2 September 2005 PROCEEDINGS OF TH E BIOLOGICAL SOC IETY OF WAS HINGTON II Xl)l:4I)l)-50R. 2005 . A new species of from Florida (: )

\ Martin V. Sorense n. Iben Heiner. and Ol e Zi emer

(M VS) Dep artment of Geophysics, Unive rsity of Co penhage n. Juli ane Ma ries Vej 30. " 2 100 Copenhagen, Denmark. e-ma il: mvsorenscn @bi.ku.dk; (OZ and IH ) Zoological Mu seum, University of Copenhage n. Unive rsi tetspa rke n 15. 2 100 Co penhagen. Denmark

A bstract.-A ne w kin orhynch, Echinoderes spinifurca, is described from the Atlantic coast off Fort Pierce. Florida. Th e species is charac te rize d by the pr esence of middorsal spines on segme nts 6 to 10 and lateral spines/tubules on segments 4 and 7- 12 . Th e tergal furca (tc rgal exte nsio n) is extraordinarily long, cons tituting 9.3-1 2.9 percent of the trunk length, and thi s distinct cha racte r makes it easy to dist inguish the species from all othe r spec ies of Echinoder e s. Ech inoderes spinifurca occurs in sh ell gravel and mi xed she ll gra vel with sand, and coex ists with Echinoderes liorni, Ze linkaderes sp., and two und escribed cyclo rhagid taxa .

W ith 63 va lid species, Echinoderes is by eral ikait e (see, e.g., Hi ggins 1983, 1985. far the largest ki no rhy nc h ge nus. T he ge nus 19 86 a ; H iggins & Kristense n 19 88 ; is characte rized by the presence of 16 seal­ Sorensen & Kr isten sen 2000; Adria nov et ids in the neck cl osing apparatus. and a al. 2002) . This study presents pa rts of the mid ventral placid that is always twice as results from meiofauna collections fro m wide as the othe rs. The two first trunk zo n­ she ll gravel and sa nd mixed with she lls in ires , segme nt 3 an d 4, consist of complete the Atlantic Ocean off Fort Pierce, Flo rida , cuticular rin gs, whe reas the following seg­ tak en during a stay at the Smithson ian Ma­ men ts are compose d of a tergal and two rin e S tatio n at Fo rt Pierce. ste rna l plates. Middorsal spines are present in man y species, and lateral terminal spines M aterials and Method s are always present as we ll. Contrarily, a midterrninal spine is nev er present in spe­ The samples were tak en at 15.1 m de pth cies of the . Echino deres can hardly w ith a mei ofauna dredge from the research be confused with an y othe r ge nus , ex ce pt vessel R/V Sunburst at a locality off Fort , w hich supe rfic ially may Pierce, Flo rida . The meiofauna was ex tract­ have the same appea ran ce. However. seg­ ed wi th freshwater shocki ng (Kris te nsen & ment 4 in Cephalo rliyncha is composed of Hi g g in s 19 84) follo wed by decantatio n a sternal and two partl y fused ve ntra l plates, through a 30 u.m ne t. The concentra te was contrary to the conditio n in species of Eclii­ fixed in 4 % fo rma lin bu ffered wi th borax. noderes (sec Adrianov & M alakhov 1999). S ubseque ntly the ki no rhy nc hs we re so rted The ge nus Echinoderes appears to be out under an O lympus Z X 12 dissecti ng m i­ cosmopolita n, a nd has been recorde d fro m croscope.Specimens for ligh t m icro scop y va rious hab itats a nd sediment ty pes ran ging were dehyd rated throu gh a grade d se ries of fro m black mud to she ll gravel and clean glycerin and mou nted in Fl uo ro rnoun t G®. coral sand, but also associ ated w ith kelp The mounted specime ns we re exam ined hol dfas ts, calcareous algae, or the ra re min- and photographe d using No marski differ- 500 PROCEEDI NGS OF TH E BIOL OGIC AL SOC IET Y OF WASHI NGTON ential interference contrast with an Olym­ cent of trunk length. Tergal furca, or tergal pus BX60 microscope equipped with an extension, very long, 26-32 urn , 9.3-1 1.9 Ol ympus DP J() digital camera. Measure­ percent of trunk length, ac ic ula r, with ments were made with Olympus DP-Soft stro ng pectinate fringes o n inferior margin so ftware for an al ysi s of light microscopical of ba se s. photos. Drawings were made with a cam era Description .s-i-Seccnui segme nt with J 6 lu cida. Specimens for SEM were dehydrat­ placids, about II urn lon g, 5 um wide po s­ ed through a graded se ries of ethanol, trans­ teri orly, more narrow anteriorly; midventral ferred to ac etone, and critical point dri ed . placid wider. 9 J.l.111 at base (Fi g . 2A, B). The dri ed spec imens were mounted on alu­ A nte rior margin of midventral placid wi th minum stubs, sputter coated. and exa mi ned sma ll heart-shaped plate overhang ing

100 IJm

8

c

TF LTS

LTS

25IJm m

Fig. I. Light micrographs of te rnalc holo typc and ma le allotype or Echinoderes spinifurca. A. Fe ma le holotype. ventral view. B.Male allotype. ventra l view. C. Female holotypc, segments 12- 13. dorsal view. D. Ma le allotype. seg ments 12- 13. ventral view. Abbreviations: LD . latcrodorsa l tubule; LTAS . late ra l term inal acccsxory spi ne ; LTS . latcra l terminal spine; PS. peni le spine; TF: tergal furcu. 502 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCI ETY OF WASHINGTON

100 urn 100 pm

Fig. 2. Echinoderes spinijurca. A. Female. dorsal view. B. Female. ventral view. C. Female, left part of segments 12-13, ventral view. D. Female, right part of segments 12-13, dor sal view . E. Male, left part of segments 12-13, ventral view. F Male, right part of segments 12-13. dorsal view.

Segment 6 with well developed pachy­ conspicuous ventromedial cuticular scars, cycli. Dorsal side with one middorsal spine, located close to anterior margin of segment and one pair of paradorsal glandular open­ (Fig. 4C); perforation sites and pectinate ings, located close to the anterior margin of fringe like segment 5. segment; ventral side with one pair of in- Segment 7 with one middorsal spine VO LUME 118. NUMBER 3 503

Fig. 3. Scanning elec tron micrographs or Echinoderes spinifurca. A, Female. hueroven trul view. B. Fe ma le, seg ments 3-10. vent ral view . C. Fema le. seg me nt 4. vent ral view. D, Fema le. head. neck and seg men t 3. lateral view. E. Female. seg me nts 12-1 3. vent ral view. F. Male. segments 12- 13, dorsal view . Ab brevia tions : LD, lutcrodorsul tubule: LTAS. lateral term ina l accessory spine: LTS. luternl term inal spine: PS. peni le sp ine : SS . sensory spot ; TF. tergul Iurcu; VI.. ventrola tera l tubule.

(M 0 7), and one pair of paradorsal se nso ry Segment 8 wi th one middorsal spine spots, located close to the anterior margin (M 08), flan ked by pair of incon spicu ou s of segme nt; ventral side with one pair of se nsory spo ts; one pair of paradorsal cutic­ short lateroventral tubules (LV7 ), one pair ula r scars is located closer to the anterior of ventromedial cuticular scars, located margin of seg ment; ventral side with one close to the anter ior margin, and one pa ir pa ir of sho rt lateroventral acicular sp ines ve ntromedial sensory spots, located more (LV8), one pair of ventro me dia l cuticular mesially on segme nt. Segment otherw ise scars, located close to the anterior margin, like segment 6. and one pair ven tro medial sensory spots, 504 PROC EEDINGS OF T HE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WAS HINGTON

Fig. 4. Ligh t micrographs of male paratypes or Ech inoderes sp inifurcu. Le ft co lumn displays dorsal view. rig ht co lumn ventra l view. A- B. Seg me nts 3 to 6. C- D. Segments 6 ( 0 8. E-r. Seg men ts 9 and 10. G-H. Seg me nts II and 12. located more mesiall y on seg me nt. Segm ent spines (LV9), one pair of ventro medial c u­ othe rwise like segme nt 7. ticular scars, located close to the anteri or Segment 9 with middorsal spine (M D9) , margin , and one pair ve ntromedial sensory flanked by pair of inconsp icuou s se nso ry spots, located more mes iall y on segme nt. spots; one pa ir of subdo rsa l se nso ry spo ts Segme nt othe rwise like segme nt 8. is present mesially, and one pair of para­ Segme nt 10 w ith middorsal spi ne dorsal cuticular sca rs is loc ated closer to the (MDI0), flanked by pair of inco nspicuous anteri or margin of seg me nt; ventral side se nso ry spots; one pa ir of subdorsal se nsory with one pair of short lateroventral acicular spo ts is pre sent me sially , par adors al cutic-

---~------~ VOL U ivlE I IX. N U IVIB ER .1 50S

Table I.- Measu rement s ( in 11 m ) o r ad ult t.·,·I,iI/IJ­ Table 2.-5pine/tuhule mea surements (in 1.1.111 ) o r tI, 'I't 'S spinifnrc«. incl udi ng nu mber of measured spec­ adult Ethinodcrcs spinifnrra, including number of imc ns (II ) and xumda rd devi ati on (SIl ). Abbreviatio ns: measured spec ime ns ( II ) and sta ndard de viatio n (S fJ) . LTS : lateral term inal spi ne : MS W : ma xi mu m ste rnal A bhrcviat ions: LD : lat erod o rsal tubu le : LTAS: latera l w idth : 5W: standard width: S2-1 J : seg ment len gt hs of terminal accessory spine : LTS : l.ucrn l terminal spi ne : segme nts 2-1.1: TF: icrgul turcu: TL: tru nk len gth. LV : latc rov cn trul: MD: middo rsal: TF: tc rgul Iurca: VL: vcmrola tcru l. L'huructcr R ;II1 ~ I...' i\kall S f)

Cll ar;uo:h.:r Run ge Mcun S f) TI . 12 2J2-JO I 269 .7 20.9 ") , SW 12 40-47 4 2.9 _ . L"I VL 4 12 17- 23 :20.4 1.7 sw/n. 12 14 .0-I X.1 16 .0 1.4 L V 7 12 IO- 2X 22.5 4 .7 MSW-7 12 4 .'> - .'> .1 49.4 2.6 L V X 12 IX- 2.1 2 1.0 I..'> MswrrL 12 16..'> -20.!.) IX.4 1.5 LV 9 12 29 - .1.'> J2.0 2. 1 i.rs/ n, 12 .'> 'J.9- 7X.9 (,7 .X 6. 0 LV 10 12 .1.1 -4.1 .1 X.7 2.9 TF/TL 12 9..1 - 11.9 10.6 O.X LV I I 12 .1 6-46 42 .2 4 . 1 S2 ] 2 9- 14 11..1 1..1 1.0 12 12 22-.1 0 24 .X 2. 1 S3 12 22-.1 4 26.9 3..1 MO 6 10 2 \-29 2.'> .0 2.6 54 12 17- 29 23. ] 2.X ivlO 7 II 2X- JX JJ.6 .1 .0 5.'> 12 IX- 24 20.X 1.9 ivlD X II 4 .1 -.'>.'> 49.1 .1.6 56 12 19- 27 22.X 2 .2 M0 9 12 49 -6J 57 .0 4 .J S7 12 22- 2() 23 .6 U ivID 10 12 70-XX 75.4 5.X 5X 12 2J-2X 25 .7 1.6 T F 12 26-J2 2X.J I.X S9 12 24-J I 27 .3 2.J LTAS 6 J9-5J 46.X 5.2 S IO 12 23 -J2 2X.6 2.9 LTS 12 171-1 91 IX1.6 7.5 S II 12 26 -J4 J I. I 2.6 5 12 12 22-3.1 2X.5 2.X SI.1 12 42-51 47 .2 2.9 (Figs.ID, 2, 3E, F); ve ntra l side with one pair o f ven tro latera l se nsory sp ots and one ular sc ars ab sent; ventra l side w ith one pair pair of ve ntro me dial glandular pores , one o r s hort lat eroventral ac ic u la r s pines prominent pair 0 1' ve ntro med ia l m usc le (LV I 0), one pair of ve ntro me d ia l cuti cular scars is pres ent posteri or 10 glandular pores. sc ars. loc ated close to the anterior margin, Perforati on sites like seg me nt II . pec tinate ventromedial sensory spots absent. Seg­ frin ge o f sternal plates medially ex tending ment otherwise like segme nt 9. beyond posteri or margin of segme nt 13 Segme nt II without middorsal spine; w ith one pair of paradorsal g landular pores (Fig. 3E) . near anterior margin of segment (Fig. 4G ), Segment 13 with one pai r of subdorsa l one pair of paradorsal and two pairs of sub­ sen sory spots (Fig. 3F); lateral terminal dorsal sensory sp ots arc present more me­ spines (LTS) lon g; tergal furca very elon­ sia lly; ventral side with one pair of later­ gate with spino us extensions, inferior mar­ ove ntral aci cular spines (LV II ), one pair of g ins of bases on terga l furca with well-de­ ve ntro me dial cuticular scars. located close veloped dorsal pect inate frin ge; females to the anterior margin. and one pair of ven­ w ith pai r o f lateral accessory terminal trolateral sen sory spo ts more mesially. Pro­ spines (LTAS); males w ith three pairs o f tonephridial sieve plate located in a latero­ pen ile spi nes (Figs. ic-r; 2C, D, 3E, F). dorsal positi on; perforati on si tes on ve ntra l Size and dimen sion s of spines and seg­ side mostl y on po steri or part of segment; ments are summa rize d in Tabl es 1 and 2. segme nt otherw ise like segme nt 10. The sizes or d ime ns ions do not differ be­ Segme nt 12 with two middorsal gland u­ tween the sexes. The positi on s of spines, lar pores. one pair of subdo rsal se nsory se nsory spots and glandula r pores are sum ­ spo ts, and one pair of Iaterod orsal tubules marized in Tabl e 3. (LD 12), situated posteriorl y on segme nt Etymo!ogy.-The name spinifurca IS 506 PRO CEEDI NGS OF TH E BIOl.OGICAL SOCI ETY OF W ASHI NGTON

Tabl e 3.- Summary or natu re and local ion o r senso ry spots. pores. muscl e scars. spines. and tubul es arr,lngcd by series in Ech ino dcres spinifurcu. Abbrevimions: LA: lateral accessory: LD : latcrodors al : LT AS : lntcral ter­ minal accessory spine: ITS: lateral terminal spine: LV : larcro vcntral: M D: middorsal: PI) : paradorsul : SD : subdors al: SI. : sublatcrul: VL: vcntrolutcrul: VM : veutromcdinl. ac: acicular spine : cs : cuticular scar : F: onl y present in fcmnl cs: gp: glandular pore: ms: mu scle scar: xx: se nsory SpOI: tu: tubul e.

S(, ~ llI L' l\I 10 II 12 IJ

MD gp gp tt l" HL' a t.' lie at." gpogp PI) ss gV Ss e x, ss cs. xx xx g poss SI) ss ss ss SS. ss ss ss LI) ss ss tu SL LA (inc l. LT AS) ss al" (F) LV ( inc l. LTS j tu ae ac ae (-I(': il l" VL SS IU• ."IS ."IS ."IS VM l' S gp cs <:S. ss CS. ss C S. ss cs cs gp oms

from Latin and refers to the very long and 1863 . E. chlersi, Zelinka. 1913. E. [erru­ spine-like tcrgal furca. gineus Zelinka, 1928. E. impel/ora/us Hig­ Notes on diagnostic [eatures lind system­ gin s. 1983. E. koz.!(!lfi Higgins. 1977a. E. atic jlo.l'ition .-BasecJ on the combination krislinaswamvi Higgins. 1985 , E. nybakkeni of the present spine formula and the con­ Higgins. 1986a. E. pacificus Schmidt. 1974. spicuous ly long tergal Iurca (Figs. IC, D. E. pilosus Lang. 1949, E. sublicarutn Hig­ 2, 3A, E. F) Ecliinodcrcs spinifurca cannot gins, 1977b, and E. worthing! Southe rn , be confused with any other species. The tcr­ J914, Ecliinoderes spinifurca can casi ly be gal furca constitutes about J 0.6 percent of discriminated from these by the shape and the total trunk length. which exceeds the size of the tergal fur ca , but it also di ffers in ratios in any other species with relatively other characters. Echinode rcs nybukkeni long tergal furca, including E. or/is Hig­ and E. krishnaswamyi are highly character­ gins, 1966a (furca/TL = 5.9). E. andama­ istic with their lon g and flexible lateroven­ nensis Higgins & Rao, 1979 (furca/Tl., = tral spines (Higgins 1985. 1986a). Echino­ 8.3 ). E. bernuulensis Higgins, 1982 (furcal deres nybakkeni is furthermore easily rec­ TL = 7 .8). and E. filispinosus Adrianov, ognized by its prominent pectinate fringe. 1989 (furca/TL = 7 .3 ). Echinoderes spini- wh ereas E. krishnaswamyi has very short furca is furthermore the only one of the and triangular tergal furca, The species E. above mentioned species that possesses five brevicaudatus. E. dujardinii, E. ehlersi and middorsal sp ines. and is therefore easily E. imperforatus all have short middorsal recognized. Only E. higginsi Huys & Coo­ spines (>one-half segment length) (Zelinka mans, 1989 has a furca/TL ratio (furca/T L 1913; Higgins I 966b, I 977a, 1983), con­ = 10.5) that exceeds the ratio in E. spini­ trary to the middorsal spines in E. spinifur­ fur ca, but E. higginsi has middorsal spines co that are longer than their corresponding on only segments 6, 8, and 10 and a long segme nt. Furthermore, E. brevicaudatus has lateral accessory spine on seg me nt 10, so rather short and stubby lateral terminal the two species are easily distinguished by spines, and is hence easily distinguished the different spine formulas. from E. spinifurca. Echinoderes fe rru gi­ The spine formula in Echinoderes spini­ neus, E. pi/OSIlS, and E. sublicarum all have furca is identical with the formula in thir­ rather short tergal furca, that are less than teen other Echinoderes species: E. aureus one-half length of the lateral terminal ac­ Adrianov et al.. 2002, E. brevicaudatus ce ssory spines (Zelinka J928, Lang 1949, Higgins, 1966b, E. dujardinii Claparede, Higgins 1977b). In E. kozloffi (a nd in E. VOLUM E II X. NUMBER 3 507 pilosusy the sternal extensions on segme nt drawings. Thi s work was funded by Th e 13 have setae that extend beyond the tergal Dani sh Natural Sc ience Resea rch Council furca (Lang 1949 . Higgins I 977a). Such se­ (grant no. 51-00-0278) and the Carlsberg tae are not pre sent in E. spinifurca. Ech i­ Fo undation (grant no . ANS-0724/20). This noderes au reus has a pair of conspicuous is publicati on #616 from the Smithsonian subventral scars on segment 3 (Adrianov et Marine Station at Fort Pierc e. al. 2002), and E. pa cificus differs fro m E. spinifu rca in its relatively short lateral ter­ Literature Cited min al spines (30 percent of trunk length vs, 68 per cent of trunk length ) (Schmidt 1974 , Adrinnov, A. V. 1989 . The first rep ort on Kinorhyncha Higgins I977a). Ech ino de res wo rthing ! re­ of the Japan ese Sea.-Zoolog ichesky Zhurna l 6 1: 17-27. \In Russian\ . sembles E. spinifurca but can be distin­ - -- .& V. V. Mal akh ov. 1999. Cephnlorhync ha of gu ished by the obvi ou sly shorter tergal fur­ the World Ocea n. KM K Scientific Press Ldt.. ca with serrated inner margins (see Fig. 3; Moscow. 328 pp . Higgins 1986a) and the relative ly short - --, C. Murak ami . & Y. Shirayama. 2002 . Echi­ midd orsal spines on seg me nts 6 to 9. In E. noderes aureus n. sp. (K inorh ynch a: Cyc lorhag­ ida) from Tanabe Bay (Honshu Island) . Japan worthing! the midd orsal spines are always with a key to the genus Echino deres. - Species slightly shorter than their corresponding Divers ity 7:47- 60 . seg ment, whereas they are longer than the Btnsc hli, O. 1876. Unte rsuchu ngen libel' freilebende segment in E. spinijurca. Also see Higgins Ne ma tode n und die Gattung Chaetonotus.s-: (19 86b) for further note s on the discrim i­ Ze itsc hrif] fiir wisse nsc haft liche Zo olog ic 26: 363 - 4 13. native characters within the above-men­ Claparc de. E. 1R63 . Beobachtungcn tiber Anatomic tioned species. und Entwicklungsgeschi cht c wirb ell oser Tiere Notes on habitat and associatedfauna.r-« an del' Kusre de l' Nor mundie angcs tellt. Wilh elm Echinode res splnifurca was first found in Enge lmann, Lep zig. 120 pp, she ll gravel mixed with sand and has later Duj ard in, F. 1851 . S ur un petit marin. l' Echinodere, formant un type intermedi aire en­ been recorded from more clean shell gravel tre les Cruxtaccs et les Vers.- Ann ales des Sci­ at a locality nearby (Sorense n, pel's. obs.). ences Nmurclle s. Zoolog ic. series 3, 15: 158­ Other kinorhynchs reco rded from both lo­ 160. calities were Ech inoderes horni Higgins, Higgin s. R. P. I966a . Ecliinodercs arl is, a new kinor­ 1983 and two yet und escribed cyclorhagid hynch from the Arc tic Oeean.-Pacific Science 20:51 R- 520. taxa. Furthermore, an und escribed species - - - . I966 b. Faunistic studies in the Red Sea (in of Zelinkade res was found in the mixed Winter. 196 1- 19(2). part II. Kinorhynch s from sediment but not in the clean shell gravel. the area of Al-G hardnqu.i-c-Zoolog ixchc Jahr­ Ech inoderes horni was described from Be­ btlchc r, Systernutik. Oko log ie und Geographic lize and has been found in co ralline mud der Tiere 93 :118- 126. - -_. 1977 a. Redescription of Echinodcres dujar­ with Thalasia and fine sediment mixed with dinii (K inorhyncha) with descriptions of closely sand and shells . rela ted species.-Smilhso nia n Co ntrib utions to 24R:1- 26. Acknowl edgments ---. 1977 b. Two new spec ies of Echi noderes (Ki­ norh yncha) from So uth Carolina.- Transac tions of the America n Micro scop ical Soc iety 96 :340 ­ We would like to thank the director and 354 . staff at the Smithsonian Marine Station at --- . 19R2. Three new species of Kinorhyncha from Fort Pierce for their great hospitality and Berm udu.e-«Transac tions of the American Mi­ help during our stay. We also thank Rein­ croscopical Soc iety 101 :305- 316. hardt M. Kristensen , Jesper Guldberg Han­ - - - . 19R3. The Arluntic barrier ree f ecosystem ru Carrie Bow Cay . Beli ze. II: Kinor hy ncha.­ sen and Birn a Val' Trygvad6ttir for help and Smithso nian Co ntri butio ns to the Marine Sci ­ good company during the stay at the sta­ enccs IR:1-1 31. tion, and Stine Elle for preparing the line ---. 19R5. T he ge nus Echinoderes (Kinorhy ncha : sox PROCEEDINGS OF T HE BIOLO GI C A L S O CI ETY OF W.t\SHINGTON

C yc lo rhagida ) from the Eng lish C hanne l.­ Lang. K. 104'). Echinodcri da. I'p. 1-22 ill N . H . Journal of the Marine Biol o gi ~al As soc iatio n of O d hncr. cd .. Further ,.oologiea l res ults of th e the U.K. (,5:7X5 -:·WO. Swedish Antarctic Exped itio n 1001 -1l)()J. vol. - - _ .I'.JX()a . A new species of Echinodcrcs (Kino­ IV No . 2. No rsi edt & So ncr, Stockho lm . rh yn chu : C yc lo rhag idu) from a coarse-sand Ca l­ Schm idt. l ~ 1074. Intcrst iticllc Fauna vo n G a lapag os . il'omian Beach.-Tran sa el ion s of the American X: Kinorhyn cha.e-clvlikrofuuna des Mccrcsbod­ Microscopi cal Soci e ty I05:2()()-273 . e ns 4 3:1-15. ---. I'.JX 6b. Redescrip tion or I,chillot/"J'I'S pilosus So re nse n. M . V.. &. R. 1VI. Krisicnscn . 2000 . Marin e (Kinorhyn cha: C y e l or h ag i d a ) . - P ro ~ee d i n gs of Rotitcra from lkk u F jord . SW G ree nla nd . With th e Bi ological Soci ety of Washington <)1) :3'.J<) ­ the des cription ot' a ne w spec ies from the rare 405. mineral ika ile .-Meddeklse r om G rcs nland 51: - - -. s: R. M. Kristen sen , 1'lXX. Kinorh ynch» from 1-4(1. Di sko Isl and. we« G ree nland.- S m ithso nian So uthe rn . R. It) 14. Ncnuuh clm in. Kinorhyucha and Conrriburinns to Zoo logy 45X : 1- 5(). C haelognatha.- I' roe eed ings of tile Royal Iri sh - - - . &. G . C. Rao. 1<)7 '). Kinorhynchs from the Aca de my 3 1: I- ·XO . Andarnan Islands.- Zoologi cal Journal of the Ze linka. C. I X'.J6. De mo ns tratio n vo n Tafc ln del' /,'l'!li­ Linneun Soci ety 67:75-X5. II/II/" I'''s- Monogra phi e. - Vcrl umdl un gcn del' Hu ys. R.. & A. Coomuns. 1',lX1) . Ecliinodcrcs higginsi dcutsch cn 7,oo logisc he n Gcsc llschnft (): I'.J7­ sp. n. (Kinorhyncha.C yclo rhagida ) from the 199 . southern North Sea wilh a key to th e ge nus - - -. 1913. Die Echinodcrcn del' Dcut schcn Sild­ !:",·hiIlOd"I'''.I' C laparcde. - -Zoo log ica Scripta IX: po lar-Exped itio n I '.JO I-I <) 03 . -- D L~ u lsc h e Siid­ 21 1-221. polar-Exp edition 14:41 1)- 4 36 . Kristensen , R. ivl.. &. R. I ~ Higgins . I'.JX4 . Re vision of - --. 1'J2X. Monographic del' Ec hinodcra . Wilhelm SI.I'I'(/ C/III.'·X (Tardigrada: Hal cchiniscidac ). wi th Engelma nn. Lcpzig. 3t)6 pp. description of two ne w spec ies irom Di sko Ba y. We st Cireenland .-Sm ithso nian Co ntribu tio ns to Zoo logy 3') I : 1-40. Assoc iate Ed itor: Stephe n L. Ga rd iner