EXHIBITION DRAFT Coastal Zone Management Plan for the Shoalhaven Coastline

Prepared by

Umwelt (Australia) Pty Limited

on behalf of

Shoalhaven City Council

Project Director: Pam Dean-Jones

Project Manager: Hineora Braddock

Report No. 2239/RO4_V3 Date: October 2012

PO Box 3024 75 York Street Teralba, NSW 2284

Ph: 02 4950 5322 Fax: 02 4950 5737 Email: [email protected] Website: www.umwelt.com.au CZMP for the Shoalhaven Coastline DRAFT Executive Summary

Executive Summary

Umwelt (Australia) Pty Limited 2239/R04/V3 October 2012 i CZMP for the Shoalhaven Coastline DRAFT Glossary

Glossary

This glossary explains a range of technical or planning terms that are used in the Coastal Zone Management Plan for the Shoalhaven Coastline. The definitions are drawn from several different sources, including the First Pass National Assessment on Climate Change Risks to Australia’s Coast (DCCEE, 2009), definitions in NSW legislation, policy and guidelines (released by Office of Environment and Heritage in 2009, 2010 and 2011) and standard coastal engineering or coastal planning manuals.

Accretion Growth of coastal shorelines by steady Coastal hazard The shoreline and hinterland areas addition of sediments. zone determined to be at risk from coastal erosion or inundation. The zone is divided up as the Adaptation Adjustments in natural or human systems in Zone of Wave Impact and Slope Adjustment response to climate stimuli or their effects, and Zone of reduced foundation capacity for a which moderates harm or exploits given time period. beneficial opportunities. Coastal This is flooding that occurs when waves Adaptive Ability of a system to adjust to climate change inundation overtop the frontal dune system, so that on or capacity (including climate variability and extremes) to landward of low dunes is inundated by sea moderate potential damages, to take water. Some of these areas can also be advantage of opportunities, or to cope with flooded by rising lake waters. High lake water the consequences. levels are influenced by catchment rainfall, Authorised Defined in the current proposed amendments accommodation capacity on local floodplains and the size/capacity of the lake entrance. Location to the NSW Coastal Protection Act as a place that has at least five houses or a public road in Coastal Risk Any coastal area that that is subject to coastal the immediate coastal erosion hazard zone. In Area erosion, inundation or geotechnical hazard the Shoalhaven, Mollymook Beach is currently that has potential to negatively impact people defined as an Authorised Location. or property. Coastal risk areas are generally Average Both of these terms are a measure of the identified in NSW for immediate, 2050 and 2100 planning periods. Recurrence rarity of a rainfall event, but can also be used Interval (ARI) to refer to the rarity of a storm event. The ARI Coastal zone Extends from the continental shelf to as far and annual is the average, or expected, value of the inland as coastal processes (tides, wind-blown exceedence periods between exceedences of a given coast dunes) dominate. The NSW Coastal probability (AEP) rainfall total accumulated over a given Policy defines this as including 3 nautical miles duration. The AEP is the probability that a seaward of the mainland, one kilometre given rainfall total accumulated over a given landward of the open coast high water mark, duration will be exceeded in any one year. one kilometre around the shores of all bays, estuaries, lakes and lagoons and all tidal Bathymetry Refers to the depth of the ocean. A waters upstream to the limit of mangroves. bathymetric chart will show the depths to the For the purposes of this CZMP, the focus is the sea floor (and therefore the shape of the sea floor) at different locations. area affected by coastal processes (waves, tides, currents etc) now and until 2100. Beach A wave deposited accumulation of sediment, Council intends over time to integrate its usually sand, but also cobbles and boulders, management of the broader aspects of the lying between the upper limit of wave swash coastal zone. and extending out across the surf zone to the The physical structures, processes and depth at which average waves can move Coastal patterns associated with the coast, including sediment shoreward. Short (2007) notes that geomorphology landforms, soil and geology and the factors on the high wave energy NSW coast, this that influence them. means that beaches extend seaward to water depths of 15 to 20 metres and as much as 1 to East Coast Lows Intense low pressure systems which occur on 3 kilometres offshore. average several times each year off the east coast of Australia. Severe East Coast Lows Biodiversity The numbers and relative abundances of generate extreme water levels and high waves different genes, species and ecological which drive storm bite erosion. communities in a particular area. Ecological processes or functions having Bluff or cliff Coastal cliffs (especially steep and precipitous Ecosystem monetary or non monetary value to cliffs), steep rock and weathered rock slopes, services individuals or society at large. headlands, indurated and cemented sand coastal slopes. Emergency Any actions taken during an erosion or inundation event to ensure the safety of Climate Climate in a narrow sense is usually defined as response people and property. ‘average weather’. The usual period for calculating the ‘average’ is 30 years. El Nino southern Refers to widespread two to seven year Climate A projection of future climate based on oscillation oscillations in atmospheric pressure, ocean temperatures and rainfall associated with El projection simulation by climate models. (ENSO) Nino (the warming of the oceans in the equatorial eastern and central pacific) and its opposite, La Nina. Over much of Australia La Generally used, with ‘coastline’, to refer to the Coast Nina brings above average rain and El Nino actual shoreline where the sea meets the land. brings drought. A common measure is the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) which is the

Umwelt (Australia) Pty Limited 2239/R04/V3 October 2012 ii CZMP for the Shoalhaven Coastline DRAFT Glossary

normalised mean sea level pressure difference Storm tide The total elevated sea level height at the coast between Tahiti and Darwin. The SOI is positive above a datum during a storm, combining during La Nina and negative during El Nino storm surge and the predicted tide height. events. Sustainability Development that meets the needs of the Exposure Refers to the elements of risk which are present without compromising the ability of subject to the impact of a hazard. future generations to meet their own needs. Flood hazard A hazard associated with inundation. Flood Ecologically sustainable development is hazard generally refers to flooding associated consistent with intergenerational equity, with storm water systems, rivers and conservation of ecological functions and estuaries. services, proper valuation of social, cultural, environmental and economic assets. Geotechnical Refers to the processes that drive landslides and poor structural integrity of rocks and soils. processes Trigger point Within an adaptive coastal risk management Landslides are defined as the movement of a strategy, certain circumstances will trigger a mass of rock, debris or earth (soil) down a change of management response. A number slope. The definition includes landslides, slips, of trigger points can be used, individually or in slumps, rock falls and topples. combination (cumulative risk), including the Greenhouse An increase in the temperature of the earth’s proximity of the erosion scarp to existing effect surface caused by trapping of heat by development, the asset life of infrastructure or greenhouse gases (i.e. gases that absorb and Council’s capacity (technical and financial) to re-emit infrared (heat) radiation. Carbon maintain functional community infrastructure dioxide and methane are both greenhouse such as sewerage and storm water systems. gases). Rising sea level will, over time, reduce the functionality of storm water systems draining Hazard A source of potential harm or a situation with to the sea or lake system, so that water backs a potential to cause loss. It may also be up and flood risk increases, and it has the referred to as a potential or existing condition potential to cause excessive infiltration of that may cause harm to people or damage to sewer systems or to erode pumping stations. property or the environment.

Littoral In coastal environments, the littoral zone Uncertainty An expression of the degree to which a value extends from the high water mark to areas (such as the future state of the climate permanently submerged. system) is unknown. Uncertainty can result from a lack of information or from Mitigation Refers to those response strategies that disagreement about what is known or should reduce the sources of green house gases or be known. enhance their sinks. Vulnerability Degree to which a system is susceptible to or Resilience The ability of a social or ecological system to unable to cope with adverse effects of stresses absorb disturbances while retaining the same such as invasive species, changes to hydrology, basic infrastructure and ways of functioning, land clearing, all of which may be exacerbated the capacity for self organisation and the by climate change, including climate variability capacity to adapt to stress and change. and extreme weather events. Vulnerability is a function of the character, magnitude and the Risk and Risk Risk is calculated as a product of probability rate of change and variation to which a system (likelihood) and consequence of a hazard Management is exposed, its sensitivity and its adaptive occurring. Risk management involves capacity. understanding all aspects of an activity that may have unanticipated consequences and Wave run up The ultimate height reached by waves (storm determining which are the significant and or tsunami) after running up the beach or unacceptable risks. The process helps identify coastal barrier. priority actions that need to be undertaken to ensure that important values are maintained. Wave set up The super elevation in water level across the The Australian Standard for risk assessment surf zone caused by the energy expended by and management has adopted ISO 31000 breaking waves. (2009). Zone of Wave The immediate hazard or ‘storm bite’ that is at Impact and risk during a storm. These are the areas a) Sea level rise An increase in the mean level of the ocean. Slope seaward of the erosion escarpment and b) the Eustatic sea level rise is a change in global Adjustment part of the eroded dune which may be average sea level brought about by an increase affected by slumping to its natural angle of in the volume of the world ocean (by warming repose after a storm event. the water – thermal expansion, or by melting of ice caps). Relative sea level rise occurs Zone of reduced When extreme scour occurs on the beach face, where there is a local increase of the level of foundation the outer part of the dune has reduced load the ocean relative to the level of the land, capacity bearing capacity. which might be due to ocean rise or to subsidence of the land. In areas subject to rapid uplift, relative sea level can fall without a change in ocean volume. Storm surge Elevated sea level at the coast caused by the combined influence of low pressure and high winds associated with a severe storm such as a tropical cyclone. Includes wave runup and wave set up.

Umwelt (Australia) Pty Limited 2239/R04/V3 October 2012 iii CZMP for the Shoalhaven Coastline DRAFT Abbreviations

Abbreviations

BOM Bureau of Meteorology

CERMP Coastal Emergency Response Management Plan

CSIRO Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation

CZMPS Coastal Zone Management Plan for the Coastline of Shoalhaven City Council

DCC Department of Climate Change (Australian Government)

DCCEE Department of Climate Change and Energy Efficiency (Australian Government)

DECCW Department of Environment, Climate Change and Water (NSW) (now Office of Environment and Heritage)

DoP Department of Planning (NSW); now the Department of Planning and Infrastructure

DP&I Department of Planning and Infrastructure (NSW) (formerly the Department of Planning)

DPI Department of Primary Industries. Relevant sections of the former Land and property Management Authority are now located within the Department of Primary Industries

DSEWPC Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities

DTIRIS Department of Trade and Investment, Regional Infrastructure and Services

EEC Endangered Ecological Community

SRCMA Southern Rivers Catchment Management Authority

I&I NSW Department of Industry and Investment (NSW, includes Agriculture, Fisheries, Tourism and Mineral Resources)

IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

LGSA Local Government and Shires Association

LiDAR Light Detection and Ranging

L&PMA Land and Property Management Authority. Relevant sections are now within the Department of Primary Industries

SCRS South Coast Regional Strategy

OEH Office of Environment and Heritage, within Department of Premier and Cabinet. OEH includes most of the functions formerly the responsibility of the Department of Environment, Climate Change and Water

ROC Regional Organisation of Councils

SEPP State Environmental Planning Policy

SECFMC Shoalhaven Estuary, Coastline and Floodplain Management Committee

SCC Shoalhaven City Council

References

A full list of references used in the preparation of the CZMPS is included in Appendix 1. Council will maintain a library of relevant reference material as new coastal science, coastal risk and coastal management studies become available.

Umwelt (Australia) Pty Limited 2239/R04/V3 October 2012 iv CZMP for the Shoalhaven Coastline DRAFT Coastal Reforms

Coastal Reforms in NSW

In September 2012, the NSW Government announced the first stage of reforms to the Coastal Protection Act, Regulations and policies relating to the management of the coast. In particular, the government has announced that the previous NSW Sea Level Rise Planning Benchmark Policy, of 40cm above 1990 levels by 2050 and 90cm above 1990 levels by 2100, is no longer NSW Government policy. When the new Bill has passed through Parliament, local councils may be able to set sea level rise planning parameters that are not tied to a state-wide benchmark. The government has announced that the Office of Environment and Heritage (OEH) will provide technical advice to local councils about appropriate sea level rise parameters for their local area. In the interim, the sea level rise parameters that were incorporated in the previous benchmark policy are the most up to date advice available to councils from the NSW Government. The NSW Chief Scientist has confirmed that these benchmark parameters are reasonable.

This draft Coastal Zone Management Plan for the Shoalhaven coastline addresses immediate coastal hazards and longer term coastal hazards that are based on the current best advice about sea level rise parameters from the NSW Government. This is 40cm above 1990 levels by 2050 and 90cm above 1990 levels by 2100. When new sea level rise parameters are available for the Shoalhaven coastline, the CZMP and related land use planning documents will be revised to be consistent with the best available advice from the NSW Government.

Wherever the draft CZMP refers to the NSW Sea Level Rise Planning Benchmark Policy (2009), of 40cm above 1990 levels by 2050 and 90cm above 1990 levels by 2100, readers should take this to mean that Council is applying the current best technical advice that it has received from the NSW Government about sea level rise parameters.

The recent coastal zone management reforms also propose new requirements for the placement of emergency protection structures to protect private property from coastal erosion. It is likely that coastal protection opportunities will be extended. New regulations and technical guidance about coastal protection works will be incorporated into the Shoalhaven CZMP as they become available.

For more information, go to http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/coasts/stage1coastreforms.htm

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Compliance Information

The CZMPS is prepared in accordance with the statutory requirements set out in the NSW Guidelines for the Preparation of Coastal Zone Management Plans (DECCW, 2010) and the Coastal Protection Act 1979 (amongst other key pieces of legislation, policies and guidelines). The follow table is a guide where the relevant information relating to the guidelines and CPA 1979 is located within the Plan.

This information will be updated when the NSW Government updates the relevant legislation, regulation and policies.

Requirements from the Guidelines for Where within this report? How this relates Preparing CZMPs (DECCW, 2010) to the CPA 1979? The CZMP must How the relevant Coastal Section 1.2.3 presents the Coastal 55D(1) - contain a Management Principles Management Principles and the project preparing a draft description of: have been considered in objectives that have been developed to Plan in preparing the Plan ensure each principle is addressed accordance with the Ministers guidelines The community and The consultation and engagement 55E and F- stakeholder consultation processes are noted in Section 2.3. public process, the key issues Council has consulted with the consultation and raised and how they have community about coastal management consideration of been considered issues over a period of 5 years, including submissions web based information, community meetings and briefings in multiple locations and a previous exhibition of the draft Plan. There have been ongoing briefings and workshops with the SECFMC. A further exhibition is proposed in 2012. How the proposed Section 2 shows how hazards and risks 55C(1) d,e,f management options were identified management of were identified, the Section 3 notes how options were hazards and risks process followed to identified following on from the hazard evaluate the management studies risk assessments. options, and the outcomes Council commissioned a separate risk of the process assessment study (BMT WBM 2011) to analyse risks and propose appropriate risk mitigation strategies. The CZMP must Proposed funding Section 1.5 looks at funding options and 55C(1) g - contain arrangements for all monetary responsibilities funding proposed actions, including any responsibilities management private sector funding for works actions over Actions to be Sections 4 and 5 note each of the actions, 55D(1) - the CZMPs implemented through the lead agency responsible and whether preparing a draft implementation other statutory plans and changes to statutory plans, zoning or Plan in period in a processes policies will be required accordance with prioritised the Ministers implementation guidelines schedule which Actions to be carried out Sections 4 and 5 note each of the actions, Section 55C(2) b contains: by a public authority or the lead agency responsible and whether relating to land or other changes to statutory plans, zoning or assets it owns or manages, policies will be required where the authority has agreed to these actions

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Requirements from the Guidelines for Where within this report? How this relates Preparing CZMPs (DECCW, 2010) to the CPA 1979? Proposed actions to Strategy 7 proposes methods of adaptive 55D(1) - monitor and report to the management and methods to preparing a draft community on the plans communicate monitoring results Plan in implementation, and a accordance with review timetable the Ministers guidelines CZMPs are to Evaluating potential Actions are included under key strategic 55D(1) - be prepared management options by themes and are presented in Sections 4 preparing a draft using a process considering social, and 5. A detailed evaluation of a wide Plan in that includes: economic and range of potential management options is accordance with environmental factors, to included in the 2009 draft of the SCZMP the Minister’s identify realistic and and is not repeated in this document. guidelines affordable actions Consulting with the local The exhibition period of the Plan will be 55E (a)(b) - community and other at the discretion of Council, however will public relevant stakeholders. The be longer than the 21 days required. consultation minimum consultation Submissions made during the exhibition requirement is to publicly will be reviewed and discussed with the exhibit a draft plan for not SECFMC before the final draft of the less than 21 days, with CZMP is prepared. notice of the exhibition An Emergency Action Plan was exhibited arrangements included in with the previous draft CZMP. a local newspaper. Discussions about potential Authorised Locations in the Shoalhaven LGA are ongoing and will affect the scope of the Emergency Action Plan. Considering all Initial comments from stakeholders have 55F (1)(2)(3) - submissions made during been considered and addressed during submissions the consultation period. the Plan update process. After the Plan The draft plan may be goes on public exhibition any further amended as a result of submissions will be considered and these submissions. incorporated where necessary CZMPs are to achieve a reasonable balance between any potentially conflicting uses of the 55F (1)(2)(3) - coastal zone submissions

Umwelt (Australia) Pty Limited 2239/R04/V3 October 2012 vii CZMP for the Shoalhaven Coastline DRAFT TOC

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Looking for information about the coast?

The Coastal Zone Management Plan for the Shoalhaven City Coastline (CZMPS), Volume 1, sets out how Council proposes to manage coastal hazards and risks over the next ten years. It also sets out how Council will manage safe and enjoyable community access for coastal recreation and how Council will work with partners to protect the very high ecological values of the Shoalhaven coastal landscape. The CZMPS provides an introduction to the factors that must be taken into account when planning for the use and protection of a dynamic landscape. It discusses how Council has made decisions about management priorities and how it will review progress as it implements the CZMPS with partner organisations. Details about the science that underpins the CZMPS and about the studies, consultation and evaluation processes that have been completed are in Volume 2. Volume 2 also contains information about the regulations and policies that guide coastal zone management in NSW. Further information about coastal zone management is on Council’s web site, www.shoalhaven.nsw.gov.au/Environment/Coastlineandwaterways.aspx

CZMP for the Shoalhaven Coastline (Volume 1)

1.0 A cared for coastal landscape: Introducing the Shoalhaven Coastal Zone Management Plan ...... 1.1 1.1 Background ...... 1.1 1.2 About this Plan ...... 1.4 1.2.1 Purpose and Scope ...... 1.5 1.2.2 Shoalhaven’s Future Coast ...... 1.6 1.2.3 Coastal Management Principles and Objectives ...... 1.6 1.3 Council’s Strategic Approach to Coastal Zone Management ...... 1.7 1.3.1 How does Adaptive Management Work?...... 1.8 1.4 Timeframes for Action ...... 1.9 1.4.1 Who will deliver action on the coast? ...... 1.9 1.5 Who pays for Coastal Zone Management? ...... 1.10 1.5.1 Funding Options ...... 1.10 1.6 The Top Ten Management Actions...... 1.11

2.0 Coastal Hazards and Risks...... 2.1 2.1 Processes acting at different time scales ...... 2.1 2.1.1 Long term trends in climate and Sea Level Rise ...... 2.1 2.2 Studies of coastal hazards and risks ...... 2.3 2.2.1 Risk Analysis ...... 2.5 2.2.2 Results of the Risk Assessment ...... 2.6 2.3 Understanding community values, concerns and issues ...... 2.12 2.3.1 Some characteristics of the Shoalhaven coastal community ...... 2.12 2.3.2 Community engagement during Plan preparation...... 2.12 2.3.3 What the community said about the coast ...... 2.13 2.4 Coastal Resilience Issues ...... 2.15

3.0 Choosing the right actions to care for the coast ...... 3.1

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4.0 Taking action to care for the Shoalhaven Coast ...... 4.1 4.1 Strategies and Actions to care for the whole Shoalhaven Coast ...... 4.3 Strategy 1: Move towards fully integrated management of risks to coastal zone values – open coast, coastal lakes and estuarine waterways ...... 4.3 Strategy 2: Engage local communities and government partners in coastal management .... 4.4 Strategy 3: Implement planning system controls for areas with high and extreme coastal risks4.6 Strategy 4: Protect coastal biodiversity and healthy coastal ecosystems ...... 4.8 Strategy 6: Incorporate coastal risks in planning for replacement or upgrade of public assets4.11 Strategy 7: Implement adaptive management procedures to reduce uncertainty and maintain best practice ...... 4.13

5.0 Actions for local communities ...... 5.1 5.1 Strategies and Actions to care for Local Areas along the Shoalhaven Coast 5.1 Strategy 8: Caring for the Coast – Shoalhaven Heads, Culburra and Crookhaven Bight Local Area ...... 5.2 Strategy 9: Caring for the Coast – Warrain Beach, Penguin Head and Lake Wollumboola ..... 5.7 Strategy 10: Caring for the Coast – Jervis Bay Marine Park Area ...... 5.11 Strategy 11: Caring for the Coast – Central Shoalhaven: ...... 5.23 Strategy 12: Caring for the Coast – Narrawallee Beach, Bannister Headland and Mollymook5.28 Strategy 13: Caring for the Coast – Ulladulla ...... 5.34 Strategy 14: Caring for the Coast – Burrill Lake and Lake Tabourie ...... 5.39 Strategy 15: Caring for the Coast – Southern Beaches ...... 5.42

6.0 Integrated implementation schedule ...... 6.1 6.1 Alignment with Agency Programs ...... 6.1 6.2 Priorities for Implementation ...... 6.2 6.3 Implementation Schedules ...... 6.2

FIGURES

1.1 Shoalhaven Coastal Zone (note, this figure also shows the hazard areas ref. Section 2.3) ...... 1.2 1.2 Knowledge of science and values – working together in the management of the Shoalhaven coastal zone ...... 1.3 1.3 Planning framework for the coastal zone ...... 1.4 1.4 Steps towards understanding and managing coastal risks and mitigation measures ...... 1.5 1.5 Framework for adaptive management of coastal risks and four focus areas ...... 1.7 1.6 Four key considerations in effective adaptive coastal zone management...... 1.9 2.1 Global average mean sea level (CSIRO, 2012) ...... 2.2 2.2 The rate of sea-level rise around Australia measured by coastal tide gauges (circles) and satellite observations (contours) from January 1993 to December 2011 (CSIRO, 2012) ...... 2.2 2.3 Terms used in assessing coastal hazards (Neilson et. al., 1992) ...... 2.3 2.4 Coastal processes, hazards and risks determine management priorities for the Shoalhaven coast .. 2.8 3.1 Linking vision to action...... 3.1 4.1 How various area wide, local area and estuary strategies and plans will combine within Council’s coastal framework to ensure comprehensive coastal management going forward...... 4.2 5.1 Local Area Strategies provide additional local detail about how the whole of coastline strategies will be implemented as well as providing an integrated view of management for the local area ...... 5.1 5.2 Proposed Areas for Development Control Shoalhaven Heads ...... 5.5 5.3 Proposed Areas for Development Control Culburra Beach ...... 5.6

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5.4 Development Control for Geotechnical Hazards Penguin Head and Culburra Beach ...... 5.9 5.5 Proposed Areas for Development Control Warrain Beach...... 5.10 5.6 Proposed Areas for Development Control Currarong Beach...... 5.13 5.7 Proposed Areas for Development Control Callala Beach ...... 5.14 5.8 Proposed Areas for Development Control Collingwood Beach ...... 5.15 5.9 Development Control for Geotechnical Hazards Plantation Point ...... 5.16 5.10 Development Control for Geotechnical Hazards Hyams Point ...... 5.17 5.11 Concept design of works at Callala Bay ...... 5.21 5.12 Zoning of Jervis Bay Marine Park (source Marine Parks Authority) ...... 5.21 5.13 Development Control for Geotechnical Hazards Berrara Bluff...... 5.26 5.14 Development Control for Geotechnical Hazards Inyadda Point ...... 5.27 5.15 Proposed Areas for Development Control Narrawallee Beach ...... 5.31 5.16 Development Control for Geotechnical Hazards Bannisters Point ...... 5.32 5.17 Proposed Areas for Development Control Mollymook Beach ...... 5.33 5.18 Proposed Areas for Development Control Collers Beach ...... 5.36 5.19 Development Control for Geotechnical Hazards Collers Headland ...... 5.37 5.20 Development Control for Geotechnical Hazards Rennies Beach ...... 5.38 5.21 Development Control for Geotechnical Hazards Racecourse Beach ...... 5.41

TABLES

1.1 Applying Coastal Zone Management Principles ...... 1.6 1.2 Risk Management Options ...... 1.7 1.3 Top Ten Management Actions ...... 1.11 2.1 Coastal Hazard Zone Descriptions ...... 2.4 2.2 Likelihood Scale for Coastal Risk Assessment, Shoalhaven Coastline ...... 2.5 2.3 Extreme Risks, 2050 and 2100, Unmitigated and Mitigated (with existing management) ...... 2.6 2.4 Groups consulted about the Shoalhaven Coast...... 2.13 2.5 Community input about the Coastal Zone ...... 2.14 2.6 Summary of Community Use, Access and Ecological Resilience Issues ...... 2.15 3.1 Types of options available to manage risks to existing development – Buildings and Infrastructure ...... 3.2 3.2 Types of options available to manage risks to new development – Buildings and Infrastructure ..... 3.3 4.1 Strategy 1 Actions ...... 4.3 4.2 Strategy 2 Actions ...... 4.4 4.3 Strategy 3 Actions ...... 4.6 4.4 Strategy 4 Actions ...... 4.8 4.5 Strategy 5 Actions ...... 4.10 4.6 Strategy 6 Actions ...... 4.11 4.7 Strategy 7 Actions ...... 4.13 6.1 Actions that are a Continuation of Present Management and the Implementation Partners ...... 6.1 6.2 Actions in the short term (0-2 years) ranked by priority (1: highest, 2: medium, 3: low) ...... 6.3 6.3 Actions for years 2 to 5 ranked by priority within this time period (1 highest, 2 medium, 3 lower) 6.17 6.4 Actions proposed for beyond year 5 after the adoption of the CZMPS ...... 6.32

APPENDICES and SUPPORTING INFORMATION (Volume 2)

Appendix 1 - References Appendix 2 - Hazard Study (SMEC), Geotechnical Hazards (SMEC) Appendix 3 - Shoalhaven Public Asset Coastal Risk Management Review (BMT WBM) Appendix 4 - Estuary Health Cards & Report Appendix 5 - Councils Interim Policy - Areas of Coastal Management & Fact Sheet 25 - Coastal Planning Risk Appendix 6 - Emergency Action Subplan (To be included in a later revision) Appendix 7 - Additional Technical & Remediation Design Documents Appendix 8 - Status of the Shoalhaven Flood Program (http://www.shoalhaven.nsw.gov.au/Environment/Floodrisk/Floodprogram.aspx)

Umwelt (Australia) Pty Limited 2239/R04/V3 October 2012 x CZMP for the Shoalhaven Coastline DRAFT Introduction

Section 1 – A cared for coastal landscape: Introducing the Shoalhaven Coastal Zone Management Plan In this section: Purpose and scope of the CZMP 1.0The Shoalhaven A cared coastal zone for coastal landscape: Introducing the Shoalhaven CZMP framework,Coastal adaptive Zone management Management and broad Plan funding options

1.1 Background

The coastal landscape of Shoalhaven City Council is a treasured natural, social and economic asset for the community. The coastal zone extends 165 km along the NSW south coast, from Shoalhaven Heads to North Durras. It includes 35 open coast beaches, bays and headlands, the Shoalhaven River estuary, 14 coastal lakes and numerous small coastal creeks. Figure 1.1 shows the extent of the Shoalhaven coastal zone. The open coast and coastal waterways are set within catchments that extend to the coastal escarpment of the Great Dividing Range. A string of small coastal communities is situated to capture beautiful coastal views and access to the coast, at the mouths of coastal lakes, on coastal dunes and adjacent headlands, around the white beaches of Jervis Bay and around old river crossings. The community enjoys and benefits from the natural values of a healthy coastal zone every day. Shoalhaven City Council (SCC) manages 320 beach access ways, patrolled beaches and three surf clubs, many picnic areas, natural reserves, roads and water and sewerage infrastructure along the open coast. These assets and services support the community’s enjoyment of the coast. Figure 1.2 shows the different landscape elements – beaches, dunes, lakes, estuaries and catchments fitting together in the coastal landscape and how management of the coastal zone draws on knowledge about coastal systems and the values of local communities.

Integrated and sustainable management of the coastal zone is a high priority for Council. Healthy coastal systems that are enjoyed by local residents and visitors are an objective for all sections of Council and support multiple other Council objectives for the community. Coastal zone management is linked to Council’s key strategies for its communities. A Coastal Zone Management Plan (CZMP) that is adopted by Council and certified by the Minister for the Environment will provide a legal framework for future land use decisions along the open coast. Council services and programs which are informed by plans for the coastal zone include:  land use planning through the Local Environment Plan (LEP) and Development Control Plan (DCP);  asset management;  water and sewerage reticulation services;  biodiversity protection and invasive species control;  recreation planning and community development;  tourism and economic development. Council’s objectives and work in the coastal zone are influenced by and interact with a broader suite of state and regional legislation, policies, programs and plans. Council works with a range of government and community partners to prepare and implement plans that have consistent objectives for the values of the coastal zone landscape. Figure 1.3 shows how the Coastal Zone Management Plan for the Shoalhaven Coastline (CZMPS) fits within the broader Council and regional planning and management framework for the coastal zone. Council is the lead organisation for several plans which focus on managing risks associated with communities living within dynamic coastal zone landscapes. These plans include:  The Coastal Zone Management Plan for the Shoalhaven Coastline - how Council manages coastal hazards and risks (this plan).  Estuary Management Plans for estuaries and coastal lakes - how Council protects healthy estuaries and lakes.  Entrance management strategies for coastal lakes - when and why Council will open a lake entrance.  Flood risk management plans for coastal lakes and rivers - how Council works with communities to avoid or reduce flood risks.

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The Shoalhaven coastline is long, with many separate lakes, estuaries, floodplains and open coast embayments. A suite of scientific studies, hazard assessments, management plans and monitoring programs for individual waterways guides progress towards healthy coastal systems that support prosperous, engaged communities. Many studies and plans have been completed and are being implemented now. Others are in preparation. Others are approaching a review which will assess how well they are meeting their objectives. This ongoing review and update process means Council and communities can adapt plans to the best available knowledge of natural processes and community needs.

Figure 1.1 – Shoalhaven Coastal Zone (note, this figure also shows the hazard areas ref. Section 2.3)

Umwelt (Australia) Pty Limited 2239/R04/V3 October 2012 1.2 CZMP for the Shoalhaven Coastline DRAFT Introduction

Coastal landscapes continually change responding to the dominant natural forces of wind, waves, rainfall and tides. Our understanding of how these beach and estuary systems operate within natural dynamics is improving. Our management needs to recognise how we can adapt and minimise community risk and environmental impact. Coastal Zone Management in NSW now integrates estuary and open coast management planning directions. The CZMPS for the open coast complements and, over time, will be fully integrated with plans for coastal lakes and estuaries.

Estuaries Community Values of the Beaches and Headlands Coast The NSW south-east coast region has Shoalhaven has long sandy barrier beaches, rocky three main Estuary Types:  Knowledge of coastal pocket beaches. Wave height varies (0.5 m to  Wave dominated barrier estuaries processes and systems 1.6 m+) with beach orientation and protection by  Wave dominated Deltas  Certainty about planning offshore reefs. Many of the open coast beaches have one or two offshore bars and are rip  Coastal Lagoons requirements http://www.ozcoasts.org.au/conceptua  Safe pedestrian access to dominated. The height and extent of coastal l_mods/geomorphic/wde/wde.jsp beaches, headlands and rock dunes is also linked to embayment orientation, wave approach and exposure to strong south Estuary flood plains are areas that are platforms easterly winds, as well as the very long term inundated by both catchment runoff  Safe boating access geomorphic evolution of the coast. For instance and by oceanic waters (tides and wave  Safe vehicle access at selected the well sorted, white sands forming beaches in overtopping of dunes). Many homes locations Jervis Bay are very old wind-blown sand deposits, and services are currently located in  Healthy coastal vegetation sorted during periods of lower sea level. flood risk areas around estuaries. communities http://www.ozcoasts.org.au/conceptual_mods/be Flood risks are partly managed by  Views across coastal aches/wdb.jsp entrance management strategies for waterways

coastal lakes.  Stable coastal landforms  Facilities for families to enjoy Coastal Risk Management the coast – as residents, long The Shoalhaven’s coastal urban areas have been, term holiday makers or and will continue to be, exposed to the impacts of occasional visitors Estuary Health Monitoring coastal hazards. These hazards include: beach  Residential areas near beaches erosion; shoreline recession; coastal entrance and coastal waterways Healthy estuarine systems provide instability; sand drift; coastal inundation; storm multiple services to the environment and How are these values and water erosion; slope instability; and climate to coastal communities. change. satisfaction with Council’s The Monitoring Evaluation and Reporting coastal zone management The CZMPS focuses on managing risks associated (MER) strategy was developed to form a recorded? with these hazards. consistent program of ‘indicators’ for a Managing other coastal values  state-wide assessment of ecological Engagement with area groups The CZMPS is also about protecting the resilience condition of estuary systems. and Council’s Coast, Estuary and functions of coastal ecosystems on a changing and Floodplain Risk Committee Core indicators include: coastline.  Community surveys  Chlorophyll a (measuring microalgae Monitoring and reporting on coastal health  abundance), turbidity and standard Joint Council and community Council monitors the condition of beach access water quality parameters (including projects such as Landcare ways. There is no formal monitoring program for the health of coastal dunes along the Shoalhaven salinity, temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen) coast at this time.

 DO level is critical to aquatic life with low values causing fish kills  Nutrient such as Nitrogen and Phosphorus track catchment inputs from erosion or land use  Habitat mapping measures seagrass, mangroves and salt marsh communities  Fecal Coliforms indicate sewerage pollution and is critical information for oyster producers and recreation. http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/soc/stat eofthecatchmentsreport.htm The MER strategy collects monitoring information from representative sites in estuaries and coastal lakes. The physical Erosion at Collingwood Beach and ecological monitoring results are combined into an estuary health score for the system, like a school report. Scores range from D (needs a lot of improvement) to A (a healthy system functioning well).

Figure 1.2 – Knowledge of science and values – working together in the management of the Shoalhaven coastal zone

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State Legislation and Policy These specify what Council must do Coastal Protection Act and NSW Coastal Policy State Emergency and Rescue Management Act Environmental Planning and Assessment Act Fisheries Management Act Local Government Act Marine Parks Act, Threatened Species Conservation Act National Parks and Wildlife Act Environment Protection & Biodiversity Conservation Act (EPBC Act) (Commonwealth legislation)

Regional Scale Strategies and Plans These set broad regional objectives and priorities Southern Rivers Catchment Action Plan (SRCMA) South Coast Regional Strategy (DP&I) Shoalhaven Council Community Strategic Plan (SCC) South Coast Regional Biodiversity Strategy (OEH)

Local scale and issue specific plans – coastal zone These set out how objectives will be achieved effectively and efficiently

This Plan: CZMPS Estuary Management Plans* – Estuary Entrance Management Strategies Focus on the open coast- Health Lead by Council Lead by Council Lead by Council

Flood Risk Management Plans Local Environmental Plan and Plans of Management and Master Lead by Council Development Control Plan Plans for National Parks, State Parks Lead by Council and Coastal Reserves Lead by OEH, DPI (Lands)

Council Asset Management Plan Shoalhaven Emergency Risk Shoalhaven Tourism Strategy Lead by Council Management Report and Mitigation Report, DISPLAN (lead by SES) and Emergency Action Subplan (lead by Council)

*Estuary management plans are now an integral part of coastal zone management and have to be developed in accordance with the NSW guidelines for developing coastal zone management plans. Estuary Health Cards are included in Appendix 4. The NSW Coastal Protection Act is currently under review, with a Bill to go to Parliament in late 2012.

Figure 1.3 – Planning framework for the coastal zone

1.2 About this Plan

The Coastal Zone Management Plan for the Shoalhaven City Council coastline (CZMPS) focuses on how Council will manage issues along the open coast in partnership with local communities and government stakeholders. The landforms of the open coast are beaches, dunes, headlands and lake or creek entrances. The Plan is prepared specifically in accordance with:

 the requirements of Part 4A of the Coastal Protection Act 1979, the objectives of the NSW Coastal Policy 1997 and the NSW Sea Level Rise Policy Statement (2009);  requirements of the NSW Guidelines for the preparation of Coastal Zone Management Plans (2010);  requirements of Council under the Local Government Act 1994 (such as a Community Strategic Plan) and the liability provisions of Section 733 of the Act.

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1.2.1 Purpose and Scope

The CZMPS is mainly designed to manage coastal risks. Coastal risks derive from the interaction of coastal processes and the values and assets of the coastal landscape. Coastal processes such as waves, currents, tides and strong winds create hazards such as storm bite erosion of beaches and dunes, medium to long term recession of the beach and dune system, and slope instability on cliffs and bluffs. Figure 1.4 shows the steps in preparing a coastal zone management plan.

A coastal erosion risk zone is an area which is impacted by coastal hazards now, or is projected to be impacted by coastal hazards in the foreseeable future. When assessing coastal risks, a plan must consider the impacts of projected climate change and sea level rise for the period to 2100. Higher risks occur when an impact is more likely and when the land which will be impacted has assets of high value located on it.

In addition to risks driven by the impact of coastal processes on built assets, the CZMPS provides strategic direction about important natural values and community uses:

 pressures on the ecological health of beaches, coastal dunes and headlands  appropriate locations and facilities to support and encourage community use of the coast. Science, community values and sound decision making processes all contribute to a plan for a safe and healthy coastline, where risks are managed effectively.

Coastal process assessments Scientific studies Include community observations of coastal processes and events

Scientific and Coastal hazards engineering studies Consult with community about historical impacts and future hazards

Scientific studies and Coastal values and condition: consult with community about how they use and community value the coast. Potential involvement in condition assessment. engagement

• engagemen

Standardisedt risk Coastal risks. Likelihood and consequence, including built, natural and social evaluation values.

Stakeholder Coastal management objectives engagement and Coastal management strategies – scoping appropriate strategic approaches decision support processes

Transparent Options appraisal and determination of preferred options Appraisal of Options Consultation with SECFMC about evaluation process and outcomes

Implementation schedule, costings and responsibilities: integrating the CZMP Implementation with Council business systems. Partner approvals. Review processes.

Figure 1.4 – Steps towards understanding and managing coastal risks and mitigation measures

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1.2.2 Shoalhaven’s Future Coast

Council’s vision for the coast describes a coastal landscape where communities and Council work together to maintain a healthy, safe and productive coastal landscape.

Council’s Vision for the Coast

A cared-for coastal landscape

Shoalhaven City Council and the communities along the city’s coastline will care for coastal landscapes in ways that protect the beauty and productivity of the sea, the shoreline, healthy coastal waterways and coastal ecosystems, so

that future generations continue to be refreshed and inspired by their experience of the coast.

To achieve this vision, Council has set objectives and targets to continue to improve:  Coastal hazard identification and risk management;  Protection of the natural environment and coastal biodiversity;  Scenic outlooks, community access and appropriate recreational facilities;  Efficiency and effectiveness of coastal zone management; and  Social and economic wellbeing of coastal communities.

1.2.3 Coastal Management Principles and Objectives

SCC has adopted the ten coastal zone management principles set out in the NSW Guidelines for Preparing Coastal Zone Management Plans (DECCW, 2010). The principles are set out in Table 1.1, together with Council’s objectives for the CZMPS.

Table 1.1 – Applying Coastal Zone Management Principles

Coastal Zone Management Principles CZMPS Objectives (DECCW, 2010) Consider the objects of the Coastal Protection Act 1979 Maintain natural systems and processes to maintain or and the goals, objectives and principles of the NSW improve the health and diversity of natural systems. Coastal Policy 1997 and the NSW Sea Level Policy Give effect to all relevant NSW legislation and policy, as Statement 2009. applied in the Shoalhaven context. Optimise the links between plans relating to the Manage all coastal systems in an integrated manner that management of the coastal zone. recognises the links between catchment, lake, estuary and open coast processes. Align the CZMPS with Council’s estuary and catchment plans, with the planning system and with Council’s Community Strategic Plan. Involve the community in decision making and make Keep the Shoalhaven community informed about the coastal information publicly available. health of coastal systems and changes to coastal processes and landforms, in response to natural process and management responses. Base decisions on the best available information and Manage the coastal zone adaptively, with a clear process reasonable practice; acknowledge the interrelationships for modifying management approaches as new knowledge between catchment, estuarine and coastal processes; becomes available. adopt a continuous improvement approach. The priority of public expenditure is public benefit. Public Invest in effective and efficient strategies to achieve expenditure should cost effectively achieve the best positive natural, social, cultural and economic outcomes practical long term outcomes. within Council’s responsibilities.

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Coastal Zone Management Principles CZMPS Objectives (DECCW, 2010) Adopt a risk management approach to managing risks to Plan land use and undertake land management to take public safety and assets; adopt a risk management natural systems and processes into account, so that risks hierarchy involving avoiding risks where feasible and from coastal hazards are minimised. This includes hazards mitigation where risks cannot be reasonably avoided; associated with currently active processes and changes adopt interim actions to manage high risks while long term due to climate change and sea level rise over longer time options are implemented. frames. Adopt an adaptive risk management approach if risks are As above. expected to increase over time, or to accommodate uncertainty in risk predictions. Maintain the condition of high value coastal ecosystems; Maintain natural systems and processes to maintain or rehabilitate priority degraded coastal ecosystems. improve the health and diversity of natural systems. Maintain and improve safe public access to beaches and Support the social and economic well being of local headlands consistent with the goals of the NSW Coastal communities. SCC is a city of villages, each with strong Policy. attachment to a local section of coast. Support recreational activities consistent with the goals of As above. the NSW Coastal Policy.

1.3 Council’s Strategic Approach to Coastal Zone Management

The CZMPS has four main focus areas (Figure 1.5). These focus areas are contained within an adaptive management framework. Adaptive management is a process for managing uncertainty, incomplete data and changing coastal systems, to improve and refine management responses over time.

Monitor actual Engage the change and community improve Adaptive knowledge management of coastal risks

Reduce known Protect healthy serious risks natural systems

Figure 1.5 – Framework for adaptive management of coastal risks and four focus areas

The Plan reduces known serious risks in five ways, as shown in Table 1.2. More details are in Section 5.

Table 1.2 – Risk Management Options Risk Option Avoid, Accommodate or Accept? management (Approach may change as triggers are met) Avoid Risk Planning controls and asset replacement plans for Long term managed retreat to avoid risk or existing and future development, including homes and retreat from risk infrastructure Change the Beach and dune nourishment, revegetation and likelihood biodiversity programs; coastal protection works Accommodate change by building community capacity or by targeted land Change the Community awareness, building and infrastructure management, beach nourishment, building consequence design; access management design or protection works

Share the risk Insurance measures and funding options for affected Accept risk and manage costs – who pays landowners and how Informed risk Emergency action in the short term Accept risk and respond when events occur retention

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An aware and involved community has a clear understanding of coastal issues and can see how its values have been incorporated into Council’s strategies for managing the coastline. Effective coastal zone management depends on active community involvement. Council will work with residents to:  build broad community knowledge of coastal processes and risks; and  create opportunities for local communities to be involved in protecting important values, providing facilities for appropriate coastal use and enjoyment and monitoring and reporting coastal change.

Details about how Council will inform and collaborate with local communities during implementation of the CZMP are in Section 4.1.

A natural coastal landscape with high biodiversity is an important feature of the Shoalhaven coastal zone. These healthy coastal ecosystems support valuable social and economic services for the community, such as coastal holidays and tourism.

The CZMPS supports continuing council and community effort to protect and enhance ecological communities on beaches, coastal dunes and headlands, reinforcing the resilience of the coastal landscape to changes in the intensity of coastal processes. Key actions include managing access ways, preparing planting guides and reserve vegetation plans with local communities, to take into account ecological processes, safety, views and access. Council will continue to work with conservation partners to protect nesting sites for migratory shore birds such as the Little Tern, and to manage whale strandings when necessary. More detail is in Section 4.1.

Council will work with the NSW government, local communities and university researchers to build knowledge of coastal processes and to monitor changes to the coastal zone over the coming decade. Shoalhaven coastal zone monitoring has four main purposes: 1. Tracking implementation of the Plan by Council and its partners. 2. How beach and dune profiles respond to management actions and to storm patterns and changes in sea level. 3. Ecological health and condition for estuaries, coastal lakes and frontal dunes in response to management actions and to droughts, very wet periods and changing sea level. 4. The condition of access facilities and community satisfaction with the coastal amenity.

Results from monitoring programs will be shared with management partners and with local communities. More details are in Section 4.1.

1.3.1 How does Adaptive Management Work?

An adaptive management cycle has four steps (Figure 1.6). Managers track progress against expectations and evaluate effective responses that met community and environmental objectives.

Council will continue to monitor the condition of the coast and shoreline responses to major storm or extreme water level events, so that Council and local communities have the best available knowledge to evaluate, review and adapt management actions. Council will also continue to work with NSW and Australian government to facilitate a coordinated approach to difficult coastal change issues.

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Benchmark current condition and set ojectives

Reflect, Adaptive Select and communicate, implement respond and coastal zone actions improve management

Monitor and audit achievements and enhance knowledge

Figure 1.6 – Four key considerations in effective adaptive coastal zone management

1.4 Timeframes for Action

The CZMPS is intended to be implemented over a ten year period. Actions are proposed for urgent/short term implementation (less than 2 years, providing funds are available), for medium term implementation (Year 2 to Year 5) and longer term implementation to be commenced after Year 5, but before 10 years.

A review of implementation progress will occur after Year 5 (linked to Council’s State of the Environment Reporting). A full review of the effectiveness of the plan will occur after ten years. Strategic priorities and triggers for adaptive change to land use would be reviewed and updated at that time.

Coastal hazard and risk studies will be reviewed when new projections are issued by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and/or the NSW Government Sea Level Rise Policy Statement is reviewed.

Details about the priority of proposed actions on the coast are in Section 6.

1.4.1 Who will deliver action on the coast?

The strategies and actions set out in the Plan are primarily the responsibility of Shoalhaven City Council. Many sections of Council will cooperate to achieve the objectives of the Plan. Council will work closely with the local communities along the coast to implement the plan.

Council will also work closely with the Office of Environment and Heritage (OEH), DPI Catchments and Lands and Land and Property Information (LPI), Southern Rivers Catchment Management Authority, Department of Planning and Infrastructure (DP&I) and other agency stakeholders to ensure a consistent approach to:  coastal risks;  the decisions about coastal access;  the protection of important coastal ecosystem functions. The CZMPS does not duplicate existing management actions in plans made by these partners. It does make strategic recommendations to be considered by coastal management partners, to help deliver a coordinated, integrated, informed and adaptive management approach for the coast.

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As much as possible, the CZMPS aligns with plans of management for Crown Reserves, Council Reserves, National Parks and Marine Parks. It is consistent with coastal ecosystem resilience initiatives which are part of the Catchment Action Plan (CAP) prepared by the Southern Rivers Catchment Management Authority (SRCMA). The CZMPS has directly informed the Shoalhaven LEP and DCP 118 (draft), ensuring that coastal erosion risks are considered in Shoalhaven land use planning strategies for the future.

1.5 Who pays for Coastal Zone Management?

SCC has the primary role in land use planning (through clauses in its LEP and DCP) and in carrying out on ground works to reduce serious coastal risks to community assets and infrastructure. Council owns and/or manages coastal land on behalf of the Crown and local communities. Council works in partnership with community organisations to manage coastal vegetation, protect sensitive coastal ecosystems and provide safe and attractive beach access facilities for residents and visitors. So Council has responsibility for developing funding strategies for coastal zone management. Council has prepared budget estimates for all proposed actions. The estimates are linked to Council’s internal budget planning cycles, but Council has limited resources, thus, also needs to draw on funds available from other sources to implement the CZMPS.

1.5.1 Funding Options There are several strategies open to Council to provide human and financial resources for implementation of the Plan. Council is already addressing many issues through existing staff responsibilities. Council is considering additional options, including:  Fostering its partnerships with land holders and community based organisations along the coast and with key NSW agencies such as OEH, SRCMA, Marine Parks Authority, Crown Lands and LPI, to promote research and on ground works programs relevant to SCC’s coastal issues and priorities. Community involvement is critical to dune vegetation rehabilitation, and to monitoring the condition of coastal natural resources. Partnerships or sponsorships with private sector businesses are also possible for some coastal management works, both in terms of ecological resilience and asset management.  Reviewing and reallocating priorities in Council’s overall Business Plan so that greater resources are allocated to coastal zone management.  Modifying job descriptions for Council officers in line with new priorities, to clarify where officer time is to be invested.  Focusing on a sound, risk-averse planning framework (LEP and DCP) so that new development is directed out of coastal risk areas.  Applying for funding through special coastal grant schemes (such as Caring for our Country Coastal Program, OEH programs and Commonwealth emergency response programs). To ensure timely and coordinated delivery of the priority actions in the Plan, Council has identified grant programs which would support implementation of some actions and is actively submitting project applications to these programs. Internal and grant fund requirements are identified in the implementation tables of the CZMPS.

Council supports the NSW Government policy that private landholders should contribute to the cost of constructing and maintaining coastal protection works that benefit them. Council also proposes that, in the longer term, all SCC landholders could contribute in some way to the costs of managing community infrastructure in coastal hazard zones, so that services (both ecosystem services and infrastructure services) that are widely enjoyed are able to be maintained. With these principles in mind, Council is considering the following additional options to generate funds for implementing coastal risk management actions (options involving new levies will require detailed community consultation):  Require that all private landholders who are directly impacted by coastal process hazards pay for any coastal protection works (on private land) from which they benefit, including maintenance of protection works.  Implement a special levy on affected coastal landholders, to cover the costs of maintaining beach amenity, where public access and recreational amenity are indirectly impacted by approved private coastal protection works. This charge was authorised by 2010 amendments to the Coastal Protection Act 1979 (now being further amended).

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 Implement a Shire-wide levy (similar to the existing storm water levy, or environment levies that other councils have implemented) to provide additional capital funds for works to relocate or protect community assets and infrastructure that are impacted by coastal recession. These assets include surf clubs, park facilities, beach access ways, sewerage systems, roads and pathways. Works to relocate or protect community assets (such as surf clubs and sewerage infrastructure) in the 2050 and 2100 coastal hazard zones are the biggest financial commitment for Council from the Plan.

1.6 The Top Ten Management Actions

The options appraisal process and actions tables are detailed in Sections 3, 4 and 5. A summary of actions that are considered to be priorities is included in Table 1.3. This table highlights ten packages of actions that Council proposes to commence within the first two years of implementing the Plan. These packages of actions will help to prepare Council and its communities for adaptive management of coastal zone issues. They relate to:  ensuring there are resources for managing the implementation process;  building the resilience of beach and dune landforms and coastal ecosystems;  clarifying the likely asset life and foundation capacity of built assets in immediate (or short term) coastal hazard zones; and  working with local communities to build understanding of coastal processes and coastal zone management interactions and to prepare for change. These ten packages of actions are not ranked in terms of importance or order of implementation, but wherever possible, Council would focus on this list when planning its short term works budget or applying for urgent grant funds, so that resources are available for action as soon as possible.

Table 1.3 – Top Ten Management Responses

Action Package Responsibility Indicative Budget 1. Maintain a full time coastal zone coordinator position to SCC $100,000 per annum coordinate design investigations, develop the implementation strategy (including long term funding options) and build Council’s capacity to respond. 2. Development Controls: Finalise DCP118 and apply controls to SCC Within existing staff new development – this includes updating notation on section responsibilities 149 certificates as new information becomes available, requirements for detailed studies of foundation capacity 3. Ongoing Coastal Erosion Monitoring Program: Established in SCC, with support Allow $30,000 from 2009 – 2010, the program includes land and hydro survey for all from OEH and DPI SCC over 2 years, plus beach erosion hazard compartments advised by the SMEC (2009) (Lands) OEH contribution Beach Survey methodology document (see Appendix 7). This baseline survey data allows storm erosion impact to be calculated by repeat land survey in affected beach areas with storm erosion quantities calculated and calibrated against MHL storm records. The Hydro survey component is essential to refine the accuracy of coastal erosion remediation design studies confirming beach slope and closure depth and improve coastal process modeling. 4. Surf Club Site Management Plan: Audit site constraints and SCC Allow $150,000 foundation capacity for Shoal haven Heads SLSC, Warrain Beach SLSC, Mollymook SLSC. Clarify trigger points for changed management. 5. Public Asset Adaptation Plan: Based on existing asset risk SCC Within existing staff studies continue to investigate how key public assets at risk may responsibilities be adapted and managed under the scenario forecasts (develop sub plans Water, Sewer, Storm water). Examples include including sewerage infrastructure at Mollymook, Collingwood Beach and Currarong, roads, community buildings at Callala Beach and design capacity of existing sea walls protecting pubic assets at Shoalhaven Heads and Mollymook. Clarify trigger points for changed management.

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Action Package Responsibility Indicative Budget 6. Coastal Erosion Concept Designs: Develop protection concept SCC, partnering Allow $100,000 for designs for all locations where significant beach erosion with Marine Parks designs and approval threatens private and public assets. Priority will be given to Authority where processes, plus Authorised Locations and will include City-wide Emergency works are required Council officer time Response, and short term response (such as beach scraping/sand along the Jervis Bay for negotiation with replenishment to build foredune height and volume), approval Marine Park OEH and MPA processes, trigger responses for protection measures. Council foreshore. will negotiate consistent application of Authorised Location (or Involve OEH its replacement under the new coastal reforms) status to Shoalhaven beaches. 7. Coastal Erosion Remediation Implementation Plan: Develop site SCC Allow up to $450,000 specific trigger based actions identified in approved remediation plans e.g. for Currarong (SMEC, 2011) and Callala Bay (SMEC, 2008) see Appendix 7, Callala Beach, Collingwood Beach, Mollymook beach (design works presently under contract). For example, at Currarong, construct a trial groyne (5 year lifespan) and nourish the beach with 60 m3/m of sand, principally sourced from dredging marine sand from local creek entrances. 8. Dune Management Plan: Develop detailed management SCC, partner with Allow $90,000 strategies for typical beach types / dune systems / estuary Bushcare, SRCMA entrance barriers (e.g. in Plans of Management). Generally, maintain dune fencing, invasive species management and replanting programs, with priority at Shoalhaven Heads, Currarong, central beaches and southern beaches. 9. Coastal Access Strategy: Develop a post storm Coastal Access SCC Allow $100,000 for Strategy based on the existing Asset Management Plan and key access way Emergency Action Plan, to guide post storm access remediation reconstruction for each beach compartment. 10. Community Education and Engagement Plan: Prepare SCC Within existing staff community information in various formats, for web delivery, hard responsibilities copy and face to face, with priority to immediate coastal risk areas, vegetation policies for frontal dunes and policy/guidelines for community buildings in foreshore reserves. Indicative cost in first two years (including continuing existing coastal coordinator $1,120,000 position)

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Section 2 – Coastal Hazards, Risks and Issues In this section 2.0Coastal processesCoastal Hazards and Risks Coastal change and sea level rise Coastal hazards and risks Community values, issues and attitudes to coastal risks

Other coastal zone management issues

Detailed studies of coastal processes, hazards and risks build up an understanding of the issues requiring a priority response for the sustainable management of the Shoalhaven coast. The following sections provide more information about the coastal science and technical studies that are undertaken to build that understanding.

2.1 Processes acting at different time scales

The coastal landscape is dynamic. It is continually changing in response to natural forces of wind, waves, tides, currents, rainfall and runoff. These forces change daily. They also change periodically with natural cycles, all of which interact. Examples include:  Monthly tidal cycles from high water springs to neap tides.  Seasonal variations in storm patterns, which affect wave energy, wave direction and rainfall.  Southern oscillation index cycles of about 7 to 10 years, which affect droughts, floods, beach orientation and lake entrance processes.  Century or longer scale variations in climate. The interaction between processes operating at different time scales means there is a lot of uncertainty about exactly what conditions will prevail at specific times in the future. Council’s coastal zone management proposals are designed to deal with this uncertainty and to help local communities adapt to change.

Scientific and community understanding of how beaches, dunes, lakes and estuaries respond to coastal processes, climate drivers and land management is improving. Natural system responses include changes to landforms (such as beach and dune erosion, creek entrance migration and dune instability) and changes to ecological health (such as water clarity, salinity, chlorophyll a and dissolved oxygen which affect algal blooms, sea grass distribution and fish populations).

2.1.1 Long term trends in climate and Sea Level Rise

Figures 2.1 and 2.2 indicate the recent and predicted sea level rise for the NSW coast and the processes through which sea level rise and other aspects of climate change translate into landscape impacts, to which coastal communities will need to adapt. CSIRO’s State of the Climate Report (2012) concludes that sea level rose at a global-averaged rate of about 3 mm per year between 1993 and 2011, and 1.7 mm per year during the 20th century as a whole. Measured rates of sea level rise on the NSW south coast are close to the global rate, but sea level is rising more quickly across the northern shores of Australia.

Medium to long term climate change also affects rainfall intensity and seasonality, ocean warming and the frequency and types of major storm events. For instance, on the south coast, DECCW (2008) regional modelling predicts 50% more summer rainfall by 2050, but no significant change to annual rainfall.

Changes to the frequency of different types of storms are also predicted but details are poorly understood. On the south coast, changes to patterns of East Coast Lows and the southern extent of tropical cyclones are both possible. East Coast Lows in particular drive major step changes in coastal morphology. OEH and a team of coastal scientists and engineers are currently researching mechanisms driving East Coast Lows to enable more

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accurate and reliable predictions of future storm patterns. The landforms we see now along the Shoalhaven coast are the result of relatively stable sea level and climatic conditions over the last 6000 years. Over this period, sea level fluctuations on the east coast have been restricted to about two metres. This is the same order of magnitude as sea level changes that are currently projected for the next century. Coastal erosion and accretion occurred in response to these sea level changes in the past, affecting dune stability, estuary ecology and rock platform ecological communities.

Figure 2.1 – Global average mean sea level (CSIRO, 2012)

Figure 2.2 – The rate of sea-level rise around Australia measured by coastal tide gauges (circles) and satellite observations (contours) from January 1993 to December 2011 (CSIRO, 2012)

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2.2 Studies of coastal hazards and risks

In 2009, Council commissioned SMEC to update coastal hazard studies for nine Shoalhaven beaches, incorporating the sea level rise policy settings of the NSW Government (DECCW, 2009), i.e. 40cm sea level rise above 1990 levels by 2050 and 90cm rise above 1990 levels by 2100. Coastal erosion, recession and oceanic inundation hazard assessments have been completed for:  Collers Beach  Mollymook Beach  Narrawallee Beach  Collingwood Beach  Callala Beach  Currarong Beach  Warrain Beach  Culburra Beach  Shoalhaven Heads. Maps showing the results of hazard analyses for these beaches are in Section 5.2, with other information about the character of these local communities and issues of concern to local residents. The full hazard study report is included in Appendix 2. It provides information about the coastal processes that operate along the Shoalhaven coastline; how coastal processes interact with coastal landforms and the natural and built landscape to create hazards (such as coastal erosion and recession); and how risks are identified and evaluated using hazard information. A summary of the background information is also in the 2009 draft of the CZMP, which is on the project web site. The process descriptions and hazard analysis are not repeated here. The following section provides an overview of the findings of the detailed risk assessment (BMT WBM 2012), which Council commissioned to better understand how coastal hazards would affect its future management choices. For planning purposes the NSW Planning Guideline: Adapting to Sea Level Rise (DoP, 2010) and the NSW Coastal Risk Management Guide: Incorporating Sea Level Rise into Risk Assessments (DECCW, 2010b) define a coastal risk area by the most landward hazard impact boundary for each time frame, i.e. the landward boundary of the Zone of Reduced Foundation Capacity. Figure 2.3 illustrates schema relating to these terms.

Figure 2.3 – Terms used in assessing coastal hazards (Neilson et. al., 1992)

The coastal hazard zones are predicted using the best available information and analysis techniques. Specifically, the zones have been calculated based on:  Known erosion impacts of the largest storm to ever have been recorded at each beach – for most of the beaches, this storm occurred in 1974 or 1978. Impacts of such a storm vary at each beach and have been added to long term predicted changes in beach behaviour.  Known long term changes (loss or gain of sand, changes in the location of the dunes) that have been occurring at each beach since the 1940s, as a result of local coastal processes. These changes have been

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measured by looking at changes in beach volumes and profiles over long term records. The trends for these changes are assumed to continue into the future and are forecast for 2025, 2050 and 2100.  Long term future changes in beach behaviour that are forecast to occur as a result of sea level rise due to climate change – these have been forecast for 2025, 2050 and 2100, based on the best available information at the regional scale. The immediate, 2025, 2050 and 2100 coastal hazard zones are reasonably conservative (generally worst case based on known historical evidence); however more landward impacts are also possible, for instance, if a very rare extreme storm occurred or if sea level rises faster than the current projections. The medium to long term hazard zones will be reviewed as better information about sea level rise becomes available. The various coastal hazard zones to which Council refers in its planning guidance are described in Table 2.1.

Table 2.1 – Coastal Hazard Zone Descriptions*

Immediate hazard zone 2025 hazard zone 2050 hazard zone 2100 hazard zone

Immediate ZSA (Zone of 2025 ZSA – By 2025, some 2050 ZSA – By 2050, further 2100 ZSA – By 2100, further Slope Adjustment) – this sea level rise is expected to sea level rise (0.4 m) is sea level rise (0.9 m) is area is bounded by the have occurred as a result of expected to have occurred as expected to have occurred estimated limit of frontal climate change and this is a result of climate change as a result of climate change dune collapse following a predicted to lead to some and this is predicted to lead and this is predicted to lead storm equivalent to the landward movement of the to further landward to further landward largest storm ever frontal dune over time. At movement of the frontal movement of the frontal recorded on that beach. some of the beaches, there dune over time. At some of dune over time. At some of Frontal dune erosion in are local coastal processes the beaches, there are local the beaches, there are local such a storm would occur which are known to have coastal processes which are coastal processes which are seaward of the landward caused a landward known to have caused a known to have caused a limit of this area and the movement of the frontal landward movement of the landward movement of the boundary line indicates dune over time (e.g. at frontal dune over time (e.g. frontal dune over time (e.g. how far back the dune Currarong). This area is at Currarong). This area is at Currarong). This area is collapse would reach bounded by the estimated bounded by the estimated bounded by the estimated following such a storm. location of frontal dune location of frontal dune location of frontal dune Erosion within this area collapse following a storm collapse following a storm collapse following a storm could occur at any time. equivalent to the largest equivalent to the largest equivalent to the largest storm ever recorded, should storm ever recorded, should storm ever recorded, should that storm occur in 2025. It that storm occur in 2050. It that storm occur in 2100. It takes into account estimated takes into account estimated takes into account beach changes that are beach changes that are estimated beach changes expected to occur between expected to occur between that are expected to occur now and 2025. now and 2050. between now and 2100. Immediate ZRFC (Zone of 2025 ZRFC –In this area, 2050 ZRFC –In this area, 2100 ZRFC –In this area, Reduced Foundation buildings may suffer damage buildings may suffer damage buildings may suffer damage Capacity) –In this area, as a result of reduced as a result of reduced as a result of reduced the frontal dune would capacity of the soil to carry capacity of the soil to carry capacity of the soil to carry have a reduced capacity building foundations, should building foundations, should building foundations, should to carry building a storm equivalent to the a storm equivalent to the a storm equivalent to the foundations and buildings largest storm that has ever largest storm that has ever largest storm that has ever within this zone could be been recorded occur in been recorded occur in 2050. been recorded occur in damaged, if a storm 2025. It takes into account It takes into account 2100. It takes into account equivalent to the biggest estimated beach changes estimated beach changes estimated beach changes storm ever recorded on that are expected to occur that are expected to occur that are expected to occur the beach were to occur between now and 2025. between now and 2050. between now and 2100. tomorrow. *This highlights locations where the hazard studies identify important assets, infrastructure and community values that will be impacted by coastal processes over the next century. N.B. locations affected by coastal hazards are shown in Figure 1.1.

Details of immediate, 2025, 2050 and 2100 coastal hazard zones for Shoalhaven beaches are presented in Section 5.1, with other information for local communities about issues, risks and proposed management responses.

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2.2.1 Risk Analysis

Coastal erosion and recession will affect:  Land use capability. Approximately 30 private properties at Collingwood Beach, Callala Beach, Culburra Beach and Mollymook Beach are located within immediate coastal hazard areas. More than 70 private properties are wholly or partly within the 2050 coastal hazard areas (ZRFC) and more than 100 private properties are wholly or partly within the 2100 ZRFC. Land that is affected by coastal processes now, or could be affected within the life of a development may not suitable for certain types of development, e.g. homes, shops, schools and hospitals.  The feasibility and cost of repairing and maintaining the function of community infrastructure such as access ways, roads, car parks, storm water drains and sewerage systems.  Beach access, amenity and safety. All Shoalhaven surf clubs are within the 2050 ZRFC, but are likely to be impacted by major storms before that time.  Amenity of foreshore parks and reserves.  The attractiveness of the coast for visitors (compared to now and to other landscapes).  Dune vegetation and rock platform ecology.  Accessibility of rock platforms and smaller beaches for recreational use.

All of these impacts influence the social and economic well being of small communities along the Shoalhaven coastline. In addition, slope instability hazards affect (now and in the future) some homes on coastal bluffs, and the safety of lookouts and access paths.

To better understand the significance of coastal erosion, recession and inundation hazards over time, Council commissioned a risk assessment (BMT WBM, 2012). The risk assessment report is included in Appendix 3.

A structured risk assessment uses a standardised matrix of likelihood and consequence to calculate risk. For the Shoalhaven coastline, BMT WBM (2012) used the hazard lines for 2025, 2050 and 2100 to define likelihood. The likelihood scale is shown in Table 2.2. The likelihood descriptors are clarified in the first column.

Table 2.2 – Likelihood Scale for Coastal Risk Assessment, Shoalhaven Coastline Likelihood Descriptor Immediate For 2050 For 2100

Almost certain Immediate 2025 ZRFC line 2050 ZRFC line Expected to occur, many recorded incidents, strong anecdotal ZSA line evidence, great opportunity, reason or means to occur. May occur or be exceeded once every 1-5 years Likely Immediate 2050 ZRFC line 2100 ZRFC line Will probably occur, consistent record of incidents and good anecdotal ZRFC line evidence; considerable opportunity, reason or means to occur. May occur or be exceeded once every 20 years Possible 2025 ZRFC 2100 ZRFC line Beyond the Might occur, a few recorded incidents in the locality and some line 2100 ZRFC line anecdotal evidence in the community; some opportunity, reason or means to occur. May occur or be exceeded once every 100 years. Will generally be close to or exceed past records of severity. Unlikely 2050 ZRFC Landward of Beyond the Is not expected to occur. Isolated recorded incidents in this country line the 2100 ZRFC 2100 ZRFC line with anecdotal evidence in other communities. Little opportunity, line reason or means to occur. May occur or be exceeded once every 250 years. Will almost always break previous records of severity.

The consequence scale for risk assessment takes into account financial, governance, environmental, health and safety and beach amenity consequences. Some consequences in the coastal zone can be described quantitatively (i.e. in built assets can be dollar values), but with the currently available information and methodologies, many consequences can only be described qualitatively. The current risk assessment prepared for the Shoalhaven coast relies principally on quantitative consequence scales (dollar values) for built assets

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such as roads, pathways, water mains, sewerage systems (pipes and pump stations), car parks, bridges, surf clubs, community halls and other buildings. Over time, the risk assessment will be revised as new methodologies and data become available for other natural, social and cultural values.

Surf clubs are an example of an asset that has important social values as well as a financial value. Surf Life Saving Australia commissioned a study on the vulnerability of surf clubs (CZM, 2011) to extreme events and to climate change. The study found that surf club buildings are very vulnerable because of their location on frontal dune systems, and the financial and technical capacity of clubs and local councils to respond to erosion impacts is limited. However, storms and sea level rise also increase risks for surf clubs in other ways. Examples include:  Loss of sand on beaches affects safety and the suitability of club areas for major competitions/events. These changes have potential social and economic impacts on the cubs and on their local communities.  Loss of club equipment, or increased safety risks when using the equipment.  Increased emergency response training requirements.  Development assessment requirements for relocation or for protection works – significant cost and time requirements.  No coordinated response strategy between clubs, local government areas, regions or states.

2.2.2 Results of the Risk Assessment

Table 2.3 summarises the highest risks for 2050 and 2100. The full risk register (BMT WBM, 2012) is included in Appendix 3. Based on asset value, the highest risks are associated with surf club infrastructure and sewerage infrastructure. High risks relate to assets at Collingwood Beach, Callala Beach, Culburra Beach, Mollymook Beach, Warrain Beach and Shoalhaven Heads.

As can be seen from the nature of the assets that are rated as extreme risks in coastal erosion risk areas, these risks have serious implications for Council. Damage or destruction of these assets would disrupt essential community services, create health risks and impact on the social fabric of small communities.

The study by BMT WBM (2012) indicates the following financial implications for SCC from coastal hazard impacts on important community infrastructure.  Surf clubs (estimated $5 million, 2050 and 2100)  Wastewater infrastructure (estimated $5.1million 2100)  Roads, car parks and bridges (estimated $3.1million at 2100).

Sound risk management practice requires that Council takes action to reduce the extreme risks, and continuing these extreme risks unmitigated cannot generally be justified. Where there are extreme risks, the General Manager must be informed and urgent risk treatments must also be approved by the General Manager. The implementation of risk controls would be monitored by Council’s risk management committee and progress would be audited annually and regularly reported to Councillors and the community. Management of these risks is a high priority for the CZMPS. Proposed management actions to mitigate extreme and high risks are discussed in Sections 4 and 5.

Table 2.3 – Extreme Risks, 2050 and 2100, Unmitigated and Mitigated (with existing management) (BMT WBM 2012)

Risk 2050 Unmitigated risk rating 2050 Mitigated risk rating 2050 Mollymook SLSC Extreme Extreme Pump station at Collingwood Beach Extreme Extreme Warrain Beach SLSC Extreme Extreme Shoalhaven Heads SLSC Extreme Extreme Pump Station, south end Mollymook Extreme High Pump station north side of bridge, Mollymook Extreme High Mollymook Golf Club Extreme High

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Risk 2100 Unmitigated risk rating 2100 Mitigated risk rating 2100 Mollymook pump station, north side of bridge (as Extreme Extreme above) Mollymook SLSC (as above) Extreme Extreme Collingwood Beach pump station (as above) Extreme Extreme Warrain Beach SLSC (as above) Extreme Extreme Shoalhaven Heads SLSC (entire building) Extreme Extreme Pump station at south end, Mollymook (as above) Extreme High Bridge on Mitchell Avenue Extreme High Mollymook Golf Club (as above) Extreme High

Figure 2.4 summarises how studies of community use and coastal values, coastal processes, coastal hazards and risks inform the preparation of the CZMP. Coastal management options are developed in response to coastal risks that are based on the interaction of hazards and values (likelihood of impacts and consequences of impacts. Options are evaluated against a range of criteria, including capacity to mitigate extreme risks, community acceptance, council’s capacity to pay and alignment with existing programs. As noted in Section 1, an adaptive approach to management is essential to manage uncertainty in the dynamic coastal environment. Adaptive responses are based on ongoing monitoring and evaluation of actual progress against expectations and targets.

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Figure 2.4 – Evaluation of coastal values, processes, hazards and risks underpins management priorities for the Shoalhaven coast

STEP 1: Understand Coastal Processes – consider now, and for years 2025, 2050 and 2100

More detail about coastal processes is in Appendix 2 (SMEC 2009) Waves Currents Long term sea level changes

Tides Storms – strong winds, elevated water levels and storm Land slip and debris flows on cliffs and bluffs surge

STEP 2: Assess Coastal Hazards – consider now and for years 2025, 2050 and 2100 More detail about coastal hazards is in Appendix 2 (SMEC 2009)

Storm bite erosion Long term recession – Long term recession – sea level Creek entrance migration Slope instability Coastal inundation sediment deficit rise. and lake entrance condition

Dramatic changes occur Major storms are Projected sea level rise will Meandering creek The geological structure of the Coastal inundation on the coast during major separated by long increase coastal recession entrances can add to the Shoalhaven coastline makes occurs when storm storms. Many periods of calmer hazards. As sea level rises, a erosion of frontal dunes. some headlands and bluffs waves overtop the communities have weather allowing proportional retreat of the Changes to entrance susceptible to rock fall and frontal dune system, experienced the impact of beaches and dunes to sandy coastline is predicted. conditions, shoaling and land slip. A geotechnical flooding low lying land occasional extreme events recover. However, Sea level rise also affects scouring as sea level rises hazard assessment (SMEC and buildings or on the coastline. For these periods can mask sediment transport between may affect lake ecology 2008) has identified two high infrastructure.

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instance, the 1974 and long term recession embayments. and beach sediment risk aspects of this hazard. On Extreme water level 1978 storms that affected trends and beaches and The impacts of this hazard budgets. cliffs and bluffs, geotechnical events are predicted to the NSW coastline dunes may appear more include: Changes to entrance instability events also recur become more common resulted in well robust than they really  Loss or disruption of safe dynamics affect the especially at a time scale of as sea level rises. documented severe are. Long term erosion community access to navigability of lake decades. Examples include Natural and community erosion of the beach and and coastal recession beaches, dunes and entrance channels and landslip (e.g. at Penguin Head, assets that are adapted dunes at Shoalhaven occurs when sand is headlands, and impacts on boating access to the Culburra Beach) and rare rock to or have been planned Heads, Currarong, Callala permanently lost from surf clubs; ocean. topple events that to be safe and Beach and Collingwood beaches and dunes.  Impacts on residential Increased water levels cumulatively result in the serviceable at particular Beach as well as A number of Shoalhaven property, for instance at reduce the area of retreat of the cliff face and water levels will be overtopping of the Princes village communities Callala Beach, Collingwood foreshore reserve available accumulation of sandstone impacted by more Highway at Ulladulla. have experienced slow Beach, Culburra Beach, for public recreation – boulders and cobbles on frequent high water Homes along the long term loss of beach Mollymook Beach. A both around lake shores intertidal rock platforms at the levels. Shoalhaven coastline are or frontal dune number of properties along and open ocean. base of cliffs. located within the landforms over a period the Shoalhaven coast are Important hazards include Council is also dealing immediate coastal erosion of decades. Examples partly or wholly within the with this issue through risk area. are Currarong and 2050 coastal erosion hazard Potential block fall and landslip Flood Risk Management Community access to Callala Bay. area; affecting public safety on Plans and Entrance beaches, dunes and  Impacts on community assets headlands and rock platforms; Management Strategies headlands is disrupted and infrastructure, such as impacts of existing rotational for coastal lakes. during and after storms roads and sewerage systems slumping on private property at and coastal erosion at Mollymook Beach; Culburra Beach (Penguin events. Intermittent Headland) and a potential large  Ongoing impacts on coastal storm wave impacts on slump at Inyadda Point. biodiversity, associated with breeding sites for disruption or dislocation of migratory shore birds. endangered ecological communities on costal dunes;  Specific impacts on cultural heritage sites and places.

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STEP 3: Assess Coastal Values and Assets More detail about the scientific, natural, social, cultural and economic values of the coast is in the draft Coastline Management Study and Plan (2009), available from Council. Coastal ecological Beach amenity and Beach, bluff and rock Homes and holiday homes. Economic value of Community assets and Cultural values – communities on cliffs, recreational use, including platform safety tourism, fisheries infrastructure Aboriginal and dunes, rock platforms and visual appeal, access and historic heritage. off shore. facilities

Coastal lakes and Multiple sandy beaches and High social and A relatively high proportion The coastal zone Such as surf clubs, Rock platforms and estuarine creeks along headlands with a high level cultural value of absentee landowners, supports activities rock walls, sewerage headlands listed in the Shoalhaven coastline of naturalness and associate with with a long history of such as tourism systems, water supply, the Register of the provide diverse, healthy exceptional visual appeal. individual, family and holiday occupation. Holiday and fisheries that power infrastructure. National Estate or and productive aquatic community properties become have important the National habitats of high ecological The coastline is almost experiences, permanent residences as economic values Heritage List value. Extensive areas of entirely in public memories and people retire. for the region. (primarily for their several endangered ownership. Diverse anticipation of good More research is fossils, other ecological communities. recreational uses including times spent on safe needed in this area geological features, Roosting, feeding and swimming, diving, surfing, beaches, headlands, that will heritage sites, breeding habitat for boating, water skiing, rock platforms and demonstrate the Aboriginal cultural migratory shorebirds. The fishing, coast and bush coastal lakes. economic value of heritage and coastline is part of the walking, picnics, art and the coastal zone to landscape migration path of several photography, conservation the overall character). whale species each activities, sightseeing. Local economy of the autumn and spring. residents and holiday region Occasionally, whales makers utilise open coast, become stranded on estuary and coastal Shoalhaven beaches. bushland environments, depending on weather conditions.

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STEP 4: Assess Coastal Risks – consider for now, and for years 2025, 2050 and 2100 The likelihood and consequences of coastal hazards impacting on the natural, social, cultural, built and economic values of the coast. Impacts associated with interactions between coastal values Consider existing controls Consequences associated with damage to the structure, environmental impacts (such as raw sewage discharges), health and safety impacts, resource demands etc. This process helps Council identify the most important and urgent issues requiring management actions. More detail about the analysis and management of coastal risks is in Appendix 3. Low risk Medium risk High risk Extreme risk Examples: Examples: Examples: Examples: Occasional minor damage or occasional Frequent or severe damage to beach Erosion of residential and commercial properties (houses, Erosion/undermining or flooding of surf inundation of access ways, walking paths access ways (ramps, steps, lookouts), shops) clubs, sewage reticulation infrastructure Wave impacts/erosion on local community Erosion/undermining of sea walls (pipes and pump stations), halls and sporting venues Frequent marine inundation of residential properties Golf Club at Mollymook, major roads Occasional shallow inundation of Frequent or permanent inundation of foreshore reserves and bridges residential property Damage/destruction to important cultural sites Loss of important or endangered ecological communities or threatened/protected species

STEP 5: Choose and implement coastal risk management strategies Protect, Accommodate, Retreat, Avoid, Share Consider priority actions for now and for 2025, 2050 and 2100 Examples include: Land use planning (controls on the location of development, the design of development and triggers for lapse of consent) Structural protection such as sea walls Beach nourishment and dune management Vegetation management and habitat protection Design and maintenance of access ways Asset and infrastructure maintenance and relocation schedules Community information, awareness, education and involvement Monitoring actual change in relation to triggers for management action Research to address knowledge gaps Ongoing adaptive improvement of coastal management

STEP 6: Monitoring, review, evaluation and reflection Is management action achieving its intended outcomes? Is the condition of the coast stable or improving? Is ecological and community resilience maintained? Have triggers for changing management been reached? What’s changed and why? – New science, new community aspirations, new threats, new legislation and policy. Inform the revised plan with best available knowledge about processes, condition and values. This is the feedback loop that informs ongoing adaptive management to achieve agreed outcomes.

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2.3 Understanding community values, concerns and issues

This section outlines how Council has consulted with stakeholders and its community during the preparation of the CZMP. This consultation process has been ongoing over the six years that Council has been studying coastal process, hazards and risks.

2.3.1 Some characteristics of the Shoalhaven coastal community

Some important social and economic characteristics of the Shoalhaven coastal zone, which affect community attachment to the coast and interest in its management, include:

 A coastline that is almost entirely in public ownership and is therefore accessible to all the community as National Park or Crown land or Council reserve.  The Shoalhaven coastline is two to three hours travel from Sydney and Canberra. It has been a favourite short holiday location for decades and the peak summer population of coastal villages is three to five times their normal population.  A relatively high proportion of absentee landowners, who use coastal residences in the small villages scattered along the coast for holidays. Many of the small villages along the Shoalhaven coastline have permanent residential occupancy rates of less than 50%.  Local villages are economically dependent on income from holiday makers using tourist parks, other accommodation, restaurants and coastal recreation activities (such as dolphin cruises and art and craft markets).  Diverse recreational uses, including swimming, diving, surfing, boating, water skiing, fishing, coast and bush walking, picnics, art and photography, conservation activities, sightseeing (including local produce) and car touring. Holiday makers utilise open coast, estuary and coastal bushland environments, depending on weather conditions.  High social and cultural value is associated with individual, family and community experiences, memories and anticipation of enjoyment of time spent on beaches, lakes, headlands and rock platforms.  As owners of holiday homes reach retirement age some choose to make the coastal property their permanent residence. Increasing permanent settlement by retirees also increases the age of the population and provides a group of well educated and aware residents with strong interests in protecting long established values of the coast.  The Huskisson/Vincentia area on Jervis Bay and the Ulladulla/Mollymook area are the key centres for future growth (DoP South Coast Regional Strategy, 2007). Seventy five percent of the coastal population of Shoalhaven City Council lives in these two areas (SCC Population Profile, 2007).

2.3.2 Community engagement during Plan preparation

The Shoalhaven coastline is highly valued by residents, ratepayers and visitors. During preparation of the CZMPS, Council has provided information using a special project website and has sought to listen to the community’s views about important issues and potential management options, through direct feedback opportunities and a series of meetings, workshops and briefings.

Throughout the project the Shoalhaven coastal zone management website has provided background about coastal hazards, coastal legislation and policy, coastal research, coastal management and Council’s progress on a range of projects that affect the future quality of the coastal environment and lifestyle of coastal residents. Copies of all draft reports have been available on the project web site, as well as in hard copy from Council. The web site also includes information about the science of climate change and sea level rise, which are major concerns for coastal property owners. People were also able to submit questions and comments via the website. All comments were forwarded to Council officers for direct response.

Council has conducted multiple rounds of community briefings and workshops to discuss how local communities use and value the coast, community experience and observations of coastal change, objectives for the future of the coast, issues, hazards, risks and potential management responses. Meetings were held at

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Nowra (Council Chambers), Callala Bay, Callala Beach, Ulladulla, Huskisson and Mollymook. Separate, but concurrent to the briefings and workshops for the CZMP, Council engaged with coastal residents and stakeholders about potential land use planning measures such as its draft Shoalhaven Local Environmental Plan and draft DCP118, for coastal risk planning areas. Consultation about the coastal planning clauses in the draft LEP provided further opportunities for community feedback on coastal hazards, risks and their management.

Council has an established Coastal Committee made up of representatives of several Natural Resource and Floodplain Management Committees (NRFM). These Committee members include state agency representatives, Councillors and representatives of local community organisations. Regular Committee briefings during the development of the hazard studies (two cycles, to accommodate the 2009 sea level rise benchmarks), risk assessments, previous draft plan, and current update and review of the draft Plan have provided opportunities for stakeholders to discuss issues and provide written feedback.

2.3.2.1 Groups consulted

Multiple community interest groups, including those in Table 2.4, contributed to the development of the CZMPS.

Table 2.4 – Groups consulted about the Shoalhaven Coast

Shoalhaven Coastal Community Stakeholders Council Community Consultative Bodies, Reference Groups and Reserve Management Committees. Examples include:

Callala Bay Progress Association Dolphin Point Residents Action Group

Callala Beach Progress Association Vincentia Residents and Ratepayers Association

Culburra Beach Progress Association Hyams Beach Villagers Association

Currarong Progress Association Manyana District Citizens Association

Lake Wollumboola Protection Association

Regional and Local Community Organisations

Bushcare groups and Dunecare groups

Other Community and Environment Groups. Examples include Surf Clubs, Fishing Clubs, Sailing Clubs, Environmental groups, bird watching groups and the South Coast Shore Bird Recovery Program

Aboriginal community groups and organisations, including Wreck Bay community, Local Aboriginal Land Councils.

Businesses and Chambers of Commerce

All interested Residents and Property Owners

Visitors to the Shoalhaven

2.3.3 What the community said about the coast

Table 2.5 notes some of the community’s concerns, organised by locality and theme. These issues are an overview of the input from meetings, briefings and submissions to date. The table provides an indication of the areas where community members raised each issue. This input has been used in scoping potential coastal management responses and in evaluating the capacity of responses to meet community needs. Additional matters that are raised in the next round of consultation meetings and during the exhibition process will be reviewed and the Plan will be adjusted as necessary. Through the ongoing adaptive management

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process, the community will have further opportunities to participate in evaluation and review of the outcomes of coastal zone management.

Table 2.5 – Community input about the Coastal Zone

Issue or concern reported by community representatives Localities where residents reported this concern Coastal processes and climate change - impacts Impact of climate change induced erosion on coastal dunes and beach Currarong, Culburra Beach, Collingwood, amenity, as well as on the foreshore reserve properties. Callala Bay, Callala Beach, Mollymook Impact of climate change-driven processes on the integrity of Currarong, Mollymook, Berrara, Ulladulla, community infrastructure including roads, pathways, sewerage systems, Collingwood water supply. Impact of coastal erosion and recession on private property – damage to Callala Beach, Collingwood Beach, Culburra, existing assets but also the impact of risk controls on the value of assets. Mollymook Impact of geotechnical instability of cliffs and bluffs on private property. Penguin Head, Bannisters Point Impact of geotechnical instability of cliffs and bluffs on safety (paths, Nelson, Orion, Barfleur Beaches, Plantation viewing spaces on the edge of the bluff). Point, Hyams Beach Urban water management - flows and quality Management of discharges from storm water drains and small coastal Wowley Creek, Moona Creek, Mollymook creeks. Discharges are considered to affect water quality (urban runoff Creek, various headlands, Kioloa Creek and/or septic tank effluent), land surface geotechnical stability and dune erosion. Access management through coastal reserves Decision-making and communication processes relating to the number Currarong, Culburra Beach, Shoalhaven Heads, of tracks, spacing of tracks and maintenance of tracks across dunes, on Mollymook, Narrawallee, Cudmirrah, Berrara, headlands and along bluffs (linking beaches). Collingwood Beach, Gannet Beach, Cormorant Beach Private use of public reserve lands on dunes and bluffs, including garden Bannisters Point, Mollymook Beach, encroachment, private access ways and blocking other public access Collingwood Beach, Callala Beach (reported as both dune vegetation and equitable access to the coast issue). Conflicts on beaches - most often in relation to dog exercise areas. Shoalhaven Heads Beach, Mollymook Beach, Narrawallee Beach Access suitability for diverse user groups - aged, disabled, variety of Callala, Huskisson/Vincentia area, Mollymook recreational users, permanent residents and visitors. Access by people, dogs, and vehicles close to nesting and roosting sites Example is Warrain Beach for migratory shorebirds disrupts breeding success (in addition to the effects of storm waves or very high tides). Vegetation in foreshore reserves The highest priority is to maintain the unique natural coastal features All locations including beach, dunes, headlands and intertidal rock reefs. Conservation of endangered communities, threatened species and habitat is important. Management of vegetation on coastal bluffs and cliffs, including weed Penguin Headland, Racecourse Headland, removal, drainage, species selection and contribution to instability. Bannisters Point Vegetation management on coastal dunes, particularly in relation to Collingwood Beach, Mollymook Beach, height and density of rehabilitated vegetation along urban foreshores. Narrawallee Beach, Berrara, Cormorant Beach, Narrow margin of vegetation and dune between the tidal zone, the Gannet Beach dunes and residential development. More rehabilitation effort is needed, but there are also concerns about impact on views; intent and function of rehabilitated landscapes. Community members help look after the coast through active Most beaches participation by Bushcare and Dunecare Groups. These groups already work closely with Council. Management of invasive species on coastal dunes. All beaches

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Issue or concern reported by community representatives Localities where residents reported this concern Other social and cultural concerns Management Plans and Reports are currently in various forms and All areas stages of implementation. This can create confusion for local communities about how the various pieces of coastal management fit together. More care is needed to protect Aboriginal culturally significant sites All areas General concern over water quality, particularly in high-use areas, Jervis Bay, Mollymook including the impacts of fishing, mooring on seagrass beds and high- impact areas. Vehicles in reserves and on beaches can create safety issues and Foreshore reserves and beach access ways damage the natural environment Lack of signage for environmentally sensitive areas All localities Where concrete/rock walls have been built to protect a foreshore area, Generally at surf clubs and high usage areas they should be properly designed and maintained and allow for safe access.

2.4 Coastal Resilience Issues

The resilience of coastal ecological communities is threatened by existing uses and management as well as future coastal hazards. Other issues arise when the location and design of coastal access facilities does not match community needs or because of conflicts between different user groups, who may value the coast in different ways (Table 2.6).

Information to define these issues comes from ecological condition assessments, from asset condition assessments (particularly for access ways) and from community input about values, recreational uses, concerns and management gaps.

Table 2.6 – Summary of Community Use, Access and Ecological Resilience Issues

Community Use, Access and Ecological Resilience Issues

 Balancing ecological function with other ecosystem services valued by local communities – protecting and rebuilding dunes and dune vegetation  Species and landscaping concepts for coastal reserves on dune and headlands  View maintenance for residents and visitors  Invasive species in coastal bushland (dunes and headlands), especially near urban areas  Excess beach access ways – trampling and wind funnelling across coastal dunes, gullying on headlands  Lack of cycleways and pathways between coastal communities  Maintaining safe access ways after coastal storms or other damaging events  Adequacy of disabled access in communities such as Callala Bay, with high elderly population  Adequacy of recreation, beach amenity and tourism facilities in high profile locations  Poorly located and designed signage  Occasional poor water quality in recreational areas and natural places  Responses to whale strandings and protecting habitat for migratory shorebirds  The interaction of conservation land tenure with coastal risk management. Several villages around Jervis Bay, which is Marine Park, have high risk existing frontal dune development. Regulations to protect the natural systems on the Marine Park limit options for managing sediment budgets to accommodate the impacts of coastal change on local development.

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3.0Section Choosing 3 – Choosing the rightthe right actions actions to tocare care for for the the coastcoast In this section Types of actions for managing coastal zone issues Connecting strategies and actions to objectives for the coast Criteria for selecting preferred strategies and actions

The logical links between Council’s vision for the future of the Shoalhaven coast, and the proposed actions for managing coastal issues are shown in Figure 3.1. This figure focuses on how information is processed to make decisions, rather than the data that has been used. The data is outlined in Section 2. Figure 3.1 shows how Council’s vision and objectives for coastal zone management set the direction for Council, community and other stakeholders to work together.

The strategic scoping and evaluation of management options processes are used to identify the most effective ways to manage the issues so that a well cared for and healthy coast is achieved. Operational planning, implementation, monitoring and review of progress are used to guide investment, on ground works and ongoing improvement of management effectiveness and relevance. These links, well communicated across Council, communities and partner agencies, will help keep action focused on the most important issues.

Options considered in the CZMPS take into account outcomes and recommendations from several detailed studies as well as community feedback.

 Priority actions from the 2009 draft study and plan, as modified by recent studies or plans. These actions include the set up of adaptive management processes and information management within Council.  Additional actions to respond to significant coastal risk issues (or changed priorities) which have emerged since 2009. These issues may have arisen from changes to State-wide policies, community feedback to Council, or from Council’s routine monitoring of the condition of coastal assets.  Specific wording of planning controls from Council’s Interim Policy – Areas of Coastal Zone Management and the draft Shoalhaven LEP.  Actions resulting from detailed studies at specific locations (e.g. SMEC (2011) detailed options study at Currarong, which also includes a detailed options evaluation process, see Appendix 7).  Actions recommended in the public asset coastal risk management review (BMT WBM 2011).  Initiatives from the CMA (coastal resilience) or agencies which contribute to the objectives and targets of the CZMPS.  Actions to better integrate the CZMPS with existing estuary management plans, flood risk management plans and entrance management strategies.

Five strategic approaches to managing coastal risks are available to Council, individually or in combination (Table 3.1 and Table 3.2). Suitable strategic approaches for mitigating coastal risks affecting existing development are different to those suitable for making decisions about future development. Section 4 details the actions to be undertaken by Council and its partners to manage risks in the coastal zone. Note, the full options appraisal process is available in the previous Shoalhaven Coastal Plan (2009), available on Council’s project website.

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Vision: A Cared for Coastal Landscape

Principles and Objectives Linked to legislation, policy and planning framework. Agreed with community

Targets How success will be measured, and timeframes for delivery Communicate,Evaluate,Review,Refocus

Focus Four key strategies to deliver the objectives:

Scope potential actions consistent with the key strategies Examples include the following. The 2009 draft CZMP includes the full range of potential actions and details of the evaluation process. Strategic risk management approaches: Avoid, Protect, Accommodate, Retreat, Share Accept Planning controls Relocation of assets and infrastructure Protection works – short term and long term, including dunes and creek entrances Beach nourishment Cliff stabilisation Coastal biodiversity programs – invasive species control, revegetation, conservation zoning Access management Sitting and quality of beach facilities Emergency planning Community information Compliance monitoring and enforcement Monitoring, evaluation and reporting Funding initiatives

Evaluate potential actions to define a program that: Mitigates critical (extreme or very high) coastal risks Complies with statutory requirements Is affordable and cost effective for Council and communities Is practical and technically feasible Meets community social and environmental aspirations, including opportunities for involvement Is supported by partner organisations Can be monitored Is adaptive and can respond to new knowledge

Implementation (see Section 6) Prepare Whole of coast actions (Section 5.1) and integrated ‘Place Plans’ to show how local issues will be addressed (Section 5.2) Define triggers for changing from one strategy or action to another Establish monitoring and knowledge management programs, baseline and ongoing. Establish adaptive review process, linked to objectives and targets Incorporate priority actions into Council’s 3 year and 1 year operational plans with full costing and project specifications Negotiate with agency partners for coordinated delivery of related strategies and programs Train relevant staff Figure 3.1 – Linking vision to action

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Table 3.1 – Risk Management Options for Existing Development PROTECT ACCOMMODATE RETREAT SHARE ACCEPT Structural protection Make development more Identify and act on Insurance schemes Emergency such as sea walls, and resilient to coastal risks: triggers for when and response – breakwalls. Lease back arrangements buildings must be acquisition/land planning, Build up the sand for less intensive or more moved or abandoned. swap arrangements preparation and buffer by beach flexible/relocatable uses. Time frames for action during nourishment, dune Retrofitting and relocation of erosion events. enhancement. redesigning (e.g. piered infrastructure. foundations or raised floor levels)

Table 3.2 – Risk Management Options for New Development

AVOID ACCOMMODATE ACCEPT SHARE Prohibit specific Make development more Emergency response/ Appropriate insurance development types in resilient to coastal risks: evacuation planning arrangements coastal risk areas. Design requirements for (generally only for infill New critical infrastructure new development such as areas, not greenfields sites) to be located outside high piered foundations and coastal risk areas. relocatable structures. Require set backs. Time limited approvals

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4.0Section Taking 4 – Taking action action to care to care for forthe the Shoalhaven Shoalhaven CoastCoast In this section Seven strategies for the whole of the Shoalhaven City Council coastline How whole coast strategies relate to local action strategies (these are presented in Section 5)

Actions which apply to the whole of the Shoalhaven coastline include land use planning, emergency response management, community engagement and involvement, and adaptive management processes such as monitoring and reporting. These strategies and actions provide general benefit for the future management of coastal risks. They are designed to prevent risk escalation, to raise awareness of coastal zone management issues and processes, to protect important natural coastal systems and to put in place mechanisms for continuing improvement and refinement of coastal zone management as new knowledge becomes available. These seven strategies and related actions are all part of the early implementation of the CZMPS. Details of proposed whole of coast actions (in the hatched box in Figure 4.1) are in Section 4.1. Local Action Plans in Section 5 show additional actions that are proposed to manage coastal risks and threats to the enjoyment of a healthy coastal landscape for eight areas along the coast, reflecting local hazards and community needs. These areas are based on local communities and catchment/beach compartment areas and the Action Plans focus of how local communities can be involved in accommodating coastal change.

Figure 4.1 shows how the various area wide strategies, local area and other coastal zone strategies and plans will combine within Council’s longer term intent for fully integrated coastal zone management.

The area wide strategies in the following sections (overview in red hatched box in Figure 4.1) do not specify priority or cost at this stage. That detail e.g. expected costs, sources of funding and responsibility for leading the response is in the implementation schedules in Section 6. Council will make implementation choices based on needs and priorities across the whole of the City’s coastline. In general, work will commence first on actions that reduce extreme risks or very high risks from coastal hazards and for which funding is available.

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Figure 4.1 – How various area wide, local area and estuary strategies and plans will combine within Council’s coastal framework to provide for integrated coastal zone management over time.

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4.1 Strategies and Actions to care for the whole Shoalhaven Coast

Strategy 1: Move towards fully integrated management of risks to coastal zone values – open coast, coastal lakes and estuarine waterways

SCC manages a very large coastal zone landscape. Council recognises and embraces the concepts of integrated management of the natural values that support the well being of its communities and coastal hazards that could threaten local community assets now and into the future. Strategy 1 outlines the first steps towards more complete integration of Council’s coastal zone management activities. Details about costs and priorities are in the Implementation Schedules in Section 6.

Table 4.1 – Strategy 1 Actions

Strategic risk management: Accommodate change by building community and manager awareness and capacity

Action ID What is proposed Responsibility Action 1.1 In consultation with local communities, identify overarching, whole of Lead by Council’s coastal zone objectives and principles, for application in future reviews of strategic planning and estuary management plans, entrance management plans and floodplain risk natural resources teams management plans. Action 1.2 Prepare a schedule for preparation and review of estuary management Lead by Council’s plans, entrance management plans and flood risk management plans, in strategic planning and priority order, linked to the likelihood and consequence of coastal natural resources teams emergencies (flooding or erosion). Action 1.3 Present information on Council’s web site and in community engagement Lead by Council’s natural activities that shows how coastal zone systems function and how integrated resources and management responses benefits Council and local communities. This would communications teams include reporting on long term improvements to efficiency and to the condition of coastal zone systems. Action 1.4 Work with all sections of Council to improve integration of coastal zone risk Lead by Council’s management and protection of coastal condition and system health into all strategic planning and of Council’s activities. natural resources teams Action 1.5 Maintain a full time position for a coastal zone management coordinator SCC natural resources team Action 1.6 Investigate and scope feasible long term funding options for effective SCC natural resources management of the Shoalhaven coastal zone. Funding strategies will team corporate include Council rates and levies, leveraged by grant applications. Future management teams. changes to State and Commonwealth government funding roles should also New funding mechanisms be pursued. would require approval from State government.

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Strategy 2: Engage local communities and government partners in coastal management

There is a high level of community interest in protecting the natural environment, but also supporting local recreation and tourism businesses. These matters are addressed in Strategy 2, which lists the actions the Council proposes over the next ten years (Table 4.2). These actions are almost entirely Council’s responsibility, working with its local community organisations and residents. Details about costs and priorities are in the Implementation Schedule in Section 6. Table 4.2 – Strategy 2 Actions

Strategic risk management: Accommodate change by building community capacity and involvement in all aspects of coastal zone management (changing consequence and likelihood of coastal hazards)

Action ID What is proposed Responsibility Action 2.1 Prepare and deliver community information for residents, including tailoring Council natural programs for people in high risk areas. Information should raise the profile of resources team and coastal hazards and how/why Council is taking action to reduce risks. Priority communications team, areas, based on rapid population change and/or significant coastal process with support from State hazards include: agencies and CMA  Culburra Beach and Penguin Head  Currarong  Callala Beach and Calalla Bay  Collingwood Beach  Mollymook Beach. Community information about coastal hazards could include: Regular updates on Council’s web site (various styles and content) Educational signage at beaches and along coastal walkways Presentations at local community meetings, linked to field days Training for Bushcare and Dunecare volunteers. Field days could be conducted in association with Bushcare, with local Surf Life Saving carnivals, special summer beach programs and with local community fairs/events. Action 2.2 Prepare community awareness and education material about foreshore SCC natural resources reserve management and ecological aspects of coastal dune management. team and Clarify property boundaries and engage property owners in minimising urban communications team edge impacts into reserves (including field days and print/web material). Raise awareness and consult with residents and beach users about matters including:  The visual values of dune vegetation (or bare dunes).  The ecological functional values of different vegetation assemblages (noting that different species may perform similar ecological functions).  Identifying important view corridors from land to water and from beach back towards land (in terms of naturalness or other features).  The importance of shade provided by vegetation in foreshore reserves.  Managing the interface between bushland and private property, including regulations about the extension of private uses onto reserve lands, storm water discharges, fire protection zones and weed management.  Best practice dune management, including track construction and fencing.  Migratory shorebirds and protection under JAMBA and CAMBA etc, plus how residents can help to protect these species.  The impact of vehicles on beaches, dogs on beaches and feral animals on the breeding success of migratory shorebirds. Promote and publicise the clauses of the Foreshore Reserves Policy in relation to illegal pruning/poisoning of trees, private vehicle access and structures in foreshore reserves. Enforce regulations in high conservation value areas as a

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Action ID What is proposed Responsibility priority, and where illegal use of reserves is restricting valid public use of foreshore areas. Action 2.3 Prepare guidelines about appropriate locations and designs for community SCC natural resources buildings (such as sailing clubs, fishing clubs and coastal patrol) in foreshore team and community reserves. The guidelines would be prepared in consultation with community development team, in users and would address issues such as coastal hazards, visual impact and consultation with access. relevant user groups The guidelines should address coastal hazard issues but also other aspects of reserve amenity and facilities; for instance:  a visual assessment must be completed, considering visual impacts from both land and water  structures must comply with the Coastal Design Guidelines, as adopted in the Shoalhaven DCP  structures must not compromise public access to the shoreline  buildings that are club houses or similar should provide adequate trailer and vehicle parking space in a manner that does not impact on the visual or recreational amenity of other users. Action 2.4 Prepare information for landholders about living near geotechnical hazards and SCC natural resources, how they can contribute to risk reduction. Landholder actions include: communications and  maintain an adequate surface drainage path into and out of the property compliance teams.  pipe the drainage outlet away from the steep slope to avoid scouring  fix leaking or broken underground drainage or sewer pipes as soon as faults are identified  undertake periodic inspections of the property to observe changes. Action 2.5 Promote water sensitive urban design and minimise contamination of storm SCC natural resources water in local communities, as part of best practice urban development in the and communications coastal zone. For instance, at Narrawallee Street and Penguin Headland, teams Council could offer incentives for installation of rainwater tanks to reduce the intensity of storm water discharges over cliffs and bluffs. Sound urban water management practices also help to protect recreational water quality on local beaches and in coastal lakes.

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Strategy 3: Implement planning system controls for areas with high and extreme coastal risks

SCC proposes to manage coastal risks for existing and future development through controls in the Shoalhaven LEP 2009 and draft DCP 118, which will apply to coastal risk areas along the whole of the Shoalhaven coast. The planning measures will:  Avoid future risk by preventing intensification of land use in coastal risk areas, without unnecessarily sterilising the use of these lands in the short to medium term.  Adapt to existing and future risks by requiring certain design features in new development (or retrofitted to existing development in coastal risk areas.  Inform land holders about coastal risks that affect their property.

The planning controls will be linked to specific risks for different types of development. Triggers defined by the proximity of a storm bite erosion scarp to development can be used to specify when an existing development must be removed or relocated or redesigned to adapt to the changing coastal risk profile.

SCC conducted detailed consultation about coastal risk clauses in its draft LEP and DCP in 2010 and 2011. SCC is currently applying an Interim Policy for Areas of Coastal management when making decisions about development proposals in coastal risk areas. The Interim Policy and a fact sheet about coastal risk planning are in Appendix 5. Key planning actions are noted in Table 4.3. Details about costs and priorities are in the Implementation Schedule in Section 6.

Table 4.3 – Strategy 3 Actions

Strategic risk management: Long term managed retreat, supported by accommodating change (build community awareness). Triggers for change: Planning controls will be reviewed in the future as new science becomes available and new policy responses are prepared.

Action ID What is proposed Responsibility Action 3.1 Add a notation to section 149 (5) certificates for properties that are SCC – Strategic planning team expected to be affected by coastal erosion risk areas within the 2025, 2050 and 2100 planning horizons, based on currently available sea level rise projections and coastal hazard assessment methods. Section 149 (5) certificates will also be annotated as necessary to inform land owners about coastal slope instability risks (see also Action 3.8) Action 3.2 Finalise the Interim Policy – Areas of Coastal Management (See SCC - Strategic planning team Appendix 5) and continue to implement for all proposed development (modifications to existing development, or new development) in specified coastal risk areas. Incorporate clear directions for landholders in areas affected by coastal hazards in the Shoalhaven LEP 2009 and DCP 118. (Note the DCP is in draft form, details of planning direction from the DCP are below). The draft DCP is informed by the SMEC 2009 coastal hazard study. Action 3.3 Use DCP 118 to require specific information with development SCC strategic planning team applicants for proposed development in coastal hazard zones. More detail about requirements is below. Action 3.4 Prepare trigger distances for review of development consent, so that SCC strategic planning team relocation or removal can be required when an irreparable coastal hazard impact is imminent.

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Action ID What is proposed Responsibility Action 3.5 Use appropriate zoning in the Shoalhaven LEP to protect frontal dune SCC strategic planning team systems from development that reduces its resilience to coastal erosion and recession. This should include consideration of conservation zoning for natural areas landward of frontal dunes, to allow room for adaptive roll back as sea level rises. Action 3.6 Monitor trends in the value of land in coastal risk areas SCC strategic planning team Action 3.7 Include a coastal scenic value layer in the Shoalhaven LEP SCC strategic planning team Action 3.8 Include a geotechnical hazard layer and planning controls in the SCC strategic planning team Shoalhaven LEP and DCP 118 Action 3.9 Require preparation of detailed geotechnical reports, certified by SCC strategic planning qualified and experienced geotechnical engineers or engineering geologists, to accompany development applications for new development within the mapped geotechnical hazard area. The report must be prepared in accordance with the Australian Geomechanics Society Guideline for Landslip Susceptibility, Hazard and Risk Zoning for Land Use Planning (2007) and accompanying Commentaries and Practice Notes. Specific localities where this requirement should be applied include:  Inyadda Point (Manyana)  Penguin Head (Culburra Beach)  Rennies Beach (Ulladulla)  Collers Beach Headland (Mollymook)  Bannisters Point (Mollymook)  Berrara Headland  Hyams Point. Action 3.10 Consistent with NSW and Commonwealth policy settings, prepare a The NSW government would policy to clarify Council’s position on potential assistance to land set the direction for such a owners whose properties are within 2025 and 2050 coastal hazard Council policy. Council’s policy zones. The policy would deal with matters such as rate relief, would be informed by changes technical assistance, land use flexibility (including for instance to the NSW and/or acquisition and lease back). Note that currently, the State and Commonwealth policy position. Commonwealth governments do not support financial assistance to people on properties affected by coastal erosion and recession hazards. Recent research has canvassed some options which land holders may consider to address the management costs for coastal hazard locations.

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Strategy 4: Protect coastal biodiversity and healthy coastal ecosystems

Coastal foreshore reserves at beaches and on headlands along the SCC coastline are highly valued by the community. They provide the ‘naturalness’ that many people have identified as important to them about the Shoalhaven coastal landscape. However, many of these coastal ecological communities are threatened by pressures from adjoining land uses and by invasive species. There are differing community perspectives about the appropriate balance between biodiversity protection and amenity enhancement in coastal reserves. This strategy focuses on detailed planning and on ground actions to protect biodiversity and reduce the encroachment of the urban footprint into natural areas; but also provides for community input to identify reserves that are better managed with a focus on access and amenity.

Reserves on coastal dunes and headlands are affected by invasive plants such as Turkey Rhubarb, Buffalo Grass, Bitou, Cassia, Mother of Millions, Agapanthus, Asparagus Fern, Bridal Veil Creeper, Garden Geranium and Monbretia. The strategy aims to facilitate weed control programs on public reserves, providing resources and encouraging opportunities for local community involvement

Ecosystem actions are in Table 4.4. Details about costs and priorities are in the Implementation Schedule in Section 6.

Table 4.4 – Strategy 4 Actions

Strategic risk management: Accommodate change (change likelihood and consequence of hazards), by protecting healthy natural systems, monitoring change and engaging the community.

Action ID What is proposed Responsibility Action 4.1 Make all foreshore reserve plans of management consistent with SCC natural resources and the SCC Foreshore Reserves Policy 2005 (and future updates) and community planning teams Crown lands guidelines. Plans of Management to be updated and revised in priority order. Plans of management will also include design guidance for structures such as sailing clubs, fishing clubs, car parks etc that are in foreshore reserves. Action 4.2 Establish a hierarchy of reserves where the primary management SCC natural resources team and objective is biodiversity/connectivity protection or where the community planning team, in primary management objective is community amenity. This will consultation with local involve integration of existing foreshore reserve policies, parkland communities policies, regional biodiversity conservation priorities and information about climate change impacts on coastal ecology. Where reserves are identified as having a biodiversity/bushland conservation orientation in their management, there will be implications for access management, invasive species management and residential edge effects management. Biodiversity conservation oriented reserves should be a priority for active management of these threats. For reserves assigned a parkland management orientation, the focus will be on matters such as ground surface stability, visual amenity (including coastal outlooks), recreational amenity (such as shade from trees or structures, accessibility, space for recreational activities). Action 4.3 Maintain and enhance ecological communities on frontal dunes, SCC natural resources and considering appropriate ecological strategies for urban (foreshore community programs teams recreation reserve) and non urban areas. Manage in accordance with detailed local dune management plans, prepared in consultation with local communities and Landcare. Details about dune management programs at specific localities are in Section 5.2.

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Action ID What is proposed Responsibility Action 4.4 Wherever possible, use zoning and planning controls in DCP118 to SCC natural resources and maintain open spaces where coastal dune terrain and associated strategic planning teams habitats can roll landward in response to climate change and sea level rise. In the estuary context, the priority is land for salt marsh to migrate landwards. On the open coast, this management action is linked to planning for vegetated foreshore reserves on coastal dunes. Action 4.5 Develop a dune management code for new SCC – Strategic planning team development/redevelopment on frontal dunes. This would apply to all coastal settlements in SCC. Action 4.6 Manage access across frontal dune systems, closing and SCC – Natural resources and rehabilitating excessive pathways (including illegal tracks from community development private properties) that destabilise dune morphology and teams. Details of specific vegetation. locations are in Section 5 Action 4.7 Support Bushcare activities that focus on removal of priority weed SCC natural resources and species from foreshore reserves and saltmarsh areas, in accordance community development with an invasive species management plan which also specifies teams priority locations for building biodiversity resilience. Support training for Bushcare volunteers on weed control strategies for priority locations. Action 4.8 Consult with local communities about species selection for planting SCC Community development in foreshore reserves. This is to address both raising awareness and natural resources teams about the form, life cycle and functions of native coastal vegetation sequences and to tailor plantings as much as possible to community values for the local area (including social functions of vegetation such as shade and scenic amenity). Action 4.9 Incorporate measures to protect known Aboriginal sites and cultural SCC Community development values in plans of management for foreshore reserves. This could and natural resources teams. include involving local Aboriginal owners and stakeholders in Asset management team would identifying culturally significant plants in foreshore reserves and also be involved in plans for increasing indigenous participation in Bushcare/Dunecare activities new structures or facilities in Prepare cultural awareness guidelines for Bushcare volunteers and reserves Council officers and encourage active Aboriginal community participation in Bushcare. Action 4.10 In collaboration with the local Aboriginal community map sites and SCC – Community development important cultural places that are located within coastal erosion risk team (Aboriginal community areas. Sensitive cultural information must be managed in liaison officer) accordance with protocols developed with the Aboriginal community.

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Strategy 5: Prepare for emergency response in areas of retained risk

For some existing development in coastal risk areas, SCC and the relevant local communities have chosen to retain the coastal erosion risk in the short term, and manage impacts as they occur during or after coastal storm events. This is particularly relevant to localities that are recognised as Coastal Hotspots or Authorised Locations under the Coastal Protection Regulations and in the OEH coastal risk guidelines. It is also a key approach for beach access ways, which are all in short term coastal risk areas.

Several Shoalhaven coastal communities have now been recognised as meeting the criteria for inclusion as Authorised Locations. Note that the concept is currently under review as part of the 2012 coastal reforms:

 Part of Mollymook Beach  Part of Collingwood Beach (not gazetted as yet)  Part of Callala Beach (not gazetted as yet).

An Emergency Action Subplan for these coastal risk areas will be included in Appendix 6 in future, as the NSW Government has recently announced a new Task Force to review the provisions of the Coastal Protection Act 1979, and particularly the emergency response provisions for properties in the immediate coastal hazard zone. This Emergency Action Subplan will explain the actions that may be taken by Council and private land owners when coastal erosion is imminent on their property.

Additional actions (Table 4.5) to contribute to effective responses to coastal emergencies are noted below. Details about costs and priorities are in the Implementation Schedule in Section 6.

Table 4.5 – Strategy 5 Actions

Strategic risk management: Informed risk retention Triggers for change: Cost benefit of emergency response activities, relative to managed retreat or redesign

Action ID What is proposed Responsibility Action 5.1 Prepare Council staff, systems and resources to implement SCC natural resources and emergency action plans for high risk locations when impacted by asset management teams coastal storm events Action 5.2 Update the Shoalhaven Flood Management Plan and local DISPLAN, SCC natural resources and to incorporate up to date information about coastal emergencies asset management teams and emergency response for coastal risks. Action 5.3 Finalise emergency action sub-plans for Authorised locations SCC natural resources team, with OEH

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Strategy 6: Incorporate coastal risks in planning for replacement or upgrade of public assets

SCC manages roads, water and sewerage infrastructure on behalf of its communities. It also supports local community recreational and socio-economic activities through provision of community buildings, surf clubs, pathways, parks and reserves. Many of these community assets are within projected coastal hazard zones, based on currently available information. Strategy 6 outlines how Council will manage these assets during a period of uncertain changes to coastal hazards (Table 4.6). Details about costs and priorities are in the Implementation Schedule in Section 5.

Table 4.6 – Strategy 6 Actions

Strategic risk management: Accommodate change in the short term by maintenance practices and very targeted protection works (reduce likelihood), with managed retreat the long term approach Triggers for change: Asset life of major infrastructure and assets (including surf clubs) Cost benefit of maintaining infrastructure and assets that is frequently impacted by coastal hazards. Encroachment of erosion escarpment to within 10 metres of pipelines.

Action ID What is proposed Responsibility Action 6.1 Prepare a comprehensive asset management strategy for the coast SCC asset management team including a regularly updated asset register. The asset strategy will and strategic planning team provide for orderly relocation or retrofitting of public assets that are currently in coastal risk areas, including surf clubs, sewer, power and water infrastructure, roads, ramps and access paths. Relocation/retreat of assets would be linked to existing asset life and recession trigger points. Align the asset management strategy with emergency response procedures (such as Action 6.3). Action 6.2 Prepare a policy to limit construction of new roads, sewerage and SCC asset management and water assets in coastal hazard areas strategic planning teams Action 6.3 Conduct traffic assessments of existing roads in 2025 hazard areas SCC asset management team to support decisions about which roads can be closed and which should be relocated as trigger points are approached. Action 6.4 Conduct life cycle assessment of sewerage and water assets in SCC asset management team coastal hazard areas, together with site constraints analysis, to better inform decisions about the triggers and timing for relocation. Action 6.5 Require removal or relocation of existing built assets (private or SCC asset management team public) when recession trigger points are reached or when and strategic planning team maintaining services (such as safe access, sewer and storm water services) is no longer feasible or cost effective. Clear definition of trigger points is required. See Section 4.1.1.3 for suggested trigger points. Action 6.6 Continue to refine and implement a coastal assets maintenance SCC asset management team schedule, to facilitate rapid recovery/reinstatement of beach access and natural resources team ways after storms. Action 6.7 Monitor the condition of minor training walls, breakwalls, Monitoring, assessment and revetments and boat ramps that have been constructed to provide priority sites to be lead by safe boat launching and navigation. Some of these structures have Maritime section of Crown not been designed or constructed to be resilient to wave and lands Division of Department current conditions associated with future climate change scenarios. of lands, in consultation with SCC, MPA, NSW Roads and Maritime, local communities and waterway users

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Action ID What is proposed Responsibility Action 6.8 Develop a monitoring protocol for geotechnical hazard sites and SCC – asset management monitor outlets of Council storm water system that discharge over team cliffs and bluffs, with attention to scouring, seepage, cracking etc. Monitor the extent of slope deterioration on public land – consider soil and vegetation condition, presence of unstable block or smaller rock fragments and accumulated weathered soil/unconsolidated material. Action 6.9 Review Council’s storm water management plans with a focus on SCC asset management and discharge velocities over cliffs and bluffs and protection of natural resources teams recreational water quality near discharge points. Action 6.10 In planning for beach access infrastructure, include disabled access SCC asset management and infrastructure at all ‘Icon Parks’ along the Shoalhaven coastline. community development Examples are Huskisson, Collingwood Beach, Mollymook. This teams includes wheel chair accessible viewing platforms on headlands and foreshore reserves. Steps, handrails, surfaces etc on other access infrastructure should provide for access for people of a wide range of ages and physical ability. Action 6.11 Review and extend the coastal walking path package (see Coastcare SCC asset management and 2002), to develop options for extending a coastal walk into the community development northern part of the Shoalhaven coastline. This includes routes, teams, in consultation with signage and brochures. Route alignment to take into account OEH, Crown lands Division of measures to protect coastal dunes (from existing threats and DPI projected sea level rise impacts) and opportunities for coastal views.

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Strategy 7: Implement adaptive management procedures to reduce uncertainty and maintain best practice

Understanding how coastal processes and systems respond to storms, medium term weather patterns and long term climate change is an evolving process. Actual timeframes and scales of coastal change are uncertain. To ensure that coastal risk management actions continue to use the best available science and implement best practice coastal management, SCC will track implementation progress and outcomes within an adaptive framework. SCC will regularly report monitoring results and new knowledge about coastal systems to its management partners and to its communities.

In addition, SCC will work with partner organisations to address current limitations to knowledge about coastal processes, hazards and risks, particularly in response to climate change and sea level rise. These studies will provide greater certainty for planners and communities.

Actions relevant to this strategy are noted in Table 4.7. Additional information about three types of knowledge enhancement is below the action table. Details about costs and priorities are in the Implementation Schedule in Section 6. Table 4.7 – Strategy 7 Actions

Strategic risk management: Accommodate change by monitoring actual change and improving knowledge Triggers for change: One of the actions in this strategy is to refine triggers for adaptive change to management approach over time

Action ID What is proposed Responsibility Action 7.1 Establish coastal condition monitoring points, and baseline SCC natural resources team. condition and regularly record erosion consequences after Support from OEH storm events. Specific locations are noted in Section 5.2. They include open coast sites such as Culburra Beach, Currarong Beach, Callala Bay, Callala Beach, Collingwood Beach and Mollymook Beach, and coastal lake and creek entrance areas such as Currumbene Creek, Currarong Creek, Burrill Lake, Tabourie Lake and Millards Creek. Action 7.2 (LiDAR data) provides a mechanism for long term monitoring of beach change. Reporting of coastal condition could be aligned with reporting of estuary condition (as in score cards for localities which are included in Appendix 4). Action 7.2 Acquire LiDAR data for beaches and dunes at 5 yearly intervals Policy decisions about routine and analyse change to coastal landforms and vegetation collection and processing of coastal LiDAR data will be the responsibility of the NSW government. SCC natural resources and asset management teams will use data when available Action 7.3 Ground truth the distribution and condition of EECs in coastal SCC natural resources team erosion risk areas. Monitor condition of coastal ecological communities using a standardised ecological condition checklist. Action 7.4 Review information about the valuation of natural SCC natural resources team assets/ecosystem services in coastal landscapes and update risk assessments as necessary.

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Action ID What is proposed Responsibility Action 7.5 Conduct (or participate in) research programs to fill key Much of this work will be lead by knowledge gaps. Examples include: OEH and/or sponsored by CMA.  Best available scientific information on climate change SCC natural resources team will impacts on coastal processes and coastal landforms, lead local scale projects as part of including new data on sea level rise (rates), storm new hazard and risk studies and frequency, sediment transport processes. Coastal hazard will participate in broader studies should be reviewed at intervals of approximately 5 programs where feasible. years, linked to when new sea level benchmarks are released.  Impact of sea level rise on rock platform communities  Patterns of behaviour of migratory shorebirds visiting Shoalhaven beaches (this would include monitoring breeding and roosting sites of protected migratory shorebirds annually)  Coastal lake entrance behaviour (sediment budget, morphology, opening and closing regimes) with sea level rise and other aspects of climate change and climate variability  Participate in OEH programs to develop more effective coastal recession modelling processes.  Technical advice about ecological services and functions of dune species and most effective vegetation structure to enhance landform resilience. Engage local communities to clarify specific dune vegetation and visual (view corridor) values.  Vulnerability of biodiversity values of groundwater dependent ecosystems in the coastal zone, such as back barrier wetlands (which could be impacted as coastal dunes roll landward or are overtopped by ocean waves)  Monitoring compliance with existing regulations for access, including dogs and vehicles on designated areas of beaches.

Action 7.6 Report regularly (to Councillors and to the community) on SCC natural resources and progress in delivering the CZMPS and on the outcomes of communications teams investment in coastal zone management. Action 7.7 Continue role of the Coast and NRFM Committee in SCC natural resources team implementing the CZMPS. In particular the Committee would be involved in reviewing and evaluating progress and outcomes from implementing the CZMPS Action 7.8 Collaborate with State and Commonwealth agencies to This work will be lead by State and incorporate best available information on tsunami risk in Commonwealth partners. Council disaster planning, including emergency warning and response will update its DISPLAN and procedures. emergency procedures in accordance with best information and best practice

4.1.1 Monitoring Actions and Outcomes – Additional Information for Actions 7.1 and 7.5

4.1.1.1 Monitoring coastal condition and coastal change

Recent LiDAR data and aerial photographs provide the baseline for coastal landform condition. Ongoing change will be measured using a combination of ground survey and new LiDAR data, allowing three dimensional changes to be calculated rapidly at the landscape scale and for local areas. High resolution spatial data can also be used to monitor changes to coastal vegetation. Targeted local area photographic and ground survey will augment LiDAR for high risk localities. For instance, fixed point cameras can be used to provide a record of change at regular intervals – daily, weekly, monthly, annually or immediately after major storm events.

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Priorities for monitoring of changes to beach profile and dune height and volume include:

 Mollymook Beach  Narrawallee Beach  Collingwood Beach  Currarong Beach  Callala Beach  Shoalhaven Heads Beach.

Priorities for monitoring the condition of coastal ecological communities will be developed in consultation with SRCMA and OEH, but should include a sample of both dune ecological communities and headland ecological communities. The extent of invasive species in important ecological communities suggests that periodic assessment of invasive species impacts should be included in any ecological monitoring program.

Council and OEH have established a water quality and ecological health scorecard program for Shoalhaven estuaries and coastal lakes. These are included in Appendix 4. Ongoing monitoring will improve knowledge about estuary health and how it responds to catchment and ocean events.

Four beaches in Jervis Bay Marine Park (Currarong Beach, Callala Bay, Callala Beach and Collingwood Beach) require remediation actions to maintain beach and dune morphology (see Strategy 10). Currently there is a lack of understanding of the:

 baseline ecological condition of the hazard sites and associated operational areas  natural benthic population variability caused by natural processes and the expected recovery dynamics  construction impacts and potential mitigation measures to be included  monitoring programs that should be deployed as an integral part of the project.

Council has obtained funding to commence studies to better document these ecological values and potential impacts. The results of these assessments will inform the approval process for proposed beach scraping and other works that may disturb ecological communities in the park. The studies will be conducted by Southern Cross University (Associate Professor Steve Smith) who completed similar trial assessments for Byron Shire Council.

4.1.1.2 Evaluating Progress

Council has been implementing some estuary management plans and entrance management strategies for several years. To provide an opportunity to evaluate progress, Council will track the implementation of the strategies and actions in the CZMPS. Council will prepare and communicate an annual Implementation Plan and report on the outcomes of the Plan in its annual reports.

At intervals of five years, Council will report on what has been achieved in terms of implementation of the CZMPS and changes to the condition of the coast.

The preparation of these review reports will be an opportunity for Council Committees to review priorities for the next five year period and to note the impact of any specific events on progress towards a healthy and safe coast.

A full review of the implementation of the CZMPS will be conducted after ten years. It is expected that this review would include a full review of the hazard studies, based on new climate change and sea level information and any new techniques for modelling the behaviour of beaches and dunes.

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4.1.1.3 Triggers for changes to management strategy

Uncertainty is a significant challenge for SCC in managing its open coast. A fundamental principle for coastal zone management is that the coast will change over time. It has already changed and will continue to do so, in response to processes operating at various time scales.

SCC is basing its assessment of coastal risks on assumptions and processes established in the NSW government policy framework. SCC acknowledges that actual coastal hazards may, at specific time frames in the future, have a greater or lesser than the projected impact on natural, cultural and built assets. Actual impacts depend on interactions between patterns of major coastal storms, medium term climate cycles and longer term changes to climate and the rate of sea level change.

Council’s proposed approach to strategic management of coastal zone risks and issues gives high priority to immediate high risks. These are both urgent and important issues. At the same time, Council is applying a precautionary approach to longer term and less certain risks and issues. A precautionary approach prepares the community for change. It includes land use controls, dune resilience works, information sharing and involvement activities, monitoring and reporting of management outcomes.

Council will review the suitability of management actions for its coastal zone and for local areas on a regular basis. There are several reasons why the currently proposed management approach could change over time. These include:

 Reliable sea level measurements show that sea level is not rising at the projected rate (this reduces the coastal risk by changing the likelihood of an event occurring).  The frontal dune system does not recede as fast as predicted, whether or not sea level and other climate change parameters have changed as projected. This would change the consequence component of a risk assessment. Note, the frontal dune system could also recede faster than projected.  Coastal storms, sediment budget imbalances and/or recession due to sea level rise mean that the frontal dune escarpment moves to within set distances of built assets, such as houses, sewerage and road infrastructure. . The NSW government guidelines identify the position of the dune escarpment at 20m or less from the most seaward wall of a house as the trigger which would permit land owners to undertake certain emergency coastal protection works. . For major infrastructure assets, a trigger distance greater than 20m would be appropriate to change from a monitoring and reporting approach to detailed feasibility and design studies and/or to on ground works (protection or relocation). The appropriate trigger is influenced by the type of asset, expected asset life and the types of risks associated with failure.  A change to NSW or Australian government policy for coastal zone risk management. Such policy reviews are expected to occur when new IPCC and/or CSIRO climate change and sea level rise data and analyses are released, and could also occur at other times if the logic underlying connections between science and policy responses is shown to be inappropriate.  New information about the costs and benefits of defend, retreat or accommodate approaches for specific localities becomes available. This could be affected, for instance, by changes to the regulatory framework for access to sand resources, or the cost of sand resources for beach nourishment.

As for all other aspects of the CZMPS, triggers will be reviewed over time.

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5.0 Actions for local communities Section 5 - Actions for local communities

In this section: Eight local area strategies for communities along the Shoalhaven coast. In the future, these will be integrated with local estuary, coastal lake and flood risk strategies where relevant

Eight Local Area Strategies are tailored to the coastal risks, issues of concern and proposed responses for areas made up of small communities along the Shoalhaven coast.

The eight areas align with SCC’s community engagement framework and are based on areas of similar physical and social coastal character, such as:

 coastal embayments and sediment compartments, bounded by major headlands  similar types of settlements  land use and land tenure (e.g. areas dominated by national park lands or by tourism and recreation uses)  general locality and access.

5.1 Strategies and Actions to care for Local Areas along the Shoalhaven Coast

Each Local Area Strategy (in the red hatched box in Figure 5.1) provides a brief introduction to the character of the area and the priority local issues, which are derived from the coastal erosion risks, coastal slope instability risks and community input on other important matters. Coastal hazard and coastal slope instability maps are provided for each locality. Proposed actions to achieve a healthy, attractive and accessible coastline in each local area are shown in the following sections. The eight local area strategies give more detail about how the whole of coast strategies (Strategies 1 to 7) will be implemented at the local scale. They show how different aspects of coastal zone management fit together for each local area along the coast.

The priority for actions is shown is Section 6.

Figure 5.1 – Local Area Strategies provide additional local detail about how the whole of coastline strategies will be implemented as well as providing an integrated view of management for the local area

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Strategy 8: Caring for the Coast – Shoalhaven Heads, Culburra and Crookhaven Bight Local Area

LOCALITY AND ISSUES This area includes the long barrier beaches to the north and south of the mouth (trained river entrance, and occasional flood entrance) of the Shoalhaven river estuary. Settlements are separated by national park and nature reserve. Shoalhaven Heads is a small coastal town with frontage to the Shoalhaven River estuary as well as to the open coast. There are large camping areas for peak period visitors, located near the surf club and patrolled beach area, separate from main part of town. The beach is used for walking, fishing (including with 4WD access), dog exercising and horse training (adjacent to rural areas). South of the Shoalhaven River mouth, Culburra village has access to the Shoalhaven River entrance and also access to two long ocean beaches (Culburra Beach and Warrain Beach). More recent development on the dune crests and headlands, has outstanding views of the coastline. Key Issues Figures 5.2 and 5.3 show coastal hazards for these localities. Shoalhaven Heads

Extreme risk

Immediate coastal erosion hazard affects the surf club. Assessed as an extreme risk for the 2050 period. Other issues and risks Sewerage infrastructure is affected in the 2050 period. River and oceanic flooding of low lying residential areas. Threats to shore bird habitat from recreational use. Spacing of access tracks and general compatibility of diverse beach uses. Culburra Culburra Large car park at the northern end of Culburra Beach is within the 2050 coastal erosion risk area Other issues and risks More than 80 residences could be affected by coastal erosion in the 2050 planning period.

PROPOSED MANAGEMENT - Shoalhaven Heads and Crookhaven Bight Strategic risk management Accommodate coastal change (short term), moving to managed retreat. Shoalhaven Heads surf Club is already protected by a rock wall (change likelihood of coastal hazard impacts) Triggers for change Asset life of Shoalhaven Heads Surf Club Asset life of sewerage and water infrastructure Cost effectiveness of ongoing rock protection at Shoalhaven Heads Surf Club and capacity to mitigate offsite impacts. Encroachment of actual coastal erosion/recession to a minimum of 30 metres from sewerage and water infrastructure assets.

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Action ID What is proposed Responsibility

Actions from Strategies 1 to 7 apply to this locality. These include land use planning framework, community involvement, biodiversity protection, asset management and monitoring and reporting. Additional local actions are noted below. The priority of actions is outlined in Section 6. Action 8.1 Review the design and engineering standards for the rock SCC asset management revetment in front of the Shoalhaven Heads Surf Club. The current and natural resources wall, installed in the 1970s, was not designed to meet current teams engineering standards. Upgrade the wall as necessary to provide protection for the asset life of the surf club. See below – for future relocation of the surf club, rather than ongoing protection of a position forward of all the rest of the frontal dune. Action 8.2 Maintain dune vegetation and fencing at Shoalhaven Heads Beach SCC natural resources to promote dune stability, maintain a buffer and minimise possible team losses of sand from the littoral systems that would contribute to long term recession of the beach during floods in the Shoalhaven river system. Develop a design for reuse of excavated flood ‘dry notch’ sand on erosion sites fronting River Road, or to build up low dune crest locations. Action 8.3 Audit site constraints and foundation capacity for the Shoalhaven Heads surf club, to inform decisions about the timing of relocation. Action 8.4 In consultation with Department of Lands and DP&I, investigate SCC asset management zoning, land tenure and approval processes for relocation of the team Shoalhaven Heads Surf Club landward of its current position, outside the 2050 coastal erosion risk area. Action 8.5 Relocate the Shoalhaven Heads Surf Club to outside the 2050 ZSA. SCC asset management The move will be triggered by the asset life of the building and the team cost/benefit of maintaining the existing rock protection. This surf club was seaward of the dune alignment after the 1974 storms. Action 8.6 Place sand dredged from the Shoalhaven Heads estuary entrance SCC asset management on the northern side of the entrance area to increase the volume team and DPI Catchments of the beach and dunes, and provide interim protection from large and Lands, with advice southerly waves during storms. from OEH. Action 8.7 At the eastern end of Culburra, use a program of beach scraping or SCC asset management beach nourishment after major storms to reduce the risk of team, with natural escarpment failure, repair beach access ways and improve safety. resources team This action would only commence after a large storm or series of large storms removed the sand buffer. Action 8.8 Maintain dune vegetation and fencing at Culburra Beach to SCC asset management protect and enhance dune stability, maintain a buffer and reduce and natural resources possible losses of sand from the littoral system that would teams contribute to long term recession Update and maintain beach access tracks in accordance with measures described in the NSW Dune Management Manual. Action 8.9 Clearly define the boundaries between private property and the SCC natural resources foreshore reserve on the dune field at Culburra. Take action so team and community that private gardens and access ways are not encroaching on development team, in native vegetation areas that protect dune stability and consultation with biodiversity. landholders and Crown lands Division of Department of Lands. Action 8.10 In the medium term (when the erosion trigger point is reached or SCC asset management at asset life), part of Allerton Avenue at Culburra should be team relocated to outside the 2050 ZSA

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Action 8.11 Subject to long term monitoring of the position of the erosion SCC strategic planning escarpment at Culburra, more than 80 residences in the 2050 ZSA team could need to be relocated or redesigned. In the short term these properties will have coastal hazard information added to their Section 149 certificates.

RELATED MANAGEMENT  Shoalhaven Estuary Management Plan  Shoalhaven River Entrance Management Strategy  Shoalhaven LEP 2009  Southern Rivers Catchment Action Plan  National Park Plans of Management – Comerong Island and Seven Mile Beach

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Strategy 9: Caring for the Coast – Warrain Beach, Penguin Head and Lake Wollumboola

LOCALITY AND ISSUES Warrain Beach is the long sandy embayment stretching south from Penguin Head and includes the entrance to the Lake Wollumboola ICOLL. Lake Wollumboola is part of Jervis Bay National Park. The lake and beach are both used by migratory shorebirds in the summer months. The local community has strongly supported conservation management of the lake and local beaches, to protect natural values and low key recreation opportunities. Residential properties at Penguin Headland have extensive views along the coast, both north and south. Warrain Beach has a surf club which is popular in summer. Key Issues and Risks Figures 5.4 and 5.5 show coastal and geotechnical hazard lines for this area, for immediate to 2100 timeframes. Extreme risk Warrain Beach Surf Club is within the 2050 coastal erosion risk area Other issues and risks Warrain Beach car-park, parts of roads and sewerage infrastructure are within the 2050 coastal erosion risk area. Eight houses are within the 2050ZRFC. North Warrain Beach Shorebird nesting sites near Lake Wollumboola are and Penguin Head affected by high tide/wave events and predators. Penguin Head Few properties will be affected in the immediate timeframe, however risk to cliff/bluff properties will increase through time (rotational slumping hazards). There are also concerns about the interaction of vegetation management on headlands and bluffs and slope instability.

PROPOSED MANAGEMENT - Warrain Beach, Penguin Head and Lake Wollumboola

Strategic risk management: Accommodate coastal risks (short term, existing development), moving to Managed Retreat as coastal recession becomes more apparent. Avoid Risk for new development Triggers for change: Asset life of Warrain Beach Surf Club, public roads and gravity mains Coastal erosion (storm bite) recedes to within 20 metres of affected residential assets. A greater trigger distance (minimum 30 metres) is suggested for redesign or relocation of significant infrastructure assets. Actions from Strategies 1 to 7 apply to this locality. These include land use planning framework, community involvement, biodiversity protection, asset management and monitoring and reporting. Additional local actions are noted as follows.

Action ID What is proposed Responsibility

Action 9.1 Audit site constraints and foundation capacity at SCC asset management team Warrain Beach surf club to inform decisions about or engineering team future relocation Action 9.2 In consultation with Department of Lands (Crown SCC Community development Lands Division) investigate land tenure team, in consultation with

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Action ID What is proposed Responsibility arrangements to facilitate landward relocation of the Crown Lands division of L&PI Culburra Beach (Warrain Beach) Surf Club. Action 9.3 Relocate the Warrain Beach Surf Club to outside the SCC community development 2050 ZSA. This relocation is not required in the near team future. However, the building should not be extended seaward of its current footprint. Action 9.4 At Penguin Head, prepare and implement a local SCC natural resources team, management plan specifying techniques for with local landholders removing weeds from slopes affected by geotechnical hazards. The plan should be prepared in consultation with adjoining landowners and reserve users. It should cover options such as spraying, lopping, root removal, revegetation, follow up and interim stabilisation options. Resolve Council and private landholder responsibilities for management of the top of the bluff, including vegetation (weeds and native species) and landslip management. Action 9.5 Where practical at Penguin Headland, plant deep SCC natural resources team, rooted vegetation to help stabilise rotational Bushcare and local residents failures. Action 9.6 Monitor the landslip area at Penguin Head for SCC natural resources team evidence of movement, including changes to water seepage.

RELATED MANAGEMENT  Lake Wollumboola Estuary Management Plan  Estuary Health Report Cards – Lake Wollumboola  Southern Rivers Catchment Management Authority Catchment Action Plan  Jervis Bay National Park Plan of Management

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Strategy 10: Caring for the Coast – Jervis Bay Marine Park Area

LOCALITY AND ISSUES

The Jervis Bay area includes rapidly growing areas such as Huskisson and Vincentia, and multiple small villages, including Currarong (on the open coast), Callala Bay, Callala Beach, Collingwood Beach and Hyams Beach. The villages are separated by natural areas managed as National Park. The white sands of the Jervis Bay beaches and the low wave energy, low gradient beaches are a major attraction for visitors. Both local residents and visitors also value foreshore access ways for walking and cycling. Callala Beach, which faces east is more exposed to erosion than other Jervis Bay beaches and was severely impacted by the 1974 storm. Key Issues and Risks Figures 5.6, 5.7, 5.8, 5.9 and 5.10 show coastal hazards for Currarong Beach and the beaches around Jervis Bay Currarong Currarong has experienced severe dune/foreshore erosion in recent years caused by prevailing weather/tidal conditions and to a lesser extent human interaction. Currarong dune erosion Periodically undermined stair access ways require geo- textile bag support and/or replacement in situ as/when

future beach recession occurs. In the longer term, (2050 hazard predictions) road way and water mains along Warrain Crescent and the ten most easterly residences are potentially affected by erosion and recession. Council’s caravan park and Currarong creek frontage residences are potentially affected by flooding. Callala Bay Low gradient beach, susceptible to erosion at high tides, with slow recovery. Access ways and reserve edge are intermittently undermined. Callala Bay pre-works (2005)

Coastal Environment Solutions (CES) were engaged in 2003 to provide a comprehensive coastal hazard analysis for Callala Bay and provide management options for consideration. The study concluded the boat ramp construction in the 1970s interrupted natural sand migration which accelerated erosion on the northern side of the ramp. The new ramp built in 2000 partially addressed this with a permeable structure and erosion rates have slowed. However major storms will still erode the shore. No private property will be at risk in the 50 year planning period; therefore Callala Bay is not subject to DCP118 at Callala Bay post works (2005) this stage.

The erosion control options provided by CES were of significant scale and were considered not permissible within a Marine Park, nor affordable. SMEC was engaged in 2008 to review the CES study and provide preferred option selections. These included groyne structures and beach nourishment at various scales and locations (Appendix 7). Beach scraping was undertaken in 2005 based on advice provided by SMEC and a Landscape Master Plan was developed to guide future management of the coastal Callala Bay post storm (2005) reserve.

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Callala Beach \

High risk 12 Residences are within the immediate coastal erosion risk area (ZRFC).

Other issues and risks A further 80+ residences, the Callala Beach Community Centre building and associated amenities and parts of Greenway Road are within the 2050 coastal erosion risk area.

Callala Beach Collingwood Beach Extreme risk

A sewerage pump station and multiple residences are

within the 2050 coastal erosion risk area. Other risks and issues Sewerage and water infrastructure, roadways and the

public cycleway are all affected by the 2050 coastal hazard

area. See Appendix 2 for details. More than 100 residences are potentially affected by coastal recession (ZRFC) by 2050.

There are local conflicts about management direction for Collingwood Beach pathway foreshore reserves – with a focus on biodiversity outcomes

or recreational amenity, and public or private benefits. Plantation Pt and Hyams Pt Slope instability issues affect headlands such as Plantation and Hyams Points. Properties are at risk in the long term.

Hyams Pt

PROPOSED MANAGEMENT - Jervis Bay Marine Park Area

Strategic risk management: In the short to medium term, accommodate change by building community capacity and by targeted land management, combined with planning controls to avoid future risk. For Currarong, the immediate strategy also includes trialling limited coastal protection works. Longer term strategy is managed retreat and/or redesign of assets. Triggers for change: Change from monitoring to detailed feasibility and design studies when actual coastal erosion brings the erosion escarpment to within 30 metres of sewerage and water infrastructure and/or increasing groundwater levels require relocation of sewerage infrastructure. Actions from Strategies 1 to 7 apply to this locality. These include land use planning framework, community involvement, biodiversity protection, asset management and monitoring and reporting. Additional local actions are noted as follows. N.B. any actions relating to dredging and protection works should be done in consultation with NSW DPI Fisheries, MPA and Crown Lands. The priority for actions is outlined in Section 6.

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CZMP for the Shoalhaven Coastline DRAFT Local Area Actions

Action ID What is proposed Responsibility Action 10.1 At Currarong, construct a geotextile groyne on the narrowest part of SCC asset management the spit, with an anticipated life of 5 years. This is to trial the effect and natural resources of the strategy on sand retention (see Section 4.1.1 for preparatory teams ecological assessment work). Action 10.2 After five years, review performance information (of the condition SCC asset management of the structure and beach profile changes) and determine whether and natural resources to remove or replace the geotextile groyne structure. teams Action 10.3 At Currarong, use beach nourishment (60 cubic metres/metre) west SCC asset management of the groyne, plus a small amount of nourishment east of the and natural resources groyne. teams Action 10.4 At Currarong, install geo-textile bag protection on the seaward end SCC asset management of built access ways (four access ways should be sufficient) or team replace in situ as/when future beach recession occurs. At Peel Street track re-route the access way onto beach. Action 10.5 At Currarong, fence and revegetate the nourished dune to stabilise SCC natural resources the dune form. Review Currarong’s Dunecare Action Plan (Feb team and asset 2012) to address whole of beachfront issues such as fencing, management team removal of toppling trees and education for dune users. At lookout points investigate options to prevent access onto the dune face. Discuss surface stabilising techniques such as geo-textile sediment fence/covers and revegetation. Action 10.6 In Warrain Crescent advise affected landowners of proposals for Infrastructure relocation of structures towards the landward boundary of relocation feasibility is allotments. Relocation of private dwellings would be linked to the for SCC asset cost effectiveness of infrastructure relocation (see below). management team. Action 10.7 Prepare for medium term relocation of water and road SCC asset management infrastructure along the eastern end of Warrain Crescent to the team landward boundary of housing lots – currently these assets are on the seaward boundary. Similarly, where sewerage infrastructure is provided, prepare to relocate it to a more landward position. Note that detailed costing may indicate that infrastructure relocation is not cost effective for the small number of affected properties. Action 10.8 Monitor signs of erosion and/or shoaling around the new boat ramp SCC asset management constructed recently at Currarong. team

Action 10.9 Subject to approval from the Marine Parks Authority, dredge sand SCC natural resources which has built up on the southern side of the jetty and boat ramp team at Callala Bay and place it on the northern side of the jetty, along the face of the foreshore reserve. Some sand may also be sourced from the far side of Callala Headland. Sea grass beds must not be disturbed. The work will be subject to approval from Marine Parks Authority. Action 10.10 Use small scale geobag treatments to help retain the scarp and SCC natural resources absorb wave energy at Callala Bay and to protect access team and asset infrastructure. Geobags to be constructed in accordance with management team Guideline on Seawall Design (OEH 2009) in order to minimise wave reflection and increase biodiversity values. Accompany with beach management such as placing sand from Action 10.9. Concept design is in Figure 5.11.

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Action ID What is proposed Responsibility Action 10.11 Stabilise the shoreline at Sheaffe St, Callala Bay, with a wall and SCC natural resources potentially a small ‘stub groyne’. The works are proposed to protect and asset management the road, control storm water flows across the beach and slow loss teams of sand to the north. A boardwalk style viewing platform could be built over the wall, with seating and ramp access onto the beach. Action 10.12 Upgrade disabled/less able access along the Callala Bay foreshore, SCC natural resources including erosion resistant ramps, rails and mobi mat (for access and community onto the beach and into the nearshore waters); viewing platforms services teams and connecting along shore pathways. Focus on the area between the Junior Sailing Club, Jetty and Sheaffe Street. Action 10.13 At Callala Beach, maintain dune crest levels at a minimum of 6.0m SCC natural resources AHD to minimise the risk of wave overtopping. Dune heights can be team enhanced by beach scraping and dune management measures. (See Section 4.1.1 for preparatory ecological assessment work) Action 10.14 Consult with local residents at Callala Beach about reducing the SCC natural resources frequency of private pedestrian tracks across the frontal dunes. The and community aim is to close and rehabilitate some tracks to reduce pressures on services teams the dune vegetation and encourage a resilient landform. Action 10.15 Prepare for medium term relocation of sewerage infrastructure SCC asset management along the beach front reserve at Collingwood Beach, between Argyle team Street and Berry Street. This infrastructure is in the 2050ZSA. It would be moved back to along the road, behind the houses. Relocation timing would be subject to detailed feasibility and design studies, linked to asset life and/or recession of the dune escarpment to within 30 metres of the infrastructure. Action 10.16 After major storms scrape sand from the lower beach face of SCC natural resources Collingwood Beach to reinforce the toe of the eroded dune scarp. team and asset (See Section 4.1.1 for preparatory ecological assessment work.) management team Action 10.17 At Collingwood beach maintain the dune crest level at a minimum of SCC natural resources 5.0 m AHD. Dune heights can be enhanced by beach scraping and team dune management measures. (See Section 4.1.1 for preparatory ecological assessment work.) Action 10.18 At Hyams Point, install signage warning of rock fall danger onto the SCC community rock platform. services team

Action 10.19 At Plantation Point, remove trees near the crest of the bluff that are SCC natural resources at risk of toppling. This will reduce the likelihood of slope failures team induced by tree fall. Fallen/removed trees should be replaced with appropriate native vegetation to stabilise the ground surface. Action 10.20 Prepare a Plan of Management for the Collingwood Beach Reserve. SCC natural resources Select and maintain coastal vegetation to protect coastal views, team and community stabilise the dune surface, provide habitat for small birds and other services team species and provide shade at key locations for coastal pathway users. Collingwood Beach is a heavily used foreshore recreation area. The narrow frontal dune, which has recovered after severe erosion in the 1974 storm, is backed by a shared walking and cycleway, with residential properties immediately landward of the pathway. Patterns of vegetation height and density in the foredune are a source of controversy in the local community.

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Action ID What is proposed Responsibility Collingwood Beach is an example of a foreshore reserve where dune surface stability/erosion buffer and recreational/visual amenity are key functions of vegetation in the coastal landscape, with biodiversity a less important value. Action 10.21 Prepare a Plan of Management for reserves along Nelson, Orion and SCC natural resources Barfleur Beaches and Plantation Point. These reserves are team and community important recreation and tourism assets for the local community, services team with residential development close by. For Nelson, Orion and Barfleur Beach reserves adapt landscaping and vegetation management to enhance visual and recreation values, with biodiversity a second level objective. Action 10.22 Prepare and implement a weed management plan for the foreshore SCC natural resources and for saltmarsh areas in Currumbene Creek. team Action 10.23 Prepare and implement a weed management plan as part of a SCC natural resources foreshore rehabilitation strategy for Huskisson and Moona Moona team Creek. Action 10.24 Audit site constraints and foundation capacity of community SCC asset management buildings such as the sailing clubat Callala Bay and ennis club at or engineering teams Callala beach, to inform decisions about the timing of relocation.

RELATED MANAGEMENT  Currarong Creek Flood Risk Management Plan  Currarong Creek Dredging Strategy  Currarong Dunecare Action Plan  Plan of Management for Jervis Bay Marine Park

5.1.1 Sand for beach replenishment in Jervis Bay Marine Park

Private and public assets are at risk from coastal erosion and recession at four villages adjacent to the Jervis Bay Marine Park. For each of these locations, the proposed management includes beach scraping to manage the local sand resources to provide a more resilient frontal dune system. Beach scraping is defined (Carley et. al. 2010) as ‘the movement of sand from the intertidal zone to the dune or upper beach by mechanical means.’ Beach scraping is designed to mimic but speed up natural beach and dune recovery processes after storms. It does not involve importing sand from outside the active littoral compartment of the beach.

Beach and dune management works are proposed at:  Currarong (a temporary structure in the nearshore is also proposed at Currarong)  Callala Beach  Callala Bay (see Figure 5.11)  Collingwood Beach.

The foreshore of coastal villages around Jervis Bay lies within the Jervis Bay Marine Park. The villages where beach scraping works are proposed are within Habitat Protection Zones in the Park. Any action that has the potential to disturb habitat within the Jervis Bay Marine Park must comply with the Marine Parks Act 1997, Regulations and Zoning. Figure 5.12 shows the relationship between areas where beach scraping and dune protection works are proposed and the zoning of the Jervis Bay Marine Park.

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Figure 5.11 Concept design for works at Callala Bay

Figure 5.12 – Zoning of Jervis Bay Marine Park (source Marine Parks Authority)

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Section 18 (clauses 4, 5 and 6, see following) sets out the circumstances in which sand extraction may be permitted within a marine park. Clause 18 also prohibits mining for minerals within a marine park, except when expressly authorised by an Act of Parliament.

Marine Parks Act 1997 Section 18 (4) This section (to prohibit mining in a marine park) does not apply to or in respect of sand extraction within a marine park for conservation purposes or for the purpose of preventing the risk of serious injury to a person or harm to the environment that is carried out in accordance with a consent granted under this section and any other authorisation required under any other Act. (5) The relevant Ministers may grant consent (with or without conditions) to the carrying out of sand extraction within a marine park but only if satisfied that the sand extraction is for a purpose referred to in subsection (4). (6) In deciding whether to grant consent, the relevant Ministers must have regard to the assessment criteria (if any) prescribed by the regulations.

Marine Parks (Zoning Plans) Regulation (1999), Clause 1.13, specifically addresses dredging for beach replenishment in Sanctuary Zones in Jervis Bay Marine Park. Beach scraping is within the definition of dredging for beach replenishment in the Regulation.

Beach replenishment activity means the excavation Dredging activity means any activity that involves of or extraction of sand or other material for the the excavation of land submerged (whether purpose of replenishing a beach. permanently or intermittently) by water.

Clause 1.13 makes it an offence to carry out dredging for beach replenishment without the consent of the relevant Minister. In particular, the Minister must not grant consent for dredging for beach replenishment in a sanctuary zone unless the Minister is (a) satisfied that the activity is necessary to prevent a serious risk of injury to a person, damage to property or harm to the environment, or (b) the activity is dredging activity and it is being carried out as part of an organised research activity.

Therefore, in order to carry out beach scraping (or other beach replenishment) and dune nourishment works at beaches around the shore of Jervis Bay or at Currarong, SCC must first obtain the consent of the Ministers responsible for Marine Parks and Primary Industries, and Environment.

Separately, the Fisheries Management Act sets out provisions to protect marine vegetation (mangroves, seagrass and seaweeds whether alive or dead) from ‘harm’. ‘Harm’ includes ‘gather, cut, pull up, destroy, poison, dig up, remove, injure, prevent light from reaching or otherwise harm the marine vegetation, or any part of it’. A permit is required from NSW DPI to harm marine vegetation, including seagrasses. NSW DPI will generally not permit collection of seagrass from declared Intertidal Protected Areas, Aquatic Reserves and Marine Parks (NSW DPI 2007). These regulations mean that Council must be able to demonstrate that proposed intertidal beach scraping will not harm seagrass (alive or dead).

There is relatively limited research evidence about the significance if impacts of beach scraping on beach biodiversity, particularly in low wave energy environments such as Jervis Bay and/or environments where there is a low level of other disturbance. As part of proposed beach scraping activities, SCC proposes to establish baseline ecological condition/diversity for affected beaches and monitor changes over time (see Section 4.1.1 for further information). The monitoring program would be established in consultation with Marine Parks Authority and NSW DPI.

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Strategy 11: Caring for the Coast – Central Shoalhaven: St Georges Basin, Inyadda Point, Berrara, Bendalong, Lake Conjola and Manyana

LOCALITY AND ISSUES

The coastline of the central Shoalhaven is highly valued by these small communities and by visitors for the natural environment. Recreational values are based on safe family beaches, estuary swimming, good surfing breaks, fishing (rock, estuary and near shore) and coastal walks. There are multiple coastal walking tracks that pass through coastal reserves and connect the villages, as well as short local area walks along coastal creeks and lagoon shorelines. The villages are popular family holiday destinations, with camping grounds and cabin accommodation. Peak summer population is three to five times the normal population of the villages, but the area is still not crowded like the larger centres to the north and south. Key Issues and Risks Figures 5.13 and 5.14 show the geotechnical risk areas. Potential slope instability (large slump) at Inyadda Point. Residential areas are not affected by coastal erosion and recession hazards. Visitor infrastructure, including walking paths, picnic areas and boat ramps is very low key and has limited capacity for summer visitor numbers. Facilities need upgrading. High value ecological communities are affected by invasive species. The noxious marine weed species, Caulerpa taxifolia occurs in the lake and could spread without vigilant management. This will be addressed in the Estuary Management Plan.

Inyadda Point.

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PROPOSED MANAGEMENT - Central Shoalhaven: St Georges Basin, Inyadda Point, Berrara, Bendalong, Lake Conjola and Manyana

Strategic risk management: In the short to medium term, accommodate change by building community awareness and capacity and the resilience of natural systems. Monitor actual changes in slope instability hazards; use planning controls to require additional knowledge of hazards. Triggers for change: Evidence of significant actual increases in slope instability risks for residential properties could shift the approach to managed retreat and/or protect built assets Actions from Strategies 1 to 7 apply to this locality. These include land use planning framework, community involvement, biodiversity protection, dune management, asset management and monitoring and reporting. Additional local actions are listed below. Priorities are suggested in Section 6. Action ID What is proposed Responsibility

Action 11.1 Monitor changes to the slope at Inyadda Point, particularly SCC natural resources team. the growth of tension cracks after prolonged rainfall events. For new development, consent conditions may be used to acquire additional information about changes to slope processes. Action 11.2 At Inyadda Point, install signage warning of rock fall danger SCC community services onto the rock platform below the cliff. team Action 11.3 At Berrara Headland install signage warning of rockfall SCC community services danger. team Action 11.4 Remove weeds from the Bangalay Sand Forest EEC at North SCC natural resources team, Bendalong. The community is in good condition and is with Bushcare therefore a high priority for protection and weed control. Action 11.5 Manage severe weed infestation at Bendalong headland, in SCC natural resources team, conjunction with works to rationalise and upgrade car with Bushcare parking and pedestrian access tracks onto the beach and headland Action 11.6 Prepare and implement a weed control plan for coastal EECs SCC natural resources team, at Conjurong Point and Inyadda Beach. with Bushcare Action 11.7 Convert the old coastal road to North Bendalong to a walking SCC natural resources and track, including a surface suitable for pedestrian use. Fence community services teams, areas of sensitive but relatively intact vegetation along with Bushcare walking tracks, to reduce trampling and other disturbance of adjoining EECs. Improve the walking track to Conjuring Point. Action 11.8 Close dangerous and eroding tracks (from top of headland to SCC natural resources and the beach) at Bendalong and North Bendalong. For preferred community services teams access tracks, upgrade safety and amenity with upgrades to stairs and ramps. Action 11.9 Upgrade car parks at Bendalong (off Bendalong Road), North SCC asset management and Bendalong and Ottowa Street Conjurong, to reduce damage community services teams and control erosion. Action 11.10 Upgrade facilities/amenity in reserves at North Bendalong, SCC community services Dee Beach and the boat ramp, including picnic facilities and teams landscaping. Action 11.11 At Manyana, replace playground equipment and upgrade the SCC asset management and toilet block to disabled standards community services teams Action 11.12 At Inyadda Point, upgrade and formalise the car park and SCC asset management and upgrade the facilities/amenity of the picnic area. community services teams

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Action 11.13 At Lake Conjola, use minor sand nourishment, as necessary, SCC natural resources and to improve the amenity of recreational foreshores adjacent asset management teams to the boat ramp near the lake entrance. Review signage at the boat ramp and in coastal reserves and remove unnecessary/outdated signs, to improve clarity and visual amenity. Action 11.14 At Lake Conjola, protect and repair barrier dune system SCC natural resources team, including collapsed northern end adjacent to the beach with local community boardwalk. Bushcare Action 11.15 At Lake Conjola, prepare an integrated coastal dune and SCC natural resources team vegetation management strategy for the coastal reserves, to with local community enhance ecological connectivity Bushcare Action 11.16 Review entrance management practices at Lake Conjola, and SCC natural resources team align with the NSW Government recommendations for ICOLLs meeting ‘significant protection’ requirements, (note entrance management strategies for all coastal lakes should align with their protection status, balanced with emergency flood mitigation requirements).

RELATED MANAGEMENT St Georges Basin Estuary Management Plan St Georges Basin Flood Risk Management Study and Plan Lake Conjola Estuary Management Plan (Under review) Lake Conjola Flood Risk Study and Plan (in preparation) Lake Conjola Interim Entrance Strategy (draft) Shoalhaven LEP 2009 and DCP 118 Healthy Rivers Commission Independent Inquiry into Coastal Lakes (State Government guidelines for ICOLL management).

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CZMP for the Shoalhaven Coastline DRAFT Local Area Actions

Strategy 12: Caring for the Coast – Narrawallee Beach, Bannister Headland and Mollymook LOCALITY AND ISSUES Narrawallee is an established residential area (primarily dating to 1960s and 1970s), almost separated from Mollymook by bushland reserve; residential development is separated from the beach by an extensive foreshore reserve, enhancing the ‘natural’ atmosphere. The reserve connects to Narrawallee Nature Reserve, which bounds the village to the north. The village has important historical mining connections. Mollymook and Bannisters Headland is an established seaside residential area, with high value properties (ocean views) and evidence of redevelopment to attract and maintain tourist interest. Mollymook (south end in particular) is an urban beach, with very high summer visitation rates. Patrolled safe ocean swimming beach, suitable for all levels of ability with Surf Club and large Golf Club in ocean frontage positions. Extensive rock platform, connecting around headland to Collers Beach. Low dune and narrow foreshore reserve provide good views from residential areas and easy public beach access at multiple locations. Key Issues Coastal hazards for Narrawallee, Mollymook and Bannisters Headland are shown in Figures 5.15, 5.16 and 5.17. These include coastal erosion, recession, creek entrance migration and slope instability. Part of Mollymook Beach is an Authorised Location for emergency coastal protection works.

Narrawallee Low frontal dunes at the northern end of Narrawallee Beach are susceptible to wave overtopping. Facilities at the northern and southern ends of the beach are Narrawallee – low dunes not adequate for usage.

Mollymook Extreme Risk Mollymook Surf Club and Golf Club are within the 2050 coastal erosion risk area. Sewerage pump stations are within the 2050 coastal erosion risk area. 15 residential properties are in the immediate coastal erosion Mollymook Golf Club risk area (ZRFC). A further 46 residences are projected to be in the 2050 coastal erosion risk area (ZRFC). Other issues and risks Assets At Mollymook, multiple sewerage infrastructure assets are assessed as high risks in the 2050 timeframe, including rising mains, gravity mains and trunk mains. Several water mains are also within this hazard area, as are parts of Ocean Road and Beach Road, surf club car park, storm water outlets and the Mollymook Beach bridge on Mitchell Parade. Homes behind the low dune near the creek are potentially affected by wave overtopping. Other Pedestrian tracks across the dunes are spaced too closely. The toilet block and other amenities at northern end of beach need upgrading. Bannisters Headland is affected by slope instability which Mollymook Beach & Dunes affects the safety of public access and the design of private residences.

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PROPOSED MANAGEMENT – Narrawallee Beach, Bannister Headland and Mollymook

Strategic risk management Accommodate change by protecting healthy natural systems and building community capacity, with preparation for long term managed retreat of community infrastructure and assets and planning controls to prevent increases in risk. Some assets in this area are already protected by sea walls. Triggers for change Asset life of sea walls, roads, water and sewerage infrastructure within coastal hazard areas. Actual recession of the dune escarpment and/or actual changes to slope stability. Actions from Strategies 1 to 7 apply to this locality. These include land use planning framework, community involvement, biodiversity protection, asset management and monitoring and reporting. Priorities for management are suggested in Section 6.

Action ID What is proposed Responsibility Action 12.1 At Narrawallee Beach, maintain dune crest levels at 6.0m SCC natural resources team AHD, to minimise risk of wave overtopping of dunes into the reserve, or to cut off the headland track. Monitor dune crest height over time. Action 12.2 At Narrawallee Beach, review pedestrian track spacing and SCC natural resources and fence tracks that are selected to remain, to protect dune community services teams vegetation (see also Narrawallee Southern Foreshore Reserve Management Strategy (SCC 2005). Action 12.3 Construct an amenities block at the southern end of SCC asset management Narrawallee Beach, adjacent to the patrolled surf beach. team

Action 12.4 Upgrade amenities and car parking facilities at the northern SCC asset management end of Narrawallee Beach, adjacent to Narrawallee Lagoon. team

Action 12.5 Narrawallee-Bannisters Point – as part of the Southern SCC community services Shoalhaven walks development, develop information boards team about the history of this area, including silicon mining, early railway along the coast and shipping. Action 12.6 At Bannisters Headland, fence the crest area that is open to SCC community services and pedestrian access along Mitchell Parade. asset management teams

Action 12.7 Review the design of the revetment (previously designed by SCC asset management and Public Works Department in 1992) which protects community services teams development and infrastructure at the southern end of Mollymook Beach. The revetment was not designed to meet sea level rise projections currently available. Maintain or reconstruct the revetment as necessary to apply best practice design. Modifications should include provision for safe disabled access onto the beach. Action 12.8 Audit site constraints and foundation capacity of community SCC asset management of buildings and infrastructure at Mollymook, including surf engineering teams club, wastewater pump stations, to inform decisions about future relocation options and timing. Action 12.9 Construct a buried gabion wall or rock wall on the northern SCC asset management side of the Blackwater Creek entrance, at beach berm level. team The wall would train the creek entrance to prevent migration across the dune, therefore lowing dune height and volume. Action 12.10 Plan for relocation of Council owned sewer infrastructure SCC asset management including a pipeline and pumping stations that are located team seaward of the Mollymook Beach 50 year ZSA. Appendix 3

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lists extreme and very high hazard infrastructure at Mollymook. Timing of the infrastructure relocation will be determined by asset life and by erosion escarpment reaching a minimum of 20 metres from the pump station. Action 12.11 At Mollymook Beach, maintain the dune crest height at 5.5m SCC natural resources team AHD, to minimise the risk of wave overtopping. This is particularly important near the creek entrances. Dune height may be maintained by beach scraping, structures to prevent creek scouring across the dune face and dune management measures (including invasive species control and fencing). Monitor dune crest height over time. Action 12.12 Consult with residents along Mollymook Beach about SCC natural resources and reducing the frequency of pedestrian access ways from community services teams private dwellings across the dunes. The aim is to reduce pressures on dune vegetation and to enhance the resilience of dune landforms. Action 12.13 Conduct a community awareness program at Mollymook in SCC community services peak summer periods, about approved dog exercise areas teams and responsible control of dogs in off leash areas. Action 12.14 At North Mollymook, improve (make practical) disabled SCC asset management and access to the beach in the vicinity of the toilet block and community services teams seasonal lifeguard facility. Action 12.15 Upgrade the toilet block at North Mollymook. Note that this SCC asset management area is in the immediate hazard zone. A light weight team structure and flexible sewer connection should be considered. Action 12.16 At Mollymook, install diffusers on storm water drains which SCC asset management discharge onto recreational beach areas (e.g. in front of the team surf club). As part of ongoing storm water system improvements (WSUD), investigate opportunities to improve storm water quality for this location. Action 12.17 At the Mollymook ‘bogey hole’, install heritage interpretation SCC community services signage, in consultation with the local Aboriginal community. team This rockpool may originally have been an Aboriginal fish trap, later enlarged and used for recreation. Action 12.18 At Collers Point, install signage warning of rockfall danger. SCC community services team

Action 12.19 At Bannisters Point, clearly mark private property boundaries SCC natural resources and with the headland reserve and remove illegal structures, community development gardens etc from the reserve. teams, in consultation with local residents.

RELATED MANAGEMENT  Narrawallee Nature Reserve Plan of Management  Estuary Health Report Cards – Narrawallee Lagoon  Shoalhaven LEP 2009 and draft DCP 118

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CZMP for the Shoalhaven Coastline DRAFT Local Area Actions

Strategy 13: Caring for the Coast – Ulladulla

LOCALITY AND ISSUES

Ulladulla is the urban and commercial centre for southern Shoalhaven, with extensive urban development in coastal context area, but away from actual coastline; the Princes Highway passes through the centre of town, including across the harbour shoreline. Motel, cabin and camping ground visitor accommodation. Ulladulla has a strong marine/fishing heritage. Urban development is framed by large reserves on the headlands, with strong natural and cultural values. Rennies Beach is a relatively isolated pocket beach, with steep stairway access at two locations only; favoured by local young people. Backed by steep bluff and bushland reserve. Collers Beach is a pocket beach with residential development immediately adjacent. Used by locals for daily recreation – walks etc. High value residential properties are located on the north facing headland and along the beach. Key Issues Figure 5.18 shows coastal hazards affecting Collers Beach. Figures 5.19 and 5.20 show the geotechnical hazards at Collers and Rennies Beaches.

Coastal risks A few low lying properties at Collers Beach are within the coastal inundation area. The sea wall around the shore of Ulladulla Harbour is undermined by storm waves, with Collers Beach related risks for safety and for the stability of adjacent main roads. The shoreline is continuing to adjust to changed hydrodynamic conditions associated with the construction of the breakwaters. The headland south of Ulladulla towards Racecourse Beach is affected by slope instability hazards, with rocks falling to the rock platform below. Access ways down steep slopes such as to Ulladulla Harbour Rennies Beach are eroded. These slopes are also

affected by invasive species.

PROPOSED MANAGEMENT - Ulladulla

Strategic Risk Management Accommodate change by building community awareness and capacity and by targeted protection of healthy natural systems. Hazard likelihood is already managed by coastal protection works at Ulladulla Harbour, but a design review and seawall reconstruction are required (see Appendix 7). Planning controls will require additional information from proponents in coastal hazard areas on cliffs and bluffs. Triggers for change Evidence of change in slope instability risk profile. Cost-benefit analysis of maintenance of coastal protection structures. Actions from Strategies 1 to 7 apply to this locality. These include land use planning framework, community involvement, biodiversity protection, asset management and monitoring and reporting. Additional local actions are noted below. Priorities for action are suggested in Section 6.

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Action ID What is proposed Responsibility

Action 13.1 Maintain and upgrade the rock protection structure on the SCC asset management team, landward shore of Ulladulla Harbour to suitable design with support from NSW standards to provide robust protection for the Princes Highway, Roads and Maritime (grant including for climate change conditions. Interim remediation has been applied for) works were undertaken in 2006 to address public safety and amenity of the area and trialled the selective reconstruction of the existing rock combined with sand scraping/beach nourishment. These works were monitored and have recently approached failure. Replacement of the failed rock toe protection is now urgently required to prevent catastrophic failure of the highly used public recreation space overlooking the harbour. If there is a view to maintain a beach within this part of the harbour, some sand replenishment would be necessary. Action 13.2 Support Bushcare activities at Rennies Beach, with a focus on SCC natural resources team, removal of priority weeds and rehabilitation of locally with Bushcare indigenous species on public land, to enhance biodiversity and coastal ecological resilience. The work would be in accordance with an updated Plan of Management. Action 13.3 At Rennies Beach, in consultation with Ulladulla Board Riders SCC asset management team Association, construct a viewing platform overlooking Rennies and community services team and Pocket Beaches. This will help control erosion and unnecessary pedestrian/bike traffic on steep access tracks. Action 13.4 Enhance access facilities at Warden Head Reserve, including Crown Lands Division of DPI, improved parking, picnic facilities and signage. These changes with support from SCC would be included in a reserve management plan. The plan community development. should be reviewed in consultation with Ulladulla Local Aboriginal Land Council, including the preparation of an Memorandum of Understanding about the maintenance of walking tracks on the headland

RELATED MANAGEMENT  Warden Head Reserve Plan of Management  Shoalhaven LEP 2009 and draft DCP 118

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Strategy 14: Caring for the Coast – Burrill Lake and Lake Tabourie

LOCALITY AND ISSUES

The villages at Burrill Lake and Lake Tabourie are built around the lake entrances and have grown from traditional coastal holiday camps and fishing villages. They are still dominated by holiday visitors and related economic activity. Residents and visitors are attracted by the natural environment of the area, and by easy access to lake and ocean landscapes for boating and fishing. Burrill Lake in particular, is close to Ulladulla for services provided by larger towns. Key Issues and Risks Racecourse Beach headland Figure 5.21 shows the geotechnical hazards at Racecourse Beach Headland The major issues at Burrill Lake and Lake Tabourie are associated with flood risks in the estuaries. Council is taking action to better define and manage these risks through preparation of flood risk management plans and entrance management plans for the lakes. At Tabourie Lake, there are also occasional poor water quality incidents.

Burrill Lake Entrance

PROPOSED MANAGEMENT – Burrill Lake and Lake Tabourie

Strategic Risk Management: Accommodate change by building community capacity and by building and infrastructure design to change hazard consequences. In the longer term, it is likely that managed retreat will become necessary for some houses caravan park sites, walking paths and infrastructure on very low lying land. Triggers for change: See details in the Flood Risk Management Plans for these lakes. Actions from Strategies 1 to 7 apply to this locality. These include land use planning framework, community involvement, biodiversity protection, asset management and monitoring and reporting. Priorities for management are suggested in Section 6.

Action ID What is proposed Responsibility Action 14.1 Assess coastal inundation hazard affecting he caravan SCC natural resources parks around the lake entrance area, using best available and asset management high resolution terrain data teams, with support Note: Council is preparing flood risk studies and plans for from OEH Burrill Lake which will incorporate this action

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Action ID What is proposed Responsibility Action 14.2 Investigate sand nourishment along the Burrill lake SCC natural resources foreshore, using sand dredged from the Lake entrance, to and asset management improve public access and amenity along the foreshore. teams, with support See also the Burrill lake Estuary Management Plan and from OEH Flood Risk Management Plan Action 14.3 On the Racecourse Beach Headland identify the boundary SCC natural resources and between the reserve and adjoining private land and remove community development illegal structures from the reserve teams, in consultation with local landholders Action 14.4 Upgrade the coastal walking track from Bawley Point, through Crown Lands Division of Kioloa, Merry Beach, Cormorant Beach, Gannet Beach to DPI, with input from OEH Murramarang Beach and Racecourse Beach and SCC community development and local community organisations

RELATED MANAGEMENT  Burrill Lake Flood Risk Management Plan  Tabourie Lake Flood Risk Management Plan  Burrill Lake Estuary Management Plan and Entrance Management Strategy  Estuary Health Scorecard for Burrill Lake  Tabourie Lake Estuary Management plan and Entrance Management Strategy  Estuary Health Scorecard for Tabourie Lake

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CZMP for the Shoalhaven Coastline DRAFT Local Area Actions

Strategy 15: Caring for the Coast – Southern Beaches

LOCALITY AND ISSUES

The small villages in this area (such as Bawley Point, Kioloa, North Durras, Murramarang, Gannet Beach and Cormorant Beach) are surrounded by Murramarang and Meroo National Parks and the Batemans Bay Marine Park also reaches into the far south of SCC. The villages are relatively remote and continue to function primarily as holiday destinations, with retirees as a significant group in the population. Villages have low permanent occupancy rates and the naturalness of the environment and coastline is highly valued by residents and visitors. Key Issues and Risks Kioloa boat ramp

Based on currently available information, some caravan park/holiday village sites are expected to be affected by coastal erosion/recession over the 2050 time frame and beyond. Other issues relate principally to managing an appropriate balance between conservation management and recreational access and amenity. There are significant differences in local opinion about this balance.

The beaches are very popular summer holiday destinations so managing parking capacity, boat Gannet Beach launching facilities and walking tracks to be functional at these times, without detracting from the amenity of the areas for permanent residents is also an issue. Minor issues include the quality of signage at boat ramps and picnic areas and the adequacy of picnic tables. Toilets and other amenities. At Gannet and Cormorant Beaches, residential development is located immediately landward of the coastal foreshore reserve. Small patches of quality habitat exist on the dunes and together provide connected wildlife habitat. Twenty years ago the dunes in front of development had limited vegetation, so long term residents recall a time with unobstructed views to the beach. As dune vegetation is restored, elements of that view are being replaced with a view of bushland. Recent detailed vegetation mapping in these reserves has confirmed the presence of endangered ecological communities that are affected by various weed species. There are multiple access tracks through the foreshore reserve, particularly at Gannet Beach. Bawley Point

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PROPOSED MANAGEMENT – Southern Beaches Strategic risk management: Accommodate change by community awareness and involvement and maintaining the resilience of local biodiversity Triggers for change: Community engagement during major reviews of plans of management for reserves

Actions from Strategies 1 to 7 apply to this locality. These include land use planning framework, community involvement, biodiversity protection, asset management and monitoring and reporting. Priorities for actions are suggested in Section 6. Action ID What is proposed Responsibility

Action 15.1 Revise and update the 1996 Gannet Beach Reserve Plan of SCC natural resources and Management. community services teams. As part of the review of the Gannet Beach Reserve Plan of Partner with local community Management, consult with landowners about specific organisations and Department of objectives and functions of foredune vegetation. Include Lands Cormorant Beach in the review. Action 15.2 Prepare a Plan of Management for Cormorant Beach. The SCC natural resources and Plan should be consistent with the Plan for Gannet Beach. community services teams. Consider consolidating the reserve lands and preparing a Partner with local community single Plan of Management. groups and CLD Action 15.3 Support Bushcare activities that focus on removal of priority SCC natural resources and weeds and rehabilitation of biodiversity resilience, in community series teams. Partner accordance with the updated Plan of Management. with SRCMA as relevant through funding programs. Action 15.4 Prepare a Plan of Management for the Bawley Point SCC natural resources and Reserve. This management plan should also address vehicle community services teams. access across the reserve to popular fishing and diving Partner with local community places. It would identify (and formalise/upgrade) parking groups and CLD areas and access to be retained and fence off other tracks to assist with rehabilitation. Consult with local users about preferred access ways and suitable access controls. Action 15.5 Prepare a Plan of Management for the Murramarang/ SCC natural resources and Racecourse Beach Coastal Reserve. This will include clear community services teams. identification of reserve boundaries with residential Partner with local community development and removal of illegal structures that impinge groups and CLD on the reserve. Action 15.6 Prepare a Plan of Management for the Merry Beach Coastal SCC natural resources and Reserve. community services teams. Partner with local community groups and CLD Action 15.7 Develop and implement a foreshore management plan for SCC natural resources and Kioloa, focusing on the reserve near the boat ramp The Plan community services teams. would address monitoring and maintaining the condition of Partner with local community the boat ramp, car and trailer parking, foreshore vegetation groups and CLD (DPI) and the safety of users of the ramp and adjoining beach. Action 15.8 Consider installation of fitness and recreation equipment in SCC community services teams. an appropriate high use foreshore reserve location (e.g. Partner with local community Murramarang North) to aid in promoting exercise and a groups and CLD (DPI) healthy lifestyle.

RELATED MANAGEMENT  Plans of management for local foreshore reserves  Shoalhaven LEP 2009 and draft DCP118  Southern Rivers CMA Catchment Action Plan

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6.0 Integrated implementation schedule

Section 6 – Integrated implementation schedule

This section presents the schedule of the actions and priority in delivering Council’s strategies for a cared for coast – a coastal landscape that is safe, healthy and where critical risks are properly managed. The schedule will assist Council with streamlined implementation by clearly identifying actions which should be included in its operational planning and budget cycles. It also provides information to the Minister for the Environment for consideration in the certification of the Plan (note that the NSW Government has recently suspended certification of CZMPs as part of its coastal reforms).

6.1 Alignment with Agency Programs

Specific actions in the CZMPS involve continuation or minor modifications to existing management programs by OEH, SRCMA, Marine Parks Authority or Department of Lands. These actions and partners are noted in Table 6.1. SCC has discussed these actions with the relevant organisations, through the Coast and NRFM Committees and in direct consultation.

Table 6.1 – Actions that are a Continuation of Present Management and the Implementation Partners

Agency Actions Has agency Other Partners Timeframe accepted responsibility for this action? OEH Support SCC with monitoring of coastal Yes SRCMA Ongoing. condition (such as Estuary Report Cards). First pass Partner SCC in managing biodiversity and access estuary issues across land tenure boundaries. health Provide updated advice on sea level rise trends report and NSW policy responses. cards are Provide updated advice on revisions of coastal in draft EECs. form. SRCMA Partner SCC in proposals for projects to protect Yes Bushcare and Dependent or enhance coastal biodiversity. local on funding communities priorities Marine Partner SCC in resolving issues around beach Yes OEH – Within Parks nourishment and/or structural protection of acceptable 2 years Authority Jervis Bay villages, without impacting on beach and protected sea grass beds and other Marine Park dune values. management strategies Department Partner SCC in reviewing plans of management Yes Local 2 to of Lands for headland and foreshore reserves, to provide communities 5 years (DPI) consistency. will also be Incorporate coastal recession projections in consulted preparing master plans and plans of about plans management for Crown Reserves. of Assess and manage coastal process and climate management change risks to coastal infrastructure such as sea walls (Shoalhaven Heads, Ulladulla Harbour). Crown As above, where a Reserve Trust exists. Provide Yes Communities 2-5 years Reserve training for Reserve Trust members about will also be Trusts management of coastal processes. consulted

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6.2 Priorities for Implementation

SCC has identified priority strategies and actions to achieve its vision for the coast and specific outcomes in terms of coastal biodiversity, risk management, community access and cost effective management. Important criteria in these decisions include:

 Extreme and very high risks must be addressed as a priority. This includes emergency response actions for private property that is recognised as an authorised location under the Coastal Protection Act 1979 and regulations; asset management plans for major infrastructure, and review of the design and condition of existing coastal protection works.  Actions that provide precautionary risk reduction are a high priority. This applies to land use planning provisions for coastal risk areas, to limit intensification of land use and advise land holders of known risks.  Priority actions will be practical and affordable within available funding for the first 2 years of implementing the CZMPS. In general this means that Council has funds available within its current budget cycle or has already applied for and obtained grant funds.  Actions focused on sourcing long term funding from diverse sources are a high priority  Actions which protect or enhance the biodiversity values of coastal ecological communities, at the same time building the resilience of frontal dune systems, are a high priority. In general, this will involve weed removal programs for coastal EECs, replanting programs that restore connectivity, or access management programs for frontal dunes that reduce fragmentation, add dune volume and close wind tunnels.  Actions that build community awareness, knowledge and resilience, so that local communities are better able to manage coastal process hazards affecting their own properties and local community social assets are a high priority.  Actions that establish an adaptive management framework are a high priority. This includes baseline condition assessment and preparation of effective and affordable coastline monitoring and reporting programs.  Actions that do not require review of statutory controls will be implemented before those that would need a different state policy position.

Actions that achieve several of these criteria are a higher priority than actions which achieve only single criteria.

6.3 Implementation Schedules

Table 6.2 presents the highest priority actions, derived from consideration of the criteria in Section 6.2. Council will commence implementation of these actions within two years of adopting the CZMPS provided funds can be made available. Table 6.3 shows actions to be implemented in years 2-5 after the CZMPS is adopted. Table 6.4 shows actions to be commenced after 5 years, but within the ten year time frame.

Action numbers in Tables 6.2, 6.3 and 6.4 align with those shown in the area wide and local areas actions in Section 5.

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Table 6.2 – Actions in the short term (0-2 years) ranked by priority (1: highest, 2: medium, 3: low) Action Rank (1 high, Why this action is a high Responsibility (Lead Location Cost estimate Funding options Review period 3 low for this priority and partners) time frame) Action 1.1 – In consultation with 2 SCC commitment to Lead by SCC Whole SCC coast Within role of SCC SCC internal 2 years local communities, identify integrated CZM, in line strategic planning staff resources overarching, whole of coastal zone with NSW Guidelines and natural objectives and principles, for resources teams Will help build application in future reviews of community awareness estuary management plans, and capacity entrance management plans and floodplain risk management plans.

Action 1.2 – Prepare a schedule for 2 Will help build Lead by SCC Whole SCC coast Within role of SCC SCC internal 2 years preparation and review of estuary community awareness strategic planning staff resources management plans, entrance and capacity and natural management plans and flood risk resources teams Part of an adaptive management plans, in priority framework for the entire order, linked to the likelihood and coastal zone consequence of coastal emergencies (flooding or erosion). Will assist in attracting grant funds Practical and affordable

Action 1.3 – Present information 1 Will help build Lead by SCC natural Whole SCC coast Within role of SCC SCC internal 2 years on Council’s web site and in community awareness resources and staff resources community engagement activities and capacity communications to show how coastal zone systems teams Part of an adaptive function and how integrated management framework management responses benefits for the entire coastal Council and local communities. zone This would include reporting on long term improvements to Practical and affordable efficiency and to the condition of coastal zone systems.

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Table 6.2 (cont) – Actions in the short term (0-2 years) ranked by priority (1: highest, 2: medium, 3: low)

Action Rank (1 high, Why this action is a high Responsibility (Lead and Location Cost estimate Funding options Review 3 low for this priority partners) period time frame)

Action 1.5 – Maintain a full time 1 Raises profile of need for SCC Whole of SCC Allow $100,000 Internal SCC 5 years position of project manager for long term funding coastal zone sources, coastal zone plan potentially Builds community implementation, including supplemented awareness and capacity sourcing grant funds, project through grants management, cross council Critical to affective adaptive from SRCMA, integration and community management Caring for our liaison. Country

Action 1.6 – Investigate and 1 Council does not have SCC natural resources Relevant to the Would be part of the Investigation and 5 years and scope feasible long term sufficient in-house funding and corporate management of role of the coastal scoping of 10 years funding options for effective options to meet the management teams. locations along the coordinator feasible funding management of the estimated and predicted New funding entire coastline and models would be Shoalhaven coastal zone. costs of urgent coastal zone mechanisms would to the population of conducted with Funding strategies will include management actions and require approval from all parts of SCC existing Council Council rates and levies, longer term, more State government resources. An leveraged by grant integrated coastal zone alternative would management. New funding be a consultancy applications. Future changes models are expected to of around to State and Commonwealth become available as further $20,000 to review government funding roles evidence of the impacts of currently should also be pursued. climate change and sea available options level rise becomes apparent

Action 2.1 – Prepare and deliver 1 Will help build community SCC natural resources Whole SCC coast Within SCC staff SCC internal 2 years community information for awareness and capacity and communications responsibilities, plus resources residents, including tailoring about coastal hazards and teams allow $30,000 for programs for people in high risk risks communication Partners: OEH areas. Information should raise materials the profile of coastal hazards and how/why Council is taking action to reduce risks.

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Table 6.2 (cont) – Actions in the short term (0-2 years) ranked by priority (1: highest, 2: medium, 3: low)

Action Rank (1 high, Why this action is a high Responsibility (Lead and Location Cost estimate Funding options Review 3 low for this priority partners) period time frame)

Action 2.2 – Prepare community 2 Will help build community SCC natural resources Whole SCC coast Within SCC staff SCC internal 2 years awareness and education awareness and capacity and communications responsibilities, plus resources 5 years material about foreshore reserve teams allow $25,000 for Will help to protect and management and ecological communication 10 years enhance biodiversity values Partners: OEH, SRCMA, aspects of coastal dune materials of the coast – a high Crown Lands Division of management. community value and DPI This will be an ongoing action essential for resilience to throughout the time periods. climate change

Action 2.3 – Prepare policy and 2 Will help build community SCC strategic planning Whole SCC coast. Within SCC staff SCC internal 2 years guidelines for community awareness and capacity and community services Will be particularly responsibilities resources buildings in foreshore reserves, teams relevant to surf Contributes to future risk including refurbishment or clubs, tennis clubs, control upgrade of existing buildings, sailing clubs, fishing relocation strategies to avoid clubs in immediate long term climate change risks. foreshore area

Action 2.4 – Prepare information 1 Will help build community SCC natural resources, Whole coast, focus SCC staff SCC internal staff 2 years for landholders about living near awareness and capacity communication and on headlands with responsibility resources geotechnical hazards and how compliance teams slope instability Contributes to they can contribute to risk issues (such as precautionary risk control reduction. Penguin head and Inyadda Point)

Action 3.1 – Add a notation to 1 Contributes to SCC strategic planning Whole of coast Internal staff SCC internal 2 years section 149 (5) certificates for precautionary risk control team responsibility resources properties that are expected to Practical and affordable be affected by coastal erosion risk areas and slope instability Will help to build hazards within the 2025, 2050 community awareness and and 2100 planning horizons, capacity based on currently available sea level rise projections and coastal hazard assessment methods.

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Table 6.2 (cont) – Actions in the short term (0-2 years) ranked by priority (1: highest, 2: medium, 3: low)

Action Rank (1 high, Why this action is a high Responsibility (Lead and Location Cost estimate Funding options Review 3 low for this priority partners) period time frame)

Actions 3.2, 3.3, 3.7 and 3.8 – 1 Major initiative for SCC strategic planning Whole of coast Internal SCC staff SCC internal 2 years Finalise DCP 118, including precautionary risk control team responsibility resources relevant erosion, recession and for existing and future Partners: DP&I slope stability hazard layers, and development use to require specific information with development applicants for proposed development in coastal hazard zones.

Action 3.4 – Prepare trigger 2 Important component of SCC strategic planning Whole of coast Internal SCC staff SCC internal 2 years distances for review of adaptive management team responsibility resources development consent or Contributes to cost relocation of assets, so that effective management of relocation or removal can be risks to assets required when an irreparable coastal hazard impact is Avoidance is a key risk imminent. management strategy

Action 3.9 – Require preparation 1 Contributes to risk SCC strategic planning All mapped slope Internal SCC staff SCC internal 2 years of detailed geotechnical reports, management (very high and development instability hazard responsibility resources certified by qualified and risks) planning teams zones along the experienced geotechnical coast Helps build community engineers or engineering awareness and capacity geologists, to accompany development applications for Will be included in LEP and new development within the DCP requirements mapped geotechnical hazard area.

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Table 6.2 (cont) – Actions in the short term (0-2 years) ranked by priority (1: highest, 2: medium, 3: low)

Action Rank (1 high, Why this action is a high Responsibility (Lead and Location Cost estimate Funding options Review 3 low for this priority partners) period time frame)

Action 4.3 – Maintain and 1 Critical part of adaptive SCC natural resources Whole of coast – all Estimate $20,000 for SCC internal 5 years enhance ecological communities response to coastal erosion and community services frontal dune each dune resources, plus on frontal dunes, considering hazard teams systems management plan; potentially grant appropriate ecological strategies implementation costs funds from Cost effective in the short Partners: OEH (NPWS), for urban (foreshore recreation for each local area are SRCMA programs to medium term Bushcare, SRCMA, reserve) and non urban areas. in Table 6.4 Crown Lands Division of Manage in accordance with Contributes to risk DPI detailed local dune management management but also to plans, prepared in consultation protecting biodiversity with local communities and values Bushcare. High level of community involvement (with Council support)

Action 4.6 – Manage access 3 Contributes to risk SCC natural resources Whole of coast. Within existing staff SCC internal 5 years across frontal dune systems, management but also to and community services Priority locations resources, allow a resources, plus closing and rehabilitating protecting biodiversity teams are in Strategies 8 further $20,000 per potentially grant excessive pathways (including values to 15, and include site for closure and funds from Partners: local illegal tracks from private Currarong, Callala rehabilitation of SRCMA programs Cost effective in the short community properties) that destabilise dune Beach, Mollymook tracks at each site to medium term organisations and morphology and vegetation (see Beach landholders local area plans for specific Helps build community Initial consultation priority locations). awareness and capacity – to occur in first two but note that this action years, but actual will only be successful if track closures and Council has the support of dune rehabilitation local communities likely to be in 2-5 years (listed in Table 6.4)

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Table 6.2 (cont) – Actions in the short term (0-2 years) ranked by priority (1: highest, 2: medium, 3: low)

Action Rank (1 high, Why this action is a high Responsibility (Lead and Location Cost estimate Funding options Review 3 low for this priority partners) period time frame)

Action 4.7 – Support Bushcare 1 Helps build and maintain SCC natural resources Whole of coast, Estimate $90,000 per Council funds plus 5 years activities that focus on removal community awareness and and community services priorities linked to year (including salary grant funds from of priority weed species from capacity, plus offers teams local actions in for coordinator and SRCMA/Caring for foreshore reserves and opportunities for direct Strategies 8 to 15 materials) our Country Partners: OEH, SRCMA, saltmarsh areas, in accordance involvement in protecting Caring for our Country, with an invasive species coastal values Bushcare management plan which also specifies priority locations for building biodiversity resilience. Support training for Bushcare volunteers on weed control strategies for priority locations.

Action 4.10 – In collaboration 3 Cultural heritage values of SCC community services Whole of coast Estimate $50,000 Existing staff 5 years with the local Aboriginal the coast are frequently team resources, (likely to require a community map sites and overlooked in risk potentially Partners: Traditional specialist consultant, important cultural places that assessments – helps to supported by Aboriginal owners and but could be done by are located within coastal close a knowledge gap so small consultancy Local Aboriginal land Council’s Aboriginal erosion risk areas. contributes to adaptive contract Councils, OEH community liaison management officer, with local Aboriginal community representatives)

Action 5.3 – Finalise emergency 1 Statutory requirement SCC natural resources Authorised $5000 Existing Council 1 year action sub plans for Authorised team Locations staff resources Addresses very high Locations. immediate risks Partners: Landholders in Authorised Locations, Shares costs for coastal OEH management with private landholders

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Table 6.2 (cont) – Actions in the short term (0-2 years) ranked by priority (1: highest, 2: medium, 3: low)

Action Rank (1 high, Why this action is a high Responsibility (Lead and Location Cost estimate Funding options Review 3 low for this priority partners) period time frame)

Action 6.1 – Prepare a 1 Underpins adaptive SCC engineering and Whole of coast Estimate $30,000 for Council staff 1 year comprehensive asset management of Council asset management team system assistance to resources, with management strategy for the assets in the coastal zone Council staff minor Partners – Crown Lands coast including a regularly consultancy Feasible and affordable division updated asset register. assistance (e.g. systems set up)

Action 6.2 – Prepare a policy to 1 Addresses very high risk SCC asset management Whole of coast Within existing Existing staff 2 years limit construction of new roads, team Council officer time resources Contributes to limiting sewerage and water assets in future risks. Council sets an coastal hazard areas. example for the community

Action 6.3 – Conduct traffic 3 Contributes to adaptive SCC asset management All roads in hazard $80,000 Could be done by Initial review assessments of existing roads in management, particularly and engineering teams areas along coast. Council at 2 years, Could be done by 2025 hazard areas to support to informed decisions Priority is roads in engineering staff with further Council decisions about which can be about triggers for immediate and review at 5 engineers/asset closed and which should be relocation of assets 2025 hazard zones years and 10 managers relocated as trigger points are years approached.

Action 6.4 – Conduct lifecycle 3 Addresses extreme risk SCC asset management All water and Could be done by SCC internal funds Review initial assessment of sewerage and and engineering teams sewerage assets in Council engineering outcomes at Contributes to adaptive water assets in coastal hazard hazard areas along team, or through a 2 years management, particularly areas, together with site the coast consultancy – allow to informed decisions constraints analysis to better $150,000 about triggers for inform decisions about the relocation of assets triggers and timing for relocation.

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Table 6.2 (cont) – Actions in the short term (0-2 years) ranked by priority (1: highest, 2: medium, 3: low)

Action Rank (1 high, Why this action is a high Responsibility (Lead and Location Cost estimate Funding options Review 3 low for this priority partners) period time frame)

Action 7.1 – Establish coastal 1 Essential for adaptive SCC natural resources Whole of coast. Allow $40,000 over OEH/SRCMA 2 years condition monitoring points, and management, by providing team Priorities linked to two years grant programs baseline condition and regularly a system for tracking how areas for beach plus SCC funds Partners: OEH, SRCMA Could be done by record erosion consequences the coast is changing in scraping and dune Council staff, or use a after storm events. Reporting of response to climate events nourishment, as consultant to set up coastal condition could be and management actions well as estuary the monitoring aligned with reporting of estuary condition framework and condition (as in score cards for review results localities).

Action 7.2 – Acquire LiDAR data 3 Important adaptive OEH Whole of coast. Cost will depend on State government 5 years for beaches and dunes at 5 management tool NSW government program SCC will depend on OEH LiDAR could assist yearly intervals and analyse policy for LiDAR If managed at the state or to obtain and process Council with a change to coastal landforms and collection and regional scale will be cost coastal LiDAR data range of other vegetation. processing effective monitoring tasks Note: Regularly collected high Analysis of change resolution LiDAR data would using high resolution facilitate rapid assessment of a spatial data would variety of changes, including require specialist terrain on dunes and headlands, services vegetation cover and vegetation condition.

Action 7.6 – Report regularly (to 1 Important closure of Whole of coast Within existing staff SCC existing staff 2 years Councillors and to the adaptive management loop responsibilities budget community) on progress in Helps build community delivering the CZMPS and on the awareness and outcomes of investment in management capacity coastal zone management.

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Table 6.2 (cont) – Actions in the short term (0-2 years) ranked by priority (1: highest, 2: medium, 3: low)

Action Rank (1 high, Why this action is a high Responsibility (Lead and Location Cost estimate Funding options Review 3 low for this priority partners) period time frame)

Action 7.7 – Continue role of 1 Helps build community SCC natural resources Whole of coast Within existing staff SCC existing staff 2 years Coast, Floodplain and Estuary awareness and capacity team responsibilities budget Management Committee, Provides a direct refocused on implementing the community and CZMPS. stakeholder role in adaptive management Practical and affordable

Action 8.1 – Review the design 1 Addresses an extreme risk SCC asset management Shoalhaven Heads Estimate $20,000 Could be done by 1 year and engineering standards of the team and/or engineers Council engineers First step towards effective existing rock revetment at or small coastal protection works Partners: Crown Lands Shoalhaven Heads surf club. consultancy and decisions about retreat Division of DP&I and contract at this location OEH

Action 8.2 – Audit site 2 Addresses an extreme risk SCC asset management Shoalhaven Heads Estimate $20,000 Could be done by 1 year constraints and foundation team or engineering Council engineers First step towards effective capacity for the Shoalhaven team or small coastal protection works heads surf club, to inform consultancy and decisions about retreat decisions about timing of contract at this location relocation.

Action 8.3 – Maintain dune 2 Will help to protect and SCC natural resources Shoalhaven Heads Estimate $10,000 Council staff + 5 years vegetation and fencing a enhance biodiversity values team Bushcare Shoalhaven Heads Beach to of the coast – a high resources Partners: Bushcare, promote dune stability. community value and SRCMA essential for resilience to climate change

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Table 6.2 (cont) – Actions in the short term (0-2 years) ranked by priority (1: highest, 2: medium, 3: low)

Action Rank (1 high, Why this action is a high Responsibility (Lead and Location Cost estimate Funding options Review 3 low for this priority partners) period time frame)

Action 8.7 – Maintain dune 2 Will help to protect and SCC natural resources Culburra, Estimate $10,000 per Council staff + 5 years vegetation and fencing at enhance biodiversity values team particularly in high year Bushcare Culburra to protect and enhance of the coast – a high dune area where resources Partners: Bushcare, dune stability. community value and private uses SRCMA essential for resilience to encroach on climate change reserve Important component of adaptive management – builds resilience in short to medium term Feasible and affordable Action 9.1 – Audit site 2 Addresses extreme risk. SCC asset management Warrain Beach Estimate $20,000 Could be done by 2 years constraints and foundation Contributes to cost or engineering team Council engineers capacity at Warrain Beach surf effective risk management, or small club to inform decisions about by providing new consultancy future relocation. information for decisions contract about timing and costs of relocation or redesign

Action 10.1 – At Currarong 1 Adaptive management. SCC asset management Currarong Beach Groyne constructed Council would 5 years construct a geotextile groyne on This structure is a trial to or engineering team, using rock, allow apply to OEH for a the narrowest part of the spit, test potential with natural resources $320,000. Groyne grant from the with an anticipated life of 5 improvements in sediment team constructed using coast and estuary years. Establish monitoring budget geobags, allow program program to test impact on beach $150,000 and dune condition.

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Table 6.2 (cont) – Actions in the short term (0-2 years) ranked by priority (1: highest, 2: medium, 3: low)

Action Rank (1 high, Why this action is a high Responsibility (Lead and Location Cost estimate Funding options Review 3 low for this priority partners) period time frame)

Action 10.3 – At Currarong, use 1 Part of adaptive SCC natural resources Currarong Beach Allow $100,000. This Partly from 5 years beach nourishment (60m3/m) management strategy for team includes an allowance Council funds, west of the groyne, with a lesser Currarong, to better for deploying a supplemented by amount of sand placed east of manage sediment budget dredge. Note some a grant the groyne. sand may need to be application to Linked to management of imported, because of OEH estuary health low volumes available locally

Action 10.4 – At Currarong, 2 Low cost and feasible SCC natural resources Currarong Beach Allow $5000 From Council 5 years install temporary geotextile bag protection for safe access team funds or included protection on access ways such ways. in above grant Partners: Local as Peel Street. application community groups

Action 10.6 – At Currarong, 2 Will help to protect and SCC natural resources Currarong Beach Within existing From internal 5 years fence and revegetate the enhance biodiversity values team Council staff Council sources, nourished dune to stabilise the of the coast – a high responsibilities potentially Partners: Bushcare, dune form. community value and supplemented by SRCMA essential for resilience to grants from climate change Important SRCMA and component of adaptive Caring for our management – builds Country resilience in short to medium term Feasible and affordable

Action 10.8 - Monitor signs of 1 New assets should be SCC asset Currarong Beach Within existing Council internal 5 years erosion and/or shoaling monitored closely to ensure management team Council staff sources around the new boat ramp construction of the ramp is responsibilities constructed recently at not having any knock-on negative effects. Currarong.

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Table 6.2 (cont) – Actions in the short term (0-2 years) ranked by priority (1: highest, 2: medium, 3: low)

Action Rank (1 high, Why this action is a high Responsibility (Lead and Location Cost estimate Funding options Review 3 low for this priority partners) period time frame)

Action 10.9 – At Callala Bay, 3 Part of adaptive SCC natural resources Callala Bay Approval process Council internal 5 years subject to approval from management strategy for team and development concurrent with sources, Minister for Marine Parks and Callala Bay, to better approvals team above. Allow an supplemented by Fisheries, dredge sand from manage sediment budget additional $10,000 for coastal program Partners: Requires south of the boat ramp and place sea grass studies. grant Linked to estuary health approval from the north of the boat ramp. Allow $30,000 for initiatives Minister responsible for dredging process Marine Parks and for Fisheries

Action 10.13 – At Callala Beach, 2 Will help to protect and SCC natural resources Callala Beach Allow $20,000 for Council internal 5 years maintain dune heights at a enhance biodiversity values team and development approval process. sources, minimum of 6m AHD using of the coast – a high approvals team Allow $30,000 for potentially beach scraping techniques and community value and Partners: Requires beach scraping and supplemented by dune management. Beach essential for resilience to approval from the $5000 for materials grants from scraping subject to approval climate change Minister responsible for for dune stabilisation SRCMA or Caring from Minister for Marine Parks Important component of Marine Parks and for works for our Country and Fisheries. adaptive management – Fisheries builds resilience in short to Bushcare could assist medium term with local dune Feasible and affordable stabilisation programs

Action 10.16/17 – Maintain 2 Will help to protect and SCC natural resources Collingwood Beach Costs for on ground As above 5 years dune height of a minimum of 6m enhance biodiversity values team and development works as above. All AHD at Collingwood Beach, using of the coast – a high approvals team approvals should be beach scraping/replenishment community value and sought as a single Partners: OEH, Requires (after storms and potentially at essential for resilience to package approval from the other times) and dune climate change Minister responsible for management, subject to Important component of Marine Parks and for approval by the Minister for adaptive management – Fisheries Marine Parks and Fisheries. builds resilience in short to medium term Feasible and affordable

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Table 6.2 (cont) – Actions in the short term (0-2 years) ranked by priority (1: highest, 2: medium, 3: low)

Action Rank (1 high, Why this action is a high Responsibility (Lead and Location Cost estimate Funding options Review 3 low for this priority partners) period time frame)

Action 10.24 – Audit site 2 Addresses very high risk. SCC asset management Callala Beach and Could be completed Council internal 2 years constraints and foundation Contributes to cost or engineering teams Callala Bay within existing staff sources capacity of community buildings effective risk management, responsibilities. such as sailing club at Callala Bay by providing new Otherwise, allow and Community Centre at Callala information for decisions $20,000 for a small beach to inform future decisions about timing and costs of consultancy about the timing of relocation. relocation or redesign

Action 12.11 – At Mollymook 1 Will help to protect and SCC natural resources Mollymook Beach Allow $5000 for Council internal 5 years Beach, maintain dune height at a enhance biodiversity values team, with close approval process, sources, minimum of 5.5 mAHD using of the coast – a high involvement from OEH. plus $20,000 for potentially beach scraping and dune community value and DPI (Fisheries) in relation initial beach scraping supplemented by management techniques. essential for resilience to to approval process works and dune grants from Establish monitoring program to climate change SCC engineering team management SRCMA or Caring track the outcomes of will be involved for for our Country management. operational activities (for dune stabilisation component)

Action 12.7 – (Part 1) At 1 Addresses extreme risk SCC asset management Mollymook Beach Could be done by Internal Council 1 year Mollymook Beach, review the or engineering teams Council staff; sources. Could be Contributes to cost design of the existing revetment otherwise allow supplemented by effective risk management, wall (rock and gabion) $20,000 for a small a grant from OEH by providing new (condition, effectiveness, consultancy for urgent information for decisions functional life). assessment of about timing and costs of structural relocation or redesign integrity

Umwelt (Australia) Pty Limited 2239/R04/V3 October 2012 6.15 CZMP for the Shoalhaven Coastline DRAFT Implementation Years 0-2

Table 6.2 (cont) – Actions in the short term (0-2 years) ranked by priority (1: highest, 2: medium, 3: low)

Action Rank (1 high, Why this action is a high Responsibility (Lead and Location Cost estimate Funding options Review 3 low for this priority partners) period time frame)

Action 12.8 – Audit site 2 Addresses extreme risk SCC asset management Mollymook Beach Could be done by Internal Council 2 years constraints and foundation or engineering teams Council staff; sources Contributes to cost capacity of community buildings otherwise allow effective risk management, and infrastructure at Mollymook, $20,000 for a small by providing new including surf club, wastewater consultancy information for decisions pump stations; to inform about timing and costs of decisions about future relocation relocation or redesign options and timing.

Action 12.15 – Upgrade the 2 Improves amenity at a SCC community services Mollymook Beach Allow $50,000 Internal Council 2 years toilet block at North Mollymook heavily used beach team and asset asset funds (with consideration of coastal management team hazard in the design).

Action 13.1 – Monitor the 1 Addresses very high risk SCC asset management Ulladulla Monitoring within SCC internal 1 year condition of the rock wall around team and natural existing staff funds, with NSW the shore of Ulladulla Harbour. resources team responsibilities. government Maintain structure and upgrade Allow $500,000 for grants. Note the design to provide robust redesign and significance of protection for major traffic construction highway routes.

Umwelt (Australia) Pty Limited 2239/R04/V3 October 2012 6.16 CZMP for the Shoalhaven Coastline DRAFT Implementation Years 2-5

Table 6.3 - Actions for years 2 to 5 ranked by priority within this time period (1 highest, 2 medium, 3 lower) Please note all budgets are indicative estimates of the resources required. Action Rank (1 high,3 Rationale for this action Responsibility (Lead Location Cost estimate Funding options Review period low for this and partners) time frame) Action 1.4 – Work with all 1 Contributes to Council’s SCC natural resources Whole of SCC Internal staff Internal SCC funds 5 years (status), sections of Council to improve adaptive management and strategic planning coastal zone responsibility main review at integration of coastal zone risk program. Helps build teams 10 years management and protection of community awareness coastal ecosystem health. and capacity

Action 4.1 – Review all 2 Ensures consistent SCC natural resources All foreshore Could be done using Internal SCC sources Status review at foreshore plans of application of relevant and community reserves on internal resources or 5 years management for consistency policies in the planning teams Council land or as a series of small with SCC Foreshore Reserves management of all Crown land along consultancies – each Policy and Crown lands foreshore reserves and the open coast of of approximately Guidelines. that local communities SCC $20,000 (or include (and reserve trusts) have this review with a clear framework in other aspects of which to make their review of plans of management decisions management)

Action 4.2 – Establish a 1 Allows consideration of SCC natural resources All foreshore Could be developed Internal SCC 5 years and 10 hierarchy of reserves where specific natural (ecological team and community reserves on in-house, or use a resources, potential years the primary management resilience) and social planning team, in Council land or small consultancy. augmented by objective is (open space, views etc) consultation with Crown land along Will require further SRCMA grants or biodiversity/connectivity or values of foreshore local communities the SCC coast community Environmental Trust alternatively focus is reserves and the engagement about grant community/recreational particular attachment of different types of amenity. This will feed into the local communities to landscape and broader review of all plans of these coastal open spaces community management. functions. For consultancy around this issue, allow $25,000

Umwelt (Australia) Pty Limited 2239/R04/V3 October 2012 6.17 CZMP for the Shoalhaven Coastline DRAFT Implementation Years 2-5

Table 6.3 (cont) – Actions for years 2 to 5 ranked by priority within this time period ((1 highest, 2 medium, 3 lower)

Action Rank (1 high,3 Rationale for this action Responsibility (Lead Location Cost estimate Funding options Review period low for this and partners) time frame) Action 4.4 – Use 1 Protects open space and SCC natural resources Where No capital cost unless Existing Council 5 years and 10 zoning/planning controls to environment protection and strategic planning undeveloped land acquisition resources years maintain open space for roll uses of land behind the teams land is landward becomes necessary. back of coastal terrain and existing frontal dune of frontal dune Planning tasks can be ecological communities on system, and maintains systems – completed by existing Crown land. suitably zoned land for particularly Council staff frontal dune systems to where the land migrate landward as sea carried native level rises ecological communities

Action 4.5 – Develop a dune 2 Will guide residential land SCC – Strategic Would apply to Internal council Council resources 5 years management code for new holders and community planning team all dunes along resources – could be development /redevelopment facility owners/managers the SCC coastline prepared by Council on coastal dune systems. about appropriate staff, or as a small management of consultancy vulnerable coastal (approximately vegetation and dune $10,000) landforms

Action 4.8 – Consult with local 1 Facilitate community SCC Community Applies to all Internal Council Council resources. 5 years communities about species input and awareness development and foreshore resources, or a small Possible grants selection for planting in raising about species that natural resources reserves where a consultancy from SRCMA foreshore reserves (this action provide ecosystem teams plan of (approximately programs supports 4.2). services (such as ground management is $15,000), linked to surface stabilisation), but Partners: Bushcare in place or being preparation of updates also meet local aesthetic prepared of Plans of and open space needs management

Umwelt (Australia) Pty Limited 2239/R04/V3 October 2012 6.18 CZMP for the Shoalhaven Coastline DRAFT Implementation Years 2-5

Table 6.3 (cont) – Actions for years 2 to 5 ranked by priority within this time period ((1 highest, 2 medium, 3 lower)

Action Rank (1 high,3 Rationale for this action Responsibility (Lead Location Cost estimate Funding options Review period low for this and partners) time frame) Action 4.9 – Incorporate 2 The coast has strong SCC Community Council should Internal Council Council resources, 5 years measures to protect known cultural and spiritual development and be aware of the resources, or as part of plus grants from Aboriginal sites and cultural values for traditional natural resources cultural heritage a consultancy to ensure OEH, Heritage values in plans of management owners and other local teams. Asset (archaeological) relevant clauses are in Council, possibly (this action supports 4.1). aboriginal people management team potential of all Plans of Management. SRCMA would also be reserves under Low additional cost, All Aboriginal sites are involved in plans for its care and other than for any protected under the NPW new structures or control survey work that may Act, with significant facilities in reserves be required and penalties for damage consultation with Must involve Aboriginal consultation with stakeholders. If not local aboriginal already completed, stakeholders these two activities could add up to $100,000 at consultant rates

Action 5.1 – Prepare Council 1 Emergency action is a SCC natural resources All public access Internal Council Internal Council 5 years staff, systems and resources to preferred short term and asset ways and access resources resources implement emergency action strategy for managing management teams facilities that plans when the SCC coast is immediate risks involving may become impacted by major storm access ways and Council unsafe during or events. assets along the open after major coast erosion events

Umwelt (Australia) Pty Limited 2239/R04/V3 October 2012 6.19 CZMP for the Shoalhaven Coastline DRAFT Implementation Years 2-5

Table 6.3 (cont) – Actions for years 2 to 5 ranked by priority within this time period ((1 highest, 2 medium, 3 lower)

Action Rank (1 high,3 Rationale for this action Responsibility (Lead Location Cost estimate Funding options Review period low for this and partners) time frame) Action 5.2 – Update 2 This action will be part of SCC natural resources Applies to all Internal Council Internal Council 5 years Shoalhaven flood risk the broader integration of and asset areas where resources resources management plans and coastal zone management teams marine DISPLANs to incorporate risks management, to include inundation could driven by coastal emergencies estuary health, flood risk, add to (storm set up and wave entrance management catchment overtopping). This action and open coast risks. It flooding risk – supports 1.4. will also contribute to likely to be at clear delegation of lake entrance responsibilities between areas and low Council and SES during dunes coastal emergencies

Action 6.6 – Continue to refine 1 Safe access onto beaches SCC natural resources Applies to all Internal Council Internal Council 5 years and implement a coastal assets is a high priority for local and asset beaches along resources to develop resources maintenance schedule, to communities. Council management teams the coast where the schedule. On facilitate rapid maintains a very large Council has ground works costs will recovery/reinstatement of number of access provided access need to be in forward beach access ways after structures, across dunes ways, fencing, works budgets – but storms. and at ramps and jetties steps, ramps, timing of need is not lookouts etc. certain.

Action 6.8 – Develop a 1 At several sites, storm SCC – asset Cliffs and bluffs Internal Council Internal Council 5 years monitoring protocol for water discharges onto management team affected by slope resources; could use a resources geotechnical hazard sites and steep slopes is likely to be instability, which small geotechnical monitor Council storm water contributing to slope are adjacent to consultancy – outlets that discharge over instability hazards. These residential areas approximately $10,000 cliff, bluffs. actions contribute to where storm adaptive improvements water is by providing a clear discharged to the record of storm water coast flows and changes on slopes, as well as scoping alternative storm water management measures

Umwelt (Australia) Pty Limited 2239/R04/V3 October 2012 6.20 CZMP for the Shoalhaven Coastline DRAFT Implementation Years 2-5

Table 6.3 (cont) – Actions for years 2 to 5 ranked by priority within this time period ((1 highest, 2 medium, 3 lower)

Action Rank (1 high,3 Rationale for this action Responsibility (Lead Location Cost estimate Funding options Review period low for this and partners) time frame) Action 8.8 – Clearly defines the 3 Helps to raise community SCC natural resources Culburra dunes Within Council Council resources 5 years boundaries between private awareness of the and community resources property and the foreshore ecosystem services development teams reserve on the dune field at provided by native Culburra. Take action to vegetation on dunes; also minimise encroachment of reduces risks associated private gardens onto native with private use of public vegetation areas that protect land dune stability.

Action 9.4 – At Penguin Head, 2 Geotechnical advice is SCC natural resources Penguin Head Could be completed by Council resources 5 years prepare and implement a local that the vegetation can team, with local land Council staff, or as a management plan specifying contribute to slope owners consultancy involving techniques for removing instability. Invasive geotechnical and weeds from slopes affected by species programs (e.g. for ecological expertise. geotechnical hazards. Prepare Bitou bush) can also Must also include the plan in consultation with expose soil, weaken community awareness land owners and cover options cohesion and add to slope and education. such as spraying, lopping, root instability risks Estimate $20,000 removal, revegetation and interim stabilisation.

Action 9.5 – At Penguin Head, 3 As above SCC natural resources Penguin Head Council staff resources, Council resources 5 years and where practical, plant deep tea, with Bushcare plus costs for plants 10 years rooted vegetation to help and local residents and community training stabilise rotational failures. (allow less than $5000)

Umwelt (Australia) Pty Limited 2239/R04/V3 October 2012 6.21 CZMP for the Shoalhaven Coastline DRAFT Implementation Years 2-5

Table 6.3 (cont) – Actions for years 2 to 5 ranked by priority within this time period ((1 highest, 2 medium, 3 lower)

Action Rank (1 high,3 Rationale for this action Responsibility (Lead Location Cost estimate Funding options Review period low for this and partners) time frame) Action 9.6 – Monitor the 2 Dwellings and other SCC natural resources Penguin Head Could be done by Council resources 5 years, landslip area at Penguin Head structures are close to the team Council’s engineers 10 years for evidence of movement, top of the cliff/bluff. including changes to water Provides early warning of seepage (note high resolution changes to the slope – LiDAR could assist with this indicative of active action). processes. The work could be done by ground survey, or using LiDAR (if available from collection for other purposes)

Action 10.7 – Assess, and then 2 The infrastructure is at SCC asset Warrain Could be done by Council resources 5 years - prepare for medium term risk; however it is only management team Crescent, Council’s engineers review after relocation of water and servicing a few properties. Currarong coastal road infrastructure along Consider cost implications protections the eastern end of Warrain of relocating the works at infrastructure compared Currarong are Crescent if necessary and with lower cost options implemented cost effective. that may be appropriate as priority may for the few homes. lower if standard of protection is improved.

Action 10.10 – Use small scale 1 The reserve area at the SCC natural resources Callala Bay Council resources Council resources 5 years geobag treatments to help landward edge of the flat team and asset retain the erosion scarp and beach at Callala Bay is management team absorb wave energy at Callala subject to undercutting Bay, and to protect trees on during very high tides. the edge of the erosion bight. This affects safe access onto the beach and has also resulted in large trees toppling. Geobag treatments can reduce

Umwelt (Australia) Pty Limited 2239/R04/V3 October 2012 6.22 CZMP for the Shoalhaven Coastline DRAFT Implementation Years 2-5

Table 6.3 (cont) – Actions for years 2 to 5 ranked by priority within this time period ((1 highest, 2 medium, 3 lower)

Action Rank (1 high,3 Rationale for this action Responsibility (Lead Location Cost estimate Funding options Review period low for this and partners) time frame) the exposure to undercutting

Action 10.11 – Stabilise the 3 Assets at risk of being SCC natural resources Callala Bay Design and Council resources 5 years shoreline at Sheaffe St, Callala undermined by wave and asset construction could be Bay with a wall and potentially undercutting at very high management teams done by Council’s a small stub groyne – to tide. A formal structure engineering team. protect road, control storm would protect assets and Allow $30,000 for water flow and slow the loss of could also provide an materials sand to the north. A access point for less able boardwalk style viewing residents platform could be built over the wall.

Action 10.12 – Upgrade 3 The flat beach and flat SCC natural resources Callala Bay Design and Council resources 5 years disabled/ less able access along grassed reserve at Callala and community construction could be the Callala Bay foreshore, Bay is suitable for disabled services teams done by Council’s including erosion resistant access. This action engineering team, with ramps, rails and mobi mat; integrates facilities to advice from community viewing platforms and make the area accessible services. Allow $60,000 connecting along shore for materials pathways.

Action 10.14 – Consult with 3 Dune resilience is a short SCC natural resources Callala Beach Consultation would be Council resources 5 years local residents at Callala Beach to medium term priority and community conducted by Council, Possible OEH grant about reducing the frequency for Callala Beach – services teams or could be included in if combined with of private pedestrian tracks combining beach scraping, a brief for foreshore beach scraping trial across the frontal dunes. The dune vegetation and reserve policies and aim is to close and rehabilitate managed access plans – cost depends on some tracks of greater packaging of the brief resilience.

Action 10.18 – At Hyams Point, 2 Popular area for visitors, SCC community Hyams Beach Signage would be Council resources 5 years install signage warning of rock with clear potential for services team installed by Council’s fall danger onto the rock rock fall to occur asset management/ community services

Umwelt (Australia) Pty Limited 2239/R04/V3 October 2012 6.23 CZMP for the Shoalhaven Coastline DRAFT Implementation Years 2-5

Table 6.3 (cont) – Actions for years 2 to 5 ranked by priority within this time period ((1 highest, 2 medium, 3 lower)

Action Rank (1 high,3 Rationale for this action Responsibility (Lead Location Cost estimate Funding options Review period low for this and partners) time frame) platform. teams. Allow $5000 for signs

Action 10.19 – At Plantation 2 Evidence that slope SCC natural resources Plantation Point Work would be done by Council resources 5 years, 10 Point, remove trees near the instability has reduced the team Council’s outdoor years crest of the bluff that are a risk root strength of large services teams, with of toppling. This will also tress, - which then fall and direction from natural reduce the likelihood of slope remove more resources. Allow failures induced by tree fall. unconsolidated material $10,000 for specialist Replace with native species Needs specialist advice suitable for stabilising the geotechnical/ecological ground surface. advice and further local consultation

Actions 10.20 and 10.21 – 3 Will help to protect and SCC natural resources Collingwood Could be prepared in- Council internal 5 years Prepare plans of management enhance biodiversity and community Beach and house. Otherwise allow sources for foreshore reserves values of the coast – a services teams adjacent areas $80,000 for plans of including Collingwood Beach, high community value and management Nelson, Orion and Barfleur essential for resilience to Beaches to address climate change biodiversity, visual and Important component of recreational values. adaptive management – builds resilience in short to medium term Provides consistent guidance for the community Feasible and affordable

Action 10.22 – Prepare and 3 Saltmarsh areas are rare SCC natural resources Currumbene Could be done by Council resources 5 years implement weed management and threatened by both team Creek Council staff, or plan for the foreshore and for adjacent land uses and by prepare plan as a small Partners: Bushcare; saltmarsh areas in Currumbene sea level rise. Removal of consultancy (allow Possibly SRCMA and Creek. invasive species will $20,000), with work by marine Parks

Umwelt (Australia) Pty Limited 2239/R04/V3 October 2012 6.24 CZMP for the Shoalhaven Coastline DRAFT Implementation Years 2-5

Table 6.3 (cont) – Actions for years 2 to 5 ranked by priority within this time period ((1 highest, 2 medium, 3 lower)

Action Rank (1 high,3 Rationale for this action Responsibility (Lead Location Cost estimate Funding options Review period low for this and partners) time frame) enhance resilience of Authority Bushcare of other green saltmarsh and enhance teams amenity of the foreshore

Action 10.23 – Prepare and 3 Invasive species are a SCC natural resources Huskisson and As above, the plan Council resources 5 years implement a weed significant threat to team Moona Moona could be prepared by management plan as part of a ecological resilience and Creek foreshores Council staff or as a foreshore rehabilitation to the amenity of small consultancy. strategy for Huskisson and foreshore areas Could be combined Moona Moona Creek. with Currumbene Ck plan and implementation; allow an additional $10,000 for planning (if combined)

Action 11.1 – Monitor changes 2 Identified as a location SCC natural resources Inyadda Point The monitoring could Council resources 5 years to the slope at Inyadda Point, with high slope instability team be conducted by particularly the growth of hazard. Part of a wider Council engineers tension cracks after prolonged program of monitoring rainfall. changes to slopes affected by instability

Action 11.2 – At Inyadda Point 2 Slope is affected by block SCC community Inyadda Point Signage to be installed Council resources; 5 years install signage warning of rock fall processes, and the services team by Council asset allow $5000 for sign fall danger onto the rock rock platform is used by managers, with advice and installation platform below the cliff. locals and visitors from community services

Action 11.3 – At Berrara 2 As above SCC community Berrara headland As above As above 5 years Headland install signage services team warning of rockfall danger.

Umwelt (Australia) Pty Limited 2239/R04/V3 October 2012 6.25 CZMP for the Shoalhaven Coastline DRAFT Implementation Years 2-5

Table 6.3 (cont) – Actions for years 2 to 5 ranked by priority within this time period ((1 highest, 2 medium, 3 lower)

Action Rank (1 high,3 Rationale for this action Responsibility (Lead Location Cost estimate Funding options Review period low for this and partners) time frame) Actions 11.4, 11.5 and 11.6 – 3 Protects and enhances SCC natural resources Central Could be completed by Council internal 5 years Prepare and implement weed quality habitat and team Shoalhaven existing Council staff. sources, control plans for EECs at North biodiversity values, so coastal villages Otherwise allow supplemented by Partners: SRCMA, Bendalong, Conjurong Point cost effective $30,000 to prepare grants under Bushcare, Local and Inyadda Beach. detailed local plans for SRCMA or Caring residents weed removal for our Country Note: the following suite of operations programs actions for the central Shoalhaven reserves (actions 11.7, 11.8, 11.9, 11.10, 11.11, 11.12) could be packaged as a consolidated plan of management and implementation process – would improve integration and allow staging.

Action 11.7 – Convert the old 3 Popular walking route in SCC natural resources North Bendalong Council staff to design Council resources 5 years coastal road at North local community, plus will and community and supervise the work Bendalong to a walking track, contribute to local services teams, with including a surface suitable for biodiversity values Bushcare, possible pedestrian use. Fence areas of also other green sensitive but relatively intact teams vegetation. Improve the Requires community walking track to Conjurong consultation Point.

Umwelt (Australia) Pty Limited 2239/R04/V3 October 2012 6.26 CZMP for the Shoalhaven Coastline DRAFT Implementation Years 2-5

Table 6.3 (cont) – Actions for years 2 to 5 ranked by priority within this time period ((1 highest, 2 medium, 3 lower)

Action Rank (1 high,3 Rationale for this action Responsibility (Lead Location Cost estimate Funding options Review period low for this and partners) time frame) Action 11.8 – Close dangerous 3 Track surfaces are eroded, SCC natural resources Bendalong Work would be done by Council resources 5 years and eroding tracks from steep and unsafe and community Council engineering and Bendalong headlands to the services teams asset management beach. For retained safe teams. Allow $60,000 Community tracks, upgrade amenity with for construction consultation required work on stairs and ramps. materials Consider inclusion in consolidated plan of management.

Action 11.9 – Upgrade the car 3 Improve visual amenity SCC asset Bendalong and Work would be done by Council resources 5 years parks at Bendalong, North and reduce erosion from management and adjacent areas Council engineers Bendalong and Ottowa Street car park surfaces. community services Allow $100,000 for to reduce damage and control teams materials erosion. Requires community Consider inclusion in consultation consolidated plan of management.

Action 11.10 – Upgrade 3 Popular area in peak SCC community Central Work to be done by Council resources 5 years facilities/amenities in reserves summer holiday period. services teams Shoalhaven Council at North Bendalong, Dee Beach Amenity and safety issues beaches/villages engineers/outdoor Requires community and the boat ramp, including to be addressed staff. Allow $150,000 consultation picnic facilities and landscaping. Consider inclusion in consolidated plan of management.

Umwelt (Australia) Pty Limited 2239/R04/V3 October 2012 6.27 CZMP for the Shoalhaven Coastline DRAFT Implementation Years 2-5

Table 6.3 (cont) – Actions for years 2 to 5 ranked by priority within this time period ((1 highest, 2 medium, 3 lower)

Action Rank (1 high,3 Rationale for this action Responsibility (Lead Location Cost estimate Funding options Review period low for this and partners) time frame) Action 11.11 – At Manyana, 3 As above, facilities not of SCC asset Central Work to be done by Council resources 5 years replace playground equipment a suitable standard management and Shoalhaven Council and upgrade the toilet block to community services beaches/villages engineers/outdoor disabled standards. teams staff. Allow $150,000 Consider inclusion in Requires community consolidated plan of consultation management.

Action 11.12 – At Inyadda 3 As for other areas, car SCC asset Inyadda Point Work to be done by Council resources 5 years Point, upgrade and formalise park is not suitable for management and Council the car park and the facilities in peak usage and picnic community services engineers/outdoor the picnic area. facilities need upgrading teams staff. Allow $100,000 Consider inclusion in Requires community consolidated plan of consultation management.

Action 11.13 – At Lake Conjola, 3 Boat ramp area is SCC natural resources Central Work to be done by Council funds, plus 5 years use minor sand nourishment as cluttered, shore line and asset Shoalhaven Council possible funds from necessary, to improve the affected (by boat waves?) management teams villages small boating amenity of recreational and facilities low quality infrastructure Requires community foreshores near the boat ramp. grants REF required for sand consultation Review signage at the boat nourishment ramp to improve clarity and amenity. May need approval from DP Fisheries

Action 11.14 – At Lake Conjola, 2 Dune management and SCC natural resources Lake Conjola Could be completed Council internal 2-5 years assess, then protect (and repair enhancement through team, with local within existing staff resources for where possible) barrier dune dune care activities will community Bushcare, responsibilities management of system including collapsed help to protect and Landcare, Dunecare. depending on program, northern end adjacent to the promote biodiversity requirements. volunteers for beach boardwalk. values of the coast – a works, potentially high community value and supplemented by essential for resilience to grants from SRCMA

Umwelt (Australia) Pty Limited 2239/R04/V3 October 2012 6.28 CZMP for the Shoalhaven Coastline DRAFT Implementation Years 2-5

Table 6.3 (cont) – Actions for years 2 to 5 ranked by priority within this time period ((1 highest, 2 medium, 3 lower)

Action Rank (1 high,3 Rationale for this action Responsibility (Lead Location Cost estimate Funding options Review period low for this and partners) time frame) climate change or Caring for our Country (for dune stabilisation component) Action 11.15 - At Lake 2 Dune management and SCC natural resources Lake Conjola Could be completed by Council internal 5 years Conjola, prepare an enhancement through team existing Council staff. resources for integrated coastal dune and dune care activities will preparation and vegetation management help to protect and management of promote biodiversity program strategy for the coastal values of the coast reserves, to enhance ecological connectivity Action 11.16 - Review 2 Ensure consistency with SCC natural resources Lake Conjola Could be completed by Council internal 5 years entrance management policy and management team existing Council staff. resources for practices at Lake Conjola, across tenures review as part of and align with the NSW management program Government recommendations for ICOLLs Action 12.1 – At 2 Will help to protect and SCC natural resources Narrawallee Approval process, on Council plant 5 years Narrawallee Beach, enhance biodiversity team, with close Beach ground works and resources for maintain dune crest heights values of the coast – a involvement from monitoring could be moving sand during at a minimum of 6m AHD, high community value and OEH. DPI (Fisheries) conducted with existing beach scraping essential for resilience to in relation to approval staff resources, or could operations using beach scraping and climate change process be managed as a dune management consultancy project SCC engineering team techniques. (with other beach will be involved for Establish monitoring program scraping activities, both operational activities to track management in the Marine park and effectiveness. outside the Marine Note: Actions 12.1, 12.2, 12.3 Park). 12.4 are all aspects of a consolidated Plan of

Umwelt (Australia) Pty Limited 2239/R04/V3 October 2012 6.29 CZMP for the Shoalhaven Coastline DRAFT Implementation Years 2-5

Table 6.3 (cont) – Actions for years 2 to 5 ranked by priority within this time period ((1 highest, 2 medium, 3 lower)

Action Rank (1 high,3 Rationale for this action Responsibility (Lead Location Cost estimate Funding options Review period low for this and partners) time frame) management and Master Plan If approvals and for the Narrawallee foreshore monitoring are a reserve and could be consultancy, allow conducted concurrently within $30,000 a PoM framework. Construction works are costed separately here, to allow some actions to proceed independently if necessary.

Action 12.2 – At Narrawallee 2 AS for other frontal dune SCC natural resources Narrawallee Council staff would Council resources 5 years Beach, review pedestrian track systems, native and community Beach conduct planning and spacing and fence tracks that vegetation communities services teams consultation with are selected to remain, to are fragmented by residents. Fencing and Partners: Bushcare protect dune vegetation, in pedestrian tracks. The track structures by accordance with the Reserve aim would be to have less, Requires community Bushcare, with Council Strategy. but well constructed and consultation supervision. Allow maintained access ways $10,000 for materials

Action 12.3 – Construct an 2 This area is used by locals SCC asset Narrawallee Design and Council resources 5 years amenities block at the and visitors during management team, Beach construction by Council southern end of Narrawallee summer. A simple with community engineering and works Beach, adjacent to the amenities block (toilets services team teams. Will also patrolled area. and cold showers) would require ongoing Consultation with provide services for beach maintenance and local community users. Use water efficient cleaning required designs Allow $50,000 for design and construction

Action 12.4 – Upgrade the 3 This is a popular area for SCC asset Narrawallee Design and Council resources 5 years amenities and car parking at visitors – for picnics, management team Beach and construction by Council the northern end of sheltered swimming and and community lagoon asset managers and Narrawallee Beach, adjacent to fishing. There is an services team engineers Narrawallee Lagoon. existing toilet block, but Consultation with Allow estimate of the area would benefit

Umwelt (Australia) Pty Limited 2239/R04/V3 October 2012 6.30 CZMP for the Shoalhaven Coastline DRAFT Implementation Years 2-5

Table 6.3 (cont) – Actions for years 2 to 5 ranked by priority within this time period ((1 highest, 2 medium, 3 lower)

Action Rank (1 high,3 Rationale for this action Responsibility (Lead Location Cost estimate Funding options Review period low for this and partners) time frame) from a coherent local community $60,000 for works landscaping and facilities required plan Partners: OEH – Narrawallee Lagoon is managed by OEH and many users are there for the lagoon, rather than Council open cost and foreshore reserve

Action 12.6 – At Bannisters 1 This high headland has SCC community Bannisters Work to be done by Council resources 5 years Headland, fence the crest area unstable slopes. Also services and asset Headland Council engineers and that is open to pedestrian unfenced areas open to management teams works teams. access along Mitchell Parade. pedestrians present a significant safety risk Allow $10,000 for materials

Actions 15.1, 15.2, 15.4, 15.5, 3 Will help to protect and SCC natural resources Southern Allow $50,000 – Internal Council 5 years 15.6, 15.7 – Prepare and/or enhance biodiversity team Shoalhaven community sources, plus revise plans of management values of the coast – a beaches/villages engagement and policy potential grants for foreshore reserves at high community value and development under SRCMA or Gannet Beach, Cormorant essential for resilience to Caring for our beach, Bawley Point, climate change Country (re dune Murramarang Beach, Merry biodiversity) Beach, Kioloa Beach to provide consistent guidance about biodiversity management, access management and view corridors.

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Table 6.4 – Actions proposed for beyond Year 5 after the adoption of the CZMPS5 (1 highest, 2 medium, 3 lower) adoption of the CZMPS Action Rank (1 high, Rationale for this action Responsibility Location Cost estimate Funding options Review period 3 low for this (Lead and partners) time frame) Action 2.5 – Promote 3 Helps build community awareness SCC natural Whole of SCC Internal Council SCC internal 5 years and WSUD and minimise and capacity resources and coastal zone responsibility funds, 10 years contamination of storm communications supplemented Addresses risks to safety of water discharging to the teams with grants from recreational users and to protection coastal environment (for NSW of biodiversity recreation WQ and Environmental protection of coastal Cost effective Trust ecosystems). See also 6.5 and 6.6 which complement this action.

Action 3.10 – Consistent 3 Helps build community awareness SCC Whole of SCC Internal staff Internal SCC Status review at with NSW and and risk management capacity. coastal zone responsibility sources 5 years, then Partners: OEH, Commonwealth policy Clarifies options for managing some further review at DSEWPAC, DSSEE settings, prepare a policy severe risks. This policy will be 10 years (note on assistance to existing informed by further development of timing will landholders affected by state and commonwealth policies in depend on State coastal hazards. relation to compensation for existing and landholders, as the evidence of Commonwealth climate change and sea level rise policy processes) impacts on the coast becomes clearer

Action 6.5 – Require 3 Part of Council’s long term risk SCC asset Where coastal Relocation of major Council will 10 years. Note removal or relocation of mitigation strategy. Council’s intent management team, recession community investigate that no assets existing built assets (private is that if the coastline recedes as natural resources trigger points infrastructure/assets is funding options may require or public) when recession projected due to climate change and and strategic are met, for likely to cost several for major works relocation within trigger points are reached or sea level rise, community planning team major assets. million dollars. This is a as a high priority this time period when maintaining services infrastructure and assets will need to Most likely to major budget risk for (such as safe access, sewer be relocated, so that functional can occur at parts Council if sea level rise and storm water services) is be maintained. Where relocation is of Mollymook and climate change no longer feasible or cost not cost effective, Council will consult Beach and at occur as projected effective. Clear definition of with affected landowners about Callala Beach trigger points is required. options and See Section 4.1.1.3 for Collingwood

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Table 6.4 – Actions proposed for beyond Year 5 after the adoption of the CZMPS5 (1 highest, 2 medium, 3 lower) adoption of the CZMPS Action Rank (1 high, Rationale for this action Responsibility Location Cost estimate Funding options Review period 3 low for this (Lead and partners) time frame) suggested trigger points. Beach before other locations. May also occur at Currarong

Action 6.7 – Monitor the 1 DPI Crown Lands has conducted a Monitoring, Breakwalls at Monitoring and Funding for this 10 years condition of minor training preliminary asset review for assessment and Shoalhaven preparation of designs work will be the walls, breakwalls, breakwalls which could be impacted priority sites to be Heads and at likely to be responsibility of revetments and boat ramps by coastal processes, including sea lead by Maritime Ulladulla approximately $50,000 the NSW that have been constructed level rise. This action reinforces the section of Crown government to provide safe boat need for ongoing monitoring of the lands Division of launching and navigation. condition (engineering stability and Department of Some of these structures safety) of breakwalls, as climate lands, in have not been designed or changes and projected sea level rise consultation with constructed to be resilient to takes effect SCC, MPA, NSW wave and current conditions Roads and associated with future Maritime, local climate change scenarios. communities and waterway users

Action 6.9 – Review Councils 1 Stormwater quality impacts on SCC asset Cliffs and Council could review Partly from 10 years storm water management coastal waters are generally a minor management and bluffs affected the storm water plans Council funds and plans with a focus on issue in SCC. Monitoring information natural resources by slope itself, or could use a partly from grants discharge velocities over from Action 6.8 (in the 5 year time teams instability, consultant to do the such as cliffs, and protection of frame), will inform priorities for this which are work. Likely cost Environmental recreational water quality work in the longer term. adjacent to approximately $40,000 Trust near discharge points. residential areas where storm water is discharged to the coast Action 6.10 – Include 1 Disabled access will be taken into SCC asset High Inclusion in plans is very Council resources; 10 years disabled access in the future consideration in reviewing plans of management and profile/high low cost – included could be

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Table 6.4 – Actions proposed for beyond Year 5 after the adoption of the CZMPS5 (1 highest, 2 medium, 3 lower) adoption of the CZMPS Action Rank (1 high, Rationale for this action Responsibility Location Cost estimate Funding options Review period 3 low for this (Lead and partners) time frame) management planning of the management and preparing Master community usage elsewhere; construction augmented by ‘icon’ parks. Include Plans for highly used foreshore development teams beaches such would be NSW government wheelchair access on reserves, such as Mollymook, as approximately $20,000 grants for headlands and foreshore Collingwood Beach (and other Mollymook, to $40,000 per site community reserves. around the shore of Jervis Bay) Collingwood development and others as determined by Council recreational planners

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