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PoCS PoCS PoCS @pocsvox Definitions @pocsvox Relevant fields: @pocsvox Manifesto Manifesto Manifesto A Complex Systems Manifesto

Defining Defining Defining Last updated: 2019/08/26, 12:11:53 Complexity Complexity Complexity Principles of Complex Systems | @pocsvox A Manifesto Complicated versus Complex: A Manifesto A Manifesto References References  Medical References CSYS/MATH 300, Fall, 2019   Cognitive  Complicated: Mechanical watches, airplanes, ...  Economics Sciences  Engineered systems can be made to be highly  Systems   Biology Dr. Nick Allgaier | @nallgaier robust but not adaptable. Sociology Engineering Prof. Peter Sheridan Dodds | @peterdodds   Ecology  But engineered systems can become complex Psychology  Computer  Geociences (power grid, planes).  Information Dept. of Mathematics & Statistics | Vermont Complex Systems Center  Geography Vermont Advanced Computing Core | University of Vermont  They can also fail spectacularly. Sciences  …  Explicit distinction: Complex Adaptive Systems.  i.e., everything that’s interesting … Licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 License.

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PoCS PoCS PoCS Outline @pocsvox Definitions @pocsvox A visualized history of Complex Systemsish @pocsvox Manifesto Manifesto Manifesto A working definition of a Complex System: fields: Defining Defining Defining Complexity  Distributed system of many interrelated (possibly Complexity Complexity A Manifesto networked) parts with no centralized control A Manifesto A Manifesto References References References Defining Complexity exhibiting emergent behavior—‘More is Different’ [1]

A Manifesto Other features/aspects:  Explicit nonlinear relationships.  Presence of feedback loops. References  Being open or driven, opaque boundaries.  Memory.  Modular (nested)/multiscale structure.  Mechanisms range from being purely physical to purely algorithmic in nature...... 2 of 22 . . . 7 of 22 . . . 10 of 22

PoCS PoCS Definitions @pocsvox Examples of Complex Systems: @pocsvox Cryptograph—What’s being plotted here?: Manifesto Manifesto

Defining Defining “Complexity0 Map” by Brian Castellani, Kent State Complexity Complexity  Online here , at art-sciencefactory.com . A Manifesto  human societies  animal societies A Manifesto -1  Complex Systems is bigger that this. References  financial systems  disease ecologies References -2 Complex: (Latin = with + fold/weave (com + plex))  cells  brains -3 -4 Adjective:  ant colonies  social insects   -5 1. Made up of multiple parts; intricate or detailed. fluids, weather geophysical systems systems -6 2. Not simple or straightforward.  ecosystems  forests -7  power grids  Internet + Web -8 -9

-10  i.e., everything that’s interesting … 1 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 59

...... 5 of 22 . . . 8 of 22 PoCS PoCS Fractional weight of typical human body by Reductionism: @pocsvox @pocsvox atomic species:  Manifesto Feynmann: Manifesto

Democritus  Defining Defining Complexity Complexity 0 “If, in some cataclysm, all of scientific (ca. 460 BC – ca. 370 BC) A Manifesto A Manifesto -1 knowledge were to be destroyed, and  References References Atomic hypothesis only one sentence passed on to the -2  a (not) – temnein (to cut) next generation of creatures, what -3  Plato allegedly wanted his books statement would contain the most -4 information in the fewest words? burned.∼ -5

-6 “I believe it is the atomic hypothesis that all things are made  -7 John of —little particles that move around in perpetual 1766–1844 motion, attracting each other when they are a little distance -8 apart, but repelling upon being squeezed into one another.  Chemist, Scientist -9 “In that one sentence, you will see, there is an enormous -10  Developed atomic amount of information about the world, if just a little 1 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 59  First estimates of atomic weights imagination and thinking are applied.” Snared from brainpickings.org 

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PoCS PoCS PoCS We are a somewhat difficult LEGO™ set: @pocsvox , 1844–1906. Atomic Theory. @pocsvox @pocsvox Manifesto Manifesto Manifesto  Written on the box: “Nearly of 29 kinds of “Boltzmann’s seemed pieces!” 27 Defining Defining Defining Complexity to presuppose the reality of atoms and Complexity Complexity  Only in 2014 was bromine shown10  to be an A Manifesto , but almost all German A Manifesto A Manifesto essential trace element. [4] References philosophers and many scientists like Ernst References References  6 elements make up 99% of the body’s Mach and the physical chemist Wilhelm elements: Ostwald disbelieved their existence.” , carbon, ,≈ , calcium, and phosphorous. “In 1904 at a physics conference in St. Louis most physicists  Next 5 elements make up 0.85%: seemed to reject atoms and he was not even invited to the Potassium, sulfur1, sodium, chlorine, and physics section. Rather, he was stuck in a section called magnesium. ≈ ”applied mathematics,” he violently attacked , especially on allegedly Darwinian grounds but actually in  Remaining 18 necessary elements are trace terms of Lamarck’s theory of the inheritance of acquired elements. characteristics that people inherited bad philosophy from  Could be worse: A box with three packets the past and that it was hard for scientists to overcome containing up quarks, down quarks, and . such inheritance.” See: epigenetics ...... 1Naturally varies with evilness . . . 13 of 22 . . . 16 of 22 . . . 19 of 22

PoCS PoCS PoCS @pocsvox @pocsvox The Science of Complex Systems Manifesto:  @pocsvox Best to see people as more than some kind  Manifesto 1879–1955 Manifesto Manifesto of cleverly cooled quark soup: 1. Systems are ubiquitous and systems .  Annus Mirabilis paper:  “the Defining Defining 2. Consequently, much of science is about understanding Defining Complexity Motion of Small Particles Suspended Complexity Complexity how pieces dynamically fit together. A Manifesto in a Stationary Liquid, as Required A Manifesto A Manifesto “It was hard to deal with people when a tiny part of References by the Molecular Kinetic Theory of References 3. 1700 to 2000 = Golden Age of Reductionism: References you saw them as a temporary collection of atoms that Heat” [2, 3] Atoms!, sub-atomic particles, DNA, genes, people, ... would not be around in another few decades.”  Showed  4. Understanding and creating systems (including new followed from an atomic model ‘atoms’) is the greater part of science and engineering. —Susan Sto Helit  (who is a “little bit immortal”) giving rise to diffusion. 5. Universality : systems with quantitatively different micro details exhibit qualitatively similar macro behavior. “Thief of Time”   6. Computing advances make the Science of Complex [5] by Terry Pratchett (2002). Jean Perrin  1870–1942 Systems possible:  1908: Experimentally verified 6.1 We can measure and record enormous amounts Einstein’s work and Atomic Theory. of data, research areas continue to transition from data scarce to data rich. 6.2 We can simulate, model, and create complex ...... 14 of 22 . . . 17 of 22 systems in extraordinary detail. . . . 20 of 22 PoCS PoCS References I @pocsvox References II @pocsvox Manifesto Manifesto [1] P. W. Anderson. Defining Defining More is different. Complexity Complexity Science, 177(4047):393–396, 1972. pdf  A Manifesto A Manifesto [4] A. S. McCall, C. F. Cummings, G. Bhave, References References [2] A. Einstein. R. Vanacore, A. Page-McCaw, and B. G. Hudson. Über die von der molekularkinetischen theorie der Bromine is an essential trace element for assembly wärme geforderte bewegung von in ruhenden of collagen IV scaffolds in tissue development and flüssigkeiten suspendierten teilchen. architecture. Annalen der Physik, 322:549–560, 1905. Cell, 157:1380–1392, 2014. [3] A. Einstein. [5] T. Pratchett. On the movement of small particles suspended in Thief of Time. a stationary liquid demanded by the HarperTorch, 2002. molecular-kinetic theory of heat. In R. Fürth, editor, Investigations on the theory of the Brownian motion. Dover Publications, 1956. pdf  ...... 21 of 22 . . . 22 of 22