Increasing Short-Term Throughput on the -Oakland Bay Bridge

Kevin Carstens, EIT

Committee: Anurag Pande, Ph.D., Chair Robert Bertini, Ph.D., P.E. Cornelius Nuworsoo, Ph.D.

June 2017

Source: FHWA

Source: my.calpoly.edu Source: mtc.ca.gov Presentation Outline

• Introduction • Time-Demand-Capacity Analysis • Strategy Analysis by Mode • Recommendations

Source: suwalls.com

2 of 26 Presentation Outline Introduction

3 of 26 Introduction Background – Existing Services

• Private vehicle • Bus • AC Transit • WestCAT Lynx • SolTrans 200 • Train (BART) • Ferry (WETA) • Not considered: • Thruway • Greyhound • Marin/Sonoma

4 of 26 Introduction Background – Existing Congestion

• Private vehicle • Bridge has worst Bay Area congestion • Bus • Often standing room only Source: citylab.com • BART • Often at crush conditions • Ferry • Leaves passengers behind

Source: gjel.com

5 of 26 Introduction Background – Long-Range Plans

• Proposed second: • Bay Bridge • Transbay Tube • 30+ years away

• Solution needed now Source: structuremag.org

Source: sf.streetsblog.org

6 of 26 Introduction Time-Demand-Capacity (TDC) Analysis

7 of 26 TDC Analysis Data Introduction • Demand data: • Private vehicle: hourly data and occupancy • BART: 15 minute origin-destination data • Bus and ferry: per-trip data • Capacity data: • Capacity per vehicle • Timetables for transit • Seat capacity for private vehicle

8 of 26 TDC Analysis Demand

Westbound person throughput by mode

Private Vehicles (Non-HOV) Private Vehicles (HOV) BART AC Transit WETA WestCAT Lynx SolTrans 200

12000

11000

10000

9000

8000

7000

6000 Persons 5000

4000

3000

2000

1000

0

0:00 0:30 1:00 1:30 2:00 2:30 3:00 3:30 4:00 4:30 5:00 5:30 6:00 6:30 7:00 7:30 8:00 8:30 9:00 9:30

10:00 10:30 11:00 11:30 12:00 12:30 13:00 13:30 14:00 14:30 15:00 15:30 16:00 16:30 17:00 17:30 18:00 18:30 19:00 19:30 20:00 20:30 21:00 21:30 22:00 22:30 23:00 23:30 Time of Day (24 hr)

9 of 26 TDC Analysis Demand

Eastbound person throughput by mode

Private Vehicles BART AC Transit WETA WestCAT Lynx SolTrans 200

12000

11000

10000

9000

8000

7000

6000 Persons 5000

4000

3000

2000

1000

0

0:00 0:30 1:00 1:30 2:00 2:30 3:00 3:30 4:00 4:30 5:00 5:30 6:00 6:30 7:00 7:30 8:00 8:30 9:00 9:30

10:00 10:30 11:00 11:30 12:00 12:30 13:00 13:30 14:00 14:30 15:00 15:30 16:00 16:30 17:00 17:30 18:00 18:30 19:00 19:30 20:00 20:30 21:00 21:30 22:00 22:30 23:00 23:30 Time of Day (24 hr)

10 of 26 TDC Analysis Strategy Analysis by Mode

11 of 26 Strategy Analysis Strategy Analysis - Cars: • Parking: • Currently: 4 lots with 503 stalls • MTC and this thesis: 8 more lots with 1341 stalls • BART parking

12 of 26 Strategy Analysis Strategy Analysis - Cars:

• Ridesharing: • Partner with TNCs for station access • Vanpool/minibus apps (e.g. Chariot) • Casual carpool apps (e.g. Scoop)

Source: chariot.com

13 of 26 Strategy Analysis Strategy Analysis - Cars:

• Carpooling: • Enhanced casual carpooling • Shifting attitudes on carpooling • Increased enforcement • Increased HOV patrols • Citizen reporting • Tolling: • Electronic tolling at Bay Bridge Toll Plaza • Eastbound tolling • Bidirectional tolling • Downtown San Francisco cordon • Congestion pricing

14 of 26 Strategy Analysis Strategy Analysis – Buses/HOVs:

• Service expansions: • AC Transit • WestCAT Lynx • Soltrans 200 • Queue jumps: • West Grand Avenue • MacArthur Blvd • Powell Street

Source: MTC

15 of 26 Strategy Analysis Strategy Analysis - BART:

• Improve train capacity (7, 8, or 9 car trains to 10) • 15 cars = 1,050 seat capacity = 3,000 crush capacity • Improve station capacity • Alter service • Skip-stop “metro” service • Express service

Source: AECOM

16 of 26 Strategy Analysis Strategy Analysis - Planning:

• Change corporate cultures • Promote telecommuting • Reduce need for car at workplace • Land-use planning • Bring jobs to residents and residences to jobsites • Transit-oriented development • Long-term strategy, but needs to start now

17 of 26 Strategy Analysis Recommendations

18 of 26 Recommendations Recommendations

• Strategies analyzed by individual components • Costs/benefits provided when available • Costs/benefits estimated when not • Costs/benefits binned for comparison • Cost by quantitative value (including net gain) • Benefit by qualitative value

19 of 26 Recommendations 20 of 26 Recommendations Recommendations Priority 1: Implement Now 1a Upgrade West Grand Avenue Onramp to Bus Lane Standards – Base Proposal Upgrade West Grand Avenue Onramp to Bus Lane Standards – I-580 Eastbound 1b Onramp to Maritime Avenue Intersection Extension Upgrade West Grand Avenue Onramp to Bus Lane Standards – Extension Past 1c Maritime Avenue Intersection HOV Improvements at Powell Street and I-80 in Emeryville – Powell Street 2b Onramp Conversion to HOV and Adding More Movements to Access the Onramp HOV Improvements at Powell Street and I-80 in Emeryville – Convert Right Lane 2c of I-80 to HOV from Powell Street Onramp to Existing HOV 5i Commuter Parking – Partner with Ridesharing Apps for Station Access Partner with Developers of Ridesharing Mobile Applications – 6a Vanpools/Minibuses 9b Increased Enforcement – Citizen Reporting System 10 Electronic Tolling at the Bay Bridge Toll Plaza 14b Eastbound Tolling – Convert the Bay Bridge Toll Plaza into a Bidirectional Facility 15 Changing Corporate Cultures 16 Land-Use Planning Changes

21 of 26 Recommendations Recommendations Priority 2: Implement Soon 4a Expand Bus Service – AC Transit 4b Expand Bus Service – WestCAT 5a Commuter Parking – I-80 and Buchanan Street 5b Commuter Parking – I-880 and Fruitvale Avenue 5c Commuter Parking – I-880 and High Street 5d Commuter Parking – I-580 and Fairmont Drive/Foothill Boulevard 5e Commuter Parking – I-580 and Golf Links Road/98th 7 Enhanced Casual Carpooling 8 Shifting Attitudes on Carpooling 11a BART Capacity Increases – Improving Train Capacity 11b BART Capacity Increases – Improving Station Capacity 12a Altered BART Service – Skip-Stop “Metro” Service 12b Altered BART Service – Express Service

22 of 26 Recommendations Recommendations Priority 3: Implement When Feasible HOV Improvements at Powell Street and I-80 in Emeryville – Park-and- 2d Ride Lot 3 MacArthur Onramp Bus Lane 5f Commuter Parking – SR-24 and Telegraph Avenue/56th Street 5h Commuter Parking – BART Parking Capacity Increases Partner with Developers of Ridesharing Mobile Applications – Casual 6b Carpools 9a Increased Enforcement – Adding HOV Facility Patrols 13 Congestion Pricing 14a Eastbound Tolling – Downtown San Francisco Cordon Priority 4: Recommend Against Implementation HOV Improvements at Powell Street and I-80 in Emeryville – Convert 2a Right Lane of I-80 to HOV from Before West Frontage Road Onramp to Powell Street Onramp 4c Expand Bus Service - SolTrans 5g Commuter Parking – I-580 and Broadway/Piedmont Avenue

23 of 26 Recommendations Acknowledgements

24 of 26 Acknowledgements Acknowledgements

• Sources/References: (eight pages available upon request) • Data providers: • Kevin Chen (MTC), Brendan Monaghan and Duncan Watry (BART), Michael Eshleman (AC Transit), Scott Houston (WETA), Julia Schnell (WestCAT), Philip Kamhi (STA), Wingate Lew (Caltrans) • Guidance and funding: • Ashley Nguyen and Andrew Fremier (MTC) • Committee: • Dr. Anurag Pande (chair), Dr. Robert Bertini, Dr. Cornelius Nuworsoo • Support: • My wife Alisha, my family, and my friends

25 of 26 Acknowledgements Questions?

Source: npr.org

26 of 26 Conclusion