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Conseruationstqtus. Included on the 1990Priodty SpeciesLtstasSpyridium rotundifoliumbuttrow more populations are known and the speciesis no longer consideredto be at dsk.

Noles. Charactedst:\csof P. rotundifolium that Ne typical of the genus Pomaderris include the conspicuousannular disc (commonamong Western Australian species butnot amongthose fiom other states),long denseindumentum on the ovary summit,deeply divided style (sometimesalmost split into 3 distinct styles)and half-inferior schizocarpwith a basalvalve on eachfruitlet. P. rotundifoltumhas more prominent bractsand shorterpedicels than all or nearly all other membersof the genus,giving its inflorescencea more head-likeappearance. It also has very well deyelopedpetals with a hooded lamina enclosing an anther in bud, whereasmost Pomaderris specieseither lack petals or have a reduced lamina. Uncertainty over the species'generic placementhas resulted from these unusual characteristicsand the dearthof fruits, with only one fruiting specimenknown, and perhapsalso from the admixture of an unrelated Splridium speciesamong the specimens.

Prior to recentwork on the family, Spyridium tricolor specimensat PERTH werehoused, together with thoseof P. rotundtfulium, underthe nameSpjridium rotundifolium. Confusionbetween the two taxa was due to their overlappinggeographical ranges and a superficialmorphological similarity, both specieshaving broad leavesand large bractssurrounding the flower ciusters. A closer examination of the leaves,flowers and fruits revealedmany differences,with each specieshaving inflorescence, disc, fruit and aril charactersindicative of the genusin which it is now placed.

Trymalium myrtillus subsp.pungens Rye, subsp.nov.

A TrymaLiomyrtillio slbsp. myrtillio ramulis sPinescentibus,foliis parvioribus differt.

Typus: 34 km south-eastof Ongerup,Western Australia, 28 October 1976,K. Newbey 5007 (holo: PERTH 0332414riso: CANB).

SpinescentbranchletJ numerous,stout, 3-l I mm lo[g. PetioLes0.2-0.5 mm long. Leaf blades conduplicateat first, obovate,2.3-4.0 mm long, approximately1-1.5 mm wide, rather sparselyhairy on the recurved margins and midvein of undersurfaceand with a densewhite indumentumbetween the midvein and recurvedmargins, the hairs simple,antrorse and 0.2-0.3 mm long; upper surlace(not including recurved margins) with a sparseindumentum much shorterthan that on undersurface,the hairs sometimes2-branched to stellate. Flowers |.8-2.3 mm in diameter. (Figure 1)

Other specimenexdrzlned. WESTERN AUSTRALIA: Near Lake Grace,30/911933, W.E. Blackall 3198(PERTH).

Distribution and hobilal. Recordedfrom nearLake Graceand from south-eastof Ongerup,the latter "well locality an exposed slight ridge with drained stoney, crumbly red clayey loam/clay/dolerite dyke".

Flowering perlod. Flowers recordedSeptember October and fruits recordedin late October.

Conservation stalrs. Known from only two collections, neither of which appearsto be from a conservationreserve. No attempthas been madeto suryeythis taxon, which is now included on the Pdodty Flora List as a Priodty 1 taxon. '8ur,{rp uo sJe,rog eql Jo eSogurrqsrelrcr8 ur Suqlnsar sdeq:ad'passardlle,\\ ssal eru suerurcads,{1rds erour aql trr{l toeJar]t ol enp,{yued eq,(eur srqt tnq sarcedsqnsed,(1eq; u€ql sre,rog relpus e^"q ot sJ€edd€oslB sua?und dsqng punoJsrsaaStrd dsqns eJeq,laol Jesolcseere crseur uour eql ur 3uu:ncco esoqlueql ,(rreqeroru ecEJJns reddn eq] qlr,n se,ruel Je8J€la^uq ol puel a8uur lEarqdul8oa8str Jo slrd pw eiour eqt \\or! snnlu|w dsqns;o suerurcedg 'uerurceds 'qlSuel runrreqreqqcre uo Surunccose,teel 1sa8m1 eql uro.rJue{"1 ere,r eloued eql opnlour 'stueureJnsBe:lu qrrq,^d eseql suaSutld dsqns ur urur g l-l x g t-g Z qtl,adpe:edruoc ulru t-g I x 'uox€l g ZI-S t Jo slueurernsEeurJuel qlr,^d alqErlE^pue puerdsepr,nraour qcnure st srJTrtl,{u dsqng 'sz71i,r{u :dsqnsgo uerurcadspe,ruallselprus eql;o asoqtSuqpnba se,,Lee1suq Joqto oql pur seneds aql ur uA,\oDIser\eel lsell€rus sql seq euo "rra8!fid dsqnssn wKw J lo suerurcadso,rl 3qt Jo

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Synopsis and keys

Pomaderris Labill.

A large genus occuning acrosssouthern Australia and from north-eastemQueensland south to Tasmania and also in New Zealand, with the greatestnumbers of speciesoccurring in New South Wales andVictoria. There arefive speciesknown only from WesternAustralia and two speciesshared with other regions. The geographicaldistributions of the sevenWestem Austalian speciesare given in Figure 2. Some charactedsticsof the genusare as follows: cymesusually with long conspicuous pedicels and often condensedinto an umbellike cluster, rarely with short pedicels and headlike; petals (in nearly all species)either reduced,with the lamina not enclosingan anther,or absent;disc absent or annular; ovary summit with long erect hairs (in western and most easternAustralian species):schizocarp partially inferior; fruitlets (in nearly all species)crustaceous with a chartaceous to membranousbasal valve. Mostof thesecharacters are illusbated in Figure 3, for examplethe basal valve on the fruitlet in Fisure 3J.

1. Stigmatic lobes 2. Fruitlets longitudinally dehiscentalong the middle of the adaxial sudaca and halfway down the abaxial suface, without a basal valve ... P. bilocularis t. Stigmatic lobes 3. Fruitlets with a membranousto chadaceousbasal valve on the adaxial surface 2. Flowers either shortly pedicellateor lacking petals. Style deeply divided into 3 branches 3. Pedicelsshort, hidden by bracts. Petalspresent. Disc conspicuous, annular P. rotundifolia 3. Pedicelslong, conspicuous. Petals absent. Disc absent...... P. paniculosa 3a. Leaves stellate-hairyon upper surface. Recordedfrom sand and non-calcareousrocks on the mainland,usually inland ...... subsp. paniculosa 3a. Leaves glabrous on upper surface. Recordedfrom coastallimestone on an islandof RechercheArchipelago ...... subsp. paralia 2. Flowers long-pedicellate,with petals. Style 3-lobed (lobes shorter than the entire portion of style) 4. Leaves narrowly ovate or ovate,45-150(200) rnm long. Petal limb broad with a truncatebase. Disc inconspicuous P. grandis 4. Leaves obovate or oblong-elliptic to circular or obcordate,3-26 mm long. Petal limb either not expandedor tapering to a claw. Disc prominent, annular 5. Petals spathulatewith a broad, almost circular limb. Ovary summit with very long hairs surounded by a region of very sho hairs, sometimes also with a distinctouter glabrous border...... P. forrestiana 5. Petals linear to narowly spathulate. Ovary summit with long hairs surroundedby the glabrousdisc, without an area of short hairs 6. Leaves 3 7 mm long. Sepals 1-1.5 rffn long at anthesis,c. 2 mm long in fruit, persistent. Petals glabrous P. brevifolia 6. Leaves8-26 mm long. Sepals1.5-2.7 mm long at anthesis, 2-3 mm long in fruit, deciduous.Petals usually hairy outside ...... P. myrtilloides ' L sapntuthrDpoqayJ8ats' a Dllo{1pune[d- (J :saptollllrfu d - J 'L 'a ' - 'd : l Dl,od'dsqns DsovrluDdd DroqxluDddsqns Dsopctuod d slplm8 d a Daollsarro{'d q :a ol|o!^arq 'LstJoqcolq 'Z sltDpmnod - V erlp.BsnvureNa,rd ul sel.edsotpa14321s prl'- slrrapowodJo uognqlnsr0 rrnS!tr

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Pomaderris bilocularis A.S. George- occursin lateritic soils,usually in gravelly sandor on lateritic ridges, in woodlands dominatedby Eucolyptusor Allocusuarina speciesor in heathlands. Extends from Tutanning Reserye south-eastto near Dumbleyung, all but one of the known populations occuning on reserves.Flowers: October-April. Fruits:May, August. Shrub0.4-1 m high. Schizocarp c. half inferior. This speciesis atypical of Pomaderrisin havinga gynoeciumof 2 (ratherthan 3) fused carpels and in lacking a basal valve on the fruitlets, but otherwisehas all the typical charactedstics of the genus. Priority 4 (Figure 3A-E)

Pomaderris brevifolia N.G. Walsh - occursin clay or sandysoils, often on rocky sites,commonly in woodlandsdominatedby mallee(Eucalyptus) sp€cies. Extends fiom Stirling Rangeeast to CapeArid National Park. Flowers: JanuaryAugust. Fruits: August-October. Shrub 0.3-1.2(2) m high. Schizocarpc. half inferior. (Walsh 1994: Figure l)

Pomaderris forrestiana F. Muell. - recordedmainly on rocky sites,occurring on limestonealong the coastand on a vadety ofrock substratesinland, from Broad Arrow (north ofKalgoorlie) southto near McPhersonRock (southof Norseman)and along the coastof th€ GreatAushalian Bight fiom Toolinna Cove eastto Wilson Bluff on the SouthAustralian border. Also occursin SouthAustralia. Flowers: May-October. Fruits: August-November.Shrub 0.4-1.5 m high. Schizocaryc. half inferior. Pomaderris mayeri C.A. Gardner (Canning & Jessop1986: Figure 4288)

Pomaderris grandis F. Muell. - occurs in rocky gullies on the s)opesof Mt Manypeaks, a very restricted endemic. Flowers: July-October. Fruits: October-November. Shrub 1-4.5 rn high. Schizocarpc. halfinferior. This speciesis abundantafter fires (G.J. Keighery pers.comm.). Priority 4 (Figure 3F-J)

Pomaderris myrtilloides Fenzl - occursin coastalyegetation, on limestoneor in deepsand, extending along the southcoast from Albany eastto Eucla. Flowers:February July. Fruits: August-November. Shrub0.3'1.5(2) m high. Schizocarpc. one-thirdinferior. Thereare two variants.

typical variant- widespreadin the species'range but appearsto occurmorecommonly on limestone than on sand dunes. Leaves glabrous or almost glabrous on the adaxial strface. PomcLderris myrtiLloidesvar. major Benth., P. stenopetalaF. Muell.

hairy variant occursmainly on sanddunes, recorded at BeaufortInlet and liom FitzgeraldRiver National Park eastto Esperance.Leaves densely hairy on both surtaces. This variant tendsto have larger leavesand sepalsthan the typical variant but thesecharacters overlap too much to be useful in distinguishing them. Pomaderris sp.2 (G.J. Keighery 6O99)

Pomaderris paniculosaF. Musll. ex Reissek- distributedin southernAustralia. Shrub0.4-1.6 m high. Schizocarp c. three-quartersinferior.

subsp.paniculosa - recordedin stony soil and in sand,often along watercoursesor drainagelines, extending from near Ongerupeast to Cape Le Grand. Also occurs in South Australia, Victoria and possiblyNew SouthWales. Flowers:July October.Fruits: October. (Walsh 1990:Figure 3)

subsp. paralia N.G. Walsh - recorded on the limestone cliffs of Middle Island, Recherche Archipelago.Also occursin SouthAustralia, Victoriaand Tasmania. Flowers: November. The name Pomaderris orariaF. Muell. hasbeen misapplied to this subspecies.Subsp.,rardlla usually has larger Ieavesthan subsp.paniculosa. Prio ty 2 (Walsh 1990: Figure 4) (t-D La88tuaq8Dxt 9 pue(H-O 986t/01/I ms?rrrd O 'G - '(A'A,n6t,!r!4nd'S'(J-V\6961/trcZa]roaDS V ujo{u^\ErC /x)ImpuBpeas-)'(9 Zx)laTrIruJJo^\eplxDpx f'(9x) lln{ '(9x) '(tx) 'l - g SuosrqapI ra./rrou8unotr 'H sotndls D'(IY) qtuerqSuue.tog stpuor,3suDptluod t d:(8x)l6lrtnlJ pacsrqaP 'g- '(8x)trn{Suosrqep('(9x)m.,i\o$ J'(gx) relsnl.re^\ou- g'(lx) qsuHqBurc^\ou- V sllDltttolqlurapDtllrd V CernS!tr ffi

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116 NuyhiaVol. 11, No. I (1996) I

Pomaderris rotundifolia (F. Muell.) Rye recordedin clayey or limestonesoils, often in woodlands I dominatedby mallee (Eucalyptus) speaies.Extends from GrassPatch and Scaddeneast to CapeArid National Park. Flowers: June-September. Fruits: September-October. Shrub 0.2-1.5 m high. Schizocarp c. two-thirds inferror. Cryptandrq rotundifolid (F. Muell.) F Muell , Spyridium rotundfolium F. M:uell,.

Siegfriedia C.A. Gardner

A monotypic genusendemic to Western Australia. Its distribution is given in Figure lD. It is distinguished fiom all other genera of Rhamnaceaein south-westernAustralia by its opposite- decussateleaves, very prominent involucral bractsenclosing the flowers in a bell-like inflorescence, and long-gxsertedstamens. Thesecharacters are found in a few membersof a number of unrelated generaincluding Daneinia (Myrtaceae)ar.d Pimelea (Thymelaeaceae), presumably in responseto the sameselection pressures. Among the Rhamnaceae,Siegfriedia appealsto be closestto Pomaderris, having the sametype of fruit with a membranousto chartaceousbasal valve on eachfruitlet. some other charactersworth noting in Slegfriedia are:btacts denticulate;pedicels long; flowers 4-merous; petalSabsent; style exserted,with a 3Jobed apex; schizocarpabout half-inferior, with 3 fruitlets; aril basal, clear-translucent,3lobed.

Siegfriedia darwinioid€s C.A. Gardner- occursmainly in sandyclay, often with gravel or on rocky sites. Extendsfrom betweenOngerup and Stirling Rangeeast to neal Stalvation Boat Halbour, with most recordsfiom the Ravensthorpearea. Flowers:April-August. Fruits: August-November. Shrub 0.3-1 m high. The variation within this species,for example in the inflorescencestructure, needs further study. Priority 3 (Figure 4)

Spyridium Fenzl

A southern Australian genus with the greatestnumber of speciesin South Australia, also well representedin WesternAusbalia and sxtendingto Victoria and south easternNew SouthWales, and with a few endemic speciesin Tasnania. Most of the 15 speciesin WesternAushalia are endemic. Characteristics of the Western Australian species are outlined in Rye (1995a: 120) and their geographicaldistributions are shown in Figures 5 and 6. Some speciespreviously included in the gents Spyridium have been transferredto Stenanthemum(Rye 1995b) and one to Pomaderris

Westem Australian speciesfall into three groups, referred to here as the SpYridium cordatum, S. globulosum and S. oligocephalumgroups. The tirst group, comprising.S.cordatum, S glaucum' S. microcephalum,S. minutum, S. mucronatum anclS. tricolor, hasdiscrete triangular disc lobes and an inflorescenceeither ofvery small cymes(usually 2- or3-flowered) or of small head-likecondensed cymes terminating leafy branchlets. The S. globulosum group, also containing S. majoranfolium, S. montanum,S. riparium, S. spadiceum andS. villosum, has discreteemarginate disc lobes that are broadly oblong to tlansverselyelliptic. In this group the inflorescenceusually consistsof medium- to large-sizedcymes with obvious brancheseach bearing a few flowers or (especially in S. majoranifolium) of apparently axillary, condensedcymes resembling heads. The last group, comprising S. oligocephal.um,S. polycephalum,and S. subochreatum,is distinguishedfrom both the preceding groups by the stipule charactefsdescribed in the key and its undulate annular disc. Its inflorescenceis of head like condensedcymes.

One taxon excluded from this account is Spyridium paucrflorum (Turcz ) Benth.' based on Cryptandra pauciflora Turcz. The type collection, probably from the Stirling Range-Albany-Mt s8ung:eur$up Jaqtoro stods U?p snol^qo qll,rt u.a\oJq-,,$ollo^speas Suol ulul g 0 I 0 spdes uo srttq lse8lul eqt 'eplslno unlueunpul pezls-runtpgulot Uoqs E qlIA\ srs,{\olC 'z urnlBqdaJdlod'g s8uqmur re{Jlp snor^qolnoqll,\\'(esEq IJep E e^oqu) u,norq e8ue.ro 'fJI€q 'z spaeg 3uo1urur E l-l 0 slDdesuo slleq lse8.releql ^re^ sle,tolC lru(uns ,{:u,\o,{lreq eql eloq€ Surr peqol ro glrlnpun uE ruroJ ol sueru€lseql:epun Surnuquoc'JElnuue csIC ]ItrJuns 'uJot 'lutod eql 1Bee4 lnq ecu€lslpeuos ro; peltun rrcd qJ€e ,(lrpuer .I snonprtepuoqs E qll,tr selrJlleurosJo elncv'fJaded pue e8rel selndq5

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unuow{qpw untpu&l|'Dtpau}3a$'sulapowod'etd -I g 118 NuylsiaVol.11,No. 1 (1996)

3. Stiputesand bracts deep red-brown. Sepal hairs c. 0.1 mm long (often c. 0.2 rnm long in South Austalia). Occuning on limestone at Toolinna...... S. subochreatum 3. Stipules and bracts orange-brown(giving the inflorescencea somewhatfemrginous appearanca).Sepal hairs 0.3-0.5 mm long. Occurring on non-calcareousrocks from Kalgan River to Fitzgerald RiverNational Park...... S. oligocephalum l stipules srnall and coriaceousin most species,if larg€ then long-acuminate, fairly resilient but tending to loose point or distal half with age, each pair either very shortly united at baseor fiee throughout.Disc of 5 lobes alternating with the stamensabove the hairy ovary summlt; Iobes either broadly oblong to tansvenely elliptic and emarginate,or triangular 4. Disc lobes more or less triangular, the apex of the triangle rnidway betweenadjacent pairs of stamens 5. Leaves appearingsessile, the short (0.3-0.5 mm) petiole appressed to the stem: blade 1-2.5 rnm long, very dorsally thickened,about as thick as broad. (Inflorescencec. 2-flowered.)...... S. minutum 5. Leaves with a distinct petiole 0.5-5 nm long; blade 2-80 mm long, broader than thick Floral tube with long erect (antrorse)hairs which are easily detached,becoming glabrous in fruit 7. Leaves almost circular, folded inwards, with incurved or flat margins. Bracts4-6 mm long ...... S. tricolor 7. Leaves linear to broadly ovate or cordate,not folded, with distinctly recurved or revolute margins. Bracts 1.5-3 mm long 8. Leavescordate or broadlyovate,2-5 mm long ...... S. cordatum 8. Leaves usually linear to oblong, sometimeselliptic or ovate, 4-9 mm long ...... S. microcephalum 6. Floral tube with short and/or long spreadinghairs, which persist in fruit 9. Leaves 2-4(4.5) x 0.8-1.5 mm, with a glabrousmucro. Bracts 1-2 Inm long, ciliate; outer surfaceglabrous or with minute hails concanftated along midvein ...... S. mucronatum 9a. Leaves1.4 1.6mm wide. Flowersusually c. 10 per head...... subsp. multiflorum 9a. Leaves 0.6-1.2 mm wide. Flowers usually 3-6 per head 9b. Leaves slightly recuryed at apex; mucro 0.1-0.3 mm long. Sepalswith hairs 0.2-0.4 nrn long. Occurring from Frank Hann NationalPark eastto nearCape Arid NationalPark...... subsp. mucronatum 9b. Leaves distinctly recurved at apex; mucro up to 0.1 rnm long. Sepalswith hairs 0.1-0.2 mm long. Occurring from Borden east to Ravensthorpe...... subsp. recurYum 9. Leaves 12-16 x 5-9 mm, with a hairy mucro. Bracts c. 3 rnm long; outersurface uniformly covered by sho appressedhairs ...... S. glaucum 4. Disc lobes broadly oblong to transverselyelliptic and emarginate 10. Leaves large, usually (20)25 80 x 10-37 mm but sometimessmaller on Abrolhos Islands, subtendedby small thick stipules. (Bracts hairy outside over most of surface.) r

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unso[l^'S a8uegBullrqs ol dnre8ug ruo:;'euolspuus Je^o saurrleuos's1tos ,{puvs uI paproce1 eceJ.rnsJsddn uo ^lr€q '8uol flesuep'epr,rrruru 9-S l urul ZZ ot dn'Jlldllla ol rceuITse^P3-I tl runaclpuds'S " ,{ucqlv le pu€ e8uvg dn:n8uoro6 ut slyrqcrlruur8 ol patoutseU ece;rnsreddn uo sno:qe18qnsSutuocaq 'epr,l.r urui gI l(g)'3uol tuul St ol dn'ete^o Jo ele,lo {1mo::uuse^ee-I tl ,{utqlv ot qlnos dnrefu6 ruo4 punof re,rol uo seuneuos ,{lqrssodro slllq uo Suurncc6 'snorqelSqnsSutruoceq seurqatuos 1nq Suno{ ueq,t ecu;rnsreddn uo ,{rreq,{lelnurur Flesuep '8uol luru gn-nlQl)'eplt\ luru gl-S puE "tE^o 01eIDAO ,{l,1 OXeU rO JSnlqOpU€ JlldlllJ 01lUeUIJ.Ieqlle So^UO-I €l 'S ' " 'sluuerls unFedl.r re^IU lleqcllhl ot lsBeJa^IU tue) ruol] peplocel lo sre,ru 3uo1uSurxncJo eceyns reddn uo snorqelSqns:o snorqtlS 'elna€'unu 'etE^o (g €)EZ-S I x LI-8 {Bro::uu:o fl,$o!eu fJe^ sa^De'I €T srluq lauoqs qcnu puE Suoyruu 9 g-y g srrcq e3.ru11oerntxllu € tpt,tr sludag sur8J€tulo pue qIJpnrJSuop'esuq lu srtq qtl,^\lnq snorqulS,{1e8ru1 slcelg 71 """ " run.rlogge.ro{uu|S (uur ll-gzx (tO\l-V 'J€lncJrJ tso(ulEo1 3uolqo ,{I,r,ro:-muse,teel) fluo sJlpquoqs q1t,,nto 3uo1 urur z 0 , sJreqpezrs urnrpau pue uoqs Jo uorluurqLuoJe qtt,,lts1eda5 'eJEJJns eqt JIEqupqt aJo(ura^o Jo lnoq8nojqt ,{JI€q,{lpnsn stc€lg zl selndqsurql eBrel ,(q papuetqnsueql $tq unaJlpDds S ul (urul gI x St 'ruur el dn) a8rrl sarurlorxos t t-S I x (€Z)8I-t pue lFurs ^lFnsn sa^l]a.I 0I unueluou'S e8ueg 3urp4g ur Surunccg soanJrnsqloq uo ^Jteq se,\€e'I sJIEqotrq,l.r uorls sEIIe,r su srruq snour8nue.;:Suoy qlt,t s:a,tog pue sruets3uno1 I1 runsolnqolS'g tseoc eqt ol pelcrlseu e^oqe snoJqel8,{lFnsnse^Ee'I sJrEqetrq,r Uoqs ro Suol qtr,r sJs,rolJ:sJrBq 3trq,r-JJo Jo olrq,'rAUotls qll/t,\slxets Sunoa 11

6II wn1DutuIpuE unlplttds oipau|Ba1S'sllraptruod'xtd 1 g 720 NuyhiaVol. 11,No. 1(1996)

, Kalgoorlie

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v L'*t, "

B , Kalgoorlie

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Figur€ 5, Distributiol of the Splridium cordatum grottp in Westem Australia. A - Spyridium cordatumO, S. minutuma: B-5. glaucumv , S. ticolor a; C - S. microcephalumiD- S. mucronatumsubsp fiucronatum a, S. mucronatumsidbsp. multiflorurlt L, S. mucrohatutrrsubsp.recunun f 'slu€I.IE,\Sulpur8jelul o,{\l sEq runlDqd oJJlut wntpu[dg wnpproJ s ]epun pequJsapsE suerulJ3ds otBlpeuletut e.IE eroqt lnq'f,slp re8rul ,(1lunsn eql ur pup,noyeq Surleeutssel .ro eJou sut8reutpe,l.Incer qll{\ sa^Eelle,{\orlEu aql ul SulleJJIp1nq unppro) S ol pelEleJ{yeso13 q8tq ru g I-I 0 qruqs Jequa^oN-qllst{ ,{lule(u :qInIJ put sJe,l\old 'lzueC -selndrlsel"crlep eJourpu€ se^uel pelutod ,{pueuruo:d eloul qlIA\ selcedsD unlDqdaJoua wtllpukls "lnvu aqlrepun pesnoqeq ,{lqpqordplno,\\ 'tslxo ^eqlJI 'eJeqtsuerulceds tnq EIIcl]snVqlnos uo{ pepJocertoN eJ,{Eol tsEee^JeseU 8uqcolo8uo6 ulor; spuelxg serceds(sr tdqDing) eeIIEwKq 's[os pe]€urluopuorlele?e,l ur ,{1uou[uoc'auolseulll uo ug]JolsBe eq] ul culurlS lo,{11e,ler3ur ua1,1o 'sllrq ',{elc lse,r eqt ur uo seuqeuros ro puasur srncJo qluog ( zcrnJ) unpqdaJoJJltr utnlplJdds

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wnqnutuIpueun1putuls'DlpauJB ats' turapouod'otd 1 g NuytsiaVol.11, No. 1 (1996)

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Figure 6. Distribution of the Sprridium globulosum rd S. oligocephalumg:Iolups in Westem Australia. A - Spyridiunt globulaswna, S. montanuma: B - S. najoranfulium: C - S. oliqocephalumf , S.polycephaluma, S. subochreatum va\ subochrcatuma;D - S.ripariu f ,S. spadiceuma,S. villosuma. 'zatn1 wtllDLldnQod wntlowitl qBIq ru I -€ 0 qnJqs laque,\oN ludy :s1rnrgpur? sre^\olC IrEd lcuoueN prry adca ur prrv lt{ ol tsee qlluslJleH J€eu tuo4 'spuelqnrqs spuelxg serceds(snl(l,tp)nq) "":fuw fq pat€ururop^luouluroc JellBI 3ql ro spu€lqlEequl peprocer'sllrq ^Icor uo uego 'slos ,{puusut {1umutstnoco - e,{X ( zorn1) runpqdaJ,tlod unlpg,{ds

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'D1pa14Ra1S'sM,PDwod'a[d unnDwtLprm wnlpu{ds T A NuytsiaVol. I1, No.1 (1996)

Spyridium ripariumRye- occursalong rivers andstreams, in sandyorgravelly soil overlying lateritic soil, extending from Kent River eastto Mitchell River. Flowers and fruits: July-November. Shrub 1-1.5 m high. Priority 1 (Rye 1995a:Figure 2O-S)

Spyridium spadiceum (Fenzl) Benth. - occurson granitic hills in PorongurupRange and at Albany, one record giving the vegetation as a thicket and another as Eucalyptus megacarpa woodland. Flowers and fruits: October-February. Shrub 0.5-3 m high, usually with a prominent fenuginous indumentumon th€ young shoots. Cryptdndraspadicea (Fenzl) F. Muell., Pomaderris hirsutaSteud., Spyridium spadiceum var. spadiceum, Trymalium spadiceum Fenzl, T. thomastoides Tttcz. Priority 2 (Rye 1995a:Figure 3A-D)

Spyridium subochreatum (F. Muell.) Reissek var. subochreatum - recorded from Toolinna, in limestone habitats with Benksia shrublandsor Eucalyptusspecies with a mallee habit. Also occurs in South Australia, Victoria and possibly New South Wales. (A second variety, Spyridium subochreqtum var. Iaxiusculum J.M. Black, distinguished by its less compact inflorescences,is restricted to South Australia.) Flowers and fruits: April-May, October. Fruits recorded October. Shrub 0.1-0.3 m high. The few Western Austalian specimenscan be readily distinguishedfrom related speciesby the very short indumentum on the flowers and have large greyish green leaves 10-16 x 2-6 mm. However, if additionalwestem populations are located,the indumentumlength and leaf size may prove to overlap more with thoseof the closely related speciesS. oLigocephalumand S. polycephalum. Certainly SouthAustralian specimensof S. subochreatumare much more variable in leaf size and they occasionallyhave leavesbecoming glabrous above. Cryptandrq subochreata (F. Muell.) F. Muell., Pomaderris subochreataReissek nom. illeg., Trymalium Deftrli F. Muell. ex Reissek,?. subochreatumF. Muell. Priority 2 (Canning& Jessop1986: Figure 430D)

Spyddium tricolor W.R. Barker & Rye - occurs in sandy soil with limestone,often in shrublands dominatedby mallee (Eucalyptus)speeies. Extends from CapeArid National Park north-eastto near Eyre. Also occurs in South Australia. Flowers: all year. Fruits: recordedJuly. Shrub 0.3-1.5(3) m high. (Barker& Rye 1993:Figure l)

Spyridium villosum (Turcz.) Benth. - known from one location in the easternpart of Stirling Range, occurring in sand over sandstone,with an atypical specimenrecorded from Ongerup in sandy soil. Flowers: October-November. Shrub 0.1-0.4 m high. Although the atypical specimen(E.J. Croxford 6644) hasbroader leaves and longer hairson the sepalslike Spyridiumspadiceum, it appearsto match S. villosum more closely. More collections are neededto determinehow distinct the two taxa are. Cryptantlra villosa Turcz. Priority 2 (Rye 1995a:Figure 3E-H)

Trymalium Fenzl

A primarily Western Austalian genus,comprising I I speciesendemic to Western Australia, a single speciesendemic to South Australia and two endemicto Victoda. Geographicaldistributions for the WesternAustalian taxa are given in Figures7 and 8. Characteristicsofthe genusas a whole areoutlined in Rye (1995a:131). Most specieshave an unusualdehiscence ofthe schizocarp,which splits around the basein an irregular mannerto releasethe fruitlets. Excluded ftom the genusis the Western Australian speciesthat has been known ertheras Trymalium wichurae Nees ex Reissekor Cryptandra wlcharae (Nees ex Reissek)C.A. Gardner. This speciesis atypical of both generaand Kevin Thiele (pers. comm.) intends to circumscribea new genusincorporating this and an eastern Australian species,both originally describedunder the genus Trymalium. 'lwnpu quol['J lo sebedsqnso^! eql uoo^leq eplparlralur 'L wfip{tu| dsqr\sunpunquoL[ l'v wnp nqlroL!dsqns unpunquoL[ J - J lunpluqdDp I - g :a wnntu{doltzD\aJ ' ', a unrob[lsuap J' L wnqol!$n3aD wnl'ut-ry - V erlEDsnvruoNo/A ur salc?dswn\olttfuJ lo uorrnqlqsrc aJnSld

'DlpanJB 'suraptTutod'eA\'1 unllDuf4ptre u ryu(ds aIS g Y

126 Nuytsiavol. 11.No. I (1996)

1. Ovary hairy but in most speciessunounded (and often hidden at first) by a glabrous disc. Schizocarphairy abovethe disc 2. Indumentum of simple hairs, the young st€msand upper surfaceof leavesrather sparselyhairy, the lower surfaceof leavesdensely hairy. Disc denselypapillose...... T. angustifolium 2. Indumentum of long simple hairs and sho stellatehairs, the young stems and leavesdensely hairy throughoutor the upper sudace of leavesglabrous to sparselyhairy. Disc glabrous or stellate-hairy 3. Stipules usually deciduous,if pe$istent then not denselyarlanged. Leaves large, over 10 mm long 4. Inflorescencevery hairy; pedicels with many hairs-0.4-0.7tnm long; sepalsvillous throughout without any small hairs visible, the long terminalhairs extending l-1.5 mm beyondthe apex...... T. venustum 4. Inflorescencenot so obviously hairy; pedicelswith short hairs alone or also with scatteredhairs 0.2-0.4 mm long; sepalsalmost glabrous or with short hairs, sometimesalso with long hairs extendingup to 0.6 mrn beyond apex 5. Leaves narowly ovate to more or less circular or (in T. litorale) sometim€sobovate or broadly so; lower surfacewith minute hairs or with a mixture of long patent hairs and minute hairs; upper surface usually rather dull, hairy throughout or with rows of hairs on the indented midvein and usually also on the main lateral veins 6. Leaves narrowly to very broadly ovate or more or less circular; upper surfacelargely glabrousor with scatteredlong patent simple hairs. Sepalsusually either distinctly less denselyhairy than floral tube or with short hairs mixed with long hairs which protrude 0.3-0.6mm from the sepalapex...... T.floribundum 6a. Leaves nanowly ovate or ovat€, 12 50(95) mm long, usually obtuse,with scatteredlong patent hairs on upper surface. Stigmaticlobes 2 in all or mostflowers...... subsp. floribundum 6a. Leaves narowly ovate to almost circular, (20)35-130 mm long, usually acuteto attenuate,usually glabrousabove except on the main veins, if hairy then usually broadly ovate to circular. Stigmaticlobes 3 in all or mostflowe$...... subsp.trilidum 6. Leavesovate-elliptic to obovateor broadly so; upper surfacewith a denseindumentum of short stellatehairs. Sepalswith a similar shortindumentum to that of the floral tube ...... T. litorale 5. Leaves obovate or narrowly obovate:lower surfacewith long antrorse hairs; upper surfaceshiny, either completely glabrousor with a row of hairs on the deeply indentedmidvein. (Sepalsdensely hairy, the indumentumsimilar to that of floral tube.)...... T. spatulatum 3. Stipules persistentin a densearrangement on the branchletsafter leaves shed. Leavessmall, less than 10 mm long 7. Inflorescenceof condensedhead-like cymes; pedicels0.2-0.3 mm long at anthesis.Disc stellate-hairy ..... T. densiflorum 7. Inflorescenceof elongatecymes; pedicels 0.5-2 mm long at anthesis. Disc slabrous (3-ytr ejn8rg :€9661s.{d) I dllrolrd ueeslou dJDcozrqcsq8rq ur T r qnJqs tsnSnv :sra,\\olC trqBq eellptu p qlr^\ se:L.edssad(lDJng c ,{q peleuruop uortEle8e^ur '8uru,{eJJ 'uarurceds JEeultos per ur pelcalloc suo ruo4,{luo umoul - e,{6 urmogrsuap ungptu,{ra

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-1 un !lDw tu J pug wnlp i1kls' o tpa u F a1 S's u r ?pDwo 4' e i11 g 728 NuytsiaVol.11, No. 1 (1996)

t! . Moora *u,n,Kulsoo'l'l;' "t ;- .v""a;n' ' t:.a ,. a a ao o .t 't

Figure E. Disrribution of Trymaliwn speciesin Westem Aust alia. A - I ledifolium var. Iedifolium | , T. Iedifolium vo'r lineare lD,T. Iitoralea; B -T. ledifolium\ax rosmarinifolium;C'T. mrrtillus subsp.m,/tllrs a'T myrtillus stjibsp.punlensO,T. urceolareA: D -T. spatulatumY, T. venustuma. seulleuros) sJrpqet€llets pel€ltEcs e^€q ol puel lsa,{\-qlnoseura1lxe eql o1afuug SutFeq eql lo lrud uleqlnos aqt ruo4 sueutrcedS sluEIJ€^.Iaqto eql llt uuql sledes,{:req eJoul e^€q ol puel oslE^oql put ece;rnsreddn eql uo ^JrEqse^eel eqt e^€qe8u€d ?uIIreCeql ul suolulcadspe,\€31-e1e8uole eql1o eruos 'sple,tquou :sur8.rcruetnlo^er €.rou qll{\ salEel stBBuoleerou .reBuolsvq ueuo ll puc a8uvS Suqreq 'JeeuIT '€ell? eq] uI lDU lnq lsotulE pue ,4\o!€u eJ€ s3^l?eleql dnuofo)-looJg dn'{og-ut8a16 lllls 'sluPul],\ eql q eguEu SurFqg o1 lsva dn8uqp; ruor; uot8er eql ul ,{lFrcedse o,{l reqlo eqt uEql 'reuoqs se,\€elJeu€g wq ,{ll€nsnlI ,(pnlsJequnJ Jo pe3u ul uoxel elqElJe,t,4re,r y punog e8roeg 8ul) o] ls?e-qlnospuE €lFJlsnV urelseldJo lse,t-qlnos rltJelll ol qlnos {eel3 olpulooJ luo4 spuelxA 's$ercJ 'SEJJE snd(l7Jt\g ol spuDlqleeqlPls€oc ,\\ol ruo.r;8ut,{rv,t suoqenlls ul rtltuelS pur rtltratel ur pvejdsepr,rr'pups ur {luoruluoc ssello ,{El3uI sJnoco- qlueg ( pnels) urnlloJlulJBtnso|rE^

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'suapDuod'ef,il 'l wn1toutuJpuE unipu(ds Dlpat48a\S g 130 NuytsiaVol.11, No. I (1996) also scatteredsimple hairs) on the schizocarps,which are glabrouson other specimens. Cryptarulra anomaLaSte\d.,C. glaucophyllaSkud,., C.westringiifulia(Steud.)F.Mtell.,Pomaderris rosmarinifulia Ste\d., P. westringiifulia Steud.,Spyridium westringiifolium (Steud.)Benth., ?Trymaliumletlifulium var. platyphyllum Diels (type not located), T. rosmarinifulium (Steud.) Reissek, ?7. yaccinioides Suesseng.(type not located), T. westringiifolium (Steud.)Reissek

var. lineare Rye - mainly recordedin gravelly soils or on lateritic ridgesbut sometimesassociated with granite, in woodlands (usually dominated by Eucalyptus species)or in shrublands,extending ftom near Calingiri south to nearWickepin. (Rye 1995a:Figure 4J,K)

Trymalium litorale (Diels) Domin - known only from Cape Riche and Bremer Bay, recorded on coastal granite. Flowers and young fruits: July-September. Shrub height unknown. Mature schizocarpnot seen. A poorly known taxon closely relatedto Trymalium yenustum,T. floriburulum and T. spetulutum but readily identified by the whitish, minutely stellatehairy upper surface on its leaves. Trymalium billardierei yar. litorele Diels Priority I (Rye 1995a:Figure 5A)

Trymalium myrtillus S. Moore - occurs mainly in clay or sandy clay, sometimesassociated with granite or other types ofrocks, commonly in low to tall shrublands.Extends from Die Hardy Range southto nearBremerBay andfrom nearLakeGrace eastto Balladonia. Flowers;July-October. Fruits: August-November. Shrub 0.5-3 m high. Schizocarplargely to fully inferior, regularly dehiscent.

subsp.myrtillus - extendsfrom Die Hardy Range south to near Bremer Bay and south-eastto Balladonia. One specimentiom BremerRiver (KR. Newbey4359), inthefar south westofthe taxon's disftibution, is unique in having many of the leaves3-toothed at the apex. (Diels & Pritzel 1905: Figure 44E-G)

subsp.pungens Rye - seeearlier description. Priority I

Trymalium spatulatum (Labill.) Ostenl - occu6 on granitic hills and other elevatedrocky sites, apparentlyoften in rock crevices. An isolatedrecord from FitzgeraldRiver National Park, otherwise extendingfrom Esperanceeast to Mt Baring (CapeArid National Park) and Middle Island. Flowers: July September.Fruits: September-October. Shrub 1.2-3mhigh. Schizocarp over halfto almosttwo- thirds inferior, iregularly dehiscent. The useof the nameTrymalium spatalaltn is in doubt because it possibly should be regarded as a later homonym of a taxonomic synonym of Spyritlium spathulatum F. Muell., a speciesoccurring in South Ausbalia and Victoria. Ceanothusspatulqtus Labill., Cryptandra billardierei (Fenzl)F.Mrell., Pomederrisspatulata (Labill.) G.Don,Trymalium billardierei Fenzl nom. illep.

Trymalium urceolare (F. Muell.) Diels - occursin reddishor brown clayey soils, often with lateritic gravel, usually in woodlands, oiien dominated by Wandoo (Eucalyptus wandoo). Extends from Moora south to the Bindoon area. Flowers: July-September.Fruits: September-November.Shrub c. I m high. Schizocarp inferior, irregularly dehiscent. Trymdlium billardierei yar. urceolare F. Muell. Priority 2 (Diels & Pritzel1905: Figure 44H,J; Rye 1995a:Figure 6)

Trymalium venustum Rye - occurs in sandy soil, often on laterite or with lateritic gravel, in Jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata) forcst, sometimesalso with Karri (EucaLlptusdiversicolor) trees. Extends fiom north-eastof Northcliffe eastto Mitchell River and Denmark. Flowers: July September,also recordedJanuary-February. Young fruits:August. Shrub1.5-4(6) m high. Matureschizocarp not seen. (Rye 1995a:Figure 5B-D) ( Erlelsnv urelse/A:a$tlncu8v]o rde() Z9t-9St dd I upd., uo€euqlodar$JoBrold,, ?1,r, C N luBqcrsl{. uI ececEuurvquIl.flured G86I) U f'releaqrt 'III-1,0t '(eeeceurlt"qu) 'qslBnd :8 EseIIenW erJe.qsnvurelselA lsa^\-qnos uro{ sepads^rau e Duo{t^arqsurapDaod (t661) D N 'LBZ- LgZtLEuqpnIN BrF.qsnVur xelduo' oll.t[ JDltDn rurapou.toJoql 10661) ON'qsp,\{ 'tst-lst:0l 'raJgj?rr, B6r,{nNellp.qsnvurEs"./\AIo$e^r-qlnos oqluro{ oBecsuuequJosnueS.reu e (966I) 19'e,(d 's0€-9sz:0I 8I$^nN 'ErlErsnv urEsa/AJo (eue.euirta\X)umuet[uttuats Vre orputrdfu)etaue8 e$ ur exE &poud p$e ^roN (q9661) 18'ofu '0tt-6tI:01 elsl,{nN elp.qsnv uaseAJo (ssereuuequ) urllotutulpveumlplr(dseteueB erIJurexq trlFolrd pue^\eN (eS66I) .I g'a,{U ( q]led :lueueSeuElI pw.I ? uoDeNosuoCJotdec) ., q.usrg pueJE3-L,(066I) IU{ e,{lod ( eunoqel{ : oJ ? prr8'uorBJcL{) ,, slrr8lduerp.gsnvJo snsuaC.luurels,{S,, 1€881-288I) J'rellan { ( eurnoqlow :.rolupd$oO) t lo^ {r'a?{g4snvesqdsrSofqd sluoul8eu,, (€981) d'.ronenn ( 3lzdall :uueu{e8ug) ., sqelueppcoosleDsnv esJqd"r8ol,(qdelusur8BrC,,(S06I) a'lozlpdT 1'qotc .Jlued CepIsIepV:uo6r rc3u[ul.rdt^ooue{e.qsnvgnos) 028-t08 dd .d.I.dosset .I{.A.3uuueC .(?rF.trsnvqlnosJoerolC,, (spe) U H'ue{eoI T, d I'dossof.4 eeor€uurBqU- fFrEd (986t) ? ( uFtlrgFerg roJ T a^rau) I Io ., srsuorle.lsnv€JoH,,(t981) C'urBq[og ',9I-€9t:SI pre9 rog ePnlaPv I 'lqgr8 '(oeeceuuequ) uElle.lsnvrReID eql uro{ sel.ods^iou punfsrp E rolorltunlpyttls (t66I) -I g'0,{dT'U r^d're)uEg

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