1921. CONGR.ESSION AL REOOR. D~-HOUSE. 3487

1879. Also, resolution of the West Cairo. Farmers' Elevator including the Official Reporters of the House. The precedents Co., of West Cairo, Ohio, favoring the enactment of legislation · are not numerous. The last time an officer or clerk at the pro\iding that the United States place representatives in for­ desk died was in 1887. A reading clerk died and the House eign countl'ies to collect and transmit information regarding prec:eeded to pay the widow of the reading clerk one year's crop and grain conditions abroad, and for other purposes; to salary. Prior to that time Mr. Hincks, one of the Official Re­ the Committee on Agriculture. · porters of the House, cUed, and the Committee on .Accounts did 1880. Also, resolution of the Gilbert Grain Co., of Gilbert, not recommend a year's salary, but the House increased the Iowa, favoring the enactment of legislation providing that the amount and paid a year's salary to the widow of the reporter. United States place representatives in foreign countries to col­ Again, when l\fr. 1\!cElhene., one of the Official Reporters, died, lect and transmit information regarding crop and grain condi­ the Committee on Accounts recommended that his widow be tions abroad, and for other purposes; to the Committee on paid one year's salary, and the House so voted, and he was Agrieulture. ~~~ . 1881. Also, resolution of the Farmers' Cooperative Co., of I brought Herman Phillips here to the House nearly 24 years Roland, Iowa, favoring the enactment of legislation providing ago as assistant Journal clerk. Shortly afterwards he became that the United States place r~presentatives in foreign coun­ Journal clerk of the House. From then on he was Journal clerk tries to collect and h'ansmit information regarding crop and during all of the time e:x:eept when .the Democratic side of grain conditions abroad, and for other purposes; to the Com­ the House was in control o;f the• House. He bacl a long a.ml mittee on Agriculture. very severe illness, a very expensive illness. It was unfortu­ nate for him that I brought him here. He would have prob­ ably died worth considerable money if he had remained at home in Chicago, but I induced him to come down here. He HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. was an expert man in the House, both as a Journal clerk and as an aid in parliamentary work. I think the House can afford SATURDAY, Jttly 9, 19B1. to follow the few precedents which have been set, there being The House was called to order at 11 o'clock a. m. by ML'. no precedents on the other side, and pay his widow as the WALSH as Speaker pro tempore. widow of a clerk at the desk, a full year's salary; and I hope The Chaplain, Rev. James Shera :Montgomery, D~ D., offered that the amendment reducing the amount to six months' salary the following pmyer : may be defeated. The SPEAKER pro tempore. The question is upon the com­ Our Heavenly Father, Thou art the create:r of the morning mittee amendment. light and our divine guardian through the still watches of the The question was taken, ancl the Speaker pro tempore an­ night season. Therefore we pause at the threshold of our nounced the noes appeared to have it. labors -to give Thee praise. Thy providences are so generous in On a division (demanded by l\lr. BLA~'l'o~} there were--ayes the ministries of their love. We thank Thee for Thy will con­ 7, noes 6.7. cerning us. Teach us that life in its divinest essence is nobility So the amendment was rejected. of soul, purity of heart, and a zealous activity in doing that The SPEAKER pro tempon~. The questi:On is on the pas­ which is good. l\lay we this day walk worthily, labor justly, sage of the resolution. and hate and despise cowardice and falsehood. Through Jesus The question was taken, and the resolution was agreed to. _Christ our Lord. Amen. On motion of Mr. MANN, a motion to reconsider the vote by The Journal of the proceedings of yesterday wa read and ap­ which the resolution was agreed to was laid on the table. proved. l\Ir. BYRNS of Tennessee. l\1r. Speaker-- HERMAN A. PHILLIPS. The SPEAKER pro tempore. For what purpose d-oes the Mr. IRELA.....l\ID. l\lr. Speaker, I ask consideration for the gentleman from Tennessee rise? privileged resolution which I send to the Clerk's desk. SAJJBATH OBSERVANCE. The SPEAKER pro tempore. The Clerk will report the reso­ ::.\Ir. BYRXS of Tennessee. Mr. . Speakff, I ask unanimous lution. consent to· proceed for not exceeding one minute for the pur­ The Clerk read as follows: pose of making an announcement. House resolution 59. . The SPEAKER pro tempore. The gentleman from Ten­ Resol~:ed, That the Clerk of the House of Representatives be directed nessee asks unanimous consent to proceed for one minute for to pay, out of the continge11t fund of the House, to Nellie l\Iay Phillips, widow of Herman A. Phill:ip.s, late Journal clerk of the House of Repre­ the purpose of making an announcement. Is there objection 2 . e.p.tatives, a sum equal to one year's salary as Journal clerk, and that [After a pause.] The Chair hears none. the Clerk be further directed to pay out of the contingent fund the l\lr. BYRNS of Tennessee. Mr. Speaker, Mr. Noah ,V. cxpen es of the last illness and funeral of said Herman A. Phillips, such Cooper, a gentleman of the highest character and a citizen of ex~nses not to exce.ed $2.50. my home city of Nashville, Tenn., is chairman of a committee The committee amendment was read, as follows: which has been named to secure, if possible, the enactment of On page 1, line 5, of the resolution, strike out " one year's " and in­ sert in lieu thereof " six months'," so that it will read " a sum equal national legislation with reference to Sabbath· observance. I to six months' salary as Journal clerk." hold a telegram from him in which he asks me to make publie l\lr. IRELAND. Mr. Speaker and gentlemen of the Hous~. announcement of the fact that he and his committee will be iii this is the u ual resolution for the dependents of a. deceased Washington on July the 14th for the pw·pose of presenting employee of the House, with this exception, that the original their appeal to the Members individnally and the proper com­ re olution as dr'- wn provided for the payment of one year's mittees ha'\'ing jurisdiction of the subject. salary to the dependents of the deceased employee, and the llESSA8E FROM THE SENATE~ custom for oxdinary employees of the House has been to, pay A message from the Senate, by l\fr. Craven, one of its clerks, six months' salary and funeral expenses not to exceed $250 announced that the Senate had passed the bill (S. 237} to con­ in amount. It has been found to be the precedent, however, solidate certain forest lands within the Humbol-dt National of the House that officers of the House and employees of the Forest, in the State of Nevada, and to add certain lands thereto, so-called Clerk's desk have been paid a full year's salary. In and for other purposes, in which the concurrence of the House committee this resolution was amended to conform to the ordi­ of Representatives was requested. nary resolution. I gave notice before the committee at that SENATE BILL REFERRED. time that I should oppose the amendment, and do so now. The Under clause 2 of Rule X...."'{IV, Senate bill of the following family of the deceased employee we1~e led to believe while in his last illness that should he fail to recover therefrom they title was taken from the Speaker's table and referred to its \-rould receive one year's full salary, and that was the impres­ appropriate committee, as indicated below: sion and the understanding of his associates. I yield to the S. 237. An act to consolidate certain forest lands within the gentleman from Illinois [1\lr. MANN]. _ Humboldt N'ationar Forest, ill the State of Neyada, and to add The SPEAKER pro tempore. The gentleman from Illinois is certain lands thereto, and fOl.• other pUl1)05eS·; to the Commit­ recognized for five minutes. · tee on the Public Lands. ::.\Ir. MANN. 1\lr. Speaker, the practice of the House has EXROLLED RILJ" PRESE~TED TO THE PRESIDENT FOR HIS .APPROVAL. been to pay a year's salary to th~ widow or dependents of a ~lr. RICKETTS, from the Committee on Enrolled Bill ~ , re­ Member of the House, six months' salary to the ordinary em­ ported that July 8 they had presented to the President of the ployee of the House, and a year's salary to the widow or United States for his approval the following bill : dependents of one of the elected officers of the House. Appar­ H. R. 562:?. An act providing fo1· the appraisal and sale of the ently the precedents are that the practice has been to pay a \ashon Island l\lilitary Resen-ation, tn. the State of Washing- year's salary to the widow or depeadents of clerks at the desk, ton, and for other purposes. ' 3488 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. JULY 9,

CALL OF THE HOUSE. Mr. HUMPHREYS. Can we get this through the document 1\lr. FI~LDS. 1\fr. Speaker, I make the point of order that room or the folding room? tl1ere is no quorum p·resent. 1\Ir. FORD1\"'EY. Whatever is usual. Tlle SPEAKER pro tempore. The Chair will count. [After 1\Ir. HUMPHREYS. It does not state. As written if will go counting.] A quorum is not present. to the document room. l\lr. CAl\IPBELL of Kansas. l\1r. Speaker, I move a call of · Mr. FORDNEY. The document room, I think, is the proper the House. place. A tall of the House was ordered. 1\Ir. HUMPHREYS. I think it ought to go to the folding The Clerk called the roll, and the following Members failed room. to answer to their names : 1\.Ir. FORDNEY. All right; to be placed in the folding room Ansorge Freeman Kreider Rose at the disposal of the Members of the House. ' Anthony Frothingham Kunz Rouse The SPEAKER pro tempore. Does the gentleman from 1\fich­ Bell Funk Langley Rucker Bb:IN' Gahn Lee, Ga. Ryan igan ask to modify his resolution? Bond Gallivan Lee, N.Y. Sabath l\1r. FORDNEY. I ask that such change be made. Britten Ganett, Tex. Lehlbach Sanders, Tex. The SPEAKER pro tempore. The Clerk will Teport the reso­ Brooks, Ill. Gorman Linthicum Scott, Mich. Browne>, Wis. Gould Lyon Sears lution as modified. Burdick Graham, Pa. McLaughlin, Mich. Sinnott The Clerk read as follows : Burke Green, Iowa McLaughlin, Pa. Sisson Burroughs Greene, Mass. McSwain Slemp Resolvea by the House of Rep1·esentatives (the Senate concur1•ing) T!J.at the bill H. R: 7456, "To provide revenue, to regulate commerce Burtness Griffin Maloney Snyder w1th foreign countrH:>s, to encourage the industries of the United States, Cannon Hammer Mead Sproul and for other purposes," be printed as a House document with an index, Carew Haugen ·Michaelson Stafford and that 15,000 additional• copies be pl'inted, of which 9 000 shall be Chalmers Hawes Mills Stevenson for the use of the House, to be distributed through the folding room Chandler, N.Y. Hicks 1\loore, Ohio Stiness 4,000 fot· the Senate. 1,000 for the Committee on Ways and Means of Clark, Fla. llimes 1\lorin Strong, Pa. the House. and 1,000 for the Committee on Finance of the Senate. Clas ·on Houghton l\Iott Sullivan Codll lludspeth J\!udd Sumners, Tex. 1\fr. BLA.NTON. Will the gentleman from Michigan yield? Connally, Tex. Husted I";elson, A. P. Tague CoopN·, Ohio Hutchinson Nelson, J. 1\l. •.raylor, Ark. l\1r. FORDl\'EY. I y.ield to the gentleman from Texas. Ct·nmton Jacoway O'Brien Taylor, Colo. l\1r. BLANTON. The forms of the print of the present bill Crisp Jefferis, Nebt·. O'Connor Taylor, Tenn. are already in existence and can be used if this same type is Dale Jeffers, Ala. Olpp Thomas Dallinger Johnson, Ky. Paige Thompson used. Deal Johnson, Iiss. Parker, N.Y. Tinkham 1\Ir. FORD:l\~Y. Yes; but it will cost $3,000 to print it in Dempsey Johnson, S. Dak. Patterson, N.J. Upshaw that form and less than $1,400 in this form. Dickin on Jones, Pa. Perkins Vaile Drin•t' Kahn Perlman Vare 1\Ir. BLANTON. Has the gentleman taken into consideration Dunn . .Kendall Petersen Volk that if the size of the type is reduced e\ery word of these 34G Dupre Kennedy Rainey, Ala. Ward, N. Y. pages will ha\e to be reset? Has the gentleman taken that into Echols Kiess Rainey, Ill, Wason consideration? Edmonds Kindred Ramseyer Williamson Fairchild Kirkpatrick Ransley Winslow l\Ir. FOH.Di\'EY. It does not take so much paper or press Fenn Kitchin Reed, W . Va. Wise work; it would be set in good large type in document form, and Fish h.'leczka Riddick Wyant Fisher Kline. N.Y. Riordan -n·oulTARIFF. 1\Ir. G.AHXER. Reserving the right to object, I want to make l\lr. FORDNEY. 1\fr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent a parliamentary inquiry. that the general debate run on until a little later, when a rule The SPEAKER pro temr.-JI'e. The gentleman will state it. will be brought in. It will be announced soon when that rule l\1r. GARNER. I do not know what is customary under the will he presented. I also ask that the time be divided equally rules, but heretofore when bills were read the first time they between the two sides of the House, and that I be permitted to were printed in the RECORD, and I was wondering why this bill control one-half of the time and the gentleman from Texas was not printed in the RECORD as it was read to the House. I [l\lr. GARNER] the other half. present that inquiry to the Speaker. The SPEAKER pro tempore. The gentleman from 1\lichigan Ir. MANN. Bills that are read the first time are never asks unanimous con ·ent that general debate upon the bill H. R. printed in the RECORb. 7456. be equally divided and controlled. by himself and the The PE.AKER pro tempore. The Chair is of the opinion that gentleman from Texas [1\Ir. GARKER]. Is there objection? when a bill is read the first time in the House it is not printed 1\lt·. FORD:NEY. That takes into consideration time already in the RECORD, but it simply sets forth' that the Clerk has read used on this side. the bill. l\lr. GAR~~R. In this unanimous-consent reque t, do you 1\Ir. 1\I.A.:l\'N. A bill that is read a second ti:Oe is not printed expect to be charged with the time already occupied? in the RECORD except when an amendment is offered. l\lr. FORD~~Y. Yes, sir. l\1r. GAR. JER. I understood that the object of the reading The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there objection? [After a of the bill was to convey the information to the public which the pause. j The Chair hears none. gentleman from Michigan is now seeking to conyey. REPRINT OF TARIFF RILL. 1\Ir. 1\IANN. I assure the gentleman from Texas that the public would ne,er read a bill in the fine type in which it would l\Ir. FORDXEY. Mr. Spraker, I present the following reso­ be printed in the RECORD. lution. which I nsk to have read. The SPEAKER pro tempore. The gentleman from 1\Iichigan l\lr. GARNER. I am not as able to speak for the public as offers a re ·olution, which the Clerk will report. is the gentleman from Illinois. The Clerk read as follows: The SPEAKER ,pro tempore. The Chair is advised by one 9f the Official Reporters of the Honse that the practice was fol~ House concunent resolution No. 23. lowed in this instance "\vhich has been e tabli heel for some time, Re ol~:e£l by the House of Representati1:es (the Senate cotw"rring), that wh ~ n a long bill bas been read in the Committee of the That the uill (II. R. 7456) to provide revenue, to regulate comm~rce with foreign countries, to +>ncourage the indu tries of the Umted Whole it is not printed in the RECORD. State ·. and for other purposes, be printed as a House document with 1\ir. FORDNEY. 1\fr. Speaker, I moYe the adoption of the an index, and that 15,000 additional copies be printed, of which 9,0(J0 re olution. ~>hall be for the use of the House. 4,000 for the Senate.t 1,000 for the Committee on Ways and Mean. of the House, and 1,00u for the Com- The SPEAKER pro tempore. The question is on agreeing 1nlttee on Finance of the Senn te. to the resolution offered by the gentleman from Michigan, as l\lr. FORD~~Y. Now, 1\lr. Speaker, we ha\e recei\ed esti­ modified. mates as to the cost of printing, and to print the bill in the size The resolution as modified was agreed to. of the print that has already appeared, will cost in round 1\Ir. CAMPBELL of Kansas rose. number $3,000. I a k to ha'e the size reduced to the ordinary The SPEAh.'"ER pro tempore. For what purpose does tlle document size, which will reduce that cost to $1,398. gentleman from Kansas rise? 1921. ~ooN~GRESSION AL RECORD-HOUSE. 3489 ·-

Mr. CAl\lPBELL of Kansas. I ask unanimous consent to pro­ modity as straw hats to any great extent would be allowed to ceed for one minute. come into this country from abroad, and it is a noteworthy and The SPEAKER pro tempore. The gentleman from Kansas additional fact, of course, t11at in straw hats the trade-mark, asks unanimous consent to proceed for one minute. Is there . particularly in this country, amounts to a great deal. We can objection? go to ·one store and huy a ha.t bearing one trade-mark for $8 There was no objecticn. and go into another -store and buy a hat, apparently of equal 1\Ir. CAMPBELL of _Kansas. Mr. Speaker, on Tuesday, after value, bearing another trade-mal'k for $5 or even less. The the disposition of privileged matters on the Speaker's table, I query .of the .gentleman from Texas would not .hold good, be­ shall call up a rule for the further consideration of the tariff ,cause certainly under the conditions he recites the indu£h'y in bill. this .country would go ·.out of business. THE · T~IFF. The gentleman from Texas stated that he did not see any l'eason why at this time we should have a tati1I bill, and my; The SPE.A..KER ·pro tempore. - The gentleman from :Michigan e.olleague "from Texas is as well informed a man as theTe is Com-_ [1\lr. ForuJNEY] moves that the Hou. e resolve itself into in the House. He knows that as to the silk indnstry in this mittee of lthe Whole House on 'the ·stat-e ·of the 'Union for the country, while it has grown some, yet the imports of silk ba\e further consideration of the tariff ·bill. The question is .on increased from $28,000,000 to $54,000,000 in less than fi\e years. agreeing to that motion. · He also knows that where a few years ago a million dollars' The motion was agl'eed to. . worth of .glass came into this country, within the past year. Thereupon the House resolved itself into Committee of the $10,000;000 worth has come into this country., and the glass-in­ Whole House on the tate of 1the Union for the further con­ iiustry is stagnant. Be also knows of the failures "that have sideration of the bill H. R. 7456, the tariff bill, with 1\!r. CAMP­ occuned recently in the silk business. BELL of Kansas in the chair. I want to refer also to this question of .American valuation The CHAIRMAN. The House is in Commitree of .the Whole before proceeding with my statement. I have .prepared a little House on the ·state of the Union for the further consid~ration memoranclum here showing the situation with regard to habutai of the bill H. IR. 7456; which the Clerk will report by title. silk. Many Members have -stated that they did not understand The {Jlerk read as follows : how we arrive at the American -valuation o~ . goods that come from A bill (H. R. 7456) to provide revenue, to regulate commtu-ce with a 'foreign country. Habutai silk is 6i mommie, and mommie foreign countries, to eneomage the indu tries of the United States, and for other purposes. :i:s the weight. It would be 19 yards to a pound~ and the habutai silk is really the leading silk imported into this oountry from 1\lr. FORDNEY. 1\:Ir. Chairman, '1 ask that the gentleman Ja.pan. It is used .for women's waists in the higher grades. and from Texas [1\Ir. GAI:NER] now use some time. also for m-en's shirts. In the .lower ,grades and in the lighter The OHAffiMAN. The gentleman from Texas is recogni2ed.· weights it is used for the lining of some hats a.nd also for coffin Mr. GARNER. Mr. Chairman, I ask ·unanimous consent to linings. n is impossible for us in this ·countJ:y to produce a revise and extend my remark-s in the RECORD. J less weight than 6! Jnommie . . The only reason that the ·manu­ The CHAIR1\IA1~. The gentleman from Texas asks unani­ factuTers have given .as to why they ·want the lighter ·weight mous consent to revise and extend his remarks in the RECORD. l silk kept out of this country is in order that they may be able Is theYe objection? to produce something that the ·people would use in plae-e of There was no objection. habutai silk. 1\Ir. FORDNEY. That privilege will be given, l\1r. Chairman, Example: One ya:ud of babutai silk of the weight of 6-! to everybody in the rule, ·r believe. mommie-- 1\Ir. Chairman, I yield 30 minute to the gentleman from New Cost in the United States: Jersey [1\fr. BACHARACH]. Per y~rd ______$0. 7~ The OHAIRl\1AN. The gentleman from New Jersey is recog­ Per cent duty rate, Fordney bill, American valuation __ .!. _ 31 nized for 30 minutes. Mr. BACHARACH. Mr. Chairman and gentlemen of the com- ' A1nount of duty per yard------­ 0 .. 2325 mittee, it was ..my purpo e mainly to read an address that I had Cost in Japan: prepared regarding the taFiff, but I can not allow to go un­ Per yard ______$0.45 challenged the statement of my colleague from Texas [1\lr. Per cent rate of duty in Underwood laW------45 GARNER] concerning the American valuation on the straw hat Amount .of duty per yard ______.______·o. 2025 that he showed us here to-day. I want to call attention to it, and I will do so in just a moment. If his statement was cor­ By adding 23i cents to the cost of the silk in Japan of 45 rect as to th-e foreign valuation of the hat and the American cents per yard we have the effect of the American valuation; valuation of the hat, then there would be no straw-hat industry thus: - in this country under the present bill. 0.45 . 2325 The ~entleman from Texas made the statement that traw hats :were taxed $10 per .dozen. Straw hats have ·no specific . 6825 cost of .Japanese habutai under cluty and the gentleman from Texas must have. drawn upon his American valuation. imagination to find a specific ·duty in tllis bill. For the infor­ By dividing the American duty of 23! cents by the foreign mation of the committee I ·will read the exact language of the cost we have a protective duty of 51! per cent, as .against 45 per item pertaining to straw hats: cent under the .Underwood law, showing that the 31 per cent Straw hats valued at more than $3 per dozen, 20 per cent ad valorem ; rate under the American valuation plan is equal in this case to all other men's hats composed wholly or in chief value of any of H t. · the foregoing materials, whether wholly o.r partly manufactured, either 5 :I per cen not blocked or blocked, not trimmed or trimmed, if sewed, 40 per cent This is what has occurred in the last week: As to the actual ad valorem. market price of 6~ mommie from Japan, the 75 cents indicates 'l'hat would mean that on the hat that the g€ntleman from the price in this country, and under our present valuation, the Texas states would cost in this country $2 and which would American valuation, it would mean that the duty would be· 23± cost in France ·$1, on the basis of a 40 per cent ra.te, American cents duty ,per ~ard . on the impol'ted Japanese silk. Yaluation, the duty would amount to 80 cents; tha.t is, instead Mr. MADDEN. 1\Ir. Chairman, will the gentleman yield of figuring the duty on the foreign cost or valuation we figu1·e there? it on the American valuation and ndd it to the fo1·cign cost. Mr. BACHARACH. ·Yea. In other words, it would mean that every hat which comes into Mr. MADDEN. W.bich would make it 68! cents? this country from abroad at $1.80 could hot .be produced in the 1\ir. BACHARA.O.H. Yes; making a total cost of 681 cents ·united States for less than $2. Without the duty imposed by on the Japanese habutai silk, which compares with the 7.5 eents this bill, computed ·upon the American valuation, it would mean in this country. that the tremendous straw hat industry. in the United States, ' However, what l wanted to ~plain pru·ticularly to the ~lem­ which employs approximately 7,000 people, representing a cap- . bers of the House was how they arrive at the diffet·enee between ital investment of approximately "$10,000,000, would not be able . the American valuation and the ..foreign valuation. .A ·tate­ to meet the competition from the Orient, from which countries : _ment that has been made heretofore both in committee and here nine-tenths of our imports in straw hats come; and American ' -is that the American valuation is about 50 _per ·cent more fuan workmen, were jt not for the adequate .protection .afOOrde.d by the foreign valuation. I think that is generally true. It i:s the this bill, would be forced to live in the style c:ff the Chinese purpose of this committee not to keep the merchanui. e out of and Japanese if their indu try would continue in existence and this country but .to make it eompetitive. Of com·. e that i tbe 1 enueaYor to meet the competition of the cheap ~abor markets policy of the "'Republican Pa.rty . .of the Orient. Of com· ~e , as a matter of'fact, neither the Unller- Mr. GRA:HA1\1 of Illinois. Will the genUemau yielll? wood bill nor ·the Payne bill ever intenfle{l that suCh .a com- Mr. 13ACHA:RA.CH. 'I \Yield to the .gentleman f1·om Illinois. 3490 CONGRESSIONAL· R,ECORD-' HOUSE. .

Mr. GRAHA.. l\1 of Illinois. Will the gentleman tell us whether then, I understanu, according to the figures on the chart, the there are any factories that are producing habutai silk in the Japane e article with the duty could be laid down in the Uniteu States now? · United States for $1.14. 1\Ir. BACHARACH. I rather think probably there may be Mr. BACHARACH. Yes. fa•:::tories that are producing it, -and I want to say why~ There Mr. CHINDBLO~I. And, of course, that would kill off the are certain factories, the same as in all other merchandise lines, American product. in which they have standardized goods. For instance, the gen­ Mr. BACHARACH. Absolutely. There is this much about . tleman himself, probably, when he goes to buy a shirt or col­ the American valuation and the foreign Taluation. Per ~onalls lar goes and asks for some particular kind and pays more f.or I was not a very earnest convert or advocate of the American it because he wants that kind and knows that it is satisfactory, \"aluation; but when we heard the testimony which was laid and they are the only people who are manufacturing that class before our committee, in which it was absolutely shown that of silk in this country, importers would come and make misstatements as to valua­ Mr. GRAHAl\1 of Illinois. I do not know whether the gen­ tion, the necessity for it was made apparent. In fact, the best tleman can tell me about this or not, but during the war this evidence, to my mind, that this is a good proposition is that habutai silk was found to be about the only kind that could be the only people who have objected to it are the importers and used in the preparation of certain cartridge cases. the people who handle the greatest amount of imported mer­ Mr. BACHARACH. The silk used in the manufacture of chandise. T\ e had one large concern loc..1.ted in New York that cartridge bags is not exactly a habutai silk; they ·are made made the statement before the committee that they sold 90 per from what is kno,vn as Japanese peignes or combed silk. cent of American-made goods, and I do not believe there is a 1\Ir. GRAHAM of Illinois. And -vast quantities were used by man in the country who is engaged in the mercantile business the Government, all of which, I assume, were imported, or a but knows that they use approximately 90 per cent of foreign­ large part. Now, if by a tariff of this kind that sort of a busi­ made goods . .. ness can be built up in this country, it seems to me it would Now, if there are any further questions to be asked on thi be very advantageous. I h-now of the vast quantities that were subject I shall be glad to answer them. If not, I 'Yill proceed purchased by the United States during the war. Does the gen­ with my remarks. tleman know whether they were imported? l\11'. FORD:NEY. I would like to ha-ve the gentleman cor· l\Ir. BACHARACH. The business of supplying cartridge bags rect the gentleman from Texas as to the duty on straw hats. for the United States Government developed a large importa­ Mr. BACHARACH. I did explain that when I began. tion of this Japanese peignes, which material, up to that time, 1\Ir. CHTh"'DBLOM:. Will the gentleman yield? · was not imported into the United States in any appreciable Mr. BACHARACH. I yield to the gentleman from Illinois. quantity.. This silk was also extensively used in the rnanu­ l\Ir. CHINDBLOl\I. Will the gentleman make a brief state- factQ.re of airplane~, parachutes, et cetera. We are a great silk ment of the operation of this American valuation srstem show­ manufacturing country. At the same time there are certain ing just how it is going to operate, so that anyone knowing classes of silks on which we do not compete. This habutai silk, the foreign value and the American value may figure out the made in Japan, is one that we do not compete on. This habutai tariff? silk is a pure silk. Japan was in such poor favor so far as its 1\lr. BACHARACH. That was the purpose I had in prepar- merchandise was concerned that it was compelled to standard­ ing this chart. ize it, and now the Japanese stamp the silk that comes into this 1\lr. CHINDBLOl\1. That is not in the RECORD. country, showing not only that it is pu~·e silk but also the l\fr. TREADWAY. Will my colleague yield? grade, showing whether it is first, second, or third grade. 1\fr. BACHARACH. I yield to the gentleman from 1\Ius a­ 1\fr. BLANTON. Will the gentleman yield? chusett . 1\fr. BACHARACH. Yes. Mr. TREADWAY. If I understoood the que tion of the Mr. BLANTON. I wi h to ask the gentleman about the gentleman from Illinois [1\fr. CHL~DBLOM] he would like n copy American valuation. It is all right so long as the price in the of the table of comparative relations between American and United States remains 75 cents, but suppose some Daniel J. foreign values. We have that, and it should be inserted in the Sully should create a monopoly in the silk market, and instead RECORD, either in the remarks of the gentleman from New of having the American valuation at 75 cents it should be in­ Jersey or of some other 1\Iember. creased 300 per cent, to $2.25. Then, this 31 per cent would 1\fr. BLANTON. Will the gentleman yield? amount to three times 231, .or 69i cents duty, which duty alone ·Mr. BACHARACH. Yes. comes within a few cents of the real American value of 75 Mr. BLANTON. The gentleman has helped me out on one cents, hence would make a prohibitive rate. proposition very materially, and if he will permit, I want to 1\fr. BACHARACH. No ; it would be just the other way. ask him what he means by "American valuation? " Is it the Mr. COPLEY. I will · give the gentleman the exact figures wholesale price at which the goods are listed, or is it the total in a moment. expense that it costs the manufacturer to produce it? Mr. BACHARACH. l\ly colleague, the gentleman from Illi- Mr: BACHARACH. I would say that it is the competitive nois [1\fr. CoPLEY] is now figuring it. price. If we take the cost of merchandise abroad you would 1\fr. COPLEY. It would be $1.14i cents. compare the cost of the merchandise here, but if you are going Mr. BACHARACH. I thank my colleague. to take the wholesale price abroad you would take the whole- .l\1r. BLANTON. But as the American valuation went up or sale price here. , down, this duty would go up or down, of course. · Mr. BLANTON. If it is not the list price or cost of produc­ 1\lr. BACHARACH. It would be added to the $2.25, as the tion, is it a value definitely ascertainable? gentleman stated, and my friend from Illinois has figured it, Mr. BACHARACH. Oh, I would not say it was the li t and makes it $1.14. price. Prices differ, prices Tary, as the gentleman kno"·s. . Mr. TREADWAY. 'Vill my colleague yield? l\Ir. TREADWAY. Will the gentleman yield? , l\Ir. BACHARACH. I yield to my colleague on the com­ 1\~r. BACHARACH. Certainly. mittee. Mr. TREADWAY. In reference to the table of comparison Mr. TllEADWAY. I was not quite sure when the gentleman in the American and foreign valuation, the chairman informs began his explanation whether he told the House where the 31 me that he intends to insert that table as a part of his re­ per cent in the fir t column came from. marks. l\Ir. BACHARACH. The 31 per cent rate in this bill on Mr. CHINDBLOM. Then that will answer my inquiry. woven good. . • Mr. TREADWAY. The gentleman from Texas inquired 1\lr. TREADWAY. I do not think the gentleman made that what the American valuation is. If he will carefully read plain. · section 402 on page 240, he will have a comprehensive idea of it. 1\Ir. BACHARACH. I probably neglected to state that; but Mr. BLANTON. I have rend it and I henrd the Clerk the ilk indu try is one great industry where there will prob­ read it. ably never be a monopoly. It is Tery easy to get into the silk Mr. BAJ\TKHEAD. 'Will the gentleman yield? bu iness, and to-day there are about 1,200 factories work-ing Mr. BACHARACH. I will. part of the time on silk. In other words, the silk industry is 1\lr. BANKHEAD. I want to ask the gentleman one qnes· I• not like any other industry. It is not very affluent. tion. He has taken the item of silk as an illustration. Mr. CHINDBLOM. 'Vill the gentleman yield? Mr. BACIJARACH. Yes; and the reason I did that was be­ Mr. BACHARACH. Yes. cause I was on the subcommittee. Mr. CHTh"'DBLOl\1. May I ask with reference to the figures Mr. BAl\TKHEAD. Under the existing Underwood tariff law made by my colleague [1\Ir. CoPLEY] ? Assuming what the there is a certain duty. on silk, and does the gentleman take gentleman from Texas [Mr. BLANTON] said, that the manufac· into consideration the present tarit! in fixing the American turers of this silk should treble the price and make it $2.25, valuation? 1921. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 3491

l\Ir. BACHARACH. On imported silk I did figure it. The Mr. CRISP. Mr. Secretary, I would like to ask you a question. Of course, I do not car~ to have you answer unless you see fit to do so. present duty is 45 per cent under the Underwood law. I do not think there is any man in -the country that is more familiar Mr. B ....lliKHEAD. Upon what intrinsic basis is th"e Ameri­ with world-wide conditions than you. I would like to kno"~ your can valuation fixed? I would like to know how a revenue opinion as to whether it would be advisable for the united States to change its policy of levying duties, to American valuations, as proposed agent would undertake to figure out the American valuation; in the bill which the committee is considering? upon what basis would he figure. it? . Secretary HOOVER. I have given that some thought. My impres­ Mr. BACHARACH. In this particular case the sillr manu­ Sion is that with the unstable currency and exchange situation that we have in a large part of Europe to-day there is practically no other facturers are contending that we are not giving them enough alternative. duty. Several silk manufacturers were in my office and they seemed to be under the impression that I would not favor as The Ways and Means Committee in presenting this tariff bill mucl1 protection as they thought they required. That is where to the House is offering a measure which, in the best judg­ I received the .figures of 75 and 45, which I stated was the ment of its members, will assist materially the early restora­ American price of the habutai silk. tion of business prosperity throughout the country. Early in 1\Ir. BANKHEAD. Suppose within six mont)ls the prices the hearings which were begun by the committee last Januarv changed. Are the I'evenue officials to keep track of the differ­ it became very evident that the Underwood bill would in no ent prices from month to month and be charged with the re­ wise protect our indush·ies from the onslaughts of the European sponsibility? manufacturers, who have been looking with en\ious eres upon Mr. BACHARACH. They can find out the American valua­ the prosperity of America and beginning to formulate cam­ tion very much easier than they would be able to find out the paigns to bring back to their nati\e lands some of the huge foreign valuation six months from now. Incidentally the quantities of gold that have come to us in our heretofore enor­ wages will go up in Japan and other countries. mous trade with the world. Mr. KETCHAM. Will the gentleman yield? The business interests of the country through their repre­ l\Ir. BACHARACH. I will. sentatives who appeared before the committee, and the masses Mr. KETCHAM. I have been much interested in the state­ of the people of the country through their \Otes in the last elec­ ment of the gentleman from Texas that we might-develop our tion, made it very plain that they wanted American business foreign trade by buying in foreign markets, and I am inter­ protected from European and oriental onslaughts. We secured . ested in the interpretation of the gentleman from New Jersey a great deal of information and data from the witnesses who of that argument. Has the gentleman from New Jersey any appeared at the hearings and from the petitions that literally opinion as to the relative costs of labor invol\ed in the produc­ flooded us at all times, and, separating the wheat ·from the tion of goods here and abroad? chaff, we have drawn up rates and provisions that will sene 1\fr. BACHARACH. There has been a statement compiled, to equalize conditions and still not debar goods from abroad. . which the chairman of the committee will file, of the wage scale -It would not be difficult to .cite a huge number of indus­ in all countries. I want to say for the information of the gen­ tries that are actually threatened by foreign competition to a tleman from Michigan and others that in my district there point where extinction must follow. We have just passed are a great many glass factories, and not one of them is run­ through a period of strife that showed us we should never in ning on account of the large amount of goods coming in from the future permit ourselves to be dependent upon any foreign abroad. r know that those laboring men can not afford to buy nation, be it for coal-tar medicinals, dyestuffs, optical and merchandise. surgical instruments, and other commodities to assist us in Mr. KETCHAM. I thank the gentleman from New Jersey. warfare, or the little celluloid toys that serve to amuse the I was wondering if he shared the opinion of the gentleman little children of the land at all times. from Texas, who seems to be solicitous about procuring work Personally I believe it would have been better had we first for the foreign workmen when there are millions of our own taken up the reYision of the revenue laws, for these need over­ workmen lying idle. hauling and have a wider effect on our people than the tariff. Mr. WOODS of Virginia. Will the gentleman yield? Internal taxes hit all classes of people, from the great captains l\Ir. BACHARACH. · Yes. of industry, through all the various professions and \Ocations, Mr. 'VOODS of Virgiilia. The gentleman is familiar with down to the urchin in the street, who must pay his penny to the silk business? Uncle Sam before he can buy a 5-cent ice-cream cone. Many l\Ir. BACHARACH. Somewhat. of the large commercial institutions of the country begin their Mr. WOODS of Virginia. I happen to know that artificial fiscal years, as does the Government, on July 1, and it would silk is manufactured from wood fiber in two plants in this have had an extremely beneficial effect on business if Congress­ country, and there is another one being built. I do not think had made it so that the merchants and manufacturers would they need protection, but there are several plants abroad, and be able to begin their new fiscal year with a definite knowledge I do not think in the bill there is any provh;;ion for a tariff on of what they will be expected to pay in the way of Federal this silk. taxes. 1\Ir. BACHARACH. Oh, yes; there is a provision for arti­ With the United States holding the o-verflowing money bags ficial silk. It is slightly higher than 31 per cent. and Europe owing to us $10,000,000,000 from loans made to om: l\fr. WOODS of Virginia. I thou-ght it might come in and -allies, our markets will be sought more and more as the one stipplant the genuine silk. place able to absorb the surplus products of all the countries. 1\Ir. DOWELL. Will the gentleman yield? Germany, in particular, looks to America as the fertile field Mr. BACHARACH. Certainly. from which she will draw sustenance in the future. Mr. DOWELL. 'Vill the committee present in the RECORD a It is true that there has been a fair increase in the wages comparative statement of the price of labor for the manufac­ paid the German workmen, but with this increase in pay the ture of certain articles in other countries and the wages in this German masters have also adopted intensive methods of shop country? practice. This increased efficiency has progressed to a point Mr. BACHARACH. The gentleman from Michigan [Mr. where the higher present-day wage scales, as compared with FoRD~"EY] has that information, and I have no doubt be will prewar wage scales, have more than been offset. print it in the RECORD. World conditions are changing almost daily. However, im­ Mr. FORD~~Y. I would like to say to the gentleman that mediate action is necessary ; and, as we are firmly convinced we h:we a printed document of the wages in all counh·ies of that with the exception of coal-tar dyes, which are subjected the "\\Orld, together with the American wages, and I will print to a different form of legislation in this bill than other com­ it as a part of my remarks. modities, no foreign products will be debarred from import Mr. DOWELL. Is-that in a comparative form? into the United States because of the rates we have proy-ided, Mr. FORD1\TEY. It gives the wages of the various indus­ this bill should be adopted. tries. and whether skilled ·or common labor. I have heard a great deal of talk about a "scientific" Mi·. HAWLEY. If the gentleman from New Jersey will per­ revision of the tariff law, but I must confess I do not under­ mit, I "ill say in answer to the gentleman from Virginia [Mr. stand the relation of the term " scientific " in its application WooDs] that the provision with reference to artificial silk will to the preparation of tariff legislation. What your committee be found in p::tragraph 1215. endeavored to do was to prepare for your consideration and ap­ Mr. BACHARACH. I state for the bepefit of the member­ proval a '-'business" revision of the present tariff laws. 'Ve ship of the committee on bot.h sides of the aisle with reference have endeavored to giy-e to the country a tariff which will, to American valuation, that 1\Ir. Hoover came before our com­ first of all, assure to the country the continuous employment of mittee. and I know a gre..'lt many people value his opinion· our people at wages commensurate with their labors. To do irrespective of pnrty. This is the inquiry which was made of that, it is necessary for us to giYe to the manufacturers of Mr. Hooy-er and his answer thereto: tlie land that degree of protection which will enable them t

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CONGRESSiONAL('REcbRD-· ]IOUSE.\

compete in our home markets with the products of Europe and change which made it so ab olutely necessary now, as Mr. the Orient produced with labor employed at wages that would Hoover says it is. not suffice in our own country. The CHAIRMAN. The time of the gentleman from New We can not guarantee the one without affording the other. Jersey has expired. Employment and protection must tra\el hand in band. And l\Ir. FORDNEY. Mr. Chairman, I yielU the gentleman five when we complete the revision of the tax laws-a. matter that minutes more. will be undertaken .almost immediately after the conclusion of Mr. CHINDBLO~l. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? the tariff legislation-we will ha\e wen-balanced tax laws on l\11·. B~<\.CHAR.ACH. Yes. our statute books. It is estimated that the new customs levies Mr. CHINDBLOM. I want to ask this question with ref­ provided in the bill which we are to-day considering will in­ erence to the Tariff CoiDilliBsion : Is the Tariff Commission crease cu~ toms receipts $300,000,000. favornble to our Republican doctrine of protection? The gen­ l\lr. BLANTON. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield. tleman says that we have no recommendation from them. right there? l\lr. BACHARACH. I would say this. In what I am about 1\lr. BACH~ffiACH . Yes. to say I shall give my own personal views and not the views l\lr. BI. .. 4.>\.NTON. ~' he gentleman read a statement of Mr. of tile committee 1·ega1·ding the Tariff Commission. Hoo\er on American Taluation. There has been many murmurings around the halls of Con­ Mr. BACHARACH. Yes. gl:ess, coming sometimes from Members, sometimes from busi­ Mr. BLANTON. Did the gentleman's committee. follow the ness men, that the writing of tariff legislation should be left opinion and the inference that should be properly drawn from to an unbiased board, such as the Tariff Commission. I want 1.lre unbiased statement of facts recently made in a rEport on to say at the outset that the committee was indeed fortunate .American Yaluation by the Tariff Commission? in having available the many experts employed by the com­ lli. BACHARACH. I do not lmow how the rest of the mission, as well as the advice and suggestions of the very able members felt about it, but personally I have a very high re­ commissioners themselves. .At first. before we got very far gard for the Tariff Commission. into the writing of the bill itself, I held the opinion that per­ Mr. BLANTON. Does that report warrant the provision in haps it would be better to give the commission greater leeway ·this bill fixing American valuation? in this particular work, and I contemplated offering a pro­ Mr. BACHARACH. I do not believe that tile Tariff Commis­ vision that would enlarge their powers ~nd authorities. sion would make any recommendation. It was the practice of the committee, in seeking information Mr. BLANTON. They gave the figures and facts. on which to · base rates, to call in for conferences leaders in l\Ir. BACHARACH. They may have; I will not say they uiu the various trades. The subcommittee members would sit not, but I do not recollect it now. around the table with these business men and the experts of Mr. BL• ..A..NTON. I think that is one of tlle main proposi­ the Tariff Commission having a knowledge of the particular com­ tions now before the House. modity under conside1·ation. It was the result of one of theNe M.r. MOORE of Virginia. Mr. Chairman, wm the gentleman conferences that completely removed from my mind any desire yield? to delegate any of the constitutional rights of Congress to any Mr. BACHA.RA.CH. Yes. othe1· branch of the Government. Mr. l\IOORE of Virginia. The fact is that the bulletin con­ The commission's men and these business men debated the tains a very complete historical statement. It sl10ws that this question at considerable length, and the subcommittee drew subject has been under consideration since the beginning of the from their discussion its conclusions on which rates were Go-vernment. A variety o.f opjnions has been expressed about actually based. Then carne the information that these very it, and I think it is fair to say that the majority of opinion has same business men had gone to the commission and complained been against it. It has been tried for only a va·y brief period of what the latter's experts had told us, using vatious methods during the existence of the Go\ernment. in an effort to have the testimony changed that higher rates Mr. FORDNEY. 1\fr. Chairman, will the gentlemtm from might be afforded the industry. It so happened that these X ew Jersey y ielo ? men remained steadfast, but there is no assurance that where l\Ir. BACHARACH. Yes. appointive positions are involved the occasion may not some­ Mr. FORDNEY. Let me say to the gentleman from Texas times arise where attaches of the commission may not fall [1\.Ir. BLANTON] that the Tariff Commission prepared a written victims to intimidation to retain their jobs. Etatement, copies of which we have over in the 'Vays and In my judgment the action of these business men was ex­ l\Ieans Committee, showing the benefits of American valuation. tremely I"eprehensible. Their complaints should have been They refrained always from recommending rates. lodged with the Ways and Means Committee. We found them ~1r. MOORE of Virginia. May I interrupt further? endeavoring to influence the promulgation of rates that would l\lr. BACHARACH. Certainly. have resulted virtually in embargoing the foreign competing l\Ir. MOORE of Virginia. The law unfortunately does not products. The Ways and l\Ieans Committee had no desire to allow tile Tariff Commission now to make any recommendations take any such action. In fact, it has gone about its work with aml it has refrained from doing that in this bulletin to which the idea always before it that rates should be as low as would I referred. I do not know anything about private expressions guarantee the healthy continuance of American business, a of op-inion tbnt members ma.y have made. reasonable return of revenue to the Government, and still per­ l\Ir. BACHARACH. I would say that I think probably that mit healthy competition from abroad. would be the better method, aml l lmve something to say in During the hearings held by the Ways and l\Ieans Committee re~pect to why I opposed the Tariff Commission as far as their there appeared before us interested persons from every section recommending rates is concerned. I am in favor of the work of the country. Some, as I have intimated, gave us informntion that they haYe been doing. and suggestions that were very valuable. Others, as I have Mr. LONGWORTH. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? stated, gave us information and statistics that were not in har­ Mr. B.ACHA.RACH. Yes. mony with facts gathered by the experts of the Tariff Commis­ l\Ir. LONGWORTH. · I think the gentleman from Virginia sion and other governmental agencies. We had to be able to · [1\Ir. l\looRE] misapprehended the gentleman's answer. The discriminate between the various classes of information pre­ Tariff Commission did not make a recommendation in favor of sented. American valuation, but at the request of the committee, who We have dependable statistics to show that there has been desired to put such a provision in this bill, the Tariff Corn­ a very rapid increase in the amount of imports coming into the mission helped us to draft it. United States from Europe and the Orient since the close of Mr. l\IOORE of Virginia. I think that is an exact statement, the war, and evidence was produced to show that these imports but the gentleman will bear me out that they did furnish a were so interfering with the sale of American-made goods that very illuminating statement on the subject. many manufacturers were forced to close down their plants. Mr. LONGWORTH. They did, but they did not on their own The members of the Ways and Means Committee, representing initiative make any recommendations. all these various sections of the country, have digested and dis­ Mr. MOORE of Virginia. Quite true, and one of my diffi­ cussed every bit of evidence presented to them from every a.ngle culties has been that we are without a recommendation from upon every item on which there was any show of disagreement. the Tariff Commission. Therefore it is only fair to assume that they must have reached 1\lr. LONGWORTH. Absolutely, and may I also add that conclusions which, until proven otherwise, must be for the bene­ the gentleman from Virginia, I think, stated correctly that fit of American industry and consequently for the benefit of the possibly the majority of opinion has been against American American workingman. valuation. It has been tried only a little while, bo.t never In writing this bill we have tried to guide ourselves along a before has the occasion arisen due to the falling of foreign ex- safe course, using the Payne-Aldrich and the Underwood laws 1921. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 3493

for comparative purposes, bearing in mind always the condi­ price thereof, inspired solely by a selfish interest, longed for tions confronting us by reason of the war. These two laws, I and sought to secure by free Hade the libert~· of selling his l>elieve, offer a very good criterion as between the Democratic product in whateYer market would giYe him the highest price principles of tariff for revenue only and the Republican doctrine therefor and which afforded him the cheapest articles of manu­ of tariff for protection. We have tried not to erect around our facture he desired to obtain in return. He wanted the maxi­ industries a wall of protection so high as to utterly exclude for­ mum price for his product and a minimum price for eyerytbing eign products, particularly those offering no hurtful competition. he sought to buy with his product. In many instances these rates are below those of the Payne­ Of course, such a policy was narrow, selfish, sectional, and Aldrich law, although it was contended throughout the hearings wholly lmpatriotic, and on.e which, if pursued, would haye Jeft that even the Payne rates would prove inadequate protection for this country in a condition of undeYelopment of its na tionnl our industries against the products made with the cheap labor re ources, with a much-lessened population, a much-lessened of foreign countries. wealth, and, in time of warfare, largely helple s by reason of a We have thought it proper to give to the manufacturers in crude and an imperfect indu trialism. To-day the condition!'l the so-called key industries every possible, reasonable chance haYe changed. The cotton grower is asking for a protective tariff to compete with foreign-made goods. These key industries are on his cotton, for his monopoly i. · gone and he is feeling the tho e which were created in the United States during the war pinch of competition from foreign lands. upon the urgent solicitation of our own Government for the There is no reason to spend any further time, nor shall I do manufacture of those things which were absolutely necessary so, in lauding the result of this policy of protection to Ameri­ for our succes ful participation in and prosecution of the war, can industries, for it has spoken for itself throughout the whole and which the country should never again be without. By wide world in such tones of power that·there is no lan

I say this because I believe that just as the strength and It may be properly said in this connection that every form influence of every nation in tlie past has been measured by its of chemistry, whether of the crude alchemies of the past or production of coal and iron, so will the power, the safety, not the more modern and, therefore, the more scientific chemistry to say the welfare and happiness of our country be measured of the present, has always been a faithful and zealous hand-· in the future by its knowledge of synthetical chemistry. The maiden to the physician. In the beginning pharmacy was iron man has been the commanding figure of our civilization up founded largely on superstition, charlatanism, and witchcraft, to this time. In the future it will be the chemist who sits always, however, with more or less of a germ of truth and quietly in his laboratory and shifts his molecular combinations efficacy in the crude prescription, as was seen ill that of a obtained from coal tar from one angle of the hexagon to an­ cultivated English physician of another century who used other, thereby changing at will the essential qualities of his powdered crabs' eyes as a remedy for diarrhea, the real cura­ product, and so, by an almost inexhaustible permutation, make tive agent being the carbonate of lime obtained therefrom. It an infinite Yariety of things so comprehensive in their useful­ must not be forgotten that medicine in some form, however ness and need that health, road building, housing, textile manu­ crude, has been instinctively sought for and used since the facturing, physical adornment, objects of art which delight coming of man. Remedies for pain and illness were as in­ the senses, agriculture, photography, national defense, and an stinctively and naturally sought for as food and drink and indefinite number of other things are included within the scope shelter and clothing, for we know that animals themselves of its power. When one reflects that the first patent granted hunt eagerly for cur~s for their disorders. St Paul was by for "making pitch and tar out of pit coale" was in 1681, the no means the first to philosophize on the subject of life rear that marked practically the first attempt to grapple with and death. The earliest caveman saw that since by man came the mysterious heritage of the Carboniferous age, and that the death by man must come also some preparation against death. value of this tar was not recognized really until two centuries Before the discovery of the medicinal values to be found in later, we can see how slow the scientific world was in compre­ the synthetica) products obtained from coal tar the physician hending the ine timable and essential potencies of this wonder­ depended entirely upon the mineral world; upon roots, herbs, ful substance, compared to which there is nothing like it in the blossoms, barks in the vegetable world; and the glands of rep­ world. It must not be forgotten that the analytical chemist is tiles and parts of other living things. Gradually specialists in now standing only on the threshold of a storehouse of inex­ the roots, herbs, insects, and the like laid the crude foundation haustible possibilities-on the borderland of a vast domain of of preventive and curative medicine. The source of supply of infinite discovery. The elements with which he is now becom­ these agents against disease were natural products, which could ' ing familiar afford innumerable vistas of beneficent and endless not always be found of standard purity or in sufficient supply. actualities. There seems to be in truth no end to what may After this came a long and more or less successful pursuit on reasonably be expected from his efforts in the future, as he the part of the early workers in organic chemistry in their gets more and more familiar with a substance that apparently attempt to secure greater purity. possesses in large measure all the energies of the earth. The next step in progress was the discovery of alkaloids from Up to this time the work of the synthetical chemist has been vegetable substances which gave a still greater degree of assur­ chiefly known through his relation to the discovery of dyes ance and certainty in the treatment of diseases than had ob­ used now so generally by our textile and other establishments. tained before, because these alkaloids were of fixed purity and While I do not mean to minimize the value of dyes, or the un­ strength and could therefore be more accurately measured as told value of the chemist's work in war in the manufacture of to their therapeutic value, thereby leading to a more scientific defensi\e and offensive deadly gases nor the benefit it has con­ study and knowledge of pathology. Following this has come ferred upon the agriculturist by utilizing a by-product of the the age of synthetic medicine, in which, out of coal tar and its coal-tar industry for fertilizing purposes, or the i:lelights it products, the chemist sits in his laboratory and makes m.edi­ brings to those for whom paints and powders and perfumes are cines at will--curative agents far exceeding in value those indispensable agents, especially in our day, nor the great serv­ that are found in nature, and to the production of which in an ice rendered to the photographer in his ofttimes priceless work, infinite variety there seems to be no limit. I venture the but I do desire to emphasize again with all my power the indis­ prophecy at this point that the time will come, and is not far pensable -value of this industry in its relation to the science of distant when the physician will be enabled to select out of a medicine, in the alleviation of pain, in the preservation of life single large group of synthetical medicines possessing substan­ as it concerns all our people. The relation of the synthetical tially one chief characteristic for his therapeutical use with chemist to the public health in the way of prophylaxis of the same meticulous facility that the essayist employs who etiology, in the alleviation and the cure of diseases, is of infi­ chooses the proper synonym for the expression of his thought. nitely more importance and of far greater economic value than Without bringing to your attention all of the synthetical prod­ his relation to all the rest combined. Let us not forget that ucts now known to possess medicinal value, I will state that when we are \Yell health is taken as a matter of course. Its there are more than 200 of them, and to some of these I inestimable beneficence is rarely appreciated except in illness. desire briefly to call your particular attention. Before doing so, But in the hour of suffering, when pain and weakness grip us however, let me say in passing that these products of the labo­ with a grim clutch, and when the fading light of life seems ratory possess properties which cover practically every use that about to leave our eyes, what an incomparable blessing to any disease calls for, embracing alteratives, aperients, purgatives, human being, whether rich or poor, if there be found a remedy germicides, anesthetics, soporifics, antipyretics, heart stimu­ that takes away the pain, restores the strength, and brings a lants, heart depressants, emetics, and a large number of other · new day of hope to replace the black vision of death. uses for medicinal purposes. For the general purpose of Most industries have a sequential relation. Iron ore is taken antiseptics-the most beneficent of all agencies either in medi­ f1·om the ground. Another industry melts it and runs it into cine or surgery-the coal-tar products have opened up a field "pigs." These in turn form the raw material for the maker of wonderful resource. This was amply demonstrated in the of steel and all the other products of iron. These chemical in­ surgery of the late war. dustries are likewise so correlated that they are interdepend­ I will take a few moments to speak specifically of some of the able and reciprocally valuable the one to the other. As one most important of these compounds. Phenacetin is a typical writer puts it: - and one of the best of antipyretics. It has special value in all Unlike other industries, all phases of the organic chemical industry forms of influenza. It was found to be of almost priceless value are so closely related that it is difficult to -single out a specialty for in the treatment of the late epidemic of influenza. The people emphasis. The finished products of one group of industrial plants are suffered beyond measure by the lack of this drug, it being at -very apt to be the raw material for still another group, and what iS more i.Q'Jportant, many specialties which have become necessities would that time manufactured chiefly in Germany and its importation be impossible but for the assistance of the organic chemical industry restricted by war. as a whole. In no other way could the necessary raw materials be Aspirin is another coal-tar product and of such universal provided. favor for rheumatism and other ailments as to be used lit­ I shall not speak upon the question of imports or exports erally by the ton. Benzyl benzoate has been found by experi­ of chemical products, their values or amounts, nor upon the ments at Johns HopkillB University to be a fine substitute as value and the amount of the products of the plants now en­ a soporific for morphia without any d111g-habit tendencie . gaged in manufacturing coal-tar products, nor upon anything Cincophen, known under the proprietary name of atophan, is else pertaining to Schedule A. I shall leave this part of the used largely and satisfactorily for rheumaUsm. Barbital­ subject to others, who will do so, doubtlessly, far more specifi­ veronal-is used as a soporific, and possesses especial qualities cally than I can do or desire to do. as such. Luminal, to which a great deal of medical research The particular branch of this discussion, therefore, to which work has been given and which up to this time is looked upon I addre s myself is the one in which, as a physician, I natu­ as the very best remedy, we have for epilepsy. I need not men­ rally have the most interest, namely, the synthetical coal-tar tion the salvarsans, a group of laboratory products so effi­ products which are of use in the practice of medicine. cacious in the treatment and cure of syphilis as to merit the 1921. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-· HOUSE. 349~ encomium of a Divine blessing. Dr. Abel, of Johns Hopkins over our futme. .We shall be blind anu rec.ceant to our duty UniYersity, has made an important addition to this list through unless we make the United States the greatest country in the the discovery of supra renin, which is identical with the active world by reason of its attainments in the knowledge of syn­ principal of the supra renal gl:l.nd, and is of the utmost im· thetical chemistry. portance in bloodless surgery-especially in the surgery or the In conclusion, it must not be forgotten that after the out·. eye, where its use is practically imperative. When it is un· break of the war we found ouselves almost wholly depri-ved derstood that it takes the glands of 30,000 sheep to make a of many useful and imperatively necessary medicines, for the pound of supra renin, one gets a competent idea of the saYing supply of which we depended practically upon, Germany. t value of synthetic chemistry~ A new dental anresthetic of would not like- to put In words the pain and su::tiering. our people coal-tar derivation has just been announced by Dr. Josei>li A. endured during the epidemic ot the '~ flu" by reason of. a lack Kline, of New York City. It is a liquid in form,. and used in in these coal-tar medicines so aimlicabie to the treatment dental and oral surgery with the very happiest effect, especlillly of that terrible scourge, much Iess to say how many who­ in the dental surgery of children. I. will not take the time to actually died by reason of this. lack. .f can say that, in my mention all these synthetical and medical products and de· judgment, haVing liaa an e:x;tensive: exnerien.ce· in that epidemic~ scribe them one by one. Let me say, however, that they em­ the extent of the fatalities were far- g1·eater in number than brace in then· medical qualities remedies for practically ali of is generally Itnown. It is cteariy the lesson of common sensa the demands made for the treatment of diseases. that this great- Nation should be independent, not alone for iron Let me again remind you that we are only beginning. to com­ or steel or ,copper or deadly gases but as well for the things prehend the amazing possibillties for the preservati-on. of hu­ that eoncern the life of all our people, even though for a short man life found in coal tar and its products. It is impassible time s.ome: of our industries su:ffe.r a: hardshi-p until we are to conceive that an intelligent Congress can fail to recognize independent of foreign nations for the entire product of the the relation which tile development of synthetical chemistry coaf-tar industry. [Applause.] bears to the health and happiness of the people in time of M1·. Chairman, I append herewith to my address two classi­ peace, and now its supreme necessity in time of war. There fications of coal-tar medicines. <:>ne is by Heyie,. and for this are few who realize the vast scope of usefulness and employ­ classification I am indebted to Maj. H. S. Kimberly, connected ment these products enjoy. We use them to save the infant's with the Carnegie· Foundation, which, together wi.th the Rocke­ life, and we use them to embalm the dead. In some. way, they feller Institute, is making researches of inestimafile value enter into all employments hardly witJrout exception.. When along the line of synthetical medicinal chemistry. The other the recent war in Europe broke out we were practically de­ is by the Banett Co., of New York City. pendent upon foreign nations, especially Germany, not enly for Heyle ~ves the folldin. Phenoeol and Salocol, for rlienmatic fevers. Anti-pyrine facturer. I assume th.at there can be no question of the value and ca.ffein citrate, known as migra.inin hoechst, is a woridertul head­ of our independence in this in.dustry, an independence which ache cure. can be surely secured by enacting this schedule into law. If B. A..'TIS&PT.rcS. synthetical chemistry produced neither dyes, war gases, fer­ This list is far too long for this report. A_ tew only m·e given. as: examples. Phenol (carbolic acid). Cresols ( 3) ( cresylic acid). Lysol. tilizers, nor any one of the thousand and one things for which Thy:mol, for worms and tapeworms. TrL-chlor-phenol, twenty-fi-ve it is used, from the decoration of tfie lady irr her boudoir to times as strong as phenol. Tri-broni-phenof, forty-sb! times as stto.n <>' the construction of pavements and roadbeds, the faet alone as phenol. Penta-brom-phenol, fi-ve hundred times as strong as phenoL ',I'eta-brom-cresols, most active germicides kill diphtheria. germs. in that it means so much to the life of the people, and will un­ two minutes. Salicylic acid, lowers. temper-ature and diminishes pain doubtedly mean more and more- as time goes by, would make in rheumatism and checks gastric fermentation. Aspirin., acelyl this schedule worthy of the support of every Member oi' this salicylic acid. Salicin. Saliginin. Salol, phenyl salicylate. Partial salols, two types. Gulaceols. Formaldehyde· compounds : Dextroform body. In conclusion, I venture the prophecy that the must with. ~tarcb: and sugar; fonnanint, with sugar· o11 milk; cheek septic exalted panegyqc that shall be uttered over any Member of cond1tion& m the mouth and. throat. ~xa-methyl,-tetramine; largely this House, when hereafter his memory is sought to be eulo­ used under the names hexamme. urotropm, cystogen, and cystamine gized by a reminiscent people, will be found in the words, for la:cyngitls and pharyngitis. Chlotmnine T, or t~lamine, th~ sodium " He voted to establish synthetical chemistry, to inspire the fggtg~~nd of para-toluene-sulfon-chlor amide. Aristol, di-thymol -di- synthetical chemist, and to make the synthetical laboratory c. PURGATIVES AND A.PERIE"TS. one of the great institutions of the land." Derivatives of alpha-methyl-anthra-quinone--chrysophanie acid. It must not be forgotten that no adequate protection can be chrysophan, emodi~-phenol-phthalein, called pergen· and laxin ; acctyf­ giyen the medicinal _part of the chemical schedole, without giv­ valery, called a];leritoL D. LOCAL AN..ESTHE-TI€S_ ing adequate puotection to the whole~ The intermediates as well as the dyes are the sine qua non-the- indispensable pre­ Holocain; stovain ; slypine; orthoform; new orthoform ; an~sthesia.. or subcutln, for hypodermic iniection; cy:cloform.; no>ocaine, one of the liminary products to the manufacture of all of the eoal-tar most valued local a.n.resthetics. medicinal synthetical products. They stand or fall together.. The country can not be independent in its medicinal supplies E. OTHER. fMPORTA.l'iT SY~TIIETIC DRUGS. unless it is independent in the other coal-tar products as well. Adrenalene, called also epinephrine anli suprarenine, first obtained in crystu.lli.ne form from the suprarenal glands o.t oxen by Takamine, The intermediates and the dyes are to coal-tar medicines what now :groduced synthetically, is a wonderful agent tor contracting the the pig iron is to finished steel. blood -vessels, regulating blood pressure, and curing hay (ever, and Our commanding position in the industriaL world, and there­ arresting bleeding. It is known chemically as laevo-methyl-a.mino­ ethanol-catechol. :(ore our power as a Nation, has been due to the protection AROMATIC ARSE"XIC COMI?OU"XDS. thrown around all our industries, especially iron and steel. These recently disco-vered compounds are used. for the treatment of In this day of scientific chemistry we mu:st not fail to recog­ 1 sleeping sickness, syphilis, etc.: Atoxyl,. soamiu, ar a min., arsace'tin or nize the influence which this f01·m of knowledge will exercise aetbyl-atoxyl; Ilectine. 3496 CONGRESSIONAL R.EOOR.D-HOUSE. . JULY 9,

Acriiluvine and its homologues for general septicemia, ulcerations, Salit (borne~! salicylic acid ester), local antirheumatic. suppurated wounds. Salol, intestmal antiseptic antirheumatic. Pyemia. Salol santa! compound, urinary antiseptic. Salvarsan " 606," kharsivan, arsphenamine, for sleeping sickness. ~aloph~n (acetylparami!losalol), antirheumatic. syphilis, anemia. Saloqmnone (salley! qmnine), malarial remedy. Neosalvarsan. Sa,':"a.rsan (hydrochloride of diamimo dihydroxy arsenobenzene) Galyl. syphthtic remedy. ' NAME A 'D USE OF COAL-TAR MEDICINALS, Sanoform (iodozon, di-iodo-salicylic metbl ester) antiseptic dustin"' Acetanilide, analgetic-antipyretic. ~w~~ , ~ Acetyl salicylic acid (aspirin), analgetic-antipyretic. Santa! salicylate, urinary antiseptic. Alumnol (aluminum beta-naphthol sulphonate), antiseptic. Sa_ntol, extra (sanatol preparation containin"' salol) ur1"nar·y tl Alpin (hydrochloride of benzoxy-dimethyl-amino-metbyl-dimethyl septic. ~ ' an - amino butane), local anresthetic. ~antyl (san~alyl salicylate), urinary antiseptic. Ammonium benzoate, internal antiseptic. Soa~in (~odmm para amino P?enylarsenate), syphilitic remedy, Amyl salicylate, local and internal antirheumatic. Sodium cmnamate, tuberculosis remedy. Anasthesine (para-amido-eth:yl-benzoate), local anresthetic. Socl!um luiJ?..inol (sodill:m phenyl ethyl barbiturate), hypnotic. Antinnonin (sodium ortbo dmitro cresylate), fungicide. Sodmm salicylate, antirheumatic. Antipyrine (phenyl-dimethyl pyra.zolone), analgetic-antipyretic. Sodium sulphophenate, antiseptic. Animalgeslne, analgetic-antipyretic. S~irosal (salicylic m_onoglycol ester), local antirheumatic. Antiprine salicylate (phenyl-dimethyl pyrazolone salicylate), an- an~s~b~~;. (benzoyl-dimethyl amino propanol hydrochloride), local algetic-antipyretic. . Antitussin (ointment difiuordiphenyl, vaseline lanoline), remedy for Styracol (guaiacol cinnamate), tuberculosis remedy. whooping cough. ;r'h~ob.romin~ sodium b~zoate, diuretic. Antramel (resorcin, taraxici, ulmre jambol, tannigen, thymol, methyl ~h.lOsianamme. (allyl-thlo .urea), absorption of scar tissues. violet), intestinal remedy. ,:rr~bro~hydro.cmnamin !1-Cid (A~am_son tablets), tuberculosis remedy. Anusol (anusol suppositories, bismuth-iodo resorcin sulphonate), Tn,gemm (dimethl.ramido- antipyrmbutyl chloral) analgetic- anti- hemorrhages. • pyretic. ' Apiol (dimethoxy methylene ether of allyl tetraoxybenzene), men- Xeroform (bismuth tribromphenylate), antiseptic dusting powder. strual troubles. . Zinc sulpho carbolate, intestinal antiseptic. Arhovin (diphenyl and thymol benzoic acid), urinary antiseptic. Asaprol (calcium beta-naphthol sulphonate), antiseptic. DEFI~ITIONS. Aspit·in and caffeine, analgetic-antipyretic. .Analge~c--o-Of, Pel:t~~ing to, o~· tending to cause analgesia. Aspirin and phenacetine, analgetic. Ana~gesia:-Insensibll!tY to or mability to feel pain. Atophan (phenol-quinolin-carboxylic acid), antiarthritic. . .A~tlpyretic-Preventive or alleviative of fever. .Atoxyl (sodium amino phenyl arsenate), syphilitic remedy. Dim·etic-Etficacious in stimuluting the secretion of urine Benzosol (guaiacol benzoate), internal antiseptic. Parasi~cide--Etficacious for destroying parasites. ' Beta-naphthol benzoate, internal antiseptic. Ilypnoti<;-An agent efficacious in producing sleep. Bismuth salicylate, intestinal antiseptic. Antiseptic-Preventing putrefaction, fermentation etc Bismuth subsalicylate, intestinal antiseptic. Anrestbe~c-Pertaining to or producin~ anresthesia. · Cichonidine salicylate, antimalarial. . Anresthes1a-Loss of sensation, especwlly of feelin.,. produced by Colchicine salicylate, · gout remedy. disease or by some drug, as ether. ~· Cycloform (isobutylester of para amido benzoic acid), local an- Fungicide--Anything that lrills fungi or destroys their germ resthetic. . Antiarthritic:--checldng the actio_n or growth of bacteria. · · D'eclat sirup (glycol carbolate), remedy for whoopmg e?ugh. . Local-Meamng external as applied here. Diatussin (difluordiphenyl ·n vaseline and lanolin), _antituberculosis. Diplosol (salicylsalicylic acid) cry~tals, antirh_eum~tic.. . Diuretic (theobromine sodium sallcylates), dmrebc-kidney dlSeases. EJbon tablets ( cinnamoyl para oxyphenylurea), remedy for tuber- lion. CALEB R. LAYT0:\1', NEW YORK, Jttue 28, 1921. culosis. . House of Rep1·esentati-r;es, Washington, D. 0. Enesol (mercUI"y salicylo arsenate), a.ntisy_Philitlc. . .. HONORABLE S;'ll: We attach a writ~ .UP Which will appear in the Epicarin ( oxynaphthyl ortho oxytoluyiC acid), _paras1bcrde. . Drug and Chemical :Markets shortly, g1vmg an outline of our organi­ Epmephrine (dihydroxy phenyl ethyl methylamme), heart strmulant, zation. stops hemorrhages. . Eumictine ( santalol-hexa methylene tetramine and salol), urmary There is ~ tenuency on the part of some of the United States Sen­ antiseptic. . . . ators to b~lleve. that there is. u mon?po_Iy being organized to control Euresol (resorcinol monoacetate), remedy for skin diseases as dand- the dyestuff busmesa in Amer1ca. Th1s iS an impossibility due to the fact t~at there are several t~ousand separate and distinct' products to ruff. . . t• d be denved from co~l tar wh1ch are classified as dyestuffs and coal-tar Europbon (di-isobutyi-cr·esoliodide), local antiseptic dus mg pow er. drugs. Fibroylsin (solution thiosinamine sodium salicylate), absorption of scar tissues. . . There ar~ also sev~ra~ hundred individual manufacturers, our. elves Fructoid laxativ.:! (phenolphthalein sugar coated), laxative. mcl.uded, Wlth.out a~llation with any other corporation, who are using Galyl ( tetr:lOxydiphosphamino-diarseno benzene), antis;y-phililic.. t~e1r own capital Without resort to public funds. It is a free field and Glycosal (monosalicylic acid glycerin ester), local antuheumatic. Simply narrows down to a question of which organization can compound ~nd man~facture the most de irable dyestuffs and coal-tar drugs of the Hectine pills (benzo-sulphone paraamino phenyl arsenate or soda), uest quahty at the lowest price. antisyphilltic. . . . The progress made during the past four years has been creditable Helmitol (hP.xametbylenamine methylene citr~te), ur~nary ant~sept~c. Hexalet (sulphosailcylate of hexamethylenamme), urmary antiseptic. an~ we are far ahead of any o.ther country, except Germany and Holocuin hydrochloride (paradieth oxyethenyl diphenyJ.-amidim hydro· Switzerland, who have orgamzatwns of long standin"" where they chloride), local anresthetic. are. benefited and helped by every educational instituti~n as well as Kryofine (methyloxy-paraacetphenetedine) analgetic-antipyretic. their Governments. Already the American universities technical Lactophenm powder (lactyl phenetidine), analgetic-antipyretic. schools, and trade schools are intensely interested in the' subject ot Luminal (phenylethyl barbituric acid), hypnotic. organic chemistJ:y, ~articularly with reference to dyestuffs and coal­ Magnesium salicylateh intestinal antiseptic. tar drugs, and 1t Will probably be at least five years to the best of Melubrin (sodium p enyldimethyl-pyrazolon amidomothane sulpho- our ability to foresee, before America will have enhanced her po ition nate), analgetic-antipyretic. to such an extent that she will be independent of any other country Mercury benzoate, antisyphilitic. The elaborate preparation necessary to this end can not be ac: complish~ in a ~hort time! and i! the i~petus to research is destroyed Mercury salicylate, antisyphilitic. by allowmg forelgn matertals to come m here at ruinous price!'! not Mesotan (methyl oxymethyl ester of salicylic acid), loc:::l antirheu- only will capital be timid, but the incentive to develop ·wilt be matic. destroyed. l\fethyl saJicvlate, analgesic and antirh-:umutic. At present the returns to the manufacturer are nil for the reason Migrainine (antipyrine caffeine citrate), antipyretic. that all profit deriv•d. from tb~ sale of the produce is put back into Neosulvarsan (sodium diamino dibydroxy arsenobenzene menthanal new plants and operat10ns. This procedure will have to continue until sulphoxalate), antisyphilitic. manufactu~·ing schedules can be maintained, and this is controlled Ninhydrin (triketohydrindenhydrate), testing reagent. almost entirely by the encouragement which we expect to get from our Novaspe:-in, antirhetrmatic. Government in the way of protection from foreign competition. Novatophan tablets (methyl phenyl quinolin carboyxlic-acid ester), We have been in this business for 44 years, part of the time as im­ gout remedy. . . porters and part of the time as manufacturers. Our plant at ·ewark Novocain (pa1·a amino benzoyoyl-dlethylammo ethanol hydrochloride), N. J., was erected in the year 1915. We feel, therefore that we arc local an:esthetic. in a particularly good position to know what will and win not protect Orexin tannicum (tannate of phenyldihydroquinazoline), remedy for this industry. In our opinion the levying of a specific and ad valorem stomach trouble. duty, even if the latter is based on American values, will not alone Novocain supmrenin (para amino benzyol dietbyl amino ethanol suffice to protect the American dyestuff manufactui·er at this stage of hydrochloride suprarenin), local anresthetic. his development. . · Orphol (bismuth beta-naphtholate). intestinal antiseptic. The dyestuff manufacturers in general have appealed for an emlJargo Orthoform (meta amino para methyl oxybenzoate), local anmsthetic. under certain conditions on such dyes as are being successfu!Jv manu­ Pageol ( sanatol bicampho cinnamate and dioxybenzol and the active factured in the United States, with certain provisions for the licensing principles of Fabian:1. imbrirat.:1. and hysterionica baylabuen), urinary of imports of dyes which are not made in this country. Obviously the antiseptic. latter provision is in the interest of the various dye-consuming iuclus­ Paramido salicylic acid, analgetic-antipyretic. tries. It is, however, a ju t and reasonable provision, and there is, in Phenacetin (para acetphenetidin), analgetic-antipyretic. our opinion, no good und valid reason why the United States, Great Phenocoll (aminoacet phenetedin), analgetic-antipyretic. Britain, and France should not, with advantage to our Nation, act in Phenolphthalein, purgative. complete harmony and all adopt the same general principles as applied Probilin pills, remedy for gall stones. to this key industry. Phenosal (ac~tosalicylate of phenetidin}, anal~etic-antipyretic. We are not ilisposed to doubt or question the intent of this Congress Pyramidon (dimethyl amido phenyl drmethyt-pyrazolon), analgetic- 1 1 antipyJ·etic. ~~arrirf~isa~~q~~~e loJ! ~c~~~f~Y,tobut1et~~{a~~~J;·o~ ~g~ ~~~s~:~ Pyramidon salicylate, analgetic-antipyretic. everY. American plant will have to close, leaving another army of over Pyrazolene (phenyl methyl pyrazolone), analgetic-antipyretic. a million people unemployed. Can Congress afford to throw labor out Pyrazolon (phenyl methyl salicylate), analgetic-antipyretic. of employment in America to-day? Pbysostigmme benzoate, eye remedy. Our industry is a highly technical one and sensitive to criticism. Physostigmine salicylate, crystals, eye remedy. The staffs of men employed in this industry are ou edge. They all Quinine salicylate (salochinin), crystals, malaria remedy. work 7 days a week, and are at. our command 24 hours out of each Salicylic acid, antiseptic-antirheumatic. uay. After four or five years of the most intense etrort we find. the 1921. CONGRESSION _A_L RECORD-HOUSE. 3497

I>ersonnel of the American dyestuff manufacturers to be, as a body, I believe you called it, that old feeling, and the boys rallied completely discouraged by the nonaction of Congress. Why .should politics have anything to do with the bnildin~ up am1 around the old flag and decided that the policy of the Demo­ protecting of one of the country's most important and essential indus­ cratic Party would be a free-trade policy, and with that deci­ tries ? The old feuds dating years back which bear no relation to this sion CARL HAYDEN went down to defeat and a gentleman from subject matter, should not be taken im1: o consideration. This is the key industry. We talk about fostering infant industries. New York went on the committee who would sign minority Is it not a fact we must do more than this for the key industry? Why reports against tariff bills, which reports are a disgrace to the will you not help us to build rather than to destroy? best-thinking American l)eople to-day. [Applause on the Re. Your own son, who, perhaps, may be attending college, is interested in the study of organic chemistry. It reflects itself all through our publican side.] educational system. The ramifications and complexities of the sub­ Talk about north of the Ohio and east of the Mississippi t jects are beyond the comprehension of a nontechnical man. Only one of high technical education under stands the danger which confronts us What has happened since we came back last fall; what has by the present attitude of the United States Senate simply because a happened since last election to change your views so mate­ certain few Senators fear a monopoly, which has absolutely nothing rially? Why you started out then and said, "We are going to to do with and has no bearing on the fostering of the industry. We have many men in our company who are capable of bringing help the administration to be constructive and pass good laws, these facts to your attention and who would only be .too glad to come laws that will do a great deal of good." Since then you have before one of your bodies and give an expression of opinion which we adopted a policy of hindering. The papers, the press of this believe might exert you to greater efforts on behalf of this creative industry. · country, do not conceal in any way and make no secret of the This company has $3,000,000 invested, all its own capital. We fact that the party organization of the Democratic Party have haven't borrowed any money and there has been no stock flotation. decided that their policy shall be one of hindering and not of. It would be an easy matter for us to throw our influence in behalf of letting down the tariff bars and importing foreign colors. It wo1.lld helping, of nagging, in an effort t() get the offices back. Now, cause us far less expenditure in the future and would enable us to cut we can not afford to have another world war to. prolong the down our expensive organization, but we are in the game to show that America can do more along synthetic lines than any other country. life of a Democratic tariff for eight years. It costs too much Very truly, yours, money, too many lives, to try out your tariff in that way. JOHN CAMPBELL & Co., Now, I would like to quote- the gentleman from Texas in a GEORGE H. WHALEY, P·resident. speech to which I have not access. I will not attempt it, though, Mr. FORDNEY. 1\lr. Cllairman, I yield 15 minutes to the for fear I might be inaccurate, and there is just one man in the gentleman from Kansas [Mr. TINcHER]. world who could dispute me if I were inaccurate, and I do not Mr. TINCHER. Mr. Chairman, I want to IJe fair in the few want to engage in a personal controversy with that man. How­ moments that I shall talk here. I shall start out by saying that ever, Mr. GARNER did say before the spell was completely broken I do not believe the Underwood tariff law ever had a fair trial. and before the change in the policy of the Democratic Party Had it not been for the interference of the European war, I was fully agreed upon--h-e said upon the floor of this House in think the Underwood tariff law would have successfully closed January, because he said his Democratic friends were abusing the factories of this ~ountry several years ago. him for voting for the tariff, and so in the latter days of Janu­ I do not think anyone familiar with the economic situation ary he did make a speech a little in·explanation of his vote, not of this countTy at the time the war started in Europe will claim of his speech but of his vote, and that speech was a dandy. It that anything save and except this war and our entering into caused 40 men to rise in their p-laces as Democrats and walk the war prolonged the operatiun of the American factories until up and vote for the tariff. It would be a great Republican cam­ this time. I am a protectionist because I believe in the prin-· paign argument if we could get hold of it, because that day he ciple of protection. I believe if the factories in ~fr. BACHA­ forgot free trade, he forgot there were three angles, and took R-ACH's district were open to-day that the produce from my the position that there were but two--one was American and district could be sold to the men who would be laboring in one was un-American, and he took the American angle that day. the factories in l\Ir. BAcHARAcH's district. [Applause on the [Applause on the Republican siEle.] In January, as I say, he Republican side.] We came here last December after election, said: after the people had spoken, and for se\eral days we went I am not a protectionist, neither am I a free trader. However, I along practically all of one accord and one opinion. Christmn.s realize that whenever yon go to the customhouse to collect duties te> came and with it that Christmas spirit, "Peace on earth, good run the Government, that just as you levy tb:at duty through the cus­ tomhouse so do you give the American producer the advantage over will to men," and we passed the tariff law just about that the foreigner. time, I think immediately before or immediately after Christ­ mas, an emergency ta1iff bill, in which was the best schedule Do you want to do that? Is it possible that that is the issue for agricultural products e\er passed by an American Congress. here to-day, that one side wants to give the American producer And yet, as I say, that was before some man named White had the ad\antage over the foreigner and that the other side does not decided that this Congress should engage in politics; that the want to do it? That was when he was voting for a tariff that pollcy of one of the great parties of this Nation should be a he said that. That was in a kind of a quasi apology and justifi­ nagging policy toward the other party.; a!! a at that time we cation for his quarrel with the leadership of the committee were all feeling good and we were fresh from home and our and somewhat of an answer to the distinguished gentleman that constituents, and we determined to do something in some mea'.'l­ ha$ gone back to illinois, Mr. Rainey, who had chastised him ure to correct the deplorable conditions in this country. And, severely for taking the American attitude. ·why, my friends, my friends, I remember that day when I swelled. with pride regardless of the sections of the country that we live in, I hope when I heard my friend GABNER take this floor and persuade every man stands for America. How can any man advocate 40 Democrats on the other side to vote for a protective tariff. going on with a condition that means that the farmers of this I wish that the rules of this House were such that this country country have a market value for their staple products that gives could not be deprived of that magnificent speech, that splendid them a purchasing power of only 67 per cent of those products speech, that should have gone in . the Co. GRESSTONAL REcoRD for a 5-year period immediately before the war? There never on the 27th of last December, that would have contradicted very can come a time when that can be made up to the American successfully and more effectively than any speaker can do to­ farmer, and he can never have a 100 per cent purchasing: power day, the speech made by the distinguished gentleman, who from the sale of his products in America with the factories of represents a new influence in the Democratic Party. I regret America closed. that speech, which all of us remember quite well when GARNER Mr. BLACK. Will the gentleman yield? bravely, nobly took this floor and made his plea for a protec­ Mr. TINCHER. I will gladly yield to the gentleman. tive tariff last December. I can not even procure a typewritten Mr. BLACK. The gentl-eman comes from probably the largest copy from the reporters. There is no way that a Republican wheat State in the Union. Will he tell us how much wheat Member can ever haTe the pleasure to-day of reading that has advanced in price since the passage of the emergency tariff magnificent speech that was made here. Why? Why things bill? have changed since then. They are different to-day. You did Mr. TI.l'{CHER. I will be glad to answer. I beard the gen­ not know just then what position you were going to take and tleman from Texas [Mr. CoNNALLY] make a speech, and in that you caucu~ed. Talk about north of the Ohio and east of the speech advance the same thought. That speech was to the :Mississippi! You caucused and you had in your midst one of effect that, "Vote against tariff because it will not raise the the brightest, one of the keenest minds in America, a Demo­ price of your products." That speech was this: "Vote against cratic Congressman from west of the Mississipp4 CABL HAY­ tariff because it will raise the price of all products.'' And DE. , and I am told that another Democratic Congressman from that speech is the same Democratic tariff speech that I have my neighboring State of Colorado made in that caucus one of been listening to since I was a little boy. I want to say to you the finest speeches ever made .in a Democratic caucus for CARL that the price of wheat has gone down since the passage of that HA):DEN, the only Democrat west of the Mississippi who was a ­ bill. I can not giTe you the number of cents, but it has gone candidate for a position on the Committee on Ways and Means, down. And I say that in my honest judgment it ha.s been re­ a committee that would ha\e more opportunity of framing laws duced to about 35 cents less than it would ba"\":"e been without concerning taxation and the tru·iff than any committee of this that tariff bilL [Applause on the Republican side.] House. But "no. There rose up in your conference, or caucus Mr. BLACK. Will the gentleman permit a further inquiry? 3498 CONGRESSION.AL RECORD-HOUSE·. JULY 9,

lUr. TINCHER. I will be glad to do so. do not propose to have anyone bluff me out against standing up Mr. BLACK. Will he give us the difference in price.of wheat for protection for hides by saying that I am in favor of placing in this country and in Canada? As a matter of fact, is there a tax on the exporting manufacturer. any material difference now in the quotations of the Winnipeg l\Ir. GARRETT of •rennessee. Then the gentleman is trading. market and the American market? Mr. TINCHER. No. I do not have to trade to be for pro­ 1\fr. TINCHER. That depends entirely on whether you take tection. All I had to do was to live through a Democratic tariff the American valuation or not. And right on that subject, I administration. [Applause.] · . wonder how any man can stand before his colleagues to-day, 1\fr. GARNER. 1\fr. Chail·man, I yield to the gentleman from with the condition of our exchange as it is, with an unprece­ Arkansas [Mr. OLDFIELD] such time as he may -desire. dented and unheard-of condition, and advocate that we use The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman from Arkansas is recog­ something other than the American valuation in a tariff bill. I nized, if he desires, for one hour. did not want to interrupt my friend GARNER this morning, Mr. OLDFIELD. Mr. Chairman and gentlemen of the com­ because I knew he did not want to use over half a day, and mittee, I would very much prefer to proceed for a while, at therefore I did not desire to take his time, but there was a time least, without interruption. However, if it is the real desire to when I wanted to ask him if he would not use the American interrupt me I shall not seriously object. valuation what valuation he would advocate using. But he I enjoyed the speech of my friend from Kansas [Mr. made a long speech, conspicuous by the absence of a suggestion TINCHER] very much, indeed, and especially that part of his that any other valuation should be used. speech with reference to the emergency tariff law, one of the There are schedules in this bill that I think need correction. first, if not the first, bill of any magnitude which this Congress There are things in this bill on the free list that must go on placed upon the statute books after the Republican Party the protected list. There are things in this bill on the free list came into power ; and I do not believe there is a single, solitary that I believe, when certain men that are for protection stop person in this Hall, and I do not believe there is a person in the to think and realize that they are keeping them on the free list, entire country to-day, who will say that that law has been of and that they know they are selfish in doing it, will not be any benefit whatsoever to the farmers of the country. We there. I refer to hides. How any good thinking man can told you it would be of no benefit to them. We take the posi­ fight putting hides on the protected list I can not understand. tion-and I shall take that position in this speech to-day-that - [Applause.] Never in the history of this country did the men where any product, whether of the farm or of the mine or the that produce the meat of the country need protection as they factory, produced by us in great quantities for export, it is need it to-day, and the hides of this country, that are used in absolutely impossible for a tariff for protection to do that prod­ this country by the manufacturers, are 40 per cent imported uct any good, or to be of any benefit to that product. I believe I from other countries. can convince any fair-minded gentleman in this House that that 1\Ir. TREADWAY. Will the gentleman yield? is true. 1\Ir. TINCHER. I will be glad to yield, because I think you I was also very much delighted with the speech of our good are one of the gentlemen I want to yield to. friend from Michigan [1\fr. FORDNEY], the chairman of the Com­ 1\fr. TREADWAY. In view of the gentleman's information mittee on Ways ancll\1eans. He is a splendid man. Every mem­ as to the need of a duty on hides, does he go to the extent of ber of the Committee on Ways an.d Means, regardless of politics, a compensatory duty on manufactuTes? loves him. He is a kind man. He treats us all fairly and alike Mr. TINCHER. Absolutely; and I will say the gentleman as members of the committee. I was much interested in his has gone to the extent of a duty on manufactured products, argument in regard to protection, and I was especially inter­ -and that is the reason I am a protectionist. But you can not ested in his illustration of Joseph Chamberlain, who made a go too far with a Westerner. We want a duty on hides. We fight in England for protection, I believe, in 1905, and he gave want to be recognized in this bill, and there is a product the illustration correctly. Mr. Chamberlain made that speech 40 per cent of which is used in the United States, but that is throughout England in that notable fight, and he went down to now imported from countries where labor has no value and defeat, to overwhelming defeat, on the issue of protection, that is not protected along with other products. largely, I believe, because Great Britain at that time and up The balance of this agricultural schedule is not all that I until the European war started was a great creditor nation, think it should be. • and therefore she wanted and needed to trade with the world. l\fr. TREADWAY. I want to interrupt the gentleman in She had become through free trade a great trading and com­ order to congratulate him on his fairness. mercial nation. Mr. TINCHER. And I will say to the gentleman that I The gentleman from Michigan ought to have told the House want, if he votes for a duty on hides, to congratulate him on of the fight made by Sir Robert Peel and Richard Cobden away his fairness. I hope when this tariff bill is passed the message back in the forties, in the last century, for free trade in Eng­ will not go out to the country that some few New Englanders land. He should have told the story of people starving for stood like a rock of Gibraltar for no protection on the raw bread in England on account of the corn laws, which were pro­ products which the farmers have. tective tariff laws on food, if you please. The people of those l\fr. GARRETT of Tennessee. Can the gentleman tell us days-the poor, old and young-were starving throughout Eng­ what duty will be proposed upon hides in order that we may land because of the high protective tariff on food products. They begin looking into the compensatory duty on the manufactured were converted to the ide_a that prohibitive tariffs were not good for Great Britain at that time, and Great Britain has taken products? that position ever since, regardless of the fight made by Joseph 1\fr. TINCHER. I will say to the gentleman that I do not Chamberlain. know. Some of us over here are talking of offering an amend­ ment, as are some of you folks over there. I do not think they But, gentlemen, let us see what the two great parties of this have fully agreed on the amount to be proposed in the amend­ country say on this tariff question. It is a great question. The ment. The compensatory duties on the manufactured products question of taxation is always a great question. It touches the need worry no one. Why? Because we are exporting the pocketbooks of all of the people of the country, and therefore it products of the bides and of the factories in this country, and has always been and always will continue to be one of the great we are importing the raw material. Somebody said if you put questions in this country; not only tariff taxation, but other a duty on bides it will increase the •price of shoes. How can sorts of taxation, if you please, including internal taxation. anyone say that? To-day we have free hides, the cheapest I was also interested in the statement of the gentleman from hides ever in the history of America, and the price of shoes is Michigan [Mr. FoRDNEY] when he read the platform of the Democratic Party in 1892 and in 1912. You will recall that we high. Or at least one year ago this statement would have won the election on both of those platforms. We declared in the been absolutely true, that the price of shoes is higher than platform of 1892 that a protective tariff was robbery of the ever in the history of the country and the price of hides cheaper, many in the interest of the few. We declared for a tariff for and hides on the free list. revenue only in 1908, and again in 1912 we declared for a tariff Mr. GARRETT of Tennessee. Shoes are on the free list in for revenue only. this bill, are they not? The gentleman from Michigan also read into his speech, I am 1\fr. TINCHER Yes; and I doubt if there is a Member pres­ glad to say, the platform of the Republican Party in 1908, which ent or a visitor here in the gallery or a member of any man's declared for a tariff " to equalize the cost of production in this family in this House who believes that a tariff of $10 a pair country and abroad, together with a reasonable profit to the on shoes would raise the price of shoes. manufacturers of this country." You went to the country on Mr. GARRETT of Tennessee. What is the use, then, of the that, gentlemen, and you won- the election. You wrote the compensatory duty? Payne-Aldrich tariff law, and you revised the tariff upward :;.\-Ir. TINCHER. 1\fy reason for saying that I -would vote instead of downward. That law split the Republican Party for a compensatory duty is this: I am a 'protectionist, and I in twain. In fact, it almost destroyed your party. And yet -you 1921. CONGRESSION .._1\._L RECORD-HOUSE. 3499 come here to-day with a tariff bill, with world conditions unset­ town should go to the merchants of the town and say, "Gen­ tled with the economic conditions of the world upside down, and tlemen, I have on my wagon out in the street a load of cotton, you 'want to place a law on the statute books even higher, when wheat, chickens, eggs, or other staple farm products. They are you consider the American valuation scheme, than the Payne- the products of my toil. I brought them here. I want to sell Aldrich Act. . them to you and get the money, so that I may buy something for Now let us see what our platform says in the last campaign, my family-clothes, shoes, hats, and so forth." Then. suppose The Democratic platform of 1920 says: the merchant should say to the farmer, "No, :Mr. Farmer, we do not buy farm products in this town. We have the merchan­ We reaffirm the traditional policy of the Democratic Party in favor of a tariff for revenue only, and we affirm the P?licy of b~si~g a tariff dise to sell you, but we do not buy farm products. Ten miles revision on the intelligent research of a nonpartisan comm1sswn rather from here there is a town where the merchants do buy farm than on the demand of selfish interests temporarily held in abeyance. products. You go over to tlmt town and sell your farm prod­ In other. words, gentlemen, we believe this Government has no ucts to those merchants and then come back here to us and we l'igb,t to tax: its citizens, or a group of its citizens, for the benefit will sell you the merchandise you want." What do you tbJnk of another group of its citizens. the farmer would do, gentlemen? He would buy where he That is the position of the Democratic Party, gentlemen, and could sell, and the peoples of the earth will buy where they can I believe it ought to be the position of the country; and I be­ sell, and they will not buy unless they can sell. [Applause.] lieve that after you have written this law and placed it upon No community, no nation can live unto itself alone and prosper. the statute books it will be the position taken by the people of We must sell to foreigu people·s the products which we can this country. . produce cheaper and better than they can and buy from foreign Let us see what the Republican platform of 1920 says. As a peoples those products that they can produce better and cheaper matter of fact, gentlemen, when you met at Chicago, you had than· we can if we expect to go forward and prosper as a great commercial nation. It seems to me, gentlemen, that nothing in mind what the Payne-Aldrich tariff law had done to you, could ·be plainer than that proposition. Now, you gentlemen and you soft-pedaled on the tariff question, and you know it. understand that principle of. economics. Everybody in this One gentleman, a clothing manufacturer, ·came before the Com­ country understands that. The man on the street unde1·stands mittee on Ways and Means and advocated a low tarifi'. 1\fr. it. These manufacturers who appeared before the 'Vays and FoRDNEY, the chairman of the committee, accused him of be­ Means Committee seeking protective tariffs, seeking to monopo­ in:; a Democrat. He said no, that he was a Republican. He lize this market, understand that rule and that principle of was for a low tarifi' under present conditions, and made a economics very well, but they are so greedy and selfish that splendid statement. 1\fr. FoRDNEY accused him of being a they would absolutely prevent all foreign competition and keep Democrat. He said, ' No; I am a Republican; but I do not out all products and thereby lose all rev·enue. There can be no agree with any Republican tarift' policy like the Payne-Aldrich question about that. · Why, gentlemen, I heard these men testify, tariff law, and after reading your platform adopted at Chicago, and, in the language of Sancho Panza, they were testifying for I thought you were going to be sensible about the tarift' in the the long green. [Laughter.] They wanted to get the coin out future. I thought you would remember the experience you had of the consumers of America. The proof showed that they had under the Payne tariff law, and that you were going to stop, been getting the coin unjustly, getting without earning what look, and listen before writing another one like it. Therefore other !)eople had earned without getting. The hearings on this I voted for 1\fr. Harding in the last campaign." But before bill are full of that. But some leaders of the Republican Party be left the witness stand he said he never expected in the fu­ do not seem to understand that. It seems that the people of ture to belieYe anything that he saw in a Republican plat­ the country can understand this question much better and form. [Laughter.] I say to you that you gentlemen soft­ much easier than the leaders of the Republican Party. The pedaled on the . tarift' question in 1920. You did not know protected manufacturers of this country have forced the Repub­ where you were on the tariff question. Here is what the Re­ lican Party in the past, when we were a debtor nation, to permit publican platform of 1920 says: them to plunder the people, and they can see no reason now The uncertain and unsettled condition of internationai balances, why the graft should not be continued. [Applause.] the abnormal economic and trade situ.ation of the world, and the im­ possibility of forecasting accurately even the near future, preclude the There are some leaders on the floor among the Republican formulation of a definite program to meet conditions a year hence. Party who say that they want to keep the home market for home But the Republican Party reaffirms its belief in the protective prin­ producers. That means that they want, at all hazards, the ciple and pledges itself to a revision of the tariff as soon as condi­ home market for the home manufacturers of the country. Some tions shall make it necessary for the preservation of the home market for American labor agriculture, and industry. go so far as to say that if it becomes necessary you are willing to cancel all the debts owed us by European countries in order You did not say anything about a revision upward. Neither to protect and preserve the home markets for the borne manu­ did you say anything in 1908 about a revision upward, but you facturers. I am not surprised at the Republican leaders saying are going to give a revision upward now just as you did then. that. I think that is what you expect to do. I am not surprised, You pledged yourselves to a revision of the tariff "as soon as because that is a No. 1 Republican doctrine. Why? Because conditions shall make it necessary for the preservation of the the $10,000,000,000 that we loaned our allies belonged to all of home market for American labor, agricultm·e, and industry." the people because it was collected by taxes. We loaned it to That is the position you took at Chicago in 1920. But what the Allies to help win the war. Now, if you can give all that does the first part of that plank mean, if it means anything? money away and permit the manufacturers of America to It means that you knew of the uncertai_n and unsettled condi­ profiteer to the extent of additional billions, that is good Re­ tions of international balances. You gentlemen at Chicago publican doctrine. That is what you Republicans intend to do, knew that the world was upside down. You knew that con­ but you give only one of the reasons. A great many manufac­ ditions were such that it was absolutely impossible to get any tm·ers of this country to-day want this debt canceled, but they definite, real information with regard to the difference of the do not want the products of Europe to come here, because they cost of production at home and abroad, and you wrote your say they can not compete with the foreigner. I deny it and de­ bill without that information. I say that is an improper way mand proof. There is no proof in the hearings that they can to write it, and I believe I can prove it to you before I get not compete with the foreigner. They may not be able to com­ through here. pete in toys or something of that kind, but they can compete on You knew also of the abnormal economic and trade situa­ the necessaries of life--food, clothing, shoes-and on steel prod­ tion of the world. You knew then that our allies owed us ucts and cement, and many other necessary articles. But you $10,000,000,000. You knew that the peopl~ .of foreign countries give only one of the reasons why you are going to cancel the owed our people in this country an additional $5,000,000,000, debt~ I will give you another. Here is the additional reason. and you knew, as everybody knows, that it is absolutely im­ It will be compelling on the leaders of the Republican Party possible for the Governments of Europe to pay to this Gov­ when the time comes. Th~ time is not ripe now. Here is the ernment $10,000,000,000 in gold, because there is not enough reason: The great investment bankers of the country are put­ gold in the world outside of this country to pay the interest ting their money into reconstruction bonds of Europe by mil­ on that sum. Therefore it must be paid in commodities, if the lions and by billions. You can hardly pick up a newspaper, debt is ever to be paid. The same is true with regard to indi­ especially a New York newspaper, without seeing that the viduals. I believe everybody in this House knows that. You bankers ·have purchased a hundred million bonds here or a huu­ certainly do not expect Canada, for example, our next-door dred million bonds there, and they are buying these bonds at neighbor and one of our best customers, to buy from us unless dirt-cheap prices. A lot of them yield usurious rates of inter­ she can sell to us. You certainly do not expect that Japan, est: Now, when they have bought all the bonds they want, France, England, and Germany will bring their ships to our when they have gotten through buying them, what will happen? ports empty in order to pay in gold for our food products, for It will be impossible for the bonds to go to par until : hose our manufactured· products, and for our raw materials. It is governments pay this Government what they owe us. It is im­ unthinkable, gentlemen. Suppose a farmer in my town or your possible for the bonds to go to par until that happens. When 3500 CONGRESSIOX .AL RECORD-HOUSE. JULY 9,

they have gotten through buying the reconstruction bonds you ing the time that I made my crops. I have two ab olutely will wake up &orne morning to see the greatest wa1e of propa~ staple products on my wagon, cotton and wheat." In the ganda that you e\er saw in this country for remitting the debts wheat section you can always get a price for wheat and in the that Europe owes us. You will find a great many Republican cotton section you can always get a price for cotton, although leaders giving this reason and that reason why these debts sometimes it is very low, as. it is at present. Suppose this should be canceled. You will see the newspapers controlled by farmer should say to the merchant, ~' I want to pay you as the great interests of the country giving reasons why these for­ much as I can on my account, but I have no gold and no cash eign debts should be canceled, and why the hard-earned money in the bank. Go out and take this wheat and cotton and apply of tbe people of this country should be given away. it on the account." What do you suppose the merchant would And when you get through, if you win the next election-you do? He would take the staple products at the market price will say nothir.g about it, of course, in the platform and it will and give him credit on the account. Yet that is what you do not be discussed in the campaign, but after the election you not want to do in regard to this great foreign debt. will put affida\it expressions on your faces and say the people Mr. Chairman, I have had some experience in attending these elected us ; hence they want the debt canceled. Of course you hearings before the Committee on Ways and 1\Ieans, and I want will say nothing about it in the campaign, just as you said noth­ to say that if I had my way about it I would swear every ing about the tariff in the last campaign, and yet the gentleman witness who goes on the stand. The witnesses keep back all from Kansas [Mr. TINCHER] says that the people commissioned that they can. They say the things that they think will show you to write this kind of a tariff bill. Yet the tariff bill that the necessity for a high tariff rate. They ought to be placed you wrote in 1908 had lower duties than this bill, taking into on their oath, and that is not alL We ought to have a law consideration the American valuation, and yet after that tariff on the statute books that when they do not tell the truth they bill was passed the people almost destroyed your party; hence should .be put in jail. Of course that would be an incon­ you will cancel the debt and these reconstruction bonds bought venience for some of yon gentlemen, because no doubt a great now will go to par overnight and the great investment bankers many of your campaign contributors would get in jail. l\11·. will pocket additional billions of profits. Payne at one time swore some witnesses over there. We ought Mr. KING. Has the gentleman read Col. House's new book to have a law swearing them in these bearings all of the time. in which he says the only way the bonds could be collected is These propagandists who go up and down the country are a by force? menace to the safety of the country. Down in my section of l\fr. OLDFIELD. I do not care anything about what Col. the country some fellow was going through saying that the House said. If he said that it is probably a starter for the Chinese and the Japanese were taking the American market propaganda, but he never will convince me. If there ever was for eggs by importing eggs from those countries. That is a a party on this earth that has absolutelsr been controlled by very silly proposition, and yet the people did not know whether special interests, by the manufacturers, by the Aluminum Trust, the man was telling the truth or not. No doubt he put an affi­ by the Woolen Trust, by the Steel Trust, and the great invest­ davit expression on his face and told it loud and long. I did not ment bankers, it has been the Republican Party. [Applause on know myself whether he was telling the truth. Democratic sid~.] • Therefore, I looked the matter up. Of course, all of this l\fr. KING. Was not the Democratic Party controlled for propaganda happens when you are having hearings on a tariff eight years by the international bankers, headed by Barney bill. One newspaper reported that a million dozen eggs had Baruch, with a close connection between the Shoreham and the been shipped from Hongkong, China, while we were having the White House? hearings, shipped to Chicago, and that not a single, solitary egg Mr. OLDFIELD. No. James 1\f. Beck, of your Department was broken, and that was what was breaking the egg market of Justice has started a propaganda on the part of the adminis~ ln America. I looked up the facts, and I found that 3,200,000 tration. dozen e~os had been imported into the country during the last Mr. GREENE of Vermont. Col. House was not a part of the 11 months, and that 23,000,000 dozen had been exported during Democratic administration; he belonged in the kitchen. the same· time. Yet you want a tariff on eggs to protect tl1e [Laughter.] egg producers of this country. Mr. OLDFIELD.· It makes no difference about Col. House Mr. HARDY of Texas. They said that hundreds of carloads or anybody else. This side of the House is not going to be were being sent to Dallas, Tex. willing to cancel the debt. Mr. OLDFIELD. Certainly. Mr. Chairman, if the 2,000,000 1\fr. GREENE of Vermont. I am glad they have come to their lads who went to France in 1917 and 1918 had been as big senses after eight years. cowards as the manufacturers of America are we never would Mr. OLDFIELD. Oh, we have had some good times in have won the war. [Applause on the Democratic side.] It America under the Wilson administration with more villifying would have been absolutely impossible, because they came be~ criticism and more mean, dirty, slimy abuse from the Republican fore our committee and told us that they. could not compete Party than has ever occurred at any other time in the history with Japan on this article or that article, but chiefly it was ~in\ of this country. Germany that they could not compete. They said they coul() Mr. GREENE of Vermont. The gentleman is not being per~ not compete with Germany on this article and that article, and sonal, iS he'? that therefore they must have protection. As Mr. GABNER said, 1\Ir. OLDFIELD. No. they wanted from 200 to 800 per cent advance in the rates. 1\Ir. BLANTON. Will the gentleman yield? They said it was absolutely necessary in order that they might Mr. OLDFIELD. Yes. live. They said that they. were being swamped at that time Mr. BLANTON. I want to ask the gentleman from Illinois with these foreign products, and it looked as though they were [Mr. KING] if he is in favor of canceling the debt that t11e telling the truth. You can not tell whether they are telling tlte European countries owe us? truth or not; they look very serious. Wben they said they were 1\.fr. KING. I am not. being swamped, of course the Republicans all believed them. 1\Ir. BLANTON. Then why is the gentleman quoting Col. I was a bit suspicious. That was back in January, and I now House? find, and everybody in this House knows, that imports hu.ve 1\Ir. KING. I am quoting Col. House to assist the gentleman. fallen off in the last six months almost half. However, right I agree with the-gentleman that Col. House is a propagandist, then they said they were being swamped, and they were expect­ and nothing but a propagandist. ing a terrible calamity. if they did not get this high tariff wall Mr. GREENE of Vermont. And always has bee-n. in the next two or three months. The imports are falling off, Mr. KING. Yes. and so are the exports, but the imports are falling off more 1\fr. OLDFIELD. You say you do not want these debts paid than the exports. Yet they said they were being swamped by in goods, for tha.t is the effect of this legislation, you do not these foreign products. Mr. Chairman, they ought to be sworn want them paid in commodities. It is impossible to pay them and put in jail if they do not tell the- truth-but why add, otherwise and will continue to be impossible and ought to be " tell the truth "? They do not seem to want to tell the truth impossible for the reason that we do not want them paid in about it. Suppose a man should go to a merchant and say to gold. It would upset the world if all of that debt were paid him, " I want to buy a suit of clothes." The merchant would in gold at one time. We want it paid in commodities if the world say to him that be bad the suit of clothes, and the man wo-uld is to prosper and we are to prosper. ask how much is it worth, and suppose the merchant would Mr. HARDY of Texas. The gentleman says we want it paid reply. $25, but would add that a merchant on the other side of in commodities. That is the way we paid our debts when ·we the street could sell him the same suit for $15, but the cus­ were debtors. tomer ought to pay the $25 because he, the merchant, paid more 1\Ir. OLDFIELD. Certainly. Suppose a farmer should go bouse rent and paid his clerk higher wages than the man across to a merchant in the gentleman's town with wheat and cotton the street. What do you think the customer would do? Of pn Ws wagon nnd say to the merchant, "YQU supplied me dnr- course, if he was a Republican I presume he would pay the $25._ 1921. CONGRESSIONAL RECOR.D-HOUSE. 3501

but I imagine that the crdinary. fellow would say, "No; I will 1\Ir. Wood an

When the~ e manufachu·ers and Republican members of the l 1\!r. BANKHEAD. Tbe gentlenmn is di ·cu ing the effect of Ways and Means Committee get so drunk on these tariff rates, the p:roposed tariff bill on the cost of lidng. There is a great it is impossible for them not only to say laboring men but they demand for the reduction of wages becau e of the fact, so can not even write the words "laboring men." That is a part alleged, that the cost of Uving is redu<:ed to such an extent,: of the trouble in writing a tariff law. Now, let us see. . and the Labor Board issued an order recently reducing th!i But gentlemen on the Republican side say you want protec- wages of the railroad men about 12 per cent. Does the gentle~ tion in order to p.ay highe:r wages to the laboring J11an. You man think the .effect of this bill, if put j.nto operation, wtmld · say laborers get higher wages in this country than they do in have the tendency to increase the cost of the necessities of life England and that we ha-\e a protective tariff in this country to the extent of 12 pet· cent to these laboring men? ' and they have free trade in England; hence protec1ion is the l\Ir. OLDFIELD. I am glad the gentleman asked the ques· cause of high wages in this country. That seems to be a con- tion. The gentleman from Michigan [Mr. FoRDNEY) tried to \incing argument to a Republican leader who wants to help convince the House yesterday that these tariff taxes do not the manufacturers of this country plunder the American con- increase pt·ices. Gentlemen, 1f they did not increase prices, sumers. But let us go a little further into the investigation of or if these manufactm·ers did not think they increased prices, this question. The manufacturers of Engl.and pay higher they would not be hanging around the Ways and Means Com­ wage to their laborers than they do in France, and France is mittee for six or eight months at great expense. They would a protective-tariff country. If a protective tariff causes high not put up $8,000,000 or $10.0001000 electing a Republican Presi­ wages for labor~ why do not the French manufacturers pay dent and a Republican Congress if they did not think the tariff higher wages than they do in free-trade England? English would increase the prices of their products to the consumers laborers get better wages than they do in Germany. They of tbe country. did before the war and they do now, yet Germany is a pro- l\fr. MORGAN. Will the gentleman yield? tective-tariff counti·y and England is a free-trade country. If l\1r. OLDFIELD. Yes; I yield. a protective tariff is the cause of high wages, why does it not Mr. MORGAN. When you :nowledge, they are paying mills, and yet he i not asking tariff protection in order to pay abroad ~nly one-eighth of the labormg cost that we are paying labor a fair wage. Carpenters get higher wages than the in America. laborers in the woolen, cotton, and steel mills, yet they are n.ot Mr. OLDFIELD. I am coming to that in a moment. protected. A carpenter will get twice as much per day as the Mr. 1\IORGAN. Ur. ClJairmau, will the gentleman yield woolen-mill workers in the- same town, yet there is no protec- there for a moment? tive tariff to protect him. The brick mason gets higher wages Mr. OLDFIELD. Yes. tb.nn the w(}rkers in the woolen mills, the cotton mills, or the Mr. MURPHY. Did the gentleman vote for the immigration steel mills, and yet there is no protective tariff to protect the restriction bill the other day? brick mason. The painter, the man who paints houses, gets a Mr. OLDFIEL~. No; ~ voted ag~inst it. That is, I voted bigller wage than the wage earners in these protected indus- the otller day agamst the b1ll brought m here by you Republicans trie ·, ret there is no protectiYe tariff to protect the painter to suspend the immigration taws and relieve several thousand against foreign competition. The plumber gets a higher wage immigrants who had entered our· port at New York in violation in the same cities wbere these protected iudustries are located of law. than the wage earners in the protected industries, yet they are 1\fr. MURPHY. You were voting then for the laboring man, not protected by a protective tariff. Ah, gentlemen, you are were you? going to have to get up a. bette1· argument for a protective 1\etioo, we exported' $998,000,000 worth; nearly a billion dollars n•,.ainst us? wortll in the last 11 m<"rntlls. Yet you put a duty on steel, on Mr. OLDFIELD. I want to see the statistics. I have heaJ.ti various kinds of steel, structural steel and other kinds. .And many statements from many sources during the last six months, just to show you how ridiculous you make yom· elves on this and almost invariably after I had looked it up I found that proposition, let me read you something. I had it here-, but I those who made them either did not know what they were can not put my hand on it. At any rate, gentlemen, I , mv a talking about or they were trying to mislead somebody. statement just a da'y or two ago as to steel railway axle . I 1\Ir. FOSTER. l\1r. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? find that there are no imports of steel railway axles into this :;\lr. OLDFIELD. Yes . . country, and yet you put on railway steel axles a duty of SIX­ :\I.Ir. FOSTER. I would like to submit to the gentleman some tenths of 1 cent a pound. Just a few days ago, about the time statistics from the coal mines of Ohio. this bill was reported, Great Brituin tried to sell to the raiL­ ~fr. OLDFIELD. The gentleman can put them in the RE(;ORD. roads in India some railway axles, and the .A.. mericau ma:nufac­ Now, gentlemen, in the emergency tariff law you put a duty turers underbid England 30 per cent on a great order for rail­ on cottonseed oil, notwithstanding the fact that we ex.'l)Ol~ted way axles, and India could not buy them from the mother in the last 11 months 269,000,000 pounds of cottonseed oil and country becau e the manufacturers in Great Britain. could not imported only 1,269,000 pounds. In other words, you are trying sen them as cheapfy as our manufacturer~. Yet y u put a to fool the farmers of America. You have done it all through duty of.six-tenths of 1 cent a pound on steel axles. Whom do this 'Dill. Of wheat in the last 11 months we imported 50,000,000 you benefit there except the Steel Trust? You tighten their bushels. In the same time we exported 268,000,000 bushels. monopoly on that product. Yet you are trying to make the farmers of the country belie\e Now, what else is there in this bill? Take cotton manufac­ that they 'vi1.l be benefited by your tariff rate on wheat. tures. You simply try to line them up for this wool schedule ; you 1\fr. GREEN of Iowa. 1\Ir. Chairman, will the gentleman try to line them up for the cotton schedule ; you try to line yield? them up for the iron and steel schedule ; and try to line tbem Mr. OLDFIELD. Yes. up in behalf of the Aluminum Trust. ;:: am sorry you ha\e l\fr. GREEN of Iowa. Before the gentleman leaves that sub­ been able to get away with it to some extent heretofore, but, as ject o:f axles, does the gentleman remember what the rate was I said before, I believe the farmers have been disillusioned by in the Underwood bill? the emergency tariff law. l\1r. OLDFIELD. I do not know as to that. But it does not l\1r. GREEN of Iowa. :Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman make any difference. It might have been that 10 or 12. years yield? ago, they could compete- in our market, but now the-y call not, ::\lr. OLDFIELD. Yes. because the records show it. l\Ir. GREEN o:f Iowa. When does my friend think the :\~Ir. GREEN of Iovra. They haYe been able to since the emergency tariff act went into effect? Underwood b..ill was put into· effeet. )fr. OLDFIELD. It went into effect on the 28th of May. l\lr. OLDFIELD. I am talking about thi.s bill. Do you t!1ink Mr. GREEN of Iowa. And the figures the gentleman uses it i fair if they can now? You ought to amend this bill and co>er a period before the emergency tariff law had gone into put them on the free list. If that is true, you can find out in ffect at all. 24 hours ancl ean velify that statement; and if we in this coun­ :l\lr. OLDFIELD. It has been in effect a month and a half, try ca:n manufacture axles for railroad cars and ship them to and every farm product included in the bill has- gone down . India and underbid Great Britain, the mother counn·y, by 30 every day since that time. per C('nt, you might as well put them on the free list, beeunse Now take the case of corn. We imported in the last llmonths there are none imported here, and yon might gh·e the railror..d 5,000,00:0 bushels of corn and exported 20,000,000 bushels, in­ companies of this country the benefit o:f any competmon thut cluding exports to Canada. You want to shut out imports from might come in. You must remember tha.t when the railroads Canada. Then take rice. They went all through the States of the country are compelled to pay monopoly prices for ma­ of Louisiana and Arkansas and neighboring States and told terials, it has to be paid for by the peor>le who ride on the trains the rice farmers that what they needed was a protective tariff and ship their products by raiL [Applan e.] on rice, and they made some of the ·people down there believe 1\Ir. FOSTER. Will the gentleman yield? it, and they actually made some Members of Congress believe 1\Ir. OLDFIELD. Yes. it. We imported 86,000,000 pounds of rice in the last 11 1\Ir. l1'0S'TER. Before the gerrtlemarr l~a>es tbat, has lle any months, and during the same time we exported 367,000,000 figures as to the wages of employees in the steel industry as pounds. An attempt has been made to make the rice "farmers cornpru·ed with those in the woolen and cotton industries? believe that what they need is protection for tbelr rice. 1\Ir. OLDFIELD. No; I have not. What rice farmers, and farmers generally, need is a market 1\.fr. FOSTER. That would be fair in determining "·hat be­ for their surplus products. You place a duty on meat products, came of it. yet out of every 100 pound of beef and pork p:roducts con­ 1\Ir. OLDFIELD. I do not kn-ow what they getr and I do not sumed in the United States, the home producer and chiefly the know what they get abroad. packers furnish 991 pounds, while all the nations of the world l\Ir. FOSTER. I am talking abo-qt what they g.et her~e as com­ furnish one-half of a pound out of every 100 pounds consumed pared with cotton and wool. here. \Ve export 400 times more of these products than we l\1r. OLDFIELD. I do not know. Probably they get more. import, yet you place a duty on beef, vea:l, and so fmth, for the At any rate, if they do get higher wage in the steel inrlustry, benefit o:f the Beef Trust. and if they can still export their product to the extent of a In 1920 the production of beef and veal in this country was billion dollars worth of it and ship it throughout the world in 9,000,000,000 pounds, yet yon have the nerve to tell tl1e farmers competition with the world, then why put on protection nnd of this cqnntry that you are goin-g to benefit them by placing a strengthen and tighten the monopoly of the Steel Trust in this duty on these products and this is true of nearly all the farm country? products produced in this country. What else? Take the cotton manufacturing ~chedule. Our :Mr. MORGAN. 1\Ir. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? imports of manufac;tured cotton goods in the last 11 rnontl1s l\Ir. OLDFIELD. Yes. ''ere $92,631,000. That may sound big. It may smm{l Jike Mr. MORGAN. Have you the statistics of the number of they ought to have protection, but let me tell you the rest of pounds of wool and o:f beef and of mutton and hides that have the story. How much did we export and sell abroad' in corn­ come in since a year ago last April under the Underwood free­ petition with those people who exported to this cormtry? A.s trade law? I have already stated, we imported in 11 months Iast year Mr. OLDFIELD. The gentleman can put that in the $92,631,449 worth of cotton rna:nufacturel:f, but in the same 11 REC

-~· ... 3504. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. JULY 9,

product, selling collars all over the country at the same fixed and does not fee] it. We had a man before the committee who retail price, fixing the price at which the retailer should sell to made the best argument on that proposition that can be made the consumer. The proof showed that the domestic production and I want to read it to you. This man, Mr. Born, was one of of collars in this country was $35,000,000, while the importa­ the most honest protectionists that appeared before the com­ tions of collars were only $41,000. Yet you have put protection mittee. Here is what he said: on co1lars in the bill. The CHAIRMAN. Fish or no fish brother, we need the revenue. 1\ir. GREEN of Iowa. 'Ve have put a lower rate than was Mr.. BoRN. And on maclrerel $2 added to a barrel would not make ever put on before. / t~Yw~:~r 0egcce~!n~~~ consumer would never know the difference, so far as 1\Ir. OLDFIELD. They are not entitled to any. \Vhy should Mr. HAWLEY. Who would pay it? they have any rate when there is an importation of only $41,000 l\Ir. GARNER. The dealers would pay it as compared with a production of $35,000,000? If there is no Mr. OJ,DFIELD. You mean the manufact~rers would pay it? competition at home, why should not the foreigner come in with Mr. TREADWAY. Your argument is tbat the rate would be practically so low per pound that it would be absorbed before it reached the his competition and let the consumer have the benefit of it? consumer? l\lr. l\IURPHY. The gentleman would let the foreigner come Mr. BORN. The consumer would not know it. in and let the American W'Ork:men be idle. Mr. HULL. It would be just like the sale tax. ot· the turnover tax. Mr. OLDFIELD. They would pay it and not feel it. 1\fr. OLDFIELD. There are going to be more of them idle Mr. BORN. They probably would not. when you pass this bilL fo:!f? RAINEY. You would just submit them to a ta·eatment of chloro- 1\fr. l\fURPHY. There are 4,000,000 men idle now under the Underwood tariff. Mr. BOR N. Well, it would not be like the income tax. 1\ir. OLDFIELD. There will be 8,000,000 or 10,000,000 idle He wanted to spread it along so thinly, just as my friend when you get this bill on the statute books. Now, what about from Iowa [l\Ir. GREEN] says about aluminum, that the con­ aluminum? That is a trust owned by the Mellon interests, the sumer would not feel it. In other words, if you can pick the Secretary of the Treasury. The Aluminum Trust is a real trust, pockets of the poor without their knowing it and put it into It started out in1888 with a capitalization of $20,000 and is now the pockets of the .Aluminum Trust and the fish merchant that worth $20,000,000, and last year, in 1920, it paid 12 per cent on is all right from the Republican standpoint. [Laughtet: and that $20,000,000 capital. Yet you increase- the tariff rates on applause on the Democratic side.] aluminum in this bill from 2 cents a pound to 5 cents a pound. Is there anybody in the House who thinks that is a sound l\fr. MURPHY. Under the administration of the gentleman's argument, to spread the tariff so thinly that the people do not party it was a C'rime to be a successful business man. feel it and yet say they ought to pay it? Nobody would aO'ree 1\lr. OLDFIELD. I do not yield to the gentleman any further. to that, but the Republican members of the Ways and :M:ans No~r, gentlemen, in the interest of the American people I do Committee not only gave $2 a barrel on mackerel, but they uave not understand why that increased duty is necessary. Here is a it $5 a barrel in this bill. The same is true of the sugar pegple. monopoly. Of course, it is owned and controlled by the in­ Why, 1\.Ir. Chaffe, from Louisiana, came here before the com­ terests of one of your chief Cabinet officers, the Secretary of the mittee and s~id that they wanted 3 cents a pound on sugar, and Treasury. But that is no reason why the consumers of alumi­ figured that It would put $180,000,000 in the Treasury. I said num products should contribute their hard~ e arned money to this "It. i~ ~11 right to put that money in the Treasury, but it is you{. monopoly. posttlon, and do you state before this committee that the pro­ The Aluminum Trust sent a man named Davis, who repre­ ducers of sugar cane in Louisiana and the growers of beets in sented the concern and who wanted a higher duty than in the Michigan would get another $180,000,000 and put it in their present law. How can you expect the people to buy kitchen pockets?" Be said, "Yes; that i'S tlle way we figure it." Now utensils and other products made of aluminum if you increase I do not think that is fair to all the consumers of America t~ the prices of these products? This is a monopoly, and they · allow the sugar growers in Louisiana and the beet-sugar charge now all that the traffic can bear. Of course they may growers in the Northern States to put $180,000,000 in their not be making as much money as they did during the war. pockets at the expense of all the rest of the people. [Applause A young fellow in the Treasury Department told me-l will on the Democratic side.] not give his name, for he might get fired-that these fellows Now, the cotton manufacturers and woolen manufacturers who come down to see about the excess-profits taxes say they said they '"ere not making any money. I am going to put a are in an awful fix:, that they ha\e made no money, and when statement in the RECORD from a paper showing that they made you come to simmer it down if they llave not made as much more in 1920 than they did in any prewar year. They said dur­ as 100 per cent they think that they are going broke. That ing the hearings they were not making any money that their is the trouble with these fellows who during the war made mills "\\ere closed down, and had been for six months. Now I 300 or 400 per cent. Before the war the corporations of the want to read this article from a newspaper of June 29: ' country made annually three or four billions in ,profits, and COTTO. MILL DIVIDEXDS-OWNERS DECLARE DEPRESSION PERIOD PASSED in 1919 they got nearly ten billions in profit, and if they can AND ARE OPTIMISTIC. not t·un along in that profiteering way they think that they SPARTANBURG, S. C., June 29 . are being ruined. Now, the Aluminum Trust is not so bad off Eight~n. cotton mills .in Spartanburg County to-morrow pay semi­ annual d1v1dends amountrng to $557,130. Pacolet leads with a 3~ per as the farmers; the farmers have lost $10 for every dollar that cent dividend on $2.000,000 common stock and 3~ per cent dividend on the Aluminum Trust has lost, and yet you want the farmers to $2,000,000 preferred, a total of $140,000. Clifton anrl Spartan mills contribute to the loss of the Aluminum Trust, the Steel Trust, come next, each paying 4. per cent en $2,000,000 capital stock. The highest dividends are paid by Arcadia, Beaumont, and Woodruff mills, and other trusts of this country. ~!~~- paying a 5 per cent semiannual dividend. None fall below 3 per The CHAIRl\1AN ( l\1r. MANN of Illinois). The Chair will Local mill men say the period or depression is passing, and they are adYise the gentleman that he has used one hour. optimistic over the outlook. Wage adjustments have l.leen made, and l\Ir. OLDFIELD. I would like 30 minutes more. the mills are recovering orders for goods in sufficient volume to insure Mr. WINGO. I think the present occupant of the chair was steady operations for months to come. not in the chair when the gentleman from Texas [Mr. GABNER] You will notice, gentlemen, that whenever they increase wages yielded to the gentleman from Arkansas such time as be might they speak of it in big headlines as a wage increase, but when desire. they dect·ease them they speak of it as a wage adjustment. l\lr. OLDll'lELD. I will take 30 minutes more. [Laughter.] And you want the farmers of America and the Mr. BLANTON. Will the gentleman yield? four or five million laboring men who are out of work in this Mr. OLDFIELD. Yes. . country, who have no money with which to feed and clothe their 1\fr. BLANTON. What is the use of arguing the question families and educate their children, to pay the increased prices any further when an orthodox Republican like- the gentleman on cotton manufactured goods that the mills in South Carolina from Wisconsin [l\Ir: lfREAR], in his report, says that this bill and the East generally may make huge profits. contains provisions fundamentally indefensible? Let us now take the woolen proposition. I do not suppose any Mr. OLDFIELD. I do not think there is much use of ar- l\fassachusetts man will deny that the Boston News Bureau is guing it myself. · a reputable financial newspaper. Here is a statement tbat it l\lr. GREEN of Iowa. Has my friend from Arkansas, who makes from which I desire to quote: declaims so earnestly about the purchaser of kitchen utensils, Boston.-Despite all rumors and reports of shol't-time operations at figured out how much of an increase the tariff would amount the plants of the American Woolen Co., the fact of the matter is that to on a kitchen utensil that weighed about half a pound? the company is opernting its entire system at virtually as high a l\lr. OLDFIELD. Oh, gentlemen, I have an answer to that c.apacity as it has ever obtained. .which is a corker. [Laughter.] I want to read you the tes­ The American Woolen Co. is a trust. Yet despi~a that state­ timony at the hearings of a fish merchant who makes that same ment which I ha\e just read, they came before our committel sort of argument. The position is that they spread the tariff and tole~ us th&t they were going broke just as fast as possible, so thinly that the consume1· doesn't know anything about it that they did not have an;rl' ody at work, that they \Yere hiring 1921. OONGRESSlON AL -" RECOR. D-~ HOUSE. 3505

men to guard their plants, as they were compelleil to shut they must have fertilizer, as they must in the South and East, down. Let me quote further from this same newspape-r: if they are to grow good cotton, cabbage , peaches, apples,. and The heavyweight goods season was opened late and proved such a other crops. pronounced success on overcoatings, suitiugs, women's wear, and all In. my country, we do not use much fertilizer, neither do theY, lines that production facilities have been taxed to get the g!Jods ~o the trade in time to be made up for the cold weather. The mills Will in Kansas, but they do in this southeastern section of the coun­ be busy with this work for some weeks yet. try, where the farmers must have it if they make a living. l\Ir. Chair:~p.an, the manufacturers are in much better position Now, after talking about the lakes, and so forth, then he said: tllan the farmers. ·whenever they have a hard time of it, they . The green sands of New .JerseY. constitute another almost inexhaust­ ible supply, and ·a large corporation, with a capital of over $7,000,00.0 can close down their mills and cut the expense almost entirely and equipped with a corps of the best cheniists and other technical off, and feed out their goods as the demand calls for them. experts that can be obtained, is about to begin producing potash The wheat farmer and the cotton 1;armer can not do that. th~re-, its plant having already been erected. It is estimated that these sands will supply the country's needs literally 1lor centuries There :ue six and one-half million farmers in America. Those and the sand lies right on the surface, where only steam shovels are farmers can not get together in a little back room of this town required to dig it, and this sand is found not only in New .Jersey but or that town and fix the price of their -various farm products,. stretches: in a wide belt from Sandy Hook to Washington, D. C. - but the Woolen Trust, the Steel Trust, the Sugar Trust, the Stands right on the surface, right on the surface where you Aluminum Trust, controlled by a half dozen men probably, can can mine it with steam shovels, and. yet they want a protective get together in some small back room and fix the prices. and tariff on that for five years, and they get it. they do fix them at all the traffic will bear. Do ycu know what 1\Ir. ARENTZ-- Will the gentleman yield? these gentlemen wanted before our committee? Actually they .Mr. OLDFIELD. Not right now. Now, I want to read just wanted a tariff that would not only equal the difference in the what this man said about the farmers. I asked a que~tion of_ cost of production at home and abroad, but they wanted enough Mr. La Roe, and 1\Ir. La Roe said, " I am trying to show you that to o>ercome the freight rates from the Atlantic to the Pacific the 50 cents duty will be for the cotton farmer from 25 to 30 · coast. About the only bill that toe Republicans br::tgged about cents an acre." That is all. That is what they put upon the_ during the last campaign as having been passed by them was farmer of the So nth and Southeast. Why should they kick? the railroad bill. Senator LonGE I thi.Ilk, at the co:ilvention at Why should they complain when they build up• a great industry _Chicago, said that that bil1 alone·was a great :.tccomplishment, between here and New Jersey, where you have this stuff which and yet since that bill was passed_ they have booste~ the rates you can mine with steam shovels right off the top of the to a point more than the traffi~ will bear, and since the election groun.d-$7,000,000 all·eady invested in a great corporation'! it has developed that the Republicans permitted the railroads Why should! we not tux the farmers that use fertilizer 50 cents themselves to write the railroad act. To continue the rea1ing an acre f01~ the next five years? Do you think it is fair to the from this newspaper : farmer? Yet this is the argument, and the only argument, American Woolen expects to sell every yard of goods it can manu­ in favor of such a. proposition. facture in the second half year. Supplies of cloth are far lower than Mr. ARENTZ. I will tell the gentleman why_it is fair. generally appreciated, and American Woolen could almost dispose of another fun season's output of winter good&. Mr. OLDFIELD. I wish the gentleman would. 1\lr. ARENTZ. Alsace-Lorraine produces at the present time Mr. BAl"fKHEJAD. l\Jr. Chairman, I will ask the gentlem-an all the potash in the world. We do not lmow how long that if that is a recent issue of this paper? potash deposit is going to last, and would not it be a good idea 1\fr. OLDFIELD. Last week's. These manufactuTers do· not in this country to be safe in protecting the potash necessary fool these people up in Massachusetts, and I am going to prove it for-- to you in the very next paragraph which I shall quote. They; . Mr~ OLDFIELD. But if we can mine this potash behveen may fool the 1\fembers of Congress and the people generally, but here' and New Jersey with steam shovel-s rig.bj; on the ground, they do not fool the people up there. Listen to this : how can they mine it in its present form in Alsace-Lorraine 'l'here is the usual intimation that the company is making no money under ground, ship it to this country, pay whatever duty there on its business- is on it, pay the .freight, pay the insurance--rrby impose the The usual intimation ! They usually intimate that, and I duty on it? know they intimated that when they came before the Committee 1\lr. ARENTZ. If you want to wait 100 years after this rock on \Vays and :Means, and I think they would really swear to it­ is mined for it to decompose-- but. the books do not reveal operating losses, nor does the balance sheet 1\:Ir. OLDFIELD. But they have a corporation organized show the slightest need of urgent liquidation. there that can mine it with steam shovels. They do not have to sell the products they have on hand. Mr. .ARENTZ. rt is absolutely absurd. It takes 100 years Yet tlte usual information is that the company is making no for this rock to decompose. It is absolutely absurd. money on its business, although the ·books do not reveal operat­ Mr. OLDFIELD. They have asked fo'r a tariff for fi-ve years, ing loss nor does the balance sheet show the slightest need of and now the gentleman will want u.s to extend that for 100 urgent liquidation. years. because it takes 100 years for the rock to decompose. American Woolen is earning its $7 dividend comfortably, :md as a, [Laughter and applause.] result of the forthcoming big spring business will show it handsomely Mr. GREEN of Iowa. This is an old story about New Jersey covered when the year ends'next December 31. potash. They have never made any potash yet. They ru·e not fooling. this trade paper. There is another Mr. OLDFIELD. Then why in the name of common sense thing that I desire to call attention to. The Republicans talk did they have a lawyer sent here to represent those people? about their love for the laboring man, but they will not vitalize Why did he come here and mislead the conimittee? That is that love by putting it in any shape in this bill and make the what he said. manufacturers divide the tariff graft with the laborers. L 1\Ir. GREEN of Iowa. But he does not say they ever· made think that the Democrats ought to prepare an amendment-and any potash. you gentlemen ougut not to object to it or make the point of Mr. MORGAN. Will the gentleman yielcl? order against it-which would compel the manufacturers to 1\lr. OLDFIELD. I will. . divide this tariff graft with the laboring people; and if you do 1\Ir. MORGAN. The gentleman referred to the farmers aiJ.d not object to such an amendment, we will offel' it. the consideration given them by the Republican Party under I want now to call the farmers' attention to one proposition. the tariff schedules. They talk about being so good to the farmer. A man named Mr. OLDFIELD. I did not say there had been any real con­ La Roe wanted a duty on potash and fertilizers. You give the sidemtion, just a make believe consideration. [Applause.] farmer a tariff of 25 cents a bushel on wheat, which does not Mr. MORGAN. I want to ask the gentleman this question. mean anything, and so much on peanuts that does not mean Mr. OLDFIELD. They just made out like they were given ·anything, and they have so much on corn, which also means consideration. nothing to the farmer, but you certainly soaked them on fer· 1\Ir. MORGAN. I want to ask the gentleman this question.; tilizer. Why is it that" farms are sold at sheriff's sale under Democratic I want to read you what the representative of the potash tariff schedules. and debts are paid under Republican schedules. producers themselves says. They stated that they can produce [Applause on the Republican side.] fertilizer in this country. Their own representative is talking 1\Ir. OLDFIELD. If the. gentleman wants me to answer tha.t about where the potash can be produced, out in Nebraska, Utah, I will answer it. It is simply nothing on earth but Republican and California, great lakes of potash salts. He wants that propaganda. They always say that. They. have the news­ interest protected against Alsace-Lorraine. I want to quote papers of America saying that-- from page 3997 of the hearings and state what their rep­ Mr. MORGAN. Can the gentleman answer it? resentative says. He talks about how much it costs. Of course,, Mr. OLDFIELD. They said in this ... ,ltntry for 20 years that out in Nebraska and in the new countries like that, they do the1·e was great undervaluation at the customh9'u'ses. When not need fertilizer so badly, but in all of the eastern country the proof came and those men who bad been administering the

---- 3506 CONGRESS! ON AL RECORD-HOUSE. JULY. 9,

l-aw came before the committee these Republican members of [Mr. GREENE] the difference between the product which 1\:luscle the Ways and l\Ieans Committee seemed to be dumfounded, Shoals would produce and potash. when they all-the witnesses-said that there was less than one· Mr. GREENE of Vermont. I did not mention potash specifi­ tenth of 1 per cent of undervaluation at the customhouse. cally, but I said " ingredients." Therefore it was only Republican propaganda. It is simply LCMBER. not true. You Republicans had repeated this propaganda so Mr. OLDFIELD. Recent investigations show that we are often that you had begun to believe it yourselves, when Y:OU short 1,250,000 homes in this country, yet you write a lumber knew in the beginning that it was not true. [Applause on the schedule which, by the testimony of Republican members of Democratic side.] You have gone back to specific and complex the Ways and Means Committee, will increase the cost of build­ rate · in this bill. ing a home in this country all the way from $200 to $500 each. So that when the prices of products go down these protec· Yet the lumbermen in this country can produee lumber as tionists will still get their pound of flesh. These Republicans cheaply as anywhere in the world. You say you are going to never want to give the public the benefit of the breaks. They remit the duty just as soon as Canada repeals the duty· on ·must give the protected interests the advantage at all times and lumber. The lumbe1· manufacturers in this country ·can not under all circumstances. [Applause.] stand to see the Canadian lumbermen I'ob the home builders Mr. OOLTON. Will the gentleman yield? of Canada without their having the same right to rob American Mr. OLDFIELD. Yes. home builders. Gentlemen, we are not concerned with tariff Mr. COLTON. The gentleman surely does not intend to leave rates in Canada, but we are interested in the home builders of tl1e impressiou here that this bill provides for a 2! cents duty America getting lumber as cheaply as possible with which to per pound for five years, does he? build homes. 1\Ir. OLDFIELD. Let me read it to you. Mr. COLTON. I will tell you what it does provide for. It CEMENT. pro,vides for 2-f cents per pound for the first two years only, During the last 10 months, including April, 1921, we imported and then on a sliding scale, and automatically ceases to pay $981,000 worth of cement, and during the same period we exported duty. under the provisions of this bill in five years-only long $6,980,000 worth of cement. Cement is a very important build­ enough to get this infant industry established. ing material. Yet you have placed protective duties on cement Mr. OLDFIELD. You will never get up beyond the infant in this bill. Two days after you introduced your bill the - stage, because when they get above that stage you can not Attorney General brought suit under the antitrust laws against choke them off. There was a man before our committee who the cement people. Here is a trust which has a monopoly on ·made sweaters and knitted goods and underwear, and do you the American market, and yet you give it protection in your know what he said? He said they had been in business for bill. The workings of a protectionist mind are indeed strange. 50 or 60 years; that they had made sweaters and sold them in [Applause on the Democratic side.] 1914 for $27· a dozen, and at that time in January when he EARTHEN AND CHINA WARE. testified they were making them and selling them for $78 per The earthen and china ware people came before the com­ dozen, and yet he had never bad any foreign competition; but mittee with tears in 'their voices and told us that they 'iYere he said he was expecting it. [Laughter.] He had been in busi­ being swamped by foreign competition. What are the facts? ness for 50 years, but had never had any foreign competition; We imported in the last 11 months, including May, $11,885,086 but, "Oh, my, it is coming now. I can see it coming." And worth of earthen and china ware. We exported during the same listen to what he said. He said, "We have been paying 7 per period $9,368,668 worth. We exported these goods to France, cent dividends on our common stock and 7 per cent on our pre. Canada, Mexico, Cuba, Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Uruguay, ferred stock, and we have issued 100 per cent in stock divi· China, Japan, Australia; New Zealand, and other countries, and dends." And yet he was afraid of competition. competed with the foreign manufacturer in those markets. Yet I said, " How old are you in your business, anyWay? " He they tell us they can not eompete with the · foreign manufac· did not answer directly. They will not do that. It is awfully turer here at home. Do you not think these manufacturers hard to get them to answer a direct question. I said, " How ought to be put under oath when they appear before the com­ old is your business?" He said, "I did not say anything about mittee? Why do they want this protection? . To increase the being an infant." [Laughter.] "You have not answered the prices of their cups, saucers, dishes, and so forth, to the question," I said. He said, "Fifty or sixty years." And yet he American consumers. [Applause.] asked for protection, and he gets it under this bill. WINDOW GLASS. Mr. HOGAN. Is that a fair comparison to an industry that . I .noticed recently in the Southern Tariff Advocate the state­ had no existence in America prior to the war and only started ment, in big headlines, " Window-glass industry demoralized by because of the demand in this country during the war? Is that foreign competition." The article says the competition is a fair comparison? And then, further, will you also read the coming from Belgium. During the last 11 months ending l\fay proYision of the bill that you started out to read ?-because 31, 1921, we imported common window glass to the amount of the inference was given here that we were giving the duty for $1,526,567. During the same 11 months we exported common five rears. window glass to the value of $2,381,7(!2, almost twice as much Mr. OLDFIELD. According to the other gentleman over as we imported. Yet they say Belgium is putting our manu· there, while we were having this colloquy, it would be a hun· facturers of window glass out of business. Now, where did we dred rears before we got ready. send our window glass. France, Belgium's next-door neighbor, l\:Ir. GREENE of Vermont. Will the gentleman from Ar· ·Canada, l\fexico, Cuba, Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Uruguay, kansas yield? China, Japan, Australia, and New Zealand. We compete with Mr. OLDFIELD. Yes. Belgium in all those countries. Mr. GREENE or' Vermont. If you are so eager in insisting The average ad valorem rate on all dutiable imports under there is already plenty of material from which to make fer­ the Payne-Aldrich Act for t;t:i.e year 1913 \W!S 40 per cent. In tilizers in this country, why were you so anxious to develop this bill the rate will be boosted to a 55 per cent average. It Muscle Shoals? · will cost the American people not less than $3,000,000,000 per Mr. OLDFIELD. That is an entirely different question. An­ year in tariff taxes. The people will not stap.d this burden other thing, we had an understanding in the Ways and Means long. This bill will defeat you worse than did the Payne­ Committee before we brought thi;~ bill over here that our de· Aldrich bill. [Applause on the Democratic side.] I think the bate should be confined to the bill. Therefore we do not want people are interested in our e.xPort trade, in markets for our to talk about the Muscle Shoals proposition. surplus products. About 20 per cent of our production in this Mr. GREENE of Vermont. The Muscle Shoals proposition country is; surplus, for which we must find foreign markets if was brought up ostensibly in the interest of the farmers for we are to have prosperity at home. For the year 1920 we had a fertilizer. surplus of cotton to the value of $200,000,000, wheat to the value Mr. OLDF lELD. Oh, yes. of $450,000,000, meat products to the value of $250,000,000, and Mr. GREENE of Yermont. .And then you admit it was only manufactured products to the value of $750,000,000. a camouflage; that that was only .a reason and not the real Now, gentlemen, we can not sell these surplus products, upon purpose? which our prosperity depends, to foreign peoples unless we Mr. OLDFIELD. Oh, no; I will say it was a meritorious buy their products in return ; yet you are building a Chinese proposition in the interest of the farmers of the country, but wall around this country. The testimony before the committee you Republicans killed it. - overwhelmingly showed that if Europe, our best customer, is to 1\Ir. GARRETT of Tennessee. I think it would not violate exist we must trade with them. Yet you build a tariff wall so the agreement with Mr. FoRDNEY and the gentleman from Ar· high it will be impossible "for them to send their goods to our kansas to take the time to tell the gentleman from Vermont markets. [Applause on the Democratic side.] 1921. CONGRESSIONAL R.EOORD-HOUSE. 3507

MERCHANT MARINE. . I am inclined to the opinion that the failure of the miDority What do you expect to do with our $3,000,000,000 merchant to present their case as against this measure clearly, definitely, marine created during the war? l\Ir. Lasker, chairman of the and logically is due largely to the fact that for the first time Shipping Board, made the following statement a few days ago: in many years the Democratic minority finds itself sadly divided both as to the rates carried and as to the policy outlined in this ' American industry and finance can not exist on the scale to which it has been created unless foreign markets are opened and remain open. measure. \Ve may hear before the debate closes some voice American commerce must compete successfully on the seas with the reminiscent of the past still proclaiming the virtue of free commerce of the world, trade. .No merchant marine can long exist unless its ships have 1\fr. LONGWORTH. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? cargo both ways, and you know this ; hence your program Mr. MONDELL. Some one on the Democratic side may still probably is to sell the ships to your pets at dirt-cheap prices be heard denouncing a protective tariff in any shape or form, an<.l then if they are put out of business by your tariff policy but those voices will lack the numbers and the assurance of you will at least make an effort to pass a ship subsidy bill and olden times. take the taxpayers' money out of the Treasury and give it to Now I yield to the gentleman from Ohio. the shipowners in order to guarantee them profits. If this bill Mr. LONGWORTH. Is there not this excuse on the part of becomes a law, the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans had just as well gentlemen on the other side, that, as they stated in their re­ be oceans of fire instead of great highways of commerce as God port, they did not know that the tariff was an issue in the intended. [Applause on the Democratic side.] last campaign, and therefore they have to work hard to keep 1\Ir. Chairman, in conclusion permit me to say that every up to date and find out that it was? ·[Laughter.] Democrat and every independent-thinking Republican should Mr. l\10NDELL. The leaders on that side still have many vote against this bill written by and in Ulle interest of special things to learn. [Laughter.] privilege. Democrats should line up solidly against it. The Eventually, unless I am greatly mistaken, we shall find Democratic Party was organized to combat special privilege a very considerable number of gentlemen on the other side sup­ wherever it shows its ugly head. This is a contest between the porting the measure, unless at the last moment they are dis­ millions of the American people who do not seek special favors suaded from their present inclination by the cracking of the at the hands of Congress, on the one hand, and the rich few who party whip. · promote, write, and pass legislation in their own interests on Mr. BLANTON. l\IIr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield the other. right there? The Democratic Party has•always taken the side of the ordi­ Mr. MONDELL. I will yield if I have time, very briefly. nary citizen, the masses, if you please, as against their ex­ l\lr. BLANTON. When such an orthodox Republican as t11e ploiters. The party has a splendid record of achievement in gentleman from Wisconsin [Mr. FREAR] denounces it as funda­ the past, and if we remain true to our principles we have a mentally indefensible, why is it necessary for Democrats to glorious future awaiting us. I thank you. [Loud applause.] attack it? [Applause.] Mr. FORDNEY. 1\.Ir. Chairman, I yield eight minutes to the Mr. l\IONDELL. It always requires an exception or two to gentleman from Wyoming [Mr. l\IoNnELL]. - prove any good rule. [Laughter.] Mr. MONDELL. l\Ir. Chairman, a little later I shall have The fact is that America and every section of it is to-day time, I hope, to address the committee at some length on this at heart. largely favorable to a protective policy, and Demo­ bill. At the present time I desire to submit a few preliminary cratic orators find themselves embarrassed by the protective observations. sentiment in their section. That fact does riot, however, excuse Mr. Chairman, the nepublican members of the Ways and denunciation, abuse, and extravagance or the failure to present Means Committee of the House have performed a great public criticism in a logical, defendable form. 8ervice in the preparation and presentation of the Fordney tariff Mr. BANKHEAD. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield bill. No work of human hand or brain is perfect; no tariff right there? measure dealing with a thousand schedules, affecting billions Mr. MONDELL. If I can have more time I will yield. in values, can be wholly satisfactory in all its items and provi­ Mr. FORDNEY. I will yield to the gentleman two minutes sions to anyone. The preparation of this bill was undertaken more. ut a time when the trade and industry and labor of the world l\lr. BANKHEAD. The ge~tleman is criticizing the minority is in a sadly disorganized and unsatisfactory state. The diffi­ for not offering any. constructive help to this bill. Why is it culties surrounding the securing of accurate information rela­ that the gentleman's party refuses to the Democratic minority tive to the comparative costs of production have been greater the opportunity to offer amendments to this bill? The rule than ever before. Notwithstanding all these handicaps the fin­ cuts it off. ished product of rate and policy. set out in the 346 pages of this l\fr. MONDELL. The rule does not contain anythin(J' to pre- bill has met with a more favorable response from the country vent the offering of amendments. o than any like measure presented within a generation. This ap­ The CHAIRMAN (Mr. MANN). The time of the (J'entleman proval_ is not confined tQ any particular portion of the country, has expired. "' · but is voiced to a considerable extent from every. section. It l\Ir. FORDNEY. Mr. Chairman, I yield two minutes more to will, in my opinion, grow, rather than diminish, as the provi­ the gentleman /rom 'Vyoming. sions of the bill are examined and analyzed. The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman from Wyoming · is recog­ l\1r. Chairman, while the majority has performed a great public nized for two minutes more. service the minority has wholly missed-lamentably missed-a l\lr. MONDELL. l\Ir. Chairman, from the beginning we have great opportunity to perform a public service. In this country, endeavored to maintain a high standard of living and a wide field where the hvo great parties have held widely. differing views on of opportunity in America, and we have succeeded. At no time the general subject of tariff legisllltion, there is abundant ground in our history has the contmst between American wages, Ameri­ for legitimate criticism by the minority, whether it be Re­ can rewards, American standards, American opportunities,· and publican or Democratic, of any tariff measure presented by the those of many foreign countries with which we compete been so majority, be it Republican or Democratic, and this legitimate wide and so sh·iking as at this particular time. In no period criticism, if frankly and fairly uttered, serves a useful purpose­ of our history, therefore, has it been so essential as to-day first, in defining the views of the opposition clearly; and, second, that we shall safe~ard our labor and our living standards. It in pointing out and calling attention to items and provisions is that fact,. appreciated by our people all over the country, rel~tive to which the majority may not have been sound and that is largely responsible for the favorable sentiment with wise. which this carefully prepared protective tariff bill bas been Of criticism of this kind, we have had none from the minority. received. The determination throughout the country to main­ Neither the minority report nor the speeches so far heard from tain American standards and opportunities is responsible for the minority side pre ent clear, concise, logical, mueh less con­ the favorable sentiment toward protection in all parts of the structive, criticism. I do not suggest that this is due to any country. The determination to maintain American standards lack of ability on the part of the minority, for the minority has of living accounts for the fact that this measure is welcome men as well qualified to present their views as any minority in as an assurance that under the policies and legislation of this the past. Is it due to the fact that the bill as a whole is a more Republican administration the labor, the industries, and the perfect measure and less vulnerable than other tariff measures? high standards of America shall be preserv-ed. [Applause.] As a Republican -favorable to the measure I am inclined to l\Ir. GARl'l"ER. l\Ir. Chairman, with the permission of the think that the bill is less subject to criticism than any tariff gentleman from Michigan [1\Ir. FoRDNEY], I would ·like to measure which has been presented in many years; but in that yield five minutes to the gentleman from Tennessee [Mr. fact we can not find a full explanation of the failure of the GARRETT). minority. Mr. FORDNEY. Yes. LXI--221 3508 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. JULY 9,

The CH.AIIt 1AN. Tlle gentleman from Tennessee is recog- power to radically reform and retrench Go...-ernment expendl- Dizecl for fh·e minute ·. tures and to embark on a rigid system of ·economy, but new 1\lr. FORDNEY. 1\Ir. Chairman, if the gentleman from Ten- offices have been created, with fat salm:ies, and -appropriations nessee will permit me, I was reque...<;;t;ed a While ago by some n.re still piled up to staggering .:figures. g-entlemen to insert in my remarks a copy of the document on Tl1e Federal reserve banking system is one of the best wJiich waf,res. It is so large that I am going to have it printed as ·a human wisdom ever created, but its p~·lme ·objects and purposes public document instead of including it in my remarks. have been perverted by the board cllarged with its execution Mr. GARNER. That would have to be done in the House. and management and its activities prostituted to that of a mere The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman is not making that request money-making machine, ami no steps ha\'"~ been taken to correct now. ' this inexcusable abuse of power or, to be more charitable, gross ~1r. GAitRETT of Tennessee. Mr. Chairman, the gentleman incompetency. from Wyoming [1\fr. Mor..-nELL] seems to think that there is a The .chaotic and -demoralizing eff.ec:ts of the war ha\e not desperate ignorance on ilie part of the leadership of the· minor- fallen more heavily 1!1pon any dass of our people than those ity. Of course, it is almost imJIOSsible for any individual to engaged in the honorable and necessary pursuit of agriculture, associate wiili other individuals without absorbing something, the basic wealth-producing indush·y of our country. and even a strong and intelleetual minority, having associated The cattle and sheep grower does not t·eceive the actual cost for the past three yearJS, almost, with such a majority -as has of getting his animals ready for market, and yet those rrho pur­ been had, may possibly have deteriorated to orne extent. chase these meats at retail or consume them at the public eat­ [Laughter.] ing places of the country pay a price grossly out of harmony and I hold in my hand a rather interesting article, which I think in excess of that received by the producer; the grain farmer re­ I shall take the liberty of reading just now, following the 1·e- ceives for his products less than the cost of production, but the marks of the gentleman from Wyoming, the majority leader. bread consumers are still forced to pay a comparati\ely ex­ It is from the Boston Transcript. It is headed "The Repub- orbitant price for this necessary food; hides scarcely yield the lican failure." I read: producer the expense of transporting them to market, and yet [From the Boston Transcript-Independent n public-an.] ~he ~earers _of sh<:es .and users of leathe: continue t? pay un- THE REPGBLICAN F.AILuRE. JUSbfiab1y h1g~ pnces. for these necessarres; the frmt, melon, Already at the executive end of Pennsylvania Avenue the whispered a~d veg~table :rndustnes aT~ whaUy unprofitable to the · ~ctual admission is heard that the administration would find much eru;ier the I producers, but those who are so fortunate as to have them on job of keeping its campaign promises if the Republican majorities in the thetr table pay a price which would pay transportation charges, Senate and Hous~ were not so large. a liberal profit to the middleman and a handsome 1:eturn to the If popular sentiment here can be accepted as a barometer of popular d · . th 1 • ! · • f . · sentiment elsewhere we think we can safely promise the President that pro ucer • e woo grower recerves starvation pnces or his the next congressio~al elections will result in a considerable reduction product, but almost inconceivable high prices, comparatively, are iJ?. the Republican majority in each House. Bnt the c~re ss ional elec- still exac-ted from the consumers of woolen goods; the producer tlons are more than a year away, _a nd the new Se~at<>rs and ¥embers of cotton is forced to sell his cotton at less than a third of the of Congress then to be elected Wlll not take theu seats until 1923. . That is too long for even a patient people to wait for relief from the actual cost of production, and yet the finished cotton goods are shortcomings of a Congress so blatantly .callous as is the pre ent House retailed at prices which justify the producer of the 1.·aw or basic to the co!ffi!ry's current nee~s. . . . . material receiv.ing a commensurate reward for his labors· the The failure of the Republlcan maJority m the House to ra1se up a . . . ' leadership eapable of doing the "\'\"ork that the Republican Party pledged consummg .masses have had but little Tehef from the unprece- itself to. do ~mnts .the. President wi.th the .o~ligation of facing the facts dented high prices they paid for necessary commodities during and ~cting m the1r ll.ght. If he IS. unWillmg or unable. through ~e the "Teater period of the World War and the farmer still pavs exerc1se of the vast mfiuence of h1s office or through the attractive o. all . . . -: amiability of his own personality, to bring order out of chaos in the practic Y war prices for unplements and necessary matermlm House, it is high time that he made a public confession to that effect. the production of his crops, for which he now ~ecei\'"es only By going ID:rectly to th<; people and telling th.em in.plain language that about one-t'hird of what he enjoyed during the war period· the Republican Party 1n the House .has failed h1m, he would -evoke ·w f . nf . d . ' from the counh·y a popular pTotest against the record to date of the IDl ons o peop1 e are out of emp1 oyment and m e orce Idle- Republican ·Congress that would make its every Member read, ana at ness and _many working on half time and numerous manufactur- least some of them heed, "the handwriting on the wall." ing plants are o_perating at a Joss or are earning barely enough tLaughter and applau e.] to pay operating expenses; and the profiteer is still abroad in After this is copied, I ask that it be sent to the gentleman the ·land. from Wyoming [Mr. 1\.ioND.ELL]. [Laughter and applause.] And yet, incredible as it may seem, practically nothing has Mr. MURPHY. Mr. Chairman, I ask unanimous consent to b€en done to relieve these distressing conditions. extend and revise my remarks. Mr. KING. Will the gentleman yield? The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman ft·om Ohio asks unanimous Mr. WRIGHT. Yes. consent to revise and extend his remarks. there ob- Mr. KING. Wil1 not the gentleman be fair enough to state jection? when that situation began? Did it not begin two years before There was no objection. the Democratic Party was out of power? 1\Ir. GARNER. Mr. Chairman, I yield 15 minutes to the gen- Mr. WRIGHT. I will be frank with the gentleman and say tleman from Georgia [Mr. WRIGHT]. that it began when Mr. Houston v; as Secretary of the Treasury Mr. WRIGHT. Mi'. Chairman and gentlemen of the commit- and Gov. Harding was go\ernor of the Federal Reserve Board. tee, while a Democrat of the " old school •• and having nn nbid- In this connection, let me remind you that history shows ing and unfa1terlng faith in the doctrines and principles of the those nations which failed to build up and foster their indus­ Democratic Party, I had ne\ertheless hoped the present Repub- tries, and especially their -aglicultm·al interests, -but neglected lican Congress and administration would accomplish something them, went to ruin and decay. for the reli-ei of our tax.!burdened people and enact some legis~ The vezy bill under consideration, wbich if enacted into law lntion of a constructi\e character which would, at least to some would not only . fail to bring relief but would place an a.ddi­ extent, ameliorate the almost intolerable business and financial tiona1 inexcnsable and unjustifiable burden upon the consumers conditions so depressing to. the great mass of the people of the of this country -and make the rich richer and tlle poor 'POOrer, United States. But in this earnest, chetishro ho11e I have been is a striking illustration of the h'eatment proposed to be ac­ wholly disappointed. eordecl the farmers :and wealth-producing class of this country. For more than four long, weary months an expectant and You would largely exempt from duty the luxuries which can trustful people have awaited some fulfillment of the boastful only be enjoyed by the rich and place a heavy duty upon and campaign pledges of the arrogant -and now dominant politica1 thereby largely increase the prices of the actual necessities of party in charge of every branch of the Government, on1y to life. Why ·place a heavy duty on -potash, so essential to the meet crushing and withering disappO'intment. Relief was prom- production of crops, 11nd especial1y cotton, and practically ex­ ised from the galling and unBqUal burdens of a tax measure empt many articles which can only be afforded by people justified only by the exigencies and stress of war, and which basking in ease and wealth? should have been modified more than two years ago, and -yet no But it is claimed the enactment of the pending tariff bill bill looking to this end has e en been reported to the Congress. would -p-robably praduce to the ·Go...-ernment revenue approximat~ Transportation rates which are almost confiscatory and pro- ing from -six to -seven hundred million dollars annually, but it is hibitive in their character and wbich so materially impede the overlooked that the provisions of this same bill would wring improvement of our business and ·economic -conditions, and whose from the impoverished and overburdened people of our country blighting effects are so far-reaching and general, have not been many billions annually which would not go into the Treasury reduced, and no hopeful indications cheer the American public of the United States but into the coffers of certain favored that any reduction will be made in the immediate .or near classes -and manuf cturers. Beside , th-e bill uiscriminates future. against the producers of the basic material in favor of the In the campaign of 1920 the spol~esrnen of the now majority manufacturer. If a high uuty is good for the manufacturer, party solemnly pledged the people if it should be placed. in why not for the farmer? 1921. OONGRESSION AL. RECORD-HOUSE. 3509 '

Our people as a rule are conservative, forbearing, long suf­ ishly-believed in the principle of what they called protection. fering, and patient, but their righteous indignation can be When I say for 50 years I am not unmindful that during periods aroused. How long will they passively and quietly endure and of four years twice the Democratic Party was in the ascendancy, submit to the conditions I have detailed? No longer than they but conditions prior to each instance were like those in France have the opportunity of reflecting their views and giving ex­ during the latter part of the reign of Louis XV, who, when near­ pression of their just grievances at the ballot box, where those ing his death, exclaimed "After us comes the deluge." Four who have not been faithful to them will receive a just and years was all too short a time to undo and make over, and so stinging rebuke. my original proposition would seem to be sound, that in 1913, In my humble judgment the proposed legislation is ill-timed when the Democratic Party came into full power, the present and unwise, and can not be justified under present conditions majority party had been in the control of the Government for when the whole financial, commercial, and industrial fabric of nearly 50 years. Within a little more than a year after the the world is in an upheaval and in an unsettled condition, and first inauguration of Woodrow Wilson as President of the United when we are trying not only to reestablish but extend and in­ States the present national banking law, known as the Federal crease our foreign trade and commerce. reserve act, was placed upon the statute books against the sus­ Mr. BLANTON. Will the gentleman yield? tained opposition of the most powerful financial influences, and Mr. WRIGHT. Yes. . so nearly perfect did this masterpiece of econorqic mechanism 1\fr. BLANTON. Concerning that very point that the gentle­ work that the country withstood the shock of the altogether man has made, an orthodox Republican from Wisconsin, Mr. changed conditions due to the concentration of the country's FREAR, in his report says there are provisions in the bill which energies and resources in financing and conducting a war, which, are fundamental1y indefensible. in cohesiveness of effort, concentration of IJlaterial and of men Mr. WRIGHT. He is eminently correct. intensively but fully trained, and in Yalor and brilliancy of exe­ 1\Ir. MORGAN. Mr. Chairman, I would like to ask the gen­ cution, is the wonder of the world. tleman from Texas a question. For six years the interests of all the people was the para­ 1\Ir. BLANTOX. If the gentleman from Georgia will yield, I mount governmental consideration. For six years the serv­ will answer it. ants of the people at Washington did what our theory of govern­ Mr. WRIGHT. I will yield. ment conceives they should do. They were in truth and in Mr. MORGAN. I \voulcl like to inquire of the gentleman why fact the servants of all of the people. Special privilege beat he asked such a question when he made a speech before the in vain upon the doors of the sanctuaries of the people's rights, Southern Tariff A sociation at which I was present in whicll and, defeated and sullen, they returned to their tents deter­ he said that if he e:h:-pected to be returned to Congress he woulu mined to await the sadly inevitable public reaction from great have to vote for protection? mental elevation. · l\fr. BLANTON. The speech I made was in fa\or of the emer­ The country s achievements, participateu in alike by all of eency tariff bill, in behalf of the farmers and stockmen of this our people, irrespecti\e of creed or political alignment, reached country, and it is a splendid piece of legislation. the culmination of opportunity when all Em·ope, disgusted and Mr. MORGA...l\1'. But it was a tariff bill. sick with war, reached out across the water and asked the Mr. BLANTON. But not like this measure. great Republic of the '\Vest to lead the way toward future l\Ir. WHIGHT. How can we expect to sell to the other na­ peace, prosperity, and economic stability, and then that great tions of the world when we levy a duty so high on the com­ instrument known as the covenant of the League of Nations modities they have to . ell as to practically prohibit their pur­ was offered to the Senate of the United States for ratification. chase by us? The one thing so much needed to bring a revival And then what happened? The stored-up venom of six years' c: business prosperity to this country is for our producers and accumulation appea:red. All those who hated tbe President of manufacturers to find a foreign market for their surplus prod­ the United States because of his great intellectual capacity, ucts, and how can we expect to sell to tho e from whom we do because of the directness of his methods, because of his naive not buy? How do we hope to collect the enormous debts owing adherence to the simple principles of right and justice, because to us by the Allies if we levy a prohibitive tariff on the fruits of his vision in seeing the opporhmity to reduce to concrete of their toil ? form a practical plan to bring about national tranquillity and As a re ult of the war this country produced ships aggregating prosperity and international political and economic peace, de­ some 30,000,000 dead-\veight tonnage at a cost of billions of clared themselves against the world's greatest opportunity to dollars. If this splendid fleet is to be used to transport a large beat its swords into plowshares and prevented the ratification part of the commerce of the wo~·ld and be successfully operated of the covenant of the League of Nations, only, however, nnd and enrich tho e who may purchase it and engage in its opera­ not until, the object of their hatred and spleen, a man whose tion, these vessels must not only carry but bring back a cargo, capacity for constructive and sustained labor was the wonder and the provisions of this propo::;ed legislation will prove a seri- of bis time, was stricken on the field of battle. - ou handicap, if, indeed, they will not prevent the successful oper­ Drunk with the opportunity of reaction, the majority party ation of our great merchant marine either by the Government, in a wild frenzy to again enthrone privilege where it had long individuals, or companies. reigned in comfort and with unction, made reckless promises l\1y friends, what I have said is not in a spirit of partisan­ of the KirYana it would create by governmental action for the ship, but I have ventured to call your attention to some of the people of this Republic, the boys on the Rhine were to come distressing conditions of our country, actuated by an earnest home immediately after 1\Iarch 4, returning prosperity was desire to make some suggestion which may be the means of promised to the speculator and the profiteer, who during and accomplishing some good and bringing some relief to our glori­ after the war had lost the conception of achievement by hard ous but now depressed and suffering people. and consistent labor; the slacker and the gouger, who during It is my cherished hope that we may all for once rise above the closing years of the Democratic administration had been petty partisanship and sectionalism and be actuated by a high economically reprimanded and told to go back to honest work, order of patriotic statesmanship and diligently and sincerely were assured during this campaign of 1920 by the majority strive to bring relief to the people of our common country: party that the glorious days of war-time loot would be re­ [Applause.] turned for them if only the Republican Party was placed in l\Ir. GAR1\TER. l\fr. Chairman, I yield 30 minutes to the power. gentleman from. MaryJancl [Mr. GoLnsBonouaH]. The results last fall were exactly what were to be expected. 1\lr. GOLDSBOROUGH. l\fr. Chairman, after three months of No properly informed and thoughtful Democrat was surprised effort the American Congress is about to enter upon the final at what actually took place, but the results of the election have phase of its endeavor in putting into concrete form upon the placed the majority party in the hopeless position of being statute books of the United States of America a measure which unable to carry out what it had led the people to expect, and history will speak of as the "Fordney tariff bill." this very tariff measure which the American Congress is now In 1913 this country entered into a phase of political develop­ considering, and upon the disposition of which will depend ment more constructive, more elevated, and with more unselfish so largely the welfare of 110,000,000 people, is the concep­ vision than probably any other in the whole history of national tion not even of the legislative group which consistently fosters development. l\fen were called to the Nation's service without the interests of special privilege, but a hazy attempt to put financial alliances and selfish predilections to obscure their angle into concrete form something, no matter how unscientific, no of vision, but all of them men of sound fundamental training, matter how unfair, no matter how discriminatory, no matter men cnpable of sustained thought, and men with no tie or alle­ to what extent the people will be plundered by it, a hazy at­ giance except unselfish de' otion to the solving of the problems tempt to convince the people that something is being done to - which concerned the teeming millions of America. carry out the Republican promise of constructive legislation. Since tile Civil ·war, a period of nearly 50 years, the destinies And what does the mass of testimony taken before the 'Vays of tbe great American Republic had been under the control of and Means Committee of the House of RepresentatiYes demon­ groups, who-some of them sincerely and some of tbem self- strate? Only this: That as soon as it was lmO\Yll that this 3510 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. JULY 9,

Congress was going to enact tariff legislation every selfish and 1\Ir. HARDY of Texas. I am glad to ·hear it, and I will do sordid local interest stormed the Ways and Means Committee it. Will I be permitted to offer it? room in order that it might be allowed to set its talons into :.1\f.r. FORDNEY. I think the chairman will offer no objec­ the throat of a people prostrate in a period of war recon· tion to tb.e gentleman's offering an amendment. struction but asking only that healthy economic conditions be Mr. HARDY of Texas. I am glad to hear it, and I will restored, asking only that world trade might be resumed so offer it. that wheat and corn and cotton could be restored to normal Mr. FORDNEY. The gentleman better be getting it ready. prices and at the same time feed and clothe the starving and Mr. GOLDSBOROUGH. And what would be its :results? . It freezing millions across the seas, so that the products of the will encourage the destruction of our remaining forests, instead factory might find a market across the Atlantic, its owner of encouraging the importation of Canadian lumber and the be able to obtain and receive for himself a fair measure of consequent conservation of our present forest 1·eserves. profit for his product, and give labor to the vast body of the The abo\'"e statement alone sufficiently and fully demonstrates country's unemployed. that a tariff on lumber is against the interest of the people At a time when this country has a vast surplus of gold1 at of this country, but aside from a scientific discussion and get­ a time when Europe, sadly in need of our products, can pay for ting down to the ver·y time when this tariff bill is to become them only. in goods, we are building up a tariff wall as a a law, what do we find? We find that, due to a cessation of fraudulent fulfillment of a campaign pledge and in order to building operations during the war and due to the prohibitive satisfy the pirates who again deelre to take charge of the ship cost of lumber since the war, houses have not kept pace with of state. increasing population, so that there is a thoroughly recognized Ah! how blind men are when their own personal interest is housing shortage throughout the length and breadth of the involved, political or matel'ial, how they refuse to look beyond United States. This has resulted in rent profiteering which and see what they are doing to their fellow men. has caused untold suffering and privation and self-denial to mil­ In our great cities now, and even in the country, g1·owing chil­ lions of our people, yet the lumber barons, one group of dren show by their pinched faces and feeble bodies that they are special privilege now ·in the saddle at Washington~ with the not getting proper nourishment for their minds and their bodies ; price of lumber ah·eady at a peak where they can make more helpless babies are dying by the hundreds because their natural money than they ever made before excep-t in the period during protectors, out of work, are unable to provide them either with the latter part of the war and immediately after, are having proper food or with medical attention, and I warn you, you who placed in this tariff measure a schedule to further plunder the are again placing it within the power of the few to take the bread people and filch from their pockets the money they have· to from the mouths and the clothes from the backs of the many, spend in order to keep shelter over their heads and the heads that the garments of silk which clothe the few do not come from of their wives and children. the worm alone, but their raiment is spun from the bowels of OILS. babes. And then comes the oil group, who control a sufficient num­ Gen. Hancock said that the tariff was a local question. What ber of votes on the Republican side of Congress to block the he meant was that, as a claim of infant industry could no longer tariff bill unless they are allowed to put their fingers in the be made by the friends of protection, a tariff, when it was any­ public purse. The very night before the introduction of this thing more than simply and purely a tariff for revenue, was an measure, which the chairman of the Ways and Means Com­ :instrument provided for -various local selfish interests and not a mittee, with such grim humor, has named " the Magna. Cha.rt..'l. goT"ernmental instrument useful to the people as a whole. for the perpetuation of American standards of living and the It is thoroughly well known that this tariff bill would have constitution of a rmifOI:m and universal prosperity," a taiiff been an impossibility except by the cooperation, based on mutual was placed upon Mexican oil which practically prohibits its dependency, of various powerful financial and business groups importation and which will enable the great oil producers of who ha\'"e long since passed by "the period of infant industry," this country to place an unearned charge upon the .American and who do not fear the competition of any country on earth, or people of millions of dollars annually until this law is re­ else groups who, neither from the standpoint of the p·rotectionist pealed. nor the standpoint of the believer in a tariff for revenue only, are Talk about protection for oil. A man who has an oil well entitled to a tariff. Of the latter class are the lumber and oil found on his land has a mine of untold wealth in the well groups. itself and the only conceivable purpose of a tariff of anY. wooo A -o LUMBEn. kind on oil is to pay dividends on the watered stock of corpo- This country is about to expend $7,000,000 in the planting and rations formed to sell shares to an Unsuspecting public, the preser\ation of national forests. This is because the Govern- value of which are based entirely on the unknown possibilities ment recognizes that within 50 years the country will suffer of production of that oil well. In other words, all this tariff can from a lumber famine unless something is done to preserve the possibly do is to foster the schemes of men who are e::

corn grower, but this duty on corn does serve to illustrate the bill in order tO' shut the eyes of millions of the people upon general fraud attempted to be perpetrated on the producer of whom the infamy of this legislation is about to be perpetrated. taple agricultural products by a reciprocal tariff. Mr. KING. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? Practical statesmen and economic specialists ha\e been dis­ Mr. GOLDSBOROUGH. I can not yield. cus ilig the effect of the tatiff on staple agricultural products Mr. KING. But the gentleman made a statement with re­ for the last 50 years, and of late years the Tariff Commission gard to the Republican members of the Banking and Currency has written largely upon the subject, and ne\er in a single Committee. instance, except where the disciples of special interests have Mr. GOLDSBOROUGH. No; I did not. I said that much of been trying to foist a tariff measure on the people· of the that legislation came to the Banking and Currency Committee, United States, has any supposedly well-informed man claimed and therefore I was familiar with the attitude of the members that a tariff on agricultural staples would increase the price of the Ways and Means Committee who con titute the domi­ to the producer or do anything more than give the profiteer in nating factor on the Republican side. food products a chance to add a fictitious price onto the bread Mr. KING. The gentleman does not mean to ·ay that the that' goes into the mouth of the great body of consumers of this Republican members of the Banking and Currency Committee country and make almost prohibitive the cost of the garments ever opposed farmer legislation? to cove:r the backs of the great masses of the men, women, and 1\Ir. GOLDSBOROUGH. I did not say that the gentleman children of the United States of America. did, because the gentleman has persistently tried to helll it. Even Dr. Taussig, professor of economics at Harvard Uni­ My friends, the country has recently emerged from a great \ersity, the very temple of the priesthood of special priv.Llege, war. The spirits of men and women have been chastened by has not the hardihood to claim that a tariff on agricultural heroic sacrifice and unselfish devotion to duty. We mu ·t not staples is of any benefit to the producer. In " Some Aspects of lose the heritage which this vision leaves to us and to our pos­ the Tariff Question," published in 1915, on page 4, Dr. Taussig terity through all time. We must not for one moment forget :qa this to say : that thousands and thousands of the fresh young boys who went "A.. duty on a commodity which is produced within the country as to France believed that what they were doing would result in cheaply as without, and sold as cheaply, ordinarily has no effect what­ a better America for them if they lived, and, whether they lived ever. Of such levies there has been a plenty in our tru:iff history. Thc.se on the staple agricultural products are the most familiar and or died, a better ~'llnerica for their loved ones and tho e that conspicuous. In the logrolling which is an almost universal con­ were to come after their loved ones and for the whole 110,000,000 comitant of pro\ectiye tariffs the notion that a duty will surely be of of a great people. benefit to domestic producers has caused our farming sections to in­ sist on 'their share' of the going favors, and to accept, nay demand, Shortly before making the supreme sacrifice one of these boys du~ies on wheat, corn, meat and meat products, which yet 'have been wrote a few ver~es, but I only seem to remember the lines­ qmte without industrial effect. There has been no more striking illus­ tration of the average farmer's naive state of mind on this subject If ye break faith with us who die than the bitter opposition aroused by the reciprocity treaty with Can­ We shall not sleep, ada which the Taft administration proposed in 1910-11. The free Though poppies grow on Flanders fields. admission of wheat contemplated by thlft treaty was suppo e

LEA IT OF ABSENCE. PUBLIC BILLS, RESOLUTIONS, AND MEMORIALS. By unanimou · consent, ltA>ave of absence was granted to­ Under clause 3 of Rule XXII, bills, resolutions, and memorials MI·. BRENKAN for six days, on account of official business. were introduced and severally referred as follows: l\lr. ~l&..w ·for 10 days, on account of the serious illness of By Mr. McFADDEN: A bill (H. R. 7683) to provide for the 1\lrs. I\Iead. consolidation or redistribution of the powers and duties of the several executive departments of the Government of the 'IT AGES IK UNITED STATES AND FOREIGN COUNTRIES. United States relating to the Territory of Alaska, and for 1\lr. FORDNEY. l\Ir. Speaker, I wish to offer the following other purposes ; to the Committee on the Territories. re olution. By Mr. SWING: A bill (H. n. 7684) to authorize the Secre­ The SPEAKER pro tempore. The Clerk will report the reso­ tary of the Navy to acquire 1,000 acres, more or less, at or lution. near Camp Kearny, Calif., for a site for a lighter-than-air The Clerk read as follows: aviation station; to the Committee on Naval Affairs. Resol"cedJ That the publication entitled "Wages in the United States By Mr. COLLIER: A bill (H. R. 7685) to amend section 90 and Foreign Countl"ics," prepared for the use of the Committee on Ways of the Judicial Code of the United States approved 1\Iarch 3, and Means, be printed as a House document, and that 10,000 additional 1911, so as to change the time of holding certain terms of the copies be printed. of which 9,000 shall be for the use of the House and shall be distributed through the folding room, and 1,000 for the Com­ district court in Mississippi; to the Committee on the Judiciary. mittee on "IT'a:rs and Means. By Mr. NEWTON of Missouri: A bill (H. R. 7686) to amend 1\lr. FORDl\TEY. Mr. Speaker, I ask that for this reason: section 9 of an act entitled "An act to define, regulate, and There is a great demand for the document. I had stated during punish trading with the enemy, and for other purposes," ap­ the day that I would print it as a part of my remarks, but proved October 6, 1917, as amended; to the Committee on Inter­ there are 100 pages and I would rather not. I would like to state and Foreign Commerce. haYe it printed as a public document. The estimate given on By Mr. WINSLOW: A bill (H. R. 7687) authorizing boards the number asked for is $350. I think the House should have of investigation of the United States Public Health Service to it printed as a public document. subpcena witnesses; to the Committee on the Judiciary. Mr. GARRETT of Tennessee. Mr. Speaker, I think we can Also, a bill (H. R. 7688) to provide for the marking of an­ take that up on l\Ionday morning, and I make the point that chorage grounds in waters of 1-:he United States; to the Com­ there is no quorum present. mittee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce. By Mr. TEN EYCK: A bill (H. R. 76 9) to provide for the l\lr. MANN. It only comes up by unanimous consent. industrial rehabilitation of the blind; to the Committee on The SPEAKER pro tempore. The gentleman from Tennessee Public Buildings and Grounds. make · the point of order of no quorum. 1\lr. FORDNEY. l\Ir. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent that when the House adjourns to-day it adjourn to meet at 11 PRIVATE BILJ:.S AND RESOLUTIONS. p'clock em l\fonday. Under clause 1 of Rule XXII, private bills and resolutions l\fr. GARRETT of Tenue see. I withdraw the point of no were introduced and severally referred as follows: quorum for .the present. By Mr. BARKLEY: A bill (H. R. 7690) granting a pension 1\lr. MANN. This is a matter of unanimous consent-- to Burnie M. Rogers; to the Committee on Pensions. 1\Ir. GARRETT of Tennessee. WeH, I object for the present. By Mr. DRANE: A bill (H. R. 7691) authorizing the Secre­ The SPEAKER pro tempore. The gentleman from Tennessee tary of 'Var to donate to the city of Lake 'Vales, Fla., one Ger­ object.· to the consideration of the resolution. The gentleman man cannon or fieldpiece; to the Committee- on Military Af- from :\Iichigan asks unanimous consent that when the House fairs. ' · adjourns to-day it adjourn to meet at 11 o'clock on l\fonday. By l\fr. FULLER: A bill (H. R. 7692) granting a pension to I · there objection? [After a pause.] The Chair hears none. Charlotte E. Rockwell; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. ADJOURNMENT. By l\Ir. HAYS: A bill (H. R. 7693) granting a pension to John Rigdon ; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. 1\Ir. FORDKEY. l\Ir. Speaker, I move that the House do now Also, a bill (H. R. 7694) granting a pension to Martha Mor­ adjourn. row; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. The motion was agreed to; accordingly (at 5 o'clock and 18 By Mr. HOGAN: A bill (H. R. 7695) for the relief of James minutes p. m.) the House adjourned .to meet 1\Ionday, July 11, E. Connors ; to the Committee on Claims. 1921, at 11 o'clock a. m. Also, a bill (H. R. 7696) for the relief of Tony Troncone; to the Committee on Claims. By l\Ir. MUDD: A bill (H. R. 7697) for the relief of John EXECUTIVE COl\fl\fUNICATIONS, ETC. Keretzman; to the Committee on Claims. 190. Under clause 2 of Rule XXIV, a letter from the Secre­ By l\Ir. REECE: A bill (H. R. 7698) granting a pension to tary of 'Var, concurring in the recommendation (lf the Quar­ Lillie Dixon ; to the Committee on Pensions. termaster General and suggesting that authority be granted Also, a bill (H. R. 7699) granting a pension to Solomon Wil­ by Congress for the payment of a pro rata share of $1,800 per liams, sr.; to the Committee on Pensions. annum of the rent of office for Chief of Engineers of the Army Also, a bill (H. R. 7700) for the relief of William H. Nelson; in charge of the park system of tl)_e Distrkt of Columbia, was to the Committee on Military Affairs. taken from the Speaker's table and referred to the Committe2 By Mr. TAYLOR of Tennessee: A bill (H. R. 7701) granting a on Appropriation . pension to D. J. Collins; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. By Mr. TEl\fPLE: A bill (H. R. 7702) granting a pension to Sarah A. Herrick; to the Committee on Pensions. REPORTS OF COl\11\liTTEES ON PUBLIC BILLS A.l~D By Mr. WEAVER: A bill (H. R. 7703) granting a pension to RESOLUTIONS. - James P. Patton; to the Committee on Pension . Under clause 2 of Rule XIII, bills and resolutions were sev­ Also, a bill (H. R. 7704) granting a pension to Will Brown; erally reported from committees, delivered to the Clerk, and to the Committee on Pensions. referred to the several calendars therein named, as follows: l\1r. ZIHLl\1AN, ft·om the Committee on the District of PETITIONS, ETC. Columbia. to which was referred the bill (H. R. 7661) to amend • the act of Congress entitl~d "An act to establish standard Under clause 1 of Rule XXII, petitions and papers were laid weights and measures for the District of Columbia ; to define on the Clerk's desk and referred as follows": the duties of the superintendent of weights, measures, and 1882. By the SPEAKER (by request) : Petition of Oolicia markets of the .District of Columbia, and for other purposes/' Young and 299 others of the eleventh congressional district of approved 1\farch 3, 1921, reported the same without amendment, Missouri; Robert Daly and 58 others of the first congres ional accompanied hy a report (No. 255), which said l>ill and report district of Connecticut; Mrs. T. J. Bell and 59 others of the were referred to the House Calendar. State of North Dakota ; Bernard J. Fahey and 299 others of l\It·. BARKLEY, from the Committee on Interstate and For­ the tenth congressional district of Missouri, urging recognition eign Commerce, to which -n·as referred the bill (H. R. 7208) to of the Irish republic ; to the Committee on Foreign Affairs. eA.'i:end the time for the construction of a bridge across the 1883. Also (by request) , petition of Alex. Albin and otl,~rs Roanoke River in Halifax County, N. C., reported the same with­ of North Dakota, P. W. Cain and 25 others of Kansas, fifth out amendment, accompanied by a report (No. 256), which said congressional dish·ict, urging recognition of the Irish repub­ bill and report were referred to the House Calendar. lic; to the Committee' on Foreign Affairs.

' I

192]. CONGRESSIONAL RECOR.D-SENATE. 3513

1884. By l\lr. APPLEBY: ResolutionS adopted by the New President to collect money due from foreign· cotmtries; to the Jer. ey Pres~ Association, protesting against the repeal of Committee ou Ways and Means. amendment of the zone Jaw for mailing newspapers and magu- 1906. Also, resolutions adopted at a regular meeting of Divi­ 7-ines; to the Committee on the Post Office and Post Roads. sion No.5, _-\.ncient Order of Hibernians, of Montgomery County, 1885. By Mr. BLAND of Virginia: Petition of citizens of Pa., calling upon the President to collect money due from for­ Freuericksburg, Va., opposing tax on cn.rbonated beverages in eign countries; to the Committee on 'Vays and :lleans. clo eu containers; to the Committee on Ways and l\Ieans. 1907. By ::\1r. YATES: Petition of Dr. Elmer Hagler, the 1886. By 1\lr. CHALMERS.: Petition. signed by pastor and Hagler Building, Springfield, Ill., protesting against the ::\Ic­ members of the St. James Evangelical Lutheran Congrega­ Kellar amendment to the Army reorganization bill; to the Com­ tion, of Toledo, Ohio, petitioning Congress of the United States mittee on Military Affairs. to further s-uch action as may be deemed advisable to put an 1908. Also, petition of Henry Eisenhart, Roy E. Gauen, Henry end to atrocities. being ·committed against the womanhood of Schneider, Charles Maey~ and Hugo Bremser, urging a duty of Germany by the black soldiers of the French Republic .now 35 cents per barrel on crude petroleum and fuel oil; to the Com­ occupying German territory; to the Committee on }foreign Af- mittee on Ways and l\Ieans. fairs. • · 1.909. Also, petition of the Rockford Trust and Rockfm·d Xa­ 1887. By Mr. DYER: , Petition of Charles Rippin, commis­ tional Bank, requesting that tax exemption be remo'"ed and ali sioner of the traffic bureau, Merchants' Exchange of St. Louis, things be put on the same fair basis; to the Committee on 'Vays urging the passage of the Robinson bill, in regard to railroad and Means. tariffs; to the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce. 1888. By Mr. FENN : Petition of Commodore Jack Barry Council, American Association for the Recognition of the Irish ·SEN.ATE. Republic, New Britain, Conn., seeking recognition of the .Irish republic and requesting a public hearing; to the Committee on ~10l'-.l).o\Y, July 11, 19t21. Foreign Affairs. The Chaplain. Rev. J. J. Muir, D. D.; offered the following 1889. By Mr .. KAHN: Resolution of the American Legion, prayer: Department of California. opposing the importation and ex­ hibition of German made and other foreign made films in the Om· Father, we rejoice in Thy gracious name. Thou hast ne~er United States, and urging legislation to protect the .American failed the trustful soul Thou hast constantly helped those who in . moving-picture industry; to the Committee on Ways and times of difficulty have turned to Thee, expressed their need, and Means. appropriated Thy fullness. l\Iay we learn more and more that 1890. Also, resolution adopted by the California ·Homeopathic duty when interpreted as prtv:ilege beeomes to us more and more Medical Society, relative · to hospital accommodations for the rela.ted to the thought of doing Thy will heartily. We ask in diseased and disabled o•erseas veterans; to the Committee on Jesus' name. Amen. Interstate and Foreign Oomme1:ce. The reading clerk proceeded to read the Journa.l of the pro­ 1891. By 1\fr. KISSEL.: Petition of the Religious Liberty ceedings of F1iday last, when, on request of ::Ur. ODRTrs, and by League, New York City, urging immediate peace with the unanimous consent, the nu·tber reading was dispensed with and Central Powers, and for other purposes; to the Committee on the Journal was appro\ed. Foreign Affairs. 1892. Also, petition of the Preserved aml Salt Fish Dealers' REPR.I~T OF T..lll.IFF DILL. Association of New York City, regarding tariff on mackerel; A message from the House of Representatives, by ::Ur. O•er• to the Committee ou Ways and Means. hue, its em·olling clerk,. announced that the House had passed a 1893. By Mr. KUNZ: Petition of citizens for recognition of concurrent resolution. (H. Con. Res. 23) providing for the print­ the Lithuanian Go\ernment; to tlle Committee on Foreign ing, as a House document, with an judex, of 15,000 copies of the .Affairs. tariff bill. · 1894. By Mr. LA...L'UPERT: Petition of citizens of Winnebago ::\1r. i\IOSES. :llr. President. I ask the Ohair to lay before the County, Wis., urging upon the President and Congress of the Senate the concurrent resolution just recei\ed from the House Unitoo States that they do tlleir utmost to cooperate with other of RepresentatiYes. nations for the reduction of a rmaments at the earliest pos­ The YICE PHESIDE::\""T laid before the Senate the concurrent sible time; to the Committee on Foreign Affairs. re olution (H. Con. Res. 23), which 'IYas read, a s follows : 1895. By l\Ir. LAYTON: Petition of G. L. Griffith and sun­ Resol -,;cd l;y the Hause of Representatit:cs (tho Senate conettrt'lng). That the bill H. R. 7456, •· To provide revenue, to r egulate comtnerce dry citizens of Delaware., urging the uepeal of section 030 of with foreign countries, to encourage the industries of the United States, the revenue act of 1918; t O> the Committee on Ways and Means. and for other purposes," be printed as a House document, with an index, 189G. By l\fr. RADCLIFFE: Petition of citizens of Paterson, and that 15,000 additional copies be printed, of which 9,000 shaH be for the use of the House, to be dir:.tributed through the folding room, N. J., regarding recognition of Irjsb repuQ,lic ; to the Com­ 4,000 for the Sena.te, 1,000 for the Committee on Ways and Means of mittee on Foreign Affairs. the House, and l ,Ot·esident, I hold in my hand a com­ meetin~ o:f Divif·ioo. No. 1,. Bucks County, Pa.• calling upon the munication from the Plirate Soldiers and SaHors' Legion of

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