Conceptual Plan

CONCEPTUAL PLAN

ALL INDIA INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL SCIENCES

(AIIMS), (Construction of Medical college & Super Specialty Hospital with Residential accomodation) Sy. No 372, 232/5 & 6, 403, Tadepalli, Mangalagiri, Atmakuru village, Mangalagiri Mandal, Guntur District, Andhra Pradesh.

Prepared by SV ENVIRO LABS & CONSULTANTS Environmental Engineers & Consultants in pollution control Block –B, B-1, IDA, Autonagar, VISAKHAPATNAM-12, PH: 0891-2755528, 94403 38628 E-mail: [email protected] Recognized by Govt of India, MOEF, New Delhi & QCI No. 145

The Background

Creating a country imbued with a scientific culture was Jawaharlal Nehru's dream, and immediately after independence he prepared a grand design to achieve it. Among the temples of modern India which he designed, was a centre of excellence in the medical sciences. Nehru's dream was that such a centre would set the pace for medical education and research in Southeast Asia , and in this he had the wholehearted support of his Health Minister, Rajkumari Amrit Kaur.

The health survey and development committee ,chaired by Sir Joseph Bhore, an Indian Civil Servant, had in 1946 already recommended the establishment of a national medical centre which would concentrate on meeting the need for highly qualified manpower to look after the nation's expanding health care activities . The dreams of Nehru and Amrit Kaur and the recommendations of the Bhore Committee converged to create a proposal which found favor with the government of New Zealand. A generous grant from New Zealand under the Colombo Plan made it possible to lay the foundation stone of All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) in 1952.The AIIMS was finally created in 1956, as an autonomous institution through an Act of Parliament , to serve as a nucleus for nurturing excellence in all aspect of health care.

All-India Institute of Medical Sciences was established as an institution of national importance by an Act of Parliament with the objects to develop patterns of teaching in Undergraduate and Post-graduate Medical Education in all its branches so as to demonstrate a high standard of Medical Education in India; to bring together in one place educational facilities of the highest order for the training of personnel in all important branches of health activity; and to attain self-sufficiency in Post-graduate Medical Education.

The Institute has comprehensive facilities for teaching, research and patient-care. As provided in the Act, AIIMS conducts teaching programs in medical and para-medical courses both at undergraduate and postgraduate levels and awards its own degrees. Teaching and research are conducted in 42 disciplines. In the field of medical research AIIMS is the lead, having more than 600 research publications by its faculty and researchers in a year. AIIMS also runs a College of Nursing and trains students for B.Sc.(Hons.) Nursing post-certificate) degrees.

Twenty-five clinical departments including four super specialty centres manage practically all types of disease conditions with support from pre- and Para-clinical departments. However, burn cases, dog-bite cases and patients suffering from infectious diseases are not entertained in the AIIMS Hospital. AIIMS also manages a 60-beded hospital in the Comprehensive Rural Health Centre at Ballabgarh in Haryana and provides health cover to about 2.5 lakh population through the Centre for Community Medicine.

Objectives of AIIMS: o To develop a pattern of teaching in undergraduate and postgraduate medical education in all its branches so as to demonstrate high standard of medical education to all medical colleges and other allied institutions in India. o To bring together in one place educational facilities of the highest order for the training of the personnel in all important branches of the health activity. o to attain self sufficiency in postgraduate in medical education

Functions of AIIMS: o Undergraduate and postgraduate teaching in medical and related physical biological sciences. o Nursing and dental education o Innovations in education. o Producing medical teachers for the country. o Research in medical and related sciences. o Health care: preventive, promotive and curative; primary, secondary & tertiary. o Community based teaching and research

As per Government Policy under Pradhan Mantri Swasthya Suraksha Yojana (PMSSY) , it is proposed to establish ALL INDIA INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL SCIENCES consisting of Medical College along with 960 bedded Super Specialty Hospital with residential accomodation in Sy.no. 372, 232/5 & 6, 403, Tadepalli, Mangalagiri, Atmakuru Villages, Mangalagiri Mandal, Guntur District, Andhra Pradesh.

ABOUT THE PROJECT:

ALL INDIA INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL SCIENCES (AIIMS) is proposed to construct a Medical college and 960 bedded Hospital building with residential accomodation at 372, 232/5 & 6, 403, Tadepalli, Mangalagiri, Atmakuru Villages, Mangalagiri Mandal, Guntur District, Andhra Pradesh which is in an area of 183.11acres.

Details about Project Site as per table:

Longitude 80°34'49.73"E Latitude 16°26'39.61"N Annual rainfall 103cm Min and max temp. 200C and 470 C Avg. relative humidity 78% Avg. wind speed 8-10 KMPH Predominant wind direction Summer SE Winter N & NE Monsoon SE & NW Nearest highway NH-5 at 0.35 Kms Nearest railway station Mangalagiri Railway Station at 1.23 km Nearest Airport Gannavaram Airport at 25 Kms Nearest human settlement Ambati Nagar at 0.30 Km Nearest town Mangalagiri Nearest seaport Kakinada seaport at 200km Nearest water body Buckingham Canal at 3.0Kms River Krishna at 5.80Kms Nearest reserved forest None with in 10 km Nearest National park None with in 10 km Nearest barrage Praksam Barrage at 6.23Kms

Google Image of 10Km Radius

Project Site

ALL INDIA INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL SCIENCES TOPO MAP OF 10 KM RADIUS

PROJECT DESCRIPTION

Project Description The company intends to construct a 960 bedded Super Specialty Hospital comprising of Medical college, U.G & P.G Hostels (Male, Female & Married), Nursing Hostels (Male & Female), Staff Housing, Guest house, Directors Bunglow, Amenities block in PHASE –I. In PHASE –II, Hospital block, Ayush block, Logistics, Admin & Library block, Nursing labs & Offices, Medical college labs & offices, Skill training centre, Student common area, Research Block, Animal house, auditorium, staff housing, Dharamshala block, guest house expansion, community hall/shopping centre, student activity, utility block in AIIMS at Sy. No. 372, 232/5 & 6, 403 of Tadepalli, Mangalagiri, Atmakuru Village, Mangalagiri Mandal, Guntur District, Andhra Pradesh. The Hospital is proposed to construct in a land admeasuring 183.11acres standing in the name of the campus in Guntur. The proposed construction will be undertaken on a plot of land after having approval of the authorities.

Project Scenario The AIIMS is the pioneer of integrated healthcare delivery in India. This vision led the group to earmark time and resources to strengthen each vital cog in the process of healthcare delivery. As a result of these efforts, the group today is in a unique position to exponentially increase its healthcare cover. This will be critical in order to meet future requirements.

In addition, the group’s service offerings include healthcare at the patient’s doorstep, clinical & diagnostic services, medical business process outsourcing, third party administration services and health insurance. To enhance performance and service to customers, the company also makes available the services to support business, telemedicine services, education, training programs & research services and a host of other non-profit projects.

TOTAL SITE AREA - 741046.17 SQ.MTS OR 183.11 ACRES OR 74.10HA TOTAL BUILTUP AREA - 271029.414SQ.MTS

TOTAL LAND DETAILS BUILDINGS FLOORS TOTAL GROUND TOTAL COVERAGE AREA FLOOR (SQ.MTS) AREA (SQ.MTS) PHASE -I OPD BLOCK –PHASE -1 B+G+5 7685.9 30701.15 U.G HOSTEL (MALE) G+12 417 4910.7 U.G HOSTEL (FEMALE) G+5 417 2334.1 P.G HOSTEL (MALE) G+13 575 7012 P.G HOSTEL (FEMALE) G+11 351.5 3427.5 P.G HOSTEL (MARRIED) G+13 570.8 6640.9 NURSING HOSTEL (FEMALE) G+12 569.9 6628.5 NURSING HOSTEL (MALE) G+12 346 3778.3 AMENITIES BLOCK -1 G 363 393 AMENITIES BLOCK -2 G 915.107 915.107 AMENITIES BLOCK -3 G 489.317 489.317 STAFF HOUSING TYPE -2 G+8 997 4368.4 (2 BLOCKS) G+8 997 4368.4 STAFF HOUSING TYPE -3 G+2 581.3 1686.541 STAFF HOUSING TYPE -4 G+5 616.9 3196.7 STAFF HOUSING TYPE- 5 G+6 860.3 5047.012 DIRECTORS BUNGLOW G+1 315 436.5 GUEST HOUSE G+1 2114.4 3067.777 STP -1 G 800 800 UGT -1 G 360 360 ELECTRICAL SUBSTATION -1 G 170 170 ELECTRICAL SUBSTATION -2 G 150 150 ELECTRICAL SUBSTATION -3 G 150 150 ELECTRICAL SUBSTATION -4 G 150 150 ELECTRICAL SUBSTATION -5 G 150 150

ELECTRICAL SUBSTATION -6 G 150 150 SUB TOTAL (A) 20265.424 91481.904 PHASE -2 HOSPITAL BLOCK G+6 19562.74 108090 AYUSH BLOCK G+1 1746.89 2912 LOGISTICS (UTILITY) G+5 4814.82 7796 ADMIN & LIBRARY G+1 1841.53 3662 NURSING LABS BLOCK G+3 2040.02 8128 NURSING OFFICES BLOCK G+3 1075.4 4540 MEDICAL COLLEGE LABS BLOCK G+3 2040.02 8128 MEDICAL COLLEGE OFFICES G+3 1075.4 4540 SKILL TRAINING CENTRE G+1 1135.35 2270 STUDENT COMMON AREA G+1 2043.63 4086 RESEARCH BLOCK G+1 1364.71 2724 ANIMAL HOUSE G 585 585 AUDITORIUM G+1 2555 3336 STAFF HOUSING TYPE -6 G+1 178.63 1707.33 (6BLOCKS) DHARAMSHALA BLOCK G+4 1319.01 6090.9 GUEST HOUSE EXPANSION G+5 -- 2700 COMMUNITY HALL/SHOPING G 864 864 CENTRE STUDENT ACTIVITY G+2 1264 1264 UTILITY BLOCK G 3125 3125 ELECTRICAL SUBSTATION -7 G 210 210 HSD STORAGE YARD G 240 240 FIRE STATION G 1519.8 1519.8 MARKET PLACE AMENITIES G 1029.48 1029.48 SUB TOTAL (B) 51630.43 179547.51 TOTAL (A+B) 71895.854 271029.414

PARKING AREA: DESCRIPTION AREA IN SQ.M PARKING -1 5742.74 PARKING - 2 7070.96 PARKING -3 3681.35 PARKING -4 21585.33 PARKING -5 1630.91 PARKING -6 5394.1 PARKING -7 6673.33 PARKING -8 3769.01 PARKING -9 4158.57 PARKING -10 2225.55 PARKING -11 2051.04 PARKING - 12 1944.5 PARKING - 13 3371.46 TOTAL PARKING AREA 69298.85

As per GO MS NO: 168, 20% of total built up area is required for parking. Total Parking Required = 54205.8Sq.m Parking area provided = 69298.85Sq.m

TOT-LOT AREA: DESCRIPTION AREA IN SQ.M TOT LOT AREA -1 3456.03 TOT LOT AREA -2 2751.49 TOT LOT AREA -3 1361.82 TOT LOT AREA -4 1084.53 TOT LOT AREA -5 5951.67 TOT LOT AREA -6 2351.27 TOT LOT AREA -7 3137.69 TOT LOT AREA -8 5029.88 TOT LOT AREA -9 4589.49 TOT LOT AREA -10 273.96 TOT LOT AREA -11 4683 TOT LOT AREA -12 7711.68 TOT LOT AREA -13 4457 TOT LOT AREA -14 7120 TOT LOT AREA -15 3405.16 TOT LOT AREA -16 17000.35 TOT LOT AREA -17 18843.12 TOT LOT AREA -18 377.42 TOT LOT AREA -19 11463.14 TOT LOT AREA -20 1082.08 TOTAL 106130.78

As per GO Ms NO: 168, 10% of plot area is left for Tot-Lot area Total Tot lot Required = 74104.61Sq.m Tot Lot area Provided = 106130.78 Sq.m

TOTAL AREA STATEMENT

S.No Description Area 1 Total Site area 741046.17Sq.m 2 Plinth area 71895.854 sq.m 3 Parking area (open area) 69298.85 Sq.m 4 Tot-Lot area 106130.78 Sq.m 5 Open area 493720.686 Sq.m 6 Total Built up area 271029.414Sq.m

WATER AVAILABILITY Water is required for the construction as well as during occupation stage as the same is an important resource. The source of water is by Municipal authorities and bore well.

FRESH WATER REQUIREMENT S.NO STREAM – A IN KLD STREAM – B IN KLD 1. Hospital (OPD, 851.58 UG, P.G, Nursing 187.78 Hostels Ayush, Logisitics) 2. Nursing & Medical 65.04 Staff housing, guest 255.13 house, bunglow, college labs dharamshala block 3. Skill Training centre, 27.31 College, Office, 44.29 Research block, Library, auditorium student common area 4. Animal house, Utility 11.16 Community hall, 36.58 block Student activity, fire station, market place, Amenities Blocks Total 955.09 Total 523.78

WASTE WATER GENERATION S.NO STREAM – A IN KLD STREAM – B IN KLD 1. Hospital (OPD, 681.26 UG, P.G, Nursing 150.22 Hostels Ayush, Logisitics) 2. Nursing & Medical 52.03 Staff housing, guest 204.10 house, Bunglow, college labs Dharamshala block 3. Skill Training centre, 21.84 College, Office, 35.43 Research block, Library, auditorium student common area 4. Animal house, Utility 8.9 Community hall, 29.26 block Student activity, fire station, market place, Amenities Blocks Total 764.03 Total 419.01 Losses @10% 76.40 Losses @10% 41.90 Grand Total 840.43 Grand Total 460.91

TREATMENT: Hospital surgical waste & Residential sewage will be routed through Stream –A (hospital, labs waste) and Stream –B (Staff Quarters, Hostel & etc) respectively. Effluent generated from Operation theatre will be treated in separate ETP of 50 KL Capacity.

TREATMENT SYATEM CAPACITIES: The following treatment system capacties are proposed: Stream –A (Hospital surgical waste) – 1000KLD Stream –B (Domestic sewage) – 500 KLD ETP for operation theatre – 50 KLD

Disposal:

After treatment, treated water will be used for the following

 Green Belt Development  Toilet flushing  HVAC

COLOR CODING & TYPE OF CONTAINER FOR DISPOSAL OF

BIO-MEDICAL WASTES

Color Coding Type of Category Waste Treatment options as per Category Schedule - I

Yellow Plastic bag Category – Incineration / Deep burial 1,2,3 & 6

Red Disinfected Category – 3,6 Autoclaving / Microwaving / container / Plastic & 7 Chemical Treatment bag

Blue / White Plastic bag / Category – 4 Autoclaving / Microwaving / translucent Puncture proof & 7 Chemical Treatment & container destruction / shredding Black Plastic bag Category – 5 , Disposal in secured landfill 9 & 10 (Solid)

SOLID WASTE GENERATION

The solid wastes anticipated during occupation stage include garbage’s, sludge from STP, hazardous waste of used oils and batteries from generators. During operation regular training will be given for staff on Bio Medical Waste Management and display of boards etc will done for prevention of mixing of MSW in Biomedical waste.

S. No. Description of the waste Quantity Disposal 1. Garbage 2700Kgs/day Convert to manure through composting 2. Bio-medical Waste 385Kgs/day Disposed to common bio medical waste treatment disposal facility authorized by agencies 3. STP Sludge 100Kgs/day Used as manure in nearby fields 4. Used Batteries 15 nos. year Sent to Authorized recyclers or returned to seller 5. Used Lubricant 50 l/year Sold to authorized recyclers 6. Waste oil 200 LPA Sold to authorized Contractors

 As we are having total Built-up area 2,70,999.414 sq. mts which is > 5,000 sq.mts,

based on notification, we will segregate the waste in separate streams at source,

hand over recyclable material to the authorized waste pickers or recyclers as per the

MSW rules, 2016.

 The bio-degradable waste shall be processed, treated and disposed off through

composting within the premises.

 The residual waste shall be given to the waste collectors or agency as directed by

the local body.

Collection and Segregation of waste: 1. Collection system will be provided for collection of domestic waste in plastic bags from each block 2. The local vendors will be hired to provide separate colored bins for dry recyclables and bio-degradable waste. 3. For waste collection, adequate number of colored bins (Green, blue and dark grey separate for Bio-degradable and non bio-degradable) are proposed to be provided at the strategic locations of the commercial area. 4. Litter bin will also be provided in open areas like parks etc.

D.G Set Details

It is proposed to install DG sets of total capacity 10 MVA and height will be as per CPCB norms.

ENERGY CONSUMPTION: The total power required – 10-15MVA from State Electricity Board Solar Power – 150 KwP

Energy Conservation Measures:

 Energy Efficiency Measures

a. LED in common areas

b. LED Usage in individual blocks

c. Provision of solar water heaters for Amenity blocks

d. Solar lighting for common areas/street lights (1 in 3).

e. Timer based lighting management in common areas

f. The lighting levels will be selected to suit the functional requirements

g. Each block will be interconnected by corridors which help in better utilization of

natural day light (double glass will be used for more cooling) and turbo ventilators

proposed at common areas for saving day light.

h. For saving of day light and low solar heat gaining High efficiency low-e glass type

for windows will be used.

Eco-friendly Measures:

1. Exploring possibilities of using Solar Lights & Solar watr heating

Others:

The security will be handed over to a private agency. Water conservation measures will be updated frequently and all the staff will be educated periodically.

The total potential of 150 KVP per day (40% roof area) and possibility for use of solar energy for common lighting or solar water heating will be explored.

USE OF FLY ASH:

Fly ash based light weight bricks will be used for construction of walls etc. Fly ash based tiles will be used for flooring of common areas

RAIN WATER HARVESTING

The storm water disposal system for the premises shall be self-sufficient to avoid any collection/stagnation and flooding of water. The amount of storm water run-off depends upon many factors such as intensity and duration of precipitation, characteristics of the tributary area and the time required for such flow to reach the drains. The drains shall be located near the carriage way along either side of the roads. Taking the advantage of road chamber, the rainfall run off from roads shall flow towards the drains. Storm water from various plots/shall be connected to adjacent drain by a pipe through catch basins. Therefore, it has been calculated to provide 09 rainwater harvesting pits at selected locations, which will catch the maximum run- off from the area. 1. Since the existing topography is congenial to surface disposal, a network of storm water pipe drains is planned adjacent to roads. All building roof water will be brought down through rainwater pipes. 2. Storm water system consists of pipe drain, catch basins and seepage pits at regular intervals for rainwater harvesting and ground water recharging. Rain water harvesting has been catered to and designed as per the guideline of CGWB. Peak hourly rainfall has been considered as 0.03m/hr. The recharge pit of adequate diameter and depth is constructed for recharging the water. Inside the recharge pit, a recharge bore is constructed having adequate diameter and depth. The ground water level in the area is 0.16-21.46 bgl. At the bottom of the recharge well, a filter media is provided to avoid choking of the recharge bore. Design specification of the rain water harvesting plan are as follows:  Catchments/roofs would be accessible for regular cleaning  The roof will have smooth, hard and dense surface which is less likely to be damaged allowing release of material into the water. Roof painting has been avoided since most paints contain toxic substances and may peel off.  All gutter ends will be fitted with a wire mesh screen and a first flush device would be installed. Most of the debris carried by the water from the rooftop like leaves, plastic bags and paper pieces will get arrested by the mesh at the terrace outlet and to prevent contamination by ensuring that the runoff from the first 10-20minutes of rainfall is flushed off.  No sewage or sullage would be admitted into the system 18

No sullage from areas likely to have oil, grease or other pollutants has been connected to the system.

Table: 14- Calculations for Storm water load

Type of Area Area (in Sq.m) Coefficient of Peak rainfall Rainwater run-off intensity during harvesting one hour of potential/hour rainfall (in m) (in M3) Open area 669150.316 0.1 0.03 2007.45 Roof Area 71895.854 0.6 0.03 1294.12 Total Storm water load on the site with per hour retention is 3301.57 Considering 15 minutes retention time, total storm water load 220.10 Taking the radius as 2m and effective depth as 2m, volume of a RWH pit 25.12 (π r2h) Hence no. of pits required in approx=Total storm water load considering 15 8.76 minutes retention time/Volume of a RWH pit Say 09

Total No. of pits proposed = 09 pits

OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH & SAFETY DETAILS

DURING CONSTRUCTION PHASE

First Aid Center and Medical facilities will be provided to all the concerned people working on the site. Personal dust mask, ear plugs, etc, will be provided to all persons working on the filed as per the requirement.

Proper precautions will be taken at electrical installations, cables and electrical connections to avoid short circuit and electrical shocks. Fire protection equipment like sand buckets and fire extinguishers will be provided.

OPERATIONAL PHASE

 Construction of entire project will be of earth quake resistant.

 First Aid and Medical Facilities will be provided to all the concerned people working in

the premises.

 Proper precautions will be taken for all electrical installations, cables and electrical

connections to avoid short circuit and electrical shocks.

 Manual call boxes will be strategically installed at stairwell and elevators exit locations.

 All other safety measures as required by the concerned Government Authorities shall

be complied with.

FIRE PROTECTION

 Consistent with the nature of their usage, the proposed Hospital will be provided with

comprehensive detection alarm and fire fighting systems.

 Wet risers fed dedicated water sumps and water pumps would help quick action in case

of fire

 The stilt level would be provided with sprinklers

 A system of the hydrants would be provided all round the buildings.

 Portable fire extinguishers would be located in all the floors

 The entire hospital would be provided with fire escape staircases.

 An exclusive UG sump at the ground level & OHT on the stair case core of each block

at the terrace level will be adopted.

 An electrical driven fire pump and one diesel pump shall be provided

 One no. of sprinkler pump exclusively for sprinkler system

 FHC is envisaged with hydrant valve and hose reel at each staircase landing level.

 Separate pump riser & distribution network is proposed for sprinkler system

 Portable fire extinguishers are proposed to be placed at strategic locations

 Fire brigade inlet connection for external pumping arrangement is envisaged.

 A yard hydrant of building peripheral length is provided

 Installation control valve is envisaged for sprinkler system

 Automatic sprinkler system is envisaged for entire building

GREEN BELT DEVELOPMENT

The greenbelt development plan aims at overall improvement in the environmental conditions of the region. Green belt planning will be done with ecological perspectives for project. Nature of pollutants, availability of space and dominant wind directions should be considered. This will help in reducing the concentration of pollutants and will also be effective in attenuating noise levels. As the trees are benefited from the seasonal rains, so it is advised to avoid planting during the dry season as this will require heavy watering. It is advantageous to plant trees on cloudy days. The location of each pit will be marked according to the design and distance of plantation. The size of the pits varies with type of trees. While digging the pit, care will be taken to place the topsoil on one side and bottom soil on the other side. Dug out soil and pit would be exposed to weather for two to three months. After exposing to the weather pit would be filled two-third to three-fourth height with a mixture of topsoil and well rotten farmyard manure. Species to be selected should fulfill with specific requirements of the area which are tolerance to specific conditions or alternatively wide adaptability to eco-physiological conditions; rapid growth; capacity to endure water stress and climate extremes after initial establishment; differences in height and growth habits; Pleasing appearances; providing shade. Criteria for selection of plant species Moreover, keeping in view the characteristics of soil, water quality and topography of the area the following additional aspects should also be considered 1. Fast growing and perennial species 2. Large leaf area index 3. Locally available species which are tolerable to soil and climate of area 4. Low water requirement and heat tolerant 5. Pest resistant species 6. Tolerance to inorganic chemicals. Guidelines and Techniques for Greenbelt Development A detailed survey was conducted with respect to existing vegetation types, diversity and density etc. in the project area for development of greenbelt around project components. The greenbelt plan has been formulated considering the parameters such 22

as climate, soil types etc. Greenbelt within and outside the premises will attenuate dust emission and noise during construction. The greenbelt is also developed for the efficient use of land and to improve the aesthetic quality of the environment. A careful plan of the plantation is necessary for the most efficient and economic management. The following points should be borne in mind while developing the greenbelt is: 1. Trees growing up to 10 m or above in height with perennial foliage will be planted around the proposed project. 2. Planting of trees will be undertaken in appropriate encircling rows around the project site 3. Generally fast growing species will be planted. Plant species should be selected as per the environmental scenario and condition of the proposed study site. 4. Evergreen trees should be planted. 5. Short growing trees should be allotted at the front and tall at the back for easy watching and to improve the appearance. 6. A good fence is essential. Live fencing is economic and cheap to other kind of fences. The plants suitable for live fencing should be drought resistant, easy to propagate from seed, quick growing, have dense foliage, should stand severe pruning and should be thorny. The inter-connecting/approach roads to various project components, within the colonies, working sites will be developed with avenue plantation, at a distance of 2 – 3 m wherever required tree guards shall be installed for protection of these plants. The shrubs and climbers should be planted even in between the tree spaces. Farmyard manure should also be applied to the pits of the plants for good survival. A nursery should be created for supply of saplings, and its maintenance should be

followed. However, the saplings could also be obtained from nurseries being developed

for compensatory afforestation.

Selection of Plant Species Keeping in view the climatic conditions, status of soils and vegetation types in and around the project area the following species of plants have been found suitable for plantation around the colonies, road sides and various components of the project. Plants species for greenbelt development are as in Table:

In addition to above some flowering plants, shrubs, herbs, and climber plants species will also be planted for beautification in the project area. Spacing and Pit Size The spacing and pit size would be vary according to the choice of species and compatibility of various species to grow together in a niche. Small trees would be planted at a distance of 3 m apart, while broadleaf species would be planted at a spacing of 5 m. The pit size would be 30 cm x 30 cm x 30 cm for shrubs and herbs whereas for the broadleaf species the size of 3 x 3 x 3 foot needs to be adopted. Fencing and Closure A minimum block plantation would be undertaken by providing barbed wire fencing including watch and ward for assuring protection from biotic interference. Plantation Guard and Protection from Fire Protection of plantation is greatest challenge from villagers and their cattle damage the plantations before they are established. Hence protection of plantation is of paramount importance and guards should be arranged for two to three years. Most of the plants shall be guarded against fire, mainly in the summer season. Post Plantation Care 1. When the soil is dry below the surface of the mulch, it is time to water. 2. Keep the soil moist but not soaked; 3. Overwatering causes leaves to turn yellow or fall off. 4. Water in trees at least once a week, barring rain, and more frequently during hot weather. 5. Continue until mid-fall, tapering off for lower temperatures that require less-frequent watering. 6. Other follow-up care may include minor pruning of branches damaged during the planting process. 7. Prune sparingly immediately after planting and wait to begin necessary corrective pruning until after a full season of growth in the new location. 8. Tree guard should be around the saplings until the plant reaching at mature stage. 9. Fertilizers and pesticides/insecticides should be given proper time.

Table: Suggested trees for Greenbelt development Scientific name Standard Time when flowering- Habit Place of name fruiting occurs planting Ailanthus excelsa Maharuk January-March Fastigiated Boarders Albizia lebeck Sirish January-March Broad canopy Boarders Albizia procera Safed Sirish January-March Broad canopy Boarders Alstonia scholaris Chhatin January-April Fastigiated STP area Anthocephalus cadamba kadamb August-October Spreading Boarders Azadirachta indica Neem June-July Spreading Front of gate Bauhinia variegata kanchan May-June Spreading Front of gate Butea monosperma palash February-April Weeping Boarders Cassia fistula amaltas March-June Spreading Boarders Emblica officinalis Amla january Weeping Boarders Erythrina indica Dadap July-August Broad canopy Both sides of road Leucaena leucocephala Subabul February-May Fastigiated Both sides of road Mangifera indica Aam April-July Broad canopy Boarders Nyctanthus arbortristis Harsingar Throughout thr year Fastigiated STP area Peltophorum pterocarpum Copper pod December-may Spreading Boarders Pongamia pinnata karanj February-May Broad canopy Boarders Spathodea companulata Rugtoopra February-May Fastigiated STP area Syzygium cumini Jamun June-July Spreading Both sides of road Tamarindus indica Imli March-April Broad canopy Both sides of road Terminalia arjuna Arjun April-July Broad canopy Both sides of road

Landscaping and Avenue Plantation Parks or gardens maintained for recreational and ornamental purposes will not only improve the current ecology of the proposed site but also aesthetic value in the area. The plan for plantation in parks and avenues is given below. Parks/Gardens Ornamental trees with spreading branches, shade giving with colorful flowers for people to relax. (Alstonia scholaris, Saraca asoca, Ailanthus excelsa, Peltophorum pterocarpum, Mimusops elengi, Tecoma stans, Cassia fistula, Cassia alata, Callistemon citrinus, Acalypha hispida, Caesalpinia pulcherrima, Calliandra haematocephala, Cestrum nocturnum, Erythrina indica, Murraya paniculata, Plumeria

acuminata, Polyalthia longifolia, Polyalthia pendula, Putranjiva roxburghii, Tabernaemontana divaricata etc.) - Suitable patches of lawns, rocketry with cactus and other small flowering xerophytic plants. Avenue plantation - Trees with colonial canopy with attractive flowering - Trees with branching at 10 feet and above - Trees with medium spreading branches to avoid obstruction to the traffic - Fruit trees to be avoided because children may obstruct traffic and general movement of public. Table: List of plant species for avenue plantation Scientific name Standard name Annona squamosa Custard apple Artocarpus heterophyllus Jack fruit Callistemon lanceolatus Bottle brush Casurina equisitifolia Casurina Saraca indica Asoka Bomabax malabarica Red silk cotton Sterculia foetida Wild almond Jacaranda mimosaefolia Jacaranda Erythrina indica Coral tree Lagerstroemia speciosa Queen's flower Spathodea companulata Tulip tree Millingtonia hortensis Cork tree Gliricidia sepium Madre Moringa oleifera Drumstick tree Thespesia populnea Umbrella tree Couroupita guinensis Cannon-ball tree Calophyllum inophyllum Alexandrian laurel Holarrhena pubescens Easter tree Cordia sebastenia Scarlet cordia Carica papaya Papaya Polyalthia longifolia Mast tree Musa paradesiaca Banana Cocos nucifera Coconut Borassus flabellifer Palmyra palm Caryota urens Fish-tail palm Roystenia regia Royal palm Areca catechu Areca 26

BASELINE DATA

Baseline data available for the following: COLLECTED DURING MARCH’ 2016 TO MAY ‘2016 FOR M/S. KL UNIVERSITY AND ALSO ACCORDED Environmental Clearance. AIR ENVIRONMENT:

Selection of Sampling Locations: To assess the baseline ambient air quality a scientifically designed ambient air quality monitoring network was established. Air quality monitoring study was carried out during Pre-monsoon season (i.e. March’16 to May’16) within 10km radius of the project site. The ambient air quality monitoring stations were selected after a brief study based on the following considerations  Meteorological conditions on synoptic scale  Topography of the study area  Predominant wind direction  Emission sources  Receptors sensitivity Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Stations were set up at ten locations with due consideration to the above mentioned points. The locations of the sampling stations are given in the Table 3.1 and the same are also show in the Fig

Methodology of Sampling and Analysis Air samples collected were tested for the following parameters

 PM10

 PM2.5

 Sulphur Dioxide (SO2)  Oxides of Nitrogen ( NOx) The sampling and analysis of ambient air quality parameters was carried out as per the procedures detailed in relevant parts of IS:5182 (Indian Standards for Ambient Air Quality Test Methods). The methods used for determining the above mentioned parameters and furnished hereunder in the Table:

Frequency of Sampling: 24 hrly samples for PM10, PM2.5, SO2 and NOx were collected from each station, at a frequency of twice a week for the pre-monsoon season.

Table: Techniques and Detectable limits for Ambient Air Quality Monitoring S. No. Parameter Technique Technical Minimum Detectable Protocol Limit (g/m3) Respirable Dust 1 PM10 Sampler (Gravimetric IS-5182 (Part-IV) 5.0 method) Fine Particulate 40 CFR USEPA 2 PM Sampler (Gravimetric 5.0 2.5 Gravimetric method) Modified West and 3 Sulphur dioxide IS-5182 (Part-II) 4.0 Gaeke Oxides of 4 Jacob & Hochheiser IS-5182 (Part-VI) 4.0 Nitrogen

Table: Location of Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Stations Direction Distance Station from Latitude and w.r.t Environmental S.No Location Code Project Longitude Project Setting Site Site 1. Project site A1 -- 16°26'35.67"N - Proposed project 80°37'16.45"E site 2. Vaddeswaram A2 NW 16°26'51.14"N 1.87 Residential Area 80°36'32.41"E 3. Ippatam A3 SSW 16°26'11.32"N 0.72 Residential Area 80°37'0.02"E 4. Ravendrapadu A4 SSE 16°24'22.90"N 3.88 Residential Area 80°37'21.73"E 5. Peddavadlapudi A5 SSW 16°24'33.35"N 3.60 Residential Area 80°36'39.44"E 6. Tadepalli A6 NNW 16°28'47.49"N 4.5 Residential Area 80°37'7.51"E 7. Atmakur A7 WSW 16°25'43.89"N 8.37 Residential Area 80°35'29.79"E 8. Undavalli A8 NW 16°29'39.00"N 7.62 Residential Area 80°34'45.91"E 9. Gundimeeda A9 ENE 16°26'44.64"N 1.41 Residential Area 80°38'0.37"E 10. Kunchenapalli A10 NNW 16°27'43.00"N 2.32 Residential Area 80°37'2.30"E

Ambient Air Sampling Locations

Summary of Analysis of Ambient Air Quality in the Study Area

3 3 3 3 Parameter PM10(µg/m ) PM2.5(µg/m ) SO2(µg/m ) NOx(µg/m )

Monitoring Station

percentile percentile percentile percentile

th th th th No.of samples No.of Maximum Minimum Mean 98 samples No.of Maximum Minimum Mean 98 samples No.of Maximum Minimum Mean 98 samples No.of Maximum Minimum Mean 98

A1 26 51.4 41.7 47.4 51.3 26 17.3 14.0 16.0 17.3 26 10.7 8.7 9.9 10.7 26 12.5 10.2 11.6 12.5

A2 26 58.2 46.0 52.2 57.9 26 19.6 15.5 17.6 19.5 26 12.1 9.6 10.8 12.0 26 14.2 11.2 12.7 14.1

A3 26 52.0 38.3 45.9 52.0 26 17.5 12.9 15.5 17.5 26 10.8 8.0 9.5 10.8 26 12.7 9.3 11.2 12.7

A4 26 53.7 42.8 47.3 52.9 26 18.1 14.4 15.9 17.8 26 11.2 8.9 9.8 11.0 26 13.1 10.4 11.5 12.9

A5 26 52.8 41.4 47.8 52.4 26 17.8 13.9 16.1 17.6 26 11.0 8.6 9.9 10.9 26 12.9 10.1 11.7 12.8

A6 26 56.8 43.6 51.1 56.8 26 19.1 14.7 17.2 19.1 26 9.8 7.5 8.8 9.8 26 11.1 8.5 10.0 11.1

A7 26 52.2 42.2 47.7 51.9 26 17.6 14.2 16.1 17.5 26 10.9 8.8 9.9 10.8 26 12.7 10.3 11.6 12.7

A8 26 54.0 43.8 48.6 53.0 26 18.2 14.7 16.4 17.8 26 11.2 9.1 10.1 11.0 26 13.2 10.7 11.9 12.9

A9 26 56.8 43.4 48.5 54.0 26 19.1 14.6 16.3 18.2 26 11.8 9.0 10.1 11.2 26 13.9 10.6 11.8 13.2

A10 26 55.1 47.2 52.3 55.0 26 18.6 15.9 17.6 18.5 26 11.5 9.8 10.9 11.4 26 13.4 11.5 12.8 13.4

NAAQS 100(µg/m3) 60(µg/m3) 80(µg/m3) 80(µg/m3)

GRAPHICAL PRESENTATION OF AMBIENT AIR QUALITY IN THE STUDY AREA

98 percentile concentration of PM10 100

80 57.9 56.8 60 51.3 52 52.9 52.4 51.9 53 54 55

0 A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 A9 A10

PM10 (ug/m3) NAAQS

98 percentile concentration of PM2.5 60 50 40 30 19.5 17.5 17.8 17.6 19.1 17.5 17.8 18.2 18.5 20 17.3 10 0 A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 A9 A10

PM2.5(ug/m3) NAAQS

GRAPHICAL PRESENTATION OF AMBIENT AIR QUALITY IN THE STUDY AREA

98 percentile concentration of SO2 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10.7 12 10.8 11 10.9 9.8 10.8 11 11.2 11.4 10 0 A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 A9 A10

SO2(ug/m3) NAAQS

98 percentile concentration of NOx 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 12.5 14.1 12.7 12.9 12.8 11.1 12.7 12.9 13.2 13.4 10 0 A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 A9 A10

NOx(ug/m3) NAAQS

Existing Ambient Air Quality On the perusal of above summary of analysis of ambient air quality in the study are it is evident that all monitored values in various locations are well within the specified limits of CPCB. The results are summarized below:

3 PM10: The highest PM10 concentration 58.2µg/m was observed in the ambient air was recorded at station A2 while the lowest PM10 concentration was found to be 38.3 3 µg/m at A3. All the monitored values of PM10 are well below the specified limit of 100 µg/m3 .

3 PM2.5: The highest PM2.5 concentration 19.6µg/m was observed in the ambient air was recorded at station A2 while the lowest PM2.5 concentration was found to be 3 12.9µg/m at A3. All the monitored values of PM2.5 are well below the specified limit of 60 µg/m3 .

3 SO2: The highest SO2 concentration 12.1µg/m was observed in the ambient air was 3 recorded at station A2 while the lowest SO2 concentration was found to be 7.5 µg/m 3 at A6 . All the monitored values of SO2 are well below the specified limit of 80 µg/m

NOx: The highest NOx concentration 14.2 µg/m3 was observed in the ambient air was recorded at station A2 while the lowest NOx concentration was found to be 8.5 µg/m3 at A6. All the monitored values of NOxare well below the specified limit of 80 µg/m3 .

WATER ENVIRONMENT The water resources, both surface and groundwater play an important role in the development of the area. Likewise, the water resources of the area have been studied to establish the current status of water quality in the area. The parameters of prime importance were selected under physical, chemical inorganic, chemical organic and heavy metal groups. Water samples from ground and surface water sources were collected .. The water samples were collected in pretreated sampling cans and

transported to laboratory for analysis. Due care was taken during sampling & transportation of these samples

Surface Water and Ground Water Quality Assessment In order to assess water quality impacts surface water and ground water samples are collected from the surrounding villages. The samples analyzed for various physical and chemical parameters to know the contamination levels as per the IS Standards.

1. Ground water quality --- IS 10500-1992 2. Surface/canal/sea water quality --- IS 2296

Selection of Sampling Locations Sampling locations were selected on basis of : a) Drainage pattern b) Location of residential areas respecting different activities c) Likely areas those can represent baseline conditions

Samples for bacteriological analysis were collected in sterilized glass bottles. Selected physico-chemical and bacteriological parameters have been analyzed for projecting the existing water quality status in the study area. The samples were analyzed in accordance with “Standard Methods for Examination of Water and Wastewater Analysis” published by APHA.

Sampling Techniques Samples for chemical analysis were collected in polyethylene carboys. Samples collected

for metal content were acidified with 1 ml HNO3. Samples for bacteriological analysis were collected in sterilized glass bottles. Selected physico-chemical and bacteriological parameters have been analyzed for projecting the existing water quality status in the study area. Parameters like temperature, Dissolved Oxygen (DO) and pH were analyzed at the time of sample collection. The methodology for sample collection and preservation techniques was followed as per the Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) mentioned in Table

Table: Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) For Water Sampling Parameter Sample Collection Sample Size Storage/ Preservation pH Grab sampling 50 ml On site analysis Plastic /glass container Electrical Conductivity Grab sampling 50 ml On site parameter Plastic /glass container Total suspended solids Grab sampling 100 ml Refrigeration, Plastic /glass container can be stored for 7 days Total Dissolved Solids Grab sampling 100 ml Refrigeration, Plastic /glass container can be stored for 7 days BOD Grab sampling 500 ml Refrigeration, 48 hrs Plastic /glass container

Hardness Grab sampling 100 ml Add HNO3 to pH<2, Plastic /glass container refrigeration; 6 months Chlorides Grab sampling 50 ml Not required; 28 days Plastic /glass container Sulphates Grab sampling 100 ml Refrigeration; 28 days Plastic /glass container Nitrates Plastic containers 100 ml Refrigeration; 48 hrs Fluorides Plastic containers only 100 ml Not required; 28 days Alkalinity Plastic/ glass containers 100 ml Refrigeration; 14 days

Ammonia Plastic/ glass containers 100 ml Add H2SO4 to pH>2, refrigeration, 28 days

Heavy Metals (Ar, Cd, Plastic/ Glass rinse with 1+1 500 ml Filter, add HNO3 to pH>2;

Mn, Cu, Fe, Zn, Pb etc.) HNO3 Grab sample; 6 months Source: Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, Published By APHA, AWWA, WEF 19th Edition, 1995 Analytical Techniques The analytical techniques used for water analysis is given in the Table-. Table-Analytical Techniques For Water Analysis Parameter Method pH APHA-4500-H+ Colour APHA-2120 C Odour IS: 3025, Part-4 Temperature APHA-2550 B Dissolved Oxygen APHA-4500 O BOD APHA-5210 B

Parameter Method Electrical conductivity APHA-2510 B Turbidity APHA-2130 B Chlorides APHA-4500 Cl- Fluorides APHA-4500 F- Total dissolved solids APHA-2540 C Total suspended solids APHA-2540 D Total hardness APHA-2340 C -2 Sulphates APHA-4500 SO4 Arsenic APHA-3120 B/ APHA-3114 B/ APHA-3500 As Calcium APHA-3120 B/ APHA-3500 Ca Magnesium APHA-3120 B/ APHA-3500 Mg Sodium APHA-3120 B/ APHA-3500 Na Potassium APHA-3120 B/ APHA-3500 K Manganese APHA-3120 B/ APHA-3500 Mn Mercury APHA-3112 B/ APHA-3500 Hg Lead APHA-3120 B/ APHA-3500 Pb Copper APHA-3120 B/ APHA-3500 Cu Cadmium APHA-3120 B/ APHA-3500 Cd Iron APHA-3120 B/ APHA-3500 Fe Zinc APHA-3120 B/ APHA-3500 Zn Boron APHA-4500 B Coliform organisms APHA-9215 D Alkalinity APHA-2320 B COD APHA-5220 D Phenolic Compounds APHA-510 C Source: Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, Published By APHA, AWWA, WEF 19th Edition, 1995

Water Sampling Stations

Direction bearing Distance Latitude & Source of Code Station w.r.t from Project Longitude collection Project Site Site GW1 Project Site - 16°26'31.17"N -- Ground water 80°37'19.14"E GW2 Vaddeswaran NW 16°26'53.69"N 1.30km Ground water 80°36'33.12"E GW3 Gundumeeda ENE 16°26'43.32"N 1.38km Ground water 80°38'0.02"E GW4 Kolenukonda NW 16°27'4.35"N 1.41km Ground water 80°36'33.56"E GW5 Kunchanapally N 16°27'41.40"N 2.0km Ground water 80°37'9.82"E GW6 Ippatam SW 16°26'10.05"N 0.72km Ground water 80°36'58.70"E GW7 Mallampudi SSE 16°25'32.99"N 1.60km Ground water 80°37'40.66"E SW1 Krishna River NNE 16°28'5.04"N 4.0km Surface water 80°38'51.81"E SW2 Bukingham Canal W 16°26'32.42"N 45m Surface water 80°37'12.14"E

Water Sampling Locations

Ground Water Quality of The Study Area IS:10500- S.No. PARAMETER UNIT GW1 GW2 GW3 GW4 GW5 GW6 GW7 Standards 1. Color Hazen < 2 < 2 < 2 < 2 < 2 < 2 < 2 5 15 2. Temperature of Water 0C 27.0 27.5 27.5 27.5 28.0 27.5 27.0 - - 3. pH - 7.43 7.16 7.29 6.95 7.48 7.14 7.4 6.5-8.5 6.5-8.5 4. Turbidity NTU < 0.10 0.15 < 0.10 < 0.10 < 0.10 < 0.10 < 0.10 1 5 5. Total Suspended Solids mg/l < 10.0 < 10.0 < 10.0 < 10.0 < 10.0 < 10.0 < 10.0 - - 6. Total Dissolved Solids mg/l 413 257 536 952 289 466 476 500 2000

7. Total alkalinity (as CaCO3) mg/l 178 109 252 468 129 198 204 200 600

8. Total Hardness (as CaCO3) mg/l 178 161 298 594 173 318 320 300 600 9. Chlorides as Cl mg/l 101 53.1 136 273 63.8 112 110 250 1000 10. Calcium as Ca mg/l 48.8 32.4 77 137 38.5 77 75.5 75 200 11. Magnesium as Mg mg/l 15.5 19.6 25.9 61.2 18.7 30.7 32.1 30 30 12. Fluoride as F mg/l 0.65 0.67 0.70 0.65 0.69 0.65 0.67 1.0 1.5

13. Nitrates as NO3 mg/l 3.1 2.3 3.6 9.2 3.5 4.1 3.8 45 45

14. Sulphates as SO4 mg/l 42.2 22.7 108 88.5 23.8 55.6 47.7 200 400 15. Arsenic as As mg/l <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.01 0.05 16. Cadmium as Cd mg/l <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 0.003 0.003 17. Copper as Cu mg/l <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 0.05 1.5 18. Lead as Pb mg/l <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.01 0.01

19. Iron as Fe mg/l 0.03 0.23 0.02 0.06 0.02 0.04 0.02 0.3 0.3 20. Manganese as Mn mg/l <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 0.1 0.3 21. Zinc as Zn mg/l 0.21 0.07 0.23 0.21 BDL 0.18 0.47 5.0 15.0 22. Dissolved phosphates mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 - -

23. Phenolic Compounds as C6H5OH mg/l <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.001 0.002 24. Residual Chlorine mg/l <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 - - 25. E. Coli MPN/100 ml ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 26.. Total Coliforms MPN/100 ml ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND

Surface Water Quality Of The Study Area S.No. PARAMETER UNIT SW1 SW2 IS:2296 -Standards 1. Color Hazen 2 2 - 2. Odour - Agreeable Agreeable - 3. Turbidity Ntu 2.3 1.8 - 4. pH - 7.27 7.81 6.50 – 8.50 5. Temperature 0C 27.0 27.0 - 6. Electrical Conductivity mmhos/cm 767 319 - 7. Total Dissolved Solids mg/l 476 198 1500 8. Total Suspended Solids mg/l 15.6 10.6 -

9. Total Alkalinity as CaCO3 mg/l 215 95 - 10. Total Hardness as mg/l 325 129 - 11. Calcium as Ca mg/l 78.6 26.7 - 12. Magnesium as Mg mg/l 31.4 15.2 - 13. Chloride as Cl mg/l 134 42.5 -

14. Sulphate as SO4 mg/l 71.5 12.3 -

15. Nitrate as NO3 mg/l 1.2 0.5 - 16. Iron as Fe mg/l 0.16 < 0.02 - 17. Hexavalent Chromium as Cr6+ mg/l <0.001 <0.001 0.05 18. Phenolic Compounds mg/l <0.001 <0.001 0.005 19. Cyanide as CN mg/l <0.002 <0.002 0.05 20. Zinc as Zn mg/l 0.65 0.01 15 21. Lead as Pb mg/l <0.001 <0.001 0.01 22. Copper as Cu mg/l <0.05 <0.05 1.5 23. Aluminium as Al mg/l <0.005 <0.005 0.1 24. Manganese as Mn mg/l <0.05 <0.05 5.0 25. Mercury as Hg mg/l <0.001 <0.001 - 26. Arsenic as As mg/l <0.001 <0.001 - 27. Cadmium as Cd mg/l <0.002 <0.002 - 28. Dissolved Oxygen mg/l 4.2 6.1 5.0 min 29. Chemical Oxygen Demand mg/l 39.8 9.9 - 30. Biochemical Oxygen Demand mg/l 6.0 2.0 3.0 31. Total Kjheldhal Nitrogen mg/l < 1.0 < 1.0 - 32. Free Ammonical Nitrogen mg/l < 0.01 < 0.01 - 33. Oil & Grease mg/l < 0.1 < 0.1 - 34. E. Coli MPN/100 ml ND ND Absent 35. Total Coliforms MPN/100 ml > 380 36 5000

The water in the region (ground and surface water) has been compared with respect to the Drinking water Quality Standards as IS:10500 and IS:2296. Note: Surface water DO levels are lower than the surface water standards and BOD recorder 6.0 mg/l on higher side than standard of 3.0 mg/l .This maybe due to the entry of raw sewage in to the river at various places. Surface water quality results are summarized below:  pH of the surface water collected was neutral with pH ranging from 7.27 – 7.81  TDS was found to be 198 - 476 mg/l. The tolerance limit of 1,500 mg/l as per IS:2296  Total hardness was found to be 129 - 325 mg/l.  Presence of Nitrate was recorded as 0.5 – 1.2 mg/l.  DO was observed as 4.2 – 6.1 mg/l .  Total coliform in water was 36 to >380 MPN/100ml. The likely source of bacteriological contamination was due to the proximity to residential area  All the heavy metals were found to be within below detectable limits.

Summary of Groundwater quality:  During the study period, the pH of the groundwater was found varying between 6.95 and 7.48. The pH values for all the samples collected in the study area during study period were found to be within the acceptable limits.  In groundwater samples collected from the study area, the total dissolved solids (TDS) were found to be varying between 257 mg/l and 952 mg/l.  The Chloride levels in the groundwater samples collected in the study area were ranging from 53.1 – 273 mg/l  . In the groundwater samples collected from the study area, the hardness was found to be varying from 173 mg/l to 594 mg/l.  In the groundwater samples of study area the fluoride values were found to be within a range of 0.65 mg/l to 0.70 mg/l. All the heavy metals in all samples were found to be below the permissible limits.

An overview of the results obtained reveals that none of parameters were found above the permissible limits of IS:10500 Drinking Water Standards. 42

SOIL QUALITY Selection of sampling Locations For studying soil profile of the region, sampling locations were selected to assess the existing overall soil conditions around the project site. The study of the soil profile establishes the baseline characteristics and this will help in future for identifying the incremental concentrations if any, due to the proposed project. The sampling locations have been identified with following objectives. a) To determine the baseline soil characteristics of the study area b) To determine the impact of the project activities on soil characteristics

Sampling and Analytical Techniques Five sampling locations were selected to assess the existing soil conditions representing various land use conditions and geological features. At each location, soil samples were collected from three different depths viz. 30 cm, 60 cm and 90 cm below the surface and are homogenized. This is in line with IS: 2720 & Methods of Soil Analysis, Part-1, 2nd edition, 1986 of (American Society for Agronomy and Soil Science Society of America). The homogenized samples were analyzed for physical and chemical characteristics. The soil samples were collected and analyzed once in each season. The samples have been analyzed as per the established scientific methods for physico- chemical parameters. The heavy metals have been analyzed by using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer . The methodology adopted for each parameter is described in Table-. Table-Analytical Techniques For Soil Analysis Parameter Method (ASTM number) Textural classification Chart developed by Public Roads Administration pH pH meter (D 1293-84) Electrical conductivity Conductivity meter (D 1125-82) Nitrogen Kjeldahl distillation (D 3590-84) Phosphorus Molybdenum blue, colourimetric (D 515-82) Potassium Flame photometric (D 1428-82) Sodium Flame photometric (D 1428-82)

Parameter Method (ASTM number) Calcium IS:2720 Magnesium IS:2720 Chlorides Argentometric (D 512-81 Rev 85)

DETAILS OF SOIL SAMPLING LOCATIONS Direction Latitude and Distance from Bearing Code Location/Villages Longitude Project Site(km) w.r.t Project Site 16°26'32.72"N S1 Project Site -- -- 80°37'20.29"E 16°26'50.46"N S2 Vaddeswaram 1.75km NW 80°36'19.94"E 16°26'40.27"N S3 Gundemeeda 1.35km ENE 80°38'0.12"E 16°27'4.08"N S4 Kolenukonda 1.50km NNW 80°36'31.83"E 16°27'36.57"N S5 Kunchanapally 1.98km N 80°37'1.37"E

Soil Sampling Locations

SOIL ANALYSIS RESULTS IN THE STUDY AREA S.No Parameter Unit S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 Appearance - Brown Brown Brown Brown Brown 1. pH (1:5) Aq Extract -- 7.9 7.65 7.27 8.09 7.89 2. Conductivity  mhos 285 279 331 476 338 (1:5 Aq Extract) /cm 3. Texture (a) Sand 31.2 35.2 38.6 36.0 31.4 (b) Silt % 15.8 18.5 19.2 22.4 20.6 (c) Clay 53.0 46.3 42.2 41.6 48.0 4. Bulk Density gm/cm3 1.32 1.26 1.28 1.22 1.26 5. Moisture Content % 15.2 13.3 13.0 14.0 14.6 6. Availabe Nitrogen as N kg/ha 148 195 142 188 186 7. Availabe Phosphorous as P kg/ha 68.2 70.4 67.0 72.6 80.1 8. Available Potassium as K kg/ha 195 188 210 190 202 9. Exchangeable Sodium as Na mg/kg 64 62 58 66 51 10. Exchangeable Calcium as mg/kg 165 178 202 211 174 Ca 11. Exchangeable Magnesium mg/kg 102 114 142 146 120 as Mg 12. Water Soluble Chlorides as mg/kg 104 72 115 108 102 Cl 13. Water Soluble Sulphates as mg/kg 72 88 95 95 103 SO4 14. Organic matter % 1.23 1.17 1.12 1.30 1.16 15. Organic Carbon % 0.88 0.84 0.80 0.93 0.83

Summary of Soil Analysis Data The analytical results of the soil samples collected during the study period are summarized below. The pH of the soil is an important property; vegetation cannot grow in low and high pH value soils. The normal range of pH in the soils is 6.0 to 8.5. The pH values in the study area are varying from 7.27 to 8.09 indicating that the soils are falling in slightly to moderately alkaline soil. The electrical conductivity in the study area is varying from 279 to 476 micro-Siemens per centimeter (µS/cm). The available Nitrogen as N in the study area is varying from 142 to 195 kg/ha. In the study area available, Phosphorus was found in varying quantities of 67.0 to 80.1 kg/ha. The available potassium in the study area varies between 188 to 210 mg/kg. This is a medium sufficient level for crops. Organic Carbon in the study area ranges from 0.80 to 0.93%. This is sufficient for crops. Based on the above results, the soils in the region are fertile enough for cultivation of crops. STANDARD SOIL CLASSIFICATION S.No Soil Test Classification 1. pH <4.5 Extremely acidic 4.51- 5.50 Very strongly acidic 5.51-6.00 moderately acidic 6.01-6.50 slightly acidic 6.51-7.30 Neutral 7.31-7.80 slightly alkaline 7.81-8.50 moderately alkaline 8.51-9.0 strongly alkaline >9.00 very strongly alkaline 2. Electrical Conductivity (ppm) (1ppm = 640 Upto 1.00 Average µmhos) 1.01-2.00 harmful to germination 2.01-3.00 harmful to crops (sensitive to salts) 3. Organic Carbon Upto 0.2: very less 0.21-0.4: less 0.41-0.5 medium, 47

0.51-0.8: on an average sufficient 0.81-1.00: sufficient >1.0 more than sufficient 4. Nitrogen (Kg/ha) Upto 50 very less 51-100 less 101-150 good 151-300 Better >300 sufficient 5. Phosphorus (Kg/ha) Upto 15 very less 16-30 less 31-50 medium 51-65 on an average sufficient 66-80 sufficient >80 more than sufficient 6. Potassium (Kg/ha) 0 -120 very less 120-180 less 181-240 medium 241-300 average 301-360 better >360 more than sufficient Source : Hand Book of Agriculture, ICAR, New Delhi

NOISE ENVIRONMENT Identification of Sampling Locations Noise at different generating sources has identified based on the activities in the village area, ambient noise due to industries and traffic and the noise at sensitive areas. A detailed survey on noise environment was carried in and around the project site to study the levels of noise, as the high dB (A) levels may cause adverse effect on human beings and associated environment, including structures, domestic animals and natural ecological systems. The locations were identified keeping in view the land use pattern and environmental setting. Spot noise levels were measured using a precision noise level meter at eight locations with in study zone.

Methodology The monitoring was carried out at each location for a period of 24hrs, once during the study period. The locations were identified keeping in view the land use pattern and environmental setting. The day levels of noise have been monitored during 6 am to 10 pm and the night levels during 10 pm to 6 am. The Ld, Ln and Ldn were calculated based on the hourly Leq values. Spot noise levels were measured using a precision 48

noise level meter at residential areas, industrial areas and commercial centers etc., in all eight locations which were covered with in study zone. The noise levels include vehicular movement and local activities. Noise levels were recorded for every 15minutes in a clock hour for a continuous 24- hour period at all locations. Noise Monitoring Locations Direction Distance Station from Latitude and w.r.t Environmental S.No Location Code Project Longitude Project Setting Site Site Project site A1 -- 16°26'35.67"N - Proposed 1. 80°37'16.45"E project site Vaddeswaram A2 NW 16°26'51.14"N 1.87 Residential 2. 80°36'32.41"E Area Ippatam A3 SSW 16°26'11.32"N 0.72 Residential 3. 80°37'0.02"E Area Ravendrapadu A4 SSE 16°24'22.90"N 3.88 Residential 4. 80°37'21.73"E Area Peddavadlapudi A5 SSW 16°24'33.35"N 3.60 Residential 5. 80°36'39.44"E Area Tadepalli A6 NNW 16°28'47.49"N 4.5 Residential 6. 80°37'7.51"E Area Atmakur A7 WSW 16°25'43.89"N 8.37 Residential 7. 80°35'29.79"E Area Undavalli A8 NW 16°29'39.00"N 7.62 Residential 8. 80°34'45.91"E Area

Description of Locations:

N1 – the location has been selected to assess noise levels in the proposed project site . N2 , N3, N4, N5, N6, N7 and N8 – the locations have been selected to assess noise levels near to the project in residential areas with light Vehicular Movement.

Noise Monitoring Locations

Noise Levels in the Study Area The noise level monitored during the study period are given in Table: in the form of Lday, Lnight and Ldn compared with CPCB Standards. CPCB norms Location Environmental Leq (dBA) Lday Lnight Ldn Code Setting Day Night N1 Project site 55 45 50.8 38.0 49.4 N2 Residential 55 45 51.4 39.0 50.0 N3 Residential 55 45 50.2 39.4 48.9 N4 Residential 55 45 50.9 37.2 49.5 N5 Residential 55 45 50.9 41.9 49.6 N6 Residential 55 45 51.8 38.4 50.3 N7 Residential 55 45 51.0 38.7 49.6 N8 Residential 55 45 49.7 38.4 48.3

GRAPHICAL PRESENTATION OF AMBIENT AIR QUALITY IN THE STUDY AREA DAY EQUIVALENT NOISE LEVELS 75 75 75 75 75 75 75 75 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 N1 N2 N3 N4 N5 N6 N7 N8

DAY EQUIVALENT CPCB LIMIT, RESIDENTIAL AREA CPCB LIMIT, INDUSTRIAL AREA

NIGHT EQUIVALENT NOISE LEVELS 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 N1 N2 N3 N4 N5 N6 N7 N8

NIGHT EQUIVALENT CPCB LIMIT, RESIDENTIAL AREA CPCB LIMIT, INDUSTRIAL AREA

Observations:

a) At Project Site: The day time noise levels were observed to be within the prescribed limit of 55 dB(A). The day time noise levels ranged from 42.4 to 53.0 dB(A). The night time noise levels were observed to be within the prescribed limit of 45dB(A). The night values ranged from 36.3 to 39.6 dB(A) b) N2 – Residential Area: The day time noise levels were observed to be within the prescribed limit of 55 dB(A). The day time noise levels ranged from 43.9 to 53.6 dB(A). The night time noise levels were observed to be within the prescribed limit of 45 dB(A). The night values ranged from 36.3 to 41.6 dB(A) c) N3 – Residential Area: The day time noise levels were observed to be within the prescribed limit of 55 dB(A). The day time noise levels ranged from 43.6 to 53.6 dB(A). The night time noise levels were observed to be within the prescribed limit of 45 dB(A). The night values ranged from 37.6 to 40.3 dB(A) d) N4 – Residential Area: The day time noise levels ranged from 43.8 to 53.5 dB(A), were observed to be within the prescribed limit of 55 dB(A) The night time noise levels were observed to be within the prescribed limit of 45 dB(A). The night values ranged from 35.15to 39.9 dB(A) e) N5 – Residential Area: The day time noise levels were observed to be within the prescribed limit of 75 dB(A). The day time noise levels ranged from 45.2 to 52.8 dB(A). The night time noise levels were observed to be within the prescribed limit of 70 dB(A). The night values ranged from 40.1 to 43.6 dB(A) f) N6 – Residential Area: The day time noise levels were observed to be within the prescribed limit of 55 dB(A). The day time noise levels ranged from 42.6 to 53.6. dB(A). The night time noise levels were observed to be within the prescribed limit of 45 dB(A). The night values ranged from 37.1 to 40.1 dB(A)

g) N7 – Residential Area: The day time noise levels were observed to be within the prescribed limit of 55 dB(A). The day time noise levels ranged from 41.5 to 52.5. dB(A). The night time noise levels were observed to be within the prescribed limit of 45 dB(A). The night values ranged from 37.0 to 40.3 dB(A) h) N8 – Residential Area: The day time noise levels were observed to be within the prescribed limit of 55 dB(A). The day time noise levels ranged from 40.6 to 51.9. dB(A). The night time noise levels were observed to be within the prescribed limit of 45 dB(A). The night values ranged from 37.2 to 40.6 dB(A)

From the above results it was concluded the Day and Night equivalents were within the limits of Ambient Noise standards of residential areas.

BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT FLORA AND FAUNA Introduction Biotic component comprises of both plant animal communities which interact not only within and between them self but also with abiotic i.e. physical and chemical components of the environment. Generally a biological community is being dependent on the environmental conditions and resources of its location may change if there are many major changes in the environment. The number of variables like temperature, humidity, atmospheric conditions, soil, topography, etc. is responsible for maintaining the homeostasis of the environment and a change in any one or more of these variables may tend to destabilize the ecosystem. In such cases the change may be mostly irreversible. Therefore, the need to assess the changes of the animal and plant resources is primary requisite as these living things determine the environmental healthiness of any given ecosystem or environment. Biological impact assessment generally includes listing of plants and animals present in core and buffer areas of the project site. In certain cases it is also considered desirable 53

to conduct vegetation analysis using standard phyto-sociological methods. As part of this assignment, a flora and fauna study has been conducted for K. L. University, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh. Field studies were undertaken in the month of July 2014. The proposed site and habitats adjacent to the site were surveyed for flora and fauna species, consequently, little habitat for native species exists and fauna species composition on-site is very low. Scope of the work The biological study of the area has been conducted in order to understand the ecological status of the existing flora and fauna to generate baseline information and evaluate the probable impacts on the biological environment. Objectives (i) To collect the baseline terrestrial biodiversity status regarding flora and fauna in the project area. (ii) To assess the frequency, density, abundance, Importance Value Index (IVI) (flora). (iii) To provide the conservation plan and suggestion / recommendation for social forestry green belt / plantation.

Methodology To achieve the above objectives, a detailed study of the area was undertaken in 2 km radius around project. The field sampling was conducted during the period of March’ 2016. Floral study Analysis of flora in relation to natural vegetation samplings were carried out by using the least count quadrate method across different habitats. The quadrants are useful for quantification of density and abundance of the vegetation in the study area. Summarization of previously used methods and recommendations led to the use of more than often (10x10m) quadrates laid out for sampling the tree stratum and 1x1m quadrates for herbs and grasses. DBH of trees was also determined. All individuals > 10 cm GBH (Girth at Breast Height) were included in tree category. However, for examining the shrub species 3x3m sample plots were laid out. The plants species identification was done based on their morphological characteristics and reproductive materials i.e. flowers, fruits and seeds etc. Further the plant species identification was confirmed with the known herbarium collections of Botany department, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam.

The data collected for biodiversity information were quantitatively analyzed for density, frequency, abundance. The relative values of frequency, density and dominance of all the species were summed up to represent Importance Value Index (IVI). The followings are the formulae to derive frequency, density, abundance, Importance Value Index (IVI) etc.

Total number of quadrate in which species occurred Frequency = ———————————————————————x 100 Total number of quadrate studied Total number of individuals of a species Density = ——————————————------Total number of quadrate studied Total number of individuals of species in all quadrate Abundance = ——————————————————————— Total number of quadrate in which species occurred Total Basal Area Dominance = ———————————— Total area sampled Frequency of the species Relative Frequency = —————————————x 100 Total frequency of all species Density of the species

Relative Density = ——————————————x 100 Total density of all species Abundance of the species Relative Abundance = —––———————————— x 100 Total abundance of all species Dominance of the species Relative Dominance = —––———————————— x 100 Total Dominance of all species

Importance Value Index (IVI) = Relative frequency + Relative density +Relative dominance

Table: Phytosociology of floral characters in 2 km radius Trees Botanical name Family R.F R.D R.A IVI Anthocephalus cadamba Rubiaceae 6.39 5.39 5.46 17.25 Azadirchta indica Meliaceae 2.56 1.8 8.88 13.23 Bauhinia variegata Caesalpiniaceae 7.16 6.23 4.18 17.57 Borassus flabellifer Arecaceae 8.95 8.98 7.89 25.82 Cassia fistula Caesalpiniaceae 8.18 7.78 7.1 23.07 Casurina equisetifolia Casurinaceae 1.79 2.16 3.74 7.683 Cocos nucifera Arecaceae 3.07 5.75 3.23 12.05 55

Delonix regia Caesalpiniaceae 8.95 8.98 3.09 21.02 Ficus hispida Moraceae 3.84 5.75 4.73 14.32 Mangifera indica Anacardiaceae 1.79 1.8 5.46 9.049 Michelia champaca Magnoliaceae 3.07 2.87 4.44 10.38 Muntingia calibura Elaeocarpaceae 3.84 2.99 3.55 10.38 Peltophorum pterocarpum Caesalpiniaceae 10.2 10.9 2.84 23.97 Phoenix sylvestris Arecaceae 4.35 4.31 7.89 16.55 Polyalthia longifolia Annonaceae 6.39 3.83 8.88 19.1 Psydium guajava Myrtaceae 3.07 2.87 2.84 8.784 Samanea saman Mimosaceae 2.56 2.87 3.55 8.982 Spathodea companulata Bignoniaceae 5.88 4.31 2.96 13.15 Syzygium cumini Myrtaceae 2.56 5.03 2.84 10.43 Thespecies populnea Malvaceae 5.37 5.39 6.46 17.22

Shrubs and Climbers Botanical name Family R.F R.D R.A IVI Calotropis gigantea Asclepiadaceae 9.5 10.95 7.76 28.05 Canthium parviflorum Rubiaceae 10.5 3.12 8.17 31.41 Cissampelos pareira Menispermaceae 4.5 6.21 9.29 19.99 Cocculus hirsutus Menispermaceae 6 4.41 4.95 15.36 Euphorbia pulcherrima Euphorbiaceae 7 5.07 4.87 16.93 Holarrhena pubescens Apocynaceae 4 0.84 5.77 13.2 Ipomoea maxima Convolvulaceae 5 5.72 7.7 18.41 Lantana camara Verbenaceae 9 8.66 6.48 24.13 Mukia madraspatana Cucurbitaceae 5.5 5.88 7.2 18.58 Pergularia daemia Asclepiadaceae 4.5 3.92 5.87 14.28 Phyllanthus reticulatus Phyllanthaceae 6 4.74 5.32 16.05 Ricinus communis Euphorbiaceae 8 2.44 8.39 26.35 Teramnus labialis Fabaceae 9 1.8 5.5 21.85 Tiliocora acuminata Menispermaceae 6 1.56 7.15 19.52 Tinispora cordifolia Menispermaceae 5.5 1.12 5.6 15.67

Herbs, Grasses and Sedges Botanical name Family R.F R.D R.A IVI Abelmoschus esculentus Malvaceae 4.43 4.45 3.29 3.29 Abutilon indicum Malvaceae 3.16 2.6 2.69 8.45 Acalypha indica Euphorbiaceae 4.43 3.56 2.63 10.62 Aristida funiculata Poaceae 1.69 1.57 3.06 6.31 Arundo donax Poaceae 4.01 6.09 4.98 15.07 Bambusa arundinacea Poaceae 2.53 2.12 2.75 7.4 56

Boerhavia diffusa Nyctaginaceae 3.59 3.15 2.88 2.88 Brachiaria ramosa Poaceae 3.16 2.46 2.55 8.18 Chloris barbata Poaceae 2.32 3.08 4.35 9.75 Cleome gynandra Cleomaceae 3.38 3.15 3.06 9.58 Cleome viscosa Cleomaceae 4.22 9.78 7.61 21.606 Corchorus fascicularis Tiliaceae 4.01 4.72 3.86 12.59 Corchorus olitorius Tiliaceae 3.59 3.08 2.82 9.48 Cyperus rotundus Cyperaceae 3.38 3.08 2.99 9.44 Dactyloctenium aegyptium Poaceae 1.9 1.16 2.01 5.07 Digera muricata Amaranthaceae 4.01 3.97 3.25 11.22 Euphorbia hirsuta Euphorbiaceae 0.84 0.75 2.93 4.52 Evolvulus alsinoides Convolvulaceae 3.38 3.08 2.99 9.44 Evolvulus nummularius Convolvulaceae 3.8 2.39 2.07 8.26 Hedyotis corymbosa Rubiaceae 1.9 2.33 4.02 8.24 Kyllinga nemoralis Cyperaceae 2.95 2.12 2.36 7.42 Merremia tridentata Convolvulaceae 4.01 3.01 2.46 9.48 Oplismenus burmanii Poaceae 3.38 3.63 3.52 10.52 Parthenium hysterophorus Asteraceae 2.95 2.8 3.12 8.87 Phyllanthus madraspatensis Phyllanthaceae 3.59 2.53 2.32 8.43 Portulaca oleracea Portulacaceae 3.59 3.83 3.5 10.92 Ruellia tuberosa Acanthaceae 2.53 2.19 2.84 7.55 Sida acuta Malvaceae 2.95 2.53 2.81 8.29 Talinum portulacacifolium Portulaceae 3.8 4.45 3.84 12.08 Tridax procumbens Asteraceae 4.01 3.76 3.08 10.85 Zornia diphylla Fabaceae 2.53 2.6 3.37 8.49

Faunal Study Primary faunal studies were conducted during study in and around the project site. The different methods adopted were as follows: • Physical observation by the survey method conducted in the study area for the faunal diversity study. • Secondary data were gathered from the local habitant with the discussion. • Data collected from the other sources for the complete biological environmental studies. • Rapid surveys were carried out at the K.L.University, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh. Intensive surveys were conducted at study site, which would be subjected to higher degree of disturbance by project related activities. Data on the presence/absence of the different faunal species in the project area was recorded largely based on direct and

indirect evidence such as tracks, spoors, dung and calls. Secondary information sources such as published information, unpublished reports, personal communication and informal interviews with villagers were also taken into account for supplementing primary data collected during field studies. Standard field guides were used for identification of faunal species during the surveys (Peater, 1980). • Avifaunal studies (Bird surveys) were conducted at the sampling points marked for intensive study. While traversing the area, birds were identified either by direct sighting or by calls. Casual observations were also recorded as and when the team moved through the study area. Field guide by Ali & Ripley, (1983) was used to identify bird species. Existing checklists of avian species (Anon., 1998) of the project area was also consulted and validated.

ENDANGERED/ THREATENED/ENDEMIC ANIMALS Faunal studies were also conducted during March’ 2016. During the survey of the study site, no threatened/ endemic species in and around the study area were observed. Table: Faunal groups recorded from the project site: Mammals Status in Wildlife (Protection ) Zoological name Common name Act Mus booduga Indian Field Mouse Schedule-V, Section,5 Mus rattus rattus Common House Rat Schedule-V, Section,6 Bandicoota bengalensis Bandicoot Rat Schedule-V, Section,6 Herpestes edwardsi Indian Grey mongoose Schedule-V, Section,6A Funambulus pennantii Five stripped palm squirrel Schedule-IV Bubalus bubalis Buffalo or Domestic Asian Schedule-IV

Birds Status in Wildlife (Protection ) Zoological name Common name Act Tringa hypoleucos Common Sandpiper Schedule-IV, Section,11 Bubulcus ibis Cattle egret Schedule-IV, Section,11 Ardeola grayii Indian Pond Heron Schedule-IV, Section,11 Milvus migrans Black Kite Schedule-IV, Section,11 Streptopelia chinensis Spotted Dove Schedule-IV, Section,11 Alcedo atthis Small Blue Kingfisher Schedule-IV, Section,11 Halcyon smyrensis White-breatsed Kingfisher Schedule-IV, Section,11 Merops orientalis Small Bee-eater Schedule-IV, Section,11 Acridotheres tristis Common Myna Schedule-IV, Section,11 58

Coracias benghalensis Indian roller Schedule-IV, Section,11 Dicrurrus adsimilis Black Drango Schedule-IV, Section,11 Pycnonotus cafer RedVented bulbul Schedule-IV, Section,11 Carvus splendens House Crow Schedule-IV, Section,1

Reptiles Zoological name Common name Status in Wildlife (Protection ) Act Calotes versicolor Garden Lizard Schedule-IV Hemidactylus fretanus Wall lizard Schedule-IV Daboia russeli Russel's Viper Schedule-IV

Amphibians Zoological name Common name Status in Wildlife (Protection ) Act Rana hexa dactyla Common frog Schedule-IV Bufo melanostictus South Indian Toad Schedule-IV

Table: Major Features in the study area Feature Name/Status National Park/Sanctuary Nil Biosphere Reserve/Tiger Reserve/Elephant Reserve/any other Reserve Nil Habitat for migratory birds Nil Corridor for animals of Schedule I and II of the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 Nil

SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS The proposed site and 10km area is falling under Guntur district and also adjacent Krishna District. The population of the district is 44, 65,144 with a density of 387 per Sq.Km. The percentage of literacy is 62.8 and the percentage of urban population to total population is 29.0.

According to the 2011 census Guntur district has a population of 4,889,230, roughly equal to the Central African Republic or the US state of Alabama. This gives it a ranking of 22nd in India (out of a total of 640). The district has a population density of 429 inhabitants per square kilometre (1,110/sq mi) . Its population growth rate over the decade 2001–2011 was 9.5%. Guntur has a sex ratio of 1003 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 67.99%.

Guntur district covers an area of 11,391 km2 and has a population of 4,889,230, of which 2,441,128 are males and 2,448,102 are females as of 2011.