar‐92 Prunus umbellata 2 Lasioglossum sp. * 2 7‐May‐98 Achillea millefolium 9 Lasioglossum sp. * 2 7‐May‐98 Dalea candida 5 Lasioglossum sp. * 2 6‐Sep‐98 Mikania scandens 1 Lasioglossum sp. * 2 11‐Oct‐98 Aster pilsous 3 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 21‐Apr‐99 Rudbeckia hirta 1 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 21‐May‐99 Erigeron sp. 3 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 25‐May‐99 Erigeron sp. 3 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 25‐May‐99 Packera sp. 1 Lasioglossum sp. * 5 29‐May‐99 Oenothera sp. 2 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 8‐Jun‐99 Daucus carota 1 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 8‐Jun‐99 Dalea candida 4 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 8‐Jun‐99 Dalea purpurea 2 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 8‐Jun‐99 Erigeron sp. 4 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 21‐Jun‐99 Dalea sp. 1 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 21‐Jun‐99 Melilotus officinalis 1 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 23‐Jun‐99 Dalea candida 46 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 23‐Jun‐99 Dalea purpurea 37 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 23‐Jun‐99 Linum medium 1 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 23‐Jun‐99 Melilotus officinalis 2 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 23‐Jun‐99 Neptunea lutea 31 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 23‐Jun‐99 Ratibida pinnata 4 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 23‐Jun‐99 Sabatia campestris 1 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 26‐Jun‐99 Daucus carota 1 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 26‐Jun‐99 Neptunea lutea 1 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 28‐Jun‐99 Dalea candida 1 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 28‐Jun‐99 Dalea purpurea 18 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 28‐Jun‐99 Daucus carota 5 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 28‐Jun‐99 Heliotropium tenellum 1 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 28‐Jun‐99 Melilotus officinalis 18 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 28‐Jun‐99 Neptunea lutea 21 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 2‐Jul‐99 Dalea purpurea 3 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 2‐Jul‐99 Liatris spicata 12 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 2‐Jul‐99 Melilotus officinalis 3 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 2‐Jul‐99 Stenaria nigricans 11 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 7‐Jul‐99 Chamaecrista aculatete 2 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 7‐Jul‐99 Daucus carota 3 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 7‐Jul‐99 Liatris spicata 3 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 7‐Jul‐99 Liatris squarrosa 2 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 7‐Jul‐99 Melilotus officinalis 2
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Lasioglossum sp. * 1 7‐Jul‐99 Neptunea lutea 2 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 9‐Jul‐99 Daucus carota 2 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 9‐Jul‐99 Lythrum lanceolatum 2 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 9‐Jul‐99 Melilotus officinalis 15 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 9‐Jul‐99 Neptunea lutea 23 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 9‐Jul‐99 Silphium laciniatum 1 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 12‐Jul‐99 Neptunea lutea 4 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 14‐Jul‐99 Chamaecrista aculatete 4 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 14‐Jul‐99 Liatris spicata 2 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 14‐Jul‐99 Neptunea lutea 2 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 14‐Jul‐99 Rudbeckia hirta 1 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 16‐Jul‐99 Chamaecrista aculatete 1 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 16‐Jul‐99 Liatris spicata 2 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 16‐Jul‐99 Rudbeckia hirta 4 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 16‐Jul‐99 Silphium laciniatum 9 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 19‐Jul‐99 Lythrum lanceolatum 2 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 19‐Jul‐99 Neptunea lutea 12 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 19‐Jul‐99 Rudbeckia hirta 2 Lasioglossum sp. * 2 23‐Jul‐99 Mentha sp. 4 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 26‐Jul‐99 Melilotus officinalis 3 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 26‐Jul‐99 Neptunea lutea 10 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 28‐Jul‐99 Dalea purpurea 1 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 28‐Jul‐99 Melilotus officinalis 9 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 28‐Jul‐99 Neptunea lutea 9 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 28‐Jul‐99 Stenaria nigricans 1 Lasioglossum sp. * 2 30‐Jul‐99 Helenium amarum 7 Lasioglossum sp. * 2 30‐Jul‐99 Mentha sp. 34 Lasioglossum sp. * 2 2‐Aug‐99 Helenium amarum 2 Lasioglossum sp. * 2 2‐Aug‐99 Mentha sp. 3 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 6‐Aug‐99 Chamaecrista aculatete 1 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 6‐Aug‐99 Desmanthus illinoensis 5 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 6‐Aug‐99 Neptunea lutea 1 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 9‐Aug‐99 Euphorbia corollata 1 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 9‐Aug‐99 Liatris aspera 1 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 9‐Aug‐99 Silphium laciniatum 1 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 16‐Aug‐99 Croton capiatus 1 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 16‐Aug‐99 Croton monanthogynus 1 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 16‐Aug‐99 Euphorbia corollata 8 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 16‐Aug‐99 Silphim laciniatum 1 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 16‐Aug‐99 Silphium terebinthinaceum 1
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Lasioglossum sp. * 1 18‐Aug‐99 Euphorbia corollata 3 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 18‐Aug‐99 Liatris aspera 3 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 18‐Aug‐99 Liatris squarrosa 1 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 18‐Aug‐99 Stenaria nigricans 2 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 27‐Aug‐99 Euphorbia corollata 3 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 27‐Aug‐99 Gaura biennis 2 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 27‐Aug‐99 Trichostema brachiatum 1 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 3‐Sep‐99 Euphorbia corollata 3 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 3‐Sep‐99 Gaura biennis 1 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 17‐Sep‐99 Agalinis oligophylla 9 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 17‐Sep‐99 Bidens aristosa 1 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 17‐Sep‐99 Gaura biennis 6 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 24‐Sep‐99 Agalinis oligophylla 8 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 27‐Sep‐99 Bidens aristosa 1 Lasioglossum sp. * 2 1‐Oct‐99 Solidago sp. 16 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 5‐Nov‐99 Aster sp. 3 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 1‐Mar‐00 Prunus angustifolia 3 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 6‐Mar‐00 Prunus angustifolia 8 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 1‐Apr‐00 Nothoscordum bivalve 2 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 1‐Apr‐00 Sisyrinchium sp. 1 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 5‐Apr‐00 Erigeron philadelphicus 3 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 5‐Apr‐00 Packera anonyma 1 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 16‐Apr‐00 Erigeron philadelphicus 1 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 16‐Apr‐00 Oxalis sp. 1 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 16‐Apr‐00 Sisyrinchium sp. 1 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 17‐Apr‐00 Erigeron philadelphicus 1 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 19‐Apr‐00 Rosa sp. 4 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 22‐Apr‐00 Erigeron philadelphicus 1 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 1‐May‐00 Stenaria nigricans 1 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 3‐May‐00 Dalea purpurea 28 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 6‐May‐00 Stenaria nigricans 1 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 15‐May‐00 Asclepias viridiflora 1 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 15‐May‐00 Blephilia ciliata 1 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 15‐May‐00 Daucus carota 1 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 17‐May‐00 Blephilia ciliata 2 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 17‐May‐00 Prunella vulgaris 1 Lasioglossum sp. * 2 18‐May‐00 Cornus drummondii 1 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 22‐May‐00 Coreopsis sp. 1 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 22‐May‐00 Verbascum blattaria 1 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 24‐May‐00 Ceanothus americanus 1 137
Lasioglossum sp. * 1 24‐May‐00 Daucus carota 4 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 24‐May‐00 Erigeron strigosus 1 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 26‐May‐00 Asclepias viridiflora 8 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 26‐May‐00 Ceoanothus americanus 1 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 26‐May‐00 Neptunea lutea 8 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 29‐May‐00 Dalea candida 9 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 29‐May‐00 Dalea purpurea 7 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 29‐May‐00 Daucus carota 2 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 29‐May‐00 Neptunea lutea 9 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 31‐May‐00 Daucus carota 1 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 31‐May‐00 Melilotus officinalis 1 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 31‐May‐00 Neptunea lutea 8 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 31‐May‐00 Rudbeckia hirta 1 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 2‐Jun‐00 Dalea candida 24 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 2‐Jun‐00 Dalea purpurea 16 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 2‐Jun‐00 Melilotus officinalis 1 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 2‐Jun‐00 Neptunea lutea 22 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 6‐Jun‐00 Dalea candida 5 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 6‐Jun‐00 Dalea purpurea 18 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 6‐Jun‐00 Neptunea lutea 19 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 6‐Jun‐00 Ratibida pinnata 1 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 6‐Jun‐00 Rudbeckia hirta 2 Lasioglossum sp. * 2 8‐Jun‐00 Asclepias tuberosa 1 Lasioglossum sp. * 2 8‐Jun‐00 Dalea candida 2 Lasioglossum sp. * 2 8‐Jun‐00 Dalea purpurea 3 Lasioglossum sp. * 2 8‐Jun‐00 Stenaria nigricans 1 Lasioglossum sp. * 2 10‐Jun‐00 Dalea candida 12 Lasioglossum sp. * 2 10‐Jun‐00 Daucus carota 1 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 10‐Jun‐00 Melilotus officinalis 3 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 12‐Jun‐00 Dalea candida 3 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 12‐Jun‐00 Dalea purpurea 46 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 12‐Jun‐00 Daucus carota 1 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 12‐Jun‐00 Neptunea lutea 21 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 12‐Jun‐00 Rhus glabra 5 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 12‐Jun‐00 Rudbeckia hirta 1 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 14‐Jun‐00 Dalea candida 2 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 14‐Jun‐00 Dalea purpurea 73 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 14‐Jun‐00 Daucus carota 4 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 14‐Jun‐00 Neptunea lutea 21 Lasioglossum sp. * 2 15‐Jun‐00 Dalea candida 26
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Lasioglossum sp. * 2 15‐Jun‐00 Daucus carota 4 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 15‐Jun‐00 Melilotus officinalis 1 Lasioglossum sp. * 2 15‐Jun‐00 Stenaria nigricans 1 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 19‐Jun‐00 Dalea candida 1 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 19‐Jun‐00 Dalea purpurea 2 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 19‐Jun‐00 Melilotus officinalis 1 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 19‐Jun‐00 Neptunea lutea 23 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 19‐Jun‐00 Rudbeckia hirta 1 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 19‐Jun‐00 Stenaria nigricans 8 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 21‐Jun‐00 Campsis radicans 2 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 21‐Jun‐00 Dalea purpurea 60 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 21‐Jun‐00 Daucus carota 2 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 21‐Jun‐00 Linum sulcatum 1 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 21‐Jun‐00 Melilotus officinalis 1 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 21‐Jun‐00 Neptunea lutea 12 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 21‐Jun‐00 Stenaria nigricans 7 Lasioglossum sp. * 4 22‐Jun‐00 Dalea purpurea 18 Lasioglossum sp. * 4 22‐Jun‐00 Melilotus officinalis 3 Lasioglossum sp. * 4 22‐Jun‐00 Neptunea lutea 17 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 26‐Jun‐00 Buchnera floridana 1 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 26‐Jun‐00 Dalea candida 1 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 26‐Jun‐00 Dalea purpurea 44 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 26‐Jun‐00 Liatris sp. 1 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 26‐Jun‐00 Neptunea lutea 66 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 26‐Jun‐00 Silphium laciniatum 1 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 26‐Jun‐00 Stenaria nigricans 3 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 30‐Jun‐00 Dalea purpurea 3 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 30‐Jun‐00 Linum sulcatum 1 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 30‐Jun‐00 Melilotus officinalis 1 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 30‐Jun‐00 Neptunea lutea 78 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 30‐Jun‐00 Stenaria nigricans 12 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 30‐Jun‐00 Ruellia sp. 1 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 1‐Jul‐00 Liatris squarrosa 1 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 3‐Jul‐00 Dalea purpurea 6 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 3‐Jul‐00 Desmanthus illinoensis 3 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 3‐Jul‐00 Linum sulcatum 1 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 3‐Jul‐00 Neptunea lutea 56 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 3‐Jul‐00 Ruellia sp. 1 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 3‐Jul‐00 Stenaria nigricans 12
139
Lasioglossum sp. * 1 5‐Jul‐00 Dalea candida 1 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 5‐Jul‐00 Dalea purpurea 6 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 5‐Jul‐00 Desmanthus illinoensis 4 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 5‐Jul‐00 Lythrum lanceolatum 1 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 5‐Jul‐00 Neptunea lutea 30 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 5‐Jul‐00 Stenaria nigricans 4 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 7‐Jul‐00 Desmanthus illinoensis 3 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 7‐Jul‐00 Liatris squarrosa 1 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 7‐Jul‐00 Neptunea lutea 27 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 7‐Jul‐00 Ruellia sp. 1 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 7‐Jul‐00 Stenaria nigricans 6 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 10‐Jul‐00 Dalea candida 1 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 10‐Jul‐00 Euphorbia corollata 1 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 10‐Jul‐00 Neptunea lutea 48 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 12‐Jul‐00 Dalea purpurea 4 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 12‐Jul‐00 Desmanthus illinoensis 8 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 12‐Jul‐00 Linum sulcatum 1 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 12‐Jul‐00 Melilotus officinalis 1 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 12‐Jul‐00 Neptunea lutea 19 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 12‐Jul‐00 Stenaria nigricans 4 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 14‐Jul‐00 Neptunea lutea 13 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 14‐Jul‐00 Stenaria nigricans 3 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 17‐Jul‐00 Desmanthus illinoensis 1 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 17‐Jul‐00 Neptunea lutea 15 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 19‐Jul‐00 Dalea purpurea 2 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 19‐Jul‐00 Neptunea lutea 5 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 19‐Jul‐00 Stenaria nigricans 9 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 23‐Jul‐00 Lythrum lanceolatum 2 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 23‐Jul‐00 Silphium laciniatum 2 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 23‐Jul‐00 Stenaria nigricans 6 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 24‐Jul‐00 Linum sulcatum 1 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 24‐Jul‐00 Lythrum lanceolatum 4 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 24‐Jul‐00 Melilotus officinalis 1 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 24‐Jul‐00 Neptunea lutea 1 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 24‐Jul‐00 Silphium laciniatum 3 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 24‐Jul‐00 Stenaria nigricans 3 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 26‐Jul‐00 Liatris squarrosa 1 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 26‐Jul‐00 Lythrum lanceolatum 2 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 26‐Jul‐00 Stenaria nigricans 18 140
Lasioglossum sp. * 1 28‐Jul‐00 Melilotus officinalis 2 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 31‐Jul‐00 Gaura biennis 1 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 31‐Jul‐00 Melilotus officinalis 1 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 31‐Jul‐00 Ruellia sp. 1 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 31‐Jul‐00 Neptunea lutea 13 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 31‐Jul‐00 Silphium laciniatim 4 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 31‐Jul‐00 Stenaria nigricans 2 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 9‐Aug‐00 Campsis radicans 4 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 9‐Aug‐00 Euphorbia corollata 2 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 9‐Aug‐00 Gaura biennis 8 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 9‐Aug‐00 Melilotus officinalis 2 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 9‐Aug‐00 Silphium laciniatim 1 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 9‐Aug‐00 Stenaria nigricans 5 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 14‐Aug‐00 Euphorbia corollata 1 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 14‐Aug‐00 Gaura biennis 32 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 14‐Aug‐00 Liatris sp. 1 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 14‐Aug‐00 Melilotus officinalis 1 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 14‐Aug‐00 Neptunea lutea 2 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 14‐Aug‐00 Silphium laciniatum 1 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 14‐Aug‐00 Stenaria nigricans 2 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 18‐Aug‐00 Cirsium sp. 1 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 18‐Aug‐00 Euphorbia corollata 3 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 18‐Aug‐00 Gaura biennis 28 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 18‐Aug‐00 Helenium amarum 1 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 18‐Aug‐00 Liatris sp. 2 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 18‐Aug‐00 Silphium laciniatum 1 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 18‐Aug‐00 Solidago sp. 20 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 21‐Aug‐00 Euphorbia corollata 5 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 21‐Aug‐00 Gaura biennis 49 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 21‐Aug‐00 Solidago sp. 6 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 25‐Aug‐00 Chamaecrista aculatete 1 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 25‐Aug‐00 Gaura biennis 32 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 25‐Aug‐00 Heleniun amarum 1 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 25‐Aug‐00 Liatris sp. 1 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 25‐Aug‐00 Silphium laciniatum 1 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 25‐Aug‐00 Solidago sp. 12 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 28‐Aug‐00 Cirsium sp. 2 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 28‐Aug‐00 Euphorbia corollata 3 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 28‐Aug‐00 Gaura biennis 36 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 28‐Aug‐00 Helenium amarum 3 141
Lasioglossum sp. * 1 28‐Aug‐00 Melilotus officinalis 1 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 1‐Sep‐00 Gaura biennis 41 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 1‐Sep‐00 Heleniun amarum 2 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 1‐Sep‐00 Silphium laciniatum 1 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 1‐Sep‐00 Silphium terebinthinaceum 1 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 4‐Sep‐00 Chamaesyce aculate 1 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 4‐Sep‐00 Gaura biennis 45 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 11‐Sep‐00 Aster sp. 1 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 11‐Sep‐00 Gaura biennis 17 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 11‐Sep‐00 Liatris sp. 2 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 15‐Sep‐00 Agalinis sp. 5 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 15‐Sep‐00 Chamaesyce aculate 3 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 15‐Sep‐00 Gaura biennis 10 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 15‐Sep‐00 Helenium amarum 2 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 18‐Sep‐00 Agalinis sp. 5 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 18‐Sep‐00 Gaura biennis 10 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 18‐Sep‐00 Liatris sp. 1 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 22‐Sep‐00 Agalinis sp. 14 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 22‐Sep‐00 Aster sp. 1 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 22‐Sep‐00 Gaura biennis 8 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 29‐Sep‐00 Agalinis sp. 6 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 29‐Sep‐00 Helenium amarum 1 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 2‐Oct‐00 Agalinis sp. 1 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 2‐Oct‐00 Gaura biennis 1 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 2‐Oct‐00 Helenium amarum 1 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 4‐Oct‐00 Agalinis sp. 1 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 4‐Oct‐00 Helenium amarum 1 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 16‐Oct‐00 Gaura biennis 1 Lasioglossum sp. * 1 23‐Oct‐00 Aster sp. 1
Sphecodes sp. F 1 10‐Apr‐00 Packera anonyma 1 Sphecodes sp. F 1 29‐May‐00 Daucus carota 1
Megachilidae Anthidellum notatum M 1 30‐Jun‐00 Dalea purpurea 1 Anthidellum notatum F 1 3‐Jul‐00 Dalea purpurea 1 Anthidellum notatum F 1 4‐Sep‐00 Chamaesyce aculate 1
Coelioxys germana M 1 30‐Oct‐99 Aster sp. 1
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Coelioxys mexicana M 1 2‐Jun‐00 Rudbeckia hirta 1 Coelioxys mexicana F 1 6‐Jun‐00 Rudbeckia hirta 1
Coelioxys sayi M 1 5‐Apr‐00 Packera anonyma 1 Coelioxys sayi M 1 16‐Apr‐00 Erigeron philadelphicus 1 Coelioxys sayi M 1 17‐Apr‐00 Erigeron philadelphicus 1 Coelioxys sayi F 1 22‐Apr‐00 Stenaria nigricans 1 Coelioxys sayi M 1 22‐Apr‐00 Stenaria nigricans 1 Coelioxys sayi M 1 22‐Apr‐00 Erigeron philadelphicus 1 Coelioxys sayi F 1 26‐Apr‐00 Stenaria nigricans 1 Coelioxys sayi M 3 17‐Jun‐00 Melilotus officinalis 1
Heriades carinata F 1 17‐May‐00 Blephilia ciliata 1
Heriades leavitti F 1 8‐Jun‐99 Erigeron sp. 1 Heriades leavitti F 1 3‐May‐00 Erigeron philadelphicus 1 Heriades leavitti F 1 24‐May‐00 Ceanothus americanus 1 Heriades leavitti F 1 24‐May‐00 Erigeron philadelphicus 1 Heriades leavitti F 1 26‐May‐00 Rudbeckia hirta 1 Heriades leavitti F 1 2‐Jun‐00 Dalea purpurea 1 Heriades leavitti F 1 12‐Jun‐00 Rudbeckia hirta 1 Heriades leavitti F 1 12‐Jun‐00 Daucus carota 1 Heriades leavitti F 1 19‐Jun‐00 Daucus carota 1
Hoplitis pilosifrons M 1 16‐Apr‐00 Erigeron philadelphicus 1 Hoplitis pilosifrons M 1 17‐Apr‐00 Sisyrinchium sp. 1 Hoplitis pilosifrons F 1 22‐Apr‐00 Salvia lyrata 1 Hoplitis pilosifrons F 1 6‐May‐00 Stenaria nigricans 1 Hoplitis pilosifrons F 1 8‐May‐00 Prunella vulgaris 1 Hoplitis pilosifrons F 1 11‐May‐00 Prunella vulgaris 3 Hoplitis pilosifrons F 1 12‐May‐00 Prunella vulgaris 2 Hoplitis pilosifrons F 1 15‐May‐00 Blephilia ciliata 1 Hoplitis pilosifrons F 1 15‐May‐00 Verbena simplex 1 Hoplitis pilosifrons F 1 15‐May‐00 Blephilia ciliata 2 Hoplitis pilosifrons M 1 15‐May‐00 Prunella vulgaris 1 Hoplitis pilosifrons F 1 29‐May‐00 Dalea purpurea 1
Hoplitis producta F 1 6‐May‐00 Stenaria nigricans 1
Megachile albitarsis F 1 14‐Jul‐99 Rudbeckia hirta 1
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Megachile albitarsis F 3 3‐Oct‐99 Chrysopsis sp. 1 Megachile albitarsis F 2 8‐Jun‐00 Ratibida pinnata 1 Megachile albitarsis F 2 10‐Jun‐00 Dalea candida 1 Megachile albitarsis F 1 12‐Jun‐00 Rudbeckia hirta 4 Megachile albitarsis F 1 26‐Jun‐00 Stenaria nigricans 1 Megachile albitarsis F 1 30‐Jun‐00 Stenaria nigricans 1
Megachile brevis F 5 28‐May‐99 Dalea purpurea 1 Megachile brevis F 1 27‐Sep‐99 Helenium autumnale 1 Megachile brevis F 1 27‐Sep‐99 Solidago sp. 1 Megachile brevis F 2 1‐Oct‐99 Chrysopsis sp. 1 Megachile brevis F 3 3‐Oct‐99 Chrysopsis sp. 5 Megachile brevis M 3 3‐Oct‐99 Chrysopsis sp. 2 Megachile brevis F 3 24‐Oct‐99 Aster sp. 1 Megachile brevis F 3 24‐Oct‐99 Chrysopsis sp. 2 Megachile brevis M 3 24‐Oct‐99 Chrysopsis sp. 1 Megachile brevis F 3 24‐Oct‐99 Solidago sp. 1 Megachile brevis F 1 29‐Oct‐99 Aster sp. 1 Megachile brevis F 1 30‐Oct‐99 Chrysopsis sp. 1 Megachile brevis F 1 30‐Oct‐99 Helenium autumnale 1 Megachile brevis F 1 30‐Oct‐99 Aster sp. 1 Megachile brevis F 1 5‐Nov‐99 Aster sp. 1 Megachile brevis M 1 1‐Apr‐00 Packera anonyma 1 Megachile brevis M 1 5‐Apr‐00 Erigeron philadelphicus 1 Megachile brevis M 1 5‐Apr‐00 Packera anonyma 2 Megachile brevis M 1 16‐Apr‐00 Oxalis sp. 1 Megachile brevis M 1 16‐Apr‐00 Rubus sp. 1 Megachile brevis M 3 16‐Apr‐00 Rosa sp. 1 Megachile brevis M 1 16‐Apr‐00 Erigeron philadelphicus 1 Megachile brevis M 1 17‐Apr‐00 Rudbeckia hirta 1 Megachile brevis M 1 17‐Apr‐00 Oxalis sp. 1 Megachile brevis M 1 19‐Apr‐00 Stenaria nigricans 1 Megachile brevis M 1 22‐Apr‐00 Stenaria nigricans 1 Megachile brevis M 1 26‐Apr‐00 Erigeron philadelphicus 1 Megachile brevis M 1 28‐Apr‐00 Stenaria nigricans 1 Megachile brevis M 1 29‐Apr‐00 Stenaria nigricans 1 Megachile brevis M 1 1‐May‐00 Stenaria nigricans 1 Megachile brevis M 1 3‐May‐00 Coreopsis sp. 1 Megachile brevis M 1 7‐May‐00 Stenaria nigricans 1 Megachile brevis M 1 12‐May‐00 Coreopsis sp. 1
144
Megachile brevis M 1 15‐May‐00 Blephilia ciliata 1 Megachile brevis M 1 15‐May‐00 Coreopsis sp. 1 Megachile brevis M 1 17‐May‐00 Coreopsis sp. 2 Megachile brevis F 1 29‐May‐00 Dalea candida 1 Megachile brevis F 1 31‐May‐00 Verbena simplex 1 Megachile brevis F 1 2‐Jun‐00 Dalea candida 2 Megachile brevis F 1 2‐Jun‐00 Rudbeckia hirta 1 Megachile brevis M 1 2‐Jun‐00 Rudbeckia hirta 1 Megachile brevis F 1 6‐Jun‐00 Dalea candida 1 Megachile brevis F 1 6‐Jun‐00 Dalea purpurea 3 Megachile brevis F 1 10‐Jun‐00 Stenaria nigricans 1 Megachile brevis F 1 12‐Jun‐00 Dalea purpurea 1 Megachile brevis F 1 21‐Jun‐00 Coreopsis sp. 1 Megachile brevis F 1 21‐Jun‐00 Dalea purpurea 2 Megachile brevis F 1 21‐Jun‐00 Stenaria nigricans 2 Megachile brevis M 1 21‐Jun‐00 Stenaria nigricans 1 Megachile brevis F 1 26‐Jun‐00 Stenaria nigricans 2 Megachile brevis M 1 30‐Jun‐00 Stenaria nigricans 3 Megachile brevis M 1 3‐Jul‐00 Stenaria nigricans 1 Megachile brevis F 1 2‐Oct‐00 Helenium amarum 2 Megachile brevis F 1 4‐Oct‐00 Helenium amarum 1 Symphyotrichum novae‐ Megachile brevis F 1 23‐Oct‐00 1 angliae Megachile brevis F 1 23‐Oct‐00 Solidago sp. 1
Megachile georgica F 1 3‐May‐00 Dalea purpurea 1 Megachile georgica M 1 29‐May‐00 Verbena simplex 1 Megachile georgica F 1 2‐Jun‐00 Dalea candida 1 Megachile georgica F 1 14‐Jul‐00 Stenaria nigricans 1 Megachile georgica M 1 4‐Sep‐00 Liatris sp. 1
Megachile mendica F 3 3‐Oct‐99 Chrysopsis sp. 2 Megachile mendica F 1 29‐Oct‐99 Aster sp. 1 Megachile mendica M 1 5‐Apr‐00 Packera anonyma 2 Megachile mendica M 1 10‐Apr‐00 Erigeron philadelphicus 1 Megachile mendica M 1 10‐Apr‐00 Packera anonyma 1 Megachile mendica M 1 17‐Apr‐00 Packera anonyma 1 Megachile mendica M 1 26‐Apr‐00 Stenaria nigricans 1 Megachile mendica M 1 28‐Apr‐00 Erigeron philadelphicus 1 Megachile mendica M 1 28‐Apr‐00 Stenaria nigricans 1
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Megachile mendica M 1 3‐May‐00 Stenaria nigricans 1 Megachile mendica M 1 11‐May‐00 Blephilia ciliata 1 Megachile mendica M 1 15‐May‐00 Blephilia ciliata 1 Megachile mendica M 1 15‐May‐00 Coreopsis sp. 2 Megachile mendica F 1 17‐May‐00 Coreopsis sp. 1 Megachile mendica M 1 17‐May‐00 Salvia lyrata 1 Megachile mendica M 1 22‐May‐00 Coreopsis sp. 1 Megachile mendica M 1 22‐May‐00 Prunella vulgaris 1 Megachile mendica M 1 3‐Jun‐00 Stenaria nigricans 1 Megachile mendica F 1 12‐Jun‐00 Rudbeckia hirta 1 Megachile mendica F 2 15‐Jun‐00 Melilotus officinalis 1 Megachile mendica M 1 21‐Jun‐00 Stenaria nigricans 2 Megachile mendica M 1 26‐Jun‐00 Stenaria nigricans 4 Megachile mendica F 1 30‐Jun‐00 Stenaria nigricans 1 Megachile mendica M 1 30‐Jun‐00 Stenaria nigricans 1 Megachile mendica M 1 3‐Jul‐00 Stenaria nigricans 4 Megachile mendica F 1 29‐Sep‐00 Helenium amarum 1 Megachile mendica F 1 2‐Oct‐00 Helenium amarum 1 Megachile mendica F 1 4‐Oct‐00 Helenium amarum 1
Megachile petulans F 2 7‐May‐98 Ratibida pinnata 1 Megachile petulans F 1 2‐Jul‐99 Rudbeckia hirta 1 Megachile petulans F 2 1‐Oct‐99 Chrysopsis sp. 1 Megachile petulans F 1 15‐Oct‐99 Bidens aristosa 2 Megachile petulans M 3 24‐Oct‐99 Chrysopsis sp. 1 Megachile petulans M 1 12‐May‐00 Blephilia ciliata 1 Megachile petulans F 1 15‐May‐00 Coreopsis sp. 1 Megachile petulans M 1 24‐May‐00 Blephilia ciliata 1 Megachile petulans M 1 29‐May‐00 Rudbeckia hirta 1 Megachile petulans F 1 31‐May‐00 Rudbeckia hirta 1 Megachile petulans F 1 2‐Jun‐00 Dalea purpurea 1 Megachile petulans F 1 2‐Jun‐00 Rudbeckia hirta 1 Megachile petulans F 1 14‐Jun‐00 Dalea purpurea 1
Megachile polcaris F 1 30‐Oct‐99 Aster sp. 1 Megachile polcaris M 1 11‐May‐00 Coreopsis sp. 1 Megachile polcaris F 1 12‐May‐00 Blephilia ciliata 1 Megachile polcaris M 1 15‐May‐00 Coreopsis sp. 1 Megachile polcaris F 1 17‐May‐00 Coreopsis sp. 1 Megachile polcaris M 1 17‐May‐00 Coreopsis sp. 1
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Megachile polcaris M 1 22‐May‐00 Coreopsis sp. 1 Megachile polcaris F 1 26‐May‐00 Rudbeckia hirta 2 Megachile polcaris F 1 29‐May‐00 Rudbeckia hirta 1 Megachile polcaris F 1 31‐May‐00 Rudbeckia hirta 1 Megachile polcaris F 1 6‐Jun‐00 Ratibida pinnata 2 Megachile polcaris F 1 12‐Jun‐00 Rudbeckia hirta 2 Megachile polcaris F 1 26‐Jun‐00 Stenaria nigricans 1
Megachile texana M 1 15‐May‐00 Ratibida pinnata 1 Megachile texana M 2 15‐Jun‐00 Dalea candida 1 Megachile texana M 2 15‐Jun‐00 Stenaria nigricans 1 Megachile texana F 1 19‐Jul‐00 Stenaria nigricans 1
Megachile xylocopoides F 2 7‐May‐98 Achillea millefolium 1 Megachile xylocopoides M 2 23‐Aug‐98 Mikania scandens 1 Megachile xylocopoides F 1 6‐Aug‐99 Silphium laciniatum 1 Megachile xylocopoides F 1 30‐Oct‐99 Helenium autumnale 1 Megachile xylocopoides F 2 18‐May‐00 Cornus drummondii 1 Megachile xylocopoides F 1 26‐May‐00 Rudbeckia hirta 1 Megachile xylocopoides M 1 29‐May‐00 Rudbeckia hirta 1 Megachile xylocopoides F 1 31‐May‐00 Rudbeckia hirta 1 Megachile xylocopoides F 1 2‐Jun‐00 Rudbeckia hirta 3 Megachile xylocopoides F 1 6‐Jun‐00 Rudbeckia hirta 4 Megachile xylocopoides F 1 12‐Jun‐00 Ampelopsis arborea 1 Megachile xylocopoides M 1 12‐Jun‐00 Ampelopsis arborea 1 Megachile xylocopoides F 1 12‐Jun‐00 Rudbeckia hirta 2 Megachile xylocopoides F 1 14‐Jun‐00 Ratibida pinnata 1 Megachile xylocopoides F 1 21‐Jun‐00 Dalea purpurea 1
Osmia chalybea F 1 19‐Apr‐00 Packera anonyma 1 Osmia chalybea M 1 19‐Apr‐00 Cirsium sp. 1 Osmia chalybea M 1 7‐May‐00 Cirsium sp. 1
Osmia conjuncta M 1 1‐Apr‐00 Oxalis sp. 2 Osmia conjuncta F 1 5‐Apr‐00 Rosa sp. 1 Osmia conjuncta F 1 10‐Apr‐00 Erigeron philadephicus 1 Osmia conjuncta F 1 10‐Apr‐00 Oxalis sp. 1 Osmia conjuncta F 1 16‐Apr‐00 Stenaria nigricans 1 Osmia conjuncta F 1 19‐Apr‐00 Prunella vulgaris 1 Osmia conjuncta F 1 19‐Apr‐00 Rubus sp. 1
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Osmia conjuncta F 1 19‐Apr‐00 Stenaria nigricans 2 Osmia conjuncta F 1 24‐Apr‐00 Ceanothus americanus 1 Osmia conjuncta F 1 22‐Apr‐00 Sisyrinchium sp. 3 Osmia conjuncta F 1 22‐Apr‐00 Stenaria nigricans 5 Osmia conjuncta F 1 29‐Apr‐00 Oxalis sp. 1 Osmia conjuncta F 1 3‐May‐00 Stenaria nigricans 5 Osmia conjuncta F 1 7‐May‐00 Stenaria nigricans 2 Osmia conjuncta F 1 8‐May‐00 Prunella vulgaris 1 Osmia conjuncta F 1 15‐May‐00 Coreopsis sp. 1 Osmia conjuncta F 1 15‐May‐00 Prunella vulgaris 1 Osmia conjuncta F 1 29‐May‐00 Verbena simplex 1
Osmia georgica F 1 1‐Apr‐00 Packera anonyma 2 Osmia georgica M 1 1‐Apr‐00 Packera anonyma 1 Osmia georgica M 1 5‐Apr‐00 Erigeron philadephicus 1 Osmia georgica F 1 5‐Apr‐00 Packera anonyma 3 Osmia georgica M 1 5‐Apr‐00 Packera anonyma 1 Osmia georgica F 1 10‐Apr‐00 Packera anonyma 5 Osmia georgica F 1 16‐Apr‐00 Erigeron philadephicus 1 Osmia georgica F 1 16‐Apr‐00 Packera anonyma 1 Osmia georgica F 1 17‐Apr‐00 Erigeron philadephicus 2 Osmia georgica F 1 17‐Apr‐00 Packera anonyma 2 Osmia georgica F 1 19‐Apr‐00 Packera anonyma 3 Osmia georgica F 1 22‐Apr‐00 Erigeron philadephicus 1 Osmia georgica F 1 26‐Apr‐00 Erigeron philadephicus 2 Osmia georgica F 1 28‐Apr‐00 Erigeron philadephicus 1 Osmia georgica F 1 11‐May‐00 Coreopsis sp. 1 Osmia georgica F 1 15‐May‐00 Coreopsis sp. 4 Osmia georgica F 1 17‐May‐00 Coreopsis sp. 2 Osmia georgica F 1 24‐May‐00 Coreopsis sp. 2 Osmia georgica M 1 26‐May‐00 Packera anonyma 1 Osmia georgica F 1 2‐Jun‐00 Rudbeckia hirta 1 Osmia georgica M 1 8‐Apr‐01 Packera anonyma 1
Osmia pumila F 1 10‐Apr‐00 Salvia lyrata 1 Osmia pumila F 1 19‐Apr‐00 Rosa sp. 1
Stelis lateralis M 1 17‐Apr‐00 Erigeron philadelphicus 1
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Apidae Anthophora abrupta M 2 18‐May‐00 Lonicera japonica 1
Bombus bimaculatus F 1 23‐Jun‐99 Dalea purpurea 1 Bombus bimaculatus F 2 18‐May‐00 Rosa sp. 2 Bombus bimaculatus M 2 18‐May‐00 Asclepias viridis 1 Bombus bimaculatus F 1 14‐Jun‐00 Neptunea lutea 1
Bombus fervida M 1 30‐Oct‐99 Aster sp. 1 Bombus fervida M 1 4‐Sep‐00 Liatris sp. 1
Bombus fraternus F 2 7‐May‐98 Dalea purpurea 2 Bombus fraternus F 2 7‐May‐98 Ratibida pinnata 5 Bombus fraternus F 1 21‐May‐99 Asclepias viridiflora 1 Bombus fraternus F 1 8‐Jun‐99 Dalea purpurea 1 Bombus fraternus F 1 8‐Jun‐99 Hypericum sphaeocarpum 2 Bombus fraternus F 1 14‐Jun‐99 Chamaecrista fasciculata 4 Bombus fraternus F 1 14‐Jun‐99 Ratibida pinnata 1 Bombus fraternus F 1 23‐Jun‐99 Liatris squarrosa 1 Bombus fraternus F 1 23‐Jun‐99 Neptunea lutea 1 Bombus fraternus F 1 23‐Jun‐99 Ratibida pinnata 1 Bombus fraternus F 1 26‐Jun‐99 Chamaecrista fasciculata 1 Bombus fraternus F 1 26‐Jun‐99 Dalea candida 3 Bombus fraternus F 1 28‐Jun‐99 Dalea purpurea 3 Bombus fraternus F 1 2‐Jul‐99 Chamaecrista fasciculata 1 Bombus fraternus F 1 2‐Jul‐99 Liatris spicata 1 Bombus fraternus F 1 7‐Jul‐99 Chamaecrista fasciculata 5 Bombus fraternus F 1 9‐Jul‐99 Chamaecrista fasciculata 4 Bombus fraternus F 1 9‐Jul‐99 Neptunea lutea 1 Bombus fraternus F 1 14‐Jul‐99 Chamaecrista fasciculata 4 Bombus fraternus F 1 14‐Jul‐99 Liatris spicata 1 Bombus fraternus F 1 16‐Jul‐99 Chamaecrista fasciculata 2 Bombus fraternus F 1 19‐Jul‐99 Chamaecrista fasciculata 2 Bombus fraternus F 1 6‐Aug‐99 Silphium laciniatum 2 Bombus fraternus M 1 5‐Nov‐99 Aster sp. 1 Bombus fraternus F 1 24‐May‐00 Asclepias viridiflora 2 Bombus fraternus F 1 26‐May‐00 Asclepias viridiflora 1 Bombus fraternus F 1 31‐May‐00 Asclepias viridiflora 4 Bombus fraternus F 1 31‐May‐00 Dalea purpurea 5 Bombus fraternus F 1 2‐Jun‐00 Asclepias viridiflora 2
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Bombus fraternus F 1 2‐Jun‐00 Dalea candida 2 Bombus fraternus F 1 2‐Jun‐00 Dalea purpurea 12 Bombus fraternus F 1 2‐Jun‐00 Neptunea lutea 1 Bombus fraternus F 1 2‐Jun‐00 Ratibida pinnata 4 Bombus fraternus F 1 6‐Jun‐00 Dalea candida 2 Bombus fraternus F 1 6‐Jun‐00 Dalea purpurea 1 Bombus fraternus F 1 6‐Jun‐00 Neptunea lutea 1 Bombus fraternus F 1 6‐Jun‐00 Ratibida pinnata 4 Bombus fraternus F 2 8‐Jun‐00 Asclepias tuberosa 1 Bombus fraternus F 2 8‐Jun‐00 Dalea candida 1 Bombus fraternus F 2 8‐Jun‐00 Ratibida pinnata 5 Bombus fraternus F 2 10‐Jun‐00 Asclepias tuberosa 1 Bombus fraternus F 2 10‐Jun‐00 Dalea candida 1 Bombus fraternus F 1 10‐Jun‐00 Dalea sp. 1 Bombus fraternus F 1 10‐Jun‐00 Ratibida pinnata 16 Bombus fraternus F 1 12‐Jun‐00 Dalea purpurea 5 Bombus fraternus F 1 12‐Jun‐00 Rudbeckia hirta 1 Bombus fraternus F 1 14‐Jun‐00 Dalea purpurea 2 Bombus fraternus F 1 14‐Jun‐00 Ratibida pinnata 2 Bombus fraternus F 2 15‐Jun‐00 Dalea candida 5 Bombus fraternus F 2 15‐Jun‐00 Ratibida pinnata 2 Bombus fraternus F 1 19‐Jun‐00 Ratibida pinnata 5 Bombus fraternus F 1 21‐Jun‐00 Dalea purpurea 4 Bombus fraternus F 4 22‐Jun‐00 Dalea purpurea 3 Bombus fraternus F 4 22‐Jun‐00 Pycnanthemum tenuifolium 4 Bombus fraternus F 4 22‐Jun‐00 Ratibida pinnata 3 Bombus fraternus F 1 26‐Jun‐00 Dalea purpurea 1 Bombus fraternus M 1 29‐Sep‐00 Eupatorium sp. 1
Bombus griseocollis F 2 7‐May‐98 Dalea candida 5 Bombus griseocollis F 2 7‐May‐98 Dalea purpurea 5 Bombus griseocollis F 2 7‐May‐98 Ratibida pinnata 4 Bombus griseocollis F 2 7‐May‐98 Dalea purpurea 1 Bombus griseocollis F 2 7‐May‐98 Ratibida pinnata 1 Bombus griseocollis F 1 28‐Jun‐99 Chamaecrista fasciculata 1 Bombus griseocollis F 1 9‐Jul‐99 Chamaecrista fasciculata 3 Bombus griseocollis M 1 9‐Jul‐99 Liatris spicata 1 Bombus griseocollis F 1 14‐Jul‐99 Asclepias viridiflora 1 Bombus griseocollis F 1 14‐Jul‐99 Chamaecrista fasciculata 2 Bombus griseocollis F 1 22‐Apr‐00 Prunella vulgaris 1
150
Bombus griseocollis F 1 3‐May‐00 Dalea purpurea 6 Bombus griseocollis F 1 26‐May‐00 Blephilia ciliata 1 Bombus griseocollis F 1 29‐May‐00 Dalea candida 9 Bombus griseocollis F 1 29‐May‐00 Dalea purpurea 3 Bombus griseocollis F 1 29‐May‐00 Rudbeckia hirta 2 Bombus griseocollis F 1 31‐May‐00 Dalea candida 1 Bombus griseocollis F 1 31‐May‐00 Dalea purpurea 3 Bombus griseocollis F 1 2‐Jun‐00 Dalea candida 3 Bombus griseocollis F 1 2‐Jun‐00 Dalea purpurea 24 Bombus griseocollis F 1 2‐Jun‐00 Neptunea lutea 1 Bombus griseocollis F 1 2‐Jun‐00 Ratibida pinnata 2 Bombus griseocollis F 1 6‐Jun‐00 Dalea candida 6 Bombus griseocollis F 1 6‐Jun‐00 Dalea purpurea 9 Bombus griseocollis F 1 6‐Jun‐00 Neptunea lutea 1 Bombus griseocollis F 1 6‐Jun‐00 Ratibida pinnata 8 Bombus griseocollis F 2 8‐Jun‐00 Dalea candida 3 Bombus griseocollis F 2 8‐Jun‐00 Dalea purpurea 5 Bombus griseocollis F 2 8‐Jun‐00 Ratibida pinnata 4 Bombus griseocollis F 2 10‐Jun‐00 Asclepias tuberosa 1 Bombus griseocollis F 2 10‐Jun‐00 Dalea candida 7 Bombus griseocollis F 1 10‐Jun‐00 Daucus carota 1 Bombus griseocollis F 2 10‐Jun‐00 Ratibida pinnata 1 Bombus griseocollis F 1 10‐Jun‐00 Dalea sp. 12 Bombus griseocollis F 1 12‐Jun‐00 Dalea purpurea 10 Bombus griseocollis F 1 12‐Jun‐00 Daucus carota 1 Bombus griseocollis F 1 14‐Jun‐00 Dalea purpurea 9 Bombus griseocollis F 1 14‐Jun‐00 Hypericum sp. 1 Bombus griseocollis F 1 14‐Jun‐00 Neptunea lutea 1 Bombus griseocollis F 1 14‐Jun‐00 Ratibida pinnata 1 Bombus griseocollis F 2 15‐Jun‐00 Dalea candida 3 Bombus griseocollis F 1 19‐Jun‐00 Neptunea lutea 1 Bombus griseocollis F 1 21‐Jun‐00 Dalea purpurea 2 Bombus griseocollis F 1 21‐Jun‐00 Neptunea lutea 1 Bombus griseocollis F 1 26‐Jun‐00 Dalea purpurea 1 Bombus griseocollis F 1 26‐Jun‐00 Stenaria nigricans 1 Bombus griseocollis F 1 30‐Jun‐00 Neptunea lutea 1
Bombus impatiens F 1 21‐Jun‐99 Dalea purpurea 1 Bombus impatiens F 1 28‐Jun‐99 Chamaecrista fasciculata 1 Bombus impatiens F 1 7‐Jul‐99 Chamaecrista fasciculata 7
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Bombus impatiens F 1 9‐Jul‐99 Chamaecrista fasciculata 4 Bombus impatiens F 1 14‐Jul‐99 Chamaecrista fasciculata 3 Bombus impatiens F 1 16‐Jul‐99 Chamaecrista fasciculata 1 Bombus impatiens F 1 19‐Jul‐99 Chamaecrista fasciculata 1 Bombus impatiens F 1 23‐Oct‐99 Aster sp. 1 Bombus impatiens M 3 24‐Oct‐99 Aster sp. 1 Bombus impatiens M 1 5‐Nov‐99 Aster sp. 2 Bombus impatiens F 1 2‐Jun‐00 Dalea purpurea 1 Bombus impatiens F 1 6‐Jun‐00 Dalea purpurea 1 Bombus impatiens F 4 22‐Jun‐00 Pycnanthemum tenuifolium 1 Bombus impatiens F 4 22‐Jun‐00 Neptunea lutea 1 Bombus impatiens F 1 26‐Jun‐00 Neptunea lutea 1 Bombus impatiens F 1 10‐Jul‐00 Neptunea lutea 1 Bombus impatiens F 1 23‐Jul‐00 Silphium laciniatum 1 Bombus impatiens F 1 28‐Aug‐00 Gaura biennis 1 Bombus impatiens F 1 1‐Sep‐00 Gaura biennis 1
Bombus pennsylvanicus F 2 7‐May‐98 Dalea candida 1 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 16‐Apr‐99 Chamaecrista fasciculata 1 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 16‐Apr‐99 Silphium laciniatum 1 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 2‐Jul‐99 Dalea purpurea 1 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 2‐Jul‐99 Silphium laciniatum 1 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 7‐Jul‐99 Chamaecrista fasciculata 11 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 7‐Jul‐99 Silphium laciniatum 1 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 9‐Jul‐99 Chamaecrista fasciculata 3 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 9‐Jul‐99 Dalea purpurea 1 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 9‐Jul‐99 Liatris spicata 3 Bombus pennsylvanicus M 1 9‐Jul‐99 Liatris spicata 1 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 9‐Jul‐99 Silphium laciniatum 2 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 14‐Jul‐99 Chamaecrista fasciculata 1 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 14‐Jul‐99 Liatris spicata 23 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 14‐Jul‐99 Silphium laciniatum 2 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 16‐Jul‐99 Chamaecrista fasciculata 5 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 16‐Jul‐99 Liatris spicata 6 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 16‐Jul‐99 Silphium laciniatum 9 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 19‐Jul‐99 Chamaecrista fasciculata 11 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 19‐Jul‐99 Liatris spicata 3 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 19‐Jul‐99 Lythrum lanceolatum 3 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 19‐Jul‐99 Neptunea lutea 1 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 19‐Jul‐99 Silphium laciniatum 7 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 2 23‐Jul‐99 Stenaria nigricans 1 152
Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 26‐Jul‐99 Chamaecrista fasciculata 5 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 26‐Jul‐99 Silphium laciniatum 11 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 28‐Jul‐99 Chamaecrista fasciculata 7 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 28‐Jul‐99 Dasistoma macrophylla 1 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 28‐Jul‐99 Liatris aspera 1 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 28‐Jul‐99 Neptunea lutea 1 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 28‐Jul‐99 Silphium laciniatum 6 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 2 2‐Aug‐99 Verbena brasiliensis 1 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 6‐Aug‐99 Chamaecrista fasciculata 12 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 6‐Aug‐99 Desmanthus illinoensis 1 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 6‐Aug‐99 Liatris aspera 2 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 6‐Aug‐99 Liatris squarrosa 1 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 6‐Aug‐99 Silphium laciniatum 17 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 6‐Aug‐99 Silphium terebinthinaceum 5 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 16‐Aug‐99 Chamaecrista fasciculata 7 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 16‐Aug‐99 Liatris aspera 8 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 16‐Aug‐99 Lythrum lanceolatum 1 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 16‐Aug‐99 Silphium laciniatum 13 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 16‐Aug‐99 Silphium terebinthinaceum 6 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 16‐Aug‐99 Vernonia gigantea 1 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 18‐Aug‐99 Liatris aspera 21 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 18‐Aug‐99 Silphium laciniatum 7 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 23‐Aug‐99 Chamaecrista fasciculata 1 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 23‐Aug‐99 Liatris aspera 10 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 27‐Aug‐99 Bidens aristosa 1 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 27‐Aug‐99 Chamaecrista fasciculata 3 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 27‐Aug‐99 Liatris aspera 17 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 27‐Aug‐99 Silphium laciniatum 3 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 3‐Sep‐99 Chamaecrista fasciculata 1 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 3‐Sep‐99 Liatris aspera 30 Bombus pennsylvanicus M 1 3‐Sep‐99 Liatris aspera 1 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 5‐Sep‐99 Liatris aspera 7 Bombus pennsylvanicus M 1 5‐Sep‐99 Liatris aspera 1 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 10‐Sep‐99 Liatris aspera 3 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 17‐Sep‐99 Agalinis oligophylla 5 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 17‐Sep‐99 Bidens aristosa 5 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 17‐Sep‐99 Liatris aspera 5 Bombus pennsylvanicus M 1 17‐Sep‐99 Liatris aspera 1 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 18‐Sep‐99 Liatris aspera 1 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 24‐Sep‐99 Bidens aristosa 4
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Bombus pennsylvanicus M 1 27‐Sep‐99 Bidens aristosa 4 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 2 1‐Oct‐99 Solidago sp. 1 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 3 3‐Oct‐99 Chrysopsis sp. 1 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 23‐Oct‐99 Aster sp. 1 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 3 24‐Oct‐99 Aster sp. 1 Bombus pennsylvanicus M 3 24‐Oct‐99 Aster sp. 1 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 3 24‐Oct‐99 Chrysopsis sp. 1 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 2 29‐Oct‐99 Aster sp. 1 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 30‐Oct‐99 Aster sp. 4 Bombus pennsylvanicus M 1 30‐Oct‐99 Aster sp. 4 Bombus pennsylvanicus M 1 5‐Nov‐99 Aster sp. 3 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 1‐Apr‐00 Oxalis sp. 1 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 5‐Apr‐00 Erigeron philadelphicus 1 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 16‐Apr‐00 Cirsium sp. 3 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 17‐Apr‐00 Cirsium sp. 1 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 19‐Apr‐00 Cirsium sp. 1 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 19‐Apr‐00 Prunella vulgaris 1 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 1‐May‐00 Prunella vulgaris 1 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 3‐May‐00 Dalea purpurea 2 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 3‐May‐00 Prunella vulgaris 2 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 6‐May‐00 Prunella vulgaris 1 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 15‐May‐00 Belphilia ciliata 1 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 17‐May‐00 Belphilia ciliata 1 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 24‐May‐00 Belphilia ciliata 2 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 24‐May‐00 Neptunea lutea 1 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 29‐May‐00 Dalea candida 1 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 29‐May‐00 Dalea purpurea 3 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 31‐May‐00 Dalea purpurea 1 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 31‐May‐00 Verbena simplex 1 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 2‐Jun‐00 Dalea candida 1 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 2‐Jun‐00 Dalea purpurea 3 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 6‐Jun‐00 Dalea candida 2 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 6‐Jun‐00 Dalea purpurea 2 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 6‐Jun‐00 Neptunea lutea 1 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 6‐Jun‐00 Ratibida pinnata 1 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 2 8‐Jun‐00 Asclepias tuberosa 1 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 10‐Jun‐00 Dalea sp. 3 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 12‐Jun‐00 Dalea purpurea 4 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 14‐Jun‐00 Dalea purpurea 4 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 19‐Jun‐00 Linum sulcatum 1
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Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 19‐Jun‐00 Melilotus officinalis 1 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 4 22‐Jun‐00 Silphium laciniatum 4 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 26‐Jun‐00 Dalea purpurea 1 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 30‐Jun‐00 Liatris squarrosa 1 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 3‐Jul‐00 Desmanthus illinoensis 2 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 3‐Jul‐00 Liatris squarrosa 1 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 3‐Jul‐00 Stenaria nigricans 1 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 5‐Jul‐00 Desmanthus illinoensis 2 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 5‐Jul‐00 Lythrum lanceolatum 1 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 5‐Jul‐00 Neptunea lutea 1 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 5‐Jul‐00 Sabatia campestris 1 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 7‐Jul‐00 Desmanthus illinoensis 4 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 7‐Jul‐00 Liatris squarrosa 1 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 7‐Jul‐00 Silphium laciniatum 1 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 10‐Jul‐00 Lythrum lanceolatum 1 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 10‐Jul‐00 Silphium laciniatum 1 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 12‐Jul‐00 Dasistoma macrophylla 3 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 12‐Jul‐00 Desmanthus illinoensis 3 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 12‐Jul‐00 Liatris squarrosa 1 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 12‐Jul‐00 Neptunea lutea 1 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 14‐Jul‐00 Chamaecrista fasciculata 2 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 14‐Jul‐00 Dalea purpurea 1 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 14‐Jul‐00 Desmanthus illinoensis 1 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 14‐Jul‐00 Neptunea lutea 1 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 14‐Jul‐00 Silphium laciniatum 1 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 16‐Jul‐00 Liatris spicata 2 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 17‐Jul‐00 Chamaecrista fasciculata 2 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 17‐Jul‐00 Desmanthus illinoensis 2 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 17‐Jul‐00 Silphium laciniatum 2 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 17‐Jul‐00 Lythrum lanceolatum 2 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 19‐Jul‐00 Stenaria nigricans 1 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 19‐Jul‐00 Lythrum lanceolatum 2 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 19‐Jul‐00 Dasistoma macrophylla 1 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 19‐Jul‐00 Liatris squarrosa 2 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 19‐Jul‐00 Chamaecrista fasciculata 1 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 19‐Jul‐00 Linum sulcatum 1 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 19‐Jul‐00 Neptunea lutea 1 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 19‐Jul‐00 Liatris spicata 1 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 19‐Jul‐00 Silphium laciniatum 10 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 23‐Jul‐00 Silphium laciniatum 8
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Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 24‐Jul‐00 Lythrum lanceolatum 1 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 24‐Jul‐00 Chamaecrista fasciculata 1 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 24‐Jul‐00 Silphium laciniatum 4 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 26‐Jul‐00 Chamaecrista fasciculata 1 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 26‐Jul‐00 Lythrum lanceolatum 2 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 26‐Jul‐00 Silphium laciniatum 7 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 31‐Jul‐00 Chamaecrista fasciculata 1 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 31‐Jul‐00 Neptunea lutea 1 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 31‐Jul‐00 Silphium laciniatum 7 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 6‐Aug‐00 Chamaecrista fasciculata 1 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 6‐Aug‐00 Silphium laciniatum 2 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 9‐Aug‐00 Silphium laciniatum 6 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 14‐Aug‐00 Chamaecrista fasciculata 2 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 14‐Aug‐00 Silphium laciniatum 3 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 18‐Aug‐00 Cirsium sp. 2 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 18‐Aug‐00 Silphium laciniatum 5 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 18‐Aug‐00 Silphium terebinthinaceum 1 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 19‐Aug‐00 Cirsium sp. 1 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 21‐Aug‐00 Cirsium sp. 1 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 21‐Aug‐00 Gaura biennis 1 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 25‐Aug‐00 Gaura biennis 1 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 21‐Aug‐00 Silphium laciniatum 2 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 21‐Aug‐00 Silphium terebinthinaceum 1 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 25‐Aug‐00 Cirsium sp. 4 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 25‐Aug‐00 Silphium laciniatum 2 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 25‐Aug‐00 Silphium terebinthinaceum 3 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 28‐Aug‐00 Cirsium sp. 5 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 28‐Aug‐00 Liatris sp. 1 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 28‐Aug‐00 Silphium terebinthinaceum 2 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 1‐Sep‐00 Chamaecrista fasciculata 1 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 1‐Sep‐00 Cirsium sp. 2 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 1‐Sep‐00 Gaura biennis 2 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 1‐Sep‐00 Liatris sp. 4 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 1‐Sep‐00 Silphium laciniatum 1 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 1‐Sep‐00 Silphium terebinthinaceum 9 Bombus pennsylvanicus M 1 1‐Sep‐00 Silphium terebinthinaceum 1 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 4‐Sep‐00 Cirsium sp. 2 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 4‐Sep‐00 Liatris sp. 2 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 4‐Sep‐00 Silphium laciniatum 1 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 4‐Sep‐00 Silphium terebinthinaceum 2
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Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 11‐Sep‐00 Cirsium sp. 1 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 11‐Sep‐00 Liatris sp. 4 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 18‐Sep‐00 Gaura biennis 1 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 22‐Sep‐00 Cirsium sp. 1 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 29‐Sep‐00 Gaura biennis 1 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 29‐Sep‐00 Silphium terebinthinaceum 1 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 2‐Oct‐00 Liatris sp. 2 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 4‐Oct‐00 Liatris sp. 1 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 22‐Oct‐00 Aster sp. 1 Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 23‐Oct‐00 Solidago sp. 1 Symphyotrichum novae‐ Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 23‐Oct‐00 1 angliae Bombus pennsylvanicus F 1 30‐Oct‐00 Aster sp. 1
Bombus variabilis M 2 23‐Jul‐99 Stenaria nigricans 1 Bombus variabilis M 2 1‐Oct‐99 Solidago sp. 1 Bombus variabilis M 1 5‐Nov‐99 Aster sp. 1
Ceratina calcarta F 1 4‐May‐91 Rosa multiflora 1 Ceratina calcarta F 1 13‐Sep‐91 Helenium sp. 1 Ceratina calcarta F 3 3‐Oct‐99 Chrysopsis sp. 1 Ceratina calcarta M 2 18‐Feb‐00 Narcissus sp. 1 Ceratina calcarta M 1 25‐Mar‐00 Erigeron philadelphicus 1 Ceratina calcarta M 1 5‐Apr‐00 Erigeron philadelphicus 3 Ceratina calcarta M 1 5‐Apr‐00 Packera anonyma 1 Ceratina calcarta M 3 16‐Apr‐00 Erigeron sp. 1 Ceratina calcarta M 3 16‐Apr‐00 Rosa sp. 1 Ceratina calcarta M 1 17‐Apr‐00 Erigeron philadelphicus 1 Ceratina calcarta M 1 19‐Apr‐00 Oxalis sp. 1 Ceratina calcarta M 1 26‐Apr‐00 Erigeron philadelphicus 1 Ceratina calcarta F 2 10‐Jun‐00 Erigeron sp. 1 Ceratina calcarta F 1 26‐Jun‐00 Stenaria nigricans 1
Ceratina cockerelli M 6 24‐Jun‐92 Dalea purpurea 1
Ceratina dupla M 1 1 Mar‐00 Prunus angustifolia 1 Ceratina dupla F 1 25‐Mar‐00 Packera anonyma 1 Ceratina dupla F 1 5‐Apr‐00 Packera anonyma 1 Ceratina dupla F 1 16‐Apr‐00 Erigeron philadelphicus 2 Ceratina dupla F 1 22‐Apr‐00 Stenaria nigricans 2
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Ceratina dupla F 1 3‐May‐00 Stenaria nigricans 1
Ceratina sp. M 1 8‐Apr‐01 Packera anonyma 5
Epeolus sp. F 1 22‐May‐00 Coreopsis sp. 1 Epeolus sp. F 1 30‐Oct‐00 Aster sp. 1
Exomalapsis asteris M 1 23‐Oct‐00 Aster sp. 1
Melissodes agilis F 7 1‐Jul‐91 Dalea purpurea 1
Melissodes bimaculata F 1 14‐Jul‐91 Melilotus officinalis 1 Melissodes bimaculata M 2 19‐Jun‐95 Ratibida pinnata 1 Melissodes bimaculata M 1 2‐Jun‐00 Dalea purpurea 1 Melissodes bimaculata F 1 23‐Jun‐00 Lythrum lanceolata 1 Melissodes bimaculata F 1 7‐Jul‐00 Stenaria nigricans 1 Melissodes bimaculata F 1 12‐Jul‐00 Lythrum lanceolatum 1 Melissodes bimaculata F 1 14‐Jul‐00 Stenaria nigricans 2 Melissodes bimaculata M 1 14‐Jul‐00 Stenaria nigricans 1 Melissodes bimaculata F 1 17‐Jul‐00 Desmanthus illinoensis 1 Melissodes bimaculata F 1 19‐Jul‐00 Lythrum lanceolatum 1
Melissodes communis M 1 16‐Jun‐91 Ratibida pinnata 1 Melissodes communis M 6 11‐Jul‐91 Silphium sp. 1 Melissodes communis F 6 5‐Aug‐91 Vernonia sp. 1 Melissodes communis F 1 8‐Jul‐93 Melilotus officinalis 1 Melissodes communis F 2 19‐Jun‐95 Trifolium pratense 1 Melissodes communis M 1 21‐May‐99 Blephilia ciliata 1 Melissodes communis F 1 12‐Jul‐99 Neptunea lutea 1 Melissodes communis F 1 27‐Sep‐99 Solidago sp. 2 Melissodes communis F 2 1‐Oct‐99 Chrysopsis sp. 1 Melissodes communis F 2 1‐Oct‐99 Solidago sp. 1 Melissodes communis F 3 3‐Oct‐99 Chrysopsis sp. 4 Melissodes communis F 1 23‐Oct‐99 Aster sp. 2 Melissodes communis F 3 24‐Oct‐99 Chrysopsis sp. 5 Melissodes communis F 2 29‐Oct‐99 Aster sp. 2 Melissodes communis F 1 30‐Oct‐99 Aster sp. 5 Melissodes communis F 1 5‐Nov‐99 Aster sp. 4 Melissodes communis F 1 5‐Nov‐99 Helenium autumnale 1 Melissodes communis F 1 3‐May‐00 Dalea purpurea 4
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Melissodes communis F 1 29‐May‐00 Dalea purpurea 1 Melissodes communis M 1 29‐May‐00 Dalea candida 1 Melissodes communis F 1 29‐May‐00 Neptunea lutea 2 Melissodes communis M 1 29‐May‐00 Neptunea lutea 1 Melissodes communis F 1 31‐May‐00 Rudbeckia hirta 1 Melissodes communis F 1 2‐Jun‐00 Dalea candida 4 Melissodes communis F 1 2‐Jun‐00 Melilotus officinalis 1 Melissodes communis F 1 2‐Jun‐00 Neptunea lutea 3 Melissodes communis F 1 2‐Jun‐00 Ratibida pinnata 1 Melissodes communis F 1 6‐Jun‐00 Dalea candida 3 Melissodes communis F 1 6‐Jun‐00 Dalea purpurea 5 Melissodes communis M 1 6‐Jun‐00 Dalea purpurea 1 Melissodes communis F 1 6‐Jun‐00 Neptunea lutea 2 Melissodes communis F 1 6‐Jun‐00 Ratibida pinnata 1 Melissodes communis M 1 6‐Jun‐00 Ratibida pinnata 1 Melissodes communis F 1 10‐Jun‐00 Dalea sp. 2 Melissodes communis F 1 12‐Jun‐00 Dalea purpurea 2 Melissodes communis F 1 12‐Jun‐00 Neptunea lutea 2 Melissodes communis F 1 14‐Jun‐00 Dalea purpurea 1 Melissodes communis F 1 14‐Jun‐00 Neptunea lutea 3 Melissodes communis F 1 19‐Jun‐00 Stenaria nigricans 1 Melissodes communis F 1 21‐Jun‐00 Linum sulcatum 1 Melissodes communis F 1 21‐Jun‐00 Neptunea lutea 1 Melissodes communis M 4 22‐Jun‐00 Silphium laciniatum 1 Melissodes communis F 1 26‐Jun‐00 Dalea purpurea 1 Melissodes communis F 1 26‐Jun‐00 Stenaria nigricans 1 Melissodes communis F 1 26‐Jun‐00 Neptunea lutea 1 Melissodes communis F 1 30‐Jun‐00 Stenaria nigricans 1 Melissodes communis M 1 1‐Sep‐00 Silphium terebinthinaceum 1 Melissodes communis M 1 4‐Oct‐00 Helenium amarum 1 Melissodes communis F 1 4‐Oct‐00 Solidago sp. 1 Symphyotrichum novae‐ Melissodes communis F 1 22‐Oct‐00 angliae 1 Melissodes communis F 1 22‐Oct‐00 Aster sp. 9 Melissodes communis F 1 22‐Oct‐00 Heterotheca camporum 1 Melissodes communis F 1 22‐Oct‐00 Solidago sp. 1 Symphyotrichum novae‐ Melissodes communis F 1 23‐Oct‐00 angliae 1 Melissodes communis F 1 23‐Oct‐00 Aster sp. 6 Melissodes communis M 1 23‐Oct‐00 Aster sp. 4 Melissodes communis F 1 23‐Oct‐00 Heterotheca camporum 1 159
Melissodes communis F 1 23‐Oct‐00 Solidago sp. 1 Symphyotrichum novae‐ Melissodes communis F 1 30‐Oct‐00 angliae 1 Melissodes communis F 1 30‐Oct‐00 Aster sp. 3 Melissodes communis F 1 5‐Nov‐99 Aster sp. 2
Melissodes compt/comm grp F 7 31‐Jun‐91 Lobelia sp. 1 Melissodes compt/comm grp M 6 5‐Aug‐91 Vernonia sp. 1 Melissodes compt/comm grp M 1 22‐Sep‐93 Aster sp. 1 Melissodes compt/comm grp F 1 6‐Jun‐00 Rudbeckia hirta 3 Melissodes compt/comm grp F 2 10‐Jun‐00 Ratibida pinnata 1
Melissodes denticulata F 1 23‐Oct‐99 Aster sp. 1 Melissodes denticulata F 3 24‐Oct‐99 Chrysopsis sp. 1 Melissodes denticulata F 1 29‐Oct‐99 Aster sp. 2 Melissodes denticulata F 1 1‐Apr‐00 Rhus aromatica 1
Melissodes trinodis M 1 27‐Sep‐91 Solidago sp. 1 Melissodes trinodis F 1 23‐Oct‐99 Aster sp. 2 Melissodes trinodis F 3 24‐Oct‐99 Aster sp. 3 Melissodes trinodis F 3 24‐Oct‐99 Chrysopsis sp. 2 Melissodes trinodis F 1 30‐Oct‐99 Aster sp. 1 Melissodes trinodis F 1 5‐Nov‐99 Aster sp. 3 Melissodes trinodis M 1 18‐Sep‐00 Solidago sp. 1 Melissodes trinodis F 1 22‐Oct‐00 Aster sp. 3 Melissodes trinodis F 1 23‐Oct‐00 Solidago sp. 1
Melissodes wheeleri M 1 23‐Oct‐99 Aster sp. 1 Melissodes wheeleri M 1 5‐Nov‐99 Aster sp. 1 Melissodes wheeleri M 1 29‐Sep‐00 Helenium amarum 3 Melissodes wheeleri M 1 22‐Oct‐00 Aster sp. 3 Symphyotrichum novae‐ Melissodes wheeleri M 1 22‐Oct‐00 1 angliae
Melissodes sp. M 1 23‐Oct‐99 Aster sp. 1
Nomada bella M 1 1‐Apr‐00 Packera anonyma 1
Nomada seneciophila M 1 1‐Apr‐00 Packera anonyma 1 Nomada seneciophila M 1 5‐Apr‐00 Packera anonyma 2 Nomada seneciophila M 1 10‐Apr‐00 Erigeron philadelphicus 3 160
Nomada seneciophila F 1 10‐Apr‐00 Packera anonyma 1 Nomada seneciophila M 1 10‐Apr‐00 Packera anonyma 2 Nomada seneciophila M 1 19‐Apr‐00 Packera anonyma 1
Nomada subnigrocinta F 1 10‐Apr‐00 Erigeron philadelphicus 1
Nomada vincta M 1 22‐Oct‐00 Aster sp. 1
Nomada sp. M 1 10‐Mar‐93 Prunus mexicana 3 Nomada sp. F 1 26‐Feb‐00 Prunus angustifolia 1 Nomada sp. * 1 25‐Mar‐00 Rhus aromatica 1 Nomada sp. M 1 1‐Apr‐00 Nothoscordum bivalve 1 Nomada sp. M 1 17‐Apr‐00 Erigeron philadelphicus 1 Nomada sp. F 1 3‐Oct‐00 Aster sp. 1
Svastra aegis M 6 10‐Jul‐91 Ratibida pinnata 1 Svastra aegis M 1 25‐Jul‐91 Silphium sp. 1 Svastra aegis M 1 5‐Aug‐91 Silphium sp. 1 Svastra aegis M 6 5‐Aug‐91 Vernonia sp. 1 Svastra aegis F 1 14‐Jul‐99 Rudbeckia hirta 1 Svastra aegis F 1 16‐Aug‐99 Silphium terebinthinaceum 1 Svastra aegis F 3 24‐Oct‐99 Aster sp. 1 Svastra aegis F 1 21‐Aug‐00 Silphium laciniatum 1
Svastra obliqua F 1 5‐Aug‐91 Silphium sp. 2 Svastra obliqua F 6 5‐Aug‐91 Vernonia sp. 1 Svastra obliqua F 1 28‐Jul‐99 Silphium laciniatum 1 Svastra obliqua F 1 16‐Aug‐99 Silphium laciniatum 1 Svastra obliqua M 1 17‐Jul‐00 Silphium laciniatum 1
Svastra petulca F 7 31‐Jun‐91 Lobelia sp. 1 Svastra petulca F 7 1‐Jul‐91 Dalea purpurea 1 Svastra petulca F 2 19‐Jun‐95 Ratibida pinnata 1 Svastra petulca F 2 19‐Jun‐95 Trifolium pratense 1 Svastra petulca F 2 22‐Jun‐95 Ratibida pinnata 4 Svastra petulca M 1 24‐May‐00 Rudbeckia hirta 1 Svastra petulca M 1 6‐Jun‐00 Rudbeckia hirta 1 Svastra petulca F 1 10‐Jun‐00 Stenaria nigricans 1
Tetraloniella albata F 7 14 Jun‐91 Dalea purpurea 2
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Tetraloniella albata M 7 14 Jun‐91 Dalea purpurea 3 Tetraloniella albata M 7 22 Jun ‐91 Dalea purpurea 5 Tetraloniella albata M 7 1 Jul 91 Dalea candida 1
Triepeolus simplex F 6 24‐Jun‐92 Dalea purpurea 1 Triepeolus simplex M 1 29‐May‐00 Rudbeckia hirta 2 Triepeolus simplex M 1 2‐Jun‐00 Rudbeckia hirta 1
Xylocopa virginica F 1 16‐May‐91 Blephilia ciliata 1 Xylocopa virginica F 2 31‐May‐91 Ratibida pinnata 1 Xylocopa virginica F 7 14‐Jun‐91 Dalea purpurea 3 Xylocopa virginica M 7 14‐Jun‐91 Dalea purpurea 1 Xylocopa virginica F 6 1‐Jun‐92 Dalea purpurea 1 Xylocopa virginica M 1 15‐Jun‐92 Prunella vulgaris 1 Xylocopa virginica F 2 7‐May‐98 Dalea candida 2 Xylocopa virginica F 2 7‐May‐98 Dalea purpurea 1 Xylocopa virginica F 2 6‐Sep‐98 Pluchea camphorata 1 Xylocopa virginica M 2 13‐Sep‐98 Mikania scandens 1 Xylocopa virginica F 1 28‐Jun‐99 Melilotus officinalis 1 Xylocopa virginica F 1 2‐Jul‐99 Dalea purpurea 1 Xylocopa virginica F 1 2‐Jul‐99 Liatrus spicata 11 Xylocopa virginica F 1 2‐Jul‐99 Rudbeckia hirta 3 Xylocopa virginica F 1 9‐Jul‐99 Neptunia lutea 1 Xylocopa virginica F 1 9‐Jul‐99 Silphium laciniatum 1 Xylocopa virginica F 1 14‐Jul‐99 Liatrus spicata 6 Xylocopa virginica F 1 14‐Jul‐99 Rudbeckia hirta 4 Xylocopa virginica F 1 16‐Jul‐99 Liatrus spicata 8 Xylocopa virginica F 1 19‐Jul‐99 Rudbeckia hirta 1 Xylocopa virginica F 1 19‐Jul‐99 Sabatia campestris 1 Xylocopa virginica F 1 19‐Jul‐99 Silphium laciniatum 2 Xylocopa virginica F 2 23‐Jul‐99 Mentha sp. 1 Xylocopa virginica F 1 26‐Jul‐99 Chamaecrista fasciculata 1 Xylocopa virginica F 2 30‐Jul‐99 Mentha sp. 3 Xylocopa virginica F 1 24‐Sep‐99 Bidens aristosa 1 Xylocopa virginica M 2 1‐Oct‐99 Solidago sp. 2 Xylocopa virginica M 1 30‐Oct‐99 Aster sp. 1 Xylocopa virginica M 1 1‐Mar‐00 Prunus angustifolia 2 Xylocopa virginica F 1 5‐Mar‐00 Prunus angustifolia 1 Xylocopa virginica F 1 6‐Mar‐00 Prunus angustifolia 1 Xylocopa virginica M 1 1‐Apr‐00 Packera anonyma 3
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Xylocopa virginica M 1 1‐Apr‐00 Rosa sp. 1 Xylocopa virginica M 1 1‐Apr‐00 Sisyrinchium sp. 1 Xylocopa virginica F 1 10‐Apr‐00 Erigeron philadelphicus 1 Xylocopa virginica F 1 16‐Apr‐00 Cirsium sp. 1 Xylocopa virginica F 1 16‐Apr‐00 Packera anonyma 1 Xylocopa virginica M 1 16‐Apr‐00 Packera anonyma 1 Xylocopa virginica F 1 17‐Apr‐00 Erigeron philadelphicus 1 Xylocopa virginica M 1 19‐Apr‐00 Packera anonyma 1 Xylocopa virginica F 1 19‐Apr‐00 Prunella vulgaris 1 Xylocopa virginica F 1 19‐Apr‐00 Salvia lyrata 2 Xylocopa virginica M 1 19‐Apr‐00 Salvia lyrata 1 Xylocopa virginica F 1 22‐Apr‐00 Prunella vulgaris 1 Xylocopa virginica F 1 22‐Apr‐00 Prunus angustifolia 1 Xylocopa virginica M 1 22‐Apr‐00 Stenaria nigricans 1 Xylocopa virginica F 1 26‐Apr‐00 Prunella vulgaris 1 Xylocopa virginica M 1 28‐Apr‐00 Prunella vulgaris 1 Xylocopa virginica F 1 3‐May‐00 Dalea purpurea 1 Xylocopa virginica M 1 3‐May‐00 Prunella vulgaris 1 Xylocopa virginica M 1 8‐May‐00 Prunella vulgaris 1 Xylocopa virginica M 1 12‐May‐00 Blephilia ciliata 1 Xylocopa virginica M 1 12‐May‐00 Prunella vulgaris 1 Xylocopa virginica F 1 15‐May‐00 Blephilia ciliata 1 Xylocopa virginica M 1 17‐May‐00 Blephilia ciliata 1 Xylocopa virginica F 2 18‐May‐00 Asclepias viridis 2 Xylocopa virginica F 2 18‐May‐00 Cornus drummondii 2 Xylocopa virginica M 2 18‐May‐00 Cornus drummondii 1 Xylocopa virginica F 2 18‐May‐00 Rosa sp. 1 Xylocopa virginica F 1 29‐May‐00 Blephilia ciliata 1 Xylocopa virginica F 1 29‐May‐00 Dalea candida 2 Xylocopa virginica M 1 31‐May‐00 Rudbeckia hirta 1 Xylocopa virginica F 1 2‐Jun‐00 Dalea candida 1 Xylocopa virginica F 1 2‐Jun‐00 Dalea purpurea 3 Xylocopa virginica F 1 2‐Jun‐00 Melilotus officinalis 1 Xylocopa virginica M 1 6‐Jun‐00 Dalea candida 1 Xylocopa virginica F 2 8‐Jun‐00 Ratibida pinnata 1 Xylocopa virginica F 2 10‐Jun‐00 Dalea candida 1 Xylocopa virginica F 1 12‐Jun‐00 Rhus glabra 7 Xylocopa virginica F 1 14‐Jun‐00 Dalea candida 1 Xylocopa virginica F 1 14‐Jun‐00 Dalea purpurea 1 Xylocopa virginica F 1 14‐Jun‐00 Melilotus officinalis 2
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Xylocopa virginica F 2 15‐Jun‐00 Dalea candida 1 Xylocopa virginica F 2 15‐Jun‐00 Melilotus officinalis 2 Xylocopa virginica M 4 22‐Jun‐00 Pycnanthemum tenuifolium 1 Xylocopa virginica F 1 26‐Jun‐00 Neptunia lutea 1 Xylocopa virginica F 1 26‐Jun‐00 Melilotus officinalis 1 Xylocopa virginica F 1 30‐Jun‐00 Sabatia campestris 1 Xylocopa virginica F 1 3‐Jul‐00 Stenaria nigricans 1 Xylocopa virginica F 1 5‐Jul‐00 Chamaecrista fasciculata 1 Xylocopa virginica F 1 5‐Jul‐00 Desmanthus illinoensis 1 Xylocopa virginica F 1 5‐Jul‐00 Melilotus officinalis 1 Xylocopa virginica F 1 5‐Jul‐00 Sabatia campestris 1 Xylocopa virginica F 1 5‐Jul‐00 Stenaria nigricans 1 Xylocopa virginica F 1 10‐Jul‐00 Neptunia lutea 1 Xylocopa virginica F 1 12‐Jul‐00 Dasistoma macrophylla 1 Xylocopa virginica F 1 12‐Jul‐00 Desmanthus illinoensis 1 Xylocopa virginica F 1 14‐Jul‐00 Desmanthus illinoensis 1 Xylocopa virginica F 1 16‐Jul‐00 Liatrus spicata 1 Xylocopa virginica F 1 31‐Jul‐00 Stenaria nigricans 1 Xylocopa virginica F 1 18‐Aug‐00 Silphium laciniatum 1 Xylocopa virginica F 1 1‐Sep‐00 Liatrus sp. 1 Xylocopa virginica M 1 22‐Oct‐00 Aster sp. 1 Xylocopa virginica F 1 23‐Oct‐00 Aster sp. 1 Xylocopa virginica M 1 23‐Oct‐00 Aster sp. 2 Xylocopa virginica F 1 23‐Oct‐00 Solidago sp. 1 Xylocopa virginica M 1 30‐Oct‐00 Aster sp. 2 Xylocopa virginica M 1 3‐Nov‐00 Aster sp. 1 sites: 1 ‐ Osborn, 2 ‐ Sessums, 3 ‐ Clay County, 4 ‐ Chickasaw County, 5 ‐ Black Belt Prairie Wildlife Management Area, 6 ‐ Crawford, 7 ‐ Fire Tower Road
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