Special Libraries, July-August 1963

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Special Libraries, 1963 Special Libraries, 1960s

7-1-1963

Special Libraries, July-August 1963

Special Libraries Association

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SPECIAL LIBRARIES ASSOCIATION

Immediate Past-President ETHEL S. KLAHRE Feded Re.cerre Bm.4 of Clrr,e/crnd. Cir~rlirnd. Ohio EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR: UILI. M. WOODS Special Libraries Association, il East 10 Street, New York 3. New York MEMBERSHIP Dues: Su.rrainiwg-$100; Actif e-$15 (Paid Fur Life-$250) ; A~sol~i'itr -$lo; Afiliare-$15; Studen!-$2; Emeritus-$$. For qualifications. privileges and further information, write Special Libraries Association. THE55~H CONVENTION Ml1.1. BE AT SHERATON-JEFFERSOXHOTEL, ST. LOLJIS,MISSOI~RI, JIINE 7- 1 1. 1964

Aviation subject headings, 1949 ...... $1.75 Map collections In the 1'. S. and Can- Bibliography of new guides and aids to ada; a directory, 1954 ...... ~ublicdocuments use 1953-1956 (SLA National insurance organizations in tht Bibliography no. 2), 1957 ...... 1.50 United States and Canada, 1957 ..... A checklist for the organization, opera- Picture sources: an introductory list, tion and evaluation of a company li- 1959 ...... brary, 1960 ...... 2.00 SLA directory of mmibers, as of Octo- Contributions toward a special library her 2 1, 1960 ...... members 1950 ...... 1.25 nonmembers 1 glossary, 2nd ed., Correlation index document series & PB *SLA directory of members, as of Octo- i reports, I953 ...... 10.00 ber 15, 1962 ...... members Creation & development of an insur- nonmembers ance library, rev. ed., 1949 ...... 2.00 Source list of selected labor statistics, *Dictionary of report series codes, 1962 12.75 rev. ed.. 1953 ...... Sources of commodity prices, 1960 .... *Directory of business and financial serv- Special Libraries Association-its first ices, 1963 ...... 6.50 fifty years, 1909-1959, 1929 ...... Directory of special libraries, 1953 .... 5.00 Special Libraries Association personnel Guide to metallurgical information (SLA survey 1959, 1960 ...... Bibliography no. 3), 1961 ...... 4.00 Subject headings for aeronautical engi- *Guide to Russian reference and lan- neering libraries, 1949 ...... I guage aids (SLA Bibliography no. 4), . Subject headings for financial libraries, 1962 ...... 1.25 1954 ...... *Guide to special issues and indexes of Translators and translations: services and periodicals, 1962 ...... 5.75 sources, 1929 ...... Handbook of scientific and technical C. S. sources of petroleum and natural awards irl the United States and Can- gas statistics, 1961 ...... ada, 1900-1952, I956 ...... 3.00 Visual presentation. Our library, 195.3 . . i * Latest oublications SCIEN?ZFICMEETINGS-Subscription, $7.00 ; Foreign, ' $8.00 SPECIAL LIBRARIES-Subscription, $10.00; Foreign, $1 1.00; Single copies, $1.50 TECHNICAL BOOK REVIEW INDEX-Subscription, $10.00; Foreign, $11.00; Single copies, $1.50 UNLISTED DRUGS-Subscrlvtion. $15.00

-- 4 SPECIAl, I>IBRARIES is puhlisherl hy Special Lihraries Association. m~nthly Septeml~rr to A!,ril. bimonthly May to August at 7.3 ma it^ Street, Brattlelmro, Vermont 05302. Editorial Ofices: 31 East lqth Street, Sew York, New Yo;k 1W3. Second class postage paid at Brattleboro, Vermont.

- ~ POSTMASTER: Send Form 3579 to Special Libraries Association, 31 East 10 St., New York, N. Y. 10003 The DUOPAGE process is unique in that a Xerox image is NEW produced on both sides of the same sheet. This single sheet method of reproducing books, magazines, or manuscripts has found great acceptance in the library field. DUOPAGE reproduces a book in the accepted format and not with folded sheets printed only on one side of very thin paper. BOOK Reproductions are furnished on normal-weight paper and the resulting copy is paged like the original. CATALOG Micro Photo will assist you in locating rare or out-of-print books and manuscripts. Let us know of your interests and we SENO FOR YOUR FREE COPY TODAY will be happy to work with you.

Your manuscript can be reproduced in book form by the DUOPAGE method. I One or as many copies as needed can be provided by OUOPAGE and the i I ORIGINAL PUBLISHING. . . title will be included in future editions of the DUOPAGE catdlog. Send ( ! your manuscrlpts to Micro Photo for quotation on publishing by DUOPAGE. I

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SPECIAL LIBRARIES Directory of Business and Financial Services Mary .4. McNierney, Editor 208 pages 1963 $6.50 Selective listing of about 1,050 newslettws, bulletins, reports, and other published services in the fields of business, economics, and finance. Dictionary of Report Series Codes Helen F. Kedman and Lois E. Godfrey, Editors 656 pages 1962 $12.75 12,495 code designations used on reports issued by 3,992 United States and foreign government agencies and their contractors. Guide to Russian Reference and Language Aids: SLA Bibliography No. 4 Rosemary Neiswender, Editor 96 pages 1962 $4.25 Guide to over 200 current Russian textbooks, language records, dictionaries, glos- saries, geographic reference tools, bibliographies, indexes and other sources. SLA Directory of Members 1962 152 pages 1962 Members $2.50 Nonmembers $6 Only name directory in the United States and Canada of over 5,700 individual and Sustaining SLA members, as of October 15, 1962.

Ready Early Fall Special Libraries: How to Plan and Equip Them: SLA Monograph No. 2 Literature of Executive Management: SLA Bibliography No. 5 Special Libraries Association, 31 East 10th Street, New York 3

New THIN-LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY A Laboratory Handbook Edited by EGONSTAHL Contributions by: H. R. Bolliger H. K. Mangold M. Brenner H. Seiler H. Gaenshirt E. Stahl D. Waldi 197 figures, 2 tables in color approx. 560 pages, 8vo Berlin, 1963 Plastic Binding, $17.00 Steehert-Halner, lnc. FOUNDED IN NEW YORK 1872 LONDON /PARIS I STUTTGART I BOGOTA 31 East 10 Street I New York 3, N. Y.

JULY-AUGUST 1963 Essential to Every Library . CARBON Editor-in-Chief: S. Mrozowski, State University of New York, Buffalo; Associate Ed- itors: H. Akamatu, Tokyo; H. P. Boehm, Heidelberg; M. M. Dubinin, Moscow; A. Pa- cault, Bordeaux; M. L. Studebaker, Akron; A. R. Ubbelohde, London; P. L. Walker, Jr., University Park, Pa. A new international journal sponsored by the American Carbon Committee, CARBON is devote'd to the physics and chemistry, as well as to the scientific aspects of the technology, of a class of materials ranging from organic crystals and polymers through chars and carbons to graphite. The aim of CARBON is to provide a source of information on the majority of original research on these materials, and occasional reviews of limited problems. A special reference section (by title) to carbon research published elsewhere is also included. Some papers to be published in the Summer, 1963 issue

M. A. Short and P. L. Walker, Jr.-Measurement of interlayer spacing and crystal sizes in turbostatic carbons; F. J. Vastola, P. L. Walker, Jr. and J. P. Wightman-The reaction between carbon and the products of hydrogen, oxygen and water microwave discharges: Howard B. Palmer-An analysis of carbon deposition kinetics in isothermal flow systems; T. Yamaguchi -Galvanomagnetic properties of glassy carbons. Published quarterly $30.00 per year

SOLID STATE ELECTRONICS Editor-in-Chief: W. Crawford Dunlap, Raytheon Co. Research Division, Waltham, Mass. Regional Editors: L. Pincherle, London; H. Welker, Germany; G. M. Hatoyama, Japan. Assisted by an International Honorary Editorial Advisory Board. SOLID STATE ELECTRONICS, an international journal, offers original papers in various areas of applied solid-state physics, including transistor technology in all its aspects, transistor theory and design, crystal growing and handling, preparation of junctions, and transistor process technology. Papers are also published on applications of intermetallic and other binary and ternary semiconductors, applications of ferrites and ferroelectrics, the design and performance of galvanomagnetic devices, electroluminescent and related devices, photoconductors, photovoltaic cells and solid-state batteries. Some papers recently published

A. 8. Kuper-Surface dependence of Ge high-frequency high-gain transistor: J. W. Allen, M. E. Moncaster and J. Starkiewicz-Electroluminescent devices using carrier injection in gallium phosphide; D. Polder and A. Baelde-Theory of noise in transistor-like devices: R. H. Pry and S. P. Mitoff-Positive temperature coefficient of electrical resistivity in some ZnO- Ti02-NiO ceramics; W. G. Oldham and A. G. Milnes-n-n semiconductor heteroiunctions. Published bimonthly $40.00 per year Sample copies sent on request. PERGAMON PRESS, INC. Dept. SLAJ, 122 East 55th Street, New York 22, N. Y. Oxford London Paris

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Now Available-Three NEW Volumes! VOLUMES 9, 14 and 15 "Advances in the Astronautical Sciences" (an American Astronautical Society publication) Vol. 9 Fourth Western Regional Meeting San Francisco, Aug. 1961. Includes: Eclipse of Artificial Satellites, Meteorite 1);rnger on Earth, Krgarding the Predictability of Flares, Electromagnetic Dockmg Operat~onsIn Space. Vol. 14 Second Symposium on Physical & Biological Phenomena Under Zero G Conditions Los Angeles, Jan. 1963. Includes: Generalization of Equations of Epihydrody- namics in Urnedikt's Formulation of hlagnetohydrodynamics, Zero Flow Loop -Steady Flow Zero Gravity Simulation for Investigation of Two-Phase Phe- nomena, Orientation of Fluids in Zero G through Surface Tension Effects. Vol. 15 Symposium on the Exploration of Mars Presented hy American Astronautical Societ>-, co-sponsored hy American As- tronomical Society, AIBS, ARS (Rocky Mt. section), IAS (Rocky Mt. section), and KASA. Also Still Available: Vol. 10 Manned Lunar Flight $11.50 Vol. 12 Scientific Satellites Vol. 11 Eighth Annual Meeting $16.75 Vol. 13 Interplanetary Missions Order These Now! (You may also place your name on the standing order list for succeeding volumes) Exclusive Distributor: WESTERN PERIODICALS CO. 13000 Raymer St., North Hollywood, Calif., TRiangle 5-0555, STate 2-2192

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SPECIAL LIBRARIES SPECIAL LIBRARIES Oficial Jownal Special Libraries Association

Volume 54, No. 6 CONTENTS JULY-AUGUST 1963

Special Librarians and the Weinberg Report Circulation Control by Computers R. W. GIBSONand G. E. RANDALL Brooklyn's Business Library-20 Years Old SYLVIAMECHANIC Elements of Computer Systems for Librarians ROY NIELSEN A Computer Library's Approach to Information Retrieval SOPHIAP. WHITEAND JOSEPHINEWALSH Literature Search on Thorium Breeding and Thorium Breeder Reactors JAMESM. JACOBS Towards the History of Documentation THEODORB. YERKE Summary of Symposium on the Diffusion of Technical Change DR. LUTHERH. EVANSAND ELSIERAY Conference on Library and Automation G. E. RANDALL "Implications of the New Media for the Teaching of Library Science" EDWARDG. STRABLE Conference on the NASA Scientific and Technical Information Program LAYNEH. KROGER International Congress on Medical Librarianship MARYL. ALLISON Current Concentrates of the Library World

SPECIAL LIBRARIES ASSOCIATION Guidance System for Space Age Librarianship MRS.MILDRED H. BRODE 321 SLA's New President-Mrs. Mildred Hooker Brode RUTHH. HOOKER 322 SLA Board of Directors 1963-64 323 News and Notes S-13-16 1964 SLA Professional Award 351

NEWS Have You Heard Off the Press

Editor: MARYL. ALLISON SPECIALLIBRARIES COMMITTEE Assistaut Editor: EDYTHEC. PORPA Chairman: ROBERTG. KRUPP Consultants: ALBERTAL. BROWN ELEANORKATHLEEN IRWIN DR. I. A. WARHEIT JEANETTESLEDGE Papers published in SPECIAL LIBRARIES rxpress the views of the authors and do not represent the opinion or the policy of the editorial staff or the t~ubl~sh~r.Alanu.~cripls ~ubmittedfor publication must be ty@ed double space on anly one side of fiaper and mailed lo the editor. Reprints may be ordered immediately before or after publication. 0 Subscriptions: U. S. $10; foreign, $11; single copies, 61.50. @ by Special Libraries Associ- ation 1963.

LNDEX~DIN Business Periodicals Index, Public Affairs Information Seruice, Library Literature, Business Method. Index and Library Science Abstracts. EXPANDING MICROFILM SERVICES LISTED IN NEW CATALOGUE 14

1. PERIODICALS Cumulative list and subject index of over 1800 modern periodicals now available on microfilm; modern Russian and Chinese language periodicals; English literary and Early American periodicals. 2. NEWSPAPERS New York Times, The Commercial and Financial Chronicle, Osservatore Romano, Arab and Japanese language newspapers; old English and Irish newspapers. 3. BOOKS English - Pollard and Redgrave (1475-1640), Wing (1641- 1700); American Culture Series I and 11; 0-P Books, Russian Language separately catalogued. 4. SPECIAL FIELDS Rhetoric and Elocution, Theatre, Human Relations Area Files, Painting, Music; Government Documents -U. S., France, Philip- pines. 5. EQUIPMENT Microfilm viewers, filing cabinets, reader-printers. UNIVERSITY MICROFILMS, INC. 313 N. FIRST STREET, ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN SUBSIDIARY OF XEROX CORPORATION

SPECIAL LIBRARIES Mildred H. Brode SLA President 1963-1964 Guidance System for Space Age Librarianship

MOST significant accomplishment of the 1962-63 year of the Special Libraries Asso- A ciation has been the final definition of our Goals by the Committee and their acceptance by the Association. These Goals, basic to the over-all objectives of a professional communications and information program and service, will function as a most modern and scientific guidance system for a jet-propelled flight of our Association into Space Age Librarianship. The Goals should be an integral part of the activities of every unit of the Association -especially its most important unit, the individual special librarian. Special librarians are in a unique position because they are so close to the research worker or user of information. In a jet age they must also be close to the rapid developments in documentation, using the products of the "information scientists," who theorize about information handling, to satisfy the needs of the research work,er or the decision-making administrator, thus enabling him to move forward ever more rapidly into the space age. This is true of special librarians in advertising, finance, insurance, museum, publishing, social science, and transportation libraries as well as those closely related to science and technology, as evidenced by the fact that at the Denver Convention five non-scientific or technical Divisions built programs around mechanized methods of information retrieval. The special librarian must be a creative catalyst, causing the desired reaction between new information techniqu.es and the individual human being's age-old need for knowledge to make his contribution to progress; the special librarian is the key to relate the researcher and his tools. There is ever-increasing recognition at the highest national level of the importance of information as an essential resource, of the value of its effective communication and handling, with accompanying concrete evidence that the field of information in general can expect considerably more support in the immediate future. Let our Association and each special librarian accept the challenge optimistically. I am very conscious of the great honor you have done me in electing me to the highest office of Special Libraries Association. With the help of the Board of Directors, Committees, Special Representatives, Divisions, Chapters, Headquarters, and each member, and with the Goals as our guidance system, the aim of the Association for 1963-64 will be to strengthen our position among professional and scientific societies of similar or related interests by cooperative efforts with them; by taking an active part in developing curricula and establishing educational standards in the fields of special librarianship and information science; by promoting the publication of bibliographic tools and the formulation of new systems of information communication and use; and by conducting an active research program of analysis and evaluation of information systems and techniques to meet the needs of individual researchers and users of information. MRS. MILDRED H. BRODE

JULY-AUGUST 1763 32 1 Mrs. Mildred Hooker Brode: SLA's New President

MRS. MILDRED HOOKER BRODE brings to the Special Libraries Associa- tion a rich and varied background of the sort that makes SLA what it is-dynamic, vibrant, and keenly attuned to the needs of the time. Long before she thought of being a librarian she laid a groundwork that could not have been better had she planned it as a prelude to her career as a technical librarian. She holds both a Bachelor's and a Master's degree in physics. Her first employment was at the National Bureau of Standards as a physicist in the Radioactivity, Atomic Structure and X-rays Division. This career came to a grinding halt as cupid's arrow shot her down. She married and for several years devoted her talents to homemaking. However, 1938 found her back on the active list preparing for her ultimate career in libraries by earning a B.S. in L.S. at Columbia University. After a brief interlude as supervisor on a spectroscopy project for MIT, she ioined the staff of the Dartmouth College library. At the beginning of World War II, Dartmouth organized a large V-12 program. They found it difficult to obtain instructors in physics and therefore organized a refresher course for prospective physics teachers. It attests to her knowledge and ability that in this nearly-all-male world at Dartmouth, she became the second woman ever to be on its faculty-the first was a teacher of Russian in World War I. Near the conclusion of World War II the U.S. Navy's David Taylor Model Basin looked for the best possible person with a science background and a library degree to organize and administer a technical library. Their search led directly to Mildred Hooker Brode. She ioined the staff there in November 1944 and today is the chief librarian. Never content with a single role, she immediately became involved in science library activities. SLA is well aware of this. Nationally she served as Second Vice-president in 1956-57. In the Washington Chapter she has been active in many capacities, which have included Chairman of the Sci- Tech Group, Chapter Treasurer, Program Chairman, and President. She has played an active part in the Military Librarians Workshops as well as in the Council of Librarians of the East Coast Naval Laboratories. Even her hobbies are those that widen one's horizon. Highest on her list of desirable activities is travel in foreign lands, of which she has done much. Perhaps one of the most interesting was when she accompanied the Harvard- MIT Solar Eclipse Expedition in 1936, to Ak-Bulak near Orenberg, USSR, northeast of the Caspian Sea. This expedition included Russians, Czechs, and many nationalities, as astronomers from all over the world ioined it. Fol- lowing the official part of the expedition, they were given a six weeks tour of Russia, partly as a courtesy of the Russian Academy of Science. When Mildred is not actively engaged in professional library work or travel, she enjoys concerts, ballet, theater, painting, and sculpture. In her spare moments she does some lovely water color painting. Ruth H. Hooker 322 SPECIAL LIBRARIES SLA Board of Directors I 963-64 President-Elect William S. Budington feels that "SLA's particiular potential lies in its members' activities at the interfaces of information transfer. Flex- ibility of mind and adaptability of procedure can and must be used in solving our various information crises." He has used this as a guide for his own professional life by visiting special libraries and ex- changing ideas with Illinois Chapter colleagues whenever he can. Activities closely connected with this philosophy are his membership on the Advisory Committee of Librarians for the University of Illinois Graduate School of Library Science, in the American Society for Engineering Education, and on several ALA committees. He is also a contributor to several professional publications. Mr. Budington served as SLA1s Special Representative on the Joint Committee on Librarianship as a Career, Secretary and Chairman of the Advisory Council, Second Vice-president, and Chapter Liaison Officer. In 1957-59 he was at the helm of the Illinois Chapter and also has served it as Director and Bulletin Editor as well as being on the Program, Convention Executive, Publications, and Education Committees. Mr. Budington received a B.A. from Williams College, a ,B.S. in electrical engineering from Virginia Polytechnic Institute, and a B.S. and M.S.(L.S.) from Columbia University. He has been Associate Librarian at the John Crerar Library in Chicago since 1952. A patron of Chi- cago's cultural offerings, Mr. Budington also likes to pitch a tent in the Adirondacks or stay home to read and listen to his hi-fi.

Advisory Council Chairman Charles Zerwekh, Jr. would have missed a special library career if he had not spoken to Mr. M. P. Doss of the Texas Company, whose enthusiasm for anmd knowledge of the field prompted him to combine his training as a chemist with special librarianship. Mr. Zerwekh has been active in fostering interest in special librarianship as a career as a John Cotton Dana lecturer at the University of Texas and through his Texas Chapter activities as Chairman of the Recruitment and Edu- cation Committee, a guest lecturer at Seminars on Special Libraries at the University of Texas, and Chairman of the Annual Salary Survey, and President. In the Petroleum Section of the Science-Technology Division, he served as Vice-Chairman and Chairman. After receiving a B.S. in Chemistry from the University of Houston, he started work at Humble Oil & Refining Company as a research chemist. Later he became Patent Coordinator and then Head of the Library. In 1957 he became Head of the Technical Information Section, a position he held until July 1963 when he undertook new duties as manager of the records program at Standard Oil Company (New Jersey), which brought him to New York City. The lure of Egyptology, demonology, and cooking demand Mr. Zerwekh's leisure time. Advisory Council Chairman-Elect Mrs. Elizabeth M. Hutchins' interest in special libraries began while she was in the administrative end of the business world as an executive secretary. In 1956, after receiving her M.A. in L.S. from the University of Michigan, she began work at the advertising agency of Young & Rubicam, Inc. in New York City where she is now As- sistant Librarian and where she met Hazel Conway, Head Librarian, whose "guidance, encouragement, and adherence to the principles of professional librarianship" were an important influence. Mrs. JULY-AUGUST 1963 323 Hutchins joined SLA the same year, and in the New York Chapter she became Directory Committee and Advertising Group Chairman, Adviser, and a member of the Hospitality and Nominating Committees. As a member of the Advertising Division, she has been Treasurer, Business Manager, and Feature Editor of "What's ~ewin Advertising an,d Marketing" as well as Division Chairman. This past year Mrs. Hutchins was SLA Special Representative on the National Book Committee. She believes that "SLA, as an organization, has the responsibility to enable its members to make greater achievements in the organization and dissemination of information. Its meinbers must be kept abreast of new techniques, and in spite of increased demands, must not yield to the' pressures of quantity in lieu of quality." Theater, travel, boating, and tennis take up her spare moments. New Directors Helene Dechief came to the field of special librarianship after a career in the world of business and diplomacy. After receiving her B.A. from the University of Ottawa, she was social secretary for the Canadian Delegation to the United Nations in Paris and then Re- search Assistant to the Canadian Trade Commissioner in Brussels. Later Miss Dechief returned to school to obtain a B.L.S. from the University of MontreaT-Ecole des Bibliothecaires, and in 1953 she became Assistant Librarian at the Canadian National Railways in Mon- treal where she is now Head Librarian. Encouraged by the Vice- President of Research and Development, she was given "every oportunity to learn and develop our library." Miss Dechief's concern is for librarians to endeavor "to index in great depth and pool their resources" so that "every field of human knowledge could be covered. To find a uniform system of indexing, a group of conscientious and knowledgeable librarians and a suitable depository is all that is required. Machines will do the rest!" Miss Dechief, who is currently the President of the Montreal Chapter, has held the offices of Chapter Secretary, Treasurer, and Vice-president and as Membership Chairman, Bulletin Editor, and Chairman of the Transportation Division. When there is time to relax, it is at an easel or sewing machine.

Mrs. Dorothy B. Skau, after receiving a B.A. from Newcomb College, Tulane University, and a B.S. in L.S. from Louisiana State Univer- sity, worked in the New Orleans Public Library. Later she accepted the position of Librarian at the Southern Regional Laboratory of the United States Department of Agriculture. In 1944 she was taken to an SLA Science-Technology dinner where she met some special librarians from Washington "whose enthusiasm and professional zeal sparked my own." Encouraged by her husband and family and the li'brarians kith whom she worked, Mrs. Skau ioined SLA and pitched into its activities, becoming one of the founders of the Louisiana Chapter in 1946. Her energy and devo- tion to her career have earned for Mrs. Skau a bronze medal USDA Superior Service Award and the ALA Oberly Award for a bibliography on chemistry and technology. In SLA, Mrs. Skau was a member of the Membership and Nominating Committees and Chapter President, Bulletin Editor, Employment Chairman, and Consultant Officer. One of the things Mrs. Skau would like to see special librarians do is set up a program of CO- operation in "interlibrary reference and loan and encouragement of cooperative acquisition programs." Mrs. Skau is an active thespian, reader, dancer, and collector.

EDITOR'S NOTE: For biographical sketches and photographs of Board of Director members who ore continuing in office see "Special Libraries," July-August 1961, pages 292-4: Paul Riley and Edward Strable. Directors; and "Special Libraries," July-August 1962, pages 312-14: Ethel S. Klahre, Immediate Past-Presi- dent, Ralph H. Phelps, Treasurer, Joan M. Hutchinson and Mrs. Elizabeth B. Roth, Directors.

324 SPECIAL LIBRARIES - Special Librarians and the Wein berg Report

s IS HOPED FROM ALL CONVENTIONS,the recent SLA Denver meeting A saw the initiation and fruition of many actions. Among these was a series of events relating to the Weinberg Report (Science, Government, and Information: The Responsibilities of the Technical Community and the Gove~nmentin the T~ansferof Information. A Report of the Presi- dent's Science Advisory Committee, Washington, D. C. : Government Printing Office, January 10, 1963. 52 p. 25$). Chaired by Dr. Alvin M. Weinberg, Director, Oak Ridge National Laboratories, the PSAC's Panel on Science Information came to far-reaching conclusions on the nation's handling of scientific and technical information. The Report is contro- versial the eyes of many. More important, it presents a direct challenge to professional people engaged, at any stage and by any means, in the initilation, dissemination, storage, retrieval, and use of information. It is of primary concern to those dealing in science and technology, but its recommendations, if implemented, could not help but affect similar activities in other disciplines. These recommendations should be studied at first hand by ALL librarians.

The report is signed by the President of A number of conversations took place be- the United States and was sent in April to tween key officers of SLA and the American various associations with a covering letter Documentation Institute; the latter, also at- from Dr. Jerome B. Wiesner, Special As- tending the Denver Convention, were simi- sistant to the President for Science and Tech- larly convinced of the necessity for respon- nology. Recognizing its importance, SLA sive and responsible action. As a result of President Ethel S. Klahre appointed an Ad these conversations and the general concern, Hoc Committee to study the Report. Its Chair- incoming SLA President Mildred H. Brode man, Eugene B. Jackson, General Motors appointed a further Ad Hoc Committee (Mr. Research Laboratories, was also invited to Budington and Chairman Jackson) to work prepare a review, which appeared in Special with the AD1 Past-President, President, and Libf*aries, May-June, 1963, p. 305. The President-Elect. A letter to Dr. Wiesner was Committee presented a panel discussion at drafted, to be signed by President Brode for the Denver meeting of the SLA Advisory SLA and President Robert Hayes for ADI. Council on June 10, 1963. Mr. Jackson read This letter, approved by the SLA Board of the summary portion of the Report, and re- Directors, acknowledged the penetrating ob- actions were then stated by William S. Bud- servations of the Report and the urgency of ington, John Crerar Library; J. Heston the science information crisis. It informs Heald, Defense Documentation Center; Dr. Dr. Wiesner that SLA and AD1 are studying LeRoy H. Linder, Aeroneutronics; Gordon ways and means for implementing joint ac- E. Randall, IBM; and Winifred H. Sewell, tivity on the most pressing problems. National Library of Medicine. Their com- Such action is a potentially far-reaching ments and those of several others who spoke development. Justification lies in the high from the floor follow this summary of ac- origin of the Report, signed as it is by the tions. It was apparent from audience discus- President. It recognizes the necessity for psi- sion and lobby conversation that the impli- tive action to preclude the by-passing of pro- cations and importance were of great concern fessionals in the information field, with con- to many and a certain uneasiness existed. sequent non-use of existing talents. The

JULY-AUGUST 1963 breadth of such talent in the ADI-SLA spec- 2. By and large, many librarians have not trum is enormous and well-grounded; it must in the past exhibited very far-reaching tend- be fully exploited in the expanding scope of encies toward innovation and change. Once today's techniques. Marshalling these skills their systems have been devised, they may 1s one objective of the joint ADI-SLA study- remain relatively static. action. Another is the identification of spe- 3. There may be a philosophy at work here cific, immediate problem areas, with prompt, implying that if the total approach to in- effective response to them. Other activities of formation handling is to be different, it had mutual interest may also be initiated, and better be made by a different breed of cat. joint participation will be sought in future 4. The PSAC Panel is composed entirely of information handling studies by the govern- such cats. ment and also by and with other groups. It Principal values of the Report appear to 1s anticipated that this summer the new Ad be its stimulus toward several goals. It pro- Hoc Committee will recommend to the SLA vides and encourages attention of the most Board of Directors a plan of action, jointly serious character to the information handling evolved with AD1 and possibly centering on problem. It provides and encourages thor- A joint operating group. Through this me- ough scrutiny of existing and potential tech- dium it is hoped that AD1 and SLA (and niques. It provides and encourages whole- possibly other interested groups) may "jog" hearted support toward bettering the situation the information community, both within and -fiscal support, professional support, and without their own memberships. philosophical support. The support element also relates to the Comments of the Panelists present allegedly poor situation. The Report WILLIAMS. BUDINGTON states that administrators must now accord I believe two points should be made at to information work a very much greater the outset concerning the Report: first, it is portion of support and status. At least some not a clarion call for the complete and im- blame for past history belongs to adminis- mediate automation of our universe-though trators and users who attribute failure to li- there are some pretty strong overtones-and, brarians and their creaky procedures. In second, it is a real, cold-hearted, fishy-eyed, many cases, librarians and their techniques stand-back look at the entire information have been denied any opportunity for growth process. It attempts to pin down the desired and development. Someone has said that the results, then work back through the stages success of new systems may just be the re- required to achieve these results. In so doing, sult of using many well paid individuals who ~t hits nearly everyone from originator to happen to be scientists rather than a few user and pulls few punches. poorly paid and supported individuals who In our own context, the immediate re- happen to be librarians. But on the other sponse is likely to be defensive-what hap- hand, librarians must certainly accept blame, pened to the librarian? He is mentioned if they have not pressed their case or lit the about six times in 52 pages and none too fires of imaginative progress. glowingly at that. The scientist and engineer The implications of the Report go far dre considered as the principal personages, beyond its concern with science. It can be for several possible reasons: read omitting the words "science" and "tech- 1. Several phases in the scientific informa- nology" and lose no force whatsoever. The tion cycle require subject expertise, which basic problems and possible remedies may be librarians frequently lack. These occur in less pressing but are not unknown or incom- the initiation, screening, and analysis at the patible in the social sciences nor possibly in beginning and phases of interrogation of the humanities. We exhibit unwanted pro- user and system at the end. In addition, vincialism if we consider this problem as where mechanization is appropriate, the en- strictly for the birdmen. gineer and scientist are required to give birth Thus, the Report calls for some of us to to and nurse the necessary gadgets. pull our heads out of the sand, others to re- SPECIAL LIBRARIES move theirs from the stratosphere. It is un- A-3. Techniques of hnndling information likely that we can, overnight, provide the must be widely tdtlpht. 2 " scientific expertise called for in large degree. A-4. The technical community must exblore It is also unlikely that the engineer and sci- and exploit new switching methods. entist can acquire overnight much skill in Actually, under these broad headings are information organization and processing. But many recommendations and guiding concepts in some matters we should already be firmly that definitely describe a new pattern in the grounded, in particular the goals of the in- conduct of handling scientific literature. For formation process. This is our business. We example, in discus&g the specialized in- have other skills in acquiring and manipulat- formation center, the Weinberg Panel being materials. lieves it "should be primarily a technical in- But we are faced with several challenges. stitute rather than a technical librarv." This One is education and training. Another chal- indicates a need for something different, lenge is recruitment of persons with the something new, something that exists today talent, the curiousity, and the determination in only a relatively few places. our future welfare demands. Still another There seems to be added to the jobs of challenge is the basic research needed for cataloging, indexing, abstracting, and bib- the very foundations of the brave new world, liographic and reference functions (long the particularly in the transfer or communica- trademarks of the librarian), the arts of tion of properly selected information and the evaluation, synthesis, and information trans- manner of its use. fer networks, which add the skills of the sci- Special libraries and librarians have many entist, the engineer, and the specialist what- things in their favor-an aggressive policy ever his field may be. In fact this added of service, closeness to their users, a history group has received a higher degree of em- of cooperative effort, and possibly access to phasis, probably because the Panel would funds if the potential is proved. As to the place upon the scientist a responsibility that, special librarian's place in the Weinberg heretofore, he has normally left to someone scheme of things-there are many "man- else. But the Panel is telling us that times sions." There seems to me to be no elements have changed and that the scientist himself in the proposals that could not be com- mart take an interest in what ha~~ensL I to the petently provided, organized, or directed by information he generates. In so doing he is a librarian, given certain factors: the neces- to have a mixture of skills: "Familiarity with sary expertise at the given level, recognition modern techniques of information IDloceSS- for the need of specialists of many kinds, and ing is necessary for the modern scientist and of the interrelationships of the organizational engineer. Our colleges and universities must and administrative process. provide instruction in these techniques as part of the regular scientific curriculum" J. HESTONHEALD reads the report. For my discussion permit me to deal more The panel emphasizes two types of service specifically with recommendations A-1, A-2, from the world of knowledge. They are: A-3, and A-4 of the Report. These recom- 1) the specialized information center, and mendations deal, in general, with a new con- 2) the central depository. The first is likened cept in information handling and place a to the retailer and the second to the whole- challenge directly on the technical com- saler. The first would require the assistance munity and the professional societies. Lead of professional scientists and engineers who statements for these recommendations are: would keep abreast of their specific subject, A-1. The technical covzmujzity must recog- synthesize it, and make state-of-the-art evd- izize that hnndlizg of technical itzfomation ir uations and critical reviews. The other would a zuo~thyand integrnl prt of science. be the collecting point, where recorded A-2. The iudividual author must accept more knowledge, in whatever form of document, rwpomibility for. subseque?zt retrieval of what would be bibliographically controlled, stored, i~ published. and retrieved a; needed. JULY-AUGUST 1963 This concept, of course, puts these two serv- the work of Winifred Sewell's Goals for ices very close to each other, and each must 1970 Committee; and this panel discussion, know the ingredients of the other's trade. all signify positive action. For a number of vears now we have seen SLA has a right to be concerned. It was this relationship growing with increasing born out of a need for s~ecializedI treatment emphasis. Actually, it has always existed to of knowledge. The new "information sci- some extent, but the growing impact has now ence" is really only an added emphasis to forced the scientist and the special librarian the original concept. Hence, I believe it is onto common grounds in a very emphatic the Association's true responsibility to change way. The problem is that each has a short- gears wherever necessary to accommodate this coming in the other's skills. added emphasis. Here, then, are the more If, as Samuel Sass has said, Gresham's important areas that I would recommend : Law can be applied to the library profession, 1. College courses leading toward a degree then I believe it is equally true that it applies in information science should be drawn and to the scientist. arrangements for proper accreditation made Today a growing number of scientists, (there are already good beginnings here). with little or no library training, have con- This should be followed by recognition of tributed to library-type skills through the de- information science graduates into active velopment of mechanized techniques. Mathe- membership, if otherwise qualified. maticians, logicians, electronic engineers, 2. Standardization or compatibility in the computer programmers, and systems analysts building of vocabularies, the writing of ab- are spending considerable time in the auto- stracts, the preparation of indexes, and the mating, or trying to automate, such skills as actual writing of technical reports need seri- cataloging, indexing, abstracting, biblio- ous attention. graphic services, and the more sophisticated 3. Automation and the many facets of mech- art of information retrieval. anized techniques should be recognized as On the other hand the special librarian, offering great possibilities in the information often without scientific training, is faced problem. Likewise, they must be understood. with the problems of dealing with science Both strength and weakness exist. SLA and must provide a specific service in a field might well point up areas where develop- for which he often has little background. ment in mechanized techniques are needed. More important, he is now finding himself We need specialists among ;s to devise the faced with mechanical tools, capable of do- "software," i.e., the methods of analyzing, ing many things for him; but if he is not indexing, and programming for successful acquainted with those great capacities, he information retrieval. cannot wisely use them. 4. There is a growing requirement to more All of this-and there is much more- fully understand the needs of the user. This makes me come back to my original point. is certainly a function of "Putting Knowl- The four recommendations of the Panel that edge to Work." I have referred to clearly indicate that a new 5. An information transfer network, as rec- look is needed, and with the Weinberg Re- ommended in the Weinberg Report (A-4), port we will soon see it take definite shape. should be given continued surveillance by This amalgamation of scientist-librarian SLA. This is almost certain to become an has given rise to the terms "information integral part in the future of information science" and "information scientists." Last science. October, long before the Weinberg Report If these steps are taken by SLA, there will appeared, I wrote the SLA President, Ethel be need for considerable missionary work Klahre, and suggested that SLA consider and advertising. Every step possible should seriously and quickly its new role in this new be taken to let the world know that infor- field. The theme of this Convention, "Edu- mation science is a part of special librarian- cation for Special Librarianship"; the four ship and that the information scientist is a working papers, "A Look to the Future"; special librarian. SPECIAL LIBRARIES many in this audience are familiar. But re- As a member of the SLA Sci-Tech Com- garding proprietary rights we find ourselves mittee on Government Information Services, in the peculiar position of having the AEC I consider it appropriate that I restrict my con- take title to all information generated by its cern largely to a few of the recommendations contractors while the DOD allows its con- pertaining to government agencies. Our Com- tractors to exercise their full proprietary mittee is vitally interested in this Report and rights. in developments that may occur as a result This last matter, removing impedances to of it, but my remarks at this time are my own the flow of information, seems to me to be a and do not necessarily reflect those of the suitable topic for comment and discussion by other Committee members. this audience so that we may jointly achieve The portion of the Report with which I a better understanding of this problem and, am concerned at this time is largely a re- hopefully, that we may arrive at some possi- flection of the work of the Special Task ble solutions, which could be forwarded to Force of the President's Special Assistant for appropriate Government representatives for Science and Technology. This group, which their consideration. is listed on page 44 of the Report, decided not to study the details of information retrieval but wisely limited its study to the There are three aspects of the Report on over-all information systems used in the which I would like to comment. government. They worked diligently for First, the imprint. This is not the report several months, they used interviews in of a minor department of a government depth, and they sought to study information agency. This is not the report of a subcom- at all levels from the bench scientist on up. mittee of a Congressional committee. It car- Most of the recommendations of this Task ries the imprint of The White House and is Force were embodied in the final Report. signed by The Chief Executive Officer of the These included the recommendations that: United States, The President. This is indica- "Each Federal agency concerned with science tive of its importance and of the weight the and technology must accept its responsibility Remrt should carrv. for information activities in fields that are Second, I am proud to be a member of an relevant to its mission. Each agency must organization whose Executive Secretary, Bill devote an appreciable fraction of its talent M. Woods, recognized the impomrtance of and other resources to support information the Report and arranged for its considera- activities;" ". . . each agency should estab- tion by the membership at this meeting to- lish a highly placed focal point of responsi- night. Except as the Report is read and dis- bility for information activities that is part cussed by the members of associations, of the research and development arm, not groups, and organizations, its impact will be of some administrative arm, of the agency;" less than its potential. ". . . Government information systems should The third point you won't like. I don't be kept under surveillance by the Federal like it either. It is the image- of the librarian Council for Science and Technology;" and that the Report portrays. "The various Government and non-Govern- The first time I read the Report I was ment systems must be articulated by means indignant. Whenever, on those rare oc- of . . . information clearinghouses. . . ." casions, the word "librarian" was used, it All of these seem to me to be recommenda- was used in the sense of the passive archivist, tions worthy of our support. However, omitted as a storekeeper of literature. When the lit- from the final Report was the recommenda- erature was processed (bibliographically de- tion that "Impedances to the flow of infor- scribed, indexed, or abstracted), it was cred- mation need to be removed." By impedances ited to the documentalist. And when there the Task Force meant specifically security was intellectual interplay between man and and proprietary rights. The security problem the literature, as in information retrieval, it has many ramifications with which I am sure was accomplished by the literature scientist. JULY-AUGUST 1963 This is not my concept of librarianship. Committee that would have each scientist be And then I read the report again-and educated in the techniques of information parts of it another time. I considered it more handling and that would have him spend dispassionately and rationally. The image of half his time in creating new information the librarian was honestly reported as the and half in digesting information from members of the Science Advisory Committee others and communicating his own. But the and the writers of the Report saw us. We whole theme of this SLA Convention dem- can't point our finger at them and derisively onstrates that we recognize that education in say it isn't so. information handling techniques-like all We, as individuals and as members of other education-must be continuing. Per- the library profession, must accept, in vary- haps one of the implications of the Report ing degrees, a measure of the responsibility for librarians is that we must take an active for our image as they see it. The image is part in providing for the continuing educa- our fault, not theirs. tion of the scientist in new developments in At the turn of the century and for the first information and communication. couple of decades of this century, the leaders Though the Report rarely mentions the of our profession, for the most part innocent library, there seems to be some confusion of the advantages of formal library school when it does. On page 29 there is a positive training, brought the profession to new and forward-looking statement : "We also heights. We approved of what they had recommend that secondary school guidance done, and we enshrined the results in tradi- officers learn more about career opportunities tion, in library school curricula, and in our in modern technical librarianship. The li- professional associations. brary profession has so far given only a token Even our Association became conservative, nod to the challenge presented by the radi- and we excluded from meaningful member- cally new systems of organizing, storing, and ship all who do not work in a library. It is retrieving technical information. We believe only within the last year that the SLA Bylaws this shortcoming would be overcome if more granted active membership to one employed able scientists and engineers went into tech- not in a library but in an information center. nical librarianship." And I still doubt that we really mean it. Yet on page 33, the Report says "knowl- Librarianship is more than the traditional edgeable scientific middlemen, who them- work in a library-it encompasses all aspects selves contribute to science, are the backbone of the information activity. We are again of the information center; they make an in- on the verge of the same type of achieve- formation center a technical institute rather ments that our predecessors accomplished than a technical library." The distinction is half a century ago. If we turn our eyes from also made that the technical information ten- the past, divorce ourselves from tradition, ter retrieves information rather than docu- and become a participant in meeting the ments. challenges implied by Science, Gozwmnent. This apparent contradiction would appear md Infomzation, we will make librarianship to stem more from a lack of knowledge of meaningful and have no cause for concern today's special libraries than from any wish about our image. to downgrade them. Certainly virtually every special library has supplied information as WINIFREDSEWELL well as documents, and many special librar- The Weinberg Report has buried some ians would qualify as "knowledgeable scien- misconceptions, such as the idea that a ma- tific middlemen." Any difference between the chine can solve all our problems or that good present technical library and the proposed scientific communication is a substitute for technical information center would appear to good management. Inevitably, through omis- be more quantitative than qualitative. sion or commission, it has allowed some mis- What directions should Special Libraries conceptions to remain. Association take in response to the Weinberg We applaud the recommendations of the Report? I can suggest three: SPECIAL LIBRARIES 1. We should send a carefully written docu- basis of a wide acquaintance with the other ment to the Panel emphasizing the present offerings in the field, but they evaluate con- activities of the Association and the impor- stantly on the basis of relevancy to the needs tance of the special library in a technical in- of their particular clientele. The special li- formation center program. brarian is not only an habitual evaluator; he 2. As individuals we should use the tech- is a purposeful one and an impartial one. nical information center concept to advance If the people responsible for the Wein- our own programs of making our libraries berg Report are concerned with sounder more closely satisfy the total information re- evaluation of the vast scientific information quirements of our organizations. output (as I certainly believe they are), then 3. One of the areas of needed research about they might well consider ways and means which we have been talking at this Conven- to enrich the subject backgrounds of those tion is in the most economical use of man- who want to do the work of evaluating this power to obtain effective information con- material. Assistance with graduate degrees sumption. We need a fresh approach to the and formation of special institutes for re- problem, and Special Libraries Association is fresher courses or advanced study might well the logical group to provide it. be undertaken by an interested government. Better education of those interested in Comments from the Audience evaluation will help the information special- JOANMORRIS, Boston ist to understand better what he controls. According to the Weinberg Report, the But the how of control-the multiple func- present-day librarian or information special- tions of selection, acquisition, classification, ist will have to give up his work to a scientist cataloging, announcement, and dissemination who will evaluate the work of other scientists -are really his business. In this business, he while the special librarian steps down to is the specialist, not the scientist. work of a clerical order. How such a report can be accepted so WILLIAMK. BEATTY,Chicago easily remains a matter of surprise. It either There is nothing practicable in the current wholly disregards, or regards with insuf- scientific information center that is not con- ficient attention, certain facts obvious to any- tained in modern special librarianship. The one who is working in the field of science- special library of today, if it is properly fi- to wit, scientists capable in an area specialty nanced, staffed, and housed, is able to provide have neither the time nor the interest to be information service of the highest order. The information specialists for the nation. Weinberg Report will, hopefully, draw at- Area specialization among eminent sci- tention to the past failures in giving this sup- entists is now so deep that "hard" scientists port to special libraries. have become myopic in outlook, eclectic in Most of the questions raised in the Report their own reading. No really creative scientist are answered by Ralph Shaw in an article in has the time or interest to do more than Scieme (May 10, 1963, p. 606-9). Mr. Shaw explain his own work and findings in pub- points out that we are equating improvement lications. With a little editorial pressure he with change and emphasizing the means might be induced to aid the special librarian rather than the end. He calls for a careful by selecting accurate "descriptors" for each and detailed study of "search strategy" and of his own articles, but beyond this he will of the various methods of handling informa- hardly go willingly. tion. Answering questions by a computer "is No one denies that scientists often read not a miracle," it is one of many modern the works of other scientists avidly-but methods of processing information. The they do not read to evaluate impartially for Weinberg Report can become a most im- the scientific world at large. They read with portant document if it opens the eyes of a slazted interest. The truly impartial evalu- government, administration, and librarians ators are the special librarians. Not only do to the most efficient methods for handling they evaluate a scientist's offering on the the information explosion. JULY-AUGUST 1963 CHARLESH. STEVENS,Lexington, Mass. I feel the Weinberg Report is an excellent It is clear that there has been some mis- and true paper. It has set forth the lack of understanding by the participants on the information exchange between the scientist nature of the Scientific Information Center and engineer in which we, as librarians, as proposed in the pamphlet. These centers failed to act as the middle person. The justi- -and many of them are already in existence fication for having a library or technical in- -have three interrelated functions. The first formation center is a responsibility that rests is to collect information, documents, and with us. We must be the salesmen and sell data on the subject of interest. The second ourselves, our profession, and our activities is to analyze, correlate, and synthesize the to management. The more active we are, the information gathered. The third is to pub- more successful we will be in selling the lish the results of the analysis, correlation, library or the technical information center and synthesis in forms that will be most to management. This is not an easy task con- useful to the scientific communitv. sidering that in most cases we are an over- There is a continuing need for more of head burden to management. these centers, and it is obvious that librarians We are, therefore, lucky and fortunate who understand the functions of such centers that we now have at our disposal a document can be the prime movers in organizing and such as the Weinberg Report. This Report, deveIoping these centers to meet the various bearing such important and official approval, subject needs that become apparent. To is the best sales instrument we ever pos- amplify, the librarian should approach man- sessed, and it is the best tool we can and agement with an understanding of the three must use to sell management on the need and functions of a center and request the forma- requirements of a library or a technical in- tion of a center, utilizing the scientific per- formation center for the exchange of scien- sonnel that would be necessary for analysis, tific data. This is what the Report spells out; correlation, and synthesis and seeking- the this is what we should show management to support of publications personnel necessary buy. for writing and publishing results. Such an For those who are responsible for an in- activity would have its foundations in the formation center devoted to national de- library as the agency for collecting the avail- fense, this Weinberg Report is another tool and blessing in disguise. As we all know, able world literature on the subiect. TakingU this step of leadership should assure the li- research data for national defense can onlv brarian that he will not be left out of the be obtained if one can prove his "need-to- picture or relegated to an unimportant posi- know." The acquisition of classified data de- tion as the centers develop. pends on a Field-of-Interest Register, which must be approved by the cognizant contract CHARLESK. BAUER,Marietta, Georgia agency. It is here where we are occasionally We have heard the criticism that the faced with a road block for the release of Weinberg Report mentions the librarian only scientific data for our scientists and engi- about six times. Have we ever given any neers. Using the Weinberg Report, which thought to the possibility that we are to spells out that a major share of the burden blame ourselves? I noted with amazement, for avoiding a crisis in scientific and technical when Mr. Jackson asked for a show of hands development and information rests on the of those not familiar with the Report, that federal government, which now supports more than one-third of those present have three-fourths of all scientific and technolog- not familiarized themselves with the contents ical research in the United States, will help of this important document. This is an in- in many cases to overcome the reluctance ;f dication that we, who should be information government agencies to release needed data. minded, have not kept up with our responsi- It is an advantageous tool for librarians to bility of keeping abreast with the latest de- use to acquire scientific data. We could not velopments-not even in our own field. I ask for any better sales brochure, but we agree wholeheartedly with Mr. Randall. must use it wisely. SPECIAL LIBRARIES Circulation Control by Computer R. W. GIBSON, JR., and G. E. RANDALL, IBM Research Library T. J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, New York

HE APPLICATION of machine techniques Tto library processing promises savings in time, money, and personnel and an increased efficiency in library operations. To investigate some of the potentials of mechanization, the Thomas J. Watson Research Center Library (commonly called the Research Library) started using an IBM 1401 computer for circulation control early in the fall of 1962. The experience of the first six months of operation not only warrants the continuation of the circulation control system but also encourages experimenting with the mechanization of other library procedures. Like most IBM libraries, Research had used a punched card circulation system for years. The circulation card was machine produced, but the two-card circulation system was essentially a manual one. The inclination to give a complete historical resume of the development of the present system will be curtailed; it is suffice to say the original system was justified on the basis of library operations at the time it was devised. Impetus for the establishment of the computer-based system was supplied when the Research Library initiated a regular recall of overdue books and the library staff was faced with the de- parture of the assistant who had done the circulation work. 'MAN NO - Data Punched into Cards 460- go/, /a -ado f &VISION BLW NO ROW MO z I Circulation cards for both the original and I --1 3 /5 3 -5-63 -- the present system are a by-product of the TEL EXT 990-0029-0 DATE abbreviated shelflist card that is made at the time a book is received. The complete call number, including year, volume, and copy Figure 1: Circulation charge card. number, is punched in columns 1 to 30 of an IBM card, the last name of the author or lation charge cards, are used to print a book an abbreviated form of the corporate entry is shelflist and an author index, which have in columns 31 to 47, and a short title is proven useful in the cataloging activity punched from columns 48 to 68. (which has a complete, manual shelflist) as This shelflist card is keypunched and then well as in the reference and order areas. duplicated twiceonce for the author index to While the shelflist and its author index can the shelflist and once for the circulation card. be printed on the IBM 407, the punched Incidentally, the shelflist cards, in addition card record has been transferred to tape and to being the source documents for the circu- the last issue of the shelflist was printed by JULY-AUGUST 1963 333 NEW LOANS a - RESERVES COUNT OF NEW LOANS BY TYPE OF UAN

I 1 LJ SORT TO CALL NO. >TITLE >AUTHOR

INPUT TO PHASE 2

Figure 2: In phase I new loan and reserve cards ar.e converted to tape. the 1401. The tape was then sorted by au- a printed list, also arranged by author, of all thor, the entries for added copies were books on loan, which identifies the borrower erased, and an author index was printed from by identification number and indicates the the shelflist record. date due; and 3) a printed list, arranged by The record of a loan is put into the system borrower, which records all of the items when a borrower writes his name and identi- charged to him at one time. The circulation fication number on a circulation charge card card has no borrower information on it; it (Figure 1). The man number and date due is merely the new charge card that is slipped code are punched into all new loan cards into a book when it is returned. More details once a day. The date due code is a four-digit of these records will be provided as the sys- number with the first digit indicating the tem is explained. type of loan, the second, the year, and the Once a week all of the new charges and third and fourth, the week the material is the file of circulation cards (or charge deck), due. which represents outstanding loans, are taken The Research Library has several types of to the computer room, which has on tape a loans that are coded as follows: complete record of all loans at the time the CODE TYPE LOAN last circulation run was made. 1 Two-week loan for new books for which there are multiple requests Three Phases of System 2 One-month or normal loan In phase I (Figure 2), the new charge 3 Six-month loan for books consid- cards-the ones signed by the borrowers and ered as office tools keypunched with their identification numbers 4 Departmental loan and due dates-are put on tape. The tape is 7 Renewal of one-month loan sorted by author and put into exact alphabet- 8 Renewal of six-month loan ical order to provide a tape record of new % Book requested and reserved for loans. someone. In phase I1 (Figure 3), the charge deck The date due code 7312 represents a loan is checked by the computer to determine that that is a renewal of a one-&nth loan (7), it is in the exact alphabetical order. This is due in 1963 (3) during the 12th week of necessary because occasionally the wrong card the year. is manually pulled to slip a returned book, The system provides three basic records of recognized as the wrong card, and then man- items on loan: I) the file of circulation cards ually refiled-out of order. This error in se- arranged by author for each item on loan; 2) quence can "confuse" a computer, so the 334 SPECIAL LIBRARIES 140 1 SORT 2 SORTS BOOKS TO CALL NO. >TITLE > AUTHOR BORROWER MAN NO.

NEW MASTER BORROWER FROM PHASE 2 HEADER CONTAINS MAN NAMES LOCATION, DlVlSION

BOOKS ON OVERDUE NOTICE OVERDUE NOTICE LOAN BY SHORT TERM RENEWED BORROWER LOANS LOANS

SENT TO BORROWER Figure 3: In phase II new and former loan tapes are merged to produce up-to-date circulation records, correctness of the alphabetical order is ma- the borrower's identification number and the chine checked. The original tape record of due date for each item on loan. loans-the one resulting from the previous The computer then produces two of the computer run-is brought up to date by three records that are part of the circulation erasing the record for the books that have system. It prints out on the high-speed 1403 been returned. This is done by comparing the printer, at a rate of 600 lines a minute, a list charge deck with the tape. If there is no (Figure 4) of all books on loan, arranged by card for a book on the tape, it means that it author and showing the borrower's identifica- has been returned, and the tape record is tion, call number and the date due, just as removed for that book. The old loan tape they are recorded on the tape. and the new loan tape are then merged. The The computer also punches a new circula- computer at this time has a tape record (ar- tion or charge card for each item on loan as ranged by author) of all items on loan, with shown in Figure 1. The computer only

OOCKS Oh LOAN-BY AUTHOR 05-07-63 PACE 6

TITLE CALL NUMBER LOAYEU TO DUt DATE X LOANS

ALAHCFF INIKC-SOLICS OD9fl5.69 1960 COP- 3 726700 8328 1 AhARCFF INTRO-SOLIDS OD905.AY l96n COP. 4 200620 8340 2 ALAHOFF POhOER METHOD IN X KA PD945.A9 1958 726700 8328 2 AZAROFF POhDEK YCTHOD IN X-R 0D945.A9 195R COP- 2 200620 8340 1 HAHHITT SEkEKAGt AhD SEWAGE T 70645.83 195R 884810 3332 2 RlRlKOV ULTKASCYIC5 AN11 ITS I QC294.82 1900 958364 7312 1 8aCCN NEUTRON DLFFRACTION QL721.8117 1155 170694 3j17 1 Figure 4: Printout of items on loan, arranged by author. JULY-AUGUST 1763 335 BOOK SLIPS REPRESENT BOOKS ON LOAN FROM WHICH RETURNED BOOK SLIPS HAVE BEEN REMOVED AND PUT BACK IN BOOK. CHECKED FROM LAST OLD MASTER NEW LOANS RUN LAST RUN PHASE I

MATCHES OLD MASTER WITH BOOK SLIPS TO DETERMINE BOOKS RETURNED. INSERTS NEW LOANS AND RESERVES IN CALL NO. >TITLE >AUTHOR SEQUENCE.

NEW MASTER NEW BOOK BOOKS ON LOAN BOOKS ON RESERVED LOAN BY BOOKS EXCLUDING RESERVED BOOKS AUTHOR

l NCLUDES RESERVED BOOKS Figure 5: In phase Ill the loan tape and address cards are matched to produce borrower records and overdue notices. punches the holes in the card, unlike a key- ure 6) is printed for each employee who has punch machine that both punches the holes overdue books charged out. These notices and then "interprets" the holes by printing have only to be folded and stapled so that the appropriate letters or numbers at the top the borrower's name and address are show- of the card. The computer-produced cards ing, and they are ready for mailing. are subsequently interpreted by a machine designed to do this and called, strangely Recent Innovations enough, an interpreter. It would be possible Since its original inception, two advanta- to punch cards for only the new loans and to geous changes have been built into the pro- interfile these into the outstanding loan file. gram. The first time a book is loaned, the However, this would slow down the com- number "1" is recorded in column 80 bv puter just enough so that it is cheaper to the computer. Each succeeding time that punch a completely new deck of charge cards. same book is loaned. the number is auto- In phase 111 (Figure 5), a deck of address matically increased by one. The number in cards is put into the computer. These cards column 80, therefore, represents the number show the identification number of each Re- of times the book has been loaned. This rec- search employee, his name, and his office ad- ord will be very meaningful in a year or two dress. The tape of loans is then sorted by when the collection needs to be weeded. the borrower's identification number and The circulation system also shows those matched with the address cards. In this sort books that are on the reserve list or have re- three tapes are produced from which print- questers waiting for them. New books are outs are made. First a list of borrowers is displayed in the Research Library for a week produced, which shows their identification before they can be borrowed. -~urin~this numbers, names, and office addresses, plus a period a number of requests are made. Each list of all books charged to each of them. request is registered on a circulation card In addition, a recall, or overdue notice (Fig- with the identification number of the bor- 336 SPECIAL LIBRARIES OVkRCUE BOOK NOTICE SHOST TFRM LOANS

118890 CONNELL RA 473 25-1

LF YOU STILL NEE0 ANY ITEM LISTED StLOW WRITE **RENEW** AFTER THE ITEM AN0 RETURN THIS NOTICE TO THE RESEARCH LIBRARY. PLEASE RETURN ALL OVERDUE LTELS PROMPTLY AS ThERE MAY RE CTHERS WAITING FOR THE ITEM. lFANK YOU FOR YOUR CCOPERATION.

L 1 NHART PLASMA PHYSICS QC711.L35 1960 2316

Figure 6: A typical overdue-renewal notice printed by the 1401 computer and sent to borrowers. rower in the proper place. At the time a book follow-up action to route the book to the is sent to the first requester, a duplicate card next requester is possible. The machine sys- is made for each other requester. Instead of tem can make these items obvious. a date due, an asterisk and the sequence num- Recalling overdues is a process that also ber of the request is punched in the card. invites human error. In reviewing charge The circulation record, arranged by author cards to determine which items are overdue, and produced on the 1403, prints a record of dates, names, and addresses can be misread. the requests for the book just in advance of To prepare an overdue notice in a manual the record of the loan of the book. system requires that information be reviewed, During phase I, a separate record of all read, and copied by error-prone humans, but requested books is printed, which shows all in a machine system, the procedure is auto- of the requesters for that book. This is an matic and a by-product of circulation record excellent guide for determining the number maintenance. And overdues are written at a of additional copies, if any, that should be rate of 600 lines-not words-per minute. purchased. One of the more onerous library chores Borrowers note on the overdue notice their is counting. Recording circulation figures in request to renew titles they desire to retain. the various categories into which librarians The computer prints "Not to be renewed" subdivide them can be boring and subject at the end of the line for each type "1" loan, to gross errors of accident or intent. The thereby alerting the borrower that that book machine doesn't get tired, nor does it sub- cannot be renewed since others are waiting consciously strive to better last week's figures. for it. To give the reader some basis for evaluating the system employed by the Research Advantages of Machine-System Library, a few numbers may be helpful. The advantages of the system are mani- Only books are loaned; the journal collection fold. First, it reduces human error. All cards is kept intact for use solely within the li- are arranged and put into the proper order brary. Of the 20,000 books in the collection, by the computer; consequently, there just the number on loan has consistently run be- aren't human filing errors. Most snags in a tween 4,300 and 4,500 for the past several circulation system are caused by misfiling of months. The weekly circulation averages 500, the original charge card or by pulling the of which 300 are new loans and 200 are re- wrong card when the book is returned. There newals. isn't any misfiling in the computer system. The Research Library is a service organiza- In organizations where the books charged tion and exercises no disciplinary control out to any one individual must be readily over its borrowers. It imposes neither fines found, a two-card charging system is com- nor threats of recrimination. Recall of books mon. When a book is returned, the records is not done to enhance the library collection for it must first be pulled from one file, but to improve the services and resources then the second. There are frequent errors available to other members of the Research in pulling the second card. staff. We elicit but don't demand cooperation. In a manual system, some method of flag- In spite of this, or perhaps because of it, ging requested books must be found so that the overdue recall system has been successful. JULY-AUGUST 1963 Recalling loans on a regular basis was ini- instructors in library school. One of the by- tiated at the time of an inventory two years products of the use of machines has been a ago. The immediate result was an increase of considerable improvement in the accuracy 25 per cent in the library resources readily and exactness of library records. available to library users. The fact that the In addition to the changes that will be total number of outstanding loans has re- made, experience with mechanization has mained relatively constant does indicate that provoked consideration of other possible de- loaned books are returned. This should not viations from accepted library practice. Using be construed to mean that all borrowers dash the call number as the unique identification to the library with the evidences of their de- of a book may be an expensive luxury in a linquency whenever an overdue notice is machine system. The Research Library has dropped into their in-boxes. Every other set aside 30 columns for the call number. week we send out about 350 notices covering Probably 14 numbers would be quite ade- 1400 overdue books. quate to indicate shelving order, and a six- digit identification or accession number (ade- Future Improvements and Modifications quate for a million volume library) would Were we to start the svstem anew with the still leave an additional ten spaces for re- benefit of our present hindsight, we would cording information. make some changes in the present system, The use of a rigid Cutter number system just as we found that we had to make would permit a rough alphabetic sort to be changes in the system with which we started. made on a four- or five-digit basis rather

The 80 columns of an IBM card im~oseI a than on the 17 digits reserved for the author limitation on the amount of information that entry. This modification is not necessary if can be recorded. The original charge card all sorting is to be done on a computer but and shelflist svstem set aside 30 columns would offer savings if any alphabetization for the call number, which is the unique were to be done on EAM equipment. identification for each copy of a book in the We have learned much from our six collection. The components of the call num- months' experience with the computer. Some ber are not relegated to specific columns. of the lessons are being applied to the pro- This makes it extremelv difficult to machine duction of a holding list of journals. We are sort by the Library of Congress classification looking forward to experimenting with number. When appropriate, the system will other applications of the record we now be revised so that the various elements of the have, such as printing the call number on a call number will be recorded in specific col- label to replace hand lettering, and printing umns of the card. rather than typing a label for the charge card To squeeze the maximum amount of in- pocket. A future goal is the initiation of a formation into the limited area, words were complete machine record at the time of ac- abbreviated. In spite of the inclination to quisition so that the purchase order and the abbreviate American as "A" in ASTM, or catalog cards would be produced from the "Am" in Amer. Inst. Pub. Health, "Amer" same source deck of punched cards. in Amer. Hospital Assn., or write it out as The activities of the Research Library in in American Men of Science, if the entries are to be sorted by machine, abbreviations mechanizing the circulation system have been must all be identical. Furthermore, abbrevia- made possible through the cooperation of tion must put the word in the same order Mr. A. L. Bochner, Systems Analyst for IBM that it would be in if it were spelled out. Management Analysis and Planning System This requires the use of some rather unusual (Project MAPS). The circulation system is forms, which would hardly be countenanced an integral and operating part of Project by a dictionary, i.e., "British" must be ab- MAPS in its role of performing systems breviated "Brits." analysis, programming, and data processing The computer is more demanding of exact- functions for all administrative areas in IBM ness than the most rigorous of cataloging Research.

SPECIAL LIBRARIES Brooklyn's Business Library- 20 Years Old SYLVIA MECHANIC, Business Librarian Brooklyn Public Library, Business Library, Brooklyn, New York

HIS YEAR OF 1963 and financial firms are concentrated here. In T marks a number of an- 1943, exactly 20 years ago, the Business Li- niversaries for the Brook- brary was opened on the second floor of the lyn Heights Branch (for- Montague Branch. Here it continued to grow merly the Montague and to serve an ever increasing public until Branch), which for the old age finally condemned an outmoded, in- past 20 years has housed efficient building. In 1960 this Brooklyn the Business ~ibrai~,a specialized unit of landmark was demolished. and construction the Brooklyn Public Library system. Exactly started on a new building. For two years 140 years ago, in 1823, a William Wood each unit operated in separate temporary thought a library should be provided for quarters until, on June 1, 1962, the new li- working boys, and so the Brooklyn Appren- brary was opened to the public. Once more tice's Library Association was formed. Books these two units are again under the same were donated and gathered together from roof-the Business Library operating as a house to house in a wheelbarrow. The fol- self-contained unit serving the specialized lowing year the cornerstone for this library needs of its patrons, and the Brooklyn was laid by General Lafayette, and Walt Heights Branch, also a self-contained unit Whitman records that he, as a child of six, serving the general needs of the community. was present at the ceremonies. The library made several moves and un- Location, Building, and Staff derwent at least four name changes in its The Business Library, at 280 Fulton Street, first 80 years. Finally, in 1903, it joined the part of the new Brooklyn Civic Center com- Brooklyn Public Library. In its multi-storied plex, is in the downtown business and finan- building on Montague Street, it continued to cial area, across the street from the main Post expand and serve as the reference center for Office and Supreme Court Building and in the whole library system. However, as the the general vicinity of most of the borough borough grew, as population shifted, and as and state governmental buildings. Three more and more Carnegie units were erected, subways and several bus lines discharge their it was evident that a new, larger, better lo- passengers a short walk from the building. cated Central Building was needed-a need Borrowers from the Wall Street area have a that was fulfilled in 1941 with the opening five-minute subway ride and find it more of the Ingersoll Building at Grand Army convenient to travel to Brooklyn than to Plaza. No longer did the Montague Branch mid-town Manhattan. Municipal parking fa- head the list of libraries. Books, periodicals, cilities and a commercial parking lot in back newspapers, and serials that had accumu- of the library further contribute to its gen- lated for over a hundred years were trans- eral accessibility. ferred to the new Ingersoll Building, where The new, two story, $2,500,000 granite they still serve as the nucleus for the entire and limestone air-conditioned building has reference collection. been designed to incorporate the latest ideas It soon became apparent, however, that in equipment and efficient service. The Busi- the fine resources in the area of business ness Library is located on the left wing of the must remain in the downtown Montague first floor; the Brooklyn Heights Branch on Branch since the bulk of Brooklyn's business the right. Near the main entrance is the

JULY-AUGUST 1963 charge desk, which handles the book charg- In addition to standard commercial and ing and discharging for both units. trade atlc~esand very old real estate folio As books are returned, they are dropped volumes for all the boroughs of New York, into a specially constructed chute that con- there are two titles of special importance: the veys them to the sorting area on one of two 19 volume set of Sanborn Fire Insurance stack levels that houses the stack reference maps for Brooklyn, which are constantly re- books for the Business Library. Once the vised to show existing buildings and give books have been checked for reserves and some detail about their construction, and the have been sorted by unit, they can be re- Nirenstein National Realty maps in 14 folio J 1 turned to their respective shelves by elevator volumes, which show the main business sec- or book lift. Stack reference books needed bv tions of the largest cities throughout the the Business Library borrowers are speeded United States, including basic statistics for to their destination at the information desk each area. by four Lamson conveyors located at each Perhaps the most unique collection, cer- end of the two stack levels. tainly one of the heaviest used, consists of The second floor contains the children's about 1,500 directory volumes arranged on room, various staff rooms and offices, and an open shelves. These books, while cataloged, auditorium seating 250 people, which can be are not filed by call number but by a very subdivided into three smaller rooms through simple colored tape scheme that enables bor- the use of folding" doors. rowers to use any of the four categories of Seven professionally trained librarians, directories without resorting to the card three full-time appointed clerks, and eight catalog or call slips. If a directory is an in- part-time substitutes comprise the Business dustrial guide for any of the 50 states of the Library's personnel. The professional staff is United States or its larger cities, a piece of charged with manning the two reference red tape is placed over the call number and desks, three telephones-and the information the &me of the area is lettered on the tape. desk during the busiest time of the day, 12 These directories are then alphabetized by noon-2:30 p.m. The appointed clerks and state and by city within the state. If a direc- speciallv trained substitutes are scheduled at tory is an industrial guide for any other area the information desk during the remainder of the world, a piece of blue tape is placed of the Library's schedule of 9 a.m.-9 p.m. on over the call number, the name of the coun- Monday, Wednesday, and Friday; 9 a.m.-6 try printed on the tape and again alphabetized. p.m. on Tuesday and Thursday; and 9 a.m.- Green tape indicates trades and professional 1 p.m. on Saturday. services, i.e., accountants, booksellers, mu- seums, etc. The last group is identified by Collection buff tape and denotes products, i.e., chem- The book stock of over 50,000 volumes icals, plastics, shoes, textiles, etc. If a direc- includes some 13,000 titles in all areas of tory is a slight one, it is enclosed in one of a business and finance, which may be bor- half dozen different sized rod binders, la- rowed for home use. The remainder of the beled, and shelved in its appropriate alpha- collection includes basic single reference betical order, by color. titles as well as the following categories: Because of the need to receive directories The importance of the amual report to as quickly as possible, standing orders have the businessman and investor can not be been placed with all publishers, which will minimized nor can the difficulty of servicing accept them. Upon receipt in the book order the original be discounted. The library main- department, these directories are sent im- tains, on Microcard, all reports for com- mediately to the Business Library, bypassing panies listed on the American and New York the catalog department. Here they are proc- Stock Exchanges from 1952 to date. Avail- essed by stamping ownership, updating the able, too, are hundreds of organization and specially printed serials record card, and re- government reports bound for permanent moving the tape of the earlier edition and reference use. very often using the same tape for the latest SPECIAL LIBRARIES A portion of the new Brooklyn Public Library's Brooklyn Heights Branch, located at 280 Fulton Street in downtown Brooklyn. volume. It is not at all unusual for a direc- such maintains the latest issue of about 800 tory to be received in the noon interchange alphabetical and classified telephone books and be on the shelves by the next morning. for United States cities and over 300 vol- By and large, only the latest issue of most umes covering major foreign cities through- directories is kept; earlier ones are sent for out the world. For greater New York and duplicate exchange. the periphery area, bound volumes are avail- Since currency is so important a factor in able from 1940 to date and microfilm vol- the use of all directories, a special system has umes from 1878 to date. been set up for the expeditious handling of Polk city directories for the 125 largest new titles. When these are ordered a special canvassed cities in the United States are note, DIRECTORY-DO NOT PROCESS OR readily available in book form. Available too CATALOG, is typed at the bottom of the or- are the Brooklyn City Directories on micro- der slip. On receipt in the book order de- film from 1796 to 1933/34 and New York partment, these titles are sent directly to the City Directories from 1786 to 1933/34. Business Library where they are processed as As a selective depository of both United usual, and the serials record card completed States and New York State documeuts. files with all the pertinent information except the of the publications of all agencies relating call number. The next year when the later to business in its broadest application are edition comes in, the earlier one is sent to the maintained. Of unique interest should be catalog department and when it finally comes mentioned a complete file of the Federal back cataloged, there is a full set of cards, Register in its original form, all bills and including the call number, which is trans- resolutions introduced into Congress and ferred to our serials record card. With this into the New York State Senate and Assembly, very workable system, no directory is with- a complete file of Federal Specifications, Cur- held from use for more than the limited time rent Industrial Reports, Mineral Industry it takes to process a new item. Reports, and others too numerous to men- The Business Library acts as a deposit for tion. The Library is unusually strong in U. S. the New York Telephone Company and as Census publications and in the statistical

JULY-AUGUST 1963 yearbooks and reports issued by govern- is available for use in conjunction with these mental agencies throughout the world. The basic resources. document collection has been further Backing up the whole book collection are strengthened by the microprint edition of the some 78 files of no~z-book materials. The deposit and non-deposit publications of some geography file, housed in 39 of these draw- 15 agencies concerned with the business pic- ers, is most outstanding. Folders for every ture of the economy. country and the largest cities of the world Without doubt the heaviest used section are filled with the latest basic economic, fi- in the Business Library is the stack that holds nancial, statistical, employment, and cost of the standard investment advisory, reporting, living data. Material from banks, chambers atzd uewslettev services relating to United of commerce, consular offices, labor depart- States and foreign stocks and bonds. One ments, stock exchanges, and so on swell would be hard put to name a type of invest- each day's mail and make this file absolutely ment about which we could not supply in- distinctive. Market surveys, vertical file pam- formation. Complete runs of all the basic phlets, and government documents fill the financial periodicals, financial and business remainder of the 39 files. periodical indices, and a complete run of the Wall Street Journal on microfilm from 1899 Special Equipment to date round out one of the most compre- To facilitate use of the extensive collec- hensive investment collections to be found tion of micro materials, four microfilm read- in any public library in the United States. ers, three reader-printers, two Microcard The most time-consuming single task in readers, and one microprint reader are lo- the whole Business Librarv is the mainte- cated on the main floor of the Library. The nance of countless loose-leaf services. It reader-printers have three different magnifi- would be difficult indeed to mention any cation lenses capable of reproducing needed area of business in which currencv is a factor, frames of film at a charge of 25 cents a where we do not have a basic title that is frame. All seven machines rest on matching kept up to date by filing. Suffice it to say, metal cabinets, which contain the bulk of the the CCH titles run from Accounting to U. S. film collection. An additional film reader is Szlpveme Court Reports. Available too are located in the stack area for use by research the selected services of the Bureau of Na- workers in conjunction with special study tional Affairs, Institute of Business Planning, carrels, which should be available shortly. A Prentice-Hall, and many others. One of the coin-operated Docustat machine reproduces most recent acquisitions is the five volume a printed page at 25 cents a sheet and com- set published in Chicago, the EBPR (Em- pletes the array of duplicating facilities. ployee Beuefit Plan Rez~iew),which gives the actual pension, welfare, and profit shar- Who Uses th,e Library and Why ing plans of many of the largest organiza- Based on statistics kept while in tempo- tions in the country. rary quarters and gauging the steady increase The newspaper and periodical mail re- in borrower use, it would be fair to estimate ceived each morning in the Business Library that some 60,000 to 65,000 business men, is a librarian's nightmare and a philatelist's company executives, investors, research work- delight. Each day some 21 dailies are re- ers, students, and general borrowers made ceived, and microfilm is maintained for the use of the Library's facilities this past year. Brooklyn Daily Eagle from 1841 until 1955, Telephone calls, especially from business the New York Times, from 1851 to date, firms, are constantly increasing, and in 1962, and the Wall Street Jozli.?zal from 1899 to of the 11,921 calls received in the Business date. Periodicals received number about Library, 5,516 came from commercial or- 1,500 titles, of which 202 are bound for ganizations. The largest number of these permanent reference use and 94 received on came from Manhattan, then from Brooklyn, microfilm. Every standard periodical index Nassau County, New Jersey, and Connecti-

SPECIAL LIBRARIES $"sLE&~A 65 .c,~z JZews aQd 3otes %. . .@ July 1963, No. 3 Published quarterly by Special Libraries Association, 31 East loth Street, New York 3

pecial Libraries Association held its 54th Annual Convention at the Denver Hilton S Hotel, Denver, Colorado, during June 9-13. Phoebe F. Hayes, Convention Chair- man, and her staff handled the tour and meeting requests for 1,124 registrants with a semi-automated system of punched cards. The first all-Convention reception Sunday evening brought members together in the Exhibit Area, where 72 booths dis layed publications, supplies, and machine demonstrations. The booths were placei near the entrances to the Grand Ballroom where many of the sessions were held. The Scholarshi and Student Loan Fund's "Wishing Well" stood near the registration area. The k' eynote address, "The Pierian Spring," was delivered at Monday's opening session by Dr. Estelle Brodman, Librarian and Associate Professor of Medical History, School of Medicine, Washington University. She reminded the librarians that in the age of automation, machines were a means, not an end, and that librarians themselves must make the judgments of quality and usefulness of change while continuing to master new techniques and new knowledge. Many Section and Division agendas were concerned with the Convention theme, "Start Learning Again." The Documentation Division set up a suite where publications and films were available. The Division also arranged for several workshops during the week at the Denver IBM offices where librarians were given a three-hour demonstration lecture on the appIications of electronic data processing techniques for libraries. At the Tuesday afternoon General Session, Grieg Aspnes moderated a panel discussion on "Library Education : A License to Learn." The speakers were from the academic and business fields. The Science- Technology Division's panel explored the question, "Is Library Education Meeting the Challenges of a Changing World?" Directing their discussion on a specific problem, the Metals Division's speakers commented on "The Metals Librarian: How Did He Get Here? Where Is He Going?" At the Book and Author Luncheon, sponsored by the Publishing Division, Marshall Sprague, author of several books on Colorado and the West, told of local lore. Luncheons and tours in and around Denver gave members a chance to see local libraries and business operations and scenery.

he focal point of discussion at the Advisory Council meeting was The President's T Science Advisory Committee Report, Science, Government and Information, referred to as the "Weinberg Report." Moderated by Eugene B. Jackson, thoughtful inter- pretations of the Report were given by William S. Budington; J. Heston Heald, whose comments were read in his absence; Dr. LeRoy H. Linder; Gordon E. Ran- dall; and Winifred Sewell. Though their emphasis was different, they felt that the Report should be a challenge to the librarians. (Explanation and discussion of the Report are on pages 325-32 of this issue.) Robert Gibson, Chairman of the Council, then called on committee chairmen and special representatives for their reports.

anquet-goers were treated to "Ragtime Revisited" by Max Morath, television en- B tertainer. Mr. Morath, sometimes accompanied by a piano and sometimes by slides, sang and spoke of the music of the turn of the century. Ethel S. Klahre, Presi- dent, presented the Association awards. Hall of Fame medallions went to Betty Joy Cole (New Jersey Chapter President Mrs. Mary S. McDermott accepted for her) ; Josephine I. Greenwood; Mrs. Lucile L. Keck; Mrs. Kathleen B. Stebbins, posthu- mously (Jeanette Sledge accepted); and Rose L. Vormelker. he dues increase for Active Members was passed unanimously at the Annual Busi- Tness Meeting, and the increase for Associate members was passed with a clear majority of two-thirds of the members voting. The dues for both grades of membership are $20, effective January 1964. Also accepted was the assessment of a fee of 20 per cent of the Active dues for additional Chapter and Division affiliation, Committee reports and the reports of the President and Treasurer were given. inners of the 1963 scholarships were announced by Gertrude Bloomer, Chair- W man of the Scholarship and Student Loan Fund Committee: Michael Borowyk, Ottawa, Canada; Robert W. Culp, New York City; Patricia Ann Hugghins, Selma, Alabama; Louise Mary Orr, Montreal, Canada; Anita Louise Pope, Cincinnati, Ohio; Mrs. Judith Atkinson Scull, Altadena, California; and Richard Edmund Wallace, East Lansing, Michigan. LA officers for 1963-64 were installed at the Annual Business Meeting: President, S Mildred H. Brode, Chief Librarian, David Taylor Model Basin; President-Elect, William S. Budington, Associate Librarian, John Crerar Library; Advisory Council Chairman, Charles Zerwekh, Jr., Manager of the Records Program, Standard Oil Company (New Jersey) ; Advisory Council Chairman-Elect, Mrs. Elizabeth M. Hutch- ins, Assistant Librarian, Young & Rubicam, Inc.; and two new Directors, Helene Dechief, Head Librarian, Canadian National Railways, and Mrs. Dorothy B. Skau, Librarian, Southern Regional Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture. Miss Dechief will also serve as Secretary of the Board of Directors. he Denver Public Library opened its doors to the conventioneers at a Wednesday T evening reception. Librarians were on hand to answer uestions on s ecial collections, paintings, and furnishings of the recently constructel modern bui Pding. he $75 first prize for the SLA National Library Week Publicity Award went ta T Margaret C. Madden, Chief Librarian, Technical Information Center, Monsanto Chemical Company; second prize of $25 was presented to Paul J. Burnette, Director, The Army Library, Washington, D. C. The prize money will go to the Greater St. Louis and Washington Chapters respectively. The H. W. Wilson Company Chapter Award was won by the San Francisco Bay Region Chapter. Roger M. Martin, a member of the Chapter's Education Committee accepted the scroll and $100 from Howard Haycraft, President of the H. W. Wilson Company. The Colorado Chapter, SLA's Convention host, received the Membership Gavel Award for the second consecutive time for having the largest paid-up percentage increase in membership. Mrs. Maxine B. Beaton, Chapter President, accepted the gavel on behalf of the Chapter. he Geography and Map and the Science-Technology Divisions presented awards T at their Business Meetings. Walter W. Ristow received the former's 1963 Award for Outstanding Achievement; and the Rio Grande Chapter and Mrs. Helen F. Red- man and Mrs. Lois E. Godfrey were honored with the Sci-Tech Publications Award for work on the Dictionary of Report Series Codes. ill M. Woods now has the title of Executive Director, which replaces his former B title of Executive Secretary of SLA. policy for Placement Service has been set forward by the Placement Policy Com- A mittee in a 13-point report, based on a survey of Chapter Presidents and discussions at meetings held during the San Francisco and Washington, D. C. Conventions. The Committee recommended that: placement service be continued as a free service to members of the Association; there be cooperation with other agencies whenever possible; a semi-monthly list be used to note vacant positions; when a position requires unique qualifications, direct personal service will be provided, and vacancies will be called to the attention of members not registered when appropriate; it provide full interview and referral service at Annual Conventions; interviews be scheduled by appointment at Association Headquarters; the names of applicants generally will not be given to employers without permission; after one year, an applicant will be removed from the active list; members shall notify Association Headquarters and the local Chapter Employment Chairman when accepting a new position; part-time, low-paying, nonprofessional, and other positions requiring some library skills will be listed for the information of Student and Emeritus Members; the Service will attempt to acquire information about positions not listed with the Service; and Chap- ter Employment Chairmen receive copies of the lists, and they, in turn, will keep Association Headquarters informed of their activities. he Puget Sound Chapter has changed its name to Pacific Northwest to more ac4 T curately describe its geographical area of membership. Asurvey will be conducted by the Professional Standards Committee to draft standards for special librarianship, define special libraries, and categorize and list types of special libraries. Ruth Leonard, on leave from Simmons College School of Library Science, will be consultant to the Committee. Publication in Special Libvaries and reprints of the standards are contemplated. he SLA Professional Award has been redefined so that the contribution to the T field of special librarianship can be honored for past achievement and not necessarily for work done during the year the award is presented. he Goals Committee for 1970 has been given the status of a standing committee T and as such will serve as a goals committee on a continuing basis. new seal for the Association is under consideration by the Public Relations Com- A mittee, which will also draw up a procedure for the proper use of the seal on Association stationery and documents. pproval has been given by the Board of Directors to the extension of the state- A ment on the fair use in photocopying: "Before making a photocopy of an entire work, a library should make an effort by consulting standard sources to determine whether or not a copy is available through normal trade channels." embers of the Science-Technology Division at their Annual Business Meeting, M June 13, 1963, voted to establish two new Sections, Aerospace and Nuclear Physics. At the same meeting it was also voted to restrict membership to one Section within the Division. All Science-Technology Division members who held 1963 membership in more than one Section of the Division must indicate their choice of a single section on the invoice returned with the payment of 1964 dues. Unless a choice of Section is indicated, it will be assumed that membership in the Division only is desired. Association Headquarters has no authority to allow membership in more than one Section of the Division. he Chairman for the St. Louis SLA Convention in 1964 is James Jones, Director T of University Libraries, St. Louis University. Keynote speaker at the opening session will be Dr. Don R. Swanson, Dean of the Graduate Library School of the University of Chicago. "The Special Librarian as a Creative Catalyst" will be the Convention theme. ight to ten scholarships will be awarded by the Scholarship and Student Loan E Fund Committee during 1964-65. Applications will be accepted until February 1, 1964. even John Cotton Dana lectures will be given by prominent special librarians S during 1963-64 at accredited library schools. SLA Sustaining Wlem bers The following organizations are supporting the activities and objectives of the Special Libraries Association by becoming Sustaining Members for 1963. This list includes all applicants processed through June 19, 1963.

Assom LABORATORIESLIBRARY ELI LILLYAND COMPANY AEROJET-GENERALCORPORATION LOCKHEEDMISSILES & SPACECOMPANY AETNASTEEL PRODUCTS CORPORATION LYBRAND,ROSS BROTHERS & MONTGOMERY ALLIEDRESEARCH ASSOCIATES, INCORPORATED MCGRAW-HILLPUBLISHING COMPANY, INC. AMERICANCAN COMPANY MARATHONOIL COMPANY AMERICANCANCER SOCIETY MARQUETTEUNIVERSITY MEMORIAL LIBRARY AMERICANCYANAMID COMPANY MAXWELLSCIENTIFIC INTERNATIONAL AMERICANELECTRIC POWER SERVICE CORP. MELLONNATIONAL BANK AND TRUSTCOMPANY AMERICANGAS ASSOCIATION MINNEAPOLIS-HONEYWELLREGULATOR AMERICANHERITAGE PUBLISHING COMPANY COMPANY AMERICANIRON AND STEELINSTITUTE MINNESOTAMINING & MANUFACTURING AMERICANTOBACCO COMPANY COMPANY AMPEXCORPORATION NATIONALBANK OF DETROIT ARGONNENATIONAL LABORATORY NATIONALCASH REGISTER COMPANY ARMEDSERVICES TECHNICAL ~NPORMATION AGENCY NATIONALLEAD COMPANY ATLASCHEMICAL INDUSTRIES, INC. NEW YORKLIFE INSURANCECOMPANY BELL & HOWELLRESEARCH CENTER NEW YORKPUBLIC LIBRARY BELLTELEPHONE LABORATORIES NEWYORK TIMES BETHLEHEMSTEEL COMPANY PACIFICLIBRARY BINDING COMPANY BOEINGCOMPANY PENNSYLVANIASTATE LIBRARY R. R. BOWKERCOMPANY PENNSYLVANIASTATE UNIVERSITY BRIDGEPORTPUBLIC LIBRARY PEOPLESGAS LIGHT & COKECOMPANY BUSINESS AND PROFESSIONALWOMEN'S FOUNDATION PITTSBURGHPLATE GLASS COMPANY LIBRARY (Chemical Division, Barberton, Ohio) CARRIERCORPORATION PITTSBURGHPLATE GLASS COMPANY CHEMCELLLIMITED (New Martinsville, West Virginia) CHIVERSBOOKBINDING COMPANY PORTOF NEWYORK AUTHORITY CIBA PHARMACEUTICALPRODUCTS INC. PRENTICE-HALL,INC. COLORADOSTATE UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES PROCTER& GAMBLECOMPANY CONSOLIDATEDBOOK SERVICE, INC. PUBLICSERVICE ELECTRIC & GAS COMPANY CONSOLIDATEDEDISON COMPANY OF NEW YORK PUREOIL COMPANY CONSOLIDATIONCOAL COMPANY RADIOCORPORATION OF AMERICALABORATORIES CONTINENTALCARBON COMPANY RAND CORPORATION CORNELLUNIVERSITY LIBRARY REPUBLICAVIATION CORPORATION CORNINGGLASS WORKS ROCKEFELLEROFFICE LIBRARY CROWNZELLERBACH CORPORATION ROHM& HAASCOMPANY DALLASPUBLIC LIBRARY ROYALBANK OF CANADA Dow CHEMICALCOMPANY ST. JOHN'SUNIVERSITY LIBRARY Dow CHEMICALLIBRARY SHAWINIGANCHEMICALS LTD. E. I. DU PONTDE NEMOURS& COMPANY SHELLDEVELOPMENT COMPANY Lavoisier Library SPACETECHNOLOGY LABORATORIES, INC. E. I. DU PONTDE NEMOURS& COMPANY SQUIBBINSTITUTE FOR MEDICALRESEARCH Technical Library J. W. STACEY,INCORPORATED EASTMANKODAK COMPANY STANDARDOIL COMPANYOF CALIFORNIALIBRARY Esso RESEARCH& ENGINEERINGCOMPANY STANDARDOIL COMPANY(New Jersey) F. W. FAXONCOMPANY, INC. STECHERT-HAFNER,INC. FEDERALRESERVE BANK OF NEWYORK STERLING-WINTHROPRESEARCH INSTITUTE RRST NATIONALBANK OF BOSTON SUFFOLKCOOPERATIVE LIBRARY SYSTEM FIRST NATIONALBANK OF CHICAGO SUN OIL COMPANY FORDFOUNDAT~ON SYSTEMSDEVELOPMENT CORPORATION FORDMOTOR COMPANY TEXASGAS TRANSMISSION CORPORATION GENERALELECTRIC COMPANY J. WALTERTHOMPSON COMPANY

Public Relations Library GENERALMOTORS CORPORATION Research Laboratories GLICKBOOKBINDING CORPORATION B. F. GOODRICHRESEARCH CENTER HARVARDGRADUATE SCHOOL OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION IBM, THOMASJ. WATSONRESEARCH CENTER IDAHOSTATE COLLEGE LIBRARY INDIANASTATE LIBRARY INTERCONTINENTALMEDICAL BOOK CORPORATION JOHNS-MANVILLERESEARCH & ENGINEERING CENTER WALTERJ. JOHNSON,INC. KAISER ALUMINUM& CHEMICALCORPORATION LIBRARYAFL 5643-62-119, APO 238, NEW YORK cut. While not an everyday event, it is no Finance Group of SLA's New York Chapter longer unusual to receive a phone inquiry met here for one of its regular meetings, from Wilmington, Washington, D. C., or which proved most successful based on the Tulsa. Letter inquiries from Philadelphia, continuous follow-up of telephone inquiries. Chicago, Los Angeles, or even Seoul, Korea, Library school students from Pratt and Co- are an accepted part of the everyday refer- lumbia and business students from the nearby ence service of the Library. colleges also find it advantageous to see a Taken at random from the daily listing business library in action. Local business and of telephone calls received from various or- professional organizations are encouraged to ganizations, these are typical: visit the Library, and by this time the whole WHO: is the president of the Bank of Cali- staff is adept in talking to groups large and fornia in Portland, Oregon ? small and touring them from 20-60 minutes. manufactures "cool-ray" sun glasses ? This year the entire professional staff of is the transfer agent for the Inter- the Brooklyn Public Library was divided national Nickel Company ? into four groups and scheduled on different WHAT: was the address of the Astor House days for an hour's talk in the auditorium and located in New York City about an hour's tour of the Business Library. On 1890 ? April 23, during National Library Week, a are existing comparative salaries for special program was held in the auditorium typists and clerks in larger cities? attended by many of the leading business WHEN: did IBM last split? executives of Brooklyn. Among the speakers was primary day in New York City were the Chief Librarian, Francis R. St. John; in 1962 ? the Borough President, the Honorable Abe was the Common Market started? Stark; and guest speaker, Austin Tobin, Ex- who were the subscribing members ? ecutive Director of the Port of New York WHERE : is the Goddard Space Flight Center ? Authority. After the program, the guests are the areas of largest income were divided into small groups and toured in Brooklyn, Manhattan, Queens, through the Library. Each guest was also Bronx ? given a special kit filled with lists of our is there a town called Tomahawk? special services and facilities. After the tour, what large area is it near? guests reassembled in the auditorium for In addition to this simple type of ques- cocktails and refreshments. An unusually tion, which is answered easily, each day good program, it was the result of the com- brings the more dificult, more time-consum- bined efforts of the Junior Chamber of Com- ing inquiry that taxes the combined refer- merce of Brooklyn, which underwrote all ence knowledge and ingenuity of the staff. expenses, and the National Library Week Committee of the Brooklyn Public Library. Public Relations To further make known our special facil- ' Although it is true that 20 years of spe- ities, a monthly publication, Sewice to Basi- cialized service to a wide segment of the ness dnd Indzlstry, is prepared alternately by Greater New York business world has made the Business Library and the Science and In- the Library's existence well known, there is dustry Division of the Ingersoll Building. A still a tremendous potential for further ex- free mailing list is maintained for individ- tending services and facilities. The one best uals and corporations in New York City; method of publicity continues to be the satis- there is a fee of $1 a year for mailing out- fied borrower who tells his friends and asso- side the city. ciates about the collection. In connection with the investment pro- We have found that talks accompanied by grams held by the New York Stock Ex- tours of the building do much to make for a change, the Business Library revises each year better understanding of what the Library the original reading list it prepared some can provide to fill certain specific reference time ago. Requests for copies of this pub- needs. In September 1962, the Business and Iication reach us from all over the United JULY-AUGUST 1963 States, and this year one was received from borrowers who work in the nearby area. Also Switzerland. being considered is inviting Brooklyn busi- Articles in the December issue of Library ness and professional organizations to hold Jotlmal, in the Dime Saver (the house organ one of their regularly scheduled meetings in of the Dime Savings Bank of Brooklyn), in our auditorium, after which a talk and tour GHQ (the house organ of the Western would be forthcoming. Electric Company), and in the local news- This first year in the new building has papers all helped to publicize the facilities of been a truly exciting one and in retrospect the library during its first year of service. one in which much was accomplished to lay Under consideration now is a series of an even more sound foundation for ex- film programs to be held this fall during the panded Brooklyn Business Library service in lunch hour, a time that attracts so many the years ahead.

Elements of Computer Systems for Librarians HIS TITLE DOES NOT refer to a college such as the IBM 1401 binary coded decimal T course nor is it the title of a book. It is digital computer system. The lectures were the writer's subtitle for a special course of supplemented by a comprehensive IBM instruction offered recently to SLA San manual entitled Itztrodtlction fo ZBM Datn Francisco Bay Area Chapter members by the Processing Systems. IBM Data Processing Division, San Fran- The librarians learned much that was new cisco, California. Forty Bay Area librarians to them and gained a more complete under- completed the latest course, which was given standing of the means, methods, and inner in five Tuesday evening sessions (two and workings of computers. Perhaps the most one-half hours each) in October and No- important lesson learned, from the applica- vember 1962. The classes were held at the tion standpoint, was that computers are not IBM Education Center in San Francisco and the answer to every library problem. They were taught by four instructors of the Edu- are wonderful tools and can perform a cation Center staff. variety of tasks at fantastic speeds, but they The content of the course was in six main are designed for specific objectives that make areas: I) computer components, what they them, in some ways, not well suited to cer- are, and how they work; 2) magnetic core tain library objectives. And, of course, such storage of information and instructions in proficiency doesn't come cheap. the memory and logic parts of the computer; Factors to study before deciding to "com- 3) the elements of instructing the computer puterize" any library department are: (programming), scheduling the manipula- 1. Volume of information or data. tion of input data to produce desired output; 2. Complexity of calculation and manipula- 4) codes and symbols for computer instruction of data and information. tions (these together with programming and 3. Speed of service required. computer "languages" are known as "soft- 4. Nature and extent of logic decisions in- ware") ; 5) features of serial versus random volved. searching of information stored in the com- 5. Activity or traffic level (frequency of out- puter's "memory"; and 6) machine "lan- put requirement). guages," sub-routine programs, and teleproc- If one or more of these indicate a computer essing, a telephone line hook-up of computers operation is in order, then the librarian con- (employing dataphones) for automatic plac- skiers the cost element, i.e., would the bene- ing and processing of orders, etc. fit be worth the cost? The systems and equipment given primary ROY NIELSEN,Assistant Librarian consideration were the ones in common use University of California, Lawrence in business offices and scientific laboratories, Radiation Laboratory, Berkeley, California SPECIAL LIBRARIES A Computer Library's Approach To Information Retrieval

SOPHIA P. WHITE, Technical Librarian, and JOSEPHINE WALSH, Assistant Technical Librarian Burroughs Corporation, ElectroData Division, Pasadena, California*

HE ELECTRODATAManufacturing and informed on current developments in com- T Engineering Division of the Burroughs puter technology. This publication, issued in Corporation manufactures high speed digital two editions, the Marketing edition and En- computer systems such as the B200 series and gineering edition, is distributed to company the B5000. Consequently, the library has personnel in the United States and in 48 been fortunate in being able to apply the foreign countries. computer to library operations. Despite the subsequent publication of com- Working in an environment of computers, mercial abstracting services in the data proc- there is a strong temptation to use a com- essing field, the ElectroData Library con- puter experimentally. To counteract the tend- tinued its tailor-made publication covering ency to automate for the sake of automating, journals and ephemeral material not ab- the library staff made a feasibility study to stracted by the commercial services whose determine which library operations could be abstracts are often too general for Burroughs' improved through mechanization. This pro- needs. For example, an abstract of a general cedure is usually followed by computer review article on digital computers would customers before a decision is made to not bring out such specific items as the cost mechanize internal operations. of programming or the number of people in In our preliminary investigation, we dis- the computer industry, two facts of par- carded two applications currently used by a ticular interest to our personnel. Further- small number of industrial libraries: 1) the more, the commercial services do not note preparation of a printed book catalog and news items or advertisements of new prod- 2) a permuted title index to periodical ucts, which are extremely important to our articles. A total book vohne of 9,000 titles marketing personnel. and a subscription list of 400 periodicals In addition to keeping company personnel are too small to warrant even the use of aware of progress in the computer field, the tabulating equipment for these applications. abstracting service keeps the two librarians informed, thus increasing their effectiveness Abstract Service in retrieving information that has not yet However. we found that one im~ortant been indexed and in anticipating requests for service of this library-the indexing'of the literature searches. Abstracting by librarians library publication, Abstt.acts of Computer is also one of the most effective practical Liter-atz//.e-could be improved measurably methods of minimizing the current problem through mechanization. This bimonthly ab- of the accelerated growth of the published stract service was started in 1957 with the literature. Since the difficulties connected with primary objective of keeping all Burroughs controlling publications at the source are be- personnel involved in the engineering, pro- ing compounded by the recent increase in duction, and marketing aspects of computers, literature generated by government contrac- -- tors, it is extremely urgent that librarians * The authors acknowledge the cooperation of know their specialized subjects so they can Gordon Barrett of the Data Processing Department select and abstract only that which has both and Joseph Sharp, formerly a member of the Au- tomatic Programming Department, now at TJni- current and future value to their company's versity of California, Berkeley. technical staff. After six years of abstracting, JULY-AUGUST 1963 we have concluded that 50 per cent of the would never commit the folly of using that literature published in the computer field is term as a main entry (a different concept redundant and that a high percentage of the from that of keyword) in any indexing exponential growth could be reduced if the method since this library's main subject is practice of publishing the same paper in computers. In fact, our one general rule in slightly different versions in various journals cataloging and indexing is to avoid the use could be eliminated. of the terms computer and digital computer. Due to workload pressures on the library The greatest disadvantage of the permuted staff, we were never able to supply an annual index, however, is the time expended search- index to the Abstracts of Computer Litera- ing through the large number of irrelevant ture, which thus was limited in value as a references. This is true not only when spe- current awareness tool only. Both the librar- cific information is requested but also when ians and Burroughs employees on the dis- a thorough search is required. tribution list were handicapped in retrospec- The next easiest approach to indexing the tive searching. This year, however, with the abstracts was to treat the words in the ab- cooperation of the Data Processing and Au- stract quantitatively and then match the sig- tomatic Programming Departments, the li- nificant words against a list of terms pre- brary has a subject and author index to the viously stored in computer memory. This 1962 issues. Eventually, we hope to publish essentially statistical approach does not solve a cumulative index from 1957-1961. the qualitative aspects of information retrieval. The user is neglected as an integral Concepts of Indexing factor. Even the most logically devised index has little value if the language used is not The easiest way to index the abstracts from the language of the users. Consequently, we the librarian's viewpoint was to write the decided to index the abstract^ of Computer computer routine for permuting the key Literature by specific concepts, the most dif- words in the title. Being aware that this easy ficult method of indexing, since this ap- road in the input meant an agonizing and proach necessitated building a subject author- time-consuming struggle with the output, we ity of terms acceptable to salesmen, engineers discarded this method. Any reference librar- and the production staff. ian who has to depend on a permuted index In the absence of heuristic computers, infor searching knows the deficiencies of this dexing is still a human function and perhaps type of machine indexing. one of the most creative functions of librar- From the limited experiment on methods ians. Librarians have not always accepted in- of indexing the 1962 issues of the Abstracts dexing as a creative function, but rather as of Computer Literature, the permuted title an imitative one. Recognition of the difficulty indexing retrieved only 52 per cent of the of standardizing and mechanizing language information. This low percentage may be at- for the needs of specialized personnel on the tributed to the changing and not yet uni- part of librarians as well as the new "infor- formly standardized terminology existing in mation retrieval specialist" is perhaps the computer technology. For example, a request reason that there has been an increasing for information on multi-computer systems tendency to use words rather than concepts would retrieve very little information from a and to assign a fantastic number of headings key-word-in-title-index, since this informa- to each document with the illusionary hope of tion is found under such titles as multi- obtaining maximum retrieval. Overwhelmed programming, multiprocessing, polymorphic by the deluge of reports and words accepted systems, satellite computers, parallel proc- as subject headings, gadgets have been re- essing, simultaneous processing, sympatheti- sorted to as a possible panacea, only to dis- cally programmed computers, and under the cover that if the input is wrong, no existing names of individual computers. Even though machine will produce an improved output. the word computer may be used in the titles We decided that indexing by concepts can of all these papers, the ElectroData Library best be done by librarians with a knowledge 346 SPECIAL LIBRARIES Burroughs Corporation LIBRARY ABSTRACT ,,,CIIOO",. 0,*1,10*. .A,. Dl*..<.LIIOI*II __ Reliability _- .,,,, Failsafe circuits. Discusses indisual circuitsand their lifetime extension. Canpares the / lifetime of an ordinary computer rith that of a computer rith failsafe elements.

I J

SUBJECTS NUMBER 1518

Reliability. Circuits. Life Testing Resistors. Life Testing I Capacitors. Life Testing

Inductors. Life Tenting

Failaafe see Reliability

and subheading Life Testing

under individual circuits and

components.

U Illinois Digital Camputer Lab Bept No. 120 June 22 '62 34p LIGIIINE TlTLE YDWTW DLI YEAR PAGES Figure 1: Sample abstract with list of subject headings. Author, subject headings and abstract number are key punched for computer input. of the subject and a great deal of experience Burroughs' employees would approach this in answering questions asked by personneI information under the headings prescribed. with varying perspectives on multiple sub- Indexing from the original article is ex- jects. The computer would be used for the tremely important, since we try to be as functions requiring less judgment and deci- sr>ecificas mssible and the format limitations sion making-for sorting information, al- of the abstract often necessitate the use of phabetizing, accepting new information, more general terms than required for index- changing subject headings when the librar- ing. This is especially true of the articles ab- ians decided a more specific heading was stracted in the Marketing edition of the needed, searching for well-defined informa- Ab~tvacts of Computer Literature. For ex- tion, and in controlling the print-out of the ample, recent articles emphasizing cost con- final cumulative index. trol would be of specific interest to Bur- roughs' managerial staff, .while statements in Indexing Procedures these articles recommending" the use of com- The present procedure is to 1) assign puters to cut costs would be of vital interest main entries with subheadings, as needed, at to the sales force. the time of abstracting and 2) to index from After each issue is published, the abstracts the original article rather than the abstract. with the list of concepts and the abstract In indexing we constantly question whether reference number are sent to the Data Proc- JULY-AUGUST 1963 0203 ARRAY REFf8O)r LINE(8O)r CARD(8O

0203 INPUT C ( FOR X= (lr 1

FORMAT LlNEF ( 44 Alr WOIS

OUTPUT LINE0 TRUCTIONS FORMAT SPACE

0269 FORMAT PAGEF ( B 449 *PAGE *r 149 W3rW2)S

0277 OUTPUT PAGE0 ( PAGE 1 S

0284 EXTERNAL PROCEDURE FORMATREAD fSI Cr FF*LLL )S

0284 FOEHAT FF ( 6159 44Alr C IS

0289 LINECOUNT = 0 S

0290 PAGE = 1 S

0292 WRITE( SS PAGEOr PAGEF 1 $ Figure 2: Instructions written in ALGOL, a language that t.ells the computer what procedures to follow in preparing the indexes. essing Department for keypunching, as by using the printed index or by specifying a shown in Figure 1. The Data Processing De- search by computer. Since we have only one partment is responsible for providing a cu- annual index, retrospective searching by the mulative author and subject list with the Burroughs B5000 will only be justified when references to the abstract number with each the staff has completed the indexing back to issue. This subject list becomes the subject the 1957 issues. This is our objective. The authority for indexing the next issue of computer is being used at present to prepare ElectroData's abstract publication. The au- the final author and subject index only. The thor list is used to eliminate duplication of instructions for this routine are written in abstracting the same article appearing in sev- ALGOL (ALGOrithmic Language), Figure eral forms in both society and trade maga- 2. The operator is instructed to make a nor- zines as well as in conference proceedings. mal "compile and run" ALGOL run, with The annual cumulative index is sent to all column 1 selected during the compilation recipients of the Abstracts of Computer Lit- and with "format" selected during the run. erntzwe. Retrospective searches may be made The result is the required listing, Figure 3.

BAHBAH R

BAND I RECTIFIERS. SILICON 1119

BANERJI R LIST STRUCTURES Figure 3: Print-out of author and BARDEEN J SWERCLWDUCTIVITY subject indexes BARLW E APPLICATIONS.GAS DIFFUSION 1042 to the "Abstracts of SUBJECT Computer Literature.'' THIN FIIH UDIORIES

THIN FIIH %34ORIES.l4ANWACTURE 1190

THIN FIIH %34ORLES.WWACTURE 1192

THIN FILM MMORIES.SUITCHIlW: 1114

THIN FIW HWORIES.TESTING 1190 SPECIAL LIBRARIES The library staff experimented with a this field to date has led us to agree with small number of schemes on mechanizing Harold Bergstein, who wrote in an editorial library operations and concluded that the in Datamation (October, 1961, p. 17)- most-effective approach was to use a man- "grand information retrieval projects such as machine system in preparing an index to the storing the Library of Congress in a memory Abstracts of Computer Literature. When our the size of a homogenized milk container volume beiomes - significantly larger, retro- may be practical next week except that auto- spective computer searches can also be made. matic indexing is still a matter for grey Being computer-oriented, the ElectroData haired ladies wearing green eyeshades, bi- librarians continue to be alert to new library focal lenses and working at old wooden applications, especially in the area of infor- desks flooded with eagerly prepared technical mation retrieval. The published literature in reports possibly on this very subject."

Literature Search on Thorium Breeding and Thorium Breeder Reactors

JAMES M. JACOBS, Technical Literature Section U. S. Atomic Energy Commission, Division of Technical Information Extension Oak Ridge, Tennessee

HIS PAPER DEALS WITH a specific example mation gathered. The work to be described T of a search to prepare a formal bibliog- was the initial step in the preparation of a raphy encompassing the subjects of thorium compilation that, unlike the usual search, technology, conversion of thorium- 2 32 to was to be fully annotated and indexed prior uranium-233, nuclear reactors used for this to publication. However, the techniques and conversion, and reactors designed to use mechanisms involved do not vary in any way uranium-233 as fuel. The primary purpose from any other examination of technical was to provide background material for the literature made to provide a scientist with Thorium Utilization Program presently un- specific types of references. derway at the Oak Ridge National Labora- tory. The bibliography itself is scheduled for Pre-searching Procedures publication in 1963. At first glance, the sub- First the parameters must be determined to ject appeared to be straightforward and fairly ensure efficiency and effectiveness. In the simple. However, there were a number of case of thorium, I met with scientists from complicating ramifications involved. both Oak Ridge Operations Office and Oak In advance of the literature search, an Ridge National Laboratory to ascertain pre- administrative decision was made to prepare cisely what was wanted. We discussed the a formal bibliography, because of the nature scope involved and decided that informa- of the program to be supported by the infor- tion on the prospecting for, mining, extrac- tive metallurgy, and analytical chemistry of thorium was outside the scope of interest. On Talk given at the Conference on the Literature of the other hand, fuel element fabrication Nuclear Science; Its Management and Use, held at Division of Technical Information Extension, methods, purity requirements, radio-chemical Atomic Energy Commission, Oak Ridge, Tennes- reprocessing of irradiated fuel and blanket see, September 11-13, 1962. materials, irradiated fuel element handling, JULY-AUGUST 1963 corrosion, thermal properties, nuclear prop- Determining Subject Headings erties, and cost studies were definitelv of Off hand, the thorium breeding and interest as were breeding ratios and reactor thorium breeders search appeared to be design. As a result of these discussions, I was simple in scope. First, it was necessary to familiar with the subiect matter that should determine what subject headings in the NSA be covered. index might refer to pertinent information. Next, we discussed the distribution of the TID-5001, Subject Headirzgs Used by the finished bibliography-who was going to be USAEC Technical Inforindtion Service, pro- able to receive or see it. Since the program is vides the key to the manner in which infor- unclassified, the bibliography would be un- mation is subject indexed in NSA. In addi- classified. It was decided that the bibliog- tion to main headings, cross references are raphy would be offered for sale through the included, which are necessary to develop a Office of Technical Services and that it complete survey. The value of consulting would be deposited at the domestic and TID-5001 when using the NSA indexes can- foreign depository libraries. This portion of not be overemphasized. In fact, we at DTIE the discussion accomplished more than just do not think that a truly complete literature arriving at an administrative decision on how search in NSA can be performed without it. to distribute the final product; it told me I began with obvious headings like that I would be limited to unclassified thorium, thorium isotopes Th-232, uranium, sources. uranium isotopes U-233, thorex process, It was also determined that no limit would breeder reactors, power breeder reactors, and be placed on original sources of information. so forth. Next, I went to general headings "Include all the information regardless of like reacbor fuel elements, reactor breeding who developed it, what country it was de- blankets, and slug elements. These headings veloped in, or what organization did the led to some information in the NSA in- work," I was told. However, since Nzlclerzr dexes; in addition, scanning this portion of Scieme Abstrrzcts is generally accepted to be TID-5001 led to more specific subject en- the leading abstract journal in this field, it tries such as reactor fuel disks, reactor fuel was felt that use of secondary sources other spheres, reactor breeding elements, and slug than NSA would yield meager additional in- elements (Th-U). Each of these headings, formation and would be uneconomical. which might have led to references contain- Another parameter established concerned ing needed information, were reviewed in the dates of coverage. It was decided that the the NSA indexes. most useful work in this area was reviewed The next step was to turn to specific fuel in the last five years, and 1957 to 1962 was and breeding materials: alloys, ceramics, established as the period to be explored. This salts, and so on, which might be used in re- was certainly agreeable to me, because it actors. This was a lot of work but was un- meant that I would have to examine only two avoidable; and yet there was one more area NSA cumulative indexes. that had to be developed-reactors. It was Before a searcher can go into the details, necessary to look for references to pertinent he has to determine his goals first. Too much reports on all reactors that use thorium-232 emphasis cannot be placed on making these in the fuel or blanket, or are fueled with determinations. It helps both him and the uranium-233. Unfortunately, TID-5001 could user. For the searcher, it cuts down working not be used for this. I went to several of the time and permits the job to be done more reactor survey charts published in journals efficiently-. For the user, it gives him what he in the nuclear engineering field and checked wants, promotes relative assurance that what off the fissile and fertile materials used in is wanted is not being overlooked, and in- each reactor. When I had identified each of sures him that he will not receive a multitude the reactors that use uranium-233 or thorium- of references in which he has no interest. No 232, I then returned to TID-5001 to de- one will thank the searcher for irrelevant termine the proper heading for each reactor literature. under which to search in NSA. SPECIAL LIBRARIES To properly perform a survey of literature, 1 964 SLA Professional Award the subject must be approached from all con- The SLA Professional Award is the highest ceivable directions. The thorium-thorium recognition granted by this Association. It breeder case I have just described illustrates is awarded only after considering all sig- this idea of a multi-directional approach. I nificant contributions made to librarianship determined a total of 154 different headings and information science. The physical form to be applicable. taken by the Award is that of a highly treasured sterling silver serving piece. Conducting the Search At this point, it was possible to begin the Considering the foment in which modern search itself. There is no need to delve too day information handling finds itself, it deeply into this operation, because it is rather would seem that the Committee would routine. The main headings selected were have numerous nominations to consider. arranged alphabetically and, using them as a Actually, in two of the last three years, no guide, the index was entered. The modifier nomination meeting the Committee's stand- for each entry probably indicated whether ards has been received and no awards that particular reference was pertinent. If were made. there was doubt as to the applicability of a particular entry, it was included at this stage. Taking recognition of this situation, the While there undoubtedly are a number of Broad of Directors approved in Denver the methods by which reference citations may be following revised and clarified definition noted from the index, the method used at of the SLA Professional Award: DTIE has proven to be both simple and efficient. A 3 x 5 inch paper slip is prepared The SLA Professiorzal Award is giz'en fo nu for each citation. On it, the abstract number i?zdividual or group, who may or may ?zot and the report number, if the citation is to hold membership in the Associatiotz, in rec- a report, is noted. This allows for certain ognition of major achievement in, or sig- manipulations when this phase is completed. nificant contribution to, the field of librariau- When the indexes have been reviewed, the ship or inf ovnation science, which advance^ paper slips are arranged by abstract number. the stated objectives of the Special Libraries This arrangement serves two purposes: I) it Associatiorz. The timitzg of the Award shall permits immediate elimination of duplicate follow as soon aJ practicnble the recogjzized citations, and 2) it creates an easy method of frttitio~z of the contributiom entering the abstract journal. There will be a large number of duplicates, but they are It also noted the Committee's intention to eliminated during this first collation. begin consideration of nominees at the When the slips have been arranged in ab- time of the Fall Board meeting, instead of stract number order, the abstracts are then waiting for the Spring meeting as in the reviewed for pertinency. The complete de- past. Accordingly, Association units or in- scriptive cataloging from the abstracts se- dividual members should be certain that lected are copied onto 3 x 5 slips or cards. their nominations for the SLA Professional This allows for a final arrangement of these Award be made with justification to Chair- references in any order desired-by subject, man Eugene 8. Jackson, SLA Professional author, corporate author or title. Award and Hall of Fame Committee, Li- In some cases, it will not be possible to brary, General Motors Research Labora- make a selection from the abstracts; for such tories, 12 Mile and Mound Roads, Warren, references, the report or journal article itself Michigan, ON OR BEFORE SEPTEMBER 16. must be consulted. After the final arrangement of slips is Where exceptional circumstances delay the completed, the literature search is essentially submittal of names, the Committee will finished. All that remains is to transcribe the consider requests for deferment of the results into whatever form is needed. closing date. JULY-AUGUST 1963 35 1 Toward the History of Documentation THEODOR B. YERKE, Librarian, Special Technical Services Forest & Range Experiment Station, Berkeley, California This important despatch was received at Bibliopolis-olz-the-Potonzac on January 7, 18,963 A.D. It was transmitted by the Adaeodoczrment Retrieval Expedition in Upper New YorR

HE DISCOVERY in Holocene sedimentary Heliand Merlin T beds near the proto-historic Lake Placid Hitopadesa Niebelungenlied of a miraculously-preserved document en- Kabala Renard the fox titled Simplified Library School Rules pushes Kalevala Roland certain knowledge of the history of docu- Koran Talmud mentation almost back to the inceptions. The Mabinogion Upanishads document (or "book" as its contemporaries Mahabharata would have called it) is dated 1904 A.D. Linguists point out that these are nearly That places it clearly before the onset of the all European or Aryan names. Further, the Fifth Ice Age. The author of the work is names in the first column are all feminine, Melvil Dewey. Now for the first time we or seem to be, and those in the second are have conclusive indication of the famous masculine. We conclude that this is a list of Admiral's first name! That he was also, as wives and husbands-the true antedeluvian were so many in primitive times, a self- founders of documentation! (Except for educated man is evident from his deficient Miss Mahabharata, the only name not linked spelling. And of course, in those early, gen- to a man. We suspect here a prominent eralized ages, it was not unusual for a mili- county librarian who remained unwed.) tary man to dabble in documentation. This list must date back almost to the Fourth Ice Age, since documentation was discovered We were particularly anxious to see if u. during the recently ended interglacial epoch. this document contained any reference to the Thus these hoary figures were almost mythi- almost-mythical Hollerith, whom we have cal to documentalists of Dewey's age, which long regarded as the true founder of docu- was right in the middle of the interglacial mentation. It was always presumed that period. Hollerith lived near the beginning of the The only name that can be identified with 20th Christian century. The Admiral does any historical event in documentation is the not mention Hollerith in this work! Some entry "Renard the fox." A man named scholars hold that Dewey stole the idea ~enardwas leader of a library school on of information cards from Hollerith and the western shore of the North American changed the size of them to cover his tracks. continent at about the time of the Admiral. But others believe the Admiral invented We cannot explain this late-comer to the list decimal classification and 3x5 inch cards in- of special persons, nor can we explain the dependently of Hollarith and that the two epithet "the fox," except to note that in men never even knew each other! Communi- those ancient times are known to cation was unbelievably bad in those days. have taken a second name at maturity, usu- The most exciting thing in the ancient ally of an animal deity or geographic fea- document occurs on page 15, where a list of ture. Another possibly recent name is Niebe- "special classes of people" appears. The list lungenlied. Professor Ixbitl believes that is as follows: Niebelungenlied, the husband of Hitopadesa, may have been a German bibliographer. Simplified Librrtry School Rzrles contains Reprinted with permission of the author from San Fvuizcisro Bay Region Chapter Bulletin, vol. other striking evidence of the closeness of 33, no. 3, March 1963. those times to archaic thought. The instruc- 352 SPECIAL LIBRARIES tions to documentalists include elaborate effort for us really to understand that docu- rules for the entry of noblemen and other ments in these early epochs occupied con- special types of humans ! Anthropomorphisms siderable sbatid1 extensions. We understand abound, in that cities, industries, and or- from other fragments that some of the ganized groups are all treated as persons! larger libraries were thousands of square Slavery had also persisted longer than we feet in extent. None of these survived the had imagined, for there is an entry to a Sir Fifth Ice Age, most having become peat Walter Scott's Black Dwarf. Perhaps be- deposits. The document Simplified Library cause he belonged to a special class of per- School Rules itself takes up as much physical sons, he was allowed to keep a slave. space as 1,000 years of the legislat&e pro- Principles for primitive coding are laid ceedings of a major metropolitan area in a down. The chief figure in this work was ap- contemporary library. Professor Ixbitl has parently not Hollerith but a Charles Ami calculated that if the present totality of Cutter. We presume "Ami" to be a tran- recorded knowledge were in macroform, as scription of the Southern dialect corruption in the Admiral's day, all of our libraries of the word "Army." Again the military would have to be removed to the moon, motif! The Admiral apparently felt more which same satellite they would cover to a comfortable with his own class of people. In de~thof at least two miles! those days persons also took the name of As we excavate around the edges of an- their craft--Cutter no doubt descended from cient Lake Placid, it is almost certain that a line of sawyers, tailors, or harvesters. This other valuable material about the Admiral, early background of cutting things to size his life, and accomplishments will be un- and purpose may have inspired him in his earthed. We are particularly anxious to find attempts to cut or code information to size. something definitive about his famous Ma- Much of the instruction given in Simpli- nila folder, which is belived to be the code fied Library School Ru1e.r is almost mean- name of his battle plan for occupation of ingless to us now. It requires considerable that former Spanish harbor. Summary of Symposium on the Diffusion of Technological Change* HE IDEA for a symposium devoted to the and products are invented, developed, com- T subject, diffusion of technological change, mercialized, and accepted. He discussed four came from a study by Dr. Edwin Mansfield, subjects under his over-all topic, "The Proc- Director, Carnegie Research Project on ess of Technical Change" : Technical Change and Economic Growth, I. Research and ~evdo~mentand Inventive Carnegie Institute of Technology, financed Output. A detailed study of the chemical, by the National Science Foundation, the petroleum and steel industries suggested four Ford Foundation, and the Cowles Founda- conclusions. I) There appeared to be a close tion. Dr. Mansfield graciously consented to relationship over the long-run between the the use of the title for the symposium, of amount a firm spent on research and devel- which Dr. Luther H. Evans was moderator. opment and the-total number of important Dr. Mansfield's paper summarized some inventions it produced. 2) Increases in re- of the findings to date of the continuing search and development expenditures at a study into the way in which new processes given time seemed to result in more than proportional increase in inventive output in :"oint meeting of the Metals Division and the the chemical industrv. The steel industrv's New York Group of the Sci-Tech Division during extra inventive output was less than propor- the Metals Division Fall Meeting, held in conjunction with the World Metal Show, New York. tional to the spending increase, and the November 1, 1962. petroleum industry priduced no indication JULY-AUGUST 1963 either way. 3) Productivity of research and "makes things happen." development on a given scale was lower in General Electric is deeply concerned with larger than in medium-sized firms. 4) The spreading new knowledge from the labora- cost of producing a major innovation seemed tory to the widely scattered and widely diver- to have increased considerably in all indus- shed operations of the company. Although tries included. convinced that competition is the main in- 2. Size of Innovators. Petroleum, iron and centive for doing this, some other conclu- steel, and bituminous coal industries were sions have been drawn: I) application of studied in an effort to discover some rela- his work motivates the scientist; 2) the in- tionship between size of firm and the num- ventor's enthusiasm speeds application; 3) ber of important new processes and products research cannot be sold with a report; ideas developed. In petroleum refining and bitu- must be reduced to a demonstrable form; minous coal it was found that the largest and 4) resistance to change is mostly fiction. firms accounted for a larger share of the A recent study by Dr. Leslie Cook of Gen- innovations than thev did of the market. In eral Electric of 66 major technological inno- iron and steel the situation was reversed. The vations of the past two centuries showed that evidence indicated a direct relationship be- only three met with any significant opposi- tween the amount of innovating done by the tion. The conclusion was drawn that any re- largest firms and the cost of the innovation. sistance to new ideas had resulted largely 3. Innovation and Firm Growth. Iron and from the fact that a real need for the new steel and vetroleum industries were studied idea had not been felt or did not exist or to determine how much of an impact inno- because the concept was not, or was not vation had exerted on a firm's growth rate. recognized as being, "technically feasible or The result showed that, "in everv time in- adequate, or economically attractive. terval and in both industries, the successful A study was made by General Electric a innovators grew much more rapidly than the few years ago to try to determine the fac- other firms, their average growth rate being tors that influence the success or failure of in some cases more than twice that of the transitions from laboratory to product de- others." The smaller the firm. the "greater partment. Five broad observations resulted was the impact of a successful innovation. from the study: 1) The more profitable an 4. Diffusion of Technological Change. The operation is, the more receptive its managers s~readI of a dozen maior innovations in the are to accepting and considering innova- railroad, brewing, steel, and bituminous tional opportunities. 2) Ideas that require coal industries was studied. This revealed a the least change and least expenditure are "bandwagon" effect, but with no clear in- more readily accepted than those requiring dication that the same firms were the first drastic changes and large expenditure. 3) to introduce different innovations. The more familiar the device or material, the In conclusion. Dr. Mansfield stressed that easier the transition. 4) The availability of the findings presented in his paper repre- technical skills required for the innovation sented only a small part of the entire study. may influence its acceptability. 5) The atti- He sees a wide application of these find- tude of the "man at the top can make a ings, particularly in accelerating the rate of striking difference in the speed and effective- economic growth in the United States. ness of transitions." R. Ned Landon, Research Information, Having studied "the pattern of the flow General Electric Research Laboratory, dis- of technical innovations and organized for cussed how one industrial research labora- it," Mr. Landon offered three recommenda- tory attempts to bridge the gap between new tions for helping "bridge the gap between knowledge and its application in his paper, scientific research and application in practical "Innovation in Industry." In his view, the products" : I) Research people should con- greatest stimulus to speeding the diffusion of stantly appraise the factors that influence the technological change is competition and that transition. 2) These factors should be evalu- competition in science, as in anything else, ated when determining how far research SPECIAL LIBRARIES projects should be carried. 3) Laboratory- brarian of changes in personnel and fields of trained personnel should also be used in the interest. 4) Provide an adequate budget and application of research to bring about more the authority to use it. 5) &courage-profes- effective communication "between the lab- sional activities. 6) Use the library's re- oratory and those who support it." sources in the solution of problems. Mr. Knoerr's paper, "The Role of the The librarian's role is to use these chan- Literature in the Diffusion of Technological nels, and Mrs. Seidel made nine suggestions Change" was published in May-June 1963 for successfully achieving this goal: I) issue of Special Libvaries and will not be Know the company, its operations and its mentioned here. people. 2) Be in accord with management's Mrs. Virginia Seidel, Librarian, Interna- objectives. 3) Know the literature of the tional Nickel Company, said in her paper, industry and its technology. 4) Exercise the "The Role of the Librarian in the Diffusion authority granted in determining the library's of Technological Change," that "for dif- course and keep it current. 5) Cooperate fusion to take place there must be inter- with the technical staff. 6) The library change between two members, and there staff should appreciate the importance of must be energy or motivation to bring about each job and its relation to the whole. 7) the change." For her discussion she con- Innovate, be versatile, use imagination. 8) sidered management as one of the members Translate pertinent literature to the com- and the librarian as the other. pany's use. 9) Remember that availability of She described management's primary role information is one key to diffusion. as that of defining the library's field of ac- With the channels of communication tivity and responsibility and that of opening open, a good library and a good library staff the channels of communication to the li- are very effective means for increasing the brary. To fulfill this role she described in diffusion of technological change. The li- detail six things that management should brarian may be considered the catalyst for do: 1) Instruct the librarian in company the change. fields of interest and apprise company per- DR. LUTHERH. EVANS,Director sonnel of the scope and function of the li- International and Legal Collections brary. 2) Keep the librarian informed of Columbia University, New York City company plans and problems and encourage ELSIERAY, Librarian participation in them. 3) Advise the li- The Anaconda Company, New York City Conference on Libraries and Automation ITH THE COMPLET~ONof the automa- to Library Mechanization" by Samuel W tion study of the Library of Congress Alexander, National Bureau of Standards. and the increasing interest of major libraries "Index Files: Their Loading and Organiza- in the possible application of electronic tion for Use" by R. L. Patrick and D. V. equipment to library procedures, the Council Black, Planning Research Corporation. on Library Resources, the National Science "Library Communications" by J. W. Emling, Foundation, and the Library of Congress et al., Bell Telephone Laboratories, Inc. called a meeting of approximately 100 li- "The Automation of Library Systems" by brarians and authorities in information proc- Gilbert W. King, Itek Corporation. essing to review the state of the art, at the "Automated Storage and Access of Biblio- Airlie Foundation, Warrenton, Virginia, May graphic Information for Libraries" by 26-29, 1963. Richard L. Libby, Itek Corporation. Conferees were given advance copies of "Output Printing for Library Mechaniza- the following papers : tion" by David E. Sparks, et al., Informa- "The Current Status of Graphic Storage tion Dynamics Corporation. Techniques: Their Potential Application The papers were not read at the meeting, JULY-AUGUST 1963 355 but the discussion leaders for each session The work of Heiliger has intrigued the (Joseph Becker, I. A. Warheit, Henry Du- interest of librarians, and there was wide- bester, Foster Mohrhardt, Mortimer Taube, spread acceptance of the concept that com- and Frank B. Rogers) presented their views puters could be used for technical processing. of the topics and presided at the subsequent The allegiance of the librarian to traditional discussions. The authox of each paper an- methods has encouraged at least some of the swered specific inquiries and expanded the university librarians to retain a conservative topics of interest to the audience. attitude. They wanted to be assured that One-fourth of the audience represented mechanization would give them at least the the major university libraries; another quar- same resources they now have at no greater ter were the representatives of information cost. processing organizations. The remaining half Could they obtain their catalog cards were from government organizations, public, quicker and for more of their books if the special and state libraries, library schools, National Catalog were mechanized? How and library organizations. could machines, with their limited type The library of the future was hypothesized font, accommodate the many alphabets now by Don R. Swanson, Dean of the Graduate required for bibliographic entries? Would School of Library Science, University of the modern high-speed, low-cost data trans- Chicago. During the course of his talk he missions systems diminish the time cycle now stated that those library procedures that required to obtain LC cards and would the could be mechanized could be considered format be acceptable? Questions such as clerical. In the subsequent discussion. the these inspired the machine people to repeat- use of computers to solve equations and for edly remind the librarians they must reach medical diagnosis resulted in the statement a consensus of what they wanted in proce- being changed to indicate that those library dures and products and what they were will- procedures that could be formalized could be ing to pay for it. performed on a computer. While the full implication of the machine The implication for library education in potential was not realized by some of the this conclusion is quite portentous. To the librarians, reluctance to accept the promise extent that formalization of library procedures, from acquisition to information re- of future mechanization is noticeably less at trieval, permits their being accomplished on each succeeding meeting of this type. a computer, the work previously done by li- G. E. RANDALL,SLA Representative brary school trained personnel can be ac- Manager, IBM ~eseirchLibrary complished by machine alleviate the affects Thomas J. Watson Research Center of the shortage of trained librarians. Yorktown Heights, New York "Implications of the New Media for the Teaching of Library Science" HE ABOVE IS the impressive title of an the content of library education. Representa- T impressive three-day workshop that met tives of selected organizations (SLA, ADI, in Chicago, May 27-29. The shoe was some- ALA, MLA, NEA, and others) were also what on the other foot as representative fac- enrolled in the workshop, but professors of ulty members from each graduate library library science were the principal and most school in the United States and Canada met active participants. "in class" at the Sheraton-Chicago" Hotel to Content can be most briefly covered by increase their knowledge and understanding noting the four major objectives of the work- of the new media as well as to draw implica- study conference-objectives which were met tions that are likely to affect the form and before adjournment: I) To demonstrate and SPECIAL LIBRARIES orlent library educ~torsto the kinds and uses tions of information-consisted of educators, of new educational media-prints, films, librarians, and media-producers. It included filmstrips, transparencies, closed-circuit and Dr. Ray Carpenter, Pennsylvania State Uni- educational television, overlays, recordings, versity; Dr. C. Walter Stone, Director, Center etc.-relevant for specific library science for Education and Media Studies, Uni- course content; 2) To acquaint library edu- versity of Pittsburgh; William Prigge, Di- cators with the present scope of the field of rector of Audio-Visual Instruction, Indiana programmed learning and to demonstrate State Department of Instruction; Weldon and review the use of programmed learning Johnson, Production Department, Encyclo- devices in specific course content; 3) To pedia Britannica Films; Dr. Lawrence Sto- , provide a valid and useful body of content how, Director, Training Research Labora- for library science educators on the theories, tory, University of Illinois; Dr. Paul R. kinds, and uses of information retrieval sys- Wendt, Head, Instructional Materials De- tems that presently are being demonstrated partment, Southern Illinois University; Don- in limited form in some libraries and to ald H. Kraft, IBM; Dr. Ralph Parker, Li- demonstrate a systems concept of library ma- brarian, University of Missouri; and Sarah chine applications; 4) To report the recom- Rebecca Reed, Library Education Specialist, > mendations of workshop attendees to the Library Services Branch, U.S. Office of Edu- library education field as the bases for guide- cation. lines for rexiised curricula at both graduate The workshop grew out of a proposal and undergraduate levels. prepared by the Media Research and De- The participants found themselves ques- velopment Committee of the Library Educa- tioning the new media from two points of tion Division of ALA. The Education Media . view: First, where and how can they be put Branch of the U.S. Office of Education un- to use in improving the teaching of the core dertook support of the workshop and curricula of library science, and, second, awarded a contract for its implementation to how can techniques of effective media use the University of Illinois. The able Project best be taught to library science students? Director was Harold Goldstein of the U. of Since this important conference intended to 1:s Graduate School of Library Science and raise more questions than answers, its affects Chairman of the aforementioned LED-ALA are not likely to be felt until the representa- committee. He was aided in conducting the tives have had an opportunity to report to workshop by Carolyn Whitenack of Purdue their faculties, and the proceedings, which University and Irving Lieberman of the Uni- will be published, have been studied. The roster of speaker-demonstrators-so versity of Washington. called here because many made extensive use EDWARDG. STRABLE,Librarian of visuals and recordings in their presenta- J. Walter Thompson Company, Chicago Conference on the NASA Scientific and Technical Information Program PPROXIMATELY 150 representatives of li- presented an excellent program, providing A braries receiving NASA services at- insight into the philosophy, operations, tending the Conference on the NASA Scien- planned programs, and problems of NASA's tific and Technical Information Program held informational activities. Prepared lectures, at the Georgia Institute of Technology, At- accompanied by a set of working papers plus lanta, Georgia, on May 2 and 3, 1963, individual subject seminars, allowed detailed chiefly from the Eastern and Southeastern communication between the producers and areas of the country. A team of knowledge- the recipients of NASA services-an infor- able and skilled representatives from NASA mation system that is complex enough to JULY-AUGUST 1963 357 warrant this type of conference. the problems and procedures necessary to Melvin S. Day, Director of NASA's in- improve the quality of their program. Stand- formation program, introduced the confer- ardization procedures, projected plans for ence with an overview of NASA's broad Sci- such items as correlation indexes of NASA, entific and Technical Information Program Defense Documentation Center, and Atomic with specific emphasis on "Local Access to Energy Reports, and possibly Publication the Aerospace Technical Literature" ; Van Board Accessions. were discussed from vari- A. Wente, Director of the Documentation ous points of view. Division, presented in lay terms "The Util- During the second day of the Conference, ization of Machines in NASA's Information the activities centered around informal oDen System" ; Paul S. Feinstein presented some discussion of the more important items re- interesting material concerning "The Gen- sulting from the seminars' interaction. Mr. eration and Dissemination of Industrial In- Day, this connection, succinctly developed formation" ; Frank Rowsome, Director, Tech- and summarized the informational programs nical Information Division, discussed the of other government sponsored agencies. problems of "The Packaging and Re-packag- Looking back on the Conference I per- ing of Technical Information"; and Hubert sonally feel that the efforts of the NASA E. Sauter, Director, Technical Services Divi- re~resentatives demonstrates a tremendous sion, covered in detail "NASA's Information stride forward during the past year and one- Tools and Services for the Aerospace Com- half. Much has and can be gained by the munity." liaison and rapport developed as the result Group seminars in the above areas fol- of such sessions. The sole purpose of NASA's lowed the presentations to allow detailed informational program can be summed up as exploration into the various aspects of follows: to present in one "package" the NASA's information program. These ses- world's literature (research reports plus pub- sions provided an excellent opportunity for lished material) in the aerospace area-in- the informal exchange and development of deed a brave and mighty chall&ge. ideas and problems (both special and mu- LAYNEH. KROGER,Director tual). The people from NASA sincerely en- Technical Library, Ion Physics Corporation couraged the feedback of ideas concerning Burlington, Massachusetts International Congress on Medical Librarianship N ANIMATED SPANISHconversation in ing, and other medical librarians, 150 of A the registration waiting line, name whom came from 60 nations other than the badges identifying their wearers as citizens United States and Canada. A full schedule of Nigeria, Arabia, Japan, or Yugoslavia, of programs featuring multi-language papers, snatches of German overheard in the exhibit receptions, exhibits, tours, and MLA busi- booths of German and Dutch publishers, ness meetings was planned around the theme, and the wireless head set receivers and ear "Libraries in the Advancement of Medicine." phones for multiple language simultaneous Dr. Frank B. Rogers, Director of the Na- interpretation that were handed out to every- tional Library of Medicine and outgoing one attending the general sessions all testi- MLA President, acted as general chairman fied to the 'truly international flavor and of the Congress and presided at the opening compo'sition of the Second International Con- welcoming session. Other sessions were de- gress on Medical Librarianship. The Con- voted to "Utilization of Machines for Bib- gress, held in Washington, D. C., June liographic Purposes," "Problems of Library 16-22, in conjunction with the 62nd Annual Organization," "Some Aspects of Library Meeting of the Medical Library Association, Management," "Interlibrary Cooperation," attracted more than 900 hospital, dental, and "Special Problems of Historical Li- veterinary, medical society, pharmacy, nurs- braries." SPECIAL LIBRARIES Corning on the heels of SLA's delibern- tions in Denver on ways and means of continuing the education of a special librarian, the Monday morning session on "Education and Training for Medical Librarianship" was of particular interest. Gertrude Annan spoke on "Library Technicians: Need, Train- ing, Potential" and pointed out that with 18,000 librarians currently needed in the United States alone. it is essential that Dro- fessionals establish' curricula and devilop short courses or on-the-spot training programs for clerical and subprofessional staff. She cited the SLA Boston and San Francisco Chapters' workshops for library assistants as concrete examples of what could be ac- ;omplished and dispelled fears that subprofessional training might jeopardize standards by making an analogy with professional M. L. Allison nurses who, when hard pressed for adequate Dr. Frank B. Rogers, retiring President of the help, took the lead in organizing training Medical Library Association and Director of programs and schools for practical nurses the National Library of Medicine, enjoys re- with the result that nursing standards at all freshm.ents at the Congress' picnic supper at levels improved. Helen Yast followed up the National Naval Medical Center's Stone Miss ~nnan'saccount of training prograks Lake with Louise Darling, 1963-64 MLA Pres- that are already in existence in the United ident and Librarian, Biomedical Library, States by reporting on the Institutes on Hos- University of California at Los Angeles. pital Librarianship, which have been conducted for subprofessionals by the American tions in action to ask questions and to ex- Hospital Association since 1959. Margaret amine the collections and catalogs. P. Russell then described educational pro- A highlight of the Congress was an early grams in Great Britain, and Dr. Estelle Brod- morning visit to the White House where man surveyed medical library education in President Kennedy greeted delegates on the other parts of the world. All the speakers lawn and assured them of his appreciation agreed that library associations should take of their skills in making medical knowledge dn active part in setting standards and initi- readily available to doctors, scientists, and ating training programs for library tech- others who needed to be well informed. He nicians, and it was repeatedly suggested that said he felt "Librarian is a title to be proud A certification or licensing system would of" before he left his rostrum to shake hands further help ensure the quality and status of with a number of overseas librarians. Uaex- sub~xofessionalstaff. pectedly but appropriately, the United States A second session of special interest was Ambassador to the United Nations. Adlai the "Progress Report on the MEDLARS Stevenson, arrived as the ceremonies were Project," in which key staff at the National ending, and he made some impromptu re- Library of Medicine discussed the historical, marks on the importance of libraries to the bibliographic, data processing, subject head- advancement of medical science. Ing, and senice aspects of the in-process The proceedings of the Congress will be Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval published in the January 1964 Bulletin of System. A well-conducted, informative tour the Medical Libravy A ~ociation. of the new NLM building the next after- MARYL. ALLISON noon gave listeners an opportunity to see SLA Publications and the MEDLARS and Itzdex Medicus opera- Public Relations Director JULY-AUGUST 1963 359 CURRENT CONCENTRATES Of The Library World

CLR Sixth Annual Report, 1962 it. . . . Even were techniques and devices HE METHODS employed by libraries from developed which would enable a mechanized T earliest times for organizing their collec- service to rival or even to exceed the satis- tions have been basically inventorial in factoriness of traditional methods, the new character. . . . It has been increasingly clear mechanisms would require an expensive con- to some observers that these methods are in- version of records to machine-readable form adequate to the purpose intended-that of -typically microtext, punched cards or com- making the collections useful. puter tape. It may be foreseen that records "Even the modern great library," said Dr. will eventually be initially published in such Vannevar Bush in 1945, "is not generally forms (and indeed, there are harbingers of consulted ; it is nibbled at by a few. . . . But," this). . . . he added, "The world has arrived at an age In making a new grant to the Council . . . of cheap complex devices of great reliability; the Trustees of the Ford Foundation made provision for the Council to "concentrate its and something" is bound to come of it." . . . From these and similar observations has work in the field of technical storage- and come the quest for the "push-button library," retrieval of information throughu the creation and much effort and intelligence has been of a laboratory or center involving the ac- devoted to it. Progress- has been slow but has tivities of specialized personnel. . . ." taken place, and there are numerous operat- The firstyear's woik accordingly proposed ing systems in which "push-button" machine to develop the agenda for further research selection has replaced manual selection. through a number of preliminary inquiries, Even for the more traditional methods of including the preparation of a quantitative, library work, automata have speeded up the functional description of libraries as they making of indexes and concordances. Mean- now operate; formulation of a statement of while,copious research is under way looking the functions that should be fulfilled by li- to the development of devices for reading brary systems; the examination of reiated printed text; for converting oral to graphic sciences and technologies for their potential svstems of communication and vice versa. for support of library operations; an analysis of indexing, abstracting and interlingual trans- aims, methods and problems in information lation ; for spatial compression of records ; storage and retrieval and in memory organization; and the performance of research on and for im~rovedI methods of classification and indexing- specific problems-of man-machine communi- Few of these developments have as yet cation and "artificial intelligence." It is proposed to publish the results of these studies affected any but clerical operations in general- libraries. For one thing . . . the service pro- as completed. vided by the new mechanisms cannot yet Forty grants, contracts and other alloca- tions, representing a somewhat larger num- competeI either in cost or convenience with the traditional methods; for the purposes ber of projects . . . were made by the Coun- which most libraries serve, the book still pro- cil during 1962. These totalled $961,128. . . . vides the least expensive and most convenient form of storage of information, and the Extracted from the introduction to the 6th Annual Report for the Period Enditzg June 30. 1962 of card catalog and the book-index the most the Council on Libraly Resources, Inc., by Verner flexible and effective instruments for reaching W. Clapp, President.

SPECIAL LIBRARIES Awe qw A'.. .

AEC & NASA Standard Size Microcopy and Philadelphia areas. All steps connected with the seiection, acquisition, cataloging The Atomic Energy Commission and the Na- and classification, processing, circulation, and tional Aeronautics and Space Administration mending of books and related materials will have adopted a standard reduction ratio and be investigated. Completion of the study is frame size for microcopy of the information expected in 18 months. JONKERBUSINESS sent out by both agencies. One of the ad- MACHINES,INC. has been awarded a $14,- vantages will be that the microfilmed infor- 000 contract for the construction of a pro- mation can be viewed and reproduced in full duction model of a Minimatrex camera size copy on identical equipment. The stand- (Termatrex to Minimatrex converter). It is ard reduction ratio is 18 to 1, and the stand- expected that the model will serve as a basic ard frame size, which contains two normal mechanism in an information retrieval sys- pdges of copy, will be l6mrn vertically and tem using the coordinate indexing principle. 23mm horizontally. Separation between PHOTOGRAMMETRY,INC. received a $8,626 frames will be 0.5mm. Further information contract for the design of a camera proto- may be obtained from either of the agencies type, which will make microcopies of books at Washington 25, D. C. and other material using available light, and Punched Card Retrieval System for the production of microcopies without laboratory processing. A monocular viewer Using the basic Peek-a-boo principle for re- will be part of the equipment. A $3,750 trieving filed information, the Find-It com- grant has been made to SYRACUSEUNIVER- pany has assembled a kit with pre-scored, . z SITY to develop programs of instruction and pre-punched cards for use in small document research in the field of electronic informa- files. The kit also includes 25 index guide tion storage and retrieval for its School of cards, a metal file desk tray,,. correction seals, Library Science. a special punch, instructions for use, and a short course in indexing. The kits are priced IBM Micro-processing Cards at $9.95 each and are available from Find-It, P.O. Box 36074, Wilshire-La Brea Station, Micro-processing units and materials have Los Angeles 36. been developed by International Business Machines Corporation as an aid to the stor- Six New CLR Grants age and retrieval of documents by the minia- turization of information on film mounted Almost $1 million in grants and contracts in aperture cards. The first step in the has been granted recently by the Council on process is photographing the original ma- Library Resources, Inc. The AMERICANLI- terials and reproducing it in miniature. This BRARY ASSOCIATIONreceived $18,686 for the continuation of a Library Technology image is then copied from the microfilm to Project on the study of performance stand- thermal film mounted in aperture cards, ards for library binding. Examples of pub- which are made for handling by data proc- lishers' edition binding and library class A essing equipment. The IBM Micro-Copier I binding are being investigated. COLUMBIA reproduces an aperture card copy of the UNIVERSITYwill use its $7,200 for an op- master card in about 15 seconds. The copy erations analysis of research library adminis- card is then inserted in a portable IBM tration. A $42,190 grant for the preparation Micro-Viewer, which magnifies either the of a manual on work simplification in small whole or parts of the image 15 times. Micro- public libraries has been given to DREXEL Copier I1 makes an aperture card copy di- INSTITUTEOF TECHNOLOGY.Several inde- rectly from microfilm. The price of the aper- pendent libraries serving 25,000 or fewer ture cards with thermal or diazo film is $35 persons will be studied in the New Jersey for 1,000 cards. Micro-Copier I is $825, JULY-AUGUST 1963 and the viewer is $175. Micro-Copier I1 will Members in the News cost $925 and will be on the market during ROBERTJ. HAVLIK,former Librarian dt the first quarter of 1964. Linde Company, Tonawanda, New York, has accepted a position with the U.S. Office British Librarians to Visit U.S. of Education, Library Services Branch, in A welcome invasion by air of approximately Washington, D. C. RALPH SWINBURNE, 137 British librarians on United States shores former Librarian at Union Carbide Metals is expected on October 9. After conquering Company, succeeds Mr. Havlik at Linde. the sights and libraries in Boston, Washing- ton, D. C., and New York, they will depart ALLENKENT, former Associate Director of October 23. To ease the way and to act as the Center for Documentation and Com- hosts for this whirlwind tour, SLA Chapters munication Research at Western Reserve from the areas in and around the three cities University, has been appointed Director of will cooperate with the Association of As- a new University of Pittsburgh center deal- sistant Librarians, a section of the Library ing with teaching, technology, and research Association in England. Visits to school, spe- related to knowledge availability systems. cial, college, public and county libraries are MRS. CONSTANCEMOORE has been chosen planned along with sightseeing and social to direct the five libraries operated by United activities. Bill M. Woods, SLA Executive Air Lines in Chicago and San Francisco for Secretary, is on the committee for arrange- internal use. She succeeds MRS. MARION ments on this side of the Atlantic along with HBRZOG,who retired after 19 years. Jack Dalton, Dean, School of Library Serv- Ice, Columbia University, and Eric Moon, GERALDJ. OPPENHEIMER,former Manager Editor, Library Journal. Rice Estes, Librarian of Information Services at Boeing Scientific at Pratt Institute Library in Brooklyn, and Research Laboratories, recently became Di- Mrs. Elaine A. Kurtz, Associate Executive rector of the Health Sciences Library at the Director of the United States Book Exchange, University of Washington, Seattle. Washington, D. C., are regional chairmen JOHN SHERROD,former Chief, Science and assisting the Tour Committee. Individual li- Technology Division, Library of Congress, brarians will be asked to be hosts to one or has been named Chief, Information Services two British librarians. dnd Systems Branch, Division of Technical Information, U.S. Atomic Energy Commis- Miracode System of Information Retrieval sion. Recordak's new Miracode principle helps retrieve and print information filed on specially Coming Events encoded microfilm. The system works by The 29th session of the INTERNATIONALFED- coding a l6mm microfilm image of an orig- ERATION OF LIBRARYASSOCIATIONS (IFLA) inal document at the same time the document COUNCILwill convene in Sofia, Bulgaria, is being microfilmed. To locate information, September 1-6, 1963. All meetings will be the record file is scanned by the Lodestar held at the National Library Vassil Kolarov, Reader-Printer, central unit of the Miracode Boulevard Tolbuhin 11. High Speed Reference Station. Documents PACIFICNORTHWEST LIBRARY ASSOCIATION answering the index description are flashed will hold its 1963 conference during August on the screen for reference and then auto- 28-30 at Yakima, Washington. matically enlarged to paper facsimile form, one after the other, if the automatic print The Graduate School of Library Science and order has been given when the index codes the Division of University Extension of the were keyed into the system. Average retrieval UNIVERSITYOF ILLINOISwill sponsor two time is eight seconds. The microfilm files are Allerton Park conferences. "Research Meth- encoded either manually or automatically by ods in Librarianship," the conference which the Miracode Microfilmer. Electronics sys- will be held September 8-11, is open to tems specialists are available for consultation. those engaged in teaching or sponsoring SPECIAL LIBRARIES research. For further information write to earth it is? And let us consider that the word the Graduate School of Library Science, 331 "report"-so familiar and so meaningful to those of us who have worked in the libraries of indus- Library, University of Illinois, Urbana. From trial plants or scientific laboratories-is not in itself November 3-6 the topic discussed will be particularly descriptive to a person who has not. "The School Library Materials Center: Its Would it not be feasible-and sensible-for a Resources and Their Utilization." committee of the SLA to make an official effort to introduce this kind of material to the directors Library Services Branch Appointments of the leading library schools and to educate the latter in an understanding of the important place The Library Services Branch of the Depart- these reports have in our national technical and ment of Health, Education, and Welfare's scientific effort? Omce of Education has appointed Sarah MRS. CHARLOTTEWILCOXEN, Librarian Rebecca Reed, former Executive Secretary of Brown Pulliam, Bedford, Massachusetts ALA's Library Education Division, as Li- brary Education Specialist, and Dorothy A. If I understand Mr. Asero correctly (see Special Kittel, former Adult Services Consultant at Libraries, May-June, 1963, page 300), the service, North Carolina State Library, as Public Li- which he desires, already exists. University Micro- brary Specialist for Adult Services. films, Inc. of Ann Arbor, Michigan will sell him positive microfilm of the annual volumes of any of some 1,200 current journals at an announced British Recruitment Brochure price of approximately three-tenths of a cent per The Library Association, Chaucer House, page with a minimum of $2.75 per annual vol- Malet Place, London W.C. 1, has recently ume, spooled, boxed, and labeled, and with the published Become a Libvarian. This 12-page index for the year, when available, at the beginning of the reel. In order to qualify for the serv- illustrated brochure covers all branches of ice, the purchaser must be a subscriber to the librarianship and is geared for high school journal in original form. The microfilm makes it and advanced level students. Copies are bd possible for him to discard the originals, thereby each, depending upon quantity, and are sup- avoiding costs of binding and reducing storage re- plied free to guidance counselors and em- quirements. University Microfilms, Inc.'s current catalog contains a study of the economics of pe- ployment personnel from the Association. riodical storage, which Mr. Asero will find interesting. Letters to the Editor VERNERW. CLAPP,President Council on Library Resources, Inc. EDUCATIONAND TECHNICALREPORTS Washington, D. C. Mr. Stevenson's article, "Library Education: the Shape of the Future." in the May-June issue of Special Libraries, is the most concisely intelligent DUPLICATINGADVICE FROM ENGLAND statement I have seen of the need for library The article by H. Rupert Theobald, "Mechanical \c.hnols to recognize the existence of the whole Reproduction of Library Cards in a Special Li- new literature of government and company gen- brary" (Special Libraries, March 1963), is of in- erated technical reports and the fact that it is only terest to us as we have been using the method he through librarians trained to their use that the describes, with some modifications, for over two contents of these reports can be made available for years. The difficulties being experienced with 5 x 3 the vital use of scientists and engineers. inch master sets can be overcome by the following Four years ago, I brought up this matter in a method. class I was then taking in the extension division Separate 11 x 8% inch masters and carbons of one of the leading library schools of the coun- are purchased. One master is ruled to give three try and was soundly squelched for my pains and 5 x 3 inch frames. using one of the carbons. This f~)rsuggesting that library schools should include master is placed on the duplicator, and the re- courses about such things. If I remember correctly, maining masters are fed into the duplicator, matt the teacher declared that this would be the equiv- face uppermost. The result is a quantity of framed alent of "turning library schools into trade masters, which are then ready for typing. After school^." (Qzrlle horreur!) typing the catalogue entries, the frames can be Granting the "inborn tendency to resist change," cut, leaving the space at the edges of the frames as Mr. Stevenson so temperately puts it, is it not to attach to the drum of the duplicator. The also probable that much of the resistance that di- method works very satisfactorily and eliminates the rectors of library schools show to the claims of need for special 5 x 3 inch masters. this new type of material to be included in their R. SWEENEY,Librarian curricula stems from the fact that they have never United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority seen a technical report and have no idea what on Wantage, Berkshire, England JULY-AUGUST 1963 Book Reviews for an information center; Simon M. Newman criteria for establishing system costs; and C. Dake INFORMATIONRETRIEVAL MANAGEMENT. Lou,ell Gull guidelines for the decision to mechanize H. Hattery and Edward M. MrCmmick, eds. De- information systems. troit, Michigan: American Data Processing, Inc., 5. Systems experience: W. C. Asbury and J. E. 1962, 151 p. $13.50. Moise describe the Technical Information Center The papers are adapted from the proceedings of Esso Research and Engineering Company; Ber- of the Fourth Institute on Information Storage nard K. Dennis the Technical Information Center and Retrieval, presented February 1962 at the of the General Electric Company. emphasizing the Center for Technology and Administration, School services offered and the problems in financing; of Government and Public Administration, The John Sherrod the functions of a technical informa- American University. tion center. Although the intent of this volume is to present Edward M. McCormick summarizes the phases to all levels of management the different ap- of the management control cycle and science in- proaches to be considered in information retrieval formation center. systems and to emphasize the responsibilities of MARJORIEGRIFFIN. Librarian management, it will serve as an excellent guide Advanced Systems Development Division, IBM for those at the operating level and as a checklist San Jose, California for those who need to evaluate present systems. It will be a useful tool in any library, whether AMERICANLIBRARY RESOIJRCES: A BIBLIOGRAPHI- the interest is in mechanization or not, for every CAL GUIDE;SUPPLEMENT 1950-1761. Robert B. reader will have a better understanding of the com- Downs, ed. Chicago: American Library Associa- munication problems in the essential steps of tion, 1962. 226 p. $7. (L.C. No. 61-11156) gathering, analyzing, and disseminating technical information. Cooperation between libraries has been on an The book has been well edited-the papers expanding basis during the past 20 years. and the written by well-known leaders in scientific com- library world has seen the increasing number of munication who have a lucid style. The volume union lists of books and periodicals, ptinted li- contains an index, an extensive bibliography, and brary catalogs, surveys of library holdings. calen- some informative graphs. dars of achives and manuscripts, descriptions of The 18 chapters have a logical sequence of in- special collections, and library reports and bul- terest, from the basic systems concept in com- letins. Dr. Downs recorded the growth of bib- municating technical information, through expe- liographic resources for the period 1875 to 1950 riences operating single information centers, to in his original book Antrvican Libvary Resoui-rei: the broad international interest in documentation. A Bibliographirul Guide. Nov: in his Su[1plentrr2t There are five major areas of management con- to the original publication he covers the materials cern: produced from 1750 through 1961. This valuable tool for the special librarian will 1. General problem: Chauncey D. Leake, Lowell help him locate many of the specialized sources H. Hattery, Karl F. Heumann, and Saul Gorn dis- needed in his literature searches. Some of the cuss the systems concept, the handling of informa- catalogs and union lists of materials referred to in tion in the documentation crisis, the international the Supplenzent should also prove valuable as trends in documentation and computers, and com- checklists in developing his collection. munications and science inter-relationship. The guide is arranged by broad Dewey classih- 2:Management problem: Julius N. Cahn dis- cation and includes an index to authors, compilers, cusses the national goal of a compatible informa- editors, types of material, subjects, and to some tion system with collaboration between federal and titles. Each entry is numbered and listed only private groups; Paul W. Howerton the hierarchal once. position of technical information centers; and Most major libraries of the United States are James Hillier the evaluation of an information represented by entries in this publication. and center from a manager's point of view. particularly gratifying is the number of special 3. Communications aspect: H. P. Luhn considers libraries in universities and governmental agencies the general business intelligence system; Helen L. u:hich have published listings of their special Brownson the information needs of the scientist; collections or catalogs of their book and periodical William B. Kehl communication between computer holdings. As a result of their efforts in the area and user in information searching; and Hattie T. of publication of union lists of periodicals, many Anderson should management try to build compati- Special Libraries Association local Chapters also ble, integrated, company-wide data systems. appear in Dr. Downs' compilation. However, there 4. Problem definition: DeWitt 0. Myatt discusses seems to be a large gap in the listings of holdings, survey technique to determine design information descriptions of collections, and library reports from 364 SPECIAL LIBRARIES business and industrial libraries. It may be that no of the various types of documents, he determines such material is published or that it did not come with a + (or, "where eminently well suited" a to the editor's attention. In either case. special ++) the appropriate retrieval techniques to be libraries in business and industry are hiding their used for achieving direct or indirect retrieval. "Di- light under a bushel and not receiving a proper rect" and "indirect" here refer to the distinction share of attention. This is not meant to deprecate a between data-providing and reference-providing in- fine job done by the compiler of American Librq formation retrieval techniques. Rerource~hut merely to suggest an untapped area. Of course there really is no universal agreement The Supplement (and the original publication) on the question of appropriate or "eminently" are both highly recommended for inclusion in any appropriate retrieval techniques with regard to special library reference collection. various types of documentary materials. Until there RICHARDA. DAVIS.Assistant Professor is a sufficiently large body of experimental evi- Graduate School of Library Science dence to go on, we are all working somewhat Drexel Institute of Technology intuitively. Dr. Holmstrom's peremptory presenta- Philadelphia, Pennsylvania tion indicates no such lack of decision on his part. The same decisive attitude is brought to bear on MODERN DOCUMENTATIONAND INFORMATION his discussion of the various classification systems PRACTICES:A BASICMANUAL (FID Publ. 334). in this chapter. According to Dr. Holmstrom, there Dr. Otto Frank, ed. The Hague: International Fecl- is the Universal Decimal Classification with its eration for Documentation, 1961. x, 225 p. $4.50. many enthusiasts and there are those other classifi- Published with the assistance of UNESCO. cations, which, one gathers from the author's presentation, were concocted by disgruntled anti- Recently I read a bit of advice to those who LJDCers to display their lack of enthusiasm for find it difficult to stay with a book and read it decimal classification. through. The gist of this advice was: start in the Chapter 10 on reproduction is a contribution by middle, start at the end-start any place, but find the general editor, Dr. Frank. This is a fair pres- something that interests you and permits you to entation of photocopying methods and devices, get into the book. Put it down if it defeats you microfilming, microfilm readers, and other repro- or bores you, and then keep coming back to it. duction methods and machines. It is well illus- Eventually it will yield. This rather accurately de- trated with photographs of many of the devices scribes my own progress through Modern DOCZI- discussed. Most of the illustrations display Euro- mentation atzd Informa~iunPractice.r and, since it pean equipment, but some United States manu- was ultimately a successful method, I recommend facturers are also represented. the following order of reading. For progress through the rest of the book. I Chapter 13, "Human Factors." and Chapter 14, have no special recommendations. There are chap- "Cooperation and Coordination," both by Dr. ters on processing, bibliographic methods, mech- Josef Koblitz, might be read first. These two anization, and translation. Some, if not novel, are chapters, the last in the book and confined to a at least readable and useful. Others are intolerably mere 25 pages, including their lists of references, dull and cumbersome, with quarter-page, one- serve to carry out the objectives of a "basic man- sentence paragraphs abounding. ual," which the subtitle promises the book is to The lack of a subject index might be considered be. In his statement of the problems of training a serious omission. In this case the annoyance is for documentation ("it is the least systematized less severe because, for such a small book. the factor of all") and in his presentation of staff rather well organized "List of Contents," which requirements and qualifications. Dr. Koblitz suc- appears at the front, serves well enough to find ceeds in outlining the principal functions of a spe- things. cial library or documentation center. Chapter 13 Appendix 1 contains a listing of all of the refer- provides useful guides for staff organization and ences cited in the chapters, appropriately numbered realistic recomniendations for preparatory educa- tlon, on-the-job training, and individual self-study. to refer back to the chapters in which they were Chapter 14 is a discussion of operational problems, cited. Appendix 2 is a list of "Organizations Con- which might be met successfully through various cerned in the Promotion and Improvement of Doc- umentation and Related Practices." methods of organization for cooperation. It is brief but thorough. I was led. for purposes of comparison, to reread Chapter 7, "Information Retrieval," by Dr. various parts of an earlier book, which had many J. Edwin Holmstrom is the next point of attack of the same objectives as this one. Lucille Jack- (or was for me). Retrieval techniques are system- son's Technical Librurie~;Their Orga~zizutioizand atically organized, and Dr. Holmstrom has even Ma>zagemmt, although some ten years older than prepared a chart with various types of documents the book edited by Dr. Frank, is still far superior (cuttings from newspapers, pamphlets, reference as a basic manual. When I require such a reference books, etc.) arranged verticaily, and techniques for (as I often do) I will still have Jackson on my rrtrieval (alphabetical arrangement. subject classi- desl:. One really doesn't need both. fication, punch cards, computers, etc.) arranged R. E. DURKIN,Manager, Laboratory Library horizontally. Within this matrix, and for each IBM Data Systems Division, Kingston, N. Y. JULY-AUGUST 1963 Clev,eland Chapter Membership Directory Resources and Technical Seruices, vol. 7, no. 2, A Directory of Members 1963 has recently been Spring 1963, p. 156-60. published by the Cleveland Chapter. Student mem- JAHODA,Gerald. Special Libraries and Information bers from the Western Reserve School of Library Centres in Industry in the United States. Unesco Science are listed, and there is also a classified Bulletin lor Librarie.r. vol. 17, no. 2, March-April index of libraries in the area. Copies may be 1963, p. 70-6. obtained gratis from Rose J. Nadas, Librarian, ORNE.Jerrold. Newspapers: A Regional Resource. Lamp Division, General Electric Company, Nela Library Journal, vol. 88, no. 8, April 15, 1963, Park, Cleveland 12, Ohio. p. 1612-4. SHARP.Harold S. What Are You Trying to Say? Philadelphia Chapter Union List Tf'LN'ued Men, vol. 43, no. 2, 1963, p. 17-20. A union list of serials for the Philadelphia area SHERA,Jesse H. Toward a New Dimension for is in preparation by the SLA Philadelphia Chapter Library Education. ALA Bulletin, vol. 57, no. 4, in conjunction with Literature Service Associates, April 1963, p. 313-8. who will publish the list. LSA has already pub- TAUBER,Maurice F. Technical Services in 1962. lished union lists for the New Jersey and Mary- Library resource^ and Technical Services, vol. 7, land areas. no. 2, Spring 1963, p. 133-41. YERKE,Theodor B., co-author. The Oxford Sys- Southern California Union List tem: A Study of Its Uses at a Forest Experiment The Southern California SLA Chapter has com- Station. Journal of Forestry, vol. 61, no. 4, p. piled and edited the fourth edition of the Union 295-6. List of Periodicals in Libraries of Southern Cali- ZIPIN,Lynn P. The Westchester Academy of Med- for~zia.which includes the holdings of 113 libraries, icine Library. The Westchester Medical Bulletin, a total of over 16,000 entries. The computer- vol. 31, no. 3, March 1963, p. 9-12. produced C7nion Li.rt is $5 each to contributing libraries and $20 (plus 80 cents sales tax for New Serials California residents) to others and may be ordered ADVANCESIN CHILD DEVELOPMENTBEHAVIOR from Central Magazine Company. Box 863, River- has a proposed publication date of Winter 1963. side, California. The journal, which will be published by Academic Press, will present articles on developments and Chapter Award Projects Summary methods in the field, including biological and The San Francisco Bay Region Chapter, winner of physiological research as well as social factors, per- the 1963 H. W. Wilson Chapter Award, has made ception, and motivation and learning. available a summary of its prize-winning projects. DATAPROCESSING FOR EDUCATION,a monthly pub- Guided by the theme. "Put MORE Knowledge to lication of American Data Processing Inc., Book Work-Continuing Education for Chapter Mem- Tower, Detroit 26. Michigan, is devoted to articles bers," the summary contains descriptions of two concerning school administration, teaching, and development courses for professional librarians. guidance in all levels and types of educational two m,lchines and systems courses, one workshop institutions. A four-month trial subscription is $9; for library assistants, and one invitational forum the regular rate is $24 a year. on educational needs and future programs. Copies are free from Association Headquarters. EVALUATION,published quarterly by Nationwide Consumer Testing Institute, Hoboken, New Jersey, SLA Authors was first published in April. The scope of the ADKINSON,Burton W. The Role of Scientific So- journal at present is product evaluation of interest cieties Today. American Counc~lof Learned So- to manufacturer and consumer. Eventually articles cieties, vol. 14, no. l, January 1963, p. 1-9. will cover design, testing, production, and marketing. Subscriptions available free upon request. ANDREWS,Mrs. Theodora and SEWELL,Winifred. World List of Pharmacy Periodicals. American INDEXOF THE CHRISTIANSCIENCE MONITOR is luurnal of Hospital Pharmacy, vol. 20, no. 2, Feb- published monthly, including the western and ruary 1963, p. 42-83. mid-western editions as well as the eastern edition. by Mrs. Helen M. Cropsey, 1725 Kings Road. ASH, Lee. The Question of Definition. LibTary CorvaIIis, Oregon. Yearly subscription price is $10 Journnl, vol. 88, no. 8, April 15, 1963, p. 1617-20. with an additional $10 for a six-month and annual BENTLEY.Howard B. City Planning and Urban cumulated index. Renewal. Librar) Jour~zal,vol. 88, no. 8. April 15, JOURNALOF EXPERIMENTALCHILD PSYCHOLOGY 1963, p. 1621-4. will make its first appearance with the Spring 1964 BRYAN. Jxnes E. The Needs of Libraries and issue. The quarterly, to be published by Academic What ALA Is Doing About Them. ALA Bulletin, Press. will contain papers investigating the factors vol. 57. no. 4, April 1963, p. 319-21. that determine the behavior and development of DOWNS,Robert B. Decline and Fall. 1Y'ilsan Li- children. Discussion will be on theoretical aspects bra~)!Bulletin. vol. 37. no. 9, May 1963, p. 772-4. of experiments. developmental studies on infra- DUNKIN,Paul S. 1962: On the Road. Library human subjects. new apparatus or techniques, new SPECIAL LIBRARIES material, c~rcuits,and other information valuable Grolier International Encyclopedia to investigators in the field. A 20-volume En~~clopediaInterizritiod was re- JOURNALOF HYDROLOGYis published quarterly cently published by Grolier Inc. at the cost of mainly in English by North-Holland Publishing $4 million. The work contains 36,000 articles writ- Company, P.O. Box 103, Amsterdam, The Nether- ten by 1,780 contributors, including 10 Nobel lands. The international journal publishes papers Prize winners. The index volume has over 100,000 on all aspects of surface and ground waters, hy- entries, and the 18,500 illustrations were designed drological phenomena and engineering, and me- to add understandmg to the text. The complete teorology and climatology. Subscription is $15 for set sells for $199.50 and is available from Spencer each volume, postage free, available from the International Press, Chicago. publisher. Up to 25 reprints of an article may be ordered free of charge. RECENT REFERENCES JOURNALOF MATHEMATICALPSYCHOLOGY will he published semi-annually, beginning January Librarianship 1964. Research papers will be devoted to mathe- CANADIANLIBRARY ASSOCIATION. 16th Annual matical developments in learning theory, perception, Cunfererzre Pruceedings. Ottawa: n.d. 101 p. psychophysics, cognitive processes, psycholinguis- mimeo. pap. Apply. tics, and social behavior. Institutional subscriptions Proceedings of the general sessions, committees, are $20, and the $10 private subscriptions, which and projects given at the Algonquin Hotel, St. are only valid when ordered directly from the pub- Andrews, New Brunswick, June 16-23, 1961. Con- lisher, are available from Academic Press. ference theme was Rx: Inquiry-Consultation- Action. In English. JOURNAL OF VERBAL LEARNINGAND VERBAL BEHAVIOR,appearing six times a year, publishes KENNON,Mary F. and DOYLE,Leila A. Planning research reports on experimental, empirical, and Schr/ol Library Dez~elopment. Chicago: American theoretical investigations. Institutional subscrip- Library Association, 1962. 89 p. pap. $I. tions are $15 a volume. Private subscriptions cost A report of the School Library Development $8.50 a volume and are only available from the Project of the American Association of School Li- publishers, Academic Press. brarians, February 1, 1961-July 31, 1962, based on the work of the national project, 21 grant proj- MEDICAL ELECTRONICSAND BIOLOGICALENGI- ects, and other state and local groups to which NEERING, the official journal of the International consultant service was given. Appendices include Federation for Medical Electronics, began its quar- "SLDP Publications and Materials" and "Directory terly pblication with the January-March 1963 of Grant Projects." issue. Articles, published in English, French, Ger- man, or Russian, cover instrumentation, data analy- LAND, Brian. Avenrres of Research. Montreal : sis, computer and new materials applications antl Canadian Chamber of Commerce [1962]. 40 p. present related information between the medical pap. $2. and biological sciences and the engineering and A businessman's guide to sources of business physical sciences. The annual subscription price to information. Chapters cover "The Importance of libraries is $20; to individuals for private use, Research," "The Library as an Information Cen- $10; and to members of the Biological Engineer- tre," "Reference Books as Sources of Information," ing Society and the IFME, $6; available from "Periodicals and Pamphlets as Sources of Informa- Pergamon Press. tion," "Government as a Source of Information," "Sources of Statistical Information," "Associations NAUCHNAYAI TEKHNICHESKAYAINI:ORMATSIYA and Chambers of Con~merceas Sources of Informa- (Scietztifir und Technical Information) is a bi- tion." and "How to Conduct a Research Project." monthly section of the Russian language abstract Appendices list library classification systems, Cana- journal, Referativnyi zhurizul, published in Mos- dian indexes, depository libraries. offices of the cow by the All-Union Institute of Scientific and Dominion Bureau of Statistics, and provincial sta- Technical Information. Topics abstracted include information retrieval and data processing. catalog- tistical and economic agencies. ing and classification, translation programs, repro- Mechaizized Library Procedures (General Informa- duction, organization of information services, antl tion Manual. White Plains, N. Y.: International related library and science-technology information Business Machines Corp., Technical Publications subjects. Subscription to the journal is available Dept. [1963]. 19 p. pap. Apply. from dealers specializing in Russian publications. Describes methods by which IBM data process- RADIOISOTOPEREPORT, a biweekly information ing machines can be utilized for such library ap- service published by Trends Publishing, Inc., 998 plications as book ordering, shelf listing, catalog- National Press Building, Washington 4, D. C., ing, indexing, and related procedures. Appendix. will provide coverage on the use of radioisotopes MOSELEY,Elizabeth and HAWKINS,Miriam. Ba.ric and applied radiation in manufacturing and re- Refererzce Aids for Small Medirul Liblzrries, rev. search, a checklist of source material, patent in- Washington, D. C.: National Library of Medicine, formation, and a free subscriber inquiry service. 1962. ii, 24 p. pap. Apply. Annual subscription price is $72. Includes bibliographies, dictionaries. histories, JULY-AUGUST 1963 catalogs, drug lists, reviews, audio-visual aids, and ciations and organizations, business and economic other basic references. Essential titles are starred. activity, industries and commodities, and financial Arrangement is by type of reference. and titles are information. Includes eight pages of work sheets. chiefly in English, with citations to the latest edi- CHESIRE,Esther. Revieu, of Ivorc and Steel Litera- tions available. Sources and prices are given for ture for 1961. Pittsburgh, Pa.: Carnegie Library of most entries. Texts in subject fields have been Pittsburgh. 1962. 62 p. pap. Apply. omitted. This listing is the 45th annual review compiled Proceedings of the Joint Conference of Canadim for the Blart Furnace and Steel Plicnt. Includes Lib~agAs.rociation and the Ontario Libvuy Asso- publications issued earlier than 1961 but not pre- ciation. Ottawa: [1963]. 120 p. pap. Apply. viously listed. Proceedings of the 17th CLA and the 60th OLA LIBRARYOF CONGRESS.Science and Technology conferences at the Chateau Laurier Hotel, Ottawa, Division, Reference Department. Aetonauticul and June 22-29, 1962. Includes speeches, section, com- Space Serial Publications: A World List. Washing- mittee, and workshop sessions, plus directory of ton. D. C.: 1962. ix, 255 p. $1. (Sold by Govern- conference committees. ment Printing Office.) SHEEHAN,Sister Helen, S.N.D. The Snzall College Bibliography of 4,551 titles from 76 countries Library. Westminster, Md.: The Newman Press, arranged alphabetically by country. Title index 1963. ix, 216 p. $3.50 (20% discount to schools with cross references. United States has 1,630 and libraries) (L.C. 62-21495). titles; Germany 426; Great Britain 418; France The staffing, financing, services, and operation 394; and Russia 157. of a small college library. Appendices include bib- PARK,Iris M. New Zealatzd Periodicals of Literary liography, budget, sample forms and notices, ad- Intetwt (Bibliographical Series No. 6). Welling- dresses of suppliers, publishers, and distributors, ton, New Zealand: National Library Service, 1962. ALA standards for college and junior college li- iii, 55 p. pap. Apply. braries, and evaluating the library. Index. Compiled by the author as part of her studies at SLAMECKA,Vladimir. Final Report Indexing Aid.r the Wellington Library School. Periodicals selected (RADC-TDR-62-579).Bethesda, Maryland: Docu- to indicate the development of the literary maga- mentation Inc., January 1963. vii, 33 p. pap. (For zine in New Zealand and where New Zealand fic- Sale from Office of Technical Services, U.S. De- tion of an individual author can be found. Author partment of Commerce, Washington 25, D. C.) and periodical title indexes. Appendix for mar- A discussion of various indexing aids from the ginal items. viewpoint of their use for circumventing memory SCHUTZE,Gertrude. Bibliography of Guides to the limitation of indexers and for providing a feed- S-T-M Literatu~e: Scieiztific-Technical-Medical, back relative to the usefulness of indexing opera- Snpplement, 1958-1962. New York: 1963. 39 p. tions. Includes proposed methodology and bibli- pap. $2. (Sold by the author. 801 Crotona Park ography. Study prepared for the Rome Air De- North, New York 60.) velopment Center, Griffiss Air Force Base, New 395 books, papers, and periodicals arranged by York. broad subjects. Foreign literature section and list- STECKLER,Phyllis B., ed. The Bou~kerAnnual of ing of guides to S-T-M books, periodicals, and ab- Library and Book Trade Information. 8th ed. New stracting and indexing services included. York: R. R. Bowker, 1963. 375 p. $7.50. (L.C. U.S. NAVALSCHOOL, Civil Engineer Corps Offi- 55-12434) cers, Academic Department. Bibliography: Behav- New sections in Part 1 include Foreign Anti- ioral Resen~chand Associated Studies. Port Hue- quarian, Booksellers, and Publishers Associations ; neme, Calif.: Technical Library Division, January Guide to National Bibliographic Centres ; Basic 1963. iii, 31 p. pap. Apply. Books for Librarians and the Book Trade; Con- Based on work done over the past several years sumer Expenditures; American Book Publication under the auspices of the Department of Defense. Figures, 1961-62 ; Subscription Reference Net Sales Prepared by the faculty of the Engineering Man- Retail; and State Public Library Agencies. Also agement Division and the librarian of the school. new is the Activities Index. Regular features include Chart of National Library Associations, 1962, and the Library Buying Guide. Index. CLASSIFIED ADVERTISING Positions open and wanted-SO cents per line; Bibliographic Tools minimum charge 61.50. Other classifieds-75 rents BOGARDUS,Janet. Outline for the Course in Busi- a Ilne; $2.25 minimum. Copy must be received by ness and Economics Litevature (Library Service tenth of month preceding month of publica~ron. s8552G), rev. New York: School of Library Serv- ice, Columbia University, 1962. 48 p. pap. $1.60. POSITIONS OPEN Annotated bibliography of general reference books, basic statistical sources, periodicals and ADMINISTRATIVEASSISTANT TO PRESIDENT.Inter- newspapers, U.S. government publications, asso- national scientific publishers. Editorial duties in SPECIAL LIBRARIES Science and the Humanities. Must be articulate LIBRARIAN-BS or MS degree in Library Science correspondent, responsible and able to work inde- with some scientific background. Starting salary pendently. College grad. Library experience with $5400-$6300, depending on experience. Full fringe books or serials helpful. Light traveling. Salary benefits. Contact Oak Ridge Institute of Nuclear commensurate with ability. Please send all replies Studies, P.O. Box 117, Oak Ridge, Tennessee. An to the undersigned, Johnson Reprint Corporation, equal opportunity employer. 11 I Fifth Avenue, New York 3, New York. -- --~ ASSISTANTHEAD of Readers' Services Division, LIBRARIAN(Cataloging), GS-9. Salary $6675 in- Oregon State Library. Supervise Reference Section creased to $7030, 1-6-64 plus increments of $230. of ten professionals. Four years of professional Responsible for complete bibliographic control in experience including reference and supervisory several unrelated subject fields. Six years progres- work and a fifth-year degree in librarianship re- sive library experience with at least two years quired. Legislative reference experience desirable. cataloging; or Bachelor's degree including 24 State Retirement, Social Security. Position open: semester hours in library science and minimum August 1. Write to Eloise Ebert, State Librarian, two years cataloging; or Master's degree in li- Oregon State Library, Salem, Oregon. brary science and minimum one year cataloging -- experience required. U.S. Railroad Retirement ASSISTANTLIBRARIAN CATALOGER-MLS or Bach- Board, Attention: Miss Stillwell, 844 Rush Street, elor's Degree with training and experience in Chicago 11, Illinois. cataloging and classification. Some basic courses in science and a foreign language desirable. Evcellent L~~~~Rr~~-Responsib~eposition for administer- opportunity for person who is able to work inde- ing library for professional staff which includes pendently. This position is located in our Ann Neuro-Psychiatric Institute & Research Bureau. Arbor Research Laboratories. Applicants should Starting salary dependent upon experience. Civil send complete resume including salary require- Service, retirement & other excellent fringe bene- ments to: Personnel Department, Parke, Davis & fits including paid health & life insurance plans. Company, Detroit 32, Michigan. An equal oppor- Salary: $4988-$6482. College grad including or tunity employer. supplemented by one year course in library science ~ ~ ~p -p--~. CATALOGER-University of Illinois, Library of required. Write Dr. Granville L. Jones, Assistant Medical Sciences, Chicago. Fifth year Library Medical Director, N. J. Neuro-Psychiatric Insti- School degree, experience desirable, not necessary, tute, Box 1000, Princeton, New Jersey. salary open, minimum $5,500, month vacation, retirement system, academic rank. Write: Wilma L~BRAR~AN-IN-cHARGE-B~~~-C~~W~~,Pennsyl- Troxel, Librarian, University of Illinois, Library vania, one of Philadelphia's attractive Main Line of Medical Sciences, 1853 West Polk Street, Chi- suburbs. Library of 24,000 volumes. Member of cago 12, Illinois. Lower Merion Library Association. Handsome, air- conditioned building with building project in plan- CATALOGER-University of Pittsburgh. Falk Li- ning stage. Active Board, busy library and chal- brary of the Health Professions. Required: Fifth lenging job. Salary range $5481-$6321, 37% hour year degree in an accredited library school, at week, 4 weeks vacation, no civil service examina- least two years of cataloging experience in a re- tion. No residence required. M.S. in L.S. or B.S. search library, and reading knowledge of two foreign languages. Beginning salary: $6500-$7000. in L.S. (with two years experience) required. Social security, TIAA retirement, one month's Some experience desirable. Job open September vacation, 37% hours per week. Position open Sep- 1, 1963. Apply to A. Hunter Rineer, Jr., Executive tember 1. Apply or inquire: C. F. Reynolds, Li- Director, Lower Merion Library Association, 75 brarian, Falk Library of the Health Professions, E. Lancaster Avenue, Ardmore, Pennsylvania. University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh 13, Pa. MEDICALLIBRARY-New Position: Reference Li- INDEXERS-The H. W. Wilson Company has im- brarian to work closely with faculty, staff, and stu- mediate openings for indexers on the following dents in expanding service. Library school degree indexes: The Art Index. Background in art essen- and experience in medical or related field. Write: tial. ,Knowledge of cataloging and/or library William K. Beatty, Northwestern University Med- experience, while desirable, are not absolute require- ical Library, 303 East Chicago Avenue, Chicago ments. Beginning salary $6330 per year. The Ap- 11, Illinois plied Science and Technology Index. Background in science essential. Knowledge of cataloging and/or library experience, while desirable, are not PHOTO LIBRARIANwanted to administer photo col- absolute requirements. Beginning salary $6330 per lection in educational publications department of year. Applicants must be capable of performing Wesleyan University. LS degree required. Classi- accurately the detailed work required in assigning fication and organizational skills important. Li- appropriate subject headings to articles in current brary experience preferred but not necessary. periodicals. Many company benefits such as vaca- Lovely new building and pleasant surroundings. tions, sick pay, pensions, Blue Cross and Blue Attractive insurance and retirement plans includ- Shield, etc. Annual salary reviews. 5 day, 35 hour ing TIAA. 37% hour week with month's vaca- week. Applications should be addressed to: The tion. Salary open. Contact C. L. McKelvie, Vice Personnel Department, The H. W. Wilson Com- Chairman, Department of School Services and pany, 950 University Avenue, New York 52, New Publications, Wesleyan University, Middletown, York. Connecticut. JULY-AUGUST 1963 REFERENCELIBRARIAN-Senior reference librarian for large bank research library, with emphasis on POSITIONS WANTED economics, finance. banking, domestic and foreign area economic conditions, and international finance ART LIBRARIAN-B.A., MA. (Art History), fifth and trade. Qualifications: MLS degree. Some ex- year A.B.L.S.. 15 years experience university li- perience in reference work in economics or related braries. Now Architecture Librarian. seeks museum fields; or academic background in economics and or SL post. Write Box B 113. two years general library experience. Salary com- -- ~ mensurate with qualifications. Apply to Personnel LIBRARIAN-B.A., M.S.L.S. Recently assistant spe- Department, Federal Reserve Bank of New York, cial business library, seeks position. Interest in 33 Liberty Street, New York 45, New York. collection containing Spanish and French. Write Box B 96. . - SERIALSLIBRAR~AN-Indiana University School of Medicine Library. Require fifth year library de- LIBRARIAN-University teaching and industrial gree from an accredited library school. $5600 scientific research experience, presently department starting salary. Responsible for all procedures re- head. Post-graduate degree, 3 languages, M.L.S. lating to the serials collection: ordering, claiming, Prefer East or Midwest metropolitan area. Box binding, and cataloging. Plan some degree of au- B 100. tomation of serials procedures within a year. Apply to: Miss Mary Jane Laatz, Medical Librar- MEDICALL1~~~~1~N-Experienced in organizing ian, Indiana University School of Medicine Li- and reorganzing libraries, seeks challenging posi- brary, 1100 West Michigan Street, Indianapolis 7, tion in N. Y. or Baltimore. LS degree, French & Indiana. German, broad scientific & editorial background; 10 years toward retirement. Salary $7500. Write SPECIALIST-For original research, statistical stud- Box B 114. ies and publication work related to library development. Requirements: A master's degree in library WANTED:by librarian near retirement age, but science from an accredited university and training with plenty of energy, a position in a college or in research. At least five years of successful profes- special library. Have fifth year degree and varied sional library experience including publication in experience in circulation, reference, editorial, and research. Retirement and social security. Position publicity work and cataloguing. Would like posi- open September 1. Write to Eloise Ebert, State tion in Boston Area. Write Josephine A. Hope, Librarian, Oregon State Library, Salem. 37 Gorham Avenue, Brookline, Mass.

LIBRARIANS . . .

needed now by the LAWRENCE RADIATION LABORATORY The Lawrence Radiation Laborafory of the University of California is operated at Livermore for the United States Atomic Energy Commission and is engaged in nuclear energy research. Reference Specialist . . . with formal training or experience in library reference work and some science background. Responsibilities: to make literature searches, prepare bibliographies, and offer reference services to scientists and engineers. Technical Cataloger . . . Must have a library degree and at least two years' experience in cataloging. Some background in science is helpful. Responsibilities: Eventually to work with machine produced records and printed catalogs as a cataloger of technical reports and books. Location: The Livermore Site, adjacent to the Sun Francisco Bay Area. Current projects are in the areas of controlled fusion, nuclear propulsion, space physics, nuclear explosives for defense and industry, bio-medlcal aspects of radiation and radionuclides on the biosphere, and other advanced problems. Address inquiries ro: Mr. George Kumparak, Personnel Department LAWRENCE RADIATION LABORATORY P.O. Box 808 M-86, Livermore, California U. S. Citizenship Required - An Equal Opportunity Employer

370 SPECIAL LIBRARIES WANTED TO BUY PERIODICALS,duplicates, surplus for cash or ex- TECHNICAL LIBRARIAN change. Write for free Library Buying List. Can- ner's SL, Boston 20, Massachusetts. National Reactor Testing Station FOR SALE Technical Library -- CHEMICALABSTRACTS-~~~. 7-16, 1913-22, six ldaho Falls, ldaho bound ; First Decennial Index, 1907-16, three volumes bound; Industrial and Engineering Chemis- OPERATED FOR THE try magazines, 1913-16 ; Chemical and Metallurgi- cal Engineering magazines, 1919-20, bound; 8th ATOMIC ENERGY COMMISSION BY International Congress of Applied Chemistry, 29 PHJLLIPS PETROLEUM COMPANY volumes, not bound; and various other issues of ATOMIC ENERGY DIVISION chemical journals. Contact, after August 25th, Mrs. A. M. Hagerman, 6 Fellswood Drive, Ve- rona, New Jersey. Opening is for librarian (MSLS PHYSIOLOGICALREVIEWS-Bound volumes 1-42; Annual Review or Physiology, volumes 1-25; An- preferred) interested in EDP sys- nual Review of Biochemistry, volumes 1-31 (except for vol. 4). Write C. H. Best, Department tems development in the field of of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada. science information. Candidate MISCELLANEOUS should have had some science

JAPANESE PATENTS-chemical. metallurgical, elec- courses for background. Excellent tronic devices and components, illustrated abstracts three weeks after publication from $30 opportunity for recent graduate p.a., partial translations any patents quoted from C.A. or other sources airmailed same day. Rotha eager to tackle the challenging Fullford Leopold & Associates, P.O. Box 13, Black Rock, Victoria, Australia. Established 1953. problems of finding scientific information and making it promptly TECHNICAL LIBRARIAN available to scientists and engi- for expanding Library Staff neers. Library now uses basic To engage in reference work, litera- IBM equipment for all processes, ture searching, cataloging, classification and indexing of books, mono- and is now developing systems graphs and technical reports. L C for KWIC (Key Word in Context) Classification used. indexing, SKI (Selective Dissemi- MS. degree in Library Science preferred. Will consider candidates with nation of Information), etc. equivalent experience. Excellent opportunity in a small but rapidly growing technical library. Salary is com- U. S. Citizenship required mensurate with training and experience. An equal opportunity employer. U.S. Address inquiries to: Citizenship required. Personnel Administration Please send resume and salary requirements to: Phillips Petroleum Company Atomic Energy Division R. C. Mays, Director of Personal SOUTHWEST RESEARCH P. 0.Box 2067 IR INSTITUTE ldaho Falls, ldaho 8500 Culebra Road An equal opportunity San Antonio 6, Texas employer

JULY-AUGUST 1963 SWETS & ZElTLlNGER LIBRARIANS! Keizersgracht 471 & 487 THE JOB: Amsterdam-C. Holland Positions immediately available in new New and Secondhand Bookdealers branches, subject departments, technical services, children's work, and bookmobiles. Current Subscriptions THE SALARY: $51 6-$641 PER MONTH Periodicals, Sets, Bockfiles, and Separate Volumes. (Experienced librarians may start above minimum. ) American Reprerentatwe THE PLACE: Los Angeles, where the climate is always WALTER D. LANTZ good. 555 WOODSIDE AVE., BERWYN, PA. THE FUTURE: Suburban Philadelphia Phone: Niagara 4-4944 Good opportunity for professional growth and promotional advancement in a growing system; 35 librarian promotions within the last 12 months. STUDENTS MAY APPLY DURING THEIR LAST SEMESTER OF LIBRARY SCHOOL. U.S. CITIZENSHIP REQUIRED For additional information write to: Civil Service Department Hundreds of Libraries-big and small-now print Los Angeles City Hall 3 x 5 professional catalog cards and postcards (any Room 5A quantities) with new precision geared stencil printer especially designed for Library requirements.Buy di- Los Angeles 12, California rect on Five Year Guarantee. FREE- Write TO- DAY for description, pictures, and low direct price. CARDMASTER, 1920 Sunnyside, Dept. 48, Chicago 40

A vital new analysis for all business libraries Administration of / Complete composition, press and pamphlet binding facilities, cou- Wages and Salaries pled with the knowledge and skill By ELIZABETH LANHAM gained through fifty years of experience, can be put to your use-profitably This clear and systematic book comprehensively treats the goals, philosophies, principles and processes of employment remuneration. The author discusses time and output payment THE VERMONT methods, and evaluates programs of profit sharing, fringe benefits, and other PRINTING COMPANY types of compensation, providing the necessary material for both long-range Brattleboro, Vermont planning and short-term problem solving. Includes 45 charts, forms, tables and other illustrations. $9.75 PRINTERS OF THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL \ HARPER & ROW OF SPECIAL LIBRARIES ASSOCIATION Publishers N. Y. 16

SPECIAL LIBRARIES REPUBLIC OF SOUTH KOREA SINGAPORE SOUTHERN RHODESIA

xx 1 September 16-20, 1963. New York City THE INTERNATIONAL MANAGEMENT CONGRESS - the triennial meeting of the world's man agers - will be held In the Un~tedStates th~syear for the firsi time in 25 years. Several thou- s;>rid managers froni bustness, educat~onaiand governmental ~nstitutlonsfrom 100 countries wjll attend tile 1963 Congress In New York City. September 1620 The Congress wll concentrate on the major quest~onsIn each functorial area of manage merit Trends In bus~ness,technology and the socral sciences will be assessed and the~rIm- pllcatlons for management In the future evaluated. The program has been prepared to meet the needs of managers from all nations. Among The Speakers: 13th INTERNATIONAL MANAGEMENT a DAVID ROCKEFELLER. President The Chase CONGRESS HIGHLIGHTS: Manhattan Bank USA LOUIS ARMAND Former President Societe Attendance by more than 3.000 management people from 100 countries . 200 rratlanal des .dbemips de fer knts% - ' , speakers on program 30 plenary session presentat~onson the prlnc~pal FRANCE . . . FREDERICK R KAPPEL. Charrmdn of the management concerns of the 60's . 50 sympos~umson spechc management Board Anwr~canTelephone & Telegraph CO . subjects . Pre- and postCongress conferences of U S. management associa- USA ENRICO BIGNAMI. Managing Director. tiors and technical societies . Broad schedule of study tours before and after Nestle Altmentana Co . SWITZERI.AN0 Congress . Extensive hospitality program - September 1963 wlll be "lnterna- PALPrl CORONER. Chalrrnan a! tile Board. Grrlernl Eectrc Company. u s A. t~oralManagement Month" - New York Hllton to be Congress headquarters . JORGE ROSS. President C8a Salltrera lqul quc CHILE Congress Sponsor: Comite International de I'orgdnisation Scientifique (CIOS) DR P KUIN. Managing o~rector Unrlrver Geneva, Sw~tzerland. N V NETHERLANDS LORD ROBENS. Chatrrnan. Natlanal Coal CongressHost. Council for International Progress in Management (CIPMI Board. GREAT BRITAIN New York City, U.S.A. TAIZO ISHIZAKA. Pres8dent. Federalton of tcononlic Organ~zattons.JAPAN For complete program information please flll out and mail coupon to: SIR HARRY PILKINGTON. Charman. P~Iklng ton Brothers. Lld . Great Brltaln CHARLES H MALIK. Prolessor American Umvers~ty.LEBANON 0 HERMAN ABS. Chalrman of the Board. Oeutsche Bank. GERMANY lnternational Management Congress ALVARO ALSOGARAY. Farmer Mmtrter of Economy. ARGENTINA 247 Park Avenue. New York 17, U.S.A. GIUSEPPE CARDINAL SIR1 Italy WALTER SCHEEL. Federal M~msterfor Em. Please send me the complete Congress program. nomlc Cooperatron and Development Ad GERMANY S WALTER ROSTOFT. Presrdent. Federatron --(name) (title) o! Narweg~anIndustr8es. Norway ". . . the theme of the Congress. 'Hu- -- man Progress Through Better Manage- (argantiatron) ment', identifies a great need of our time: To improve the standards of living --(city) (country) of all peoples through effective utilization of human and material re- Pleare enter my reglrtratton ($150 U.S.A.. SlW other countner)

sources.. .I' John F. Kennedy payment enclosed B~IIme B~Imy company

Special Libraries Association will portkipate in the Congress by organizing a management librory and exhibit of informotion-handling techniques and distributing to all delegates o bibliography, "Literoture of Executive Management: SLA Bibliography No. 5." JUST OFF THE PRESS!

Hit of the 1963 SLA Convention

The "DSL"-767 cri~~ly-~rinted 8'/2" r 1 I" pages-lists 10.500 information units, including fdcil ities in industrial, business, 90" ernmental, trade. educational research, professional, and other organizations and institutions

Analytical subject index covers more than 1,600 topics

Listings give fourteen valuable facts about each library, such as address and telephone number name of sponsoring organization. area of specialization, names of person in charge and of principal staff members, size of holdings services available, etc.

Edited by Anthony T. Kruzas Assistant Professor of Library Science University of Michigan

With the Counsel of on SiA Soeciol Committee

Foreword by Bill M. Woods Executive Director Special Libraries Association

$25

ORDER OM APPROVAL