INDEX

A Alceon (personal story; Fresno, AA. See California), 49–50 AA Big Book (Alcoholics , 36 Anonymous), 25–27, 46, 122, 131, , 17 133, 182 Alcohol industry, 134–139, 155, 161 AA Grapevine, 17, 136 Alcoholic, 61 Absolutist approaches, 42 Alcoholics Anonymous (AA), 9; 5 Abstinence, 92–96, 117–119 percent retention at, 23–25; 12-step Abuse, 38 approach of, 15–17; and alcohol Acetaldehyde, 174, 175 industry, 138–139; and Augustinian Activities, 91 paradigm, 109–111; Board of Addict self (A), 39–40, 42, 125; Trustees, 17; dropout rate, 24; versus sober self (S), 38–39 fi rst step of, 109; founders of, 122; Addiction, 35, 38, 145; attitudes majority of recoveries happen toward etiology of, 16; big picture outside of, 17–18; membership of etiology of, 59; neurobiological surveys, 121; step six, 132–133; roots of, 61; situational power walking away from, 115–117 of, 63 , 38; gene, 168, 171; AddictiveCOPYRIGHTED personality, 60–61 predispositionMATERIAL to, 180; treatment Addictive substances: and hijacking industry, 155 brain, 35–37; impact of, on lives, Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly, 24 37–38 AMA. See American Medical Addictogenic substances, 35 Association (AMA) Alan (case), 29–30 Amato, L., 19 Al-Anon, 138 Amends, 157–158

241

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American Lung Association, 5 Black, Hugo, 154 American Medical Association Blame, 162 (AMA), 138, 139, 156 Blum, Kenneth, 168 American Psychiatric Association, Boalt Hall School of Law (Berkeley, 141, 150, 156 California), 5 American Scientist, 168 Body, 91, 97 Amulet, 57 Boettinger, Charlotte, 157 Anonymity, Alcoholics Anonymous Brain chemistry, 36 doctrine of, 138 Brain imaging devices, 79 Antabuse, 174 British Isles, 107 Antisocial personality, 174 Brooklyn, New York, 10 Archimedes, 42 Brooksville Congress (Brooksville, Arkansas, 20 Florida), 12–13 A-S Chart, 67, 68 Bryer, Doctor (Kaiser Permanente), Ashcraft, Lori, 104 9, 11 Asian Americans, 175 Buchman, Frank, 132 Asthma, 158 Buddhism, 113 Atherosclerosis, 151 Buprenorphine, 31 Augustine, Saint, 10, 108, 112–114; Burnham, John C., 135, 139 and Augustinian paradigm of Alcoholics Anonymous, 110, C 111; and doctrine of Alcoholics California legislature, 159 Anonymous, 109 Calvin, John, 10, 113, 116 Austin, Texas, 154 Canadian physicians, 157 Authoritarian relationships, 79 Cancer, 158 Autism, 171 Cannabis, 36 Carr, Allen, 64 B Carthage, 107 Barbiturates, 132 Catholicism, 113 Barth, Karl, 8 Cathy K. (personal story; Nanaimo, Beautiful Mind, A (movie), 108 B.C, Canada), 143 Bekennede Kirche movement, 8 Caucasians, 174–175 Belladonna, 132 Center for Services Benzodiazepines, 35 ( and Mental Bettye, D. (personal story; Nashville, Heath Service Administration), 86 Tennessee), 114 Center for Substance Abuse Bible, Christian, 10, 117 Treatment (Substance Abuse Bibliotherapy, 90 and Mental Health Service Birmingham, Alabama, 20 Administration), 86

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Centers for Disease Control Counseling profession, and Prevention (Atlanta, 18–20, 117, 126 Georgia), 146 Craig W. (personal story; Port Centre for Drug Misuse (Glasgow Townsend, Washington), 46 University), 180 Craving, 3, 59, 62 Character, theories of, 58–59. See also Creative types, 38 Defects of character Credit, 73 Chemical dependency, 145; great Cross-talk, 72, 79–80 mystery of, 32; treatment Crowe, Russell, 108 programs, 65 Cue preference, 59 Choice muscles, 66–68 Culture, 92 Christian Science, 132 Current events, 76 Christianity, 107, 112, 114 Cigarettes, 36 D Client-side perspective, 25–27 Damon, Matt, 54 Cloud, William, 17, 93, 115, 163 Dan H. (personal story; Club drugs, 35 San Francisco, California), 173 Cocaine, 35–37, 60 Dark Ages, 107, 112, 126 Cochrane Database of Systematic Davenport, Iowa, 23 Reviews (Ferri, Amato, and David F. (personal story; San Rafael, Davoli), 19 California), 180 COGA. See Collaborative Studies Davoli, M., 19 on Genetics of Alcoholism Project Dawson, Deborah, 17 (COGA) Day One, 108 Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, 110 Defects of character, 16, 58, 121, Collaborative Studies on Genetics 132–133, 142, 157–158, 162 of Alcoholism Project Dependence, 38 (COGA), 171 Diabetes, 151, 153, 158 Comfort, 102 Diagnostic and Statistical Manual Communication, 56 (DSM-IV; American Psychiatric Conditioning, 61 Association), 34–35, 39, 169 Confessions (St. Augustine), 107 Diet, 55, 97 Confi dentiality, 73 Dimeff, Linda, 103–104 Congress, 138, 140 Disease Concept of Alcoholism Connection, 56, 81 ( Jellinek), 137 Conrad, Peter, 155, 156 Disease label, 14 Convenors, 70 Disease theory, 129–166; and Co-occurring disorders, 86 abstinence, 151–153; cure for, Coopersmith, Professor, 3 163–166; and disease treatment

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without doctors, 158–161; and Ernest Gallo Clinic and Research drinking and public health, Center, 157 146–161; and medical business, Ethanol, 35, 36, 61 130–146; and powerlessness, Ethyl alcohol, 35, 36, 61, 166 131–133; and reduction of social Eugenics, 180–181 stigma, 148–151; and Supreme Exercise, 55, 97 Court, 154–155; why physicians have trouble with, 155–158 F Disorder, 164 Feedback, 72, 79–80 Disulfi ram, 174–175 Feelings, 92 Divided self, 32–43; and addict Ferri, M., 19 self (A) versus sober self (s), Fields, Howard, 157 38–39; biochemical cause of, 42; Fletcher, Anne M., 93 as clinical reality, 33–35; hope in, Ford, Betty, 150 40–43; radical simplifi cation of, Freedom, rehearsing, 56–57 39–40 Friendship House (San Francisco, Division of Treatment and California), 45 Recovery Research (National Institute on and G Alcoholism), 25 Gal (personal story; Seattle, DNA helix, 169 Washington), 100 Dodes, Lance, 119, 120, 122 Gardner, Eliot, 59 Dopamine, 37 Gay movement, 156 “Drunkalogues,” 81 Genetic fatalism, 179–183; and Dry drunk, 111 alcoholics as people apart, DSM-IV. See Diagnostic and Statistical 182–183; and eugenics, Manual (DSM-IV) 180–181 Dukakis, Kitty, 150 Genetics, 167–183; and autism, 171; and dangers of genetic fatalism, E 179–180; and genetic trait that Eastern Orthodox Church, 113 protects against alcoholism, Eddy, Mary Baker, 132 174–175; and guarded generalities, Electricity, 41 172–173; and headline fanta- Empathy, 82 sies versus laboratory research, Empathy neurons, 80–81 168–177; and high risk of low Emrick, Chad D., 19 responsiveness, 175–177; and Endorphins, 55 molecular studies, 169–171; and Environment, immediate, 91 search for alcoholism gene, 171; Episcopalian Church, 10 and studies of twins, 168–169

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Germany, 17 Higher power, 10, 16, 115, 118 Gillian E. (personal story; Hinduism, 113 San Francisco, California), 94 Hippo, 107 Ginger S. (personal story; Mountain History, 92 View, California), 125 Hitting bottom, 52 Glasgow University, 180 HIV/AIDS, 149–150 Glendale, California, 21 Homosexuality, 150, 156 Glide Memorial Church Hooked (Shavelson), 33, 45, 48 (San Francisco, California), 124 Horgan, Constance, 19 God, 107, 112, 127, 159; as Great Horizontal synergy, 79, 80 Soul Surgeon, 132, 133 How Was Your Week convenor’s Goldstein, Avram, 36 handbook, 80 Good feeling, 102–103 “How was your week?” format, 71, Good Will Hunting (movie), 54 74–76 Gordis, Enoch, 140 “How Well Does AA Work?” Granfi eld, Robert, 17, 93, (McIntire), 24 115, 163 Hughes Act (1970), 140, 141 Grundrisse (Marx), 5 Humor, 53–54 Huntington’s disease, 170 H Hypertension, 151, 153, 158 Habit, 164; different styles of breaking, 64–66; power I of, 61–68 Illness, 131, 137 Han Chinese, 174 Independent sobrietists, 18 Harlan, John, 154 Indigenous people Harvard University, 34, 103, 119; (North America), 174 Medical School, 17 Individualized approach, 85–86 Hawaii, 20 Informed eclecticism, 86 Healthy striving, pole of, 42 Inner confl ict, 40–43, 108. See also Heart disease, 151, 158 Divided self Hebb, D. O., 77 Inner strengths, 165 Hebb’s Law, 77–79 Insanity clause, 121, 134, Heilig, Markus, 157 157–158, 164 Helena, Montana, 21 Insurance companies, 137–138, 140, Heraclitus, 7 144, 148 Herman, Judith, 103 Internet, 66 Heroin, 35, 60, 63, 145, 152 Investment, 102 Hester, Reid, 86, 161 Islam, 113 High blood pressure, 152 Italian neuroscientists, 80

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J L J. Jones (personal story; Hayward, La Crosse, Wisconsin, 21 California), 182 Labeling, 14, 40, 74, 137, 149, 150, James G. (personal story; Nashville, 163, 188 Tennessee), 148 Lecturing, 71 Japanese, 174, 175 Licensed Beverage Jekyll and Hyde inner split, Industries, Inc., 135 32–33, 35, 108. See also LifeRing meeting, 70–76; dynamic of, Divided self 76–83; feedback and cross-talk in, Jellinek, Elvin Morton, 137 79–80; and horizontal synergy, 79; Jews, 174 and “How was your week?” format, Jim R. (personal story; Oakland, 74–76; key points about, 71–73; California), 71 and labels, 74; and mirror neurons, John B. (personal story; 80–81; and neurobiological dimen- San Francisco, California), 78 sion of sober self-empowerment, John D. (personal story; Benicia, 77–79; and reinforcing sober California), 133 selves, 70–73; spiritual dimension Johnson, Lyndon, 139 of, 81–83 Jonesboro, Arkansas, 21 LifeRing Secular Recovery: Journal of the American Medical founding of, 12–13; invitation to, Association, 133 188–190; meeting format, 14–15; Judaism, 113 philosophy, 13–15; similarities and Jung, C. G., 141 differences with 12-step, 15–17; voices from fi eld on, 20–23 K LifeRing Service Center (Oakland, Kaiser Permananente California), 190 Alcohol and Drug Abuse Lifestyle, 92 Program, 9, 12, 63, 125, Lincoln, Abraham, 186, 187 133, 158, 178 Luther, Martin, 10 Kansas City, Kansas, 10 Kasl, Charlotte, 124 M Keller, Helen, 57 Malady, 131, 137 Ketcham, Katherine, 115 Manchester, New Hampshire, 22 Kevin (personal story), 167 Manichean teaching, 107, 112 Kilpatrick, Jean, 122, 124 Mann, Marty, 134–137, 141, Koob, George, 34 148–150, 155 Koreans, 174 Many Roads One Journey Kurtz, Ernest, 138, 142, (Kasl), 124 143, 146 Marijuana Anonymous, 15

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Mark H. (personal story; Motivational Interviewing, San Francisco, California), 64 26, 38, 110 Marlatt, Alan, 103–104 Multiple personality disorder, 40 Marshall, Thurgood, 154 N Marx, Karl, 5 Mary B. (personal story; San Rafael, Naimi, Tim, 146 California), 178 Narcissism, 82, 142 M.B. (personal story; Union City, Narcotics Anonymous, 15 California), 153 Nash, John, 108 McCarthy, Thomas F., 135 National Council for Education on McIntire, D., 24–25 Alcoholism (NCEA/NCADD), 136, 140, 155–156 McKeganey, Neil, 180 National Institute of Alcohol Abuse Meanness, 82 and Alcoholism (NIAAA), 17, 25, Medical business, 130–146; 140, 157, 171 conquers Alcoholics National Institute on Drug Abuse Anonymous, 141–144 (NIDA), 85–86 Medical detoxifi cation, 65 Nazism, 180 Medicalization, 141, 155 NCEA/NCADD. See National Meeting format, 14–15 Council for Education on Mendelian inheritance, 170 Alcoholism (NCEA/NCADD) Mercadante, Linda, 114, 129 Negative emotions, 120–121 Methadone, 152 Negative judgments, 47 Methamphetamine, 35–37, 48 Nematodes, 59 Methodist Theological School Neuroimaging studies, 68 (Ohio), 114 New alcoholism movement, 161–162 Metro Public Health (Nashville, New Deal, 122 Tennessee), 21 New Jersey, 21 Miami, Florida, 22 New Mexico, 146 Michael W. (personal story; Victoria, Nicolaus, Fritz, 8 B.C., Canada), 119 Nicotine, 35, 36, 60, 63, 144, 166 Midanik, Lorraine, 147 NIDA. See National Institute on Mike T. (personal story), 146 Drug Abuse (NIDA) Milam, Kenneth, 61, 143 Niemöller, Martin, 8 Miller, William R., 86, 161 Mirror neurons, 80–81 O Molecular studies, 169–171 Oakland, California, 5, 9, 75, Moral inventory, 120, 121, 142, 158, 190 157–158, 162 Old Testament, 112 Morphine, 35 Opiates, 35, 36, 145

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Opium, 58 Priming dose, 96 Opponent process, 34 Professional help, self-help and, Original sin, 112–114, 126 103–106 Orofi no, Idaho, 23 , 134, 161 Oxford Group, 109, 117, 131–133 Protestant doctrine, 10, 113 Oxycontin, 35 PRP. See Personal recovery program Psychoactive medications, 15 P Public funding, 137–138 Palestine, 107 Public health, 146–161 Paralysis of volition, 66–68 Paraphernalia, 56, 65 R Pavlov’s dog, 61, 62 Racial superiority, 180 Peer-based relationships, 79 Raleigh, North Carolina, 23 Pelagius, 107, 108, 112–114 RCPA. See Research Council on People, 91 Problems of Alcohol (RCPA) Personal recovery program (PRP), 14; Receptors, 36 and abstinence, 93–96; building, Recovery, 38; as liberation, 185–188 72–106; challenges and rewards Recovery by Choice, 67; workbook, of, 99–106; nine work areas for, 89–90 90–93; reason for, 85–96; on your Reframing, 55 own, 96–99 Relapse, 47, 103–104, 120, 152; Personality confl icts, 142 behavior, 59 Pharmacological tools, 15 Research Council on Problems of Physicians, 155–158; Canadian, 157 Alcohol (RCPA), 134, 135 Pinocchio (movie), 40 Resilience, 102 Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 22 Resources for recovery, 237–238 Popes, 114 Responsibility, 73 Portability, 102 Righteousness, islands of, 113–114 Positive attitude, 53, 73 Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, 19 Powell, Leroy, 154 Rockefeller, John D., 161–162 Powerlessness, 49, 107–127, 157; Roman Empire, 112 choice or, 108–114; feelings of, Roosevelt, F. D., 122 leading people to drink, 119–121; Rush, Benjamin, 149 and fi rst drink, 117–119; how doctrine of, drives out newcomers, S 115–121; and problems of Sacramento, California, 21 zero-power doctrine, 109–112; for Salivation, 61 women and minorities, 122–127 Sam (personal story; Seattle, Preaching, 71 Washington), 142 Present, focus on, 71–72 San Diego, California, 22, 23

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San Francisco, California, 33, 45 66–68; motivating self to start, Sandy (personal story), 31 53–58; and neurobiologi- Sarah (personal story), 167, 179 cal dimension of sober self- Schizophrenia, 40 empowerment, 77–79; and power Schuckit, Marc, 175–177 of habit, 61–68; and power of Schweitzer, Albert, 29, 42 self-conditioning, 62–64; Science and Health with Key to the preparing, for action, 45–68; Scriptures (Eddy), 132 reinforcing, 46–53 Scripps Institute (San Diego, , 14, 15; as adventure, 57 California), 34 Sobriety Priority T-Chart, 67 Seattle, Washington, 21 Social networks, 66 Secularity, 14 Solution-Focused Self, innate selfi shness of, 111 Therapy, 26, 110 Self-effi cacy, 96, 102, 104, Sontag, Susan, 149 112, 117, 165 Speechifying, 71 Self-empowerment, 95–96 Spiritual awakening, 157–158 Self-help, 14, 101, 110; and Spiritual disease, 132, 157 professional help, 103–106 Spiritual experience, 132 Self-knowledge, 102 Spirituality, 81–83 Self-mediation, 58 Sproul, R. C., 114 Self-responsibility, 117 Stevenson, Robert Louis, 32–33 Self-treatment, 89 Stewart, Pablo, 48 Senay, Edward, 34, 42 S-to-S communications, 70, 76 Sexual problems, 142 Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll Shame, 72 and Mr. Hyde, The (Stevenson), Shavelson, Lonny, 33, 45, 48, 62 32–33 Shawn B. (personal story; New York Strength-based approaches, City), 115 26, 110, 165 Shelley, Percy Bysshe, 50 Strengths, making Shortcomings, 157–158 talisman of, 57 “S-icide,” 118–119 Stress, 63, 120, 169 Silkworth, William, 131, 132, 137 Structure, 90 Situational strength, 51 Substance abuse, 145 Sleep, 55–56 Substance Abuse: A Comprehensive Sober capital, 51 Textbook (Horgan), 87 Sober self (S), 39–40, 125, 185–186, Substance Abuse and Mental 188; addicted self versus, 38–39; Health Service Administration and defects in character, 58–61; (SAMHSA), 86 and developing choice muscles, Substance Abuse Factbook, 19

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Substance dependence: U defi nition of, 39; physiological Under the Infl uence (Milam), 143 dimension of, 58–59; symptoms unhooked.com, 13 of, 169 University of California, 22 Support, 73 University of California, Support groups, 66, 92 Berkeley, 147 Surrender, 159 University of Chicago, 34 Survival instinct, 56 University of New Mexico, S.W. (personal story; San Francisco, 86, 93, 161 California), 123 University of Washington, 103–104 U.S. Supreme Court, 154–155, 157 T Taiwan, 174 V Taylor, Elizabeth, 150 Vaillant, George, 17, 19, 34, 104 Television, 54–55 Vallejo, California, 133 THC, 35 Vermont, 21 Thomas Aquinas, Saint, 10 Vertical synergy, 79 Three “S” philosophy, 13–14 Vesicles, 36 Tiana (personal story), 179–180 Vicodin, 35 Tiebout, Doctor, 137, 141, 151 Vietnam veterans, 63 Time, 91 Visualization, 53 Tobacco, 144–146 Volitional anatomy, 66–67 Toxic visual stimuli, 54–55 Traditional recovery protocol, 47 W Treatment, 92 Wake-up call, 50–53 Triggers, 63 Warren, Earl, 154 Trish M. (personal story; Pacifi ca, Warrensburg, Missouri, 22 California), 87 Washington, George, 149 Troy B. (personal story; Washington Temperance Society San Francisco, California), 158 (Springfi eld, Illinois), 186 Tuberculosis, 149 Wesleyan University, 3 12-step approach, 15–17, 25, White, William L., 26–27, 33, 93, 118; and Augustinian 87, 133, 134, 138, 139, doctrine of Alcoholics 142–143, 146 Anonymous, 109; and Willenbring, Mark, 25 gauntlet of negative emotions, Williams, Cecil, 124 120–121; and zero-power Williams, Robin, 54 doctrine, 109–112 Wilson, Bill, 18, 109, 122, 129–133, Twins, studies of, 168–169 136, 141, 142, 151, 182

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Wing, Nell, 139 Y Wisconsin, 3 Yale University, 135 Withdrawal, 52; medical assistance Yolanda (personal story), 30–31 during, 65 Women for Sobriety, 122, 124 Z Wrongs, 157–158, 162 Zero-power doctrine, 109–112, 115

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