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Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-00823-6 - Architecture of the Sacred: Space, Ritual, and Experience from Classical Greece to Byzantium Edited by Bonna D. Wescoat and Robert G. Ousterhout Index More information

Index

Aaron, the Levite, 215, 220, 224, Sanctuary of Apollo Pythios, 237, 307 46, 48–50 Abraham, Old Testament patriarch, 215 Ark of the Covenant, 206, 237 Abram the Treasurer, 240 arrhephoroi, 160–2, 370 Abû Mînâ, Egypt, St. Menas, pilgrimage Arta shrine, 253–4 H. Vasileios, church of, 324–5 Acts of Paul and Thecla, 255 Panagia tou Vrioni, church of, 326–7 aemulatio, 194–6 Asinou, Cyprus, Panagia, church akanthos, 98–9 of the, 326–7 Akragas, Ekklesiasterion, 90 Athens Alexander III (the Great), 73, 120, 155 Bronze Age walls of the Alkibiades, 116, 123 Acropolis, 162 Amazonomachy, 155 Church of the Panagia Gorgoepikoos Ambrose, Bishop of Milan, 248–9, (Little Metropolitan), 132–3 250, 268 City Eleusinion, 114–15, 121, 129–43; Andrew, St., relics of, 268, 284 propylon, 129–40, 370 Andronikos II Palaiologos, Byzantine Erechtheion, 90, 127, 128 emperor, 349 Olympieion, 128, 178–9, 181–2 Anicia Juliana, 290–1 Panathenaic Way, 115, 121, 129 Anna, Byzantine empress (wife of John Parthenon, 120, 127, 160, 163 VIII Palaiologos), 349 Pompeion, 119 Anthemius of Tralles, 288 Propylaia, 38–9, 128, 140, 162, 370 Antigonos I, 160 Sanctuary of Artemis Brauronia, Antiochos IV, 179 bronze horse, 163 Apostolic Constitutions, 213 Attic white-ground lekythoi, 99 Argos Attis, 165 Agora, 81–3 Attridge, Harold, 209

377

© in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-00823-6 - Architecture of the Sacred: Space, Ritual, and Experience from Classical Greece to Byzantium Edited by Bonna D. Wescoat and Robert G. Ousterhout Index More information

378 cdf Index

Augustus, 164, 165, 175 Constantine I, 284, 290, 292 Aulus Gellius, 182 coinage of, minted in Siscia, 310 Ayioi Theodoroi, Greece, 91 refoundation of Constantinople, 283 relocation of the bodies of apostles Baltimore, Walters Art Museum, Gospel Andrew and Timothy to Book, 318–19 Constantinople, 268 Bardill, Jonathan, 291 Constantine IX Monomachos, Bassett, Sarah, 284 Byzantine emperor, 351 Beall, Christopher, 234 Constantine Palaiologos (brother of Bell, Catherine, 3, 224 Andronikos II Palaiologos), 349 Beth Shearim (Galilee), cemetery, 235 Constantinople, 268–9, 281–301, 369 Bilbau, Guggenheim Museum, 296 Anastasis, church of, 286 Bivongi (near Stilo) Calabria, S Antiochos, palace of, 285 Giovanni Vecchio, church of, 333 Blachernai, church, 285 boukranion (ia), 125, 136, 371 Chora (Kariye Müzesi), church and Branham, Joan R., 367, 371, 372 monastery of, 320, 353 Burkert, Walter, 69, 374 Dynamis, church of, 286 Byzantine Institute of America, 340 George ton Maganon, church and monastery of, 351 Cassius Dio, 123 Great Palace, 285–6, 298, 369 Catulus, Q. Lutatius, 177, 180, 182–3, H. Polyeuktos, church of, 291 184, 189, 193, 195 Hagia Sophia, church of, 286–92, Cefalù, Sicily, cathedral, 313 300, 368 Centauromachy, 155 HH. Sergios and Bakchos, church Ceremony Book, 285, 289 of, 291 Chalcedon, Turkey Hippodrome, 285 Council of, 259 Holy Apostles, church of, 284 St. Euphemia, church of, 249–50, Homonia, church of, 286 259–60, 284–5 Monastery tou Libos, burials in, 347, Chalcidius, 192–3 348–9, 353–4, 355; St. John the Christ Pantokrator, image of, 313 Baptist, church of, 342, 345, 348–9, Chronicles, book of, 86, 205, 240 373; Theotokos Panachrantos, church types, Byzantine church of, 344, 346, 347; typikon ambulatory, 345, 348–54 of, 348–9 basilica, 248–70, 284, 288, 292, 295 Mother of God Kecharitomene, cross-in-square, 344, 346–7, 348 convent of, typikon, 354 domed basilica, 288 St. Eirene, church of, 286 tetraconch, 253–4 St. Euphemia, church of, 284–5 Cicero, Marcus Tullius, 123, 127, St. Mamas, monastery of, typikon, 355 182–3, 193 Theotokos Pammakaristos, church Cimitile. See Nola and monastery of, 327, 351–2 Clinton, Kevin, 69, 117, 124 Theotokos Peribleptos, church and Cohen, Shaye, 224 monastery of, 349–51

Index cef 379

Virgin of the Pharos, church of, relic Domitian, 184, 185, 195 collection, 298 Dorset, England, Hinton St. Mary, Corbo, Virgilio, 292 Roman villa, 309 Corinth, Sanctuary of Demeter and Doukaina, Anna (Byzantine Kore, 32–3, 46, 48, 52 princess), 351 Corinthian order, 93, 95–9, 124–5, 138, Doukaina, Eirene, 354 179, 185, 368, 371 Dumbarton Oaks, 340 Cossutius, 179 Dura Europos, Syria, 9 Cross, relics of, 267, 268, 269, 298 Christian house, baptistery, 9, 236 Crucifixion, 283, 292, 295, 297, synagogue, 9, 17, 231–41, 369 298, 369 Durkheim, Emile, 369 Ćurčić, Slobodan, 368, 372, 373 Cybele, cult of, 165–8 Eastmond, Antony, 318 Egeria, 255 Dagron, Gilbert, 289–90 Eirene, Byzantine empress Daphni (Attica), church and (wife of Andronikos III monastery, 313 Palaiologos), 349 David, Old Testament king, 86, 209, Eleusis 237–40 Sacred Way, 117–21; Rheitoi salt- DeCerteau, Michel, 31 springs, 120; Sanctuary of Apollo, DeGrassi, A., 188 120; Sanctuary of Demeter, Deir Sem‘an (ancient Telanissos), 253 Kore, Athena, and Poseidon, Delphi, Sanctuary of Apollo 120; Tomb of Akestion, 120; Halos, 84–6 Tomb of Eumolpos, 120; Tomb oracle, 123 of Mnesitheos, 120; Tomb of Sacred Way, 78 Pythionike, 120; Tomb of Skiros, Stepterion, 85–6 120 tholos, 98 Eleusis, Sanctuary of Demeter and Kore Demetrios, St., relics of, 266 Fifth-century propylon, 122–3 Demus, Otto, 299 Greater Propylaia, 128, 370 Diaspora, 221, 231, 232 Propylon of Appius Claudius Didascalia Apostolorum, 213 Pulcher, 123–8, 370 Didyma Eliade, Mircea, 369 archaic shrine on the Sacred Way Ellis, Richard, 235 from Miletos, 78 Elsner, Jas´, 366, 372, 373 Sanctuary of Apollo, circular altar Entombment of Christ, 283, 292, 295 precinct, 89 Epidauros, Sanctuary of Asklepios Diegesis, semi-legendary Byzantine propylon, 125 text, 289 Temple of Asklepios, 44 Diodorus, 99 theater, 80 Dionysios of Halikarnassos, 176, 177, tholos, 98 179, 182, 187 Eumenes I, 51 Divine Light, concept of, 307–12 Eumenes II, 44

380 cdf Index

Euphemia, St., relics of, 267, 285 Holy Land, 255, 268, 298, 299 Eusebius of Cesarea, 292, 300 Holy Wisdom, concept of, 286 Evagrius Scholasticus, Ecclesiastical Homer, 81, 90–1 History, 259 Homeric traditions, 152–69, 374 Exodus, book of, 205, 237, 307, 308 Ezekiel, book of, 205, 290 Iconoclasm, 331, 346 Ezra, book of, 240 Idrieus, king of Karia, 33 Ilion, 152–69 Fasti, 168 late Bronze Age fortification wall, Fine, Steven, 217 154, 160, 168 First Crusade, 293 Temple of Athena, 155–6, 160 Flesher, Paul, 220 well and subterranean passage in the Flower, Harriet, 190 precinct of Athena, 156–7, 159 Flowered Well (near Eleusis), 120 Ilioupersis, 155 Irshai, Oded, 236, 240 Gabriel, archangel, 323 Isidorus of Miletus, 288 Galilee, 215, 221, 235 Istanbul. See Constantinople Geary, Frank, 296 Geertz, Clifford, 4 Jerome, St., 281, 283 Germanos, Patriarch of Jerusalem, 18–19, 237, 281–301, 371 Constantinople, 15, 298 Holy Sepulchre, church of, Gervasius and Protasius, relics of, 248 xxiii, 18, 281, 292–6, 300–1, 368, Gigantomachy, 155 374; Anastasis Rotunda, 292, Giraud, Demetrios, 122–3, 128 293, 295; González de Clavijo, Ruy, 349 Calvary (Golgotha), 292, 293, 295; Göreme (Cappadocia, Turkey) Cloister of the Canons, 295; Tomb Elmalı Kilise, 322 of Christ, 18, 292, 295 Kılıçlar Kilise, 322 Temple, 202, 204 Gregory Nazianzos, 310 Temple of Solomon, 205, 290, 300 Gregory Palamas, Hesychast Temple, Holy of Holies, 205, 214 mystic, 311 Temple, Second Temple, 240 Temple, Temple furnishings, 15, 17, halos (threshing floor), 67, 83, 86 206 Harpalos, 120 Tyropeon Valley, 300 Harrison, Martin, 290 Jesus Christ, 16, 213, 264, 307–8, haruspices, 183–4, 195 309, 310 Heavenly Jerusalem, concept of, 289 John VI Kantakouzenos, Byzantine Helios, 310 emperor, 312 Heraclius, Byzantine emperor, 285 John, Gospel of, 313 Herodotos, 33, 54, 83, 115 Joseph (son of Jacob), relics of, 287 Historia mystagogica, 298 Joshua ben Jehozadak, 240 Hollinshead, Mary, 66, 90, 367 Julian the Apostate, 221, 240, 241

Index cef 381

Justinian I, Byzantine emperor, 284, Ludi Romani (Ludi Magni), 175, 367 286, 287–8, 289, 290–1, 300, 330 Luke, St., relics of, 267, 284 Lupercalia, 152, 168 kalathos, 130–1 lusus Troiae, 164–8 Kessler, Herbert, 238, 240 Lykosoura, Sanctuary of Despoina, 90 khoros (dancing floor), 67, 80–3, 84, 86, 89 Macridy, Theodore, 340, 347 kiste (ai), 125, 130–1, 140, 371 Magness, Jodi, 17, 220, 369, 371–2, 373 Knidos, Sanctuary of Apollo Kareios, Magritte, René, La Trahison des 46, 52–5 Images, 203 Koinon of the Troad, 160 Maguire, Henry, 297 Komnenos, John, Byzantine prince, 351 Mamboury, Ernest, 351 Kortleitner, Francis X., 209 Mango, Cyril, 287, 350 Korzybski, Alfred, 203 Maria, Byzantine nun, 349 Kos, Sanctuary of Asklepios, 32, Marinis, Vasileios, 367, 368, 373 41–6, 374 Matthew, Gospel of, 307–8 Kostaniani, Greece, Archestratos, Mausolos, king of Karia, 33–5 church of, 325 McCredie, James R., 69, 89 Kraeling, Carl, 234, 235, 237, 240 Melania the Elder, 268 Kritzas, Charalambos, 81, 86 Mellor, R., 188 Kurbinovo, FYROM, St. George, church Meryemlik (Ayatekla), Turkey of, 322, 330 Cave Church, 255–6 St. Thecla, church of, 249–50, 255–6, Labraunda, Sanctuary of Zeus, 29, 32, 258, 265 33–5, 38, 41, 45 Mesarites, Nicholas, Byzantine Lagoudera, Cyprus, church, 314 writer, 298 Latin occupation of Metapontion, Ekklesiasterion, 90–1 Constantinople, 342 Methodius of Olympus, 214 Leo VI, Byzantine emperor, 340 Milan, Italy, Basilica Ambrosiana, Levine, Lee, 217 248 libation, 9, 16, 92, 94, 116, 127, Miles, Margaret, 66, 367, 370, 371, 372 143, 214 Miracles of St. Demetrios, 257 Lindos, Sanctuary of Athena, 29, 32, Mishnah, 204, 231, 234–5 36–41 Mithras, 16 Lips, Constantine, 340, 347, 348 Mommsen, Theodor, 188 liturgy, Byzantine, 13, 15, 250, 253, 254, Monofatsi, Crete, H. Giorgios in Apáno 265, 269, 346, 347, 348, 353, 355, Symi, church of, 333 365, 367, 368 Mortensen, Beverley, 220 Livy, 175, 177, 178, 181 mos maiorum, 195 Lokrian Maidens, Penance of, 152, Moses, 298, 307–8, 310 154–5, 158–9, 160, 370 Mt. Athos, Greece, Hilandar Monastery, Lucian, 83 Katholikon, 327

382 cdf Index

Mt. Sinai Panathenaia Moses at, 307 Athens, 118, 128, 155, 162–4, 168, St. Catherine, monastery of, 310 370 Murano, Italy, SS. Maria e Donato, Ilion, 152, 160, 370 church of, 329, 330 Panofsky, Erwin, 5–6, 8 Mussolini, Benito, 152 Parenzo (Poreč), Croatia, 331 myrtle, 116–17, 125, 136, 140, 143 Paris, St.-Denis, church and Mysteries monastery, 296 Eleusinian, 52, 115, 118 Paulinus of Nola, 259, 260–5, 266–70, Samothracian, 66, 67, 70, 93, 96, 99 373, 374 Pausanias, 6, 13, 14, 16, 17–18, 19, 49, Nebo, Mt., Jordan, Theotokos, chapel 83, 119, 120, 121, 129, 367 of, 202, 209–13, 222–3 Peć, Serbia, Patriarchate, Mother of Nehemiah, book of, 240 God, church of, 328 Nestorius, 143 Perachora, Sanctuary of Hera, 29, 46–8 Neusner, Jacob, 204 Pergamon New Testament, 209, 308, 323, 373 Sanctuary of Demeter, 29, 46, 50–2, Nike Rebellion, 287 54, 90 Nikephoros III Botaniates, Byzantine temple once in the gymnasion, 44 emperor, 349, 350 Perry, Ellen, 367, 370, 373 Nikolaidou, Marianna, 7, 8, 10 phantasia, 193 Ninnion Plaque, 117 phiale (ai), 125, 127, 136, 371 Nola (Cimitele), Italy, St. Felix, church Philagathos, Byzantine writer, 297 of, 249–50, 259, 260–5, 266–70, Philanthropenos, Athanasios, 355 369, 373 Philetairos, 51 Philip Julius Caesar, Emperor, 240 Old Testament, 86, 290, 308, 373 Phokis, Greece, Hosios Loukas, Olympia, Sanctuary of Zeus monastery of, Panagia, Olympian Zeus, statue by Pheidas, church of, 321 190–1, 193, 194, 196 pilgrimage, concept of, 296–8, 300 Philippeion, 98 Plemochoai, 116 Orlin, Eric M., 187–8 plemochoe (ai), 116–17, 125, 136, Ornan, threshing floor of, 86 138–40, 143, 371, 372 Oropos, Sanctuary of Amphiaraos, 46, Pliny the Elder, 6, 179, 180–1, 183, 87, 90 190, 191 Otto, Rudolph, 369 Plutarch, 116, 142, 184, 185 Ousterhout, Robert, 18, 348, 368, Polemon of Ilion, 119 371, 372 pompe (ai), 30–1, 35, 39, 40, 41, 44, 46, Ovid, 183 50, 55 Pompey, 123 Pachymeres, George, 355 poppy, 125, 136 Palaiologina, Anna, Byzantine princess Poseidonia, Ekklesiasterion, 87, 90 (daughter of Theodora), 349 Price, Simon, 3

Index cef 383

procession, 9, 114–15. See also related Hut of Romulus, 176, 195, 286 festivals Palatine cave, 152, 168 Eleusinian, 116, 117, 119, 121, 122, Palatine, Domus Augustana, 286 123, 127–8, 129 Pantheon, 176 Panathenaic, 30 St. Peter’s Basilica, necropolis Ptolemy II Philadelphos, 30–1 under, 309 triumphal, 175, 181, 367 Temple of Cybele, 165–8 Procopius, 288–9, 290 Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus, Pseudo-Dionysios, 15 175–96 Pseudo-Kufic, 321 Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus, Ptolemy II Philadelphos, 30–1, 44 columns, 177, 179–82, 184, 187; Pulcher, Appius Claudius, 123–4, 127 cult statue of Jupiter, 187, 190–4, Punic War, Second, 167, 189 196; gilded bronze rooftiles, Punic War, Third, 177 179, 183; representations of Pyrgi, Chios, Hagioi Apostoloi, church on coins, 179–80, 191, 193–4; of, 327–8 representations of in relief, 185–7 Pythaistai, Athenian theoria to Romulus, legendary founder of Delphi, 118 Rome, 152 Rose, C. Brian, 366, 367, 370, 372 Qal‘at Sem‘an, Syria, St. Symeon, Ruskin, John, The Stones of Venice, 330 church of, 249–50, 251 quindecemviri, 187 S. Angelo in Formis, Italy, church, 297 Quintilian, 193 Sacred Objects (ta hiera), 115, 125, 131 sacrifice, 9, 16, 17, 27, 30, 33, 39, 40, rabbinic law (halakhah), 232 41, 42, 44, 45, 46, 50, 54, 55, 69, Raftopoulou, Eliana, 129 86, 87, 92, 114, 116, 143, 175, 185, Ravenna, S. Apollinare in Classe, 201–25, 371, 372, 373 church of, 255 Saller, S. J., 209 Rawson, Elizabeth, 126 Samothrace, Sanctuary of the Great Renfrew, Colin, 3, 6, 7, 9 Gods, xxiii, 14 Resurrection, 209, 283, 286, 292, 295–6, conical bowls, 94–5 298, 369 Dedication of Philip III and Rhodos, Ibrahim Pasha Cammi, 334 Alexander IV, 73–6 Romanos III Argyros, Byzantine Fieldstone Building, 72–3 emperor, 349, 350 Hall of Choral Dancers, 86 Rome Monument Platforms, 76–7 Area Capitolina, 177, 181, 182, Propylon of Ptolemy II, 77–8, 188, 195 95–9, 125 Area Capitolina, statues of Roma and Rotunda of Arsinoe, 98 the Genius of the Roman people, Stepped Retaining Wall, 78 181, 189 Theatral Circle, 68–72, 79–80, 92, Circus Maximus, 165, 175, 286 93–5, 368, 374 Forum, 175 tokens of initiation, 94–5

384 cdf Index

Samuel bar-Sapharah, 240 Thasos Samuel son of Yeda`ya, 240 Altar of Zeus Agoraios, 87–9 Scipio Africanus, 189–90 Sanctuary of Demeter at Second Sophistic, 115, 140–3, 370 Arkouda, 87 Seleukia, 255 Thebes, Kaberion, 90 Selinous, 46 Theodora (consort of Justinian), Seneca the Elder, 183 Byzantine empress, 287 Sepphoris, synagogue, 202, 215–24 Theodora, Byzantine empress (wife of Shakespeare, William, 66 Michael VIII Palaiologos), 342, Shekhinah, 205, 217 348–9, 353, 355 Sibylline Books, 176, 187–8, 189, 190, 195 Thessaloniki Sibylline oracles, 187–8, 189 Rotunda, 313 Sikyon, Sanctuary of Herakles, 14 St. Demetrios, church of, 249–50, Skleraina, mistress of Constantine IX 256–9, 265, 266 Monomachos, 351 Throne of God, concept of, 289 Skopje, FYROM, Mustafa Pasha thronosis, 69 Camii, 334 Timothy, St., relics of, 268, 284 Smith, Jonathan Z., 203, 281, 283, Tiridates, king of Armenia, 181 365, 369 Tölle-Kastenbein, Renate, 179 Solomon, 86, 209, 290 tonsa corona, 165 Sparta Torah Shrine, 232, 236–40, 372 Sanctuary of Artemis Ortheia, 90 torque, 165 Skias, 83 Tosefta, 235 Suger, Abbot of St.-Denis, 296 Trebizond (Trabzon, Turkey), Hagia Sulla, Lucius Cornelius, 164, 177–80, Sophia, church of, 315–18 181–2, 189 Trimithis, Dakhleh Oasis of Sulpicius Severus, 263, 267 Egypt, 9 Swain, Simon, 142 Troy. See Ilion Tumulus T’oros Roslin, 318 of Achilles, 155, 159–60, 162 Tabernacle, Israelite, 202, 205–9, of Ajax, 155 213, 214–15, 218–20, 221–5, of Patroklos, 155 237, 367, 371 of Protesilaos, 155 Tabor, Mt., 298, 307, 310 Turner, Victor, 4, 93 Tacitus, 183, 184, 187 Talmud, Babylonian, 231, 234, 235, Varro, 127, 191 236, 241 Venerable Bede, 15 Targumim, 221 Vergil, 164–5 Tarquinius Priscus, 187 Verrius, 191 Tarquinius Superbus, 188 Virgin Mary, 299, 323 Tebessa, Algeria, pilgrimage complex, relic of robe (maphorion), 285 possibly of St. Crispina, 249–50, Vitruvius, 98–9, 127–8, 182 251, 265 Volodymir, Russian Prince, 289

Index cef 385

Volotovo Polye (near Novgorod), Xenophon, 116 Russia, Assumption, church Xerxes, 115, 155 of, 333 Vulca of Veii, statue of Jupiter, 187, 190, Yasin, Ann Marie, 367, 373 192, 193, 196 Yerevan, Armenia, Matenádarán Collection, Gospels, 318 Weiss, Zeev, 202, 215–17 Weitzmann, Kurt, 238, 240 Zaccharias (father of John the Baptist), Wescoat, Bonna, 14, 367, 368, 371, relics of, 287 372–3 Zadok and Abiathar, priests of the tribe wheat, sheaf of, 125, 371 of Levi, 240 William of Tyre, 293–5 Zeno, Byzantine emperor, 255 Wittgenstein, Ludwig, 11–12 Zerubabbel, 240