John Linnell & His Contemporaries
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JOHN LINNELL AND HIS CONTEMPORARIES GUY PEPPIATT FINE ART 1 GPFA Linnell Catalogue V2.qxp_Layout 1 06/09/2017 13:53 Page 1 JOHN LINNELL (1792 -1882) AND HIS CONTEMPORARIES 1800 -1820 2n dto11th October 2017 Monday to Friday 10am to 6pm Weekends and evenings by appointment Guy Peppiatt Fine Art Ltd Riverwide House, 6 Mason’s Yard Duke Street, St James’s, London SW1Y 6BU Tel: +44 (0) 20 7930 3839 Mobile: +44 (0) 7956 968284 Fax: +44 (0) 20 7839 1504 [email protected] www.peppiattfineart.co.uk 1 GPFA Linnell Catalogue V2.qxp_Layout 1 06/09/2017 13:53 Page 2 2 GPFA Linnell Catalogue V2.qxp_Layout 1 06/09/2017 13:53 Page 3 Guy Peppiatt started his working life at Dulwich Picture Gallery before joining Sotheby’s British Pictures department in 1993. He soon specialised in early British drawings and watercolours and took over the running of Sotheby’s Topographical and Travel sales. Topographical views, whether they be of Britain or worldwide, have remained an abiding passion. Guy left Sotheby’s in early 2004 and has worked as a dealer since then, first based at home, and now in his new gallery on Mason’s Yard, St James’s, shared with the Old Master and European Drawings dealer Stephen Ongpin. He advises clients and museums on their collections, buys and sells on their behalf and can provide insurance valuations. Guy also vets a number of art fairs and is Chairman of the Vetting Committee for the Works on Paper Fair. 3 GPFA Linnell Catalogue V2.qxp_Layout 1 06/09/2017 13:53 Page 4 INTRODUCTION We are delighted to present this exhibition which focuses on the early work of John Linnell and the artists who influenced and worked alongside him. The core group of the exhibition dates from the period 1805 to 1810 when Linnell was aged between thirteen and eighteen. Most of the drawings originate from two private collections. Many have never been seen before and provide a unique glimpse into the origins of the imagination of the artist. John Linnell was born in Bloomsbury in 1792, then a poor and rundown area of London, the son of a carver and gilder James Linnell. Although he received no formal schooling, the eight year old Linnell showed talent as a draughtsman copying pictures found in his father’s workshop. He began to copy paintings by George Morland which his father sold for as much as £20 for the larger copies. William Fleetwood Varley spotted the young Linnell in Christie’s auction rooms copying a drawing by Thomas Girtin, and encouraged him to visit his brother John. John Varley was impressed by Linnell’s draughtsmanship and urged the boy to sketch directly from nature and to visit him as often as he wanted. At Varley’s house Linnell met many of the artists of the time. These included fellow pupils, William Henry Hunt and William Turner of Oxford, as well as William Mulready (who married Varley’s sister) and who served as mentor to the young Linnell. Most notably, he met Varley’s brother Cornelius. Among Varley’s visitors, the miniaturist Andrew Robertson introduced Linnell to Sir Benjamin West, the President of the Royal Academy whom Linnell would visit regularly in 1804-5. Linnell recalled: ‘My visits to him were in the morning, just before he began to paint.… He looked at my drawings – often worked upon them with chalk – and gave me clear and simple instructions…. Mr West expressed himself much pleased with some black and white chalk studies of mine, made in company with William Hunt.’ ( David Linnell, op.cit. , p. 9). Two of the drawings shown to West are in the present exhibition (nos. 2 and 3). In 1804 Varley persuaded James Linnell that his son could earn as much as £400 a year as an artist. John was soon apprenticed to Varley, living with him for a year. At the end of his year with Varley, the thirteen year old Linnell applied to the Royal Academy and started at the Schools in November 1805. Early on, Linnell struck up a friendship with William Henry Hunt who had just joined Varley as a pupil. The two went on sketching expeditions through the back streets and along the riverbanks of London. Varley’s injunction to his pupils was ‘Go to Nature for everything.’ In the exhibition, the previously unknown pencil and chalk plein air drawings of this crucial early period, 1805-1806, are mostly on blue or grey paper. They are mainly London views – often unidentified, with subjects found in the nooks and crannies of the city’s streets. The exhibition also includes works from Linnell’s first main sketching tour to North Wales in 1813 (nos. 16-18), to Bognor in 1816 (nos. 19-20), Southampton in 1819 (no. 22) and Balcombe, Sussex in 1848 (nos. 24-25) as well as two later watercolours (nos. 26-27). 4 GPFA Linnell Catalogue V2.qxp_Layout 1 06/09/2017 13:53 Page 5 Works by Linnell’s fellow students, William Henry Hunt and William Turner of Oxford, from this early period are particularly rare and differ greatly from their later works. Included here are two early Thames views by Hunt (nos. 47- 48), one dated 1806 when he was sixteen. Also included are a rare early Thames view and a later Oxford view by William Turner of Oxford (nos. 49-50). John and Cornelius Varley’s lifelong fascination with the river Thames is well represented in this exhibition. Works by John Varley (nos. 28-36) also include a rare self-portrait dating from circa 1810 (no. 28) and a number of drawings likely to have been drawn alongside Linnell, Hunt and Turner of Oxford in 1804 to 1810 (nos. 29-31 and 33-35). Cornelius Varley (nos. 37-46) was a frequent visitor to his brother John’s house where Linnell came to know him well. He was the instigator of Linnell’s religious conversion to the Baptists in 1811. The exhibition includes two drawings from Cornelius Varley’s Welsh tour of 1803 (nos. 37-38), three views of Brampton Park near Huntingdon drawn in 1807 (nos. 41-43) as well as a number of Thames views. SUGGESTED BIBLIOGRAPHY J.P. Heseltine, John Varley and his Pupils (W. Mulready, J. Linnell, and W.Hunt): Original Drawings in the Collection of J. P. H. , privately printed, London, 1918 Colnaghi, A Loan Exhibition of Drawings, Watercolours, and Paintings by John Linnell and his Circle , exhibition catalogue, London, 1973 Katharine Crouan, John Linnell – a Centennial Exhibition , exhibition catalogue for the Fitzwilliam and Yale Center for British Art, Cambridge, 1982 Katharine Crouan, John Linnell. Truth to Nature (A Centennial Exhibition) , exhibition catalogue for Martyn Gregory Gallery, London, 1982 David Linnell, Blake, Palmer, Linnell & Co. – The Life of John Linnell , Sussex, 1994 Lowell Libson, Power and Poetry. The Art of John Linnell , exhibition catalogue for the Fine Art Society/ Lowell Libson Limited, London, 2008 5 GPFA Linnell Catalogue V2.qxp_Layout 1 06/09/2017 13:53 Page 6 JOHN LINNELL (1792-1882) 1 John Linnell (1792-1882) Finchley Common, Middlesex Signed lower right: Finchley common 1805? J. Linnell London, Spink-Leger, Feeling through the Eye – The ‘new’ Landscape in Black and white chalk on blue paper Britain 1800-1830 , March to April 2000, no.43 23.2 by 33 cm., 9 by 13 in. Finchley Common was the border between the parishes of Finchley, Provenance: Friern Barnet and Hornsey and existed until 1816 when it was divided with Colnaghi’s, London; up and sold off. In 1805 the campaign for enclosure had just started and George Goyder, Esq., C.B.E., his sale Christie’s, London, 12 November Finchley would have been an attractive natural environment near central 1997, lot 56; London for Linnell to sketch. with Spink-Leger, London; Private Collection, London In 1805, Linnell was only 13 and already a talented draughtsman (see Introduction). Many of Linnell’s work was signed, inscribed and dated later, Exhibited: hence the question mark after ‘1805’. Stylistically the drawing certainly Reigate, Centenary Exhibition: Samuel Palmer and John Linnell , July-August dates from this period when he was living in Bloomsbury. 1963, no. 28; 6 GPFA Linnell Catalogue V2.qxp_Layout 1 06/09/2017 13:54 Page 7 2 John Linnell (1792-1882) Studies of a Wheelbarrow Inscribed lower left: about 1805 and lower right: shewn to B. West PRA Black and white chalk on blue paper 10.4 by 16 cm., 4 by 6 ¼ in. 3 John Linnell (1792-1882) A Corner of a Yard Inscribed lower left: Drawn about 1805 and lower right: approved by B. West Black and white chalk on blue paper 12.4 by 16.3 cm., 4 ¾ by 6 ¼ in. See the introduction for more on Sir Benjamin West’s connection to Linnell. These were drawn when Linnell was only thirteen. 7 GPFA Linnell Catalogue V2.qxp_Layout 1 06/09/2017 13:55 Page 8 4 John Linnell (1792-1882) A Farmyard Signed with initials and dated 1805 lower right With a study of an arch on the same sheet under the mount Black and white chalk on buff paper Sheet 15.4 by 12.1 cm., 6 by 4 ¾ in. 5 John Linnell (1792-1882) A Pile of Rubbish Signed and dated 1806 lower centre Black and white chalk on blue-grey paper 10.9 by 21.9 cm., 4 ¼ by 8 ½ in. 8 GPFA Linnell Catalogue V2.qxp_Layout 1 06/09/2017 13:55 Page 9 6 John Linnell (1792-1882) Study of Horizon and Sky Signed and dated 1805 Black chalk on blue paper 12.4 by 11.8 cm., 4 ¾ by 4 ½ in.