ENERGY FOR RURAL TRANSFORMATION PROJECT (ERT III) UNDER RURAL ELECTRIFICATION AGENCY
ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESEMNT
Public Disclosure Authorized FOR THE PROPOSED 33KV DISTRIBUTION LINES IN THE DISTRICTS OF MASAKA, GOMBA, BUTAMBALA, MUKONO AND LUWERO (PACKAGE 2, LOT 4, 5 & 6)
Public Disclosure Authorized
PROJECT COMPONENTS/POWERLINE SEGMENTS Project Name/Line Segment(s) Length Host District/s Kyabadaza-Masankwa, Nyanama-Mpenja-Maseruka, Kiriri- 123km Gomba/Butambala Public Disclosure Authorized Kasasa, Mpenja-Nsambwe-Kanoni-Mamba-Mauki Nakifuma-Nagojje, Walusimbi-Katogo-Mbaliga-Namere, & 71.7km Mukono Nakasajja-Kyampisi with tee-off Kasawo-Luwero Mitemula-Nakiyaga-Nkuke-Kyanamukaka with tee-offs 125km Masaka Nkule-Kitengesa, Bukeri-Namirembe & Baale Landing sites, Kyanamukaka-Butamo
DEVELOPER RURAL ELECTRIFICATION AGENCY (REA) PLot 10 Windsor Loop Kololo, House of Hope, 2nd Floor P.O Box 7317, Kampala, Uganda Tel +256-312-318100
Public Disclosure Authorized Email [email protected]
JULY, 2018
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Pagei
CERTIFICATION
We the undersigned certify that this ESIA for the Rural Electrification Agency Distribution Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts was conducted under our direction, supervision and based on the Terms of Reference provided to us by Rural Electrification Agency. We hereby certify that the particulars given in this ESIA report are correct and true to the best of our knowledge:
Other contributing specialists Muhumuza Moses Project Manager Namutosi Olivia Sociologist Amweno Norah Sociologist Buyinza Godfrey. Electrical Engineer Mpaburungi Philip GIS Mapping Specialist Katwesigye Pearl Environmentalist Agaba Derrick Environmentalist Fredrick Nkurunziza Ecologist Twesiime Brian Socio-Economist
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Pageii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CERTIFICATION ...... ii LIST OF ACRONYMS ...... x EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...... xiii 1 INTRODUCTION ...... 1 1.1 Rural Electrification in Uganda ...... 1 1.2 Energy for Rural Transformation (ERT) project ...... 1 1.2.1 Energy for Rural Transformation Phases III ...... 1 1.3 Project location ...... 1 1.4 Project justification ...... 9 1.5 The need for the ESIA ...... 9 1.5.1 Overview ...... 9 1.5.2 Purpose of the ESIA ...... 9 1.6 Approach and methodology ...... 10 1.6.1 Overview ...... 10 1.6.2 Literature Review ...... 10 1.6.3 Stakeholders‟ consultations ...... 10 1.6.4 Physical measurement and assessment of environmental parameters ...... 13 1.6.5 Visual Observation ...... 14 1.6.6 Impact screening ...... 14 1.6.7 Assessment, evaluation and analysis of potential adverse impacts ...... 14 1.6.8 Report writing ...... 15 1.7 Structure of the Environmental Impact Statement ...... 15 2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION ...... 16 2.1 Background ...... 16 2.2 Project funding ...... 16 2.3 Proposed project activities ...... 16 2.3.1 Construction phase activities ...... 16 2.3.1.1 Overview ...... 16 2.3.1.2 Stringing and tensioning of conductors ...... 18 2.3.2 Major accessories ...... 19 2.3.2.1 Stays assemblies ...... 19 2.3.2.2 Insulators ...... 19 2.3.2.3 ABC conductors ...... 20 2.3.3 Equipment ...... 20 2.3.4 The distribution corridor ...... 20 2.3.5 Access roads ...... 21 2.3.6 Labour Force ...... 22 2.4 Operation and Maintenance (O & M) ...... 22
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Pageiii
2.5 Decommissioning ...... 22 3 POLICY, LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK ...... 24 3.1 Introduction ...... 24 3.2 Policy Framework ...... 24 3.1.1 National (Ugandan Policies) ...... 24 3.2.1.1 Overview ...... 24 3.2.1.2 The National Energy Policy, 2002 ...... 24 3.2.1.3 The National Environmental Management Policy, 1994 ...... 25 3.2.1.4 Vision 2025 ...... 25 3.2.1.5 Uganda‟s Vision 2040 ...... 25 3.2.1.6 National Gender Policy (1997) ...... 26 3.2.1.7 HIV/AIDS Policy 1992 ...... 26 3.2.1.8 Wetlands Policy, 1995 ...... 27 3.2.1.9 National Development Plan II...... 27 3.2.1.10 Land Policy 2012 ...... 28 3.2.1.11 National water policy 1999 ...... 28 3.2.2 Development Partner Policies ...... 29 3.2.2.1 Overview ...... 29 3.2.2.2 World Bank Operational Policies ...... 29 3.2.2.3 The World Bank Group Environmental, Health and Safety Guidelines for Electric Power Transmission and Distribution ...... 32 3.3 Legal Frame Work...... 34 3.3.1 Overview ...... 34 3.3.2 The Constitution of the Republic of Uganda, 1995 ...... 35 3.3.3 National Environmental Act, CAP 153 ...... 35 3.3.4 The Environmental Impact Assessment Regulations, 1998 ...... 36 3.3.5 The National Environment (Control and Certification of Environmental Practitioners) Regulations, 2001 ...... 36 3.3.6 The National Environment (Waste Management) regulations, 1999 ...... 37 3.3.7 The National Environment (Wet Land, River Bank and Lake shores Management), Regulations 2001 ...... 37 3.3.8 The Electricity Act Cap 145 ...... 38 3.3.9 The Land Act Cap 227 ...... 38 3.3.10 The Uganda Wildlife Act, Cap 2000 ...... 40 3.3.11 Historical and Monument Act, 1967 ...... 40 3.3.12 Occupational Safety and Health Act, 2006 ...... 41 3.3.13 National Forestry and Tree Planting Act, 2003 ...... 41 3.3.14 Public Health Act Cap 281 ...... 41 3.3.15 Workers Compensation Act, 2000 ...... 41 3.3.16 Occupational Safety and Health Act, 2006 ...... 42 3.3.17 Employment Act 2006 and Other related Acts ...... 42 3.3.18 The Uganda Investment Code, 1991 ...... 42
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Pageiv
3.4 International Legislations ...... 42 3.4.1 Overview ...... 42 3.5 GAP analysis ...... 44 3.6 Institutional framework ...... 53 3.6.1 National Environmental Management Authority, NEMA ...... 53 3.6.2 Ministry of Energy and Mineral Development, MEMD ...... 53 3.6.3 Electricity Regulatory Authority, ERA ...... 53 3.6.4 Local Government Administration Structures ...... 54 3.6.5 Ministry of Gender, Labour & Social Development, MGLSD ...... 54 3.6.6 Rural Electrification Agency, REA ...... 54 4 BIOPHYSICAL AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC BASELINE OF THE PROJECT THE AREA 4.1 BIOPHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT ...... 55 4.1.1 Topography ...... 55 4.1.2 Geology and oils ...... 59 4.1.3 Climate ...... 63 4.1.3.1 Masaka Lot ...... 63 4.1.3.2 Gomba/Butambala Lot ...... 63 4.1.3.3 Mukono Lot ...... 63 4.1.4 Noise ...... 67 4.1.5 Land cover and land use ...... 70 4.1.6 BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT ...... 74 4.1.7 Overview ...... 74 4.1.8 Flora ...... 74 4.1.9 Wetlands ...... 75 4.1.10 Central forest reserves ...... 79 4.1.11 Mammals ...... 80 4.1.12 Birds ...... 81 4.1.13 Physical cultural features ...... 85 4.1.13.1 Overview ...... 85 4.1.13.2 Findings on physical cultural features ...... 85 4.2 SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT ...... 89 4.2.1 Project location ...... 89 4.2.2 Social environment and other aspects of the project area (Masaka) ...... 93 4.2.2.1 Population ...... 93 4.2.2.2 Ethnicity ...... 93 4.2.2.3 Education ...... 93 4.2.2.4 Health ...... 94 4.2.2.5 Access to Water ...... 94 4.2.2.6 Power supply and Consumption ...... 95 4.2.2.7 Communication facilities ...... 95 4.2.2.8 Urbanization and development ...... 95 4.2.2.9 Main economic activities ...... 95
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Pagev
4.2.2.10 Land tenure system ...... 96 4.2.3 Social environment and other aspects of the project area (Mukono district) ... 98 4.2.3.1 Demographic characteristics ...... 98 4.2.3.2 Health ...... 98 4.2.3.3 Education ...... 99 4.2.3.4 Religion and Culture ...... 99 4.2.3.5 Economic activities ...... 99 4.2.3.6 District Infrastructure ...... 100 4.2.3.7 Industrialization ...... 100 4.2.3.8 Communication ...... 101 4.2.4 Social environment and other aspects of the project area (Gomba district) .. 102 4.2.4.1 Political and administrative structures ...... 102 4.2.4.2 Population ...... 103 4.2.4.3 Economic Activity ...... 103 4.2.4.4 Water and Sanitation ...... 103 4.2.4.5 Gender ...... 104 4.2.4.6 Land use and land tenure ...... 104 4.2.4.7 Sources of livelihood ...... 104 4.2.4.8 Energy Sources ...... 105 4.2.4.9 Education and literacy ...... 105 4.2.4.10 House hold Size ...... 106 4.2.4.11 Age Distribution ...... 106 4.2.4.12 Health Infrastructure ...... 106 4.2.5 Social environment and other aspects of the project area (Butambala district) 4.2.5.1 Political and administrative structures...... 107 4.2.5.2 Infrastructure ...... 107 4.2.5.3 Land use and land tenure ...... 108 4.2.5.4 Sources of livelihood ...... 108 4.2.5.5 Energy Sources ...... 108 4.2.5.6 Education and literacy ...... 109 4.2.5.7 Population ...... 109 4.2.5.8 Economic Activity ...... 109 4.2.5.9 Land Tenure ...... 110 5 PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND DISCLOSURE ...... 111 5.1 Introduction ...... 111 5.2 Stakeholder Analysis ...... 111 5.2.1 Stakeholders Consulted ...... 111 5.2.2 Stakeholder Engagement ...... 112 5.2.3 Summary of Key Public concerns about the project ...... 113 5.2.3.1 Local communities ...... 113 5.2.3.2 Lead agencies ...... 115 5.2.3.3 Opinions of other stakeholders ...... 117
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Pagevi
5.2.3.4 opinions from Masaka district officials ...... 117 5.2.3.5 Opinions from Gomba district officials ...... 119 5.2.3.6 Opinions from Butambala District Officials ...... 120 5.2.3.7 Opinions from Mukono district officials ...... 121 5.3 Compensation and Grievance Redress ...... 122 5.4 Vulnerability ...... 122 5.5 Cultural and Communal Property ...... 122 5.6 Community Participation in the Project ...... 122 5.7 Grievance Redress ...... 122 5.8 Public Disclosure Plan ...... 123 5.9 Conclusion ...... 123 6 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES ...... 124 6.1 Introduction ...... 124 6.2 Technological options of evacuating power to the point of inter connection ...... 124 6.2.1 Overview ...... 124 6.2.2 Overhead Distribution lines ...... 124 6.2.3 Underground cables ...... 124 6.2.4 Distribution lines versus underground cables ...... 125 6.2.4.1 Land Use ...... 125 6.2.4.2 Visual Impact ...... 125 6.2.4.3 CulturalResources ...... 126 6.2.4.4 Impact on Health and Safety ...... 126 6.2.4.5 Conclusion ...... 126 6.3 Interconnection points ...... 126 6.4 Project Option vs No Project Option ...... 126 6.4.1 No project option ...... 126 6.4.2 Project Option ...... 127 7 IMPACT IDENTIFICATION, MITIGATION, MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING ..... 128 7.1 POSITIVE IMPACTS ...... 128 7.1.1 Creation of Employment Opportunities ...... 128 7.1.2 Creation of business opportunities ...... 128 7.1.3 Improved access and delivery of health services ...... 128 7.1.4 Improved lighting ...... 129 7.1.5 Emergency of new rural growth centres ...... 129 7.1.6 Enhanced gender and development ...... 129 7.1.7 Reduction in post-harvest losses ...... 129 7.1.8 Increased Revenue to the government ...... 129 7.2 NEGATIVE IMPACTS ...... 130 7.2.1 Impact evaluation and analysis ...... 130 7.2.2 Other considerations in impact analysis ...... 133 7.2.3 CONSTRUCTION PHASE IMPACTS (ENVIRONMENTAL) ...... 133 7.2.3.1 Loss of crops along the power distribution corridor ...... 133
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Pagevii
7.2.3.2 Spot alteration of land use for agriculture, savanna grassland and other uses by distribution poles ...... 135 7.2.3.3 Impact on land in the power corridor ...... 135 7.2.3.4 Loss of vegetation and terrestrial habitat alteration (private farmlands) .... 136 7.2.3.5 Loss of vegetation and terrestrial habitat alteration (Central Forest Reserves) 7.2.3.6 Generation of Solid Waste ...... 138 7.2.3.7 Exposure to health hazards associated with Electric and Magnetic Fields (EMF) 139 7.2.3.8 Spillage of hazardous chemicals ...... 140 7.2.4 CONSTRUCTION PHASE IMPACTS (OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH & SAFETY) 142 7.2.4.1 Working at height on poles and structures ...... 143 7.2.4.2 Physical hazards ...... 143 7.2.5 CONSTRUCTION PHASE IMPACTS (COMMUNITY HEALTH & SAFETY) 144 7.2.5.1 Psychological impacts ...... 144 7.2.5.2 Exploitation of Workers ...... 145 7.2.5.3 Impact on Physical Cultural Property ...... 145 7.2.5.4 Interference with traffic and diminished road safety ...... 147 7.2.5.5 Public Health concerns ...... 148 7.2.5.6 Impact on schools and learning process ...... 149 7.2.5.7 Potential child abuse ...... 150 7.2.5.8 Gender concerns ...... 151 7.2.5.9 Disruption of social order ...... 152 7.2.5.10 Increased crime, drug abuse and prostitution ...... 152 7.2.6 OPERATION PHASE IMPACTS ...... 153 7.2.6.1 Overview ...... 153 7.2.6.2 Change in area aesthetics ...... 153 7.2.6.3 Impact on birds ...... 153 7.2.6.4 Physical hazards ...... 154 7.2.6.5 Vegetation clearing ...... 155 7.2.6.6 Induced development ...... 155 7.2.6.7 Failure to undertake a good Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) ...... 156 7.2.6.8 Failure to conduct Environmental audits ...... 157 8 SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING PLAN ...... 158 8.1 GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS ...... 158 8.2 CHANCE FIND PROCEDURE ...... 173 8.2.1 Initial Identification and/or Exposure ...... 175 8.2.2 Rescue Excavation ...... 175 8.2.3 Major Finds ...... 176 8.2.3.1 Management options for major finds ...... 176 8.2.4 Exposure of Fossil Shell Beds ...... 176 8.2.5 Exposure of Fossil Wood and Peats ...... 177
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Pageviii
8.2.6 Monitoring for Fossils ...... 178 8.2.7 Chance Find Procedures (Burial Ground and Grave-BGG) ...... 178 8.2.8 Major institutions to contact while dealing with Chance Finds ...... 179 8.3 GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM ...... 180 8.3.1 Stage I: Grievance Resolution Committee ...... 180 8.3.1.1 GRC Composition ...... 180 8.3.1.2 Accessibility and On-The-Spot Resolution ...... 180 8.3.1.3 Complaints Lodging and Recording ...... 180 8.3.1.4 Investigation and Resolution of Complaints By GRC ...... 181 8.3.2 Stage II: Courts Of Law ...... 182 8.3.2.1 Overview ...... 182 8.3.2.2 Grievance Resolution Process ...... 182 8.3.3 Monitoring Complaints ...... 183 9 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMME ...... 184 9.1 Overview ...... 184 9.2 Monitoring Team ...... 185 9.3 Decommissioning ...... 185 10 SUMMARY OF RECOMMENDATIONS ...... 187 11 LIST OF ANNEXES ...... 189 ANNEX 1: DETAILS OF STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATIONS ...... 190 ANNEX 2: ATTENDANCE LISTS OF ALL PEOPLE CONSULTED (Attached as a seperate Annex) ...... 238 ANNEX 3: DAILY VEHICLE INSPECTION FORM ...... 239 ANNEX 4: GEOLOGY MAPS FOR THE PROJECT AREA ...... 240 ANNEX 5: GOOGLE EARTH MAPS SHOWING CROSSINGS ACROSS CENTRAL FOREST RESERVES AND MAJOR WETLANDS ...... 243
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Pageix
LIST OF ACRONYMS
AAAC All Aluminium Alloy Conductor Acronym Explanation ACSR Aluminium Conductor Steel Reinforced BS British Standard CAO Chief Administrative Officer CB Circuit Breaker CBOs Community Based Organizations CEE Commission Electrical Equipment CFU Faecal Coli forms CGV Chief Government Valuer CLO Community Liaisons Officer appointed by the contractor CSEAP Construction Social and Environmental Action Plan CSR Corporate Social Responsibility dBA Decibel Amps DC District Commissioner DEO District Environment Officer DMM Department of Museums and Monuments (Ministry of Tourism) DS Disconnector DSO District Security Officer DSOER District State of Environment Report DV District Valuer DWRM Directorate of Water Resources Management E: Easting EA Environmental Audit EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EMO Environmental Management Officer (Contractor‟s) EMP Environmental Management Plan EN European Committee for Standardization, CEN EOHS Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety EOHS-MP Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety Management Plan EPP Emergency Preparedness Plan ERA Electricity Regulatory Authority ES Earthing Switch GDP Gross Domestic Product GWh Giga Watt hour = 1000 000 kWh H Height above sea level HFO Heavy Fuel Oil HSE Health Safety and Environment HV High Voltage IDA International Development Agency, member of the World Bank Group
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Pagex
IEC International Electrotechnical Commission IFC International Finance Corporation IS Isolator ITU International Telecommunications Union k kilo = thousand Keraunic level System to describe thunder and lightning activity km Kilometre kV kilo Volt kVA kilo Volt Ampere kW kilo Watt kWh kilo Watt hour LC 1-5 Local Council (government) levels, 5 is the highest level LV Low Voltage M Mega = million MAAIF Ministry of Agriculture Animal Industry and Fisheries MoGLSD Ministry of Gender Labour and Social Development MVA Mega Volt Ampere = 1000 kVA MW Mega Watt = 1000 kW MWh Mega Watt hour = 1000 kWh N/mm2 Newton per square millimetre, unit for strength of materials N: Northing NEA National Environment Act NEAP National Environment Action Plan NEMA National Environmental Management Authority (Uganda) NFA National Forestry Authority NGO Non-Governmental Organisation NWSC National Water and Sewerage Corporation O&M Operation and Maintenance OHS Occupational Health and Safety OHSD Occupational Health and Safety Department OM Organic Matter OP Operational Policy P Phosphorus PAP Person (People) Affected by Project/Project Affected Persons PIU Project Implementation Unit PPE Personal Protective Equipment PV Present Value or photovoltaic QA Quality Assurance RAP Resettlement Action Plan REA Rural Electrification Agency SA Surge Arrestor Sec Second
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Pagexi
SIA Social Impact Assessment STDs Sexually Transmitted Diseases ToR Terms of Reference UBOS Uganda Bureau of Statistics UEB Uganda Electricity Board, pre-2001 electricity utility of Uganda UECTL Uganda Electricity Transmission Company Limited UEDCL Uganda Electricity Distribution Company Limited UGX Uganda Shilling Umeme Uganda main electricity distribution utility, a limited liability company. UN United Nations UNBS Uganda National Bureau of Standards UNRA Uganda National Roads Authority USD United States Dollar UTM Universal Trans Mercator UWA Uganda Wildlife Authority VDE Association for Electrical, Electronic & Information Technologies WB World Bank
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Pagexii
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
0.1 Introduction Government has targeted the year 2022 to achieve electricity access in rural areas of 26% i.e. about 1,300,000 grid consumers and 140,000 PV connections. Uganda also has one of the lowest per capita electricity consumption rates (150KWh/year) in the world (South Korea 8,502, Ghana 253, USA 13,000 KWh/year). In order to reverse the situation of low access and per capita consumption, Government is determined to mobilize resources to develop access infrastructure to address these shortcomings in its development process. The ERT III addresses the issue of low access to electricity in rural areas by making connection accessible and affordable. The proposed ERT III Project is the third and last phase of the ERT Program, and is aimed at increasing access to energy in rural areas of Uganda that is expected to facilitate improvement in the productivity of enterprises and the quality of life of the households.
0.2 Project location This ESIA report has been prepared for rural electrification powerlines (33kv and associated low voltage networks) under package 2, consisting of lots 4, 5 & 6 in the districts of Masaka, Gomba, Butambala and Mukono. These lines are not continuous in each district of location and are further subdivided into several segments in different locations (villages and sub- counties) as presented in table 0.1 below.
Table 0.1: Summary of project segments that have been considered under this ESIA (Lot 4, 5 & 6) Project Name/Line Segment(s) Length Lot No Host District/s Kyabadaza-Masankwa, Nyanama-Mpenja- 123km Lot 4 Gomba/ Maseruka, Kiriri-Kasasa, Mpenja-Nsambwe- Butambala Kanoni-Mamba-Mauki Nakifuma-Nagojje, Walusimbi-Katogo-Mbaliga- 71.7km Lot 5 Mukono Namere, & Nakasajja-Kyampisi with tee-off Kasawo-Luwero Mitemula-Nakiyaga-Nkuke-Kyanamukaka with tee- 125km Lot 6 Masaka offs Nkule-Kitengesa, Bukeri-Namirembe & Baale Landing sites, Kyanamukaka-Butamo
0.3 EIA methodology and approach The study was preceded by internalization of the Terms of Reference and formulation of appropriate data collection tools. It assessed each of the activities of the project covering physical, biological, socio-economic (including occupation health and safety); and socio- cultural environment as detailed herein. It determined and listed potential direct and indirect environmental impacts for each of the planned activities; evaluated and recommended mitigation measures for adverse negative/adverse effects. The methodology used included
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Pagexiii
Literature review, Stakeholder consultations, Baseline noise assessment, Biodiversity inventories, Mapping and photography, Visual observations, Impact screening, Impact assessment, evaluation and analysis.
0.4 Scope and activities The activities to be carried out during the construction of the distribution lines are; Clearing of right-of-way by cutting/trimming trees where necessary along the proposed route; Installation of line structures, accessories and conductors; Erection of poles for the 33 kV Distribution Lines and Low voltage network Possible construction of storage facilities for the project materials
The 33 kV power lines will be constructed mainly with 12-14 m high treated wooden poles with an average spacing of 80-100 m. The holes for the wooden poles will be of diameter 0,35 m and depth of 2m. Steel wire stay sets will be installed at intermediate angle poles, section poles. The stay wires will be anchored by a stay block buried at depth of 2m and about 3m from the base of the pole. The stay block shall consist of creosote treated wood blocks or concrete blocks.
0.5 Project impacts Impact Location Mitigation/enhancement Responsible party
Positive impacts Creation of Project area The contractor shall try as much as possible to Contractor employment recruit manpower from the project areas opportunities Creation of Project area REA should try as much as possible to exend the REA business low voltage lines to as close to the customers as opportunities possible. Transformers should be strategically located to benefit as many customers as possible. Reduction in Project area Government can choose to extend credit to the Locl governments post harvest local farmers so as to obtain the necessary losses processing equiement and facilities Increased Project area Ensure all new customers are connected using Power operator revenue to the prepid meters. government
Negative impacts Wayleave Along the -Sensitize all the PAPs using local and national -REA acquisition & wayleave media prior to compensation of lost properties. -Supervising possible land -RAP shall be conducted and implemented by consultant issues REA to compensate all the affected PAPs. -Ensure there is no land take by constructing the powerlines along the road reserve. Loss of Along the -Pay adequate compensation for trees, and all -REA vegetation and wayleave forest benefits lost to the wayleave. -Supervising terrestrial -Restrict contractor‟s moverments to the acquired consultant habitats wayleave or public access roads. -NFA
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Pagexiv
Impact Location Mitigation/enhancement Responsible party Solid waste Project area -Recycle all metallic waste; Contractor generation -Inert and all hazardous waste shall be handled by -Supervising a NEMA registered waste management company. consultant Occupational At -Test structures (especially poles) for integrity -Contratcor health and construction prior to undertaking work on them. -Supervising safety concerns sites -Implement a fall protection program that includes consultant for the workers training in climbing techniques and use of fall protection measures. -All construction workers shall be provided with adequate Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). Exploitation of At work -For unskilled jobs, give the local first priority -REA workers stations -Procure all staff under a well-recognised contract -Contratcor -Workers shall be given appointment letters -Supervising consultant indicating their obligations as employees. -Local -All workers to be employed in accordance with governments the provisions of the Employment and Occupational Safety and Health Acts of 2006. Impact on Along the -Relocate shrines and graves in accordance with -REA Physical wayleave the existing rituals and norms of the affected -Contratcor Cultural society. -Supervising Property -Chance finds shall be handled in accordance with consultant the chance find procedure in this report. -LC committee
The implementation of the above mitigation measures to avaoid/minimise environmental and social impacts shall be done in compliance with the Environmental and Social Management Framework developed by REA in July 2014, REA Construction guidelines of 2014 and the ESMP herein specifically developed for this project.
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Pagexv
1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Rural Electrification in Uganda According to Uganda Bureau of Statistics (UBOS, 2014), the population growth rate stands at 3.0% per annum and the projected 2017 mid-year population stands at 37.6 million or about 8 million households. Government has targeted the year 2022 to achieve electricity access in rural areas of 26% i.e. about 1,300,000 grid consumers and 140,000 PV connections. Uganda also has one of the lowest per capita electricity consumption rates (150KWh/year) in the world (South Korea 8,502, Ghana 253, USA 13,000 KWh/year). About 72% of the total grid supplied electricity is consumed by 12% of the domestic population concentrated in the Kampala metropolitan area, and the nearby towns of Entebbe and Jinja. In order to reverse the situation of low access and per capita consumption, Government is determined to mobilize resources to develop access infrastructure to address these short comings in its development process.
1.2 Energy for Rural Transformation (ERT) project
1.2.1 Energy for Rural Transformation Phases III Government of Uganda (GOU) prepared and has been implementing the ERT II in a framework of three components: (i) Rural Energy Infrastructure (ii) ICT (iii) Energy Development, Cross-sectoral linkages and Impact Monitoring. The broad-based Energy for Rural Transformation (ERT) project phase III specifically targets rural households who have not been connected to electricity even after their area has been electrified under earlier projects including the ERT II. The ERT III addresses the issue of low access to electricity in rural areas by making connection accessible and affordable. The proposed ERT III Project is the third and last phase of the ERT Program, and is aimed at increasing access to energy in rural areas of Uganda that is expected to facilitate improvement in the productivity of enterprises and the quality of life of the households. The main project development objective is to increase rural access to electricity. Therefore, the proposed project for which this ESIA is being prepared is under ERT phase III.
1.3 Project location The proposed projects are located in the districts of Masaka, Gomba, Butambala and Mukono. These lines are not continuous in each district of location and are further subdivided into several segments in different locations (villages and sub-counties) as presented in table 1.1 below and figure 1.1-1.6.
Table 1.1: Summary of project segments that have been considered under this ESIA (Package 2, Lot 4, 5 & 6) Project Name/Line Segment(s) Length Lot No Host District/s Kyabadaza-Masankwa, Nyanama-Mpenja- 123km Lot 4 Gomba/ Maseruka, Kiriri-Kasasa, Mpenja-Nsambwe- Butambala
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page1
Kanoni-Mamba-Mauki Nakifuma-Nagojje, Walusimbi-Katogo-Mbaliga- 71.7km Lot 5 Mukono Namere, & Nakasajja-Kyampisi with tee-off Kasawo-Luwero Mitemula-Nakiyaga-Nkuke-Kyanamukaka with tee- 125km Lot 6 Masaka offs Nkule-Kitengesa, Bukeri-Namirembe & Baale Landing sites, Kyanamukaka-Butamo
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page2
MukonoLot
Gomba/Butambala Lot
Masaka Lot
Figure 1.1: General overview of the project area (Lot 4, 5 & 6)
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page3
Project sites under ERT III but already have power Project sites under ERT III without power
Figure 1.2: General overview of the entire Masaka Lot
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page4
Project sites under ERT III but already have power Project sites under ERT III without power
Figure 1.3: General overview of the northern section of the Masaka Lot (Lot 4)
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page5
Project sites under ERT III but already have power Project sites under ERT III without power
Figure 1.4: General overview of the northern section of the Masaka Lot (Lot 4)
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page6
Project sites under ERT III but already have power
Project sites under ERT III without power
Figure 1.5: General overview of the entire Gomba/Butambala Lot (Lot 5)
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page7
Figure 1.6: General overview of the entire Mukono Lot (Lot 5)
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page8
1.4 Project justification Despite the fact that the project areas are very productive in terms of agriculture, there is hardly any value addition on the commodities that they produce. This scenario has held back their production potential and denied them several opportunities that would be realized with availability of hydroelectricity power. Therefore the proposed project is expected to accelerate development in the project areas by enabling the realization of the following benefits among others; Creation of employment opportunities Creation of business opportunities Improvement of access and delivery of health services Improved lighting and security Emergence of rural growth centres Enhanced gender development Reduction in post-harvest losses Increased revenue to the government
1.5 The need for the ESIA
1.5.1 Overview Several activities will be undertaken during the construction of the 33kV distribution lines in the affected districts of Masaka, Gomba, Butambala and Mukono.The total distance covered by the lines in respect of this ESIA is 319.7km and construction will involve among others, the following activities: Acquisition of the way leaves for the power line; Survey and mapping of the routes which will involve detailed Line route survey (line profiling, soil studies, pegging and polespotting). Anchoring of electricity poles which will be done prior to the Installation of conductors. Pole foundations will vary according to the prevailing geology and the entire power line infrastructure design.Other studies will include detailed engineering design which will include completion of geotechnical and engineering surveys to provide detailed information needed for placement/location of poles. This ESIA seeks to ensure compliance of the project with applicable safeguard policies, while also providing the overall framework for addressing social and environmental risks. Therefore project impacts require identification, quantification and mitigation before the project is implemented.
1.5.2 Purpose of the ESIA To investigate the likely impacts of the proposed project on the biophysical and social- economic environment and propose appropriate mitigation measures to avert or reduce such impacts. To promote environmental sustainability through identifying and implementing appropriate mitigation measures.
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page9
To facilitate informed decision making by the authority (NEMA) and other Lead agencies and to set terms and conditions for the operation of the distribution line. To involve the nearby community in the decision making process and also make them part of the project.
1.6 Approach and methodology
1.6.1 Overview The study was preceded by internalization of the Terms of Reference and formulation of appropriate data collection tools. It assessed each of the activities of the project covering physical, biological, socio-economic (including occupation health and safety); and socio- cultural environment as detailed herein. It determined and listed potential direct and indirect environmental impacts for each of the planned activities; evaluated and recommended mitigation measures for adverse negative/adverse effects.
1.6.2 Literature Review The ESIA study was partly dominated by intensive literature review, using documents provided by the Developer for example, Feasibility study reports, Resettlement Policy Framework, Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF ERT III), Construction guidelines for Rural Electrification Projects and other documents provided by district staffs of project location such as District Development Plans, district state of environment and health reports among others. Other documents reviewed include relevant policies, regulations, legal framework in the electricity and environmental sector including World Bank Health and Safety Guidelines for Power Projects.
1.6.3 Stakeholders’ consultations Consultations with stakeholders constituted a major part of the EIA methodology in information gathering. Rational data collection instruments were designed and centered mainly on the proposed 33kV distribution lines and other associated systems. Data on social and environmental impacts, stakeholder perceptions, views and concerns were collected through focus group discussions (Plate 1.1-1.2), meetings and personal interviews with the target audience including but not limited to communities (Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono district) affected by the distribution line, Masaka district administration, Gomba district administration, Mukono district administration, UMEME, Ministry of Energy and Mineral Development, Uganda Electricity Regulatory Authority, Uganda Museum, Uganda National Roads Authority, National Forestry Authority, Wetlands department among others. Emphasis was laid on social and environmental concerns expected from construction and or rehabilitation of the existing distribution lines, obligations of the various parties in mitigating the various impacts anticipated and the procedure for operating the line among others. Concerns were analyzed, documented (Annex 1), and addressed in the environment management plan.
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page10
Plate 1.1: ESIA team consulting the communities surrounding the project sites (Nakiyaga TC, Masaka district)
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page11
Plate 1.2: Further consultation Gomba and Mukono project area
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page12
1.6.4 Physical measurement and assessment of environmental parameters The EIA team gathered relevant baseline data on biophysical and socio-economic environmental parameters that are in the project area. The objective was to record empirical evidence on the status quo so as to facilitate future monitoring of project activities on the environment. Below are some of the parameters that were investigated;
Baseline noise condition Baseline noise conditions were investigated in various sections of the project site using an Extech 407730 Sound Level Meter (plate 1.4). The current noise conditions are necessary for monitoring future impacts of the project activities on the neighbouring communities, the safety and health of the workers and the environment as a whole.
Plate 1.4: Noise sampling at one of the project sites
Biodiversity inventories The EIA team conducted biodiversity inventories (plate 1.5) and documented the conservation status of flora and fauna within the project site and project area (farmlands, forest reserves and homesteads). Emphasis was however put on flora mainly due to the fact that the project area is a disturbed ecosystem and hence most fauna could hardly be traced since most species may have migrated.
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page13
Plate 1.5: EIA team conducting biodiversity studies along the distribution corridor
Mapping and Photography Data in respect of the project site was captured using Global Positioning Systems (GPS), and maps were processed and generated using Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Photographs of vital importance and concern on the site‟s status quo, stakeholders meetings and the surrounding environment were taken using digital cameras to record empirical evidence as presented in the various sections of the report.
1.6.5 Visual Observation The consultant‟s visual and intellectual judgment was also used to influence the kind of mitigation measures that have been suggested in this report.
1.6.6 Impact screening Checklists structured on the basis of environmental components in the case of the biophysical environment, and of socio-economic concerns in the case of activities, man- made structures, institutions or likely demographic-economic changes by the proposed project were used for the preliminary screening of the major impacts. Both National (As presented by NEMA) and international EIA checklist were used. Major impacts were defined for the selected aspects of the biophysical and socio-economic environment.
1.6.7 Assessment, evaluation and analysis of potential adverse impacts Qualitative and quantitative assessment of direct and indirect; immediate and long term; permanent and temporary impacts of the project was done according to their nature and availability of adequate data to enable predictive analysis. The assessment sought to: Distinguish between impacts that are of most concern (and therefore need to be avoided, mitigated or compensated) and those that are considered less important; Organize measures of significance in a way that allows a comparison of alternative project sitting/locations, and
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page14
Facilitate communication of results to the concerned stakeholders and the Developer for appropriate decisions and implementation strategy.
1.6.8 Report writing Findings of the study, discussion and recommendations were then compiled and presented in this report.
1.7 Structure of the Environmental Impact Statement The structure of this ESIA is in line with the National Environment (Impact Assessment) Regulations, 1998. The main sections are: Executive Summary; Introduction; Project description; Policy, Legal and Institutional Framework; Description of the environment; Public Consultation and Disclosure, Analyses of alternatives; Environmental impacts & mitigation measures; Environmental Management Plan; Recommendations & Summary conclusions; and Appendices.
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page15
2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION
2.1 Background Rural access to electricity at the end of 2014 was estimated at less than 7% and national access at 14%. Despite this, connection rates have remained low, often ranging from about 10% to 20% of the targeted consumers. The main reasons have been: (i) the absence of adequate mechanisms within the sector that is directly responsible for increasing access; (ii) disassociations of the investment on rural electrification with the operations and maintenance arrangements and lack of participation in network expansion design by Licensed Distribution Companies (LDCs); (iii) lack of incentives within the current LDCs to increase access particularly amongst the rural poor; (iv) inadequate funding for service connection materials; (v) high cost of service connections (starting from US$200 per connection); (vi) the need for consumers to pay the cost of the connection upfront; and (vii) the absence of any organized effort at consumer mobilization. At this stage, the GoU seeks to overcome these challenges and to enable the lines constructed and facilities provided to be utilized optimally.
2.2 Project funding The total ERT program amount is currently at US$165.15 million, of which the first phase (ERT I) was for US$49.15 million, and the second phase (ERT II) was approved for US$75.0 million. The remaining US$41.0 million was earmarked for ERT-3.
2.3 Proposed project activities
2.3.1 Construction phase activities
2.3.1.1 Overview The construction activities can be categorised into 3 major processes; these include Procurement, Transportation of electrical component to the site and the actual construction of the power line. The first task (engineering) involves the design and specification of all distribution line components. The remaining tasks involve the actual procurement of these components, and the logistics of transportation to the site. Detailed engineering will include completion of engineering surveys to provide detailed information needed for, placement/location of pole, design of foundations, design of pole alignment, including placement of a switching stations at certain points
The proposed construction of the planned distribution line will involve among others, the following activities; acquisition of temporary wayleaves; survey and mapping of the routes which will involve detailed Line route survey (line profiling, pegging and pole spotting).
The 33 kV power lines will be constructed mainly with 12-14m high treated wooden poles, alternatively concrete poles, with an average spacing of 80-100m. The holes for the wooden
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page16 poles will be of diameter 0,35m and depth of 2m. Steel wire stay sets will be installed at intermediate angle poles, section poles. The stay wires will be anchored by a stay block buried at depth of 2m and about 3m from the base of the pole. The stay block shall consist of creosote treated wood blocks or concrete blocks. Creosote or CCA treated wooden poles are preferred because they are natural water repellant as well as toxic to fungi, insects, and marine borers and thus work well as power distribution poles in any weather condition. Creosote treated wooden poles take on many pole structures including H-pole terminal, T- off structure, H-pole intermediate, H-pole vertical section, H-pole light angle, and H-pole heavy angle. Some such pole structures are herein shown.
Plate 2.1: Creosote treated poles to be used for constructing the proposed lines
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page17
Plate 2.2: Creosote treated wooden poles featuring Single pole intermediate and H-pole intermediate pole structures
2.3.1.2 Stringing and tensioning of conductors Once the poles are erected, the conductors and shield wires will be strung and tensioned with specialized equipment to achieve the designed sag. Stringing is carried out first by hanging a pilot wire from each pole, connecting the pilot wires together, and then using the pilot wire to draw the conductor along the insulators. Guard structures will be used when installing the conductor over highways, main roads, or any overhead power or communication lines to ensure the conductors do not cause a hazard to the public or the construction staff.
After the conductors and shield wires are attached to the insulators or clipped to supports, the lines will be sagged to the proper tensions, and fitted with vibration dampers. A number of tests will be undertaken to ensure that the line performs to specification. During testing, line ground clearance will also be thoroughly checked. It is expected that the Contractor will carry out the works simultaneously. Other technical specifications of the distribution lines to
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page18 be constructed are presented in Appendix 1 of the Construction Guidelines for Rural Electrification Projects (a separate document).
2.3.2 Major accessories
2.3.2.1 Stays assemblies Stay-wire, also known as guy-wire or simply a guy, is a tensioned cable designed to add stability to a free-standing structure. The stay wire is used in utility poles with one end of the cable attached to the structure and the other end anchored to the ground or some other point at a distance from the structure's base. Stay-wires are often installed radially, at equal angles about the structure, in trios and quads to allow the tension of each guywire to offset the others. The tension in the diagonal stay-wire, combined with the compressional strength of the structure, allows the structure to withstand lateral loads such as wind or the weight of cantilevered structures. For this project, the 33kv conventional stay assembly shall be used for both the single or double circuit and for the rehabilitation of the existing power line.
Plate 2.3: Stay wire (Steel hot dip galvanised & stranded) and stay wire in wooden packages
2.3.2.2 Insulators Polymeric long rod 33kV insulators, complete with the termination accessories shall be used for the single circuit while these together with the 33kV ceramic pin / post insulators, also complete with the insulator pins shall be used for the double circuit construction.
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page19
Plate 2.4: 33kV Polymeric long rod and Ceramic pin insulators, complete with termination accessories
2.3.2.3 ABC conductors The conductors to be used for project construction will be those of 200mmsq, 150mmsq and 50mmsq AAAC. AAAC conductor is preferred because it has better physical, electrical, conductive advantages over other conductor types. Such advantages include; high electrical conductivity, better mechanical properties after treatment, better corrosion resistance even in highly polluted industrial areas due to absence of steel core within it, low power loss since they are homogenous without any presence of high electric resistant steel.
2.3.3 Equipment The storage yard for the planned distribution line construction is expected to be the base for a fleet of standard vehicles characteristic of the anticipated project works. It is anticipated that the following vehicles and equipment will be required:
. Trucks of various sizes, some fitted with Hiab or Atlas-type hoists for unloading materials and equipment at each pole site; . Cable stringing pullers; . PiLot line winders; . Cable stringing tensioners; . Cable reel carriers; . 4-wheel drive vehicles; . Compressors with pneumatic equipment such as rock drills; and No equipment storage yards and camp sites will be established inside any protected areas.
2.3.4 The distribution corridor The distribution corridor will comprise a way leave of 5 metres on either side from the centre line as illustrated in figure 2.2 below. H structures will be 1.2 meters apart. Therefore the entire distribution corridor will be 10 meters.
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page20
10m
Way leaf to be partially acquired Centre by REA but with line/Pole restricted use.E.g No planting of trees, perennial or tall crops or constructing of houses. However, Beans, 5m 5m Gnuts, and other 1.2m crops in this
category can be Way Leave Way Leave grown. Right of Way for the H Figure 2.2: The components of thestructure proposed(ROW) distribution corridor
2.3.5 Access roads To the extent feasible, access to the distribution /distribution corridor will be gained largely by use of existing public highways and access roads since the line runs parallel to the existing public or access roads in all the project areas. Clearance for housing and other buildings will be maintained by local adjustment of the route. Cut trees will be left for use by the local owners and in case they are of timber type and ready for harvest, the landlords will be given notice to harvest such trees before the start of project work.
To the extent feasible, in areas of the way leaves outside the access tracks, clearance of vegetation will be minimized. Only huge and unavoidable trees close to the line will be cleared i.e. those that can potentially damage the distribution line in case they fall off (typically large trees within 10m of the distribution corridor). All clearance of vegetation will be done by hand and with no use of heavy machinery. Where soil is exposed in the process, the soil will be backfilled to reduce erosion concerns. According to REAs Resettlement Policy Framework, all built up structures such as houses will be avoided.
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page21
Compensation will be for damaged crops and trees along the distribution corridor or access tracks.
2.3.6 Labour Force For the distribution line works, the number of staff required during construction could include; project managers, supervisors, and other technical categories and unskilled workers who can be recruited locally. Semi-skilled and unskilled workers will be trained by supervisors prior to the commencement of construction. Local people will be recruited as unskilled labourers from the villages traversed by the distribution line, where possible. On average, an estimated 250-300 people are anticipated to constitute the workforce on the power line (Package 2, Lot 4, 5 and 6). While in many cases the workers will arrive at the site on foot, some pool transport can be provided as necessary to bring workers to the way leaves. Expatriate staff will be housed in existing accommodation preferably, modest private houses which can be rented by the expatriates within the nearby towns or trading centres in the project areas of Masaka, Gomba, Butambala or Mukono. Construction workers‟ camp sites will not be required for staff. The entire recruitment process for the workers will be managed by the contractors in accordance with Uganda labour laws.
2.4 Operation and Maintenance (O & M) Once the distribution line has been constructed, there is relatively little on-going maintenance required. The key maintenance activities will involve surveillance of the condition of the distribution line and way leaves; emergency maintenance and repairs; and vegetation maintenance activities. Outside agriculture areas or otherwise cleared areas, undesirable vegetation within the way leaves will be controlled by cutting. Herbicides will not be used in vegetation control. The vegetation clearance in the weaves will take place in accordance with REAs existing way leaves clearance programme which allows it to be done once annually.
2.5 Decommissioning It is anticipated that the distribution lines will be continuously maintained and repaired, and will be operated for several decades. Because of the anticipated long useable life of the power line, the circumstances under which it might ultimately be decommissioned are difficult to foresee at this stage. Thus, only a site construction decommissioning approach can be considered at the moment in this study. Therefore, the practical decommissioning will for now involve the following: . Removal of obsolete equipment (poles & conductors) and associated equipment parts; . Demobilization and return of imported labour force after the project; . Grievance management mechanisms with the host communities before site closure; Although limited adverse impacts may occur, the power line operator should prevent any condition from developing on site during construction, operation and decommissioning that would prevent restoring the site to a useful condition upon removal of the power line. Within
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page22
12 months before removal of the power line, the operator should develop a decommissioning plan, detailing the following;
a) Requirements and procedure for removing equipment and structures from the site, b) Requirements and procedures to restore the site to a useful condition; c) Site investigation to determine contaminated areas and extent of contamination; d) Description of options for remediation of contaminated areas on site, post decommissioning land use, information on how possible socio-environmental impacts will be minimized during decommissioning and measures to protect the public against risk or danger resulting from site conditions prevailing after decommissioning, e) Plan on how decommissioning will be funded.
The operator of the line shall submit the decommissioning plan to NEMA for approval. Decommissioning should also have a restoration plan to adequately remediate any onsite contamination and restore site to the maximum extent consistent with anticipated post decommissioning use.
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page23
3 POLICY, LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
3.1 Introduction This Chapter provides analysis of the policy, legal and institutional framework within which the proposed 33kV lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono (approximately 319.7km) are expected to operate. This Chapter covers relevant Ugandan and Development Partner policies, legislations and guidelines. Key Ugandan legislations governing the conduct of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) are the National Environmental Act (Cap 153) and the Environmental Impact Assessment Regulations (1998). The National Environmental Act established the National Environment Management Authority (NEMA), and entrusts it with responsibility to ensure compliance with the EIA process in planning and execution of development projects.
3.2 Policy Framework Policy framework is critical in planning and implementation of development projects. In regard to this project, policies related to the energy sector and environment are important. These policies can be looked at national or development partner levels.
3.1.1 National (Ugandan Policies)
3.2.1.1 Overview The key Ugandan policies relevant to the proposed project include; . The National Energy Policy, 2002 . The National Environment Management Policy, 1994 . Vision 2025 . The Uganda‟s Vision 2040 . The Land Policy . National Gender Policy . HIV/AIDS Policy . Wetlands Policy . National Development Plan II . National Water Policy
3.2.1.2 The National Energy Policy, 2002 The goal of the energy sector in Uganda is to meet the energy needs of the Ugandan population for social and economic development in an environmentally sustainable manner. The National Energy Policy objectives include: . establishing availability, potential and demand of the various energy resources in the country . increasing access to modern and reliable energy services as a contribution to poverty eradication . improving energy governance
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page24
. stimulating economic development; and . managing energy related environmental impacts In pursuit of these objectives, the Government of Uganda (GOU) will therefore ensure that environmental considerations are given priority by energy suppliers and users to protect the environment and will put in place a monitoring mechanism to evaluate compliance with established environmental protection guidelines.
3.2.1.3 The National Environmental Management Policy, 1994 The National Environment Management Policy for Uganda (1994) is the cornerstone of the country‟s commitment to social and economic development that is environmentally sustainable and brings the benefits of a better life to all. The National Environment Management Policy gives the overall policy framework, which calls for sustainable development that maintains and enhances environmental quality and resources productivity to meet human needs of the present generation without compromising ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
The framework points out cross-sectoral guiding principles and strategies to achieve sustainable socio-economic development. The policy sets a guiding principle that Environmental Impact Assessment should be required for any activities, which cause significant impact on the environment.
The National Environment Management Policy 1994 supports and promotes the proposed distribution lines under its energy sector objective, “To meet the national energy needs through increased use of clean energy...”
3.2.1.4 Vision 2025 Vision 2025 is a set of goals that the Uganda government set to achieve for the common good and economic development of the country by the year 2025. The goals cover political, economic, social, environmental, and cultural aspects of life.
Key in the environmental goal is the desire by Ugandans to have a sustainable socio- economic development matched with environmental quality and ecosystem resilience. In order to achieve a sustainable socio-economic development, government prioritized industrialization (value addition) as the key factor. To this end, Rural Electrification program was established to catalyze the socio-economic development of the rural areas of the country. Therefore the proposed project will go a long way to meeting this mission.
3.2.1.5 Uganda’s Vision 2040 In „Vision 2040‟ Uganda Government set goals to achieve by the year 2040 ranging from political, economic, social, energy and environment. With respect to environmental goals, the government aspired to have sustainable social-economic development that ensures environmental quality and preservation of the ecosystem. Vision 2040 recognizes energy as
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page25 a key driver of the economic development and notes that for Uganda to shift from a peasantry to an industrialized and urban society, it must be propelled by electricity as a form of modern energy. It estimates that Uganda will require 41,738 MW of electricity by year 2040 thus increasing its electricity consumption per capita to 3,668 kWh. Furthermore access to the national grid must significantly increase to 80 percent. To this end, Uganda will fully exploit its hydropower potential by developing large and small Hydropower plants including Isimba, Ayago, Karuma, Kalagala and Murchison Bay besides other renewable sources of energy such as wind, solar and bio-gas. To reduce the energy deficit, in the long- term government would invest in development of nuclear power from uranium deposits in the country. Vision 2040 notes the need to improve access and availability of electricity to the rural and urban areas, especially to economic zones and other productive areas through construction of new grid distribution lines under rural electrification programmes. Therefore the proposed project is in line with aspirations of Vision 2040.
3.2.1.6 National Gender Policy (1997) The overall goal of this policy is to mainstream gender concerns in the national development process in order to improve the social, legal/ civic, political, economic and cultural conditions of the people of Uganda, particularly women. Thus, in the context of the power sector, this policy aims to redress imbalances which arise from existing gender inequalities and promotes participation of both women and men in all stages of energy project cycle, equal access to, and control over significant economic resources and benefits.
This policy would especially apply to recruitment of construction labour force where women should have equal opportunity as men for available jobs. This policy also requires provision of a working environment that is conducive to women as is for men considering gender- disaggregated differences and vulnerabilities. This, for example, applies to onsite worker‟s sanitation facilities where women should have separate facilities from men‟s.
3.2.1.7 HIV/AIDS Policy 1992 In Uganda, current effort to combat HIV/AIDS is characterized by a policy of openness by Government and this has, to a large extent, been emulated by civil society, political and social institutions, and workplaces. HIV/AIDS is recognized by Ministry of Health as a considerable risk in construction of infrastructure projects and it (together with the ministry responsible for labour) encourages employers to develop in-house HIV/AIDS policies, provide awareness and prevention measures to workers and avoid discriminating against workers or living with or affected by HIV/AIDS. To ensure HIV/AIDS is addressed in the workplace, the policy encourages employee awareness and education on HIV/AIDS. To protect the infected and affected persons from discrimination, employers are required to keep personal medical records confidential. Employees living with, or affected by, HIV infection and AIDS, and those who have any related concerns, are encouraged to contact any confidant within the organization to discuss their concerns and obtain information. It is
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page26 anticipated that during line construction, there may be an influx of people into the project area possibly resulting into sexual fraternization and a risk of HIV/AIDS spread. These requirements are expected to be fulfilled by the distribution line construction contractors and their subcontractors.
The requirements of this policy are expected to be fulfilled by the project contractors or their subcontractors, especially in regard to having an in-house HIV Policy, worker sensitization and provision of free condoms. This policy is relevant to the project if implementation of proposed distribution line construction leads to in-migration into the project area by people seeking construction jobs and indulging in prostitution or irresponsible sexual fraternization associated with HIV/AIDS risk.
3.2.1.8 Wetlands Policy, 1995 The national policy on conservation and management of wetlands aims at curtailing loss of these resources and ensuring that their benefits are equitably distributed to all people of Uganda. The wetlands policy calls for: Sustainable use to ensure that benefits of wetlands are maintained for the foreseeable future; Environmentally sound management of wetlands to ensure that other aspects of the environment are not adversely affected; Equitable distribution of wetland benefits; Application of environmental impact assessment procedures on all activities to be carried out in a wetland to ensure that wetland development is well planned and managed. In order to operationalize the policy and to provide a legal framework for its implementation, wetland related issues have been adequately incorporated into the National Environmental Act, Cap 153. This policy is relevant to the Project since there exists riverine swamps within the project area especially areas such as Wajali, Musambwa, Musale and many other swamps and streams as presented in chapter 4. However, the impact on the majority of the affected wetlands is expected to be minimum since most of the wetlands will be spanned across and those affected may contain either 1 or 2 poles elected in their locality.
3.2.1.9 National Development Plan II NDP II is the second in a series of five-year plans tailored to achieving Uganda Vision 2040, whose goal is to transform Uganda into an upper middle income country. NDP II was launched by the President of Uganda in June 2015. NDP II is anchored on five priority areas - agriculture, tourism, infrastructure, mineral, oil and gas and human capital development. Under NDPII, Government plans to invest in the necessary Infrastructure to facilitate the exploitation of the abundant renewable energy sources including hydropower, geothermal, and nuclear, so as to increase power generation capacity from 850MW in 2013 to 2,500MW in 2020 and prepare for achievement of the required 41,738 Mega Watts by year 2040. Also, the country targets to increase per capita electricity consumption from 80
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page27
Kwh to 588kWh by 2020 and 3,668 kWh by 2040. Also significant as power generation is the extension of the distribution networks into a national grid in line with the regional agreements. The plan mentions several hydropower plants in the pipeline and new grid network to provide alternative routes to make power supply more reliable. Therefore the proposed project is line with the five major priority areas of the NDPII.
3.2.1.10 Land Policy 2012 The Uganda‟s National Land Policy was approved in February 2013 by Cabinet as the framework for development and use of Uganda‟s land resources for the next decade. The Policy has two major objectives: (1) to re-orient the land sector in national development by articulating management co-ordination between the land sector and other productive sectors in the economy; and (2) enhancing the contribution of the land sector to the social and economic development of the country.
The key issues outlined in the policy include: The creation of a customary register to facilitate registration of customary rights; Strengthening women's land rights through enactment of provisions promoting the regime of marital property law and joint ownership of land and property for married parties; The need to overhaul the existing institutional framework for land administration and land management through decentralization of land services by bringing land services nearer to the populace to make them more efficient, cost-effective and accessible; The re-institution of administrative Land Tribunals to handle escalating land conflicts and land evictions; and The legal recognition of the dual operation of both customary system and statutory system in land rights administration, land dispute resolution and land management by empowering customary authorities to perform their functions. Therefore all pre and post construction activities undertaken by either REA or the contractor or both shall be coordinated with district local governments of Masaka, Gomba, Butambala and Mukono taking into all interpretations provided for by the Land Policy.
3.2.1.11 National water policy 1999 The goal of this policy is to provide guidance on development and management of the water resources of Uganda in an integrated and sustainable manner, so as to secure and provide water of adequate quantity and quality for all social and economic needs, with full participation of all stakeholders and mindful of the needs of future generations. The policy aims to: Promote rational use of water. Control pollution and promote the safe storage, treatment and disposal of waste, which could pollute water and impact public health.
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page28
This policy is relevant to the Project since it requires rational use of water from streams in the project area and avoidance of contamination of water course.
3.2.2 Development Partner Policies
3.2.2.1 Overview Development partners or their agencies fund most development projects in developing countries, Uganda inclusive. Most development partners require either the World Bank (WB) or African Development Bank (AfDB) guidelines as a basis for funding development projects. Therefore, this ESIA for the proposed 33kv lines in the affected districts addresses the WB social and environmental safeguard policies. The following World Bank operational guidelines and procedures are relevant to Package 2, Lot 4, 5 and 6 and as planned by REA.
3.2.2.2 World Bank Operational Policies The Operational Policies provide basis on which the World Bank screens proposed projects to determine the appropriate extent and type of Environmental Assessment to be undertaken. The Bank classifies proposed projects as Class A, B, C or F1 depending on the type, location, sensitivity, and scale of the project and the nature and magnitude of its potential environmental impacts. The project sponsor is responsible for any environmental due diligence required by the Safeguard Policies.
There are ten „Safeguard Policies‟ that the Bank regards as critical to ensuring identification, minimization and mitigation of potential social and environmental impacts of development projects, they are; . OP 4.01- Environmental Assessment (EA) . OP 4.11 - Physical Cultural Resources . OP 7.60 - Disputed Areas . OP 4.36 - Forests . OP 4.10 - Indigenous Peoples . OP 7.50 - International Waterways . OP 4.12 - Involuntary Resettlement . OP 4.04 - Natural Habitats . OP 4.09 - Pest Management and, . OP 4.37 - Safety of Dams
The discussion below presents the Safeguard Policies relevant to the 33kV lines under this project. Other than the policy on ESIA, Involuntary Resettlement, Physical Cultural Property, Natural Habitats and Forests, the other WB policies are not being triggered by the proposed project.
O.P. 4.01, Environmental Assessment
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page29
This is the umbrella policy for the World Bank‟s safeguard policies and requires an environmental impact assessment carried out before implementation of category A projects. Category A projects are ones that are likely to have significant adverse impacts and irreversible environmental impacts. Conversely, category B projects are those with limited impacts that can be mitigated, and require an initial environmental evaluation or project appraisal document with an EMP covering all negative impacts. In this respect, REAs 33kv lines under Package 2 (Lot 4, 5 & 6) fall under category B since their impacts on the human populations and other important areas including wetlands, forests and other natural habitats is less adverse than those of category A. For example, all the lines will follow existing public or access roads and construction activities will be restricted to the road reserves. Under normal circumstance, fresh access roads will not be created hence reducing further the impact associated with land acquisition. Some wetlands will be affected but because the point of crossing is narrow, it is expected that majority of them will be spanned across. With exception of Wajali wetland between Mukono and Luwero district, the wetlands that will be affected may host 1-2 poles. In accordance with REAs resettlement policy frame work, the lines will not result in displacement of any homestead, church, school or any built up structure. In addition, the lines will not be used to open up fresh forest land except going through the road reserves of the existing public roads in the affected forests.
Environmental Assessment (EA) is a process whose breadth, depth, and type of analysis depend on the nature, scale, and potential environmental impact of the proposed project. EA evaluates a project's potential environmental risks and impacts in its area of influence; examines project alternatives; identifies ways of improving project selection, siting, planning, design, and implementation by preventing, minimizing, mitigating, or compensating for adverse environmental impacts and enhancing positive impacts; and includes the process of mitigating and managing adverse environmental impacts throughout project implementation. The Bank favors preventive measures over mitigatory or compensatory measures, whenever feasible.
The Bank requires environmental assessment (EA) of projects proposed for Bank financing to help ensure that they are environmentally sound and sustainable, and thus to improve decision making. This ESIA has been prepared in accordance with the O.P. 4.01 operation manual of the World Bank.
O.P. 4.12, Involuntary Resettlement This is the guiding policy when a project results in involuntary resettlement. OP 4.12 describes the detail and elements that a resettlement plan should include. These include objectives, potential impacts, socio economic studies, legal and institutional framework, eligibility, valuation and compensation of losses, resettlement measures, relocation planning, community participation, and grievance redress procedures, implementation schedule, costs and budgets, and monitoring and evaluation. This report conforms to the
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page30
WB policy requirement on contents and structure. Elaborated below are sections relevant to Package 2 (Lot 4, 5 and 6).
WB OP 4.12.(6a) requires institution of measures to ensure that displaced persons are (i) informed about their options and rights, (ii) consulted on, offered choices and provided with technically and economically feasible resettlement alternatives, and (iii) provided prompt and effective compensation at full replacement costs. This will be taken care of through and independent RAP study which will be carried out before commencement of construction activities. A RAP implementation consultant will be procured by REA to address practically all concerns raised by the PAPs in Annex 1 and other future concerns and complaints.
WB OP 4.12 (8) requires that particular attention be paid to the needs of vulnerable groups among those displaced such as those below the poverty line, landless, elderly; women and children and indigenous peoples and ethnic minorities. The number, names and category of all vulnerable people will be documented in the RAP and it is through this documentation that they will be given special attention when compensation of all PAPs commences.
WB.OP 4.12 (13 a) stipulates that any displaced persons and their communities and any host communities receiving them should be provided with timely and relevant information, consulted on resettlement options and offered opportunities to participate in planning, implementing and monitoring resettlement. During the EISA study, about 85% of all PAPs were consulted and all their concerns have been documented. All PAPs are interested in being compensated promptly and correctly. REA procure a RAP implementation consultant to expedite the compensation process and ensure all concerns raised by all PAPs are adequately addressed.
WB OP 4.12 (12a) states that payment of cash compensation for lost assets may be appropriate where livelihoods are land-based but the land taken for the project is a small fraction (less than 20%) of the affected asset and the residual is economically viable.
WB OP 4.12 Para (6 b &c) state that in case of physical relocation, displaced persons are provided with; . assistance (such as moving allowances) during relocation; and . residential housing, or housing sites, or as required, agricultural sites for which a combination of productive potential, location advantage, and other factors are equivalent to the advantages of the old site . support after displacement, for a transition period, based on a reasonable estimate of the time likely to be needed to restore their livelihood and standards of living . development assistance in addition to compensation measures such as land preparation, credit facilities, training, or job opportunities. This project will not result in physical relocation of PAPs except for the destruction of crops under the way leave in some areas.
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page31
WB OP 4.12 Para 13 (a) requires that appropriate and accessible grievance mechanisms are established to sort out any issues arising. All communities have been sensitized and have been advised to form a tentative committee that will work with local leaders, RAP implementation consultant, NGOs and REA to constitute a Grievance Redress Committee (GRC). A GRC has been proposed in this report and chapter 8 (section 8.3.) discusses the composition of GRC. These frameworks will be relevant in mitigating adverse socio- economic impacts associated with the proposed 33kv lines in the project areas.
O.P 4.11, Physical Cultural Resources This policy gives guidelines for the preservation of cultural property and seeks to avoid their elimination, otherwise mitigation activities be undertaken to limit the adverse impacts as far as possible.
Whereas there are no serious cultural properties along the proposed distribution line corridors apart from graves, chance finds could be encountered during construction especially while digging pits for the distribution poles. Detailed in the EMP are measures to mitigate impacts on cultural properties. When RAP studies are carried out, all graves in the distribution corridor will be enumerated as structures and all affected PAPs will be compensated for such structures to ensure that they are relocated in accordance with cultural norms of the affected people and society. A Chance Find Procedure has been suggested in section 8.2. Details of these and other World Bank guidelines can be obtained from their site, www.worldbank.org.
3.2.2.3 The World Bank Group Environmental, Health and Safety Guidelines for Electric Power Transmission and Distribution The EHS Guidelines for Electric Power transmission and Distribution include information relevant to power distribution between a generation facility and a substation located within an electricity grid, in addition to power distribution from a substation to consumers located in residential, commercial, and industrial areas. The document lists environmental issues, occupational health and safety concerns and community health and safety impacts which are associated with transmission and distribution lines. All the issues presented in these guidelines were either taken care of at design stage or are discussed and mitigated as part of this report. For example air craft safety and navigation as part of the community health and safety concerns was taken care of at feasibility study stage by ensuring that the line was routed away from airfields. The lines were also designed to follow the road reserves of existing public roads hence avoided opening fresh routes in Central Forest Reserves, congested areas and other sensitive habitats (wetlands and other protected areas) as a strategy of ensuring that adverse impacts are eliminated at design stage. The applicable issues are mainly terrestrial and habitat alteration, electromagnetic fields, hazardous
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page32 materials, concerns due to live powerlines, working at height, exposure to chemicals, visual amenity and noise which are already captured in this ESIA report.
OP 4.04 - Natural Habitats This policy seeks to ensure that World Bank-supported infrastructure and other development projects take into account the conservation of biodiversity, as well as the numerous environmental services and products which natural habitats provide to human society. The policy strictly limits the circumstances under which any Bank-supported project can damage natural habitats (land and water areas where most of the native plant and animal species are still present). Specifically, the policy prohibits Bank support for projects which would lead to the significant loss or degradation of any Critical Natural Habitats, whose definition includes those natural habitats which are either: legally protected, officially proposed for protection, or unprotected but of known high conservation value Although the proposed REA lines under Package 2 Lot 4, 5 & 6) may be considered to trigger OP 4.04 considering the fact that the lines cut across riverine forests and other natural habitats which are belts of various plant species, this impact is regarded as minor because majority of the affected habitats are in private land and will eventually be extracted/harvested for use by man (land owners). In addition, the width of such belts especially wetlands is short (in most cases less than 400 meters) and spanning across such habitats has been recommended. Besides, majority of these habitats are neither legally protected nor officially proposed for protection. None of these habitats are known to be of high conservation value except that they protect some streams from sedimentation. Basing on the studies that were carried out, ecological history of the project areas including the distribution route, the project area is a disturbed ecosystem (farmlands) with low bird populations. Although the power lines in some cases come close or go through some Central Forest Reserves, it is not necessary to undertake further stringent mitigation measures such as installing visual deterrents because the risk of bird electrocution is very low.
OP 4.36 – Forests The Bank's current forests policy aims to reduce deforestation, enhance the environmental contribution of forested areas, promote afforestation, reduce poverty, and encourage economic development. According to the Bank, a forest is an area of land of not less than 1.0 hectare (about 2.47 acres) with tree crown cover (or equivalent stocking level) of more than 10% that have trees with the potential to reach a minimum height of 2 meters at maturity. A forest may consist of either closed forest formations, where trees of various stories and undergrowth cover a high proportion of the ground, or open forest.The definition includes forests dedicated to forest production, protection, multiple uses, or conservation, whether formally recognized or not.
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page33
Recognising that this policy needed to be taken care of, the strategy was to design a distribution route which does not introduce a new track in any legally protected forest reserves. Other than using the road reserves in the public roads within the affected Central Forest Reserves, no Central Forest Reserve (CFR) will be affected by the proposed REA lines where a fresh track will be opened in a CFR. Never the less, some private bush lands will be affected in accordance with the Bank‟s definition of forests above. Since this policy is supposed to be read in conjunction with the Natural Habitat‟s policy, it is important to recognize that OP 4.36 has been triggered by the proposed REA lines although the proposed mitigation measures are adequate to address impacts on forests. Such measures include; Spanning across natural belts where possible. Compensating all forest owners whose trees have been affected by the lines. REA to supporting tree planting programmes at both district and sub-county level. . Movement of equipment (vehicles, contractors and the entire construction crew) to follow designated path ways or agreed upon access roads. This will avoid unintended damages to vegetation and animal habitats. . Project to be monitored by district and local authorities to ensure that when unplanned destruction of vegetation occurs during project implementation, REA is held accountable and will have to compensate for the loss appropriately. . Contractor to work with National Forestry Authority field staff to map out forest zones or project area segments with invasive species and to take up precautionary measures to avoid spreading the species to other zones. . REA to compensate NFA of all forest produce damaged while working with the road reserves in the affected forests. REA and the contractor to guard against fires arising from work places and other construction activities.
3.3 Legal Frame Work
3.3.1 Overview There are a number of legislative and regulatory instruments in Uganda that address environmental management in both general and specific terms. Among these is the 1995 Constitution of the Republic of Uganda and a number of Acts. The Acts and Regulations of particular relevance to the proposed 33kv REA lines are; . The constitution of the Republic of Uganda, 1995 . National Environment Act CAP 153 . The Land Act, 1998 . The Electricity Act, 1999 . The Uganda Wildlife Act, 2000 . The Water Act, Cap 152 . The Occupational Safety and Health Act, 2006; . National Forestry and Tree Planting Act, 2003
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page34
. Environmental Impact Assessment Regulations, 1998 . The National Environment (Control and Certification of Environmental Practitioners) Regulations, 2001 . The National Environment (Waste Management) Regulations, 1999 . The National Environment (Wetlands, River Banks and Lake Shores Management) Regulations, 2001 . The Historical and Monuments Act, 1967 Other regulations that deem consideration, depending on the particular project and project location include; . The National Environment (Delegation of Waste Discharge Functions) Instrument, 1999 . The National Environment (Minimum Standards for Management of Soil Quality) Regulations, 2001 . The National Environment (Noise Standards and Control) Regulations, 2003 . The National Environment (Management of Ozone Depleting Substances and Products) Regulations, 2001 . Worker‟s Compensation Act . National Forestry and Tree Planting Act
3.3.2 The Constitution of the Republic of Uganda, 1995 The most important instrument and supreme law in environment management and legislation in Uganda is the 1995 Constitution of the Republic of Uganda. The Constitution provides for the right of every Ugandan to a clean and healthy environment. The Constitution puts the duty to maintain a clean and healthy environment on the Parliament of the Republic of Uganda. It stipulates that Parliament shall provide measures intended to protect the environment from abuse, pollution and degradation.
The 1995 Constitution provides for: . matters pertaining to management of land, natural resources and the environment, and the sustainable development thereof (Objective XXVII), including energy resources; . the right of every Ugandan to a clean and healthy environment (Article 39); . the responsibility of government to enact laws that protect and preserve the environment from degradation and to hold in trust for the people of Uganda such natural assets as lakes, rivers, wetlands, forest reserves, game reserves and national parks [Article 237(2)]; and . the right of every Ugandan to fair and adequate compensation in instances of the compulsory acquisition of land.
3.3.3 National Environmental Act, CAP 153 The main law relating to the protection of the environment in Uganda is the National Environment Act (NEA), Cap 153. This Act states the duty to protect and preserve the
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page35 environment and provides for the establishment of measures to manage the environment for sustainable development and promotion of environmental awareness. The NEMA was created under the NEA and is mandated with the responsibility to oversee, coordinate and supervise environmental management in Uganda, including the review of environmental impact assessments carried out for various projects.
The Act outlines the principles of environmental management and the rights to a decent environment. Furthermore, the Act sets out principles for: . Institutional arrangements . Environmental planning . Environmental regulations . Environmental standards . Environmental restoration orders and easements . Records, inspection and analysis . Financial provisions . Offences . Judicial proceedings and . International obligations. Therefore, it is imperative that the environmental and social impacts of the proposed distribution lines be assessed, quantified and appropriate mitigation measures be suggested to protect the environment from any form of pollution or degradation.
3.3.4 The Environmental Impact Assessment Regulations, 1998 Environmental Impact Assessment Regulations, 1998 provide for implementation of the NEA. These Regulations require that all projects listed in the third schedule of the NEA should be subjected to an impact assessment before implementation. This ESIA is in accordance with the stipulated EIA process.
3.3.5 The National Environment (Control and Certification of Environmental Practitioners) Regulations, 2001 Regulation 16(1) states that no person shall conduct an ESIA or carry out any activity relating to conduct of an environmental impact study or environmental audit as provided under the Act, unless that person has been duly certified and registered in accordance with these regulations. These Regulations apply to all persons certified and registered under the regulations as Environmental Practitioners, and corporate persons and partnerships registered under the regulations to co-ordinate individually registered persons to conduct environmental impact assessments or environmental audits. They also deal with those who wish to conduct ESIAs in Uganda.
The regulations set out the procedures of the application for certification and the code of practice and professional ethics. The practitioners have to pay prescribed fees (Fourth Schedule) before they can be fully registered.
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page36
This is a relevant provision since it is meant to professionalize the ESIA practice in the country so that the findings of an ESIA study are authoritatively used in decision-making. This ESIA report has been prepared by a NEMA ESIA Registered Team Leader and other 3 Registered and Certified Environmental Practitioners.
3.3.6 The National Environment (Waste Management) regulations, 1999 These regulations provide for the management of waste. Regulation 4 describes the sorting and disposal of domestic waste and provides that the generator of domestic waste may, without a license issued under these regulations, dispose non-hazardous waste in an environmentally sound manner in accordance with by-laws made by a competent local authority.
The Regulations also directly mention the application of cleaner production as a means to minimize production of wastes. Regulation 5 (1) states that a person who owns or controls a facility or premises, which generate waste, shall minimize the waste generated by adopting cleaner production methods. These include the improvement of production processes through; . Conserving raw materials and energy . Eliminating the use of toxic raw materials . Reducing toxic emissions and wastes . Monitoring the product cycle from beginning to end by: - Identifying and eliminating potential negative impacts of the product - Enabling the recovery and re-use of the product where possible - Reclamation and recycling and - Incorporating environmental concerns in the design and disposal of a product. These provisions apply to the proposed 33kv lines and associated low voltage networks. During the construction process, domestic waste and construction waste. The contractor and other institutions responsible for the generation of this waste shall comply with provisions of this regulatory standard.
3.3.7 The National Environment (Wet Land, River Bank and Lake Shores Management), Regulations 2001 These regulations provide for the management of wetlands, river banks and lake shores. Regulation 17 (1) states every landowner, occupier or user who is adjacent or contiguous with a wetland shall have a duty to prevent the degradation or destruction of the wetland and shall maintain the ecological and other functions of the wetland.
Section 12 (1) of the regulations provides that „subject to the provisions of these regulations, a person shall not carry out any activity in a wetland without a permit issued by the Executive Director (of NEMA).
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page37
Section 23 (1) (a) of the regulations require a person who intends to „use, erect, reconstruct, place, alter, extend, remove or demolish any structure or part of any structure in, under, or over the river bank or lake shore;‟ to make an application to the NEMA for Environment Impact Assessment before any such activity takes place.
The wetlands, river banks and lake shores regulations in section 34 provide that „a developer desiring to conduct a project which may have a significant impact on a wetland, river bank or lake shore, shall be required to carry out an environmental impact assessment in accordance with sections 20, 21 and 22 of the National Environment Act‟.
The proposed REA lines will traverse Wajali, Musambwa, Musale and many other swamps and streams as presented in chapter 4 in Masaka, Gomba, Butambala and Mukono districts. For the intended project to comply with this regulation, the developer (REA) is required to secure a permit from NEMA before construction of the distribution line across these wetlands can be effected. However, this ESIA report adequately cover the provisions of section 23 (1) (a) and will serve the purpose for the application of a permit.
3.3.8 The Electricity Act Cap 145 The Electricity Act 1999 provides for the need to protect the environment during consideration, development and operation of Electricity supply projects. The Act, established the Electricity Regulatory Authority (ERA), as a statutory body mandated to regulate all aspects of the electricity industry in Uganda. Section 10 of the Electricity Act, 1999, clearly defines ERA‟s mandate as a regulator and comprises 19 specific functions.
S.50 (2) makes it a condition to follow procedures laid down in the National Environment Act, 1995 (CAP 153 of the Laws of Uganda) during removal of installations considered inappropriate for further operations of the plant/activity.
Furthermore, Section 68 of the Electricity Act, 1999 outlines procedures and conduct of licensee during placement and maintenance of any electricity supply lines in, over or upon any land. Subsection (3) requires the licensee to make as little damage as possible to land and to the environment and should ensure prompt payment of fair and adequate compensation to all interested persons for any damage or loss sustained by the placement and maintenance of any electricity supply lines in, over or upon any land. The Electricity Act, 1999 gives adequate guidelines for the conduct of a licensee and recognizes the need to make good any damage and notice to those who may be affected by the project activities. This ESIA adequately covers these provisions. The mitigation measures for foreseeable impacts are detailed in the EMP.
3.3.9 The Land Act Cap 227 The Land Act, Cap 227 provides that the Government or the local government shall hold land in trust for the people and protect natural lakes, ground water, natural streams,
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page38 wetlands and any other land reserved for ecological purposes for the common good of the citizens of Uganda.
A local government may, upon request to the government, be allowed, to hold land in trust for the people and the common good of the citizens of Uganda. Section 40 (1) points out issues to be addressed during acquisition of land. It spells out that, no person shall: . sell, exchange, transfer, pledge, mortgage or lease any land; . enter into any contract for the sale, exchange, transfer, pledging, mortgage or lease of any land; and give away any land, or enter into any other transaction in respect of - land on which the person ordinarily resides with his or her spouse, and from which they derive their sustenance, except with the prior written consent of the spouse; - land on which a person ordinarily resides with his or her dependent children of majority age, except with the prior written consent of the dependent children of majority age; - land on which a person ordinarily resides with his or the children below the age of the majority, except with the prior written consent of the Committee; and - Land on which ordinarily reside orphans below majority age with interest in inheritance of the land, except with the prior written consent of the Committee.
Sections 43, 44 and 45(1) and (2) of the Land Act (1998), provides that national or local government may acquire land in accordance with the provisions of Article 26 and clause (2) of Article 237 of the Constitution of the Republic of Uganda.
The Act furthermore requires any person who owns or occupies land to manage and utilize it in accordance with the National Environment Act Cap 153 and any other laws binding.
Enforcement of the Land Act guidelines is through the Land Regulations (2001). The Regulations give details on matters such as application for Certification of Occupancy, converting leasehold into freehold system, formation of Community Land Associations, procedures for paying annual ground rent.
Part III sections 43, 44, and 45 specifically address the utilization of land in accordance with the various statutes and acts of environmental concern, which include the National Environment Act, The Water Act, and any other law passed by a competent authority. In addition, section 45 addresses the control of environmentally sensitive areas.
The relevant provisions of this act are very crucial under this project because some individuals or households are likely to be inconvenienced during the construction and operation of the project. Furthermore, amongst these communities are women and children whose rights to family land have to be protected. The mitigation measures in the EMP adequately cover possible impacts.
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page39
3.3.10 The Uganda Wildlife Act, Cap 2000 The main objective of the Uganda Wildlife Act, Cap 200 of 2000 is to protect wildlife resources and enable derivation of benefits. The need for sustainable management of wildlife resources is captured within the framework of effective planning and stakeholder participation. The Act allows local community involvement and opens up wildlife management to the non-governmental/private sector by making it possible for the private sector to manage protected areas / wildlife and provide services.
The Uganda Wildlife Act provides for, inter alia, the sustainable management of wildlife, and establishes the Uganda Wildlife Authority (UWA) as the body mandated with the co- ordination, monitoring and supervision of wildlife management. It does so in partnership with neighboring communities and stakeholders. It was established as a result of a merger between the Uganda National Parks and the Game Department.
Wildlife is defined by the Act to mean any wild plant or wild animal or species native to Uganda and includes wild animals that migrate through Uganda.
Considering that much of the line will go through remote section of the countryside involving clearing of vegetation, and excavation of land to create holes etc, this Act is quite relevant, and relevant provisions should be complied with.
The Act in S.15 (1) & (2) requires that any developer desiring to undertake any project which may have significant impact on any wildlife species or community undertakes an ESIA in accordance with the National Environment Act. This ESIA is meant to make the construction of the proposed REA lines compliant with this Act.
3.3.11 Historical and Monument Act, 1967 The existing law relating to archaeological sites in Uganda is the Historical and Monuments Act, 1967, which the Commissioner for Antiquities and Museums has currently placed under review.
The Act provides for the preservation and protection of historical monuments and objects of archaeological, paleontological, ethnographical, and traditional interest. Under this Act, the minister responsible may cause any of the aforesaid objects to be declared as preserved objects.
The Act prohibits any person from carrying out activities on or in relation to any object declared to be preserved or protected. Section 10 of this Act spells out the procedures and requirement to declare and inspect newly discovered sites that may have archaeological, paleontological, ethnographical, historical and traditional significance for purposes of protection.
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page40
Whereas there were no sites of archaeological, paleontological, ethnographical, historical and traditional significance identified in the power line corridor, chance findings may be encountered. Moreover, along the proposed route corridor there exist graves, which are revered traditional sites. The developer is urged to exercise due diligence where historical property is discovered in any way during construction of the proposed REA lines and other related activities
3.3.12 Occupational Safety and Health Act, 2006 The Occupational Safety and Health Act of 2006 consolidate, harmonize and update the law relating to occupational safety and health and repeals the Factories Act of 1964. The Act provides for the health, safety, welfare and appropriate training of persons employed in work places.
During the construction and operation of the proposed distribution lines, safety, welfare and training will be of paramount importance. Precautionary measures on Occupational Safety and Health have been stipulated in the EMP.
3.3.13 National Forestry and Tree Planting Act, 2003 Among others, this Act provides for the sustainable use of forest resources and the enhancement of the productive capacity of forests and provides for the promotion of tree planting. This law will apply in some areas that are traversed by the power distribution line, requiring compensation to offset any likely negative impact.
3.3.14 Public Health Act Cap 281 Section 7 of the Public Health Act Cap 281 provides local authorities with administrative powers to take all lawful, necessary and reasonable practicable measures for preventing the occurrence of, or for dealing with any outbreak of, any infectious communicable or preventable disease in order to safeguard and promote the public health.
Section 105 of the Public Health Act (1964) imposes a duty on the local authority to take measures to prevent any pollution that is dangerous to the health to enter any water supply that the public has a right to use for drinking or domestic purposes. The Act further details the location of waste disposal facilities such as solid waste skips and septic tanks in relation to settlements and food points.
During the construction and operation of the proposed REA lines, some activities may lead to contamination of the water supplies or spread of communicable diseases. Appropriate mitigation measures have been suggested in the EMP.
3.3.15 Workers Compensation Act, 2000 The Workers compensation Act, 2000 provides for the provision of financial compensation for work related injury or illness.
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page41
3.3.16 OccupationalSafety and Health Act, 2006 This was enacted to consolidate, harmonize and update the law relating to occupational safety and health, to repeal the Factories Act, Cap 220 and to provide for connected matters.The Act provides for the prevention and protection of persons at all workplaces from injuries, diseases, death and damage to property. Employers must provide for the protection of workers from adverse weather, provision of a clean and healthy work environment, sanitary conveniences, washing facilities, First Aid and facilities for meals. The Act provides for safe access to the workplaces and safe work practices which applies to this project as well.
3.3.17 Employment Act 2006 and Other related Acts The Employment Act 2006 shall be the governing legal statutory instrument for the recruitment, contracting, deployment, remuneration, management and compensation of workers. The premise of Employment Act 2006 is the provisions of Article 40 of The Constitution of Uganda. The Act mandates Labour Officers to inspect regularly the working conditions of workers to ascertain that the rights of workers and basic provisions are provided and workers‟ welfare is attended to. The Act also provides for the freedom of association of workers permitting workers to join labour organizations. This provision is also supported by the Labour Unions Act 7, 2006, which provides elaborate guideline and regulation for membership.
Other laws related to workers‟ safety, social security and protection worth noting include: . The Labour disputes (Arbitration and settlement) Act, 2006 . The Workers‟ Compensation Act, Cap 225 . The National Social Security Act Cap 222, and . The Labour Unions‟ Act, 2005.
3.3.18 The Uganda Investment Code, 1991 The Code makes legal provision for both local and foreign investments in Uganda. It seeks to provide more favourable conditions for investment in the country and promotes the contribution to locally or regionally balanced socio-economic development.It establishes the Uganda Investment Authority to provide for other related matters. Utilization of local materials and the introduction of modern technology as well as the improvement of indigenous technology require a Developer to carry out an EIA of the likely impacts of implementing these technologies. The proposed development is still in line with this law.
3.4 International Legislations 3.4.1 Overview Uganda has signed and/or ratified a number of international agreements relating to the environment, both regionally and globally. Conventions, which Uganda has ratified, include: . The Ramsar Convention on Wetlands of International Importance, UNESCO; . The Convention concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage (World Heritage Convention) – UNESCO;
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page42
. The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) – United Nations; . The African Convention on the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources – OAU; . The Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer and its Montreal Protocol; . The Convention on the Control of Trans-boundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal (Basel Convention); . The Bamako Convention on the Ban of the Import into Africa and the Control of Trans-boundary Movement and Management of Hazardous Wastes within Africa – OAU; . The Framework Convention on Climate – United Nations; and . The Convention relating to the Preservation of Flora and Fauna in their Natural State. . The Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants.
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page43
3.5 GAP analysis In order to ensure that the ESIA for the proposed REA lines meets the environmental and social policies and guidelines of development partners, gap analysis was carried out on the relevant Ugandan and development partner policies, legislations and guidelines.
The legislations detailed above cover most of the lender policy environmental guidelines however; there are gaps in the socio- economic requirements.
Under the Ugandan laws the affected persons are monetarily compensated, and that the affected persons are only eligible for compensation if they have legally recognized rights to the subject land, but the World Bank requires that all affected persons should be compensated, regardless of their occupancy status. WB policy provides for alternative land where compensation on land for land basis, compensation in kind and goes beyond monetary compensation by specifying that income must be restored at full replacement cost.
Table 3.1 below gives a comparison of relevant Ugandan policies and regulations with those of the development partners. Since the World Bank requirements stipulate adoption of the more stringent measures, strategies that the developer (REA) will use to make the project meet the more stringent guidelines have been included.
Table 3.1: GAP Analysis of Relevant National and International Regulations and Guidelines
Types of Ugandan Law World Bank OP4.12 Comparison/Gaps Applicable Affected standard Persons/ Lost Assets
Land Owners The Constitution of Uganda, OP 4.12 eligibility criteria include: (1) those The legal right to OP 4.12 prevails. 1995 vests all land directly in who have formal rights to land, including resettlement under the Citizens of Uganda, and custormary and traditional rigjhst recognized Ugandan law is states that every person in under Ugandan law (2) those who do not applicable only to Uganda has the right to own have such rights at the time the census those with proprietary property. Ugandan law begins, but have a recognized claim to such interest in the affected recognizes four distinct land land or assets (3) those who have no land. tenure systems, customary recognizable legal right or claim to the land tenure, freehold tenure, that they occupy. Customary land holds
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page44
Types of Ugandan Law World Bank OP4.12 Comparison/Gaps Applicable Affected standard Persons/ Lost Assets
leasehold tenure, and mailo property and tenure. Persons under 1) and 2) are provided ownership. compensation for the land that they lose, and Customary land owners are relocation assistance such as moving Entitlement under entitled to compensation allowances, and development assistance to Ugandan law for based on the open market restore livelihoods. Persons under 3 are payment of value of the unimproved land provided resettlement assistance. All PAPs compensation is are provided compensation for non-land essentially based on assets that they lose. the right of ownership or legal user/occupancy rights. Land-for-land exchange is the preferred option for people whose livelihoods are land based; Market value is based compensation is to be based on replacement on recent transactions cost. Whenever replacement land is offered and thus if alternative land should be of at least equivalent value in property is purchased terms of productive value and locational within a reasonable advantage. period of the payment of compensation, it is Any cash compensation for lost land and other likely that market assets (structures, crops, trees) must be at value will reflect replacement cost (in real terms) replacement value. However, local inflation in price land or construction materials can affect what is determined as replacement cost. If this is not reflected in recent transactions, market value may not reflect replacement value.
Land Ugandan law does not make See above. The OP 4.12 explicitly states that Design ERT III
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page45
Types of Ugandan Law World Bank OP4.12 Comparison/Gaps Applicable Affected standard Persons/ Lost Assets
Tenants/Squatters any specific accommodation the affected persons cannot be denied Project activities for squatters or illegal compensation /resettlement assistance based Those without formal to avoid settlers, and compensation on the lack of legal title. Bank projects, legal rights or claims resettlement or is based on legal occupancy therefore, need to make provisions for helping to such lands are not minimize The Land Act treats lawful squatters / encroachers achieve the objectives entitled to be resettled occupants and bonafide of the Bank's resettlement policy. or compensated under displacement of occupants as statutory Ugandan law. people tenants of the registered For those without formal legal rights to lands OP 4.12 owner. Under Section 29 of or without claims to such land that could be prevails the Land Act, “lawful recognized under the laws of the country, the occupant” means a person government should provide resettlement who entered the land with the assistance, to help improve or at least restore consent of the registered those affected persons‟ livelihoods. owner, and includes a purchaser; or a person who had occupied land as a customary tenant but whose tenancy was not disclosed or compensated for by the registered owner at the time of acquiring the leasehold certificate of title.“Bona fide occupant” means a person who before the coming into force of the Constitutionhad occupied and utilised or developed any land unchallenged by the registered owner or agent of the registered owner for twelve years or more; orhad been settled on land by the Government or an agent of the Government, which may include a local authority.
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page46
Types of Ugandan Law World Bank OP4.12 Comparison/Gaps Applicable Affected standard Persons/ Lost Assets
For the avoidance of doubt, a person on land on the basis of a licence from the registered owner shall not be taken to be a lawful or bona fide occupant under this section. Any person who has purchased or otherwise acquired the interest of the person qualified to be a bona fide occupant under this section shall be taken to be a bona fide occupant for the purposes of this Act.
Land Licensees are granted See above. Squatters are provided Design of Users/Licensees authority to use land for resettlement assistance and compensation for ERTIII Project agricultural production, loss of non-land assets that they lose. to avoid usually limited to annual resettlement or crops. They have no legal People who have valid licenses for temporary security of tenure or any use of land or structures are eligible for minimize propriety right in the land. compensation for the loss– this compensation displacement of shall be prorated for the remaining period of people The Land Act, section 29(5) validity. These people should also be The program clearly states that for the compensated for loss of crops or other will have a avoidance of doubt, a damage incurred. strategy for licensee shall not taken to be It would be good practice to provide these a lawful or bonafide occupant people with relocation or transition assistance. enabling the PAPs restore their incomes to at least pre-ERT III- Project levels
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page47
Types of Ugandan Law World Bank OP4.12 Comparison/Gaps Applicable Affected standard Persons/ Lost Assets
Relocation assistance should be provided. Op 4.12 prevails Owners of non- Mailo tenure involves the See above. There appears to be a Project will permanent holding of land in perpetuity. For those without formal legal rights to lands significant difference provide buildings It was established under the or claims to such land that could be between Ugandan compensation Uganda Agreement of 1900. recognized under the laws of the country, laws and Bank policy. based on It permits the separation of Bank policy provides for resettlement Those without formal replacement ownership of land from the assistance in lieu of compensation for land, to legal rights or claims value. This ownership of developments help improve or at least restore their to such lands and/or will include the on land made by a lawful livelihoods. Compensation for loss of non- semi-permanent payment of occupant. land assets that are lost (for ex. structures, structures are not government Owners of non-permanent trees, crops) entitled to valuation rates buildings are entitled to resettlement and payment compensation based on assistance or of a rates set by District Land compensation under disturbance Boards. Ugandan law. allowance OP 4.12 prevails
Owners of Valuation of buildings is Entitled to in-kind compensation or cash Values based on Project will provide permanent based on open market value compensation at full replacement cost depreciated compensation buildings for urban areas and including labor and relocation expenses, prior replacement cost do based on depreciated replacement to displacement not reflect full replacement value cost in the rural areas. replacement as per OP 4.12. cost/value required by This will include OP 4.12 the payment of government valuation rates, the payment of a disturbance allowance.
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page48
Types of Ugandan Law World Bank OP4.12 Comparison/Gaps Applicable Affected standard Persons/ Lost Assets
Timing of Once the assessment office Taking of land and assets may only take place There is no Follow OP 4.12. compensation takes possession, the land after compensation has been paid and, where equivalence on payments immediately becomes vested applicable, resettlement sites and moving implementing all in the Land Commission, allowances have been privided to the displaced relevant resettlement according to the Land persons For projects involving restrictions of plans before project Acquisition Act. However the access, measures to assist the displaced completion or on Land Act Cap 227 (section persons are implemented in accordance with the providing resettlement 42) provides compulsory timetable in the plan of actions. entitlements before acquisition must comply with displacement or the provisions of the restriction of access. Constitution(article 26) Calculation of According to the Land Act, Bank policy requires: (a) prompt There are no Market value is compensation and Cap 227 (section 77), the compensation at full replacement cost for loss equivalent provisions based on recent valuation value of customary land shall of assets attributable to the project; (b) if there in Ugandan law on transactions and be the open market value of is relocation, assistance during relocation, and relocation assistance, thus if alternative the unimproved land. Value residential housing, or housing sites, or transitional support, or property is of the buildings shall be at agricultural sites of equivalent productive the provision of civic purchased within a open market value for urban potential, as required; (c) transitional support infrastructure. reasonable period areas and depreciated and development assistance, such as land of the payment of replacement cost for rural preparation, credit facilities, training or job The basis of compensation, it is areas. The crops and opportunities as required, in addition to compensation likely that market buildings of a non-permanent compensation measures; (d) cash assessment is not value will reflect nature are compensated at compensation for land when the impact of stated in the Land replacement value. rates set by District Land land acquisition on livelihoods is minor; and Acquisition Act (an old However, local Boards. (e) provision of civic infrastructure and law due for review), inflation in price community services as required. although the land or Constitution provides construction for „prompt, fair and materials can adequate‟ affect what is compensation. (article determined as 26) replacement cost. If this is not OP 4.12 requires reflected in recent compensation at full transactions, (non depreciated) market value may
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page49
Types of Ugandan Law World Bank OP4.12 Comparison/Gaps Applicable Affected standard Persons/ Lost Assets
replacement cost of not reflect assets replacement value.
OP 4.12 shall be followed.
Relocation and Both The Constitution, 1995 To avoid or minimize involuntary resettlement Ugandan laws do not This gap will be resettlement and The Land Act, 1998 and, where this is not feasible, to assist appear to make addressed by gives the government and displaced persons in improving or at least provisions for followoing OP 4.12 local authorities power to restoring their livelihoods and standards of avoidance or compulsorily acquire land. living in real terms relative to pre-displacement minimizing of The Constitution states that levels or to levels prevailing prior to the involuntary “no person shall be beginning of project implementation, resettlement compulsorily deprived of whichever is higher property or any interests in or any right over property of any description except” if the taking of the land necessary “for public use or in the interest of defense, public safety, public order, public morality or public health.” Completion of Privately owned land‟s value Implement all relevant resettlement plans before There is no The project will resettlement and is negotiated between the project completion and provide resettlement equivalence between conform to WB OP compensation owner and the developer. In entitlements before displacement or restriction of Ugandan law and 4.12 and best rural areas, land is valued at access. For projects involving restrictions of World Bank policies practices during open market value, buildings access, impose the restrictions in accordance on implementing implementation of are valued at replacement with the timetable in the plan of actions. relevant resettlement the RAPs. cost, and a 15% to 30% plans before project disturbance allowance must completion or on be paid if six months or less providing resettlement notice is given to the owner. entitlements before displacement or restriction of access.
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page50
Types of Ugandan Law World Bank OP4.12 Comparison/Gaps Applicable Affected standard Persons/ Lost Assets
Livelihood There are no explicit Livelihoods and living standards are to be Ugandan policy and The Bank policy restoration and provisions under restored in real terms to pre-displacement legislation does not has to be followed assistance resettlement or relocation for levels or better consider livelihood here since it is livelihood assistance. restoration funder of the project Consultation and There are no explicit Consult project-affected persons, host While the consultation OP 4,.12 shall be disclosure provisions for consultations communities and local NGOs, as appropriate. requirement is followed and disclosure but there are Provide them opportunities to participate in the inherent in the EIA, it guidelines issued by planning, implementation, and monitoring of the contains a number of separate ministries (e.g. resettlement program, especially in the process differences with the roads and energy). of developing and implementing the procedures requirements of Bank The Land Acquisition Act, for determining eligibility for compensation policy, most notably however makes provision for benefits and development assistance (as PAPs should be an enquiry whereby the documented in a resettlement plan), and for informed of and affected person can make establishing appropriate and accessible consulted on the formal written claim and the grievance mechanisms. RAPs including on assessment officer is obliged compensation benefits to conduct a hearing before and development making his award. assistance, and be informed of grievance mechanisms related to the resettlement Consultantion and communication is continuously needed during the entire time the RAP is being implemented. Grievance The Land Act, 1998 states Establish appropriate and accessible grievance Grievance mechanism and that land tribunals must be mechanisms. committees to be dispute resolution established at all districts. instituted within the The Land Act empowers the procedure but will Land Tribunals to determine not replace the disputes and it provides for existing legal appeal to higher ordinary process in Uganda
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page51
Types of Ugandan Law World Bank OP4.12 Comparison/Gaps Applicable Affected standard Persons/ Lost Assets
courts. The Land Acquisition rather it seeks to Act provides for the resolve issues aggrieved person to appeal quickly so as to to the High Court. expedite receipt of entitlements and smooth resettlement without resorting to expensive and time-consuming legal action. If the grievance procedure fails to provide a settlement, complainants can still seek legal redress.
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page52
3.6 Institutional framework
3.6.1 National Environmental Management Authority, NEMA The National Environmental Act provides for establishment of NEMA as the principal agency responsible for coordination, monitoring and supervision of environmental conservation activities. NEMA is under the Ministry of Water and Environment (MWE) but has a cross-sectoral mandate to oversee the conduct of EIA through issuance of EIA guidelines, regulations and registration of practitioners. It reviews and approves environmental impact statements (EIS) in consultation with any relevant lead agencies. NEMA's enforcement branch is the department of Monitoring and Compliance. It is responsible for ensuring that enterprises comply with the various environmental regulations and standards. NEMA has appointed environmental inspectors whose powers and duties are spelled out in Section 81 of the National Environmental Act and can include stopping any activity which pollutes the environment. The environmental inspector may also issue an improvement notice requiring an operator of any activity to cease any activities deleterious to the environment which are contrary to the Act. NEMA has power; to prosecute environmental offenders and offences committed under the National Environment Act may earn the offender fines and prison sentences. NEMA works with District Environment Offices and Local Environment Committees at local government level, which undertake inspection, monitoring and compliance enforcement on its behalf. Therefore NEMA will review all ESIA reports prepared in respect of this project.
3.6.2 Ministry of Energy and Mineral Development, MEMD The Ministry is responsible for the energy sector, dealing specifically with policy formulation, policy implementation and monitoring. In 1999, following approval by cabinet of the Power Sector Reform and Privatization Strategy and enactment of new electricity law (The Electricity Act, 1999), Electricity Regulatory Authority (ERA) was established to regulate the energy sector. Thus, while the MEMD formulates policy, ERA is charged with the mandate of regulating the energy sector, independent of the Ministry. Therefore Implementation of the Project will be by REA which is overseen by MEMD.
3.6.3 Electricity Regulatory Authority, ERA The Electricity Regulatory Authority (ERA) is a statutory body established in accordance with the Electricity Act of 1999 (CAP 145) as an agency of the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Development. The mandate of ERA is "to provide for the generation, transmission, distribution, sale and use of electricity" in Uganda; to guide the liberalization of the electricity industry; and to manage licensing, rates, safety and other matters concerning the electricity industry. The main functions of ERA include: Issuing licenses for generation, transmission, distribution, of electricity processing applications for investors in the energy sector; Enforcement of requirement under the Act to ensure compliance with regulations; Establishing tariffs, reviewing, and approving rates of investment in the electricity sector; Advising the minister regarding the need for electricity projects; and Developing and enforcement of energy standards. ERA will ensure that, the operations costing of energy from the planned project will be in accordance with its set standards and tariffs. Therefore, ERA will license this project for its development and operation. ERA also has an environment unit which monitors environmental compliance in energy projects. This department is said to be adequately staffed.
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page53
3.6.4 Local Government Administration Structures The Local Governments Act, Cap 243 provides for decentralized governance and devolution of central government functions, powers and services to local governments that have their own political and administrative structures. Districts have powers to oversee implementation of development activities under supervision of their relevant departments such as environment, lands and water resources. District and Local Council administration of Masaka, Gomba, Butambala, Mukono and Luwero will be vital in implementation of the project by mobilizing political goodwill and sensitizing local communities. Local administration leaders e.g. District Environmental Officers (DEO) will also play role in environmental monitoring associated with project construction and operation. District and Local Council administrations are stakeholders in the Project and will have input in to the EIA process as well as subsequent monitoring. For example DEOs will review the project EIA and provide guidance about local conditions to NEMA prior to approval decision.
3.6.5 Ministry of Gender, Labour & Social Development, MGLSD Ministry of Gender, Labour & Social Development (MGLSD) is responsible for coordinating social development in Uganda. In collaboration with other stakeholders, MGLSD is responsible for inspecting state of occupational safety, labour relations, community empowerment, protection and promotion of rights and obligations of vulnerable groups for social protection and gender- responsive development. Therefore MGLSD is a stakeholder in the project and will be responsible for inspecting the project for compliance with occupational health and safety regulations, national labour laws and gender equity. The District Labour Officer and District Community Development Officer(s) are the contact persons representing this ministry at the district.
3.6.6 Rural Electrification Agency, REA REA is a government agency responsible for promoting rural electrification by moving of our population from use of traditional energy sources (e.g. firewood and other basic forms of biomass) to the adoption of modern energy services (e.g. electricity, petroleum fuels, bio-fuels and improved stoves). REA is charged with the following key responsibilities: a) Undertake basic planning and preparation of projects in line with the Indicative Rural Electrification Master Plan (IREMP) and as determined by the Rural Electrification Board. b) Implement Government‟s priority rural electrification projects for public funding as determined by the Board. c) Generate and provide information relating to investment opportunities, costs and benefits of rural electrification and available technical and financial support facilities to all stakeholders. d) Recommend to the Rural Electrification Board the most efficient use of the Rural Electrification Fund (REF) for promotion of Rural Electrification Programme as set by Government policy. e) Process applications for financial support from the REF. f) Build and maintain a national database on rural electrification projects in Uganda. g) Prepare for the Board an annual status report on the Rural Electrification Programme indicating progress, challenges and obstacles, and identifying options for mitigating the obstacles. In this project, REA is the developer and is responsible for planning, coordinating, implementation and monitoring of project‟s impacts. REA has technical capacity to monitor environmental issues under this project.
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page54
4 BIOPHYSICAL AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC BASELINE OF THE PROJECT THE AREA
4.1 BIOPHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT
4.1.1 Topography The Distribution /distribution lines will traverse majorly Buwunga sub-county (Masaka districts), Sebagabo-Kabulasoke, Kyoganza and Mpenja sub-counties (Gomba-Butmbala) and Nama, Kimenyede, Nagojje, Kasawo, Kyampisi sub-counties (Mukono district). All the lines have been designed to follow existing public roads/tracks in the benefiting parishes and villages.
Masaka Lot In Masaka, the highest section of the project area is around Nakasojo, Kitanga, Mugamba and Nkuke at about meters 1415-1453 meters above sea level while the lowest area is the landing sites of Bale and Namirembe at the shore of lake Victoria at about 1235-1253 meters above sea level.
Gomba-Butambala Lot The topography of Gomba/Butambala is almost similar to that of Masaka with peaks at 1407- 1483 and lowest points at 1231-1273 meters above sea level except that the higher peaks (hills) are uniformly scattered in the project area. The peaks are situated around Kanoni Town Council, Mpunge parish, Buwanguzi and Kitojo village and several others.
Mukono Lot Unlike the Masaka and Gomba/Butambala Lots, the Mukono project area is generally flat to gently sloping at an average elevation of 1233-1258 meters above sea level. The highest peak is at about 1333 and the lowest is at about 1154 meters above sea level. Figures 4.1-4.3 present the general topography of the 3 Lots in feet above sea level.
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page55
Figure 4.1: Map of the Masaka Lot showing the topography of the project area
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page56
Figure 4.2: Map of the Gomba/Butambala Lot showing the topography of the project area
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page57
Figure 4.1: Map of the Mukono Lot showing the topography of the project area
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page58
4.1.2 Geology and oils
Masaka Lot The soil texture of the project area is varied from place to place ranging from red laterite, sandy loam and loam but is in general productive. Soils are generally Ferrallitic, characterized by red colored sandy clay loams within the Municipality and yellowish sandy loams in the surrounding areas. Along the shores of Lake Victoria, soils are hydro"morphic.
Gomba/ Butambala Lot The district lies in the central plateau of Uganda, which comprises undulating hills with deeply incised valleys. The hill summits lie between 1,182 and 1,341 meters above sea level. Seasonal and permanent streams drain much of the low-lying areas. The underlying rocks mainly comprise rocks of Precambrian age that are highly weathered. The most dominant rocks being of the Buganda-Toro system.
Soils are mainly of the Buganda Catena and are combinations of clay and sandy loams resulting in sandy clay loams. The soils are relatively fertile and favorable for crop production (SOER/Mpigi NEMA 1997). Most soils however require soil engineering and vegetative soil conservation. Soils on hills tend to be thin and unsuitable for cultivation and are therefore mainly used for grazing under natural vegetation. Poor farming practices have resulted in loss of fertility in most parts of the district thus reducing productivity.
Mukono Lot The geology of Mukono district comprises majorly the precambian and caonozoic rock formations. The caonozoic rock formations are particularly associated with the western part of the district which is the project area. It stretches from the south and north-wards, particularly associated with the Sezibwa River and is composed of pleistocene to recent sediments, alluvium, black soils and moraines.
There are 17 different types of soils found in Mukono District, namely: Buganda Catena, Kyebe Catena, Mirambi Catena, Mabira Catena, Nakabongo Catena, Kamusene Series, Buyaga Catena, Buruli Catena, Lwampanga Series, Mulembo Series, Kifu Series, Kaku Series, Sango Series, Sesse Series, Bugoma Series, Kiwayu Series, and Papyrus Peat.
The project area comprises mainly Mabira catena, Nakabongo catena, Lwampanga series and Papyrus Peat. Papyrus Peat is basically alluvial soil influenced by papyrus peat, and comprises raw humus/organic matter. They are generally non-productive; although the papyrus swamps are utilized as a source of papyrus material and fish. These soils are found in Galiraya sub-county, along the shores of Lake Kyoga, and river banks of Sezibwa River, and the Victoria Nile. Other detail of the various catenas and soil series are presented in the state of environment report for Mukono district (a separate document). Figures 4.4-4.6 present the soil maps of the project areas. Geology maps are presented in Annex 4.
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page59
Figure 4.6: Masaka Lot showing the nature of soils in the project area
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page60
Figure 4.6: Gomba/ButambalaLot showing the nature of soils in the project area
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page61
Figure 4.6: Mukono Lot showing the nature of soils in the project area
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page62
4.1.3 Climate
4.1.3.1 Masaka Lot The Climate of Masaka District is tropical in nature, being modified by relief and nearness to Lake Victoria. The rainfall pattern is bimodal having two seasons with dry spells between July and August, and January to March. The months of March, April and May receive very heavy and well distributed rains of up to 1,200mm. The second season occurs in the months of September to December. With the exception of a few years of declining trend in precipitation, the annual average rainfall received is between 1100mm – 1200mm with 100 – 110 rainy days. The average maximum temperature does not exceed 30o C and the minimum not below 100C with almost equal length of day and night throughout the year. The humidity level is generally low throughout the district with the exception of lakeshore areas where it tends to rise.
4.1.3.2 Gomba/Butambala Lot With an average rainfall of 1320 mm p.a. and temperatures ranging between 20-300c, the district has favorable climate for agriculture and forest growth. Land cover is therefore a combination of tropical high forests, woodland, grassland, wetlands and arable land. About 90% of the people in the district live in rural areas and depend on agriculture (subsistence). Land therefore supports livelihoods, plant and animal life.
4.1.3.3 Mukono Lot Most of Mukono District lies on a high plan (1000-1300) above sea level with some areas along Sezibwa River below 760m above sea level, Southern Buikwe is a raised plateau (1220-2440m) drainedby rivers of Sezibwa and Musamya.The mean annual rainfall is 1100mm distributed over 106 rain days, with peaks in March – May and September – November. Temperatures range between 16oC and 28oc throughout the year. Both relief and the climate provide a good potential for investment in cash and food crop, horticulture and floriculture on a commercial basis. Figures 4.7-4.9 below present the average annual rainfalls of the project areas.
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page63
Figure 4.7: Average annual rainfall within the Masaka Lot project area
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page64
gure 4.8: Average annual rainfall within the Gomba/Butambala project area
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page65
Figure 4.9: Average annual rainfall within the Gomba/Butambala project area
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page66
4.1.4 Noise Baseline noise conditions were investigated along selected segments of the proposed distribution lines in Masaka, Gomba and Mukono project areas using an Extech 407730 Sound Level Meter. Table 4.1 below presents some of the baseline noise levels taken at some selected points along the project sites (along the proposed distribution line corridor)
Table 4.1: Summary of noise study findings at various points within and around the sampled project sites Area Source of Coordinates Comments
Sampled baseline noise
conditions
Minimum (dBA) Maximum (dBA) Average (dBA) Nema Standards (dBA) Overall rating
Masaka Lot Karugondo Trading Lo 49.8 - Natural processes E:361538 60 Normal Low Centre, Kamwozi (wind and birds) N:9952048 Parish, Buwunga and traffic mainly Sub-county. motorcycles. Kyera Village, Lo 52.3 - Music and E:360735 60 Normal Low Naluzali Parish, interactions from N:9953067 Buwunga Sub- retail shops. county. Lwanunda Trading Lo 56.2 - Mainly from traffic E:361118 60 Normal Low Centre, Kamwozi especially N:9955755 Parish, Buwunga motorcycles and Sub-county. people‟s interractions. Ggulama Trading Lo 47.3 - Mainly from traffic, E:356813 60 Normal Low Centre, Ggulama retail traders and N:9952262 Parish, Buwunga tailors. Sub-county Kitengeesa Trading 52.3 62.8 57.5 Mainly from pupils E:360946 60 Acceptable Med Centre, Kitengeesa playing in the N:9956975 Parish, Buwunga background and ium Sub-county moving traffic. Buwunga Sub- Lo 45.1 - From natural E:364457 60 Normal Low county processes (birds N:9957305 Headquarters and wind). Mugamba village, Lo 47.2 - Natural processes 60 Normal Low Mazinga Parish, (birds and wind) Buwunga Sub- and domestic county activities. Nakiyaga Trading 42.3 56.1 49.2 Traffic mainly E:365680 60 Normal Low Centre motorcycles and N:9954246 activities in retail shops.
Gomba/Butambala Lot Kalagala Lo 52.5 - Sporadic traffic E:381289 60 Normal Low mainly N:21660 motorcycles and activities in retail shops. Kanoni Town 55 65 60.0 Commercial E: 378426 60 Normal Low Council activities from N: 19476 shops, music, traffic (motorcycles and vehicles). Mauchi, Lo 42.3 - Natural processes E:373735 60 Normal Low Butubagumu parish. (birds and wind) N:13378 Sebagabo- and domestic Kabulasoke s.c activities.
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page67
Area Source of Coordinates Comments
Sampled baseline noise
conditions
Minimum (dBA) Maximum (dBA) Average (dBA) Nema Standards (dBA) Overall rating Ngeribarya, Mpenja Lo 44.7 - Natural processes E:390754 60 Normal Low subcounty and some traffic N:16694 from motorcycles. Mpenja, Kisoga 58 64 61 Commercial E:394561 60 Normal Low parish, Kyegonza activities from N:24781 subcounty shops, traffic from vehicles and motorcycles.
Mukono Lot Mayangayanga. 48 55 51.5 Commercial E:480105 60 Normal Low kasaw subcounty activities from N:54881 retail shops, traffic and conversations. Namakoma, Lo 48.5 - Natural processes E:482368 60 Normal Low Kimenyede and some traffic N:62284 subcounty from motorcycles. Nabale, Kyampisi Lo 43.0 - Natural processes E:468460 60 Normal Low sub-county and some traffic N:62156 from motorcycles. Namengo, Kyampisi 52 58.1 55.05 Commercial E:467649 60 Normal Low sub-county activities from N:56249: retail shops, traffic and conversations. Namasumbi Lo 44.9 - Natural processes E:465592 60 Normal Low and some traffic N:59965 from motorcycles.
Noise levels along the proposed power lines fluctuate greatly and this is due to the changing land uses in the project area environment. However, the noise levels along the sampled project sites within the permitted normal ranges for Residential + Industry or small scale production + Commerce as indicated in the in the Standards for Maximum Permissible Noise Levels for various environments (The National Environment (Noise Standards and Control) Regulations, 2003). It should be noted that such conditions are likely to change when the project areas receive power because it is anticipated that small scale industries such as maize mills, metal works and others will commence. Construction works will result into sporadic modification of baseline noise levels at certain segments of the line but such an impact will be temporary. Table 4.2 below presents standard for maximum permissible noise levels for various environments.
Table 4.2 Standards for Maximum Permissible Noise Levels for various environments
For General Environment Noise Limits dB(A) Facility Day Night A. Any building used as hospital, convalescence home, home 45 35 for the aged, sanatorium and institutes for higher learning, conference rooms, public library, environment or recreational site. B. Residential building. 50 35 C. Mixed residential (with some commercial and 55 45 entertainment). D. Residential + Industry or small scale production + 60 55
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page68
Commerce. E. Industrial. 70 60
Construction site (i) Hospitals, schools, institutions for higher learning, homes for 60 50 the disabled, etc. (ii) Buildings other than those prescribed in (i).
From a factory or workshop Acceptable noise limit Duration (Daily) Duration (weekly) dB(A) 85 8 Hours 40 Hours 88 4 Hours 20 Hours 91 2 Hours 10 Hours 94 1 Hours 5 Hours 97 30 Hours 2.5 Hours 100 15 Hours 1.25 Hours 103 7.5 Minutes 37.5 Minutes 106 3.75 Minutes 18.75 Minutes 109 1.875 Minutes 9.375 Minutes
Accelerating vehicles Vehicle Category in dB(A) Vehicle Category Maximum sound level 1 Vehicles intended for carriage of passengers and equipped with not more 78 than nine seats, including the driver‟s seat 2 Vehicles intended for carriage of passengers and equipped with not more than nine seat including the drivers‟ seat and having maximum permissible mass of more than 3.5 tonnes- (a) With an engine power of more than 150KW 80 (b) With an engine power of less than 150KW 83 3 Vehicles intended for carriage of passengers and equipped with more than nine seats including driver‟s seat: Vehicles intended for carriage of goods- (a) With maximum permissible mass not exceeding 2 tonnes. 79 (b) With maximum permissible mass exceeding 2 tonnes but not exceeding 3.5 tonnes. 80
4 Vehicles intended for the carriage of goods and having a maximum permissible mass exceeding 3.5 tonnes- (a) With an engine power of less than 75KW. 81 (b) With an engine power of not less than 75KW but less than 150KW. 83 (c) With an engine power of less than 150KW. 84
Mines and quarries Facility Limit value in dB(C) 1 For any buildings used as a hospital, school, convalescent home, old age 109 dB(C) home or residential building. 2 For any building in area used for residential and one or more of the following purposes: Commerce, small scale production, entertainment, or any residential apartment in area that is used for purposes of industry, commerce, or small 14dB(C) scale production, or any building used for the purpose of industry, commerce or small scale production.
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page69
Time fame: Day 6.00am - 10.00pm Night 10.00pm - 6.00am Source: The National Environment (Noise Standards and Control) Regulations, 2003
4.1.5 Land cover and land use
3.1.1.1 Overview Agriculture forms a base of the mainstream economic life of the people along all the 3 Lots (Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono district). Majority of the households along the Distribution Line are engaged in agriculture, though mainly practicing subsistence farming. Other than the area under Sugarcane and tea plantations, there is limited application of modern techniques of production and this leaves farmers operating below their potential. Therefore about 80% of the area that will be traversed by the REA lines is under subsistence farming as presented in figures 4.10, 4.11 ne 4.12 below. Generally, the following land use categories were documented along the project area. They include: Agricultural based activities mainly subsistence and a few commercials especially where there are sugarcane and tea plantations. Savana wood land and grass lands under cattle and goat rearing. Private forest estate (e.g. individual, community and commercial forest estates. Public utilities (including roads, power distribution and water systems). Conservation areas especially the affected Central Forest Reserves under National Forestry Authority.
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page70
Figure 4.10: Land cover map of the Masaka project area
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page71
Figure 4.11: Land cover map of the Gomba/Butambala project area.
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page72
Figure 4.12: Land cover map of the Mukono project area.
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page73
4.1.6 BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT
4.1.7 Overview Clearing of the wayleave for a distribution line (33kv) will remove relatively small amounts of wildlife habitat. The impact of this clearing varies from animal to animal. In some instances, clearing may encourage growth of plants that improve terrestrial habitat for certain animals and understorey birds. On the other hand, clearing critical habitats of rare and endangered species is likely to have a negative, adverse impact on those species.
Plants offer potential advantages over other taxa as biodiversity indicators because they are the primary producers. Their abundance and diversity is likely to influence the species richness belonging to higher trophic levels (Davenport et al.1996, Kent et al. 1996). Plants are also a major indicator of changes in environmental conditions for example changes in water availability, soil chemistry, etc. Short term effects of environmental changes are easy to observe and they would include conditions like sudden withering of otherwise healthy plants and even death of some species. Such effects are easily detected and monitored in plants than in animals because of the shorter life cycles and immobility of plants. This makes plants the best environmental indicators and hence the need for vegetation surveys to gather baseline data before undertaking projects that are potentially capable of changing the environment.
4.1.8 Flora After conducting vegetation surveys in the project areas, about 90% of the project area can be categorized as a disturbed ecosystem that has been altered by agricultural activities. Most of the project area is under subsistence and commercial cultivation (E.g. Sugarcane and tea estates, especially in Mukono district). Local communities in all the 3 project areas at large are heavily reliant on natural resources for their livelihood and today nearly all the natural vegetation has disappeared owing to major land use changes such as clearing forests for timber, charcoal and firewood, and swamps for cultivation. The area also still holds mosaics of natural vegetation especially in the wetlands and riverine forests. The farmlands are dominated by a few trees and majorly shrubs and grasses such as Pernnisetum, Panicum maximum, Imperata cylindrical, Vernonia amygdalyna, Commelina Africana, Markhamia lutea, Eragrostis tenuifolia Eragrostis sp, Eragrostis ciliaris, Solanum mauritiana, Marantochloa micrantha, Maesa lanceolata, Cissus rotundifolia, Alchornea sp, Chrysanthellum indicum, Ficus asperifolia and many others.Some of the dominant tree species in the riverine forest and central forest reserves include Celtis sp, Lovoa, Maesopsis spp, Morus Lactea, Antiaris Africana, Aningeria, Mitragyna, Cidrera Cidrata, Pinus caribea, Markhamia lutea among others. None of the plant species encountered are endangered or threatened according to IUCN.
Some invasive species were encountered during the survey and most of them were abundant in the farmlands and disturbed wetlands. These have a large potential to suppress indigenous plant species (Cronk & Fuller 2001, Global Invasive Species Programme 2003). Such species include Alternanthera pungens, Amaranthus spinosa, Digitaria scalarum, Mimosa pigra and Lantana camara.
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page74
A B
Plate 4.1: A farmland (A) and a riverine ecosystem (b) along the project roads/site
4.1.9 Wetlands Wetlands included open streams, seasonal and permanent wetlands. Species of seasonal wetlands included Echinochloa pyramidalis, Loudetiasimplex, Cyperus spp., Fimbristylisdichotoma, Cissampelosmucronata, Leersiahexandra and Polygonumsalicifolium. Cyperuspapyrus, Phragmitesmauritiana, Phoenixreclinata were among the many species of permanent wetlands. In these wetland areas were also found patches of swamp forest vegetation and the species here included Phoenixreclinata, Albizia zygia, Maesopsis eminii, Macarangaschweinfurthii and Alchornea cordifolia Plate 4.6). Swamp forest species were Phoenix reclinata, Acacia polyacantha, Blighia unijugata, Albizia grandibracteata etc. Table 4.3 below presents all wetlands affected by the proposed REA lines in all the project areas.
Table 4.3: Particulars of all wetlands that will be affected by the proposed REA lines No Name of Distance to Location Hydrological and or physiological particulars of the wetland/ be spanned coordinates wetland stream by the line (WGS 84, Zone 36N)
Masaka Lot 1 Kyanjovu 401m E:358225 Swamp originates in Kamwozi village and joins swamp N:9954982 Namajuzi wetland along Masaka road which forms the H:1213m lake shore of lake victoria. According to the community, swamp lacks fish or major animals (large mammals). The swamp is a major source of grass (sedges) for thatching. People in the upper catchment use it as a water source for domestic activities. Swamp crosses other villages such as Kamwozi, Nakatete, Bukinda, Kakintu and Bisanje and pours its water in river Bisanje. 2 Mutukula 133m E:364308 Point of crossing is located between Buwunga and swamp N:9957926 Kitwe A villages. It is said to originate from Kitengesa H:1194m village and proceeds to join Butenzi swamp after which it joins the lake Victoria. It is a major water source (all domestic activities including drinking) for all the surrounding villages. 3 Kibogera 209m E:365347 Swamp originates from mazinga village and proceeds
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page75
No Name of Distance to Location Hydrological and or physiological particulars of the wetland/ be spanned coordinates wetland stream by the line (WGS 84, Zone 36N) swamp N:9957819 up to Namirembe village. It is not a water source for H:1185m the community. 4 Musambwa 410m E:366540 A major papyrus swamp which is said to originate swamp N:9955100 from Kyabumba village and finally drains into lake H:1170m victoria. It is not a water source for the community.
Gomba-Butambala Lot 5 Kazinga 156m E:380296 A seasonal swamp which originates from Kagongo swamp N:20553 Central Forest Reserve and pours its water in lake H:1201 Wamala. Swamp is between Kasiba and Kampungu villages in Kisoga parish, Kyegonza sub-county. Swamp cuts across several villages including Kabutaala up to Busuju. 6 Katabato 295m E:376645 A degraded and water logged swamp with no stream swamp N:23288 between Katabato and Malyowe villages. Swamp originates from Katabato village and proceeds up to Kirabirokwa village in Kyegonza sub-county. 7 Flood plain 557m E:372227 A seasonally flooded area between Rwenganzi and N:25318 Kaziba villages in Kyegonza parish, Kyegonza sub- county. Was completely dry at the time of conducting the environmental study. 8 Kabasuma 187m E:390162 Swamp is located between Kasasa and Ngeribarya swamp N:15987 village in Kyegonza sub county. The wetland is heavily degraded with cultivation of sweet potatoes. It is said to originate from Ndesi village via Kasasa, Nakimu, Buyebeyi up to Kirungu village. Water in this wetland is not consumed domestically. Lacks papyrus. 9 Nsawoyo‟etob 546m E:391345 It is located between Jumbi and Ngeribarya villages. It a N:18140 is said to originate from Ndesa village and continues swamp up to Kalya area. Wetland is heavily is heavily degraded with farming activities and is also cultivated with eucalyptus trees. The stream in the wetland feeds into Jumba Central Forest Reserve. Wetland lacks papyrus. 10 Name not 419m E: 394894 Eucalyptus forested wetland and a flood plain. identified N: 20617
Mukono Lot 11 Kanyera 340m E:482340 It is a papyrus swamp which originates from Mbalala swamp N:43817 across Jinja road via Kasala and pours its water in river Sezibwa. Point of crossing is located in Walusubi village, Nama parish, Nama sub-county. 12 Kakoola 82m E:481236 A heavily degraded (burnt cultivated) wetland with a swamp N:46823 stream at its centre which drains in river Sezibwa. Point of crossing is located between Wakiso and Kakoola villages in Nama sub-county. 13 Nabulamba 495 E:481123 A degraded wetland planted with sugarcane, wetland/stre N:50742 eucalyptus. Swamp also contains papyrus and palms am (Phoenix reclinata). 14 Kyambade 177m E:478577 A papyrus wetland between Nabiyagi and Kanganda
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page76
No Name of Distance to Location Hydrological and or physiological particulars of the wetland/ be spanned coordinates wetland stream by the line (WGS 84, Zone 36N) stream/wetla N:51434 village villages. A major water source for animals. nd Stream drains in river Sezibwa. 15 Nakumbo 104m E:464512 Degraded wetland cultivated with yams, sweet swamp N:54073 potatoes and eucalyptus trees. Has a small stream that is said to originate from Kasenene and joins river Rwajale/swamp. Point of crossing is located between Kyoga and Nakumbo villages in Dundu parish, Kyampisi sub-county. 16 Musale 281 E:466741 A papyrus swamp and a key water source for the swamp N:58471 surrounding communities. Partially degraded but has (crossing 1) continuous stretch and continues to join Wajali swamp which marks the boundary between Mukono and Luwero district. Point of crossing between Namasumbi and Namaganga villages in Kyampisi sub-county. 17 Musale 508m E:467122 A papyrus swamp and a key water source for the swamp N:61441 surrounding communities. Partially degraded but has (crossing 1) continuous stretch and continues to join Wajali swamp which marks the boundary between Mukono and Luwero district. Point of crossing between Namasumbi and Namaganga villages in Kyampisi sub-county. 18 Wajali 950m E:465011 A major papyrus swamp crossing of about 950 swamp N:62078 meters. Swamp marks the boundary between Mukono and Luwero district. The swamp is a major water source for the communities in Namasumbi village (Mukono district) and Namuganja village (Luwero district). The swamp is also a fishing ground (especially cat fish and lung fish). In the entire Package 2, Wajali swamp is the only swamp/wetland that will present some environmental challenges during construction.
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page77
Plate 4.2: Sample wetlands that will be affected by the project
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page78
4.1.10 Central forest reserves Although 8 Central Forests Reserves have been identified to be affected by the proposed REA power lines under ERT III, one reserve is already impacted (Mujuzi CFR). Therefore no further impact will occur on this forest reserve. According to National Forestry Authority, all the affected forest reserves are managed for ecological and environmental functions. However some sections of these reserves were observed to have been converted into pine plantations such as Kitasi, Nandagi, Kifu and Jumbi CFRs. Due to community pressure around these reserves, most of them were observed to be degraded and the intensity of degradation ranges from moderate to severe especially Jumbi, Kitasi, and Nakalere. Some areas are slowly regenerating and the common tree species in these areas include Maesopsis eminii, Antiaris toxicaria, Piptadeniastrum africana Pygnanthas angolensis and Fantumia africana, Phoenix reclinata. The rest of these forests are colonized by shrubs and thickest and also grassland with common shrub species including Combretum Spp, Acacia Spp., Teclea nobilis, Albizzia spp.,Spathodea campanulata among others. The forest plantations are planted with Eucalyptus grandis, Terminalia Superba, Pinus carribeae, Pinus oocarpa, Podocarpus usambarensis, Terminalia superb especially in Nabukonge and Nandagi. Since the proposed REA lines will follow the existing road reserves in these forests, the impact on the forest ecosystem is generally expected to be minimum. No fresh ecosystem will be opened to host the power lines and all construction works within CFRs will be supervised by NFA ground staff in all the affected forests. Table 4.4below presents a summary of the central forest reserves affected by ERT III package 2.
Table 4.4: List of CFRs whose road reserves will be affected by ERT III, package 2
Affected Area Main Function Other particulars/details of the affected Road Central (ha) Central Forest Reserves reserve Forest distance in Reserve the forest affected by the line
Masaka Lot Mujuzi 6,079 Ecological and Mujuzi FR lies along L. Victoria and is 2117m + environmental traversed by a network of streams including 1036m Kirala, Kagezi and Kitta which power into a NB. Project bigger Mujuzi river that feeds L. Victoria lines directly. The waters from all streams and crosses lake are for domestic and production work for forest two people of Kyanamukaka SC. This forest is times already traversed by the powerline Kitasi 272 Ecological and Kitasi FR is a catchment for the Kitasi stream 574m environmental that crosses the reserve. The reserve is the source of water for the cultivating communities in Kalugondo, Kanamusabala, Nkuke, Minyinya. These communities are involved in commercial pineapple and coffee production. Nabukonge 184 Ecological and Nabukonge is a watershed forest with many 801m environmental streams joining the major Nabukonge stream which provides water to people and animals around. It is currently planted with valuable tree species like pines, teak, Araucaria which will be a source of timber and employment to
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page79
the population.
Gomba/Butambala Lot Jumbi 342 Ecological and Has 2 small streams and pours into Musoma 512m environmental swamp. It is source of water for six adjacent villages. Nakalere 684 Ecological and One stream passes through with small 488m environmental wetlands around and is the major source of water for local communities. The only source of bio-energy for the local communities. Nawandigi 3,766 Ecological and The reserve is along streams and swamps 626m environmental that empties into Lake Victoria.
Mukono Lot Nandagi 479 Ecological and Nandagi is part of the Mabira ecosystem 404m environmental which is a watershed for the Lake Victoria/Kyoga/R. Nile System. R. Musamya from L. Victoria with Griffin falls, Musamya swamp, R. Ssezibwa to L. Kyoga. R. Waliga tributary to R. Nile from Mabira. By virtue of its location, it cleans the air of industrial gases. Kifu 1,419 Ecological and Catchment for R. Kifu tributary to R. 630m environmental Ssezibwa in Mukono. National Forest Research Institute (NAFORRI). Demonstration trials for industrial and aromatic oils. Seed stand for fast growing trees and Industrial plantations.
A B
Plate.4.3: A Natural (A) and Plantation (B) forests in the project area
4.1.11 Mammals The project sites are said to be inhabited by small mammals and a few large mammals. With exception of monkeys that were spotted in Kitasi CFR, anthropogenic activities have greatly resulted into migration of various species. None of the mammals in the project area are
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page80 threatened or endangered according to ICUN red list. The power line will have almost no impact on mammals basing on the fact the line will follow disturbed ecosystems along the road reserves which are hardly inhabited by such wildlife. Table 4.5 below presents a list of small and large mammals which are believed to exist in the project areas especially in Mujuzi CFR and some private farm lands.
Table 4.5: List of mammal species in the project area IUCN Red Order Family Species Common Name list
Carnivora Viverridae Civettictis civetta African civet LR/lc
Carnivora Viverridae Herpestes ichneumon Aegyptian mongoose LR/lc
Carnivora Viverridae Atilax paludinosus Marsh mongoose LR/lc
Carnivora Viverridae Mungos mungo Banded mongoose LR/lc
Carnivora Viverridae Galerella sanguinea Slender mongoose LR/lc Black and White
Primates Cercopithecidae Colobus angolensis Colobus LR/lc
Primates Cercopithecidae Cercopithecus ascanius Red-tailed Monkey LR/lc
Primates Cercopithecidae Chlorocebus pygerythrus Vervet monkey LR/lc
Primates Cercopithecidae Papio anubis Olive baboon LR/lc
Artiodactyla Bovidae Tragelaphus scriptus Bushback LR/lc
Artiodactyla Bovidae Sylvicapra grimmia Bush duiker LR/lc
Rodentia Sciuridae Xerus rutilus Unstriped ground squirrel LC Where LR = Low Risk Lc = Least Concern EN = Endangered 4.1.12 Birds The ESIA team identified a number bird species in the 3 project areas although detailed sampling was not done. The most common specie was the Common Bulbul Pycnonotus barbatus which was recorded on almost all the project areas. In addition, open habitat birds accounted for the highest proportion of bird species, followed by forest generalists and lastly wetland or marshy vegetation bird species. Only four species of conservation concern were recorded during the bird surveys: Papyrus Gonolek, Grey Parrot, Crowned Eagle and Brown snake Eagle, all these species are very sensitive to habitat changes.The high proportion of open habitat birds recorded was due to the fact the proposed distribution lines will pass through areas which are already under human occupation, that is, farmlands and settlements. However, for most subsistence farmlands, scattered trees and shrubs were observed. It was also observed that some of the farmlands were originally private forests which have been converted for small scale agriculture and it is common practice for people to leave standing trees within the farm and along the rivers, hence riverine forests. The standing trees in farmlands and remnant riverine forests account for relatively high proportion of forest generalists and forest visitors. This is an indicator that these riverine forests act as corridors and migratory routes to some of the main central forest reserves such as Mabira.Table 4.6 below presents a list of birds that were identified in the project area. For conservation purposes understanding of IUCN enlisted species was considered. All recorded species were subjected to the habitat categories that are classified into different preferences (See below) with threat categories described.
G-CR globally critical G-EN globally endangered G-VU globally vulnerable G-LR/nt globally lower-risk, near threatened
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page81
G-DD globally data deficient G-RR globally range-restricted R-CR regionally critical R-EN regionally endangered R-VU regionally vulnerable R-NT regionally near-threatened R-RR species of regional responsibility A Afrotropical migrant – a species migrating within Africa P Palearctic migrant - species which breed in Europe or Asia p- Species with at least some palearctic populations FF Forest specialist – species typical of forest interiors G Grassland species F Forest generalist – less specialized, also occur in small patches of forest f- Forest visitor W Waterbird, specialist – normally restricted to wetlands or open waters w- Waterbird, no-specialist – often found near water O- Non forest habitat (Open habitat)
Table 4.6: List of birds identified in the project area
Bird Specie Habitat African blue Flycatcher Elminia longicauda F African Citril Serinus citrinelloides f African Crowned Eagle Stephanoaetus coronatus FF/VU African emerald Cuckoo Chrysococcyx cupreus F African firefinch L. rubricata O Grey Parrot Psittacus erithacus FF/VU African Harrier Hawk Polyboroides typus f African Hawk Eagle Hieraaetus spilogaster O African mousteched Warbler Melocichla mentalis O African Thrush Turdus pelios f Ashy Flycatcher Muscicapa caerulescens F Black & white casqued Hornbill Bycanistes subcylindricus FF Black & white Mannikin Lonchura bicolor O Black Bishop Euplectes gierowii O Black crowned Waxbill Estrilda nonnula f Black headed Weaver Ploceus cucullatus O Black necked Weaver Ploceus nigricollis O Black throated seed eater Serinus atrogularis O Blue headed Coucal Centropus monachu W Blue spotted wood Dove Turtur afer F Broad billed Roller Eurystomas glaucurus f Bronze Mannikin Lonchura cucullata O Brown Babbler Turdoides plebejus O Brown backed Scrub Robin Cercotrichas hartlaubi f Brown eared woodpecker Campethera caroli F
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page82
Bird Specie Habitat Brown snake Eagle Circaetus cinereus R-NT Buff spotted Flufftail Sarothrura elegans FF Cape wagtail Motacilla capensis F Chestnut Wattle eye Platysteira castanea F Cinnamon chested Bee-eater Merops oreobates O Collared Sunbird Hedydipna collaris F Common Bulbul Pycnonotus barbatus O Crested Guinefowl Guttera pucherani F Double toothed Barbet Lybius bidentatus O Dusky longtailed Cuckoo Cercococcyx mechowi FF Eastern Grey Plantain eater Crinifer zonorus O Fire crested Alethe Alethe diademata FF Fork tailed Drongo Dicrurus adsimilis F Green throated Sunbird Chalcomitra rubescens F Grey backed Cameroptera Cameroptera brachyuran f Grey headed Negrofinch Nigrita canicapilla F Klaas' Cuckoo Chrysococcyx klaas f Laughing Dove Spilopelia senegalensi f Lead coloured Flycatcher Myioparus plumbeus FF Lesser striped Swallow Hirundo abyssinica O Little Greenbul Andropadus virens F Little Swifts Apus affinis O Lizard Buzzard Kaupifalco monogrammaticus F Long crested Eagle Lophaetus occipitalis F Many coloured Bush shrike Telophorus multicolour FF Marico Sunbird Cyanomitra mariquensis O Nothern Black Flycatcher Melaenornis edolioides O Olive bellied Sunbird Nectarinia chloropygia F Olive Sunbird Nectarinia olivacea FF Pale breasted Illadopsis Trichastoma rufipennis FF Papyrus Gonolek Laniarius mufumbiri W/NT Pied Crow Corvus albus O Pin tailed Whydah Vidua macroura O Red bellied paradise Flycatcher Terpsiphone rufiventer F Red capped Robin chat Cossypha natalensis F Red cheeked Cordon-blue Uraeginthus bengalus O Red eyed Dove Streptopelia semitorquata f Red faced Cisticola Cisticola erythrops O Red headed Bluebill Spermophaga ruficapilla O Red shouldered Cuckoo-Shrike Campephaga phoenicea O Red tailed Bristlebill Bleda syndactyla O Red tailed Greenbul Criniger calurus FF Ring necked Dove Streptopelia capicola f
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page83
Bird Specie Habitat Ross' Turaco Corythaeola cristata F Scaly Francolin Francolinus squamatus F Scarlet chested Sunbird C. senegalensis f Senegal Coucal Centropus senegalensis O Tambourine dove Turtur tympanistria F Tawny flanked Prinia Prinia subflava O Winding Cisticola Cisticola galactotes O Yellow bill Ceuthmochares aereus F Yellow rumped Tinkerbird Pogoniulus bilineatus F Yellow streaked greenbul Phyllastrephus flavostriatus FF Yellow whiskered Greenbul Andropadus latirostris F Yellow white eye Zosterops senegalensis f
Conservation Issues related to birds Majority of the bird species recorded during this survey (96%) are listed as „Least Concern‟ according to the IUCN status and only 4% are listed as threatened. This was mainly due to the low sampling effort and the fact that such species are rare and shy, otherwise with extensive sampling, it is possible to record more bird species of conservation concern which are known to exist in this area.
The riverine forest remnants and other natural vegetation in the vicinity of the project area provide a migratory route for birds and other animals as they connect to the main central forest reserves. Most forest related bird species are very sensitive to open habitats and therefore their movements are likely to be hindered if an area is void of vegetation especially tall trees and other vegetation which doesn‟t expose them to predation. Equally, the remnant tall trees in farmlands provide perching habitats for birds either when they are flying long distances or as they feed.
Loss of bird diversity is mainly attributed to habitat loss and fragmentation which might be due to increase in human population and land use change. The proposed project area is largely inhabited by humans, hence the low bird diversity. However, there are some patches of natural vegetation and forest fragments and the presence of a relatively good number of forest related species suggest some resilience to disturbance. Eventually as the human population increases, the savanna woodlands may be converted to farmlands just like the neighbouring land use types. Hence, in the long-run, the increase in human population and land use change to agriculture may lead to bird diversity loss. Therefore, even small forest patches retain biodiversity value, although their size and sometimes isolation from other patches is likely to enhance the vulnerability of forest species in these patches to local extinction.
Most of Uganda‟s forest cover is found on private land (64%) and the level of deforestation in Uganda is proceeding at an alarming rate (1.9%), which is the highest in East Africa (Obua et al., 2010) mainly due to increased population growth (3.4%) and development (Uganda Bureau of Statistics, 2002). Although the bird species recorded in this survey are wide spread in the surrounding areas, every existing natural habitat contributes significantly to the overall bird diversity in the project areas and Uganda as a whole. Therefore, it is important that all development projects exercise minimum damage to the existing natural vegetation as the environment is conserved for the future generations.
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page84
Plate 4.4: The Cattle Egret at Namirembe landing site, Masaka district
4.1.13 Physical cultural features
4.1.13.1 Overview An assessment of the physical cultural resources along the entire proposed power line corridor was conducted. The aim was to determine the presence or not of heritage resources such as archaeological and historical sites and features, graves and places of religious and cultural significance. This was done through literature review, physical assessment of project sites and consultation with the local people. Owing to the fact that the power lines will follow the road serves of the existing public roads, the survey on physical cultural resources was limited to a radius of 100 meters from the proposed power line corridor.
4.1.13.2 Findings on physical cultural features Generally, physical cultural features exist in the project area but are relatively far from the road reserves (more than 1km) and hence will not be impacted by the construction of proposed powerlines. Such sites include cultural sites in forests where the local communities often go to perform rituals to appease spirits and obtain blessing and other favours. The main critical cultural site which was identified within the proximity of the project site is Kabaka Kintu‟s Palace in Mangila village, Kimenyede sub-county, Mukono district. This site is along Kasana-Nagojje road at E: 483630, N: 50792 and comprises a cultural forest and a palace for King Kintu (Figure 4.13). In the Buganda culture, Kintu is believed to have been the first Muganda in the whole world and therefore is the descendant of all Baganda tribe. This site is highly revered by the Buganda tribe and the Buganda Kingdom. According to REA‟s grid extension programme, this site will not be affected because the power line will end in the nearby trading centre about 800 meters from the cultural forest (junction to the palace). Future plans to extend power to Nagojje trading centre will bypass this site but routing the line to the left side of the road will mitigate the impact of destroying part of the sacred forest along the road.
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page85
Figure 4.13: White arrow showing the location of Kabaka Kintu‟s Palace in the project area.
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page86
Plate 4.5: Kabaka Kintu‟s cultural forest and diversion to the palace along Kasana-Nagojje road
Other features identified along the project sites were graves, churches and mosques. Graves were very common along the Masaka Lot and these need to be identified prior to pegging for the poles such that they are avoided or relocated in accordance with the culture and norms of the affected households. Churches, mosques and all places of worship will not be affected because it is REA‟s policy not to impact/relocate a built up structure. In such cases, the lines shall be diverted or cables used.
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page87
Plate 4.6: Some of the graves that were identified in the project area
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page88
4.2 SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT
4.2.1 Project location The distribution lines will traverse majorly Buwunga sub-county (Masaka districts), Sebagabo- Kabulasoke, Kyoganza and Mpenja sub-counties (Gomba-Butambala) and Nama, Kimenyede, Nagojje, Kasawo and Kyampisi sub-counties (Mukono district). All the lines have been designed to follow existing public roads/tracks in the benefiting parishes and villages. The following villages/trading centres in table 4.7 will be affected by the proposed lines and will be key beneficiaries by the proposed rural electrification programme.
Table 4.7: Major and minor trading centers captured under Package 2 (villages that will benefit under ERT III) No Name of Location Parish Sub-county Whether trading coordinates connected to the centre/village (WGS 84, Zone grid or not 36N)
Masaka Lot 1 Karugondo E:360321 Kamwozi Buwunga Not connected to N:9956445 the grid 2 Lwamunda E:361118 Kamwozi Buwunga Connected to the N:9955755 grid 3 Kitanda E:356952 Not captured Buwunga Not connected to N:9955168 the grid 4 Ggulama E:356813 Not captured Buwunga Not connected to N:9953262 the grid 5 Nakasojo E:356033 Not captured Buwunga Not connected to N:9951660 the grid 6 Kyengerere E:357807 Not captured Buwunga Not connected to N:9951329 the grid 7 Kitengesa E:360946 Not captured Buwunga Not connected to N:9956975 the grid 8 Buwunga E:364559 Not captured Buwunga Not connected to N:9957511 the grid 9 Kitwe E:362379 Not captured Buwunga Not connected to N:9948097 the grid 10 Mugamba I E:368901 Not captured Buwunga Not connected to N:9958619 the grid 11 Mugamba II E:369303 Not captured Buwunga Not connected to N:9958177 the grid 12 Nakiyaga E:365680 Kanywa Buwunga Not connected to N:9954246 the grid 13 Mitemula E:368122 Bulayi Buwunga Connected to the N:9964313 grid 14 Kiyumba E:368492 Bulayi Buwunga Not connected to N:9962668 the grid 15 Misansala E:368827 Mazinga Buwunga Not connected to N:9961303 the grid 16 Mazinga E:366695 Mazinga Buwunga Not connected to
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page89
No Name of Location Parish Sub-county Whether trading coordinates connected to the centre/village (WGS 84, Zone grid or not 36N) N:9960062 the grid 17 Kayija E:363400 Bulando Buwunga Not connected to N:9960966 the grid 18 Katwe-Kijonjo E:360674 Kamwozi Buwunga Not connected to N:9949784 the grid 19 Nkuke E:361520 Kamwozi Buwunga Connected to the N:9949291 grid 20 Kyambanzi E:358378 Not captured Buwunga Not connected to N:9945464 the grid 21 Zimwe E:361439 Not captured Buwunga Not connected to N:9942884 the grid 22 Jamila E:371201 Kasaka Buwunga Not connected to N:9956800 the grid 23 Kazi E:372864 Kasaka Buwunga Not connected to N:9958733 the grid 24 Namirembe E:370835 Not captured Buwunga Connected to the landing site N:9944971 grid 25 Baale landing E:368000 Not captured Buwunga Connected to the site N:9939361 grid
Gomba-Butambala Lot 1 Kasiba E:380457 Not captured Kyegonza Not connected to N:21668 the grid 2 Kalagala E:381289 Kisoga Kyegonza Not connected to N:21660 the grid 3 Nsabwe E:383069 Not captured Kyegonza Not connected to N:19850 the grid 4 Malele E:384862 Malele Kyegonza Not connected to N:14398 the grid 5 Kasaka E:377350 Kanoni Kanoni Town Connected to the N:21047 council grid 6 Malyowe E:376586 Mpunge Kyegonza Not connected to N:24017 the grid 7 Kware E:375691 Kome Kyegonza Not connected to N:22853 the grid 8 Nakasagazi E:374454 Mpunge Kyegonza Not connected to N:24171 the grid 9 Kaziba 1 E:372686 Mamba Kyegonza Not connected to N:25801 the grid 10 Kaziba II E:371806 Mamba Kyegonza Not connected to N:26455 the grid 11 Kanoni E:370391 Mamba Kyegonza Not connected to N:27903 the grid 12 Nabuyindo E:370939 Mamba Kyegonza Not connected to N:29698 the grid
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page90
No Name of Location Parish Sub-county Whether trading coordinates connected to the centre/village (WGS 84, Zone grid or not 36N) 13 Mamba E:368983 Mamba Kyegonza Not connected to N:28615 the grid 14 Lwenganzi E:372799 Mpunge Kyegonza Not connected to N:21785 the grid 15 Mpunge E:374293 Mpunge Kyegonza Not connected to N:21785 the grid 16 Bukalagi- E:373241 Bukalagi Kyegonza Not connected to Lusenke N:19452 the grid 17 Mauchi E:373735 Butubagumu Sabagabo- Not connected to N:13378 Kabulasoke the grid 18 Kakoma E:373735 Namabeya Kyegonza Not connected to N:13378 the grid 19 Buzimba E:377510 Namabeya Kyegonza Not connected to N:14848 the grid 20 Namabeya E:376426 Namabeya Kyegonza Not connected to N:15966 the grid 21 Mwese E:374137 Namabeya Kyegonza Not connected to N:17630 the grid 22 Name not E:389904 Name not Name not Not connected to identified N:15379 identified identified the grid 23 Ngeribarya E:390754 Name not Mpenja Not connected to N:16694 identified the grid 24 Kitojo E:393807 Golola Mpenja Not connected to N:17417 the grid 25 Golola E:395665 Golola Mpenja Not connected to N:18025 the grid 26 Name not E:394860 Name not Mpenja Not connected to identified N:20351 identified the grid 27 Kiriri E:395275 Name not Mpenja Not connected to N:23070 identified the grid 28 Mpenja E:394561 Name not Mpenja Not connected to N:24781 identified the grid 29 Name not E:398824 Name not Mpenja Not connected to identified N:25940 identified the grid 30 Buwanguzi E:399025 Mpogo Mpenja Not connected to N:27929 the grid 31 Name not E:399400 Name not Mpenja Not connected to identified N:30307 identified the grid
MukonoLot 1 Lutengo E:477015 Name not Nama Connected to the N:46989 identified grid 2 Katoogo E:479959 Name not Nama Connected to the N:49231 identified grid 3 Wakiso E:481361 Name not Nama Not connected to identified the grid
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page91
No Name of Location Parish Sub-county Whether trading coordinates connected to the centre/village (WGS 84, Zone grid or not 36N) N:45625 4 Kakoola E:481016 Name not Nama Not connected to N:48361 identified the grid 5 Kasana E:481726 Nakibano Nagojje Not connected to N:52050 the grid 6 Mayangayanga E:480105 Name not Kimenyede Connected to the N:54881 identified grid 7 Namalili E:480920 Name not Kasawo Connected to the N:69622 identified grid 8 Nakaswa E:482501 Name not Kasawo Connected to the N:66279 identified grid 9 Kigogoola E:482776 Name not Kasawo Connected to the N:64670 identified grid 10 Katete E:482863 Name not Kasawo Connected to the N:63616 identified grid 11 Namakoma E:482368 Name not Kimenyede Not connected to N:62284 identified the grid 12 Kawuku E:483618 Name not Kimenyede Not connected to N:59741 identified the grid 13 Kimenyede E:482523 Name not Kimenyede Not connected to N:57557 identified the grid 14 Kawongo E:481967 Kawunga Kimenyede Not connected to N:56077 the grid 15 Wabusanke E:482083 Kawunga Kimenyede Not connected to N:54453 the grid 16 Kibiribi E:477216 Nanga Kimenyede Not connected to N:54507 the grid 17 Kanikwa E:476559 Bulijo Kyampisi Not connected to N:53462 the grid 18 Nabiyagi E:477206 Name not Kyampisi Not connected to N:52419 identified the grid 19 Kanganda E:477711 Kabembe Kyampisi Connected to the N:40383 grid 21 Kalebera E:475587 Kabembe Kyampisi Connected to the N:49779 grid 22 Kabembe E:473402 Kabembe Kyampisi Connected to the N:49089 grid 23 Kiyunga E:472433 Kabembe Kyampisi Connected to the N:51510 grid 24 Kasayi E:470127 Dundu Kyampisi Not connected to N:50646 the grid 25 Kalagala E:467112 Dundu Kyampisi Not connected to N:52017 the grid 26 Nakasaja E:464290 Dundu Kyampisi Connected to the N:52919 grid
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page92
No Name of Location Parish Sub-county Whether trading coordinates connected to the centre/village (WGS 84, Zone grid or not 36N) 27 Mulungi‟omu E:464507 Ntonto Kyampisi Not connected to N:55685 the grid 28 Kiwumu E:464897 Ntonto Kyampisi Not connected to N:56560 the grid 29 Kwaba E:465502 Ntonto Kyampisi Not connected to N:59143 the grid 30 Namengo E:467649 Ntonto Kyampisi Connected to the N:56249 grid 31 Namasumbi E:465592 Ntonto Kyampisi Not connected to N:59965 the grid 32 Bugereka E:467830 Makukuba Kyampisi Not connected to N:61626 the grid 33 Nabale E:468460 Makukuba Kyampisi Not connected to N:62156 the grid
Extension to Luwero district 34 Namuganja E:464325 Busika Kalagala Not connected to N:63116 subcounty the grid
4.2.2 Social environment and other aspects of the project area (Masaka)
4.2.2.1 Population According to the 2014 population and housing census Masaka district has a population of Masaka 296,649 people; composed of 152418 females and 144231 males. This increased from 228,170 in 2002 census. The average household size is 4.3 and the age structure like that of the country is broad based with children below 18 years constituting 58% of the total population. The youth constitute about 20% while the elderly (60 years and above) were 6%.
4.2.2.2 Ethnicity The District has a rich cultural heritage and diversity in ethnicity. The majority of the people are Baganda (77%) followed by Banyankole (9%), Banyarwanda (8%) and the rest (6%) constitute a number of other different tribes each constituting a small fraction (District Development Plan 2011-2016). It should be noted that most of these tribes practice Buganda cultures.
4.2.2.3 Education The education and sports sector in Masaka District is comprised of Government and private formal as well as non-formal educational institutions span all educational levels as indicated in table 4.8 below.
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page93
Table 4.8: Education institutions in Masalka district Catergory of Institution Governemnt Private Pre-Primary - 15 Primary school 74 104 Secondary schools 04 35 BTVET 02 05 Higher Education 01 03
The proposed project area was noted to have 5 schools; St. Hellens Vocational School, Masaka Parents Primary School, Grace Christian Primary School, Grace Christian Nursery School and Grace Christian Secondary School. The key informants explained that, like other sectors the education sector in the area has many challenges but the major ones include; The budgetary allocation is inadequate for the required expansion of service delivery in the sector, to meet the social demand and Inadequate physical infrastructure (scholastic materials, classroom blocks, water and sanitation, and power supply).
4.2.2.4 Health According to the District Development Plan 2011-2016, Masaka district has thirty-two health units of different categories. Some of them are Government facilities while others are owned by Non -Government Organizations. The district has government, private and not for profit facilities that provide health services whose combined effort has ensured significant progress in improving the health of its population. The distribution is fair, though some of them lack the basic equipment to offer reasonable services. Generally the quality of indicators such as HIV prevalence, below 5 mortality, infant mortality, and maternal mortality have all decreased while life expectancy has increased.
Table 4.9: Health Centres (HC) in Buwunga subcounty, Masaka district Sub county Parish Name of HC Ownership Level Status Buwunga Kamwozi Kamwozi Gov't HC II Functional Kanywa Bukeeri Gov't HC III Functional Nakasojjo NGO HC II Functional Kitengeesa Buwunga Gov't HC III Functional Mazinga Mazinga Gov't HC II Functional
Source: Masaka DDP 2010-2015
4.2.2.5 Access to Water The access rates in Masaka vary from 45 % in Kyesiiga Sub-County to 95 % in Kabonera Sub-County (District Development Plan 2011-2016). Masaka has 663 domestic water points, which serve a total of 221,921 people – 159,427 in rural areas. 144 water points have been non-functional for over 5 years and are considered abandoned. Masaka has 1 piped scheme. There are three main source of water in the district and these are shallow
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page94 wells 74%, protected springs 16% and deep boreholes representing 10% of the population that has access to safe water.
4.2.2.6 Power supply and Consumption The district uses almost one source of power and energy which is Hydro-electric Power produced from the main grid in Jinja and supplied by Uganda Electricity Distribution Company. Unfortunately, just a very small population of about 5.68% has access to electricity, majority of these are in urban centres. Discussions revealed that efforts have been done to extend power to the rural communities however its use is very minimal as the population cannot afford the rates. There is gradual increase in use of solar energy for lighting in rural areas, which according to informants is an indicator for the desire for electricity. The proposed project is therefore on target.
4.2.2.7 Communication facilities The district has four local F.M radios, Equator, Buddu, Top Radio, Best FM, Kitabaazi Kigambo Kyabulamu plus those that are not stationed here but have a big number of listeners, these are Radio West, Bukedde, Thita, Kaboozi, Supper Mbabule among the others. In terms of telecommunications, the district is served by MTN, AIRTEL, AFRICEL and Uganda Telecommunications (land lines). It also established that only 1.7% own motor cars and 34.4% own bicycles for their means of transport. The poor transport system indicates the poverty level in the district. These will be useful in mobilization of affected people and stakeholder engagements.
4.2.2.8 Urbanization and development The study team observed that the urban centres of Masaka and several others that are upcoming more especially around the shores of Lake Victoria have become the primary magnet for rural urban migration because of employment opportunities, business attractions, and availability of relatively better infrastructure (schools, health, Roads, electricity and communication). There is an urgent need for proper physical planning to guide the sites for settlement, roads, business premises and industries.
4.2.2.9 Main economic activities The main economic activity in Masaka district is subsistence farming which of recent has been hindered by erratic weather patterns with sometimes too much rainfall and extended droughts. The traditional economic cash crop is coffee, which, in the recent years had been on decline but has picked up in the recent past mainly due to liberalization and privatization policy of government. Some non-traditional economic crops such as passion fuits, rice and maize are in high demand and they not only play their traditional role as food crops, but are nowdays cash crops as well. According to the district statistical abstract, about 72 percent of the persons who are working are subsistence farmers, with females having a slightly higher proportion (79.4 percent) compared to males at 64.8 percent.
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page95
4.2.2.10 Land tenure system In Masaka district, the common land tenure systems are the customary (dominant), freehold and leasehold.
Customary land: most of the land in the district is held under customary tenure system. The clan leaders are the one to allocate land for various uses to members of the community. The land is passed from generation to generation and is owned under prevailing customs, traditions or tribal norms.
Leasehold tenure systems: This is a form of tenure where land is leased/rented to a particular person for a specific period of time. The commission or urban land authority does leasing in this case and are meant for development purposes.
Freehold system: The freehold land tenure represents private ownership of land where both ownership and possession rights are clearly spelt out and can be transferred without restriction. This type of tenure is not widespread and still unrecorded in the district. Similar to the district pattern, land tenure system along the distribution line is majorly customary and freehold.
4.2.2.11 HIV/AIDS According to the DDP 2011-2016, HIV/AIDS prevalence in the district stands at 10.6 percent although this increases to about 20% among fishing communities. It is estimated that about 25,302 (10.6%) people are living with HIV/AIDS in the district of which about 20 percent (about 5,060) have AIDS and about 10% of them are children. ART services are provided at different sites in the district namely; Uganda Cares, TASO Uganda, Kiyumba HC1V, Kyanamukaaka HC1V, AIDS Child and Lambu HC11. According to the DDP, condoms are the main preventive measure used by community members therefore during project implementation; intervention measures should be harmonized with existing ones.
4.2.2.12 Poverty Poverty has many different dimensions, ranging from material well being (basic needs of like nutrition, good health, shelter, education etc) to lack of human rights, citizenship or social networks. Economic factors such as low income, lack of assets, access to markets or public services can lead into poverty. Based on the above indicators, 30% of Masaka‟s population lives below the poverty line according to the DDP 2011-2016.
4.2.2.13 Culture Buganda culture is most highly practiced in the District because the population is predominantly comprised of Baganda. Masaka consists of various cultural sites that depict peoples patronage; Royal to their King (Kabaka) e.g. Palaces, totem sites of different clans, caves which were as a result of water‟s movements downward and upward warping for Lake Victoria as well very big stones that have resisted water erosion for so many years.
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page96
4.2.2.14 Vulnerability According to the Masaka District statistical abstract, 2012, an orphan is defined as a child less than 18 years old who has lost one or both parents. Parent‟s survival has a strong bearing on welfare of the children because children are dependent on their parents and other adult for support. About 10 percent of all persons aged 0-17 years (children) are orphans in Masaka district.
4.2.2.15 Teenage pregnancy According to the 2011 Ministry of Health Uganda Demographic Survey, 24 per cent of all female teenagers in Uganda are either pregnant or have given birth. In Masaka this is greatly attributed to some young girls being married off to men who impregnate them after the latter paying big sums of money to their impoverished parents. Therefore poverty is one of the leading facilitators of early marriages. To stress this the study indicated that some parents who being too poor to pay their daughters‟ school fees, choose to marry them off at an early age. The fact that the proposed project is likely to introduce some money into the local economy, similar trends could occur. Therefore the project should put in place measures to protect the girl child, such as sensitization and workers to have strict code of conduct.
4.2.2.16 Gender According to Masaka DDP 2011/12-2016/12, women continue to face constraints related to access and control of resources like land. Though it is estimated that women comprise 70% of the work force in Agriculture, unequal access and control over land limits their ability to move beyond subsistence agriculture. At household level women‟s participation in decision making is also limited; only 51% of women reported participation in major household purchases and overall men believed that a husband should play a major role in making household decisions. Gender based inequality limits economic growth and exacerbates poverty. The project will ensure that both men and women participate equally in project activities, for example where women can be employed it should be encouraged. Secondly increasing access to electricity can boost women ncome generating activities through setting up businesses that use electricity like saloons, diary shops and restaurants.
4.2.2.17 Gender Based Violence A 2012 police report indicated that, at least 900 cases of gender-based violence were reported to police although only 20 of these have been prosecuted. Majority of the offences involve defilement, rape, homosexuality and wife beating. Because of this trend, a special facility to handle and investigate cases of gender-based violence against women and children was opened up at Masaka Regional Referral Hospital. The project should be aware of this isuue and care taken to protect children during implementation.
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page97
4.2.3 Social environment and other aspects of the project area (Mukono district)
4.2.3.1 Demographic characteristics The 2014 Population Census Final Results put Mukono‟s Population at 599,817 and in 2015 the projected population was at 601,516 of these only 27% (162,409) of the total population constitutes the rural sub counties. Generally the distribution of the population of Mukono the biggest percentage is in Mukono County of 67% while Nakifuma has the lowest of 33%. The demographic structure of the District is not different from other Districts, with a triangular shape that depicts a big population in the 0 – 18 years of age and small population in the productive population bracket. Such a trend if not controlled contributes to poverty since household incomes are spent on consumable services for the young as compared to household saving. This kind of structure depicts the following implication. • The high level of service consumption in relation to overall input in the productive sectors, (i.e.) high Per capita consumption. • Low Per capita production of the young population and general contribution to the District GDP, • High level of dependence of the under age on the working class. • In cases of HIV/AIDS scourge, so many families become child headed families when their parents die. Therefore the kind of intervention required is the emphasis on family planning through use of acceptable methods by the communities.
4.2.3.2 Health According to the DDP 2011/2016, Mukono district has a number of health facilities, which are both government and privately owned as summarized in the table 4.10 below.
Table 4.10: Summary of HealthUnits by Ownership in Mukono district Category Government NGO Total 1. Hospital 0 1 1 2. Health Center IV 2 1 3 3. Health Center III 13 2 15 4. Health Center II 24 8 32 Total 39 12 51
In addition to the above, the private health units comprise of 320 licensed and registered drugshops, 25 maternity units and 183 private clinics). The district also has 2186 VHT members. It should be noted that no health facility was noted along the proposed power line.
Similar to other districts in the country the health department faces the challenge of health workers required for key services in some levels of healthcare e.g. lack of public health dental officers and mental health nurses at Health centre III level. In addition, the current policy on health staffing is guided by a level of the facility and not the catchment population
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page98 makes delivery of quality health care a challenge.
4.2.3.3 Education The district has a total of 187 and 289 Government aided and private primary schools respectively compared to 17 and 90 government and private secondary schools respectively. The current enrolment in primary and secondary schools is estimated at 74,724 pupils and 16,864 students. During the ESIA study it was established that a total of 5 schools; 4 primary and 1 secondary are along the proposed line route although they are noted directly affected.
4.2.3.4 Religion and Culture According to the 2014 housing census, Catholics constituted the majority with 37%, Protestants at 33%, Muslims at 21%, Pentecostals were at 6% while SDA and others constituted 2 and 1% each respectively.
4.2.3.5 Economic activities
Production According to the DDP 2011/2016, over 80% of Mukono is agricultural based characterized as subsistence production. Partial commercial agriculture exists with farmers like SCOUL sugarcane plantations, Tea estates. Commercial farming is characterized by use of migrant labour from West Nile living in labour camps which are usually characterized by poor housing and sanitation. To date high value crops like vanilla, flowers have boosted and replaced the declining volumes of coffee. However, more farmers who have lost coffee needs to be encouraged to take on such crops as a replacement. Subsistence agriculture is characterized by low acreage due to increasing family sizes and slicing of land, low productivity per unit acre arising from deteriorating soil fertility over cultivation and soil erosion. Like most parts of the country females provide most labour and yet the men take most of the biggest share of farm proceeds.
Fishing This is the third largest economic activity in the District. Given that almost three quarters of Mukono‟s surface area is under water, this provides an adequate fish catchments area. To date a big number of fish processing industries in Kampala are fed by fish from Mukono.
Disguised employment This looms large especially among the youths whose access to paying jobs is limited by their lack of skills. This coupled with poor attitude or culture to work has led many of the youth using their productive labour and time in non-paying jobs.
Urbanization
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page99
Because of the Kampala urban spill and the Kampala – Jinja high way, the rate of urbanization is high. The 2014 Population Census put Mukono at an urbanization level of 26.6%. At this level, Mukono is the second in central region to Kampala and fourth after Kampala, Jinja and Arua nationally. However surprisingly is number of trading centres spring up to towns, there is less effort in terms of physical planning for these towns to the extent that many of them may develop into slums. Such towns are Nakifuna, Kasawo, Kisoga, Katosi and Namataba Town Boards.
4.2.3.6 District Infrastructure This includes social infrastructure, like schools, health units, water sources, and economic infrastructure like roads, industries. Mukono District is proud to have a total motorable feeder road network of about 759kms, and 700kms of Bulungi Bwansi (community access). The challenge is that about 70% of the Bulungi Bwansi roads (rural feeder roads) are in poor status. This therefore prohibits easy access of produce, fish and other commercial goods to markets. Good feeder roads could stimulate attitude to work and enhance employment especially in agriculture.
4.2.3.7 Industrialization The District is one of the major industrial Districts in the country with major industries concentrated in the following areas; Mukono Town Council: Hosts Lwanyonyi – Industrial pack, Kyetume abattoir and railway; Seeta – Goma Sub-County and Nama: Hosts Namanve Industrial zone and Mbalala industrial park respectively with the industries shown in table 4.11 below:-
Table 4.11: Nature of industries in Namanve and Mbalala Industrial Parks Name of industry Products produced
Namanveindustrialpark Coca cola Century bottling campany Soda, water African polybags Polythene bags Biyinzika poultry farmers Day old chicks, poultry feeds, eggs, oil Rwenzori mineral water Drinking water Vero Drinking water Hima cement Cement Redpepper News papers Mbalala Industrial Park
Riley packaging Packaging material Tiangtang Construction metal
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page100
Globalpaper Toilet paper Abacus pharmaceuticals Drugs Body investment and landy industries Gumboots Source: District Development Plan 2015-2020
4.2.3.8 Communication There are two local FM radios stations namely: Dunamis FM and Spirit FM in the district. Others are not stationed in the district but have offices and a number of listeners and these include CBS, Radio West, Star Radio, Simba, Voice of Africa and Dembe FM. In terms of telephone service, the district is served by MTN, AIRTEL and UTL (Uganda Telecommunications Limited) both mobile and landlines. Most of the national newspapers in Uganda are read in the district but they are mostly in urban areas with limited readership in rural areas due to lack of poverty, accessibility to the papers and low levels of literacy in rural areas. The project can use any of these to communicate project related information.
4.2.3.9 Vulnerability This can be measured using different indicators, which include, age, economic status, disability and whether a child is orphaned or not. Based on the 2014 area specific profile for Mukono, it was established that 10.6% of the population are disabled, 8.4% of all children are orphaned while 11.8% are child mothers. It should be noted that the incidence of child marriages in the project area is already high therefore interaction of the community and project workers should be managed so that this rate does not increase.
4.2.3.10 Child labour The Mukono District (2017) National Population and Housing Census area specific profile ascertained that 25% percent of children are engaged in some form of productive activity which amounts to child labor. Infrastructure projects are largely associated with child labor through direct and indirect engagement. The project should be aware of this and monitor especially the sub-contractors to avoid employment of children.
4.2.3.11 HIV According to the latest Sero Behavior Survey conducted by the Ministry of Health in 2011, the prevalence rate for Mukono district stands at 9%, which is higher than the national average of 7.3%. The prevalence rate has increased and this is attributed to reduced investment in HIV/AIDS prevention measures at a national level. Previously intervention such as condom distribution were up to parish level but this is no more. The study noted that people complain that they do not have condoms especially in villages and this was said to be worse for parts of the district that are islands. HIV control activities should be part an dpercel of the contrators‟ work and they should work with the exisiting programmes in the district.
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page101
4.2.3.12 Gender In Mukono district, women prepare meals and also provide some necessities for their homes while the men do a lot of construction. There are quite a number of cases of domestic violence (232) handled per year. With this on ground; women are very much involved in the development of the district yet they are greatly marginalised in terms of concrete decision making at various levels. Therefore the proposed power line project should main stream gender issues into the project so that women and man benefit equally.
4.2.3.13 Poverty According to the DDP 2015-2020, Mukono District is estimated to have 49% of its population living below the poverty line, with Nakifuma County being the worse off at 56% of the Population below poverty line. There has been a general increase in poverty of the rural population in the past 5 year. This has been mainly attributed to the coffee, banana wilt and the explosion of Boda-boda business which has seen most youth flock urban centres. The vanilla crop, which had come up as a substitute to coffee has also hit a snag after the prices of the crop tremendously dropped to a level that left the business unviable. From the community meeting held in the project area, members were optimistic that extension of power would lead to diversification of economic activities which is likely to contribute to poverty reduction.
4.2.4 Social environment and other aspects of the project area (Gomba district)
4.2.4.1 Political and administrative structures Gomba district is bordered by Mubende district to the west and north, Mityana district to the northeast and Butambala District to the east. Kalungu district, Bukomansimbi district and Sembabule lie to the south of Gomba District. Kanoni where the district headquarters are located lies approximately 97 kilometers, by road, south west of Kampala, the capital and the largest city of Uganda. This location is approximately 60 kilometers by road, west of Mpigi, the nearest metropolitan area.Gomba district was created in 2010 by Act of Parliament, when Mpigi district was split into three: Gomba district, Butambala district and Mpigi district. The town of Kanoni was selected to be the headquarters. The districts became operational on 1st July 2010. Generally, Gomba district is a rural district which receives lower precipitation than the districts of Butambala and Mpigi. Livestock farming is the major economic activity in the district supplemented with subsistence agriculture.
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page102
Figure 4.14: Location of Gomba district in Central Uganda
4.2.4.2 Population In 1991, the national population census estimated the district population at about 119,550. The next census in 2002 estimated the population of Gomba at approximately 133,300. In 2012 the estimated population in the district was about 152,800. In the 2014 census, the population of Gomba was estimated at 159,922.
4.2.4.3 Economic Activity Planned district development for the period 2016/17 focused on improving administrative services, increasing development projects like road constructions, construction of district infrastructure to increase the overall level of economic and social services. Other activities include; Completion of the District Headquarters at Tondola in Kanoni Town Council (Construction phase II), installation of street lights along main streets of Kanoni Town Council and Maddu Trading center. Challenges in implementation have been the limited sources of revenue, which has affected and continues to affect the implementation of planned development projects especially in the Power, Education, Health, Roads and Water sector.
4.2.4.4 Water and Sanitation According to the DDP 2011/16, Gomba district has safe water coverage of only 42%. Over 50% of the water sources are open valley tanks, which are beyond 5km away from users. As a result, women and children walk very long distances in search for water resulting into delayed development among women and the community generally. Another hindrance reported by informants, is the fact that the communities here have a culture that deters them from using latrines and so latrine coverage is just 58%. As such, on average this district
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page103 registers 1,500 diarrhea cases per month, which results into 50 under five deaths per month (DDP 2011/16).
4.2.4.5 Gender As most of the district in the country, most women in Gomba district are unaware of about their rights to work and to own property and continue to suffer injustices. Approximately only 5% of women have control over resources like land (DDP 2011/16). This renders them vulnerable to social problems of poverty and dependence. The district resolved that increasing focus on training women with knowledge and skills is vital if comprehensive development is to be achieved and sustained. The project should try to involve women in activities such as sensitization meetings so that they can reap the benefits of electricity like setting up small businesses that need electricity. Such businesses will include; saloons, diary shops, phone charging to mention a few.
4.2.4.6 Land use and land tenure The land tenure system in Gomba district and other neighbouring districts is either Mailo or Leasehold. Mailo tenure is the most dominant around these areas. This system involves holding of land in perpetuity, and permits the separation of ownership of land from developments made on land by a lawful or bona fide occupant (generally known as Tenant). The vulnerability of the land tenure system is medium to high. The land in the district is passed on from one generation to the next and most of the land is held customary but there are efforts now to have the land registered. The prevailing system is getting phased out as land is registered for freehold. The land is mostly used for small-scale agriculture and crops grown are mainly food crops for domestic use like bananas, cassava, sweet potatoes, maize, beans and vegetables like tomatoes, carrots, cabbages etc. However cash crops like coffee, vanilla and moringa are also grown. Small-scale eucalyptus and cyprus plantations exist too. Along the roads there are few trading centers and semi urban settings with permanent and semi permanent structures due to existing facilities like electricity, schools, clinics and accessibility to the main road.
4.2.4.7 Sources of livelihood According to the DDP 2011/16, Agriculture forms the backbone of the economy of the district, 69% of the people are engaged in agriculture. Most of the agriculture is on the subsistence level. Land is mainly used for agricultural practices on a small scale level and for domestic purposes. This is partly a result of the size of land used for cultivation, the agricultural practices characterised by poor farming methods, poor soils which produce low yields due to over cultivation. Crops like bananas, coffee, beans, millet, sorghum, maize, potatoes, rice and Irish potatoes are grown for domestic use and in case of surplus for sale. Additionally, fruits like pineapples, oranges, mangos, avocados are grown for consumption and sale in the neighbouring towns.
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page104
Livestock farming is also practiced within the project area but on a small scale with most household not keeping more than 3 heads of cattle and 5 goats. Others do poultry and beekeeping on a small scale.
4.2.4.8 Energy Sources Energy is central to practically all aspects of human welfare, including access to water, agricultural productivity, health care, education, job creation, climate change, and environmental sustainability. Nevertheless many households in developing countries still lack access to modern energy services that are affordable, clean, reliable, and safe, and pay high prices for poor-quality substitutes. This situation entrenches poverty, damages health, constrains delivery of local services, increases vulnerability to climate change, limits expansion of opportunities, erodes environmental sustainability at the local, national, and global levels, and creates negative impacts on education and health (UNDP,2012). In Gomba the main source of energy is firewood for cooking, 80% of the households use firewood for cooking and the tadooba for lighting. Local towns like most towns in Uganda had the highest proportion of households using charcoal as the main source of energy for cooking. Less than 20% of the people have access to electricity for either cooking or lighting.
4.2.4.9 Education and literacy Discussions reveal that the schools existing in the villages are mostly primary schools under UPE program of the Ministry of Education and a few are secondary schools. Generally, the majority of the labour that can be supplied by the community will be in the form of unskilled labour because there are few people with knowledge, skills and training.
In Gomba educational statistics reveal that, for persons aged 6 – 12 years, only 12% never attended school while the majority in this group (84%) are currently schooling with the majority found in town centers. For the age group of 13 to 18, equally the majority (71%) are currently schooling while 7% never attended school. Most of the women did not enroll for secondary school education because of factors like early marriages, low priority on girls‟ education and lack of means to pay fees for secondary school education (Gomba District Stastical abstract).
Literacy rates computed for persons aged from 10-12 years, 13-18 years and 19+. For those aged 10-12, 20% were literate. 13-18 years and 19+ years the literacy rates were 88% and 80% respectively. Generally the persons aged 13 – 18 years were more literate compared to persons aged 19+ and 10-12 years. The low levels of literacy in this area implies that any information and awareness programs to be designed and used should not rely only on written text but use a lot of illustrations and other suitable / appropriate educational media. On the other hand the priority development objective for these areas is the establishment of educational facilities for the purpose of enhancing enrollment levels for all sexes especially for the girls.
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page105
4.2.4.10 Household Size On average there are 8 people in each household with the largest household having 25 people and the smallest 1 person. This is slightly higher than the 2014 Population Census, which had 6.6 persons per household in the Central region. The large household size can be attributed to a large number of dependents, polygamous practices, early marriages, high fertility rates and low levels of education.
4.2.4.11 Age Distribution Age is one of the most important factors to consider when devising policies and plans. Dependency and intergenerational differences play a big role in mitigating impacts. A relatively younger population may have substantially different demands than the older population. In this area, the DDP 2011/16 shows that a significant proportion (22%) of the household members is children less than 18 years of age and between 35-55 years. Never the less a considerable number 46% are in the youthful age of 19-35 years. Only 10% are very old thus 56+ years of age. With the majority of the population being in the productive age bracket the dependency ratio is expected to be low.
4.2.4.12 Health Infrastructure In Gomba district information from the discussions with the different stakeholders revealed that there is too much pressure on the existing health facilities that are mainly administered in Health Centers, drug shops, clinics, and traditional birth attendants. In most parishes people rely on these facilities, which are poorly facilitated (staff, drugs, and modern diagnostic facilities). Because of that, patients have to be referred even Mulago main hospital in Kampala. Statistics from the DDP show that the majority of the people in the area use health centers (43%), clinics (28%) and drug shops (20%) for the management of their health. A mere 6% visit hospitals.
4.2.4.13 Vulnerability This can be measured using different indicators, which include, age, economic status, disability and whether a child is orphaned or not. Based on the 2014 area specific profile for Gomba, it was established that 12.6% of the population are disabled while 9% of all children are orphaned. The occurrence of early marriages stood at 4% while 5.1% girls acknowledged being child mothers. It should be noted that the incidence of child marriages in the project area is already high therefore interaction between the community and project workers should be managed so that this rate does not increase.
4.2.4.14 Child Labor The Gomba District (2017) National Population and Housing Census area specific profile ascertained that 21.1% percent of children are engaged in some form of productive activity, which amounts to child labor. Further break done indicates that 17% of all children below 15years (minors) are involved in production. Given that infrastructure projects are highly
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page106 associated with child labor, project implementers should monitor and ensure that these rates do not increase due to project activities.
4.2.5 Social environment and other aspects of the project area (Butambala district)
4.2.5.1 Political and administrative structures. Butambala district is bordered by Gomba district to the west and North West, Mityana district to the north east, Mpigi district to the east and south, and Kalungu district to the south west. The district headquarters is at Gombe which is approximately 31 kilometers by road, west of Mpigi, the largest metropolitan area in the sub-region. This is approximately 68 kilometers, by road, south west of Kampala, Uganda‟s capital and largest city. Butambala District is politically constituted of 5 subcounties, 31 parishes and 87 villages.
Butambala district is one of the newest districts in Uganda. Created by an act of parliament and became operational on 1st July 2010, having been split off of Mpigi district, together with neighbouring Gomba district. The national population census in 1991 estimated the district population at about 74,100. In 2002, the census put the population of the district at about 86,800. In 2012 the population of Butambala district was estimated at about 99,400. Before becoming a district, the area was Butambala County, one of the 18 counties which constitute the kingdom of Buganda.
Figure 4.14: Location of Butambala District in Central Uganda
4.2.5.2 Infrastructure Butambala district inherited roads and infrastructure from the old district Mpigi and with the central and local governments it now has the challenge of building new roads and maintaining the existing ones in order to enhance development in the new district. The
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page107 challenges are however great as most of the rural growth centres in the area lie along the major trunk/feeder roads and storm water and un managed run off is destructive to the roads. The Butambala district local government is planning to improve drainage by stone pitching drains along the trading centres and town.
4.2.5.3 Land use and land tenure Like any other district in Uganda the main land use activity is Agriculture which forms about 90% of the economic activities as reflected in the National Development plan and District Statistical Abstract (2014). The land in the district is under the customary system in which land is passed on from one generation to the next, but there are current efforts to have the land registered and hence the system is getting phased out as more land is registered for free hold. As the mainstay of the district‟s economy is agriculture, major impacts are related to agriculture. Factors including deforestation, soil fertility loss, soil erosion, noise and air pollution, degrading of wetlands, landscape changes, pollution of soils and air from inappropriate agro chemical use, destruction of rangelands and poor hygiene and sanitation in the landing sites are visible. Deforestation and soil fertility loss/soil erosion are the most widespread impacts in the region.
4.2.5.4 Sources of livelihood Agriculture forms the backbone of the economy of the district, 69% of the people are engaged in agriculture. Most of the agriculture is on the subsistence level. Major food crops grown in the district include bananas, rice, sweet potatoes, cassava, ground nuts and horticultural products include vegetables, fruits (passion fruit) and spices (ginger). Coffee and sugarcane are grown as cash crops, while poultry, livestock, dairy production and forestry are key undertakings within the district. There are metal fabricators in Gombe town where youth earn a living by making frames of doors, windows, gates and doubling in various commercial activities. There are small scale industries coming up like brick making, crafts and grain milling. Access to electricity should boost agro-processing industries.
4.2.5.5 Energy Sources Energy is central to practically all aspects of human welfare, including access to water, agricultural productivity, health care, education, job creation, climate change, and environmental sustainability. Among the ecosystem services derived from forested wetlands, marshes, swamps, and flood plains, the importance of fiber and fuel is of high magnitude (MEA 2005). About 89% of the households in the district depend on firewood for cooking. The wetlands in this area are also a favoured source of long lasting charcoal by many consumers due to the nature of the trees (Acacia, Obusaana local dialect). An average household of 4-5 people can always go and collect a bundle of firewood a day as energy for cooking and heating.
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page108
4.2.5.6 Education and literacy A large proportion of the people have not completed formal education, about 11% of the males and 12% of the females have never attended school while 62% males and 59% females have not gone beyond primary 7. For the district, this implies that many people will not be employed or will provide only unskilled labour for which the returns are marginal. This has implications on poverty levels with the population below poverty line (Poverty Line Head Count) currently at 29.97% (District Local Government, 2009). The project should sensitise communities on how they can utilize electricity for poverty alleviation.
4.2.5.7 Population The national population census in 1991 estimated the Butambala district population at 74,100. The 2002 census put the population at about 86,800. In 2012, the population was estimated at 99,400. In 2014, the population was estimated at 100.840. Butambala has the lowest population growth rates of 1.22%, nevertheless population growth impacts resource use as a rapidly increasing population will put pressure on resources and possibly lead to resource degradation. The district has an average household size of 5. Population density is estimated at 245.1/sq km. The population of the district is younger with children (below 18 years) constituting about 58% of the total. The implications of a growing population for sustainable economic development are many. Investment in social services (education and health) must be a priority, that is, more schools / class rooms and health units are required to cater for the growing population. The dependency ratio is high i.e. every working person has somebody to feed or look after. There is always a large number of youth entering the labour force and those looking for employment. With the high fertility rates maintained, this can constrain the ability of the district to eradicate poverty and provide essential services.
4.2.5.8 Economic Activity Subsistence agriculture and small-scale animal husbandry are the back bone of Butambala District economy. The main food crops are beans, groundnuts, sugar cane, bananas, matooke, maize, mangoes etc. Planned district development activities in 2017/18 have seen an increase in health and education service development, in production and marketing. Infrastructure development will target construction of public and social infrastructure, rehabilitation of Gombe hospital and widening the power supply network. More boreholes and water tanks will be constructed in various areas. Equally mechanized routine maintenance of roads will continue and appropriate inputs for operation wealth creation distributed to farmers.
The major constraint in implementing development plans reported by district informers include: the existence of a small tax base, supervision and monitoring of government works, the high level of prevalence rate of HIV/AIDS (at 10%) which has affected the people by reducing their productivity.
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page109
4.2.5.9 Land Tenure The Land Act of 1998 identifies the four forms of land tenure systems in Uganda and this applies to the areas of study: Customary, Leasehold, Freehold, and Mailo. The Land tenure analysis in the districts upon which this study has been undertaken shows that Mailo is predominant at 58%, Freehold is at 8.4%, and Leasehold is at 7.4%. Land without established status comprised of 2.8% of the total, while forest cover is 0.29% (MWE, 2016). However, the analysis of land tenure shows that most is owned by individuals including some parts of wetlands.
4.2.5.10 HIV/AIDS It is important to establish existing trends in HIV for a given project area because this would then serve as a basis for monitoring. Prevalence rates for Butambala have not been established but the rate has been taken to be similar to that of Mpigi district from where it was curved. The prevalence rate stands at 12.5% which is much higher than the national average of 7.3%. The contractor for the power lines will put in place a comprehensive HIV prevention program for both workers and the community.
4.2.5.11 Gender Based Violence Gender-based violence (GBV) is a harmful act towards women and men. In most cases, women fall victims of gender violence due to a patriarchal nature of Ugandan societies. Discussions with communities revealed that, Gender-based violence is deeply rooted within the inequity between men and women of which the man is seen as more superior to the women in the society and it is often accepted and overlooked by laws, institutions, and community norms. Ruhweza (2017). Gender Based Violence in Butambala is caused by poverty, the impatience of the man and lack of communication and the community and authorities not treating GBV as serious in the community, Given the existing situation, project activities should be sensitive not to scarlet the already high problem.
4.2.5.12 Vulnerability This can be measured using different indicators, which include, age, economic status, disability and whether a child is orphaned or not. Based on the 2014 area specific profile for Butambala, it was established that 6.2% of the population are disabled, 8.1% of all children are orphaned. The occurrence of early marriages stood at 5.5% while 6.3% girls acknowledged being child mothers. It should be noted that the incidence of child marriages in the project area is already high therefore the interaction of the community and project workers should be managed so that this rate does not increase.
4.2.5.13 Child Labor The Butambala District (2017) National Population and Housing Census area specific profile ascertained that 21.3% percent of children are engaged in some form of productive activity which amounts to child labor. Given that infrastructure projects are highly associated with child labor, project implementers should monitor and ensure that these rates do not increase due to project activities.
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page110
5 PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND DISCLOSURE
5.1 Introduction NEMA guidelines require the people likely to be affected by a development project to be consulted so that their views and fears are incorporated in planning. Community perspectives are important for project planning and implementation. Knowledge of what the community perceives will go a long way to help during the compensation and resettlement action plan. Therefore, during the ESIA process, consultations were conducted with relevant stakeholders, including potential beneficiaries, affected groups and local authorities about the project‟s environment and social aspects and their views considered. To meet this requirement, the EIA team held public consultations in some areas with high settlements along the proposed power line corridor.
During the field study, the EIA team was interested in gathering views about community perceptions, concerns and fears about the proposed project in order to build consensus and support for the project. The main issues of socio-economic concern were safety issues, access to power, damage to property, compensation and identification and protection of the interests of vulnerable groups. During the consultation meetings issues discussed included socio-economic impacts that might arise due to the project, how to minimize these impacts and compensation.
5.2 Stakeholder Engagement
5.2.1 Stakeholders Consulted A “stakeholder” can be defined as: Any individual, group, or institution with a vested interest in the natural resources of the project area and/or who potentially will be affected by project activities and have something to gain or lose if conditions change or stay the same. Stakeholders in this project included formal and informal agencies in public and private sectors.
A number of key stakeholders were involved in the community participation component of the EIA baseline study. Consultations were conducted through Village meetings, focus group discussions and key informant interviews.
Consultations were carried out with four groups of stakeholders namely; . Directly affected persons . Indirectly affected persons . Government Agencies . Non-Government Organizations
Directly Affected Persons The directly affected persons are the people who reside in or derive their livelihood from the
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page111 zone of direct impact (ROW & Way Leaves). The directly affected persons were consulted about safety and way leaf acquisition and livelihood activities.
Indirectly affected Persons This group included persons who reside near the project area or rely on resources (such as water, pasture land, wetlands etc.) likely to be affected by the project. This group of stakeholders will have to change or adjust their living patterns when the construction of the REA power lines start.
Government Agencies Under the present arrangement of decentralized system of governance, power belongs to the people and therefore, the role of the local communities in decision-making is critical. The Local leaders, mainly LCIs and LCVs of the district of Masaka, Butambala Gomba and Mukono were consulted. Other officials consulted were District Environment Officer, RDC, District planner, District Natural Resources Officer, Community Development Officers (CDOs), District Land officer and the Chief Administrative Officer.
Central, Local government and private agencies responsible for ensuring a healthy environment were also consulted. The agencies consulted were: . Local Government Departments . Ministry of Gender Labour and Social Development . Ministry of Energy and Mineral Development . Uganda National Roads Authority . Uganda Museum . UMEME . National Forestry Authority . National Environment Management Authority
5.2.2 Stakeholder Engagement Project stakeholders include communities, groups, individuals and organizations likely to be affected directly or indirectly or may exert positive or negative influence on the project. The community perspectives study was done using Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) with men, women, the elderly, youth, widows/orphans and disabled persons along the proposed REA lines corridor in the four districts. Other methods used by the ESIA team include key informant interviews/meetings held with key stakeholders throughout the proposed line corridor. Attendance include Local Council executives, the community affected persons, local councilors, opinion leaders, and other residents of the area who may be interested. Annex 2 of the report gives a full list of people consulted.
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page112
5.2.3 Summary of Key Public concerns about the project
5.2.3.1 Local communities During public consultations in the above areas, a number of concerns were raised most of which were common and repetitive in all areas. Among the concerns raised include but not limited to the following:
During all consultative meetings community members wanted to know whether there will be compensation in case of damage to crops and property during project implementation. They wanted to know how their crops will be compensated because these are likely to be affected during excavation of holes. Most communities expressed concern about the vulgar language often used by construction workers which they said infringes on their cultural values. Concern was raised about safety of the community and children in particular because they are not familiar with power. They were concerned about private property that is likely to be affected during construction and wanted to know how compensation will be made. Some communities expressed that contractor make shoddy work and power lines collapse shortly after construction leaving areas without power for a long time. In regard to compensation the expressed fear that men could be compensated for crops damaged yet these could belong to women who are more active in farming. The issue of employing local labour was prominent among community member who stressed that this is one of the ways in which they could benefit from the project because not everyone will be able to connect to power. Likely increase in the HIV scourge was also cited during community meeting. Members said this could increase with influx of people in anticipation of employment. They wanted to know the nature of power line to be constructed whether high or low voltage line. Community members wanted to know how consent of landowners will be obtained because the project does not have provision for compensation. In regard to project time frame they wanted to know how soon the project is because some members have plans of getting alternative sources of power such as solar. Concern about safe distance from the power line was expressed and the community wanted to know the permissible distance. Clearance of the way leave will lead to loss of trees because these are viewed as obstacles. They wanted to know if there is enough power to serve the entire area.
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page113
During the meetings, community members were informed that this activity (EIA process) was mandatory and a legal requirement by the laws of Uganda. They were informed that projects of this magnitude had great positive impact on their livelihood therefore their views were vital.
In all the meetings, a majority of the participants were not aware of the project since the meeting held were the first about the project at village levels. Participants emphasized that proper community consultation by professionals should be carried out if this project is to progress with minimum interruption to the community. The quotations below summarize the concerns of some of the potentially affected persons;
Examples of issues and questions raised by the Project Affected Persons 1. If my property is damaged will I be compensated? 2. Who is the developer? 3. If I am close to a power pole will I be connected? 4. How will Project Affected Persons benefit? 5. How will grievance be addressed in case an individual is affected? 6. Can I use the land below the line after it has been established? 7. What is the recommended safe distance from the line within which people can leave? 8. Will local people get employment from project related activities? 9. Will neighbours to the project be supplied with power? 10. Will crops and trees be compensated since this is a village and much of the land that will be traversed is farm land? 11. How long will the program take before commencement so that we prepare for what is coming? 12. Will power just pass through the village or people will benefit in some way? 13. The electricity you are bringing for us, is it 3-Phase or the lower voltage we use in our houses? 14. What will REA do to ensure that the contractor‟s workers do not use vulgar language in the community? 15. How much does it cost to install electricity in my house? 16. Who will compensate for trees lost during construction? 17. Will the first people to install electricity get some subsidies like reduction in connection fee? 18. Sometimes poles fall and wires break and kill people. Do you compensate for the deaths?
As highlighted from the questions above, the affected communities seem to be concerned most about what community safety, compensation and community access to power. These concerns were highly brought out in all the meetings. The affected communities were informed that the proposed project will follow the existing corridor to minimise relocating
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page114 communities. The consultants attempted to respond to their concerns although further sensitization is needed to allay any fears and questions related to the project. Details of minutes for each meeting are attached in Annex 1.
5.2.3.2 Lead agencies
Ministry of Energy and Mineral Development The senior environment officer indicated that wetlands should be identified and clearly mapped within the project area adding that chemicals currently used to preserve poles damage the environment so alternatives should be sought. The contractor should prepare different management plans and ensure that they are implementation throughout the project cycle. In regard to stakeholder engagement she stated that comprehensive sensitisation should be conducted at all levels. Communities should be informed that the project does not have a provision for compensation so that expectations are not raised. Gender mainstreaming activities such as employment of both genders, encouraging equal pay for similar work and discouraging use of gender stereotyping language should be emphasised. She also noted that climate change issues likely to emerge as a result of the project should be identified and clear and practicable mitigation measures suggested. During the meeting the environment specialist stressed that project area communities should be given priority during recruitment adding that this should be clearly stated in the contract.
Ministry of Gender Labour and Social Development
Department of Occupational Safety and Health The principal occupational hygienist noted that consideration of the line from the ground should be taken to ensure safety of communities. She advised that baseline radiation levels which should be taken before the project starts and monitored regularly to ascertain that they are within permissible levels. During community meetings the safe zone from the line should be communicated. It was noted that a risk assessment of activities be undertaken to enable appropriate mitigation measures to be suggested before the project starts and a health and safety officer should be part of the contractor‟s team. The HS officer should conduct safety and health trainings and tool box meetings and records of such trainings kept in addition to all workers having adequate and appropriate PPE. She noted that REA should oriented communities of the risks associated with power and how to avoid them before the line is commissioned.
Directorate of gender The Assistant commissioner noted that comprehensive stakeholder engagement should be conducted to capture concerns, expectations and suggestions. She stressed that the consultant team should ensure that community members are routinely updated about project on-going and planned activities. In regard to community mobilisation the commissioner mentioned that the CDO is the ministry‟s representative at district level and
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page115 structures are in place at sub county level and these she said should guide REA on information passed on to people without causing unnecessary anxiety among communities. She stated that the likely impacts will mainly arise from population influx. This she said is likely to lead to gender based violence and stressed that communities and authorities in the project area should be made alert about available psychosocial support.
Uganda National Roads Authority The high way engineer stated that UNRA has acquired land (the reserve) only on tarmacked roads most of the roads where the line is likely to pass; much as they could be UNRA roads the reserve is not acquired. He added during implementation of the project REA should ensure that the lines are erected at least 15meters on either side because roads are normally 30 meters. In instances where the line crosses the road, the Engineer said the clearance should be 8m high. This he emphasised should be observed to avoid high relocation costs incurred when such roads are due for upgrade.
Wetlands Department The Senior Wetlands Officer consulted noted that there has been a tendency by REA to promise that they are going to use the road reserves and later deviate from such promises. He noted that on several cases, they have opened up new roads with poor restoration mechanisms. He therefore requested the ESIA team to capture the names, locations and acreage that will be affected by the power lines and later share the ESIA report with the Wetlands department to facilitate planned monitoring of the project. He also noted that in some instances, such projects have provided access to wetlands that have catalysed wetland encroachment to the extent of people owning plots in such ecosystems. He suggested that access roads through wetlands should be constructed in a standard way (with stones at the base) to facilitate free flow of water and prevent flooding that sometimes happens in similar projects.
National Forestry Authority The Environmental Impact Assessment and Research Officer at NFA noted that the assumption that the power lines will follow the road reserve is not always implemented by REA. He mentioned that trees are tall and when they fall, they fall on the line and advised the only way to mitigate impact on forest reserves should be to always avoid forest reserves as much as possible. He also advised that where there are no alternatives, REA should compensate for all the economic value of lost resources and not only looking at the timber value. He mentioned that REA lines have affected several reserves such as Budongo, Bugoma, Mujuzi, Nandagi, Kifu and several. He also advised that utility companies should plan properly and avoid multiple lines opening up new forest patches because promotes encroachment such reserves.
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page116
5.2.3.3 Opinions of other stakeholders
Nagojje sugar Estate The estate manager said this is not the first project to run through part of their farms although previously all damaged crops were compensated. He was concerned about sugarcane crops that will be cleared during construction of the line but recommended that clearance of plants should be limited to areas where poles will be erected and any other activities should be a way from the plantation. He was generally happy about the project and pledged support at all stages of project activities.
Uganda Tea Corporation The division manager expressed happiness about the proposed development. He said their office will be connected which will ease office work adding that power would also be extended to the labour camp. He mentioned that this is a production zone with output ranging between 150-60 tonnes a month for the wet and dry seasons respectively. He expressed fear about the likely loss of crops that will be uprooted during erection of poles which he said will have to be compensated. Compensation he said should be paid to the corporation and a letter of clearance issued to the contractor before construction starts. He noted that pole if not well erected could be brought down by strong winds which could constitute a safety threat to the community.
5.2.3.4 Opinions from Masaka district officials
District Natural Resources Officer He expressed concern about the likely loss of vegetation adding that these are not replaces after the project implementation. The other issue of concern was placing of poles in wetlands which could lead to contamination from chemicals used to treat poles and also activities make wetlands more susceptible to encroachment. He noted that people who erect power lines are vulgar yet this is not socially acceptable. The DNRO expressed concern about workers who he said interact with community members and target vulnerable groups such as the very poor, under aged girls who they lure into sexual relations. He recommended that sensitisation meetings be held with communities so that they take caution. It was emphasised during the meeting that some property could be destroyed yet there is no provision for compensation.
Assistant Chief Administrative Officer (ACAO)
He mentioned that since there is no compensation even when the line runs through private property communities should be prepared and made to understand this clearly before the project starts. The ACAO said there should be structure to link the community to REA and the contractor for adequate information flow among all stakeholders. He noted that influx of labourers to work on these lines, these could destabilise families through adultery. Another issue is HIV/AIDS. Both workers and communities are susceptible to contracting the virus
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page117 from each other; therefore sensitisation should be intensified because the impacts of HIV are long term without spatial boundaries. Since this will be the first ever power line to be extended in most areas it is important to note that communities need proper sensitisation about the danger power could pose to life and property. In regard to gender, the ACAO noted that it is part of the district policy to encourage gender balance so women should be encouraged to take on some of the tasks.
District Community Development Officer (DCDO)
He said communities where the power lines pass should be consulted during the ESIA study because their land will be used. In instances where compensation is considered women should be involved because women are more involved in farming so it is likely that most crops that will be destroyed belong to them. Women should be involved at every stage of the project and should be included in dialogue meetings so that they get first-hand information so that they make informed decision about project related activities on matters that affect them. They should also be encouraged to make decisions on matters affecting In regard to environment the DCDO was concerned about trees (forests) and wetlands they are likely to be affected. He added that the community should be sensitised and encouraged to plant more trees preferable fruit trees. The DCDO said HIV/AIDs become a concern when there is an influx of workers and said sensitisation should be intensified. The project he said could also affect child headed families, the old and PWD if their crops are affected which could make them more vulnerable.
District Health Inspector
Indicated that there are some forest reserves and hoped that the power lines would avoid them adding that if these are cleared they could amount to environmental degradation with its attendant impacts such as global warming. He mentioned that REA contractors do not replace cut trees and he wanted to know if this is part of the contract. He was concerned about the lkely increase in HIV which is as high as 30% at some landing sites. Sensitize the community before about the dangers of power, you have seen people trying to tap electricity from lines and they get shocked.
District Lands Officer
He expressed happiness about the project which he said is likely to stimulate development if people are sensitized. He mentioned that adequate and prompt compensation where applicable. In cases where consent is to be obtained from property owners intensive sensitization should be conducted to ensure that people appreciate the project. He recommended that all trees should be replaced to minimize environmental degradation. There should be clear monitoring and supervision of project activities.
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page118
5.2.3.5 Opinions from Gomba district officials
Chief Administrative Officer For areas where there are swamps, materials to be used during installation should be strong eg poles. He said trees are likely to be cut and recommended that tree planting should be considered wherever there is clearance of trees. Since the project does not have compensation, people should be informed so that they are aware of all planned activities. The CAO mentioned that he is not well aware of how the connection network has been planned but recommended that consideration should be made for public institutions. REA should also consider areas with potential growth centres because this would stimulate their growth and development.
District Environment Officer The DNRO envisaged that people might hesitate giving their land freely for project activities if they get to know that the project is World Bank funded. Complaints about destruction of property and crops are likely to arise. It was recommended that consultations be made with all stakeholders and expectations about compensation addressed before the project is implemented. She stressed that compensation should be considered whenever private land is affected.
District Health Inspector Another issue is the influx of people in the area which will come along with HIV and other diseases. Sanitation will be a problem as people will be working in the field where there are no toilets and there will be cases of open defecation contaminating gardens/fields of crops. Wastes such as wires poles and packaging materials will be an issue of concern if not well managed. He recommended that mobile toilets be used to dispose off human waste and communities should be continuously sensitized about the HIV scourge throughout the project cycle.
District Physical Planner Environmental degradation will occur because some trees will have to be cut where the lines are passing. She also envisaged that land conflicts may arise because as some people may refuse to give in their land. The physical planner noted that different types of wastes will be generated whose management should be well planned for them not to constitute a nuisance. Community sensitization about the project should be conducted so that the people own the project. Planting of trees should be emphasized to control environmental degradation.
District education officer He noted the people value their land and therefore may try to resist and the area being a cattle corridor people are likely to express fear about the safety of their animals. The DEO expressed concern about vandalism of project resources such as transformer oil which
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page119 leaves areas without power for some time. He said community leaders should be involved in mobilization of the public so that people accept the project.
District Production Officer The district Production Officer envisaged environmental degradation as trees will be cut. He also mentioned that sensitive ecosystems like wetlands will be opened up during line construction and this could encourage encroachment. He said his sector would benefit most because farmers will embrace processing but noted that the high power costs might be prohibitive.
District Engineer The voltage is a bit high and people could be affected were the line passes. He said people should be consulted and sensitized before the project is implemented because crops are likely to be damaged yet these are farming communities. Water sources may be affected hence the need for proper surveys to be done. The DE said the high power costs might prohibit some people from connecting and these could attempt to connect themselves illegally posing a safety threat. He said comprehensive baseline survey should be conducted including all aspects social, economic and environmental. REA should sensitize the public about HIV which is associated with infrastructure projects.
5.2.3.6 Opinions from Butambala District Officials
Chief Administrative Officer He expressed gratitude about the government‟s initiative to extend power to the proposed project areas within the district. For this reason, he said REA should ensure that project implementation does not take long. In regard to community expectations the CAO emphasised that consultations should clearly state what REA expects because communities have a tendency of expecting too much. It was emphasized that local leaders should be involved because they understand communities better.
District Engineer He said people are likely to be displaced and may not have where to go. Another issue is the influx of people in the area which could come along with HIV. It was envisaged that sanitation will be a problem as people will be working in the field where there are no toilets and there will be cases of open defecation contaminating gardens/fields of crops. Wastes such as wires poles and packaging materials will be an issue to deal with. The DE recommended the use of mobile toilets to dispose off human waste. Sensitizations of the community on HIV/AIDS as well as distribution of condoms
District Water Officer It was noted that wetlands are also likely to be destroyed yet these play an important role in the water cycle. In regard to way leave clearance the Water Officer noted that trees will be
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page120 cut down and these need to be replaced. It was mentioned that social issues such as people‟s wives being taken by construction workers could arise. Proper waste management strategies should be put in place before the projects starts to manage human waste and project related wastes such as wire off cuts. Recommended that continous senstisation of communities be conducted throughout the project cycle.
5.2.3.7 Opinions from Mukono district officials
The chief Administrative officer The CAO said the he is grateful on behalf of the district because lack of power has been a hindrance to development in some areas. However he added since the project does not have compensation people could resist using part of their land for project activities if they are not consulted well. He recommended that respective area political leaders should be involved because these are trusted by their electorate. He stressed that people should be informed that this is a demand driven project with no provision for compensation.
District Labor Officer He stated that compensation is likely to be a concern because people always expect it before any project is executed. Lack of compensation may in turn require that people be consulted and sensitized about the kind of project that is being offered. It was mentioned that during construction people are likely to increase in the area and this could cause insecurity and theft. The DLO said ladies should be given priority to work if they express interest. He said HIV should be mainstreamed into the entire project planning process so as to manage and minimise the impacts of this scourge.
District Community Development Officer The DCDO mentioned that there are graveyards which people have social attachments and these could be affected during pitting for line construction. He mentioned that there could be endangered plant species that might be affected during project implementation. It was recommended that compensation be paid under certain circumstances and women be informed because they are more involved in production activities on land that will be affected. Children, orphans and people with disability should be given opportunity whenever possible.
District water officer It was noted that wastes will be generated from cutting of trees, poles (wood waste) and wires which if not properly managed will degrade the environment. The wetlands are likely to be destroyed during project implementation and these will in the future be degraded by encroachers. It was emphasised that communities should be engaged so that they appreciate and own up the project. Stakeholders should be informed of what to expect from the project so that they are not disappointed when they feel/ think their needs are ignored during project implementation.
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page121
5.3 Compensation and Grievance Redress The EIA team informed the communities that the project does not have outright compensation and stated that the developer intends to follow the existing road reserve and as such only crops destroyed during line construction activities would be compensated. The community members were further informed that where private land is used, owners will be engaged for consent before any activity is undertaken.
5.4 Vulnerability Community members, local leaders and district technocrats expressed concerns about what would be done to people who may be affected more by the project see detailed consultations of stakeholders in annex1. From the discussions, the potentially vulnerable in the project area include the elderly, disabled persons and child headed families. Destruction of their crops would increase their vulnerability.
5.5 Cultural and Communal Property The communities were requested to assist the RAP team to identify cultural property that could be located within the proposed route so that they are mapped and preserved during construction. It emerged that no major PCRs would be affected in the area but if any such property is identified during construction then necessary measures would be undertaken.
5.6 Community Participation in the Project The EIA team outlined to the community the procedures on how they could participate and get involved in the proposed project. They were informed that at each stage of the project, the community would be informed through their Local Council leaders.
The communities proposed that when the project starts, they should be given the priority to work as semi-skilled or non-skilled labourers. Local Council (LC) officials in the project area also emphasized the need for the Contractor to recruit unskilled labour from the communities along the proposed REA line routing. Communities expressed concern that project implementers import even unskilled labour, which the locals could readily provide.
5.7 Grievance Redress Community members expressed fear of their property being taken/damaged against their terms. Members were informed that whenever private land is to be used owners would be engaged to provide consent before construction works commence. They were also informed that a grievance committee would be formed with representatives from the community, contractor and REA to handle matters related to the project that could arise during the project cycle. Emphasis was put on resolving conflicts amicably since the project is for the common good of the people of Uganda. A detailed grievance redress mechanism has been presented in section 8.3.
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page122
5.8 Public Disclosure Plan The Ugandan laws and Development Partner guidelines within which this ESIA was conducted require communities consulted to be informed of the decisions made from the study. The views gathered during the ESIA process were analysed and incorporated in this report. The project proponent will distribute copies of the report to the relevant stakeholders and the communities consulted. Any issues that may have been omitted will be incorporated and dealt with accordingly.
5.9 Conclusion The community discussions and stakeholder interviews showed that the community along the power line corridor will support the project if the compensation exercise is implemented in a professional and fair manner. The community and the key stakeholders expressed support for the project since they see it as a way of enhancing productivity and value addition in their respective regions in order to promote development as well as employment creation for themselves or their children during construction and after because electricity extension will attract new developments and more activities in the area. Public consultation and sensitization shall continue during the disclosure period in order to capture any other issues that could have been left out during the consultation exercise.
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page123
6 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES
6.1 Introduction In environmental impact assessment studies, it‟s important that alternatives be analyzed to maximize environmental safety. Alternatives can take on several forms including technological options, project site options, transportation options, labour sources and type and others. Several factors can influence the choice of alternatives to be considered by a Developer and in most cases, such factors are either technical, financial, socio or environmental. The best option is one which tries to strike a balance on the above factors with viable mitigations measures for residual impacts. In this project, the scenarios discussed under shall be as follows; 1. Technological options of evacuating power to the point of inter connection 2. Interconnection points to the grid 3. Project or no project options
6.2 Technological options of evacuating power to the point of inter connection
6.2.1 Overview There are several options for transmitting power from one source to another. Such options depend on several factors which may include the voltage, distance and other factors associated with the distribution route. In this scenario, we shall compare the option of using conductors mounted on poles (overhead distribution lines) or using underground cables.
6.2.2 Overhead Distribution lines Conventionally, power is transmitted using conductors mounted on wooden, steel or concrete poles. High voltage lines are usually mounted on metallic towers. The proposed option for the 33kV line will is an overhead line mounted on wooden poles in either a single or an H-structure form. Overhead Distribution lines are cheaper as the insulation cost is lesser and the conductor material cost is lesser too. They also have better heat dissipation abilities. However, they have significant disadvantages. Overhead lines are vulnerable to lightning strikes which can cause interruption. Overhead lines use bare conductors and can cause damage if they break. They are considered to be unsightly as they mar the scenery of the landscape. The maintenance cost of overhead lines is more and the voltage drop in overhead lines is more.
6.2.3 Underground cables In the cable option, the Developer would use a cable to transmit power in all the anticipated project areas proposed way leave (road reserve). Underground distribution using cables is costlier than overhead distribution as the ground needs to be excavated. Installation of conventional underground cables typically involves permitting, working around traffic and other surface activity, trenching, laying cable, bringing in thermal sands, and avoiding other underground utilities, such as gas pipelines and telecommunication cables, because of
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page124 generated heat or electromagnetic fields. Construction of belowground distribution lines could have substantially greater impacts to soils and associated resources than construction of aboveground lines. Belowground construction would require excavation of the entire length of the line, resulting in large areas of disturbance from the excavation and associated activities, such as heavy equipment use and soil storage. Ecological impacts could be increased by the greater soil disturbance, as could impact archeological and cultural resources
On the other hand, impacts in a number of resource areas would be reduced as compared to aboveground lines. Visual impacts would be greatly diminished, except where aboveground support facilities are located. Land use impacts could be reduced due to the absence of aboveground structures. Bird strikes would be eliminated. Way leave clearance and maintenance and all of its attendant impacts would be greatly reduced. Health and safety impacts would be reduced overall due to a reduction in line failures due to accidents or acts of nature. Below is a further examination of impacts for underground distribution lines.
6.2.4 Distribution lines versus underground cables
6.2.4.1 Land Use Land use would be impacted in several ways by underground distribution lines. Many of the impacts would be distinct from those due to overhead lines. Restrictions would be placed on locating building structures over underground lines in order not to damage the lines, to maintain access to the lines for repair, and to protect building occupants. Similarly, no trees would be allowed to grow over lines, as roots could damage lines and block access. Thus, in forested areas, a no-tree path would exist over a buried line. Otherwise, recreational land uses would be little impacted. This attribute of buried lines suggests that their primary use in long-range distribution systems would be in visually sensitive areas such as parks.
6.2.4.2 Visual Impact Reduction of visual impacts relative to overhead lines is a major factor in favor of underground lines. However, as noted above, underground lines are not without some visual impacts. Impacts along the distribution line route would include the absence of trees above the line, possible vegetation changes due to temperature effects, the presence of access and haul roads during and after line construction and the presence of soil piles during construction. Facilities associated with buried cables would introduce other visual impacts. For example, cable joint bay locations providing access for inspection and servicing of buried lines would be present at periodic intervals. Such locations might require access roads.
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page125
6.2.4.3 Cultural Resources Buried archaeological resources along a buried distribution line route could be impacted by the required excavation for the line. Impacts would be greatest in fertile lowland areas and floodplains. Higher impacts than for overhead lines would accrue due to greater soil disturbance. To minimize impacts, consultations, evaluations, and mitigation should be performed prior to installation of buried lines. Route selection should consider the locations of cultural resources and avoidance of them, if practical.
6.2.4.4 Impact on Health and Safety Construction-related health and safety impacts could be greater for underground lines than for overhead lines due to the greater time and effort involved. Impacts would appear as a greater number of injuries and deaths during construction. Health and safety impacts during operations could be reduced compared to overhead lines, as hazards to the public from structures would be reduced. For example, air craft collisions and other hazards from overhead lines and towers would be eliminated. Further, shock hazards from ground faults and downed conductors would be greatly reduced.
6.2.4.5 Conclusion Although the initial cost of using a cable may be slightly expensive, the long term advantages would outweigh such costs. Under this option, most of the structures under the way leave would be avoided and the cost of compensating the project affected persons would reduce. Therefore, the Developer is advised to explore this option further and examine the probability of using cables in all sections or some.
6.3 Interconnection points Basing on the field surveys, there are several areas where power from the grid will be taped from. However, technical and financial considerations will dictate the points that will be used. Ideally, the nearest and technically feasible access points shall be used.
6.4 Project Option vs No Project Option
6.4.1 No project option Analysis of the „no project option‟ as an alternative is an important component of the EIA. It provides an environmental baseline against which impacts of the proposed action can be compared. The ‘no project option’ alternative here means that the proposed REA lines under package 2 Lot 4, 5 & 6 will not be developed, and hence the site and project area continue with the present course of actions or status quo. In this respect, government and the communities would lose all potential benefits associated with rural electrification. With respect to the socio-economic environment, the “no-action” option would eliminate the opportunity for jobs creation, and secondary socio-economic benefits, which the proposed development would have created. This Alternative is not sustainable in the long run
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page126 because the growing demand for electricity in the country needs a solution. Therefore, this alternative is not recommended.
6.4.2 Project Option Project option means proceeding with the current plan and implementing the project as it is with some modifications to avert environmental damage and risks associated with community and occupational safety. The proposed rural electrification programme is urgently needed by the community and local leaders to accelerate development in the project areas. All stakeholders consulted had no objection to the proposed project. They were very optimistic about the project citing its contribution to development in the districts, through job creation, revenue collection by government and other secondary socio- economic benefits, which the proposed development will create. In view of this discussion, the Project Option is taken as viable for implementation on condition that the identified impacts are mitigated as suggested.
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page127
7 IMPACT IDENTIFICATION, MITIGATION, MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING
7.1 POSITIVE IMPACTS
7.1.1 Creation of Employment Opportunities During construction of the distribution line, more than 250 people are expected to be recruited as workers. These will constitute skilled, semi-skilled and unskilled labourers. Skilled personnel will be employed as Managers, Supervisors, and in other Technical positions whereas unskilled laborers will be support staff and perform non-technical work. The income accruing from such activities will obviously change their standards of living. More employment will be created to the local proprietors who will be providing services like food, accommodation, medical care, among other services. This is because most staff will be housed near the places of work. Generally, Trading centres and townships along the distribution line corridor such as Nakiyaga, Buwunga, Lwanunda, Karugondo (Masaka Lot), Kanoni, Mpenja, Mauchi, Mpunge, Malele (Gomba Lot), Walusubi, Wakiso, Kiyunga, Kimenyedde, (Mukono) and many others will benefit from the sale of commodities to the laborers working on the power lines. Food vendors and other local traders will also find market for their goods thus increasing incomes among residents of the villages. The hotels in the nearby towns will house the people working on the project and this will increase revenue for the hotels in towns along the distribution line corridor. During operation phase, several people will be employed permanently as way leaf officers, switch yard managers and several other jobs associated with monitoring and maintenance of the distribution line on a monthly basis.
7.1.2 Creation of business opportunities During the study it was observed that business activity in most of the trading centres is buying and selling of agricultural produce especially during the designated market days. Bigger centers such as those mentioned in section 7.1.1 will be the key beneficiaries. These towns are rapidly and actively growing despite the fact that they don‟t have access to power currently. Consultations with the district authorities and community local leaders revealed that, lack of power is a limitation to a number of development opportunities in the area such as maize, coffee, rice and milk processing. It is hoped that when the power line is constructed, economic development as well as businesses in these trading centres will be boosted.
7.1.3 Improved access and delivery of health services Service delivery is anticipated to improve after power extension in the project area. Availability of power will ensure better storage and preservation of medical supplies and attendance to patients especially emergencies such as infants and expectant mothers. There is a high turnover of medical worker in areas that are considered remote because of lack of services such as power. The project is expected to enhance retention of health workers which in turn will ensure better service delivery. During the consultative meetings
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page128 with the local communities, it was expressed that lack of power in the project area is a constraint to service delivery specifically in the health and education sectors
7.1.4 Improved lighting Better lighting of trading centres, homes and community facilities will inevitably lead to improved standards of living for targeted communities. It was noted by communities that extension of power will enhance productivity in trading centres because then, people will be in position to work for longer hours as compared to now when no productive activity can be undertaken at night because of darkness. Security and safety is also likely to improve with better lighting.
7.1.5 Emergency of new rural growth centres It is anticipated that extension of power will lead to rapid growth of existing trading centers and emergency of new ones. In all the 4 districts visited during the study, it was noted that that the project is likely to lead to increased economic activities which are likely to stimulate growth and expansion of rural growth centers.
7.1.6 Enhanced gender and development The study established that, women are actively involved in farming and small scale trading activities, to supplement their incomes and it was noted that women own most stalls in the weekly markets. It is important to note that, to enhance the social benefits of the project, condition of women as a vulnerable group should be improved. Women will particularly benefit from the power extension through processing and or preserving their produce hence earning better. Tey will also open up small business like restaut=rants, saloons and phone chargig shops, to mention a few.
7.1.7 Reduction in post-harvest losses The project is expected to reduce post-harvest losses often incurred by farmer due to lack of processing facilities. In maize producing sub counties where the project will be extended, communities expressed that when the project is implemented they would hull and mill their produce before selling.
7.1.8 Increased Revenue to the government This power supply will generate revenue to the districts and the country in general. This will be in form of VAT on electricity and other taxes associated with power extension such as expanded and improved business opportunities in the project areas.
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page129
7.2 NEGATIVE IMPACTS
7.2.1 Impact evaluation and analysis This section assesses the level of potential negative impacts based on various criteria including severity of impacts, duration, geographical scope, and the existence of readily identifiable cost-effective mitigations. The impact assessment also takes into account the impacts identified by the stakeholders consulted. The methodology for impact evaluation was as follows:
(a) Extent: within limited area (<500m from site), local (up to 10 km) or wide (regional or global)
(b) Duration: Temporary (1 year), short term (1-5 years), Medium term (5 -10 years), Long term (> 10 years – 50yrs) or Permanent;
(c) Magnitude of impact: Low, Medium or High/Very high Very High (VH) and High (H): These denote that the impact is un-acceptable and further mitigation measures must be implemented to reduce the significance. Medium (M): Impacts in this region are considered tolerable but efforts must be made to reduce the impact to levels that are as low as reasonably practical. Low (L): Impacts in this region are considered acceptable.
(d) Probability of occurrence: Highly unlikely, Unlikely, Possible, Likely or Almost certain as presented in table 7.1 below.
Table 7.1: Likelihood of occurrence classification Probability of occurrence
Level Probability 5 Almost certain Expected to occur in most circumstances if controls are not applied. Could occur either immediately or within a short period of time (likely to occur most weeks or months) 4 Likely This impact will probably occur in most circumstances if controls are not applied (several times a year) 3 Possible This impact could occur at some time if controls are not applied (May happen every 1 to 2 years) 2 Unlikely This impact is not likely to occur. Known occurrence in distribution line activities (Could occur sometime in 2 to 5 years) 1 Highly unlikely This impact may only happen in exceptional circumstances. May have happened in the electricity (may happen every 5 to 30 years)
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page130
(e) Overall assessment of impact: Negligible, minor, moderate, substantial or severe as presented in Table 7.2 and Table 7.3 below.
Table 7.2: Criteria for rating overall impact severity (environmental parameters) Impact rating Description of impact Severe Highly noticeable, irreparable effect upon the environment. Significant, widespread and permanent loss of resource Major contribution to a known global environmental problem with demonstrable effects. Causing mortality to individuals of a species classified as globally or regionally endangered. Major exceedence of water/air quality and noise guidelines representing threat to human health in long and short term. Causing widespread nuisance both on and off site. Substantial Highly noticeable effects on the environment, difficult to reverse. Widespread degradation of resources restricting potential for further usage. Significant contribution to a known global environmental problem when compared with the industry world-wide. Sub-lethal effects upon a globally or regionally endangered species compromising reproductive fitness and/or resulting in long-term disruption/disturbance to normal behavior. Air quality/noise approaching occupational exposure limits. Water quality parameters approaching maximum stipulated values. Periodic widespread nuisance both on and off site. Moderate Noticeable effects on the environment, reversible over the long term. Localised degradation of resources restricting potential for further usage. Sub-lethal effects upon a globally or regionally endangered species with no effect on reproductive fitness and/or resulting in disruption/disturbance to normal behaviour returning to normal in the medium term. Elevated contribution to global air pollution problem partly due to preventable releases. Frequent breaches of water/air quality and noise guidelines. Causing localised nuisance both on and off site. Minor Noticeable effects on the environment, but returning naturally to original state in the medium term. Slight local degradation of resources but not jeopardising further usage. Disruption/disturbance to normal behaviour of a globally or regionally endangered species returning to normal in the short term. Small contribution to global air problem through unavoidable releases. Elevation in ambient water/air pollutant levels greater than 50% of guidelines. Infrequent localised nuisance. Negligible No noticeable or limited local effect upon the environment, rapidly returning to original state by natural action. Unlikely to affect resources to noticeable degree. No noticeable effects on globally or regionally endangered species. No significant contribution to global air pollution problem. Minor elevation in ambient water/air pollutant levels well below guidelines. No reported nuisance effects.
Table 7.3: Criteria for rating overall impact severity (social economic parameters)
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page131
Criteria Significance Definition
Potential to cause multiple fatalities or Severe widespread chronic health problems for many people
Harm to Potential; to cause fatalities, mutilations or Substantial People serious chronic health problems for up to 3 people Potential to cause Lost Time Incidents Moderate
Not likely to result in Lost Time Incidents Minor-Negligible
Extensive damage to infrastructure, possibly Severe including off-site structures Major damage to on-site infrastructure, halting Substantial operations and incurring substantial delay to supply replacement equipment Assets Minor damage to individual item of equipment for Moderate which a spare part or replacement can be quickly mobilized to the development Damage resolved by on-site reserves, Minor-Negligible maintenance equipment and on-site personnel Incident attracting international negative press Severe coverage causing lasting harm to corporate reputation, or for which the company could be prosecuted and fined a large amount of money Incident attracting critical reporting requiring the Substantial company to take measures to maintain its reputation, or for which the company could be Reputation prosecuted and receive a token fine or be required to pay compensation to third parties Incident attracting local news coverage and Moderate complaints, and which involves expense in engaging local communities to apologize, clarify issues and make amends Incident that does not provoke complaints Minor-Negligible
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page132
7.2.2 Other considerations in impact analysis In terms of phases involved, the environmental impacts of the proposed distribution line can be grouped under two major categories. These include impacts associated with construction of the power line and those associated with operation phase. However under IFC, the Environmental, Health, and Safety (EHS) guidelines are categorised as follows; (a) Environmental; (b) Occupational Health and Safety; (c) Community Health and Safety. Therefore, the discussion and presentation of impacts in this chapter has been based on the two major processes involved (construction and operation phases) as well as IFC Environmental, Health, and Safety (EHS) guidelines. Finally, a Leopold matrix has been used to analyse the interaction between the environment and the various activities of power line construction and operation.
7.2.3 CONSTRUCTION PHASE IMPACTS (ENVIRONMENTAL)
7.2.3.1 Loss of crops along the power distribution corridor The construction of the proposed REA lines will lead to destruction of crops that are within and in some cases outside or besides the power line corridor. The contractor together with the crew and equipment such as vehicles will cause sporadic destruction of crops during pitting and erecting of distribution poles. Access road construction in some areas, stringing and tensioning of conductors and movements may also damage crops.
The proposed power line traverses a series of maize, beans, cassava, bananas, sugarcanes, tea estates and several other crops in the affected villages in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono. Damage to subsistence farmlands is expected to be minor to moderate since the power line will be constructed in an already existing corridor.
Plate 7.1: A garden of beans, cassava and bananas along the power line corridor in Gomba and tea estates in Mukono district
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page133
Risk assessment matrix Impact Extent Magnitude Duration Probability of Overall occurrence Assessment Loss of crops along the Limited Medium Temporally Almost Minor distribution corridor area certain
Mitigation measures proposed Before carrying out valuation of the affected properties and crops, adequate sensitization meetings shall be conducted among all the affected persons to prepare them psychologically and to address any concerns at hand. RAP shall be developed and implemented by REA to ensure that affected property is compensated. As part of the RAP, a comprehensive property impact survey shall be conducted which shall indicate all affected properties within the way leave, their owners and the replacement costs. Valuation of such property shall be conducted by experienced valuers in association with the district land board and local leaders. As part of the RAP, a separate land survey shall be carried out for the permanently and partially affected land. All forms of compensation pertinent to loss of land shall be conducted in line with the provision of the Land Act. Prior to compensating the affected persons, adequate community sensitization meetings shall be carried out to ensure that the PAPs are aware of the entire program including visitation schedule per village, parish and or sub-county and how each PAP with be contacted and approached for payment. Prior to the compensation process, the Project Affected Persons (PAPs) shall be individually notified about the compensation amount to be paid. The PAPs may accept or refuse the compensation proposed depending on their expectations, market rates and damages incurred. Spousal consent shall be sought before any compensation is effeced to the affected households since that majority of food crops that form the bulk are women‟s crops with 80 % of the production labor provided by women themselves. This is vital to deter men i) taking over the proceeds from compensation since it is unlikely that women own the land ii) women being left without food for their families iii) failures in both the previous two cases likely to fuel gender based violence. The construction of the proposed REA lines shall only commence when all the affected farmers have been fully sensitized of the pending activities. Prior to the construction phase, farmers shall be sensitized on the pending project at least 1 month in advance such that cultivation under the line and within the Way leaves is stopped or reduced. This will give affected farmers ample time to plan in advance so as to avoid going into several negotiations with the Developer at later stage when the contractors have come in to implement the project. The contractor must be instructed to move in a definite order and the pattern of movement must follow the established corridor as agreed upon by the local
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page134
government authorities and the Developer. Movement of equipment (vehicles, contractors and the entire construction crew) must follow designated path ways or agreed upon access roads. This must be followed to avoid further destruction of crops by the contractor after compensation has already been effected.
7.2.3.2 Spot alteration of land use for agriculture, savanna grassland and other uses by distribution poles Erecting of distribution poles comes along with a new land use plan. Pole anchoring into the soil involves clearing of vegetation, excavation of soil and establishment of foundation with a surface area of 50 cm radius. The construction of hundreds of poles along the project areas will cause permanent spot alteration of land use at various pole sites. Therefore, anchoring of poles need to be well assessed by the contractor to avoid permanent destruction of sensitive ecosystems and areas of strong cultural significance if discovered.
Risk assessment matrix Impact Extent Magnitude Duration Probability of Overall occurrence Assessment Spot alteration of land use for Limited Low Permanent Almost Minor agriculture, savanna grassland area certain and other uses by distribution poles
Mitigation measures Detailed design for these lines shall as much as possible try to follow the road reserves of the existing public roads. This arrangement will limit the disturbance and impact of the new pole to the old site which is already normal and used to by the public and the PAPs. Pitting and anchoring of poles shall be done in consultation with district and local authorities to ensure that they are established in non-controversial areas. Access to pole sites and stringing of conductors shall be done with due care to avoid damage to fruit trees, crops and nearby homesteads. All lost or damaged crops or properties at pole sites must be compensated for in accordance with the approved RAP, national land law and the World Bank Safeguard Policies and specifically OP 4.12.
7.2.3.3 Impact on land in the power corridor REA does not permanently acquire way leaves from land lords although consent is officially obtained before the lines are constructed. The assumption is that the communities are in need of electricity and are willing to give in their land as part of their contribution towards rural electrification programmes. However, this is not always the case among all the affected communities. Some PAPs challenge this arrangement while others are willing to offer their land freely. Where the former arises, REA will continue to engage them for their free non coersed consent for access to their land.
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page135
Risk assessment matrix Impact Extent Magnitude Duration Probability of Overall occurrence Assessment Loss of land to the power Local Medium Long term Almost Moderate corridor certain
Mitigation measures REA shall engage all affected land owners and obtain consent before their land is used as way leave for the proposed rural electrification programme. Where the landlords object using their land without any compensation, REA shall obtain an alternative route for the proposed powerlines.
7.2.3.4 Loss of vegetation and terrestrial habitat alteration (private farmlands) The clearing of corridor, movement of equipment and contractor staff and anchoring of poles will lead to spot destruction of vegetation especially in areas under fallow and those planted with private wood Lots. These areas are mainly farmlands, savannah grasslands and woodlands. Biodiversity surveys carried out along the entire proposed distribution corridor show that the project area is heavily degraded and comprises mainly subsistence farmlands. At the time of the survey, about 70-90% of the power line segment has been turned into farmland of pineapples, passion fruits, beans, maize, bananas, cassava, sweet potatoes, sugarcane and tea plantations. The rest of the corridor is either land under fallow or homesteads. There were no endangered species (both flora & fauna) encountered in the proposed power line corridor. Although the systematic clearing of the 10 meter corridor will result into clearing of vegetation, the impact of the power line on the conservation status of the affected flora & ecosystems is expected to be Low. However, movements of the contractor and the entire crew may spread invasive species from one locality to another. Such species include paper mulberry, Lantana camara and others as listed in chapter 4. Therefore the impact of construction activities on the vegetation and animal habitats is expected to be Negligible to Minor.
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page136
Plate 7.2: Modified farm lands along the proposed project (Masaka district) Plate 7.2: Private farmlands in the project area
Risk assessment matrix Impact Extent Magnitude Duration Probability of Overall occurrence Assessment Loss of vegetation and Local Low Temporary Likely Negligible- terrestrial habitat alteration Minor
Mitigation measures . Movement of equipment (vehicles, contractors and the entire construction crew) must follow designated path ways or agreed upon access roads. This will avoid unintended damages to vegetation and animal habitats. The project shall be monitored by district and local authorities to ensure that when unplanned destruction of vegetation occurs during project implementation, The Developer is held accountable and will have to compensate for the loss appropriately. . The contractor shall work with the District Environment Officers to map out vegetation zones or project area segments with invasive species and to take up precautionary measures to avoid spreading the species to other zones. . The Developer and the contractor must guard against fires arising from campsites because the impact on vegetation and biological diversity can be immense especially in the savannah woodlands and grasslands. Therefore, the contractor must have a fire management plan in place. The contractor under the supervision of the local and district authorities shall adjust new distribution poles sites in accordance with the detailed design to avoid ecologically sensitive areas such as breeding sites for water fowls, water sources, nesting sites for birds and areas of strong cultural significance to the local people. . The Developer shall set aside funds to contribute towards local environmental programs. The Developer may remit funds towards district and sub-county afforestation projects to compensate for biomass lost during corridor clearing and habitat fragmentation.
7.2.3.5 Loss of vegetation and terrestrial habitat alteration (Central Forest Reserves) As discussed in chapter 4, the proposed project will impact 7 central forest reserves. These include Kitasi and Nabukonge in Masaka district, Jumbi, Nakalere and Nawandigi in Gomba/Butambala districts and Nandagi and Kifu in Mukono district. Although REA intends to use the road reserves of the public roads across these reserves, NFA has noted that this scenario is not always adhered to during construction. In several occasions, the construction engineers sometimes go beyond the road reserves in a bid to obtain straight lines. This has often resulted into forest destruction which was not anticipated for. According
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page137 to NFA such scenarios have been observed with REA projects in several forest reserves such as Budongo, Mujuzi, Bugoma and several others.
Risk assessment matrix Impact Extent Magnitude Duration Probability of Overall occurrence Assessment Loss of vegetation and Local Medium Temporary Likely Moderate terrestrial habitat alteration (CFRs)
Mitigation measures Construction works across Central Forest Reserves (CFRs) shall be undertaken with written permission from National Forestry Authority. All construction works across CFRs shall be undertaken with supervision from NFA‟s field staff in the affected reserves and or as recommended by NFA head office. REA shall compensate NFA of all damages incurred in the forest during construction. The compensation shall not only be computed basing on the value of trees and or vegetation lost but on the total value and functions of the forest lost. A competent person/specialist shall be hired by NFA to calculate loss.
7.2.3.6 Generation of Solid Waste The proposed project will come along with waste of various types. Waste will be generated during construction and anchoring of distribution poles and stringing of conductors. Such waste may include conductors (wires), insulators and other accessories associated with distribution lines. Organic waste will also be generated at temporally eating places such as food stuffs and human excreta. Plastics waste such as mineral water bottles, polythene bags (Kaveera), Jerricans, cups, plates and other plastic accessories may be found at the residential camps and along the power line corridor. Such waste needs to be handled reasonably and must not remain in the power line corridor. The impact of littering waste is likely to be Negligible-Minor since much of the waste is not expected to be hazardous or infectious.
Risk assessment matrix Impact Extent Magnitude Duration Probability of Overall occurrence Assessment Generation of Solid Waste Local Low Temporary Likely Negligible- Minor
Mitigation measures . All sorts of waste generated during construction such as conductors, insulators and other accessories associated with distribution lines shall be collected by the contractor and given to recycling facilities. Other forms of waste which are inert or
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page138
ceramic in nature such as insulators must be collected by NEMA gazetted waste handlers and taken to a NEMA gazetted waste disposal facilities for disposal. . All organic waste generated at labour campsites such as food stuffs shall be collected and transported by the contractor to designated Municipal and Town Council landfills in Masaka, Gomba and or Mukono respectively. This activity shall be supervised by the District Environment Officer and the supervising consultant. . All plastic waste generated at campsites and in the course of work such as mineral water bottles, polyethene bags, jerricans and cups shall be collected and given/sold either to the local people for re-using or taken for recycling in respective factories. . Human excreta shall be managed using a mobile toilet and then disposed in pit latrines or at the gazetted sewage treatment lagoons in Masaka or Gomba or Mukono.
7.2.3.7 Exposure to health hazards associated with Electric and Magnetic Fields (EMF) Humans are exposed to a wide variety of natural and man-made electric and magnetic fields. The earth‟s atmosphere produces slowly varying electric fields (about 0.1 to 10 kV/m), with a product of these fields being lightning. The earth‟s core produces a steady magnetic field, which ranges in strength from about 470 milliGauss (mG) to 590 mG over North America.
Table 7.4: Comparison of Electric and Magnet Fields Electric Fields Magnetic Fields
1. Produced by voltage (i.e., lamp 1. Produced by current (i.e., lamp plugged in but turned off) plugged in and turned on) 2. Measured in volts per metre (V/m) or 2. Measured in gauss (G) or tesla (T) 1 in kilovolts per metre (kV/m) milliGauss(mG) = 0.1 microtesla (μT) milli (m) = 1 thousandth micro (μ) = 1 millionth 3. Easily shielded (weakened) by 3. Not easily shielded (weakened) by conducting objects like trees and most material buildings 4. Reduced in strength with increasing 4. Reduced in strength with increasing distance from the source distance from the source Source: National Institute of Environmental Health Services and U.S. Department of Energy.1995. Questions and Answers about EMF. Washington, D.C.
EMFs from electrical distribution lines have extremely low frequencies and thus low energy levels. The energy levels are unable to break molecular bonds and thus are considered non-ionizing. Higher frequency fields, such as microwaves, have sufficient energy to cause heating in conductive materials but are still non-ionizing. The higher frequencies of x-rays and gamma rays have sufficient energy to cause ionization (breaking of molecular bonds).
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page139
High-energy ionizing radiation can, therefore, disrupt the molecular structure within cells. No adverse effects on human health and welfare can be expected from operation of the proposed facilities, either on the basis of EMF guidelines, or on the basis of conclusions reached by scientific review groups that have examined EMF studies reported in the scientific literature. The proposed project being a 33kv line, the EMF levels generated are expected to be negligible.
Risk assessment matrix Impact Extent Magnitude Duration Probability of Overall occurrence Assessment Exposure to health hazards Limited Low Permanent Highly Negligible- associated with Electric and area unlikely Minor Magnetic Fields (EMF)
Mitigation The distribution line will be designed and constructed to ensure that EMF levels are well below accepted guidelines for occupational and human health exposure limits. This is achieved by ensuring standard clearances from the ground. Government of Uganda‟s policy of keeping residences and other structures out of way leaves will minimize exposure of the general public to EMFs. The contractor will work with Community Development Officers (CDO) at sub-county levels to sensitise communities with in the vicinity of the distribution corridor about the possible dangers of living under distribution lines. No additional mitigation measures are required. EMF levels will be measured at representative cross- sections of the various distribution lines that are part of the system during initial full load operation. EMF levels are not expected to change with time, so further monitoring is not required.
7.2.3.8 Spillage of hazardous chemicals When a hazardous material is no longer usable for its original purpose and is intended for disposal, but still has hazardous properties, it is considered a hazardous waste. Hazardous materials in this sector include insulating oils / gases and fuels, in addition to chemicals or products for wood preservation for poles and associated wood construction material. Highly-refined, mineral insulating oils are used to cool transformers and provide electrical insulation between live components.
Risk assessment matrix Impact Extent Magnitude Duration Probability of Overall occurrence Assessment Spillage of hazardous Limited Medium Temporary possible Minor chemicals area
Mitigation measures
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page140
All transformer oils if any shall be stored in leak proof containers placed on concrete pads and later sent back to the service providers for recycling. Replacement of oil / hydraulic fluids in vehicles shall not be undertaken in sensitive areas, and used fluids such as old car engine oil shall be sent back to the service providers for recycling. All major vehicle repairs shall be conducted by qualified and experienced personnel at gazetted service centers (garages) away from the distribution corridor. All other forms of waste regardless of their hazardous properties such as plastics, polythene and others shall be collected out of the project site and disposed in gazetted NEMA waste disposal sites.
8.1.1.1 Disturbance and degeneration of wetlands and aquatic ecosystems The major wetlands that will be impacted by the proposed project include Wajali (950m), Musale (789m), Nsawo‟etoba (546m), Musambwa (410m) and a few others as presented in section 4.1.9. Anchoring of poles and uncoordinated movements in wetlands can destabilise the aquatic ecosystem and can increase total suspended solids community water sources. Generally, the main concern here is the short-term disturbance of wetlands during construction of temporary/permanent access tracks to pole sites. The construction of access roads in wetlands is likely to affect their hydrological functions if this is rendered necessary. The dominant vegetation species of the seasonal wetlands include Echinochloa pyramidalis, Loudetiasimplex, Cyperus spp., Fimbristylisdichotoma, Cissampelosmucronata, Leersiahexandra and Polygonumsalicifolium. Cyperuspapyrus, Phragmitesmauritiana, Phoenixreclinata were among the many species of permanent wetlands. In these wetland areas were also found patches of swamp forest vegetation and the species here included Phoenixreclinata, Albizia zygia, Maesopsis eminii, Macarangaschweinfurthii and Alchornea cordifolia. Swamp forest species were Phoenix reclinata, Acacia polyacantha, Blighia unijugata, Albizia grandibracteata among others.
However, no significant clearing will be necessary for operation or construction since most of these wetlands will be skipped by spanning the electricity conductors across them. Thus, no significant biological effects are expected. No Critical Habitat for endangered species will be affected by the project. However, exact pole locations will be determined on the ground at the time of construction (and in consultation with Wetlands Department), to minimize social and environmental impacts.
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page141
Plate 7.3: Community water source on some of the affected wetlands
Impact Extent Magnitude Duration Probability of Overall occurrence Assessment Disturbance and degeneration Local Medium Temporary Likely Moderate of wetlands and aquatic ecosystems
Mitigation measures The following mitigation measures will be used to minimize temporary disturbance of the wetland, and avoid permanent intrusion into the wetland areas: Construction works across wetlands will use existing road corridors for construction and operational access wherever possible. Where skipping of the impacted wetlands cannot be technically achieved, the alignment shall use small „peninsulas‟ off the existing road causeways, rather than constructing dedicated causeways to new pole sites in the middle of the wetland. Use of specialized construction techniques where necessary can also help to reduce such negative impacts. Where the route requires towers to be located in the swamp and in areas which cannot easily be accessed from existing roads or causeways, specialized construction techniques can be used to access the sites in a way that does not require permanent access ways to be built. It is envisaged that these techniques would include the use of temporary access ways, built from Terramats or similar structures, which would be removed after. Obtain wetland user permits from NEMA before constructing across or along wetlands and follow all guidelines given.
7.2.4 CONSTRUCTION PHASE IMPACTS (OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH&SAFETY)
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page142
7.2.4.1 Working at height on poles and structures Workers will be exposed to occupational hazards when working at elevation during construction, maintenance, and operation activities. Unless proper mitigation measures are put in place, accidental falling can be fatal and shall be prevented from happening.
Risk assessment matrix Impact Extent Magnitude Duration Probability of Overall occurrence Assessment Working at height on poles Within limited High Temporary Possible Moderate and structures area
Mitigation measures Test structures (especially poles) for integrity prior to undertaking work on them. Implement a fall protection program that includes training in climbing techniques and use of fall protection measures; inspection, maintenance, and replacement of fall protection equipment; and rescue of fall-arrested workers, among others. Establish a criteria for use of 100 percent fall protection (typically when working over 2 meters above the working surface, but sometimes extended to 7 meters, depending on the activity). The fall protection system shall be appropriate for the pole structure and necessary movements, including ascent, descent, and moving from point to point. Hoisting equipment shall be properly rated and maintained and hoist operators properly trained. Safety belts shall be of not less than 16 millimeters (mm) (5/8 inch) two-in-one nylon or material of equivalent strength. Rope safety belts shall be replaced before signs of aging or fraying of fibers become evident. When operating power tools at height, workers shall use a second (backup) safety strap. Signs and other obstructions should be removed from poles or structures prior to undertaking work; An approved tool bag should be used for raising or lowering tools or materials to workers on structures. All construction workers shall be provided with adequate Personal Protective Equipment (PPE).
7.2.4.2 Physical hazards Exposure to physical hazards from use of heavy equipment and cranes, falling objects, work in confined spaces and exposure to hazardous materials can cause fatal or serious injuries to construction workers and the community. Cables under high tension may break, or sag resulting in injury. Clothing or limbs can also become entangled in cables or equipment resulting in injury. Generally, exposure to electrical hazards from the use of tools and machinery is the major concern in this regard.
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page143
Risk assessment matrix Impact Extent Magnitude Duration Probability of Overall occurrence Assessment Physical hazards Within limited High Temporary Possible Moderate area
Mitigation measures Only trained and certified workers shall be allowed to install, maintain, or repair electrical equipment. All construction workers shall be provided with adequate Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). All drivers to be employed by the contractor and the Developer shall be qualified, skilled with valid driving permits. Traffic guides/flag men shall guide traffic and ensure road safety especially where road users are risk of being injured by construction equipment or sagging wires. Temporary road signage warning communities of power line construction works and heavy vehicles turning into/out of main road and sensitive sites shall be provided.
7.2.5 CONSTRUCTION PHASE IMPACTS (COMMUNITY HEALTH & SAFETY)
7.2.5.1 Psychological impacts Psychological impacts such as stress, trauma, shock and fear are associated with displacement and resettlement. It was discovered that there is a lot of fear and uncertainty associated with the proposed project. This was critically expressed by those individuals whose structures are assumed to be within the power line corridor. Some of the affected people don‟t seem to be conversant with the land law and consequently compensation guidelines. The affected people seem to be in a state of uncertainty and need to be guided on the law. When people are not guided properly, they normally convert their fear and stress into organised rebellion and this can curtail the project.
Risk assessment matrix Impact Extent Magnitude Duration Probability of Overall occurrence Assessment Psychological impacts Local Medium Temporary Almost Moderate certain
Mitigation measures . Using several avenues including local and national media such as radio stations, TVs and sensitization meetings, all affected peoples‟ fears need to be addressed prior to compensation. . The Developer needs to inform the public that Resettlement if any and compensation of Project-Affected People will be carried out in compliance with Ugandan legislation, and WB OP 4.12.
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page144
7.2.5.2 Exploitation of Workers Projects of such nature are normally labour intensive and need a multidisciplinary team of workers ranging from professionals, semi-skilled and casual labourers. Several workers will be contracted for corridor clearing, supply of aggregates or murrum, sand, food staffs, and construction of access roads where applicable. Some Engineers (Electrical & possibly Civil) will be contracted during line construction and operation. All staff under the contractor or under the Developer need to be procured under well-established working procedures and must be protected from exploitation.
Risk assessment matrix Impact Extent Magnitude Duration Probability of Overall occurrence Assessment Exploitation of Workers Local High Temporary Possible Moderate
Mitigation measures While recruiting workers especially to fill up the non-skilled nature of jobs such as casual jobs or where skills can be obtained easily on job, the Developer or Contractor shall give the local people first priority. All staff shall be procured under a well-recognized contract In the employment contracts, workers shall be entitled to work for 8 hours beyond which overtime will be paid. All workers shall be given appointment letters indicating their obligations as employees. All workers shall be entitled to free medical care if the cause of the injury or sickness is as result of working at the distribution line or any activities of the Contractor or Developer. All contract workers must be paid as per the contract. All casual labourers must receive a fair days pay for a fair days work done. Exploitation of workers and refusal to pay workers is an offence and the contractor must be monitored to ensure that all workers are paid. All workers must be paid promptly and correctly. Workers need to be sensitized of their rights and need to be represented by a mediator in the affected districts through the office of the labour officer. The company shall employ preferably an onsite Environment Health and Safety Officer with a Safety Committee in place.
7.2.5.3 Impact on Physical Cultural Property Some cultural properties as highlighted in chapter 4 exist in the project area. Although most of the major cultural sites identified are quite far from the line, there is likelihood that some graves may be encountered under the line. During construction, new people may come into the project area as skilled labour force, from different tribes, religions and
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page145 cultural practices. These may introduce new norms, cultural practices and behaviours to the community which may be regarded unacceptable by the host communities. Such practices may dilute/distort the shared beliefs, customs, values and language of the local community and can result into social disharmony. In general, the impact on culture and cultural property will be minor since only a few of the existing cultural property (especially graves) are likely to be affected.
Risk assessment matrix Impact Extent Magnitude Duration Probability of Overall occurrence Assessment Impact on Physical Cultural Within limited Medium Temporary Possible Minor Property area
Mitigation Structures like shrines if any and graves will be relocated in accordance with the existing rituals and norms of the society. Loss of incomes shall also be compensated for since the owners may take some time without any income from them especially if it‟s deemed necessary to relocate them far from their original site due to cultural rituals involved. Details of compensation shall be contained in the RAP. Sites that are buried may be discovered during project implementation. Such discoveries of archaeological nature are termed as ‘archaeological chance finds’. These could be concentrations of pottery, animals and human bones, worked stone etc. Chance Find Procuredures as per the ESMF shall be adhered to. The following are the procedures:
a) On discovering evidence of possible scientific, Paleontological, historical, prehistoric, or archaeological remains, the contractor shall notify the Department of Museums and Monuments giving the location and nature of the finds. b) The Contractor shall cease work in the vicinity of the site and request the responsible officer from the Department of Museums and Monuments to inspect the site and make recommendation on possible salvage within 72 hours. c) The Contractor shall exercise care so as not to damage artefacts or fossils uncovered during excavation operations and shall provide such cooperation and assistance as may be necessary to preserve the findings. d) The department of Museums and Monuments is located in Kampala, Kamwokya just before Uganda Wild Life Authority on the road to Ntinda (Kira road). The Commissioner Uganda Museum can be contacted on +256 772485624. A detailed chance find procedure has been presented in section 8.2.
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page146
To mitigate damage to archaeological resources, it is proposed that the construction foremen will inform construction crew to be aware of the possibility of discovering fossils or archaeological remains, what form these would take (bones, fossils in rock, shards or pottery, arrow heads etc.) and the procedure to be followed shall be as stated above. Further still, the contractor shall develop and implement avoidance procedures. In the event of human remains, there shall be no further excavations or disturbance of the site until the responsible police authorities have been informed.
7.2.5.4 Interference with traffic and diminished road safety The proposed project will cut across several access roads within the project areas as presented in project maps in chapter 1 and 4. With the understanding that the power lines will be constructed along the road reserves of the existing public roads, the impact of construction works on road safety can be a major challenge. Unless proper mitigation measures are put in place, stringing across and along these roads could result into critical interferences with traffic or accidents. It‟s therefore necessary that key precautions be undertaken at such road crossing to avoid accidents and impairing traffic activities.
Plate7.5: Some of the project area roads whose road reserves will host the proposed power lines
Risk assessment matrix Impact Extent Magnitude Duration Probability of Overall occurrence Assessment Interference with traffic and Within limited Very high Temporary Possible Substantial diminished road safety area
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page147
Mitigation measures To minimize interference with traffic, stringing across roads and high ways shall be conducted in hours with less traffic preferably at night or on weekends. Conspicuous notices shall be well placed on roads and guides on ground shall direct traffic in case of diversions or lose/sagging conductors and cables. The contractor will have to notify traffic police in advance and work with it during stringing across high ways and other major roads. All company vehicles used in the transportation of construction workers, material and equipment to and away from the site shall be in sound mechanical conditions. Evidence shall always be provided by recording the status of the vehicle in the Daily Vehicle Inspection Form (Annex 3) before usage. All drivers to be employed by the Developer or Contractor shall be qualified, skilled with valid driving permits . 7.2.5.5 Public Health concerns This project is expected to attract various categories of people who will seek employment on project activities during construction. It is apparent that part of the labour force will be procured and housed in lodges and houses among the locals. Some of these will be local labour while others will come from places far away from the project site. Those who will come from far are unlikely to be accompanied by their spouses. Many local people will also participate in providing services to workers. This will cause the establishment of social networks, which can promote the spread of socially transmitted diseases especially HIV/AIDS and other STIs. Currently, there is sporadic outbreak communicable diseases in some districts of Uganda such as Cholera and others. According to the community, HIV/AIDS scares them most. Pressure on the existing health services is likely to increase. Although not many skilled workers are expected, the impacts of diseases have a multiplier negative effect. Garbage and human wastes generated by workers, if not properly managed may compromise water quality and may cause water related diseases in the area. The impact on health services and the health of the residents is likely to be minor to moderate since the number of imported workers may be less than 30 in each Lot.
Risk assessment matrix Impact Extent Magnitude Duration Probability of Overall occurrence Assessment Public Health concerns Local High Short – Possible Moderate medium term
Mitigation The developer will provide workers with protective gears/wears during construction work to prevent injury.
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page148
Workers and the community shall be sensitized on protective behaviour and practices during work by distributing appropriate education materials to workers and the surrounding community. . The developer will establish a first aid facility at the construction sites to treat injury cases whenever they occur. . The Contractor shall develop and implement an HIV prevention and management Plan. . High risk groups such as the youths especially students shall be continuously sensitized on the dangers of casual sex, consequences of early marriages, teenage pregnancy and monitored to ensure that such groups are not at risk of falling victims. . Provide surveillance and active screening and treatment of workers and the community where a communicable disease is discovered. . All impacts of public health nature shall be mitigated using a well-coordinated approach that must involve health units in the affected sub-counties including collaborations with local NGOs involved in similar activities to pool resources (especially human resources) and increase efficiency of mitigation measures being instituted. . Excessive alcohol abuse shall be discouraged as a company policy among power line construction workers. . The contractor and subcontractors ought to have adequate sanitation facilities for the workers at both places of residences and at all work places. . The contractor or subcontractors shall procure a secure and descent accommodation for all staff either through renting the existing structures in the project area or by constructing new houses in consultation with REA and local authorities.
7.2.5.6 Impact on schools and learning process A number of schools are fairly close to the road reserve and during construction activities are likely to impact on the learning process. Noise from hole excavation activities and pole erection will disrupt the learning process because these schools are all within the vicinity of the project area. The noise from the works site especially when construction is near the schools will disrupt the concentration of students. There is also a probability of occurrence of accidents in locations near schools. Male workers could lure school girls with money and other gifts which could make them drop out of school. School attendance is also likely to be affected as some children might decide to skip school so as to earn money from the project while others may spend time simply watching power line construction works. This is a highly sensitive impact of moderate magnitude because its duration is short term.
Risk assessment matrix Impact Extent Magnitude Duration Probability of Overall occurrence Assessment Impact on schools and learning Local Medium Temporary Likely Moderate
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page149
Impact Extent Magnitude Duration Probability of Overall occurrence Assessment process
Mitigation measures • Schools shall be sensitized on the need to keep off construction sites. • Workers to be instructed to observe silence while working across sections of schools. • The contractor shall not employ any person below 18 years and any pupil or student above 18 shall not be employed during school time. Students above 18 years can be employed only during holidays.
7.2.5.7 Potential child abuse The proposed project traverses areas with a number of schools and settlements and it is likely that some project workers could engage in sexual relations with school and under aged children. This could result in increase in child pregnancy/marriage, sex work involving children and school dropout, defilement of school children/marrying school girls. In addition, during the construction phase contractors could be tempted to use children as laborers in order to save money on labour costs, which amounts to child labour and abuse. Sensitivity is medium due to relative public awareness about child abuse which makes the overall impact significance substantial.
Risk assessment matrix Impact Extent Magnitude Duration Probability of Overall occurrence Assessment Potential child abuse Limited Very high Medium Possible Substantial area term
Mitigation measures • A child protection plan will be developed by REA and provided to all the contractors and school management to discourage the contractors from using children as laborers. In addition, contractors will be required to avoid employing workers who are below eighteen years old. They will also be required to keep records that show the ages of their workers. • Ensure that the community and local leadership have access to and know of and report abuse using the national child abuse hotline 611. The existence of the hotline can be displayed throughout near the construction site and in the community at large. • The contractor shall ensure that mechanisms for close monitoring of worker‟s behaviour/conduct are in place e.g. contractor could discreetly engage the police to identify anonymous informers from among the workers to monitor and report any negative behaviour by the workers including child abuse related misconduct,
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page150
display a call line or suggestion box where the community can provide feedback on workers behaviour. • REA and the contractor shall ensure that all local leaders and women/child representatives are fully oriented to the labour force related risks for children engaging in construction related activities. • Talks with the contractor and his workforce by relevant guests (including the police) on child protection shall be encouraged and appropriately scheduled, including continuous popularization of the child help line 611. Parents/guardians shall be sensitized and held accountable for children leaving and arriving home before dark. • Any person involved in child abuse shall be dealt with in accordance with the law.
7.2.5.8 Gender concerns The proposed power line construction is likely to attract women who will be employed as labourers. During employment and execution of their duties, it is likely that their sexual rights as women will be abused by educe and unchecked sexual behaviors of contractors and their workers. Impacts relating to women will include issues like gender based discrimination such as denial of employment opportunities, gender violence when husband forcefully demand their wives pay or husbands drinking compensation packages from REA instead of sharing it with their households. Other potential negative impacts on women include exposure to HIV/AIDS and STIs and increased sexual exploitation of young girls which will likely lead to unwanted pregnancies, drop-out from school. These are large negative impacts which are of medium significance and magnitude making the overall impact moderate. These are proposed to be mitigated through the following measures:
Risk assessment matrix Impact Extent Magnitude Duration Probability of Overall occurrence Assessment Gender concerns Local Medium Temporary Likely Moderate
Mitigation measures • Workers will be sensitized on their sexual rights. REA shall Work with the contractor on establishing zero tolerance policies and codes of conduct related to violence against women and girls (VAWG). All employees must be made aware of the zero tolerance policy and codes of conduct for employees. • All workers shall receive adequate briefing and education on the laws against defilement and other sexual offences. • To the extent possible, there will be gender sensitivity in task allocation; • The contractor shall conduct gender sensitization to the work force on matters such as gender sensitive communication and on the gender sensitive conduct of workers towards women including putting in place toilets segregated by gender amongst others and;
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page151
• There will be a Specialist (Social Specialist) to oversee amongst others gender mainstreaming in the project.
7.2.5.9 Disruption of social order The proposed project construction activities will inevitably emit dust to the immediate neighborhood. The most prominent social concern cited in meetings at all levels was the use of vulgar language by construction workers. This they said is not culturally acceptable because it embarrasses people before their children, in laws, spouses and friends. This impact is highly sensitive but of medium magnitude because it lasts during construction which makes the overall impact moderate.
Risk assessment matrix Impact Extent Magnitude Duration Probability of Overall occurrence Assessment Disruption of social order Local Medium Temporary Likely Moderate
Mitigation Measures • The construction activities shall as much as possible be restricted to daytime only when noise pollution is least felt. No activities will be allowed on site beyond 7.00 pm in order to check on the noise pollution much felt at night. • A code of conduct shall be put in place and shall be followed by the workforce to avoid causing unnecessary inconvenience to the community through use of vulgar language • A clause shall be included in the contract stating clear course of action where the contractor breeches this code. Each employee shall be required to sign a Code of Conduct.
7.2.5.10 Increased crime, drug abuse and prostitution The influx of workers, typically young males seeking construction jobs will be associated with a series of social challenges such as crime, alcoholism/illicit drug abuse and prostitution. These are often related to the spread of sexually transmitted diseases including HIV/AIDS. Vices such as drug abuse and prostitution would affect social coherence and security in project communities tarnishing the image and intent of an otherwise good project. Unless sensitization of all workers is undertaken by contractor, the likelihood of the impact occurring is medium (considering some level of awareness among general populace).
Risk assessment matrix Impact Extent Magnitude Duration Probability of Overall occurrence Assessment Increased crime, drug abuse Local Medium Temporary Likely Moderate and prostitution
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page152
Mitigation • The contractor shall involve local (LC) leaders in labour recruitment to ensure that people hired have no criminal record. • The local content provision shall be emphasised to minimize labour requirements needed from outside the community. • Local governments and the contractor shall collaborate with police to contain criminal activities.
7.2.6 OPERATION PHASE IMPACTS
7.2.6.1 Overview Once the distribution line has been constructed, the environmental impacts associated with the operation phase will be minimum. It shall be noted that such impacts may not be mitigated fully but could be reduced by promoting strategies that deter people and wildlife from coming closer to the line. The following impacts will be associated with the operation phase;
7.2.6.2 Change in area aesthetics The proposed power lines are expected to cumulatively contribute to the change in beauty of the natural scenic view of the project areas. However, the assumption is that since people are eager to receive power and most of them are used to seeing distribution poles and lines in other areas, this impact will be negligible. This impact is regarded as minor and further mitigation measures are not proposed.
7.2.6.3 Impact on birds Birds sitting on the power line poles and or conducting cables are killed if they cause short circuits (short circuit between energised cables). In flight, birds can collide into the cables of lines because cables are often difficult to see. In most cases, the impact of collision leads to immediate death or fatal injuries and mutilations. Birds migrating at night are at high risk or those flying under unfavourable conditions like fog, rainfall and strong winds. Fortunately, the project is not located in a bird sensitive area. Besides, consultations with the local community did not reveal that birds are killed by the existing power lines in the connected trading centres. Power lines constructed along the road reserve are considered much safer for birds since the noise distractions from vehicles and other forms of traffic deter birds from living closer to the road. In design of distribution lines, power lines with upright insulators are considered a high risk to birds compared to suspended insulators as illustrated in Figure 7.1 below. Therefore, detailed design for the lines may opt to take such concerns into consideration if the suggestions are technically viable.
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page153
High risk structures Low risk structures
Transmission lines constructed on pre-stressed Poles with suspended insulators are fairly safe concrete or metal or wooden poles with upright provided the distance between a likely perch insulators are widely used and risk as the most (cross arm) is at least 60cm. conductors should dangerous of all types. The gap between the be spaced at least 140cm apart. cables and the cross arm is small
Figure 7.1: Distribution line design and the safety of birds
7.2.6.4 Physical hazards After construction, the line will remain a physical hazard to the maintenance crew and the community. Accidental falling of a pole could damage buildings and cause irreparable harm to people. Poles can fall due to age or from wind storms accompanied by falling trees or branches. Accidental touching of the cables by the community or operation crew is fatal since electrocution impact at 33kV would kill such a culprit instantly. Therefore tampering with the line shall be avoided.
Mitigation measures Only trained and certified workers shall be allowed to install, maintain, or repair electrical equipment along the line; Deactivate and properly ground live power distribution lines before work is performed on, or in close proximity, to the lines; Ensure that live-wire work is conducted by trained workers with strict adherence to specific safety and insulation standards. Qualified or trained employees working on distribution or distribution systems shall be able to achieve the following; Distinguish live parts from other parts of the electrical system
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page154
Determine the voltage of live parts Understand the minimum approach distances outlined for specific live line voltages Ensure proper use of special safety equipment and procedures when working near or on exposed energized parts of an electrical system Workers shall not approach an exposed energized or conductive part even if properly trained unless: The worker is properly insulated from the energized part with gloves or other approved insulation; or, The energized part is properly insulated from the worker and any other conductive object; or, The worker is properly isolated and insulated from any other conductive object (live- line work). Where maintenance and operation is required within minimum setback distances, specific training, safety measures, personal safety devices, and other precautions shall be defined in a health and safety plan. All maintenance workers shall be provided with adequate Personal Protective Equipment (PPE).
7.2.6.5 Vegetation clearing Vegetation clearing and corridor maintenance is a continuous process to prevent trees from obstructing and or falling on power lines. Clearing of vegetation has already been discussed and will be mitigated once using the measures stipulated in section 7.2.3.4 and 7.2.3.5. After that, no further mitigation of cleared vegetation will be required.
7.2.6.6 Induced development Induced development can be a positive as well as negative. If not planned to conform to local physical plans, it can lead to urban sprawl and slums with attendant vices such as prostitution, drug abuse and social ills of low quality housing and public health risks. This impact might likely occur at any of the trading centres earmarked to benefit from this project as presented in chapter 4.2. Slums and urban sprawl due to unplanned induced development are negative and long-term impacts that are costly to reverse. If it occurred, duration of this impact would be long-term and its likelihood of occurrence high considering laxity and limited capacity of local government administrations in enforcing requirements for proper physical planning. Vices such as prostitution and drug abuse associated with slums lead to long-term societal degeneration. This together with low quality housing and public health risks make this impact be of high significance.
Risk assessment matrix Impact Extent Magnitude Duration Probability of Overall occurrence Assessment Induced development Limited High Long term Possible Substantial
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page155
Impact Extent Magnitude Duration Probability of Overall occurrence Assessment area
Mitigation measure: • Although REA has limited mandate in mitigating the above impact, REA can coordinate with the Local governments of Masaka, Butambala, Gomba and Mukono district local governments to develop physical plans for their towns where none exist to ensure planned development. • Where physical plans are in place, these shall be enforced/ implemented to avoid unplanned development in trading centres traversed by the power line.
7.2.6.7 Failure to undertake a good Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) During consultations, several requests were suggested by the surrounding community and the Developer may consider looking into some of these issues in future. A good CSR is vital because it improves project acceptance by the surrounding community and eventually prolongs its longevity. The following requests were suggested by the community and the Developer may consider reviewing them in future; a) Local people shall be given first priority while recruiting workers especially unskilled laborers b) All villages that are traversed by the existing the project lines are urgently in need of electricity supply. The Developer could liaise with UMEME to install a transformer and a few distribution lines in these areas. c) Other requests included rehabilitating existing schools, health centers and water sources.
Risk assessment matrix Impact Extent Magnitude Duration Probability of Overall occurrence Assessment Failure to undertake good CSR Limited Medium Medium Possible Moderate area term
Mitigation measures REA shall conduct a needs assessment that shall be based on to extend services to the community. REA shall communicate well to the surrounding community by establishing a community liaison system with in which grievances and assistances can be channeled. The committees shall be two; one elected and or appointed from the community by the community and the other appointed by the company from the company to improve communication and grievance redress mechanism.
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page156
7.2.6.8 Failure to conduct Environmental audits In accordance with the National Environment Act, the Developer shall submit annual environmental audits to NEMA to check or verify compliance with the proposed mitigation measures and also to assess how new or emerging impacts have been addressed.
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page157
8 SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING PLAN
8.1 GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS The Environment and Social management and monitoring plan proposed in table 8.1 specifies mitigation measures and monitoring actions with time frames, specific responsibilities assigned and follow-up actions defined in order to check progress and the resulting effects on the environment by the construction works of the project. Monitoring shall begin right away and shall continue through both the construction stage and through to the operation phase. One important aspect of monitoring shall be to assess the effectiveness of the mitigation measures suggested. Where they are found lacking, appropriate new actions to mitigate any adverse effects shall be undertaken.
Implementations of these measures have to be carried out at different stages of project construction & operation phases. During the detailed design stage, the consultant shall incorporate proposed mitigation measures in the design and tender documents. The contractual agreement shall also include articles to enforce the environmental issues. Construction stage activities are mainly the responsibility of the contractor and that of the construction supervision consultant. The actual physical implementation works are carried out mostly at this stage. The execution of construction works for proposed REA lines under package 2, Lot 4, 5 & 6 shall also equally treat the implementation of the physical works of environmental mitigation measures.
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page158
Table 8.1: Environmental and Social Management and monitoring Plan
Environmental and Social Management and Monitoring Plan for the Pre-Construction Phase Environmental Mitigation measures Responsible Site of Optimal Timing Monitoring Party Cost in US & social impact party/Implementer implementation for indicators responsible dollars (who) (Where) implementation for monitoring (When) Psychological Using several REA -Along the During design of Number of -REA 20,000 impacts avenues including proposed the distribution sensitization -LC associated local and national distribution line before any meetings Committees with wayleave media such as radio line construction -Affected conducted per acquisition & stations, TVs and -In the work Local speculation sensitization affected sub- commences village. governments meetings, all affected counties peoples‟ fears need to be addressed prior to compensation Possible Land Ensure that there is -REA Along the During design, -Number of -Supervising To be acquisition no land take by -Contractor distribution acquisition and complaints on consultant determined constructing -Supervising corridor construction of land matters -LC by the distribution lines Consultant the distribution -Actual land Committee RAP along the road line taken -Affected reserve. Should it be local inevitable to acquire governments land, then the PAP shall be compensated appropriate Loss of crops RAP shall be -REA -Along the During design -Number of -Supervising To be within developed and -Supervising wayleave and acquisition people consultant determined construction implemented by REA Consultant -Any other site of the wayleave. compensated -LC by the corridor to ensure that to be acquired -Number of Committee RAP affected property is for purposes complaints -Affected compensated of constructing unrespect of local the powerline compensation governments
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page159
Environmental and Social Management Monitoring and Plan for the Construction Phase Environmental Mitigation Responsible Site of Optimal Timing for Monitoring Party Cost in US & social measures party/Implementer implementation implementation indicators responsible dollars impact (who) (Where) (When) for monitoring Loss of crops RAP shall be -REA -Along the During design, -Number of -Supervising To be within developed and wayleave acquisition of the people consultant determined construction implemented by -Contractor -Any other site wayleve and compensated -LC by the corridor REA to ensure to be acquired construction of the -Number of Committee RAP that affected -Supervising to be acquired powerline complaints on -Affected property is consultant by contractor compensation local compensated governments Spot alteration -Detailed design -REA Along the Continuous during Number of -REA To be of land use for for the powerline wayleave construction complaints in -Supervising determined agriculture, shall as much as -Contractor respect of pole consultant by the savanna possible try to locations -LC RAP grassland and follow road -Supervising Committee other uses by reserves. consultant -Affected distribution -Placement of local poles poles shall be governments done in consultation with local authorities to avoid controversial sites. -Where anchoring of poles & stringing of conductors will result in crop damage, the affected PAPs shall be compensated Loss of -Pay adequate -Contractor Along the Monthly during Area under -REA To be vegetation compensation for wayleave construction private forestry -Supervising determined and terrestrial trees lost to the -Supervising cleared for consultant by the habitat wayleave inline consultant powerline - RAP alteration with the approved construction NEMA/District (private land) RAP, National environment requirements and officer
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page160
Environmental Mitigation Responsible Site of Optimal Timing for Monitoring Party Cost in US & social measures party/Implementer implementation implementation indicators responsible dollars impact (who) (Where) (When) for monitoring Worldbank safeguard policy OP 4.12 - Movement of equipment (vehicles, contractors and the entire construction crew) shall follow designated path ways or agreed upon access roads. Loss of -Compensate NFA -Contractor Along the At the time of -Number of -REA To be vegetation for all trees, wayleave crossing Central trees cut. -Supervising determined and terrestrial vegetation and -Supervising Forest Reserve -Presence of a consultant by the habitat forest benefits lost Consultant forest - RAP alteration to the wayleaves valuation NEMA/District (Central in all the affected -NFA report. environment Forest Central Forest -Concerns officer Reserves) Reserves and in from NFA -NFA accordance with the forest valuation report which shall be developed in consultation with NFA. Generation of -Recycle all -Contractor In the project Continuous during -Presence of -REA 30,000 solid waste metallic waste; area construction waste bins at -Inert and all -Supervising campsites and -Supervising hazardous waste Consultant or consultant shall be handled workstations by a NEMA -Presence of - registered waste mobile toilets NEMA/District management at camps environment
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page161
Environmental Mitigation Responsible Site of Optimal Timing for Monitoring Party Cost in US & social measures party/Implementer implementation implementation indicators responsible dollars impact (who) (Where) (When) for monitoring company sites. officer -All organic waste -Presence of shall be disposed delivery notes -LC at the municipal for all forms of Committee landfills at waste Masaka, Gomba generated and -Affected or Mukono; disposed local -All plastic waste during governments shall be sent back construction. to factories for recycling; -Human excreta shall be managed by a mobile toilet and later disposed in local pit latrines or lagoons at Masaka, Gomba, Mukono or nearby gazetted waste disposal sites Spillage of -All transformer -Contractor Project area Monthly during -Number of -REA 25,000 hazardous oils if any shall be construction vehicle chemicals stored in leak -Supervising servicing -Supervising Consultant receipts for consultant proof containers contractors placed on vehicles. - concrete pads and - Presence or NEMA/District later sent back to absence of environment the service hazardous officer providers for chemicals or recycling. containers in -LC the project Committee -All major vehicle area repairs shall be -concerns conducted by from the local qualified and leaders. experienced
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page162
Environmental Mitigation Responsible Site of Optimal Timing for Monitoring Party Cost in US & social measures party/Implementer implementation implementation indicators responsible dollars impact (who) (Where) (When) for monitoring personnel at gazetted service centers (garages) away from the distribution corridor. Disturbance -For major -REA Along the During construction -Physical -REA 90,000 and wetlands such as -Contractor wayleave appearance of -Supervising degeneration Wajali, Musale wetlands after consultant of wetlands -Supervising construction - and others, obtain and aquatic Consultant -Concerns NEMA/District ecosystems wetland user from the local environment permits from community, officer NEMA before Wetlands -LC constructing department Committee across or along and or NEMA -Wetlands wetlands. department -Where spanning across a wetland is not feasible, construct access to pole sites using temporary peninsulas or specialized access ways such as terramts. Working at -Test structures -REA Along the During construction Presence of -REA 30,000 height on (especially poles) wayleaves adequate and poles and for integrity prior to -Contractor especially at appropriate -Supervising structures undertaking work pole sites Consultant PPE. on them. -Supervising -Implement a fall Consultant protection Presence of a program that fall protection includes training in programme. climbing
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page163
Environmental Mitigation Responsible Site of Optimal Timing for Monitoring Party Cost in US & social measures party/Implementer implementation implementation indicators responsible dollars impact (who) (Where) (When) for monitoring techniques and use of fall Qualification protection and measures. competence of -All construction the workers shall be contractor‟s provided with staff. adequate Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). Physical -All construction -REA Project area During construction Qualification of -Contractor 25,000 hazards workers shall be the contractor provided with -Contractor -Supervising adequate Presence of Consultant Personal -Supervising adequate PPE Protective Consultant --LC Equipment (PPE) Qualifications Committee -Only trained and of all drivers certified workers -Traffic police shall be allowed to Presence of install, maintain, or flag men and repair electrical road signs at equipment. road crossing -All drivers to be points employed by the contractor and the Developer shall be qualified, skilled with valid driving permits. -Traffic guides/flag men shall guide traffic and ensure road safety especially where road users are risk
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page164
Environmental Mitigation Responsible Site of Optimal Timing for Monitoring Party Cost in US & social measures party/Implementer implementation implementation indicators responsible dollars impact (who) (Where) (When) for monitoring of being injured by construction equipment or sagging wires. Exploitation of -For unskilled -REA At all work Before -Number of -REA 10,000 Workers jobs, give the local stations contracting/recruiting local people first priority -Contractor workers during working with -Supervising construction the contractor Consultant -Procure all staff -Supervising -Presence of under a well- Consultant written --LC recognised contracts for Committee contract all employees. -Workers shall be -Evidence that given appointment all workers are letters indicating paid in accordance their obligations as with their employees. respective -All workers to be contracts and employed in on time. accordance with -Number the provisions of Concerns of the Employment complaints from workers and Occupational Safety and Health Acts of 2006.
Impact on Relocate shrines -Contractor Project area During construction -Number of -REA To be Physical and graves in graves and or determined Cultural accordance with -Supervising shrines -Supervising by the Property the existing rituals Consultant affected and Consultant RAP and norms of the relocated affected society. -LC -Concerns Committee Chance finds shall from the local be handled in community -Community
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page165
Environmental Mitigation Responsible Site of Optimal Timing for Monitoring Party Cost in US & social measures party/Implementer implementation implementation indicators responsible dollars impact (who) (Where) (When) for monitoring accordance with Development the chance find Officer procedure in this report.
All imported staff shall be reported to the Local Leaders. They will be briefed, guided and shall be expected to abide by the bylaws of the villages where works on the distribution line will be on-going. Interference -Stringing across -Contractor Project area As need arises -Number of -Contractor 30,000 with traffic and roads and high especially during construction accidents or diminished ways shall be -Supervising where near misses in -Supervising road safety Consultant interference Consultant conducted in records. with traffic is hours with less likely. -Traffic police traffic preferably at -Concerns night or on from the local weekends. leaders -Conspicuous community notices shall be well placed on roads and guides on ground shall direct traffic in case of diversions or lose/sagging conductors and
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page166
Environmental Mitigation Responsible Site of Optimal Timing for Monitoring Party Cost in US & social measures party/Implementer implementation implementation indicators responsible dollars impact (who) (Where) (When) for monitoring cables. -Ensure all company vehicles are in sound mechanical conditions. -Employ only drivers with valid driving permits and experience. Public Health -Workers will be -REA Project area During construction -Number of -REA 50,000 concerns sensitized on health protective -Contractor awareness -Supervising behaviour and Consultant trainings practices during -Supervising work. Consultant undertaken -District local -Monitor among staff governments communities and the local during high-risk community. seasons to detect -Records of and treat cases. training and -Excessive alcohol sensitization of abuse shall be the workers. discouraged as a -Presence of company policy. company policy prohibiting abuse of alcohol & drugs. Gender Main stream -Contractor Project area During construction -Presence of -REA 10,000 concerns gender in project facilities at the activities -Supervising work place -Supervising Consultant that put Consultant gender into -Community
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page167
Environmental Mitigation Responsible Site of Optimal Timing for Monitoring Party Cost in US & social measures party/Implementer implementation implementation indicators responsible dollars impact (who) (Where) (When) for monitoring consideration Development including task Officers allocation Disruption of -The construction -Contractor Project area During construction Number of -REA 10,000 social order activities shall as Complaints much as possible -Supervising from the -Supervising be restricted to Consultant community. Consultant daytime only when noise pollution is -LC least felt. Committee
-The contractor -Community shall be prohibited Development from using vulgar Officer language at work place and in the community. Increased -Recruit local -Contractor Project area During construction -Number of -REA 10,000 crime, drug people for casual sensitization abuse and jobs. -Supervising meetings held -Supervising prostitution -Sensitize workers Consultant Consultant and community on -Number of dangers of risky complaints/ -LC behavior concerns from Committee -Main stream the community HIV/AIDS in the project
Concerns from temporaly equipment stororage yard (Construction phase) Note: As stated in section 2.3.6, there will be no labour camps since all workers will be outsourced locally from the sorrounding villages. Technical staff and experts will be housed in rented houses in the near by trading centres. Therefore the section below discusses minor–major temporally storage yards at various sites as deemed necessary by the contractor. Site location Vegetation Contractor Project area Weekly throughout Appearance of -REA 10,000 and Soil clearing and site the construction the camp erosion levelling activities Supervising phase -Supervising will be limited to consultant Concerns from Consultant
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page168
Environmental Mitigation Responsible Site of Optimal Timing for Monitoring Party Cost in US & social measures party/Implementer implementation implementation indicators responsible dollars impact (who) (Where) (When) for monitoring areas required for the local camp people about -LC establishment storage site Committee only; construction activities. The contractor should choose a Proximity of site that is flat and the storage away from site to the near streams or by streams or wetlands. public water sources. Security Entrance to the Contractor Project area Daily throughout the Presence of a -Contractor 10,000 concerns storage yard will construction phase security fence be controlled Supervising around the -REA through guards consultant storage. and vehicles -Supervising entering and Presence of Consultant leaving the yard guards at the will be subject to fence. checks; Presence of a All visitors to the system that yard will wear vets who visitors cards enters and which are who leaves exchanged with the yard. their identity cards which they Presence of surrender to adequate security at the lighting at the gate; yard.
Proper lighting will be ensured to supplement the security system.
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page169
Environmental Mitigation Responsible Site of Optimal Timing for Monitoring Party Cost in US & social measures party/Implementer implementation implementation indicators responsible dollars impact (who) (Where) (When) for monitoring
The project management and staff will be keen on idlers in the storage site;
The management of the project will liaise with nearby police units to reinforce their security;
The contractor could ensure security personnel hired will be from a reputable local security firm with good record.
The entire storage yard boundaries should be defined and securely fenced.
Environmental and Social Management Monitoring and Plan for the Operation Phase Environmental & Mitigation measures Responsible Site of Optimal Timing for Monitoring Party social impact party/Implementer implementation implementation indicators responsible for (who) (Where) (When) monitoring Power line as a -Sensitize communities -REA In the project During -Number of REA Physical about the dangers of ex- area construction and warning signs in hazards to the posed high voltage live -Power line quarterly during critical areas
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page170
Environmental & Mitigation measures Responsible Site of Optimal Timing for Monitoring Party social impact party/Implementer implementation implementation indicators responsible for (who) (Where) (When) monitoring community such wires; operator operation as accidents -Provide prominent -Number of and damage warning signs at all installa- sensitization/ from broken tions to warn the intending awareness structures or intruders from touching meetings and or potential to the lines or fixtures. radio adverts cause -Sensitize Communities undertaken electrocution to report a sagging wire or one that has fallen to the ground; -Maintenance personnel of REA or power line operator to be vigilant ; Occupational -Switch off and fully Operators Along the line During operation -Proof of PPE -REA health and deactivate the main power Contractors and construction issuance -ERA safety concerns while maintenance works - Maintenance for the powerline are on; logs maintenance -Use personal monitors crew in vulnerable areas to detect EMF; -Use only well trained Workers; -Ensure all maintenance crew have adequate and appropriate PPE. Destruction of -Limit movement of service -REA Along the At least quarterly Frequency of REA vegetation and vehicles in areas adjacent power line during operation sensitizations crops during the wayleave (Public roads) -Operator LC committee repair works -Sensitize the PAPs to plant Number of short crops under the line complaits from PAPs and LCs Bush burning in -Sensitize and discourage -REA In the project Quarterly during -Frequency of -REA the project area bush burning in the project area operation sensitization area -operator -Informers in - Put in place and facilitate a -Number of the community network of informers to warning signs report any fires that have the
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page171
Environmental & Mitigation measures Responsible Site of Optimal Timing for Monitoring Party social impact party/Implementer implementation implementation indicators responsible for (who) (Where) (When) monitoring potential to damage the -Frequency of fire powerline reporting
Cost of implementing the ESMP Basing on the impacts anticipated as discussed in the ESMP above, its estimated that about 365,000 US dollars will be required to mitigate the anticipated environmental and social impacts associated with the project. Additional 73,000 US dollars shall be required to effectively monitor the implementation of the mitigation measures. Therefore the total cost of implementing the ESMP been estimated at 438,000 dollars. This cost is not inclusive of fees associated with compensating for affected land, forest produce or other property as this will be determined by separate studies such as Abbreviated RAPs, Forest Valuation Studies or other valuations as need arises.
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page172
8.1.1 Institutional /Organizational roles and responsibility in ESMP implemention This section sets out the institutional and organisational arrangements as well as roles and responsibilities for the implementation of the ESIA/ESMP. o Role of MEMD(PCU)
The PCU shall be responsible for oversight role and the implementation of mitigation measures in this ESMP and general compliance of the project with any permits, licenses and Approval Conditions and related regulations and standards on environment. The Unit will be responsible for ensuring that, the project facilities comply with the environmental and social requirements as shall be detailed in the contract documents as well as with other guiding contractual provisions and documentations. o The Role of REA
REA will be responsible for the implementation of the Project through contractors. Its Environmental Unit headed by an Environmental Specialist has the basic training and experience in environmental and social issues and can effectively coordinate and provide expert advice to contractors on how to effectively implement the required safeguards under the project. REA will be responsible for contract management in order to ensure that the contactors adhere to their contractual obligations and that there are compliant with the environmental and social standards as spelt out in their contracts. However, to augment the capacity of Unit, it is proposed some short-term technical assistance to back this capacity be provided for in the project and should cover technical and equipment as well as some specialised trainings. o Role of NEMA
NEMA is specifically mandated by the National Environment Act as the principal agency in Uganda and is charged with the responsibility of monitoring, supervising, and regulating all environmental management matters in the country. One of the key institutional mandates of NEMA include among others ensuring the observance of proper safeguards in the planning and execution of all development projects including those already in existence that have or are likely to have significant impact on the environment. The role of NEMA will be to review and approve environmental impact assessments as well as monitoring project implementation in accordance with the provisions of the Act and the respective regulations.
From the discussions, NEMA has adequate technical capacity to monitor the project activities through its Department of Environment Monitoring and Compliance in addition to the District Environment Officers in the respective project areas that will be able to report any cases of non-compliance. Overall, NEMA is well placed to capture both environmental and social issues either through their mandatory compliance audits or through monitoring reports by the respective District Environment Officers. o District Local Governments
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page173
District and Local Council in project Districts will be vital in implementation of the project in terms of mobilizing political goodwill and sensitizing communities about the project as well as their District Environment Officers who will be taking care of environmental and social aspects of the project at their levels.The DEOs in the respective areas of project implementation will monitor the project to ensure mitigation measures are adequately implemented. The DEOs will also have to review all project environmental and social assessment reports and provide comments during their review to NEMA before issuance of Approvals. The DEOs will also ensure that, the project activities are implemented in accordance with NEMA conditions of approval. The DEOs will also attend the monthly site meetings for the project and be able to point out issues of concerns. o The local council leaders
The local council leaders in the project areas will have a role on matters of helping contractos access land for the projectfacilities set ups. They will be key in aspects of labour identification and endorsements. The local leaders will support law enforcement agencies in curbing crime during project implementation. o The Role of the Contractors
Contractors will be responsible for complying with all relevant legislation and adhere to all mitigation measures specified in the ESIA and its ESMP. REA will therefore have to ensure enforcement of mitigation measures which will be enshrined under contractual obligations.The contractors will be obliged to have resources to ensure implementation of environmental and social management obligations in the contract(this ESMP shall be part of the Contract through hiring Environmental and Social Management Specialists to operationalize the environmental and social requirements in the ESMP and supporting documentation. o Role of Supervising Consultants
The Supervising Consultants should have in their teams at least Environment and Social Management Specialist who will have overall responsibility of ensuring that, project implementation process complies with this ESMP, NEMA Approval conditions as well as contract provisions. The Environmental and Social ManagementSpecialists shall work closely withREA Environmental and Social Safeguards Team in supervising the contractor. In addition, the contracctors will conduct scheduled site supervisions to monitor state of environmental compliance as documented or executed by the Contractors‟ Environmentalists. The Supervising Consultants will have obligation to also oversee compliance and observation of health and safety and labor requirements alongside other cross-cutting issues in the project.
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page174
8.2 CHANCE FIND PROCEDURE
The following procedural guidelines shall be considered in the event that previously unknown heritage resources are exposed or found during the life of the project.
8.2.1 Initial Identification and/or Exposure Heritage resources may be identified during construction or may be accidently exposed. The initial procedure when such sites are found aim to avoid any further damage. The following steps and reporting structure must be observed in both instances:
1. The person or group (identifier) who identified or exposed the burial ground must cease all activity in the immediate vicinity of the site; 2. The identifier must immediately inform his/her supervisor of the discovery; 3. The supervisor must ensure that the site is secured and access is controlled; and response time/scheduling of the Field Assessment is to be decided in consultation with REA and the environmental consultant.
The Field Assessment could have the following outcomes: If a human burial, the appropriate authority is to be contacted. The find must be evaluated by a human burial specialist to decide if Rescue Excavation is feasible, or if it is a Major Find. If the fossils are in an archaeological context, an archaeologist must be contacted to evaluate the site and decide if Rescue Excavation is feasible, or if it is a Major Find. If the fossils are in a palaeontological context, the palaeontologist must evaluate the site and decide if Rescue Excavation is feasible, or if it is a Major Find.
8.2.2 Rescue Excavation Rescue Excavation refers to the removal of the material from the “design” excavation. This would apply if the amount or significance of the exposed material appears to be relatively circumscribed and it is feasible to remove it without compromising contextual data. The time span for Rescue Excavation shall be reasonable rapid to avoid any undue delays, e.g. one to three days and definitely less than one week. In principle, the strategy during the mitigation is to “rescue” the fossil material as quickly as possible. The strategy to be adopted depends on the nature of the occurrence, particularly the density of the fossils. The methods of collection would depend on the preservation or fragility of the fossil and whether in loose or in lithified sediment. These could include: On-site selection and sieving in the case of robust material in sand; and Fragile material in loose sediment would be encased in blocks using Plaster-of-Paris or reinforced mortar.
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page175
If the fossil occurrence is dense and is assessed to be a “Major Find”, a carefully controlled excavation is required.
8.2.3 Major Finds A Major Find is the occurrence of material that, by virtue of quantity, importance and time constraints, cannot be feasibly rescued without compromise of detailed material recovery and contextual observations.
8.2.3.1 Management options for major finds In consultation with REA and the environmental consultant, the following options shall be considered when deciding on how to proceed in the event of a Major Find.
Option 1: Avoidance Avoidance of the Major Find through project redesign or relocation. This ensures minimal impact to the site and is the preferred option from a heritage resource management perspective. When feasible, it can also be the least expensive option from a construction perspective. The find site will require site protection measures, such as erecting fencing or barricades. Alternatively, the exposed finds can be stabilised and the site refilled or capped. The latter is preferred if excavation of the find will be delayed substantially or indefinitely. Appropriate protection measures shall be identified on a site-specific basis and in wider consultation with the heritage and scientific communities. This option is preferred as it will allow the later excavation of the finds with due scientific care and diligence.
Option 2: Emergency Excavation Emergency excavation refers to the “no option” situation where avoidance is not feasible due to design, financial and time constraints. It can delay construction and emergency excavation itself will take place under tight time constraints, with the potential for irrevocable compromise of scientific quality. It could involve the removal of a large, disturbed sample by an excavator and conveying this by truck from the immediate site to a suitable place for “stockpiling”. This material could then be processed later. Consequently, the emergency excavation is not the preferred option for a Major Find.
8.2.4 Exposure of Fossil Shell Beds
Response of personnel The following responses shall be undertaken by personnel in the event of intersection with fossil shell beds:
Action 1: The site foreman and Environment Consultant (EC) in charge must be informed;
Action 2: The responsible field person (site foreman or EC) must record the following information:
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page176
Position (excavation position); Depth of find in hole; Digital image of the hole showing the vertical section (side); and Digital images of the fossiliferous material.
Action 3: A generous quantity of the excavated material containing the fossils shall be stockpiled near the site, for later examination and sampling;
Action 4: The Environmental Consultant is to inform REA who must then contact the archaeologist and/or palaeontologist contracted to be on standby. The Environmental Consultant is to describe the occurrence and provide images via email.
Response by Palaeontologist The palaeontologist will assess the information and liaise with REA and the Environmental Consultant and a suitable response will be established. This will most likely be a site visit to document and sample the exposure in detail, before it is covered up.
8.2.5 Exposure of Fossil Wood and Peats
Response of personnel The following responses shall be undertaken by personnel in the event of exposure of fossil wood and peats:
Action 1: The site foreman and Environmental Consultant must be informed;
Action 2: The responsible field person (site foreman or Environmental Consultant) must record the following information: Position (excavation position); Depth of find in hole; Digital image of the hole showing the vertical section (side); and Digital images of the fossiliferous material.
Action 3: A generous quantity of the excavated material containing the fossils shall be stockpiled near the site, for later examination and sampling;
Action 4: The Environmental Consultant is to inform the developer who must then contact the archaeologist and/or palaeontologist contracted to be on standby. The Environmental Consultant is to describe the occurrence and provide images via email.
Response by Palaeontologist
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page177
The palaeontologist will assess the information and liaise with the developer and the Environmental Consultant and a suitable response will be established. This will most likely be a site visit to document and sample the exposure in detail, before it is covered up.
8.2.6 Monitoring for Fossils A regular monitoring presence over the period during which excavations are made, by either an archaeologist or palaeontologist, is generally not practical. The field supervisor or foreman and workers involved in digging excavations must be encouraged and informed of the need to watch for potential fossil and buried archaeological material. Workers seeing potential objects are to report to the field supervisor who, in turn, will report to the Environmental Consultant. The Environmental Consultant will inform the archaeologist and/or palaeontologist contracted to be on standby in the case of fossil finds. To this end, responsible persons must be designated. This will include hierarchically: The field supervisor or foreman who is going to be most often in the field; The EC for the project; The Project Manager Shall the monitoring of excavations be stipulated in the Archaeological Impact Assessment and/or the Heritage Impact Assessment, the contracted Monitoring Archaeologist (MA) can also monitor for the presence of fossils and a make field assessment of any material brought to attention. The monitoring for fossils is usually sufficiently informed to identify fossil material and this avoids additional monitoring by a palaeontologist. In shallow coastal excavations, the fossils encountered are usually in an archaeological context. The monitoring for fossils then becomes the responsible field person and fulfils the role of liaison with the palaeontologist and coordinates with the developer and the Environmental Consultant. If fossils are exposed in non-archaeological contexts, the palaeontologist shall be summoned to document and sample/collect them.
8.2.7 Chance Find Procedures (Burial Ground and Grave-BGG) In the event that previously unidentified BGG are identified and/or exposed during construction or operation of the proposed REA project, the following steps must be implemented subsequent to those outlined under “Initial Identification and or Exposure” above.
1. The Project Manager (REA) and/or the HRM Unit must immediately be notified of the discovery in order to take the required further steps: i. The Uganda Police will be notified on behalf of REA; ii. REA in association with the Environmental Consultant will deploy a suitably qualified specialist to inspect the exposed burial and determine in consultation with Uganda police; The temporal context of the remains, i.e.: a. forensic, b. authentic burial grave, c. archaeological (older than 100 years); and
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page178
If any additional graves may exist in the vicinity. 2. Shall the specialist conclude that the find is a heritage resource, REA shall notify Uganda Museum who may require that an identification of interested parties be done through adequate consultations in order to relocate the grave. 8.2.8 Major institutions to contact while dealing with Chance Finds
Commissioner Uganda Museum The Department of Museums and Monuments Kira road, Kamwokya, Kampala +256 772485624
The Environment Officer Rural Electrification Agency PLot 10 Windsor Loop Kololo, House of Hope, 2nd Floor P.O Box 7317, Kampala, Uganda Tel +256-312-318100 Email [email protected]
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page179
8.3 GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM
8.3.1 Stage I: Grievance Resolution Committee
8.3.1.1 GRC Composition The grievance Resolution/Redress Committees (GRC) shall be established at Sub-county level and will include representatives from sub-county and village administrative levels as well as community representatives. There are 9 Sub-counties affected by the proposed power lines under Package 2, Lot 4, 5 & 6 thus 9 grievance committees will be instituted. These sub-counties include Buwunga (Masaka Lot), Sebagabo-Kabulasoke, Kyoganza and Mpenja sub-counties (Gomba-Butmbala) and Nama, Kimenyede, Nagojje, Kasawo and Kyampisi sub-counties (Mukono district). The committees will comprise of the following members: LCIII Chairperson/ a representative; Sub-county Chief/ a representative; Chairperson Area Land Committee / a representative; LCI Chairpersons for all the affected villages in the sub-county; 5-10 Project Affected Persons (5 Males and 5 Females) as recommended by the PAPs in the sub-county; Any other person(s) recommended by the PAPs; Presence of female members on the GRCs is crucial in order to ensure better consideration of gender issues for conflict resolution. The PAP representatives will be democratically chosen by the PAPs with the help of their leaders. The same committee shall also participate in the verification of PAPs during disclosure. Therefore this committee will be set up before disclosure of compensation packages
8.3.1.2 Accessibility and On-The-Spot Resolution Village / LC1 members of the grievance committee will act as GRC focal persons at the village level in order to handle/receive complaints in order to enable access to GRC by any person at level of proximity. This will make the mechanism more functional, as well as allowing for on-the-spot clarification of issues that may only need clarification and guidance. Such on-the-spot clarifications can avoid formal sitting of a GRC for such minor issues. At this level, issues lodged, registered and retired/cleared would not need investigation. The possibility for the LC3 chairperson to appoint a representative for complaints management guarantees accessibility of LC3-level persons in the GRM process.
8.3.1.3 Complaints Lodging and Recording The GRC will record and handle all complaints including those that are not related to compensation. Such grievances may relate to other aspects of the working environment such as labour, noise, dust, unsafe excavations, unsocial behaviour of the contractor or subcontractors, sexual harassment, defilement, elopement with people‟s wives and others. Complaints of PAPs on any aspect of compensation or addressed losses shall first be
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page180 lodged in writing to the LC1 Committee representatives. If the PAP is illiterate, the complaint will be made verbally to the LC1 Committee representative who will put it on paper. Complaints could also be made anonymously in petition collection boxes that will be put in accessible places, with an intake form for complaints. However, communities must be aware of the consequences of filing an anonymous complaint because no personal response can be provided and it will be difficult to evaluate if insufficient information is provided. Complaints originating from vulnerable households (minor-headed households, elderly, terminally ill, physically handicapped will be treated with priority. Eexperience has also shown that GRCs receive issues beyond the project. In such cases, GRCs shall seek the help of REA to redirect concerns to relevant agencies and units that are not project related. Additionally, consistent documentation for the system and its process is recommended - i.e. all complaints are registered and all resolutions reached at all stages are documented.
8.3.1.4 Investigation and Resolution of Complaints by GRC Any complaint that cannot be resolved on-the-spot through clarification and guidance by the LC1 members of the grievance committee will require investigation by the GRC, including the relevant LC3 Chairperson or its representative. These complaints will be resolved by use of customary rules.
After receiving a complaint, the Grievance Resolution Committee will work hand in hand with the members of the project implementation team i.e. the Project Liaison Officer, Sociologist / RAP Specialist, Valuer, Surveyor and a Legal Officer. The project implementers (Project Implementation Unit) will also verify claims on the ground with the assistance of the grievance committee. If unresolved then the PAP can seek legal redress through the courts of law. Constant communication will be maintained throughout the negotiation process between the Committee and the concerned PAP(s), in order to allow for efficient negotiations. The grievance mechanism will ensure that all project affected persons including vulnerable groups – the elderly, women, the disabled can easily access help at no cost.
GRCs will have to pay special attention and consider emerging land and property issues in the project areas. Where land use disputes have been reported in the vicinity of the line route, steps leading to final arrangements prior to the construction could stress them, reviving old quarrels. Moreover, the distribution of compensations among claimants (e.g. landlord, tenants, family members) can create tensions inside an outside the impacted households.
Recommended solutions to both conflict-related and “regular” land conflicts during resettlement converge towards proper communication of compensation rules and procedures to all interested parties and implementation of mechanisms involving all parties to the conflict with as well as local representatives in discussions aiming towards mediation
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page181 and peaceful conflict resolution. Such negative impacts can be mitigated by ensuring the collaboration of legitimate leaders and proper communication of compensation rules and procedures to all interested parties. Therefore, the grievance redress mechanism to be implemented during and after RAP implementation, as well as during the whole construction phase will enable to address conflicts that may arise.
8.3.2 Stage II: Courts Of Law
8.3.2.1 Overview The constitution allows a right of access to the courts of law by any person who has an interest or right over property. If the grievance procedure fails to provide a settlement, complainants can still seek legal redress in courts of law as a last resort. The grievance system will operate from the disclosure of the census and asset inventories‟ results, up until one year after the completion of the RAP implementation process.
8.3.2.2 Grievance Resolution Process Figure 6.1 presents a visual representation of the grievance resolution process.
Figure 6.1: Grievance Resolution Process Flow Chart
The PAPs will be informed of the different grievance mechanisms in place for them to lodge their complaints and dissatisfactions through sensitization meetings. The grievance procedure will be simple and administered as far as possible at the local levels to facilitate access, flexibility and ensure transparency. All the grievances will be channelled through the Grievance Resolution Committees. Complaints will be filed in a Grievance Resolution Form. After registration of the complaint, an investigation will be carried out by the
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page182 committee members to verify its authenticity thereafter a resolution approach will be selected based on the findings. The decisions of the action to be taken will be communicated to all involved parties mainly in written form.
The project implementing team responsible for grievance resolution will include a Project Liaison Officer, a Sociologist / RAP Specialist, a Surveyor, a Valuer and a Legal Officer. These will work together with the grievance resolution committee to solve grievances and to ensure that grievances and clear solutions are properly recorded. Thus, all grievances received by the Grievance Resolution Committees will be forwarded to the implementing team. A way forward or grievance approach for each grievance will be selected together by the committee and project team or in close consultation.
All measures will be undertaken to ensure that the grievance is solved amicably between the concerned parties and the courts will be the last resort. Efficiency in solving the grievances will be of paramount importance. Grievances shall be resolved within a maximum period of 60 days after the date of registration. A grievance database clearly showing the date the grievance was registered, the selected approach to resolve it and the status of the grievance shall be maintained by the project team. All the selected grievance resolution committee members shall undergo a capacity building training about their roles and requirements of the RAP before commencement of grievance resolution.
8.3.3 Monitoring Complaints In addition to the Grievance Resolution Form, a Grievance Log will be kept by the project implementers, indicating the date the complaint was lodged, a brief description of the grievance, actions to be taken, status of the resolution etc. The Project Liaison Officer or RAP Specialist will monitor and document the progress of all complaints through monthly grievance resolution reports.
There is a high probability of complaints arising within and outside the construction sites. Site Disciplinary Committees (SDCs) shall be established to receive and resolve such complaints. Any complaints that may be handled by the SDCs shall be referred to the mainstream government institutions such as Uganda Police with the guidance of the area Local Council (LC) leadership. The LCs shall be represented in each SDC committee.
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page183
9 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMME
9.1 Overview The general approach to effective monitoring is to compare the pre- and post- project situations, measuring relevant environmental impacts against baseline conditions. Baseline data establish a reference basis for managing environmental impacts throughout the life of the project. A monitoring process will therefore be introduced to check progress and the resultant effects on the environment as the implementation of the package 2 Lot 4, 5 and 6 REA power lines proceed.
REA will undertake the necessary monitoring measures for short- and long-term monitoring programme respectively. However, during monitoring close links shall be maintained with other relevant lead agencies. The key lead agencies that shall be kept in the loop will include Masaka, Gomba, Butambala, and Mukono District Local Governments, NEMA, Wetlands Department, ERA and UMEME. It is the role of the Developer to ensure that the Contractor implements the proposed mitigation measures presented in this ESIA report. The planned mitigation measures indicated in chapter 7 (Project Impacts) and chapter 8 (EMP) shall be the starting point. These shall be planned and checked against their effectiveness in reducing the negative impacts/or enhancing the benefits identified in this report.
The process shall also include regular reviews of the impacts that cannot be contemplated at the time of doing this Environment Impact Assessment. Action shall be taken in response to the unforeseen changes and subsequently scale up the mitigation and monitoring measures. Monitoring shall undertake appropriate new actions to mitigate any negative effects.
The issues to monitor may include the following: Monitoring the clearing of the way leave including all forms of compensations and or resettlements made in respect of the displaced families or persons. Monitoring and supervision of the excavations for distribution pole foundations/pits and subsequent tensioning of conductors. Monitoring the occupational health and safety of workers and the community among others. Monitoring the fate of solid waste/debris disposal and other wastes after it has reached and has left the site. Monitoring behavioural changes among the community and Contractors staff.
The Developer will monitor the actual environmental impacts of the proposed power evacuation line to ensure that mitigation measures are implemented and standards adhered to. To be able to fulfill this requirement, it will be necessary to work with indicators of environmental change outlined in the Table 8.1. The indicators will be monitored as indicated in the ESMP and for some impacts, it may be weekly, monthly, quarterly, annually
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page184 and at project decommissioning. Capacity to conduct monitoring will be built through training. The major objectives of the monitoring plan shall be; To assess compliance with the National Environment Management Authority (NEMA) EIA approval certificate conditions; Measure and improve the effectiveness of the Environment Management Plan (EMP); Assess the chemical, physical, and biological impacts of the power evacuation line to the general environment. A monitoring program will check on progress of the project and the resulting impact on the environment. It will also include regular reviews of the impacts that could not be adequately assessed before the project started, or which may arise unexpectedly. In such cases, appropriate new actions to mitigate any adverse effects will be undertaken. Furthermore, an environmental audit report will be prepared annually and submitted to NEMA for review and approval.
9.2 Monitoring Team While the Developer will do his own internal monitoring; a monitoring team headed by the District Environment Officer of the affected districts and composed of the local environmental authorities, representatives from the District, ERA and NEMA and any other lead agencies may also carry out the monitoring.
9.3 Decommissioning It is anticipated that the power line will be continuously maintained and repaired, and will be operated for several decades. Because of the long useable life of the facility, the circumstances under which it might ultimately be decommissioned are difficult to foresee at this stage. Thus, only a site construction decommissioning approach can be considered at the moment in this study. Therefore, the practical decommissioning will for now involve the following: . Restoration of disturbed sites through levelling and re-vegetation measures; . Removal of obsolete equipment and associated equipment parts; . Demobilization and return of imported labour force after the project; . Grievance management mechanisms with the host communities before site closure; . Repairs of damaged roads and restoration of access routes and route deviations; . Removal of construction debris and unused materials.
Although limited adverse impacts may occur, the contractor and the Developer shall prevent any condition from developing on site during construction, operation and decommissioning that would prevent restoring the site to a useful condition upon removal of the power line. Within 12 months before facility removal, the operator shall develop a decommissioning plan, detailing the following;
f) Requirements and procedure for removing equipment and structures from the site,
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page185
g) Requirements and procedures to restore the site to a useful condition; h) Site investigation to determine contaminated areas and extent of contamination; i) Description of options for remediation of contaminated areas on site, post decommissioning land use, information on how possible socio-environmental impacts will be minimized during decommissioning and measures to protect the public against risk or danger resulting from site conditions prevailing after decommissioning, j) Plan on how decommissioning will be funded.
The developer shall submit the decommissioning plan to NEMA for approval. Decommissioning shall also have a restoration plan to adequately remediate any onsite contamination and restore site to the maximum extent consistent with anticipated post decommissioning use.
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page186
10 SUMMARY OF RECOMMENDATIONS
The EIA team endorses that the project shall proceed with the following recommendations;
1. Prepare a Resettlement Action Plan on which actual compensation and resettlement shall be based. This will include: a) A Socio-economic Survey of the people who have either been displaced, lost property including land, crops as well as loss of income due to change in business premises {Directly Project Affected Persons}; b) A Cadastral Survey of the individual peoples‟ portions of land to be acquired by the project; c) A Property Valuation report indicating each PAPs entitlement. 2. Try to construct the proposed power lines along the road reserves of the existing public roads as proposed by the Developer in order to avoid several delays, impacts and negotiations associated with land acquisitions with private landlords. 3. Throughout construction, any works on the way leave shall be well coordinated with UMEME and where power outages are inevitable, the public shall be informed in advance. 4. Detailed design for the distribution line shall be conducted in close consultation with UNRA so as to take care of the new road designs fin the project areas. 5. Every step of project implementation will be communicated by REA to the PAPs and the Local Governments in the affected areas using media (Local Radio stations), as well as physical mobilization/notification of PAPs using their local leaders to obtain consent and way forward in a community meeting. Where disagreements arise, the Grievance Redress Mechanism and Grievance Redress Committee (GRC) suggested in section 8.3 shall then be resorted to. The Supervising consultant will be on the ground with offices well known to the PAPs to monitor implementation of mitigation measures and to capture any issues arising through the GRC or the PAPs themselves. 6. Conduct and implement pre and post construction phase mitigation measures by coordinating with local authorities and involving the district and sub-county officials. 7. The following general mitigation measures shall be undertaken and will include but not limited to the following: Ensure employment opportunities for the local people. Ensure health and safety for both workers and the public. Institute a programme where all communities affected by the power line have access to electricity. Control negative impact on biodiversity and wetlands Ensure all livelihoods lost are restored through a transparent and adequate compensation procedure and livelihood restoration plan. Mainstream HIV/AIDS prevention in contractors SEAP. The environmental management and monitoring plan shall be attached as a condition for the project construction contract so as to make the contractor aware of his environmental
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page187 obligation before securing the contract and enhance the implementation of the EMP. Overall; this will enhance environmental standards in the whole project. In case of any archaeological finds during excavation, these shall be reported and handed over to the Department of Museums and Monuments in the Ministry of Tourism, Wildlife and Antiquities for further follow up in accordance with the Chance find procedure in section 8.2.
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page188
11 LIST OF ANNEXES
Annex 1: Details of stakeholder consultations Annex 2: List of people consulted Annex 3: Daily vehicle inspection form Annex 4: Geology maps for the project area Annex 5: Google earth maps showing crossings across central forest reserves and major wetlands
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page189
ANNEX 1: DETAILS OF STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATIONS
Meeting held with Assistant Commissioner Gender Meeting held with Name Designation Maggie Kyomukama Assistant Commissioner Gender Purpose of meeting: To obtain technical and social economic input into the Environmental and Social Impact Assessment process for the proposed 33kV in the Masaka, Butamabala, Gomba and Mukono Districts Date held & Place: 31stJuly 2017 Present: Ms. Namutosi Olivia, sociologist (GIDS) Ms. Maggie Kyomukama ( MGLSD) Responses to issues raised by the consultant (quoted verbatim)
About the project The commissioner stated that social issues have been given special attention since the Kamwenge occurrence that led to suspension of funds by the world bank. She added that the ministry is developing standards and guidelines to ensure that social safeguards are integrated into the project cycle Concerns about the The commissioner noted that comprehensive stakeholder engagement project should be conducted to capture their concerns expectations and suggestions. She stressed that the consultant team should ensure that community members are routinely updated about project ongoing and planned activities
In regard to community mobilisation the commissioner said the CDO is the ministry‟s representative at district level and structures are in place at sub county level. These should guide REA on the information passed on to people without causing unnecessary anxiety among communities.
Commissioner: Does the project involve compensation? She added the when compensation is paid; men often disappear with proceeds leaving behind homeless families. Response: No because REA plans to use the road reserve.
She stated that the likely impacts will mainly arise from population influx. This she said is likely to lead to gender based violence. She stressed that communities and authorities in the project area should be made alert about psychosocial support.
She indicated that there is a strengthen children‟s opportunities for protection and empowerment (SCOPE) was initiate in the Kamwenge area whose incidences were eye openers for social issues.
No children should be allowed near the project area because child
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page190
trafficking and elopement of girls with construction workers
Anticipated benefits She stressed that communities expect employment so the local content provision should be emphasised. Qualified females should be hired and facilities at the project area should be gender sensitive and equal pay for work of equal value should be paid to both women and men. The commissioner emphasised that cultural diversity of the project area should be respected by workers to avoid conflict with communities during project implementation. She noted that power comes with security if centres are lit up adding that women and girls will be safer. Health centres will improve health care and reduce maternal mortality Availability of power will improve quality of education
Meeting held with Principal Occupational Hygienist MGLSD Meeting held with Name Designation Barbra Khayongo Principal Occupational Hygienist Purpose of meeting: To obtain technical and social economic input into the Environmental and Social Impact Assessment process for the proposed 33kV in the Masaka, Butamabala, Gomba and Mukono Districts Date held & Place: 1st August 2017 Present: Ms. Namutosi Olivia, sociologist (GIDS) Ms. Khayongo Barbra (OSH) Responses to issues raised by the consultant (quoted verbatim)
About radiation She expressed concern about the kind of wires that will be used and weather these will be affected by weather. Consideration of the line from the ground should be taken to make sure that it is safe for communities around. She advised that baseline radiation levels which should be monitored regularly and these should be within permissible levels. During community meetings the safe zone from the line should be communicated. Work place The company nominated to do the construction should obtain a certification certificate of registration of work place. Risk assessment A risk assessment of activities should be undertaken to enable appropriate mitigation measures to be suggested before the project starts. A health and safety officer should be part of the contractor‟s team whose work will be supported by a safety committee with representatives from
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page191
workers and the community. The HS officer should be directly linked to top management to reduce on intrusive procedures that often delay actions. Safety and health trainings and tool box meetings should be conducted and records kept. REA should oriented communities of the risks associated with power and how to avoid them. Since the project doesn‟t have a package for compensation, it is likely that there will be some complaints. A clear grievance redress mechanism should be in place to handle complaints from the community and workers. Because the project involves lifting of heavy materials pre and post employment routine checking of workers should be done paying attention to muscle skeletal disorder. In regard to terms of employment she stated that contracts should be given to all employees stating among others remuneration, clear contract of employment annual leave workers compensation and work schedules. The contractor should have all relevant management plans such as gender, HIV, child protection, waste management among others. She stressed that the contractor should have a clear accident register to ensure their timely reporting, investigation and institutional control measures to avoid future occurrences. All workers should be provided with adequate and appropriate PPE. The contractor should conduct an ergonomic assessment to guide him on the number of workers required for the project. Community She indicated that when a project of this nature is in an area people‟s expectations expectations are high in regard to employment. Local people should be given priority because this saves the company resources. Continuous sensitisation of construction workers about refraining from use of abusive and vulgar language should be done throughout the project cycle. Gender aspects Welfare facilities i.e toilets, washrooms taking into consideration gender aspects.
Waste management Waste management off cuts should be taken into consideration during project planning.
Meeting held with Ministry of Energy and Mineral Development Meeting held with Name Designation Caroline Aguti Principle Environment Officer Purpose of meeting: To obtain technical and social economic input into the Environmental and Social Impact Assessment process for the proposed 33kV in the
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page192
Masaka, Butamabala, Gomba and Mukono Districts Date held & Place: 3rd July 2017 Present: Ms. Namutosi Olivia, sociologist (GIDs Ltd) Ms. Caroline Aguti (MEMD) Responses to issues raised by the consultant (quoted verbatim)
Wetland She indicated that wetland areas should be identified and clearly mapped within the project area. She added that chemicals currently used to preserve poles damage the environment so alternatives should be sought because these exist. Management plan The contractor should prepare different management plans and ensure that they are implementation throughout the project cycle. Stakeholder In regard to stakeholder engagement she stated that comprehensive engagement sensitisation should be conducted at all levels. She stressed that communities should be informed that the project does not have a provision for compensation. Gender issues Gender mainstreaming activities such as employment of both genders, encouraging equal pay for similar work and discouraging use of gender stereotyping language should be emphasised. Climate change Climate change issues likely to emerge as a result of the project should be identified and clear and practicable mitigation measures suggested. Employment During the meeting the environment specialist stressed that project area communities should be given priority during recruitment adding that this should be clearly stated in the contract. Culture Emphasised that people‟s culture should be respected by setting strict a code of conduct against use of abusive and vulgar language by line construction workers.
Meeting held with Uganda Tea Corporation Meeting held with Name Designation Kanga Anthony Division manager Purpose of meeting: To obtain technical and social economic input into the Environmental and Social Impact Assessment process for the proposed 33kV in the Masaka, Butamabala, Gomba and Mukono Districts Date held & Place: 2nd August 2017 Uganda Tea Corporation Nagojje Block Present: Ms. Namutosi Olivia, sociologist (GIDS) Mr. Kange Anthony (Uganda Tea Corporation) Mr. Peter Isamat Sociologist (GIDS) Ms. Norah Aweno Responses to issues raised by the consultant (quoted verbatim)
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page193
The division manager expressed happiness about the proposed development. He said their office will be connected which will ease office work. He said power will also be extended to the labour camp He indicated that this is a production zone with output ranging between 150-60 tonnes a month for the wet and dry seasons respectively. He expressed fear about the likely loss of crops that will be uprooted during erection of poles that will have to be compensated for. Compensation he said should be paid to the corporation and a letter of clearance issued to the contractor before construction starts. It was also noted that pole if not well erected could be brought down by strong winds which could constitute a safety threat to the community. The division manager wanted to know when the project is likely to start and who the target beneficiaries are. He was informed that this study is part of the preliminary planning process to ensure that environment and social issues are catered for. The project is under the government initiative of extending power to rural areas to enhance production and value addition.
Meeting held with Nagojje Sugar Estate management Meeting held with Name Designation Ariku B David Manager Nagojje Estate. Purpose of meeting: To obtain technical and social economic input into the Environmental and Social Impact Assessment process for the proposed 33kV in the Masaka, Butamabala, Gomba and Mukono Districts Date held & Place: 2nd August 2017 Present: Ms. Namutosi Olivia, sociologist (GIDS) Mr. Ariku B David (SCOUL) Mr. Peter Isamat (GIDS) Ms. Norah Aweno (GIDS) Responses to issues raised by the consultant (quoted verbatim)
About the project He said this is not the first project to run through part of their farms although damaged crops were compensated. He was concerned about sugar cane crops that will be cleared during construction of the line. It was recommended that clearance of plants should be limited to areas whole poles will be erected and any other activities should be a way from the plantation. Concerns Manager: what happens if the line goes through my land: Response: The project has been planned to run along the road reserve but in instances were private land is required for project related activities then case by case basis will be considered.
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page194
Manager: Will these poles be paid for? Response: No this is a government initiative and the poles for line construction will be provided by the contractor. However if an individual requires power at their premises, then the service provider will charge depending on the distance of the premise from the line. Manager: How long will it take before the project is implemented? Response: The ESIA study is part of the planning process and after the report is approved and funds availed then construction will start. We cannot give a definite date but undertaking this study is an assurance that the project will be implemented in the near future.
Meeting held with Uganda National Roads Authority Meeting held with Name Designation Moses Ochola Highway Engineer Brian Karugaba Environment Specialist. Purpose of meeting: To obtain technical and social economic input into the Environmental and Social Impact Assessment process for the proposed 33kV in the Masaka, Butamabala, Gomba and Mukono Districts Date held & Place: 4th August 2017 Present: Ms. Namutosi Olivia, sociologist (GIDS) Mr. Moses Ochola (UNRA) Mr. Brian Karugaba (UNRA) Responses to issues raised by the consultant (quoted verbatim)
The road reserve Consultant: What is your opinion about the project? Response: The project is in line with government objective of improving infrastructure especially roads and power to enhance production and wellbeing of all Ugandans. Consultant: How do you think REA can best implement the project because it intends to use the road reserve Response: It should be noted that UNRA has acquired and clearly mark road reserves along highways or tarmacked roads only. Along other roads the reserve is known but we are yet to acquire it so we do not have full rights. However utilities such as power and water/sewer and telecommunication lines can be established within the reserve. From the project description most of the lines are rural and mandate over such roads lies with districts. However REA should establish this and consult respective districts about it. Consultant: In instance were line run along UNRA roads what should be observed? Response: in such cases then the clearance above the ground should be at least 8m. This he said should be observed keenly where the line crosses the road i.e. from one side to the other because there is a
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page195
tendency of such lines to serge which causes interference to traffic. In regard to location of the line the engineer stressed that all lines should be 15m from the centre of the road because the recommended road reserve is 30m. He added that UNRA incurs a Lot of costs to relocate such facilities whenever roads are due for upgrade yet this could be avoided with proper planning. Environment Consultant: are there any concerns environmentally? concerns Response: This being a medium to low voltage line impacts are minimal. Clearance of trees along the route is the main concern that should be addressed through a replanting program. The other concern is waste in form of off cuts that could be left along the roads. The environment specialist noted that power line construction workers are renown for using vulgar language yet this is not culturally acceptable.
MASAKA DISTRICT
Meeting held with the District Natural Resources Officer
Place where the District Natural Resource Officer‟s Office, Masaka district headquarters, meeting was held Masaka district. Purpose of meeting: To obtain the DNRO‟s input into the Environment and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) for the proposed construction of rural electrification projects under ERT III for Package 2, Lot 6- MasakaDisstrict
Date held 12th July 2017
Present Alfred Tumusiime, (Environmental Expert) Norah Amweno (Sociologist) Pearl Katwesigye (Consultant) Rose Nakyejjwe (DNRO) Responses to issues raised by the DNRO and consultant (quoted verbatim).
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page196
Consultant: What are your comments on the project?
DNRO: I can‟t comment much on the project because I have not visited the project area so I don‟t know the scope but what I can say is that there is a Lot of tree cutting which are not replaced; at least they were not replaced last time. Consultant: That will not be the case for this project, any crop that will be
destroyed will be compensated.
DNRO: Another issue is placing poles in the wetlands which may have an impact on the wetlands and lead to encroachment in the long run.
Consultant: The feasibility study team tried to avoid wetlands at the designing stage but we cannot comment much about that since we have not been to the field. However, where access is created to the wetland, it will be blocked after the project to avoid encroachment.
DNRO: Have you consulted the LC5 chairman?
Consultant: Not yet but we‟re going to consult him.
Consultant: In your opinion what do you think the developer should put in
place to ensure proper management of the project without jeopardizing people‟s interests?
DNRO: Generally we need know the scope to answer but for now I don‟t know the scope but I can suggest that whichever tree is cut, is replaced or compensated although I prefer replacement because compensation may require a Lot of money which may not be available this being a
government project.
Also people who plant poles are socially not acceptable in our communities. For example they use vulgar language and stay in camps which are normally a source of HIV, and other STDS and un wanted pregnancies. They come with a Lot of money and target vulnerable groups like women who are poor.So please address the HIV issue. Hold
meetings with community leaders and talk about it so that they sensitise the communities. Inform people about all these in time so that they take caution in time or use condoms to guard against them.
Consultant: We write reports and include all these issues and the district is supposed to do project monitoring.
DNRO: There is no funding for such monitoring so there is normally no implementation of some of those recommendations.
Consultant: Any other issues of concern about the project that should be
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page197
addressed by the EIA team?
DNRO: Maybe from the experience with previous projects with CAIIP which was constructing roads, some property was demolished/ destroyed and the proprietors, some of them vulnerable like an old woman‟s house was destroyed and not compensated. So please if there is any compensation needed, people should be compensated.
Consultant: REA doesn‟t demolish houses, the project is mainly constructed in the road reserve and where there are crops destroyed, they are compensated.
Consultant: What are the guidelines for electricity infrastructure in the country that should be followed?
DNRO: Well we don‟t have those copies, if you have them, we shall be glad if you give us copies.
Consultant: What activities should be undertaken during and after the
development of the project?
DNRO: What I have realized is that some communities don‟t benefit from the electricity lines even if they are installed in their area.
Consultant: But REA has a plan of installing transformers where individuals can be able to access electricity from.
DNRO: But still it‟s at a cost and most of these people cannot afford it. Therefore I recommend that individual connections be given at a subsidized price or freely. The problem is normally wiring because now there is Yaka and people can buy what they can afford. Communities are poor and cannot afford electricity wiring and they end up not benefiting from installed electricity yet it‟s meant to improve community‟s livelihoods.
Consultant: We shall deliver the message to REA through our report.
Meeting held with the Assistant Chief Accounting Officer
Place where the Masaka district headquarters, Masaka district. meeting was held Purpose of meeting: To obtain the Assistant CAO‟S input into the Environment and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) for the proposed construction of rural electrification projects under ERT III for Package 2, Lot 6- MasakaDisstrict
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page198
Date held 13th July 2017
Present Frederick Nkurunzinza, (Ecologist) Norah Amweno (Sociologist) Pearl Katwesigye (Consultant) Sseremba Hood (ACAO) Responses to issues raised by the ACAO and consultant (quoted verbatim).
Consultant: What is your attitude/concerns towards the extension of power lines to this area?
Consultant: The electricity line in Masaka will run through Mutemula – Nakiyaga – Nkuke – Kyanamukaka with tee-offs Nkule – Ketengesa, Bukeri – Namirembe&Baale Landing sites, Kyanamukaka – Butamo
ACAO: I think it‟s okay because it reduces darkness and increases business time, people work for longer hours when they have electricity and ofcourse it chases away night dancers who take advantage of the dark. I don‟t see any bad effects of this connection except that sometimes the line goes through someone‟s property and there‟s is no compensation for the land used so you must prepare the communities for the process to
avoid problems.
Consultant: In your opinion what do you think the developer should put in place to ensure proper management of the project without jeopardizing people‟s interests?
ACAO: Creation of a project management team is important. It can help to inform the developer what did not come to their attention during the planning process.
It is very important to create structures in these communities and make
the focal person a member of the community and include REA able to communicate adequately.
Consultant: What Environmental problems, issues and challenges are likely to be encountered in the vicinity and how they should be addressed?
ACAO: Destroying some of our natural resources like forests, wetlands which attract encroachers.
C: Any other issues of concern about the project that should be
addressed by the EIA team?
ACAO: This is a community project, the contractors should at least also give back to the community in some way. For example they can give their
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page199
furniture to churches, schools for acceptance.
Consultant: What are the guidelines for electricity infrastructure in the country that should be followed?
ACAO: REA should estimate the impact, in economic gains(how much benefit) of the project towards the communities. It should add atleast a few connections to nearby houses to be able to impact the community.
Electricity connection can be costly and some of the families cannot afford it for example in Kiyagankukovillage there are very small households but if you connect some, it will motivate others to also get connected.
Consultant: We saw a power line in a very sparsely populated area in Zimwe village with no activity taking place. Isn‟t that wastage of
resources?
ACAO: Well that is a privately owned property so we have limited influence on its utilization but you know with electricity priorities can change because it increases the value of property.
Consultant: What activities should be undertaken during and after the development of the project?
ACAO: During installation of these lines, there will be influx of labourers to work on these lines, these could destabilise families through adultery.
Therefore, you should ensure that the workers contracted are disciplined and organized.
Another issue is HIV/AIDS. Both workers and communities are susceptible to contracting the virus from each other; therefore you should sensitise both the communities and workers to take precaution because either side could be infected.
Electricity could be dangerous; you should sensitise the communities
about dangers of electricity and how to use it the right way.
You should also encourage gender balance; available jobs should not only be offered to men but also women. It‟s our policy as a district. You should consider it too. The work maybe laborious for women but what can be done by women, they should be given priority.
Also here we encourage use of local labour and local materials but we‟ve not been instrumental in the selection process so our choice with contractors is limited but we should be inclusive.
Consultant: Anything else you want to add?
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page200
ACAO: Yes, depending on the damage done, replant trees cut especially in our forests, encourage people to be connected and install electricity in their houses. Sensitize them on the impact of electricity like increased working hours, which means increased business and increased demand
for produce, tell them about value addition to their produce and better for students to read in schools unlike solar power.
I‟ve seen our landing sites Namirembe and Baale on your map, you know they buy ice from Kampala to preserve fish, but with electricity, it will improve their standards and cut down the costs.
Consultant: How was our interaction with you?
ACAO: I‟m used to meeting with strangers so it‟s okay I‟m only sorry that my office is engaged so we met outside in a place which may not have been conducive for you.
Meeting held with the District Community Development Officer
Place where the District Community Development Officer‟s Office, Masaka district meeting was held headquarters, Masaka district.
Purpose of meeting: To obtain the DCDO‟s input into the Environment and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) for the proposed construction of rural electrification projects under ERT III for Package 2, Lot 6- Masaka District
Date held 13th July 2017
Present Frederick Nkurunziza (Ecologist) Norah Amweno ( Consultant, Sociologist) Pearl Katwesigye Musisi Lilian (DCDO) Responses to issues raised by the DCDO and consultant (quoted verbatim).
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page201
Consultant: What is your attitude towards the extension of power lines to this area?
DCDO: Of course the extension of power lines brings development and uplifts the status of the area, much as its rural electricity changes the its image. People will no longer walk long distances to access electricity. Consultant: Any concerns?
DCDO: I urge to go to communities wherepower lines pass and give them a chance to speak their views especially if you‟re going to use their land or property during the process.
Consultant: In your opinion what do you think the developer should put in place to ensure proper management of the project without jeopardizing people‟s interests?
DCDO: My main issue is compensation. How is it going to be handled?
Consultant: REA compensates people for properties destroyed in the process of construction especially crops and trees. It does not
compensate for land used to construct a line.
CDO: That‟s okay but during compensation, it is very important to consider women who are partners. Normally men are given the money without considering their partners even when what is destroyed belongs to women. Even if you don‟t give them money, but provide for the needs of women‟s loss.
Consultant: What Environmental problems, issues and challenges are
likely to be encountered in the vicinity and how they should be addressed?
DCDO: I don‟t know much about that but maybe if any trees, forests or wetland is encroached on. If trees are cut, engage public to plant more preferably fruit trees and if possible provide seedlings.
DCDO: Electricity will increase employment for the youth, at times they don‟t get involved in power enterprises like welding; they practice
agriculture which is seasonal so electricity widens their opportunities.
Consultant: Other issues of concern for project should be addressed by the EIA team?
DCDO: Others maybe issues of children households, PWDs households if any are affected. It could make their situation worse if they are affected and not well handled. So you should work something out with
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page202
communities to support them.
Consultant: How about issues of Gender and HIV/AIDS?
DCDO: Women should be involved at every stage of the project; they should be included in dialogue meetings so that they get first-hand information from the source. They should also be encouraged to make decisions on matters affecting them.
Consultant: How about HIV/AIDS? DCDO: It usually becomes an issue when workers stay for a long period
of time. I‟m not sure about this project but if that‟s the case then talk about it in the dialogue meetings and caution people on the dangers.
Consultant: What are the guidelines for electricity infrastructure in the country that should be followed?
DCDO: Support communities to replace destroyed plants/trees and sensitise the public on how to install electricity in their houses.
Consultant: Is there a district monitoring team to monitor some of these projects?
DCDO: Yes, it is normally formed depending on the technical
requirement of what to monitor. Sometimes the political team and technical teams both do the monitoring concurrently. With this project, I think we can co-opt depending on the area of purpose.
Consultant: How often is such monitoring done?
DCDO: The frequency is not clear but atleast every quota depending on the circumstances and as and when there is need.
Consultant: Is there a budget for this monitoring?
DCDO: The budget is with district planner‟s office. It‟s called LGMSD- Local Government Management Service Delivery.
Meeting held with PAPs in Nakiyaga Village, Kanywa Parish Buwunga Sub County Meeting held with Name Designation Nakiyaga village Project affected communities Purpose of meeting: To obtain technical and social economic input into the Environmental and Social Impact Assessment process for the proposed 33kV in the Masaka, Butamabala, Gomba and Mukono Districts Date held & Place: 15th July 2017
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page203
Nakiyaga trading Centre, Kanywa Parish Buwunga Sub county. Present: Mr. Peter Isamat Sociologist (GIDS) Ms. Norah Amweno Ms. Pearl Katwesigye Responses to issues raised by the consultant (quoted verbatim)
Anticipated positive Better light and convenience than solar and kerosene candles. Solar impacts light is dim and its batteries break down often yet we don‟t have a mechanic in our area. Kerosene candles are bad to our health because of the smoke they emit, affect our sight and sometimes set our houses ablaze. Facilitates industrialization for example welding, grain milling, and coffee processing. Coffee is our main source of income but we travel long distances to process it which reduces our profits. Improve security in our area through installing security lights which will chase away thieves that take advantage of the darkness in our area at night. It will improve the quality of education by facilitating use of modern technology like computer, telephones, photocopiers machines and others. There are some foreign doctors that set up a temporary community clinic at Grace Projects every year in September. But they cannot diagnoses they don‟t perform due to lack of electricity. Therefore, this project will widen their services. The project will boost our business with improved services for example refrigeration. Ease our domestic chores like cooking, ironing etc. Improve our standards of living. Negative impacts Negative Impacts of the project to the surrounding area: Electricity can lead to accidents which may cause death. Power outages and fluctuations. Electricity is expensive and may lead to poverty. Overpopulation. Poor installation of electricity which leads to breakdown and destroy property. Tampering with transformers to siphon oil
Mitigation measures: Senstisation and awareness about proper use and handling of electricity Report thugs to the police, local council leaders and community committees The service provider e.g UMEME to provide toll free numbers to the communities and setup substation offices in each trading center to handle breakdowns If pre-paid system e.g Yaka is used then users can consume only what they can afford and avoid poverty Use quality raw materials like poles to avoid breakdown Sometimes when electricity destroys/burns someone‟s business/
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page204
property, the service provider refuses to compensate them because they are not insured. Use standard products to avoid such cases. Some of us who stay far away from the main road (deep in villages), shall we be able to get electricity? REA will bring electricity close to you along the road and in trading centers. It is up to individuals to connect their houses.
Gender issues The project contractor is mandated to employ local labor to do work that can be done by locals. Women and youth are encouraged to take up such jobs. Women should be prioritized when it comes to offering employment. If a woman owns property (crops) destroyed during line construction, a woman will be compensated. HIV/AIDS This project will bring new people in this area and you don‟t know their HIV status. Therefore be advised that it is not safe to have sexual intercourse with them because they may infect you. We advise you to abstain from having sexual intercourse with them but in case you can‟t; Use condoms Test for HIV and know both you and your partner‟s status. About power The electricity you are bringing for us, is it 3-Phase or the lower voltage connection we use in our houses? It is 3-Phase (medium voltage) but the company may decide to give you a bonus of just a few poles of low voltage electricity.
For us to get electricity, we all have to allow REA to install poles on our land. But what if someone does not consent, will that stop electricity installation in our area? REA mainly uses road reserves to install the infrastructure. But where it is not available, it will request people to allow them use a small piece of their land. And if some do not consent, REA will find a different route to make sure you get electricity.
There were some officials from REA who came here some time back. They told us where the poles will be installed and who will be affected. Since then some people have died and some properties have changed ownership. How will you handle that? When the actual installation of electricity lines is about to start, another team from REA will come and conduct valuation and identify property owners with the help of your leaders.
Other concerns Some of us are in the process of acquiring loans to purchase solar. But now that you are here, we would like you to tell us when we are getting this electricity. There are different stages undertaken before the final implementation. This is like the final stage before actual construction of lines. So after we submit our report and it is approved, it will take like eight months to procure a contractor to come and install the lines.
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page205
Electricity contractors are vulgar and don‟t respect communities they work in. some even defile kids. Please bring disciplined contractors and we shall do our part of sensitization and abstinence. We shall deliver your request to REA. Can we write to REA to disqualify a contractor/employee that has misbehaved? Absolutely. You can form a committee in charge of this project which report such issues. But you can also do it individually or through your local leaders.
Some contractors want bribes to be able to hire us for some jobs. That is wrong and do not encourage it. You should report it to the authorities in case it happens. Consultant: Is there anyone not interested in this project? Members: No one. We all want electricity.
Meeting held with PAPs of Mazinga Village, Mazinga Parish Buwunga Sub County
Meeting held with Name Designation Mazinga village Project affected communities Purpose of meeting: To obtain technical and social economic input into the Environmental and Social Impact Assessment process for the proposed 33kV in the Masaka, Butamabala, Gomba and Mukono Districts Date held & Place: 15th July 2017 Mazinga village L.C I meeting place, Mazinga Parish Buwunga Sub county. Present: Mr. Peter Isamat Sociologist (GIDS) Ms. Norah Aweno Ms. Pearl Katwesigye Responses to issues raised by the consultant (quoted verbatim)
Anticipated positive Add value to our produce through agro processing impacts Develop our area thorough factories, welding Facilitate domestic services like cooking, ironing, refrigeration Conserve our environment especially forests due to reduced tree cutting for firewood Improved communication and technology through use of phone, computers Check rural-urban migration through employment creation Improve security Improve our health facilities Improve the quality of our education Improve our health by through using a clean source of energy unlike kerosene and firewood Negative impacts Accidents due to short-circuit Poverty due to high electricity bills Insecurity
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page206
Promote gambling Overpopulation which may reduce land for agriculture Electricity fluctuations Illegal connections Electricity contractor/workers are vulgar
Suggested mitigation measures: Sensitisation of communities about the risks of poor electricity usage Increase security if possible put a police post in the area Save electricity through use of energy savers Form a liaison office in the area Regular supervision by REA or other service provider Report illegal connections Create electricity committees to solve electricity related problems Sensitise households on electricity usage
About power How much does it cost to install electricity in my house? extension That will be determined by your service provider. They will inspect and determine how much it will cost. What distance is going to be considered to install electricity in the villages that are far from the main roads? REA will bring medium voltage electricity, it may install a transformer and like 3 or 4 poles of low voltage electricity. The other connections will be made by your service provider for example UMEME. What if I don‟t consent to the line going through my land? REA will seek each of the project affected person‟s consent but where it is denied, there will be a diversion to areas where land owners consent. About compensation Power line clearing destroys some trees and crops. Are they compensated? They are illegally planted so they are not compensated. If a pole is installed in my house, don‟t I get compensation for it? REA tries as much as possible to install these lines in road reserves. Only when the road reserve is unavailable do they install it on private property but even then it is very rare to install it in someone‟s house. But if it happens, the owner gets compensation. How big is a road reserve? Approximately 6 meters from the center of the road.
About the service We have received different groups from REA telling us about this provider electricity but we have never got it. How do we know it‟s not a hoax? We gave our introduction letter to your leaders and you can verify from it that we were contracted by REA. Different studies have to be conducted before electricity is installed. That is why you‟re getting different groups coming to conduct such studies. But you will get electricity. Will the first people to install electricity get some subsidies like reduction in connection fee? That will be between you and your service provider. We know that government through REA is bringing us electricity but our
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page207
leaders (MPs and LCs) claim they are the ones bringing it. Is it true? Your leaders are government representatives in your areas so they help in implementing government projects.
About anticipated The jobs that you said are available for us on this project, who offers jobs them and how do we contact them? Organize yourselves through your local leaders, identify work that you can do and when the construction contractor comes, you can ask him for the available jobs.
Meeting held with PAPs of Karugondo Village, Kamwozi Parish Buwunga Sub County Meeting held with Name Designation Karugondo community Project affected communities Purpose of meeting: To obtain technical and social economic input into the Environmental and Social Impact Assessment process for the proposed 33kV in the Masaka, Butamabala, Gomba and Mukono Districts Date held & Place: 16th July 2017 Karugondo trading centre, Kamwozi Parish, Buwunga sub county. Present: Mr. Peter Isamat Sociologist (GIDS) Ms. Norah Amweno Pearl Katwesigye Responses to issues raised by the consultant (quoted verbatim)
When do you think we shall get this electricity you are talking about? There are different stages undertaken before the final implementation but this is like the final stage before actual construction of lines. So after we submit our report and it is approved, it will take like eight months to procure a contractor to come and install the lines. About power If a pole is installed in my compound, do I pay the same connection fee connection as someone far from the pole? Connection fee is uniform, the only extra charge paid by a person far from the pole is if they have to install more poles to reach their home. If a pole is installed on my land but I can‟t afford to install electricity in my house, how will I Can‟t the government connect my house? Government cannot afford to install electricity for individuals. If the pole is installed in your land, it will be your service to your community. Can‟t the government pay connection for the needy, widows and orphans in our communities? That is not government policy but we can include in our recommendations. How do know the quality of raw materials like poles, wires yet we don‟t have any expertise? REA sets standards for the contractors they hire so don‟t worry about the quality of materials. They will be of the required standard. Can‟t we have a main switch for the village so that someone can switch off electricity in case there is need like in case of a fault somewhere?
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page208
That kind of switch will only be available to your service provider to regulate your supply. Power quantities Do we have enough electricity in Uganda? Will it be enough for all of us? Yes we have enough electricity in Uganda and we are still generating more at Karuma. So it will be enough.
Meeting held with PAPs in Bukinda Village, Ggulama Parish Buwunga Sub County Meeting held with Name Designation Bukinda Nateete Village Project affected communities Purpose of meeting: To obtain technical and social economic input into the Environmental and Social Impact Assessment process for the proposed 33kV in the Masaka, Butamabala, Gomba and Mukono Districts Date held & Place: 16th July 2017 GgulamaTrading centre Present: Mr. Peter Isamat Sociologist (GIDS) Ms. Norah Responses to issues raised by the consultant (quoted verbatim)
About the project Government told us that electricity is free. Is that true? and connection to You will not pay for the electricity that REA is going to install that is three power phase and maybe a few extra low voltage poles. However you‟ll pay to install electricity in your houses and the subsequent power bills according to usage. If my neighbor gets his house connected from my pole, doe he/she pay me? No she/he pays to your service provider. Once you pay for a pole, it is not your property but your service providers. So I have power to allow or reject the electricity line from being installed on my property? Yes you do. Before they construct anything on your land, they seek your consent. If you don‟t accept, they cannot force you. About accidents Sometimes poles fall and wires break and kill people. Do you compensate for the deaths? We need to do some inquiry about that but I think they first conduct investigations and find out the cause of accident before any action is made. Because sometimes such accidents are provoked by people who tamper the electricity infrastructure for personal benefits. Who will be our service provider?
Service provider We cannot answer that because we don‟t know who will be contracted but in most areas it is UMEME so maybe he will be contracted for this place but we don‟t know that for sure.
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page209
Meeting held with the District Health Inspector Meetings held with Name Designation District Health Inspector Purpose of meeting To gather views and perceptions on the proposed construction of 33KV Electricity grid extension lines and the associated LV Reticulations for the proposed lines in Masaka District. Date held and place 14TH, July 2017, Masaka District Health and Safety Office
Present Norah Amweno, Pearl Katwesige, Fred Nkuruziza Responses to issues raised by the consultant and the Health Inspector (quoted verbatim) Attitude/concerns Consultant: What is your attitude/concerns towards the extension of power lines to this area? Response: My attitude is positive we need in these areas. However, I hope the lines are not going to pass through people‟s houses because it will affect them. Problems, issues and Consultant: What problems, issues and challenges are likely to be challenges encountered in the vicinity Response: We have some forest reserves; I hope the lines are going to avoid them. In some places where the lines pass they clear tees hence affecting the environment. The people seem not to have an activity to replace the trees i don‟t see it where it has been done apart from clearing the vegetation for example here in Masaka I don‟t see it, I don‟t know whether it is part of the contract. The issue of HIV/AIDS is very high here. You are aware these are landing sites and the prevalence of HIV is 30 percent. Electricity accidents are common. For example here in Masaka (Chirumba, Katwe, Butebo division) about 4 years ago a certain woman had gone to dig and wires fell on her and killing her instantly
Consultant: What recommendations do you suggest to make sure the project is well executed Response: I want them to replace the trees that will be cut.
They musthave plans to control HIV/AIDS. There should be sensitizations for both people going to work and for the community. Measures should be put in place to avoid accidents for example wires breaking and landing. Recommendations Sensitize the community before or after about the dangers of power, you have seen people trying to tap electricity from lines and they get shocked I don‟t have any comments in relation to gender When you take such extensions to those places, there are factories that require high voltage lines if you are able please connect.
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page210
Meeting held with district Lands Officer
Meetings held with Name Designation District lands Officer Purpose of meeting To gather views and perceptions on the proposed construction of 33KV Electricity grid extension lines and the associated LV Reticulations for the proposed lines in Masaka District. Date held and place 14TH, July 2017, Masaka District Lands Office Present Norah Amweno, Pearl Katwesige, Fred Nkuruziza Responses to issues raised by the consultant and the Lands Officer (quoted verbatim)
Attitude/concerns Consultant: What is your attitude/concerns towards the extension of power lines to this area?
Response: Such a project is good; we expect development as long as you sensitize people about it . Problems, issues and Consultant: What problems, issues and challenges are likely to be challenges encountered in the vicinity? Response: I anticipate political interferences and rigidities by the community if they are not compensated.
Consultant: What recommendations do you suggest to make sure the project is well executed Recommendations Response: Adequately compensate people, consult with different stakeholders and political heads and make them appreciate the benefits of the project. Include local people as well to get their consent. Replace all trees cut to avoid environmental degradation. In relation to gender, these days we encourage women to own property and to compete favorable with men so they should not be left out for the jobs that will be created for there is nothing that men do these days that women can‟t do. Monitoring and supervision of the project should be done.
Date 15th, July 2017 meeting at Kayijja Village, Bulando Parish, Buwunga Subcounty
Chairman: We have a team from Kampala who have been sent to consult us. Let me take this opportunity to welcome them to this area. The people gathered here are all residents from within here while others are representing the neighboring villages. We are happy and eager to hear the message you have brought for us. Without wasting anytime let me invite them to speak to us, team please the floor is yours.
Team: We are consultants from GIDS Consult. We have been contracted by REA to conduct an environmental and social impact assessment for the extension of electricity power lines to villages here that do not have power. The purpose of this meeting is to inform you about this project because the existing environmental laws and regulations requires that individuals, groups and institutions that are considered to possess vested interest in the proposed development of the project to be involved in the assessment. Basically we want to discuss with you to ensure that your views and concerns are taken into consideration. The electricity line
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page211 may pass in your lands and may disrupt your activity so we want to hear from you so that the issues can be addressed in a proper manner without jeopardizing and ones interest. It will be a 3 phase line that will be installed, poles will be provided by REA at a free cost but connection into the house will be done by UMEME and it will be charged. Please feel free to discuss with us.
Questions and Answers Q: Is this electricity going to be free of charge? A: No it will not be free you will have to pay for connection into your house and to manage your own bills Q: How much money will be charged? A: UMEME will charge according to their tariff. They will be using prepaid meters. Q: This is a village and most people are poor will the tariffs be reduced so that the rural people can afford? A: The tariff will be the same (fixed) Q: Will there be compensation if a line passes on my garden? A: Yes there will be compensation for damages to crops on that garden but not for land because REA does not compensate for land. Q: What is the mode of compensation? A: We shall ask you to form a committee to work with. That committee should comprise of the chairperson, some trusted people and those who can read and write. Q: How will the compensation rates be determined? A: We shall work with the District Valuer who will be able to value and determine the amount to be compensated Q: How much space will be used for the poles? A: It will be 10m (5meters to the left and five to the right) Q: What kind of poles are you going to use? A: We are going to have treated poles. Q: How do you determine the size of the road reserve? A: The road reserve extends 15 meters to each side from the middle of the road Q: Will there be some jobs? A: There will be jobs; we shall recommend the contractor to use local labour. Q: When will this project start? A: It will start eight months from the time we submit this report Q: Are you the last people to consult here A: Yes we are the last people, and it‟s the report they are waiting for before installation begins Q: We were told the contractor is from China is it true? A: We know there will be a contractor from anywhere either China or here in Uganda
Conclusion: I have nothing else to comment on but to appreciate and thank you so much for coming and safe journey back.
Date 15th July 2017 meeting at Kasaka Village, Kasaka Zone A&B Emilio Parish, Buwunga Subcounty
Chairman: Good morning everybody, thank you for coming in such big numbers. Amidst us are visitors form Kampala who have come to talk to us. Our visitors you are most welcome. We are very happy to have you here. They have come to tell us about electricity (Masanyalaze) which
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page212 government is proposing to bring here. Such a project brings development we are very happy to hear this. I don‟t want to waste anymore time let me invite them to talk to us.
Team: We are consultants; we work for Green Impact Development Services that was contracted by REA to conduct Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for electricity. We want to engage you to capture your views and opinions about having electricity in this area. Let us discuss please and ask questions for anything you want to know.
Questions and answers Q: Shall we pay any money before the power is brought here? A: No you will not be asked to pay any money but only when connecting to your house you will have to pay Q: People want to be connected to electricity, but the cost is high. Are the charges going to be lowered? A: No UMEME charges are fixed throughout the country Q: Will there be compensation where the lines will pass? A: Yes people will be compensated for damages caused but not for land Q: How will it be done? A: You will be required to form a committee to make sure that the right people get paid. The committee shall consist of the Chairperson, and some other trusted people and those who are able to read and write. The Committee shall work with the contractor through the LC Chairman. Q: What if the poles go through my house will I be compensated? A: REA will observe the road as much as possible. It‟s very rare that the power lines can go over a building but if it happens REA will negotiate with the owner. If you have constructed on a road reserve it won‟t be compensated Q: You have said that where the pole will be put if the crops are for a wife she is to be compensated but what if the land belongs to the man (husband)? A: The woman is to be compensated because the crops are hers but not for the man Q: What if the wife has divorced what happens? A: Still the crops remain hers and whatever compensation made is to be given to her. Q: What if the value of the crops is one hundred and fifty thousand and for example I give her fifty thousand is that bad? A: Yes that is wrong; all the money should be hers Q Is electricity going to be paid by meter reading, or will it be prepaid? A: It will be prepaid. Q: Won‟t the line have an effect on our health? A: Our line is not a high voltage line, like the 132 kV. It is a normal one, and there will be minimal effect on health Q: How much land will be required for digging the poles? A: It will require 10meters
GOMBA DISTRICT
Meeting held with Chief Administrative Officer
Meetings held with Name Designation Danson Yiga Chief Administrative Officer Purpose of meeting To gather views and perceptions on the proposed construction of 33KV Electricity grid extension lines and the associated LV Reticulations for the proposed lines in Gomba District. Date held and place 18th, July 2017 (CAOs Office at Gomba District Headquarters)
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page213
Present Norah Amweno, Fred Nkuruziza Responses to issues raised by the consultant and the CAO (quoted verbatim) Attitude/concerns Consultant: What is your attitude/concerns towards the extension of power lines to this area? Problems, issues and challenges Response: We are grateful to government to extend power to the underserved areas. The project should be implemented so soon as possible you don‟t need to wait too long after announcing. This power extension should cover many places
Consultant: What problems, issues and challenges are likely to be encountered in the vicinity?
Recommendations Response: I saw in one place where there are challenges of swamps which might be reclaimed.
Consultant:Consultant: What recommendations do you suggest to make sure the project is well executed Response: For areas where there are swamps, materials to be used during installation should be strong eg poles. Mitigation measures for tree planting wherever the environment will be degraded should be considered. In cases of compensation issues should be resolvedPublicity to stakeholders to know exactly what the project is about
I don‟t know how extensive the project will cover but recommend that public institutions should be reached eg where there is a nearby school or health centre. More appraisals should be done to see if those institutions can be covered. REA should consider areas with potential growth centres to establish cottage industries. Sensitizations should be done to address theft like removing wires. Arrangements should be made with police and other stakeholders to see that rackets are removed.
Meeting held with District Education Officer Meetings held with Name Designation Godfrey Kalyango District Education officer Purpose of meeting To gather views and perceptions on the proposed construction of 33KV Electricity grid extension lines and the associated LV Reticulations for the proposed lines in Gomba District. Date held and place 18th, July 2017 Gomba District (Education officers Office) Present Norah Amweno, Fred Nkuruziza Responses to issues raised by the consultant and the District Education Officer (quoted verbatim)
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page214
Attitude/concerns Consultant: What is your attitude/concerns towards the extension of power lines to this area? Response: We are interested in having power here especially in the education sector. I pray the idea materializes am very much in support
Problems, issues Consultant: What problems, issues and challenges are likely to be and challenges encountered in the vicinity? Response: Transport is a big challenge the terrain is so bad especially when it rainsthe roads are not passable. Some places are water logged eg Kyambobo Parish in Maddu Subcounty. People here value their land and therefore may try to resist and more so the area being a cattle corridor people treasure their cattle including life therefore compliance may be an issue. Security is not okey, i image the very people who will be working may come back to steal for eg oil from transformers.
Consultant: What recommendations do you suggest to make sure the project is well executed Recommendations Response: Lines will trespass peoples land so the need for compensation. Since the terrain is not good it‟s important to be sensitive to periods when constructing the line. Use community leaders to mobilize, allocate time for community sensitization/create awareness to the public. Let people buy the idea, own it and embrace it but if they allocate less time they may lose it.
Meeting held with the District Production Officer Meetings held with Name Designation District Production Officer Purpose of meeting To gather views and perceptions on the proposed construction of 33KV Electricity grid extension lines and the associated LV Reticulations for the proposed lines in Gomba District. Date held and place 18th, July 2017 (District Production Officers office at Gomba) Present Norah Amweno, Fred Nkuruziza Responses to issues raised by the consultant and the Production Officer (quoted verbatim)
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page215
Attitude/concerns Consultant: What is your attitude/concerns towards the extension of power lines to this area?
Response: Am interested.
Problems, issues Consultant: What problems, issues and challenges are likely to be and challenges encountered in the vicinity? Response: Environmental degradation as trees will be cut and other sensitive ecosystems like wetlands will be reclaimed to create pathways. The cost of power is too high that many people may not afford to connect
Consultant: What recommendations do you suggest to make sure the project is well executed Recommendations Response: Try to avoid lines passing in areas where there are trees Power tariffs should be reduced to enable the local people to connect.
Meeting held with District Engineer Meetings held with Name Designation Herbert Mutyaba District Engineer Purpose of meeting To gather views and perceptions on the proposed construction of 33KV Electricity grid extension lines and the associated LV Reticulations for the proposed lines in Gomba District. Date held and place 18th, July 2017 (District Engineers office at Gomba) Present Norah Amweno, Fred Nkuruziza, Pearl Katwesige Responses to issues raised by the consultant and the District Engineer (quoted verbatim) Attitude/concerns Consultant: What is your attitude/concerns towards the extension of power lines to this area?
Problems, issues Response: I support the idea and challenges Consultant: What problems, issues and challenges are likely to be encountered in the vicinity?
Response: The voltage is a bit high, most people most people where the lines will pass will be affected. Seek the consent of the people before implementing the project. Where the lines pass some crops will be damaged. Water sources may be affected hence the need for proper surveys to be done. Some people may not afford and try to tap leading to serious injuries and in most cases death. Gender is an issue to address both the community and the project workers may get overwhelmed when they get money from the project and misbehave by over drinking stimulating HIV.
Recommendations Consultant: What recommendations do you suggest to make sure the project is well executed
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page216
Response: Comprehensive baseline survey should be done including all aspects social, economic and environmental. REA should compensate people who will be affected. Sensitization and awareness about HIV should be created in the community.
Meeting held with District Health Inspector
Meetings held with Name Designation Fred Mugera District Health Inspector Purpose of meeting To gather views and perceptions on the proposed construction of 33KV Electricity grid extension lines and the associated LV Reticulations for the proposed lines in Gomba District. Date held and place - 18th, July 2017 (District Health inspectors Office at Gomba) Present Norah Amweno, Fred Nkuruziza Responses to issues raised by the consultant and the District Health inspector(quoted verbatim) Attitude/concerns Consultant: What is your attitude/concerns towards the extension of power lines to this area?
Response: Am interested in this project. Problems, issues and challenges Consultant: What problems, issues and challenges are likely to be encountered in the vicinity? Response: People are most likely to be displaced and may not have where to go. Another issue is the influx of people in the area which will come along with HIV and other diseases. Sanitation will be a problem as people will be working in the field where there are no toilets and there will be cases of open defecation contaminating gardens/fields of crops. Wastes such as wires poles and packaging materials will be an issue to deal with.
Recommendations Consultant: What recommendations do you suggest to make sure the project is well executed Response: I recommend the use of mobile toilets to dispose off human waste. For solid waste they should use waste management bins that should be collected every end of day and disposed off in appropriate places. Compensation package should be given to the affected people. Police posts to be introduced at centres where people congregate. Sensitizations of the community on HIV/AIDS as well as distribution of condoms.
Meeting held with District Physical Planner
Meetings held with Name Designation Nakibuuka Madina District Physical planner Purpose of meeting To gather views and perceptions on the proposed construction of 33KV Electricity grid extension lines and the associated LV Reticulations for
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page217
the proposed lines in Gomba District. Date held and place 18th, July 2017 (District Physical planner office at Gomba) Present Norah Amweno, Fred Nkuruziza, Pearl Katwesige Responses to issues raised by the consultant and the Physical planner (quoted verbatim) Attitude/concerns Consultant: What is your attitude/concerns towards the extension of power lines to this area?
Response: I welcome the project it is very good for development.
Consultant: What problems, issues and challenges are likely to be Problems, issues encountered in the vicinity? and challenges Response: Environmental degradation will be a problem because some trees will have to be cut where the lines are passing. I also see land conflict as some people may refuse to give in their land. Different types of wastes will be generated which may lead to pollution of the area.
Recommendations Consultant: What recommendations do you suggest to make sure the project is well executed Response: Community sensitization about the project should be taken into consideration so that the people own the project and not saying that it is for government. In addition the people should be compensated; village leaders should identify those land owners. Planting of trees should be emphasized to control environmental degradation. Dumping pits for wastes should be provided.
Meeting held with District Environment Officer
Meetings held with Name Designation Prossy Nawedde District Environment Officer Purpose of meeting To gather views and perceptions on the proposed construction of 33KV Electricity grid extension lines and the associated LV Reticulations for the proposed lines in Gomba District. Date held and place 18th, July 2017 (District Natural Resource Office at Gomba) Present Norah Amweno, Fred Nkuruziza Responses to issues raised by the consultant and the Natural Resource Officer (quoted verbatim)
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page218
Attitude/concerns Consultant: What is your attitude/concerns towards the extension of power lines to this area?
Response: I support the project for the benefits of power
Problems, issues Consultant: What problems, issues and challenges are likely to be and challenges encountered in the vicinity? Response: Resistance as people see World Bank with a Lot of money. Some people will complain that their gardens were destroyed and they have undervalued the rate of destruction, such complaints will be unavoidable. Consultant: What recommendations do you suggest to make sure the project is well executed Response: Sensitization to make people aware of the project and Recommendations what type of compensation they should expect. Compensation should be considered to whoever will be affected.
MINUTES OF COMMUNITY MEETINGS IN GOMBA
Date 18th, July 2017 Mamba Village, Mamba Parish, Kyegonza Subcounty Chairman: Let me take this opportunity to welcome everybody to this meeting. Thank you for coming on time it is exactly 12:00 noon the time we agreed to meet. People at a distance please extend closer. Our visitors have come to tell us about extension of power to our villages here. I warmly welcome the project it is good for development. Physical planning needs facility like electricity and if it is put in place, the area will develop which is of great value to the community.
Team: We are environmental consultants contracted by REA. We are here to conduct an environmental and social impact assessment for the extension of electricity power lines to villages in this area. The purpose of this meeting is to inform you about this project because the existing environmental laws and regulations requires that individuals, groups and institutions that are considered to possess vested interest in the proposed development of the project to be involved in the assessment. Basically we want to capture your views and concerns on the proposed project. The electricity line may pass in your lands and may disrupt your activity so we want to hear from you so that the issues can be addressed in a proper manner without jeopardizing any ones interest. The electricity is going to be a 3 phase line, all the poles will be provided by government free of charge but connection into the household will have to be paid for. Let us have a discussion and we encourage everybody to participate and ask questions as well.
Questions and answers Q: When will the project start? A: The project has already started, but there is a procurement process to be followed to select the contractor, but from now count about eight months. Q: If somebody is not interested in having power but the poles have to go through his land will he get compensated A: Yes he will be compensated for damages to crops and property but not for land. They will value the crops on that land and give compensation worthy the crops damaged.
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page219
Q: What if I am not interested in having the electricity poles in my land can I refuse the poles to be there? A: It‟s an areas development initiated by government and so it‟s unavoidable. No one can refuse it. Q: In case of compensation shall we be visited individually or through community meetings? A: Compensation issues will be handled individually. We shall ask you to form a committee with representatives from Local Council and neighbors to make sure we are paying to the right person. Q: What if a line passes over my house will I be compensated? A: REA shall avoid crossing houses over houses. It will observe road reserve but if it happens, REA will negotiate with the owner. Q: Why do you compensate only for damages and not for land? A: It will be very costly to compensate for land because government doesn‟t have enough money to buy all the land under all power lines in Uganda. Q: What if the money delays or is diverted to other things? A: You need to speak to the area member of parliament to push forward because he has the authority to do that Q: The problem is that you come without any document showing what the first consultants did and where you are taking on from? A: We came with an introductory letter and have given it to the chairman Q: Is this electricity going to be free? A: No it will be at a cost Q: How much money will be charged? A: UMEME will charge according to their tariff. Conclusion Chairman: We thank you for informing us on this project.
Date 18th, July 2017 Mawuki Village, Mawuki East/West Parish, Kaburasoke Subcounty
Chairman: We are happy to have visitors from Kampala who have come to do consultations with us about extending electricity (Masanyalaze) to our village. It is a very good idea because it has been long overdue since presidential elections. I support this project. We are badly off, we shall be grateful to have power here in Mawuki village. We have written letters but it has taken long. Members of parliament have deceived us just to get votes.
Team: We are environmental consultants; we have been contracted by REA to come and consult you about electricity line that government is proposing to extend her. We want to know your opinions, challenges and suggestions. Please feel free to interact with us and don‟t hesitate to ask questions where necessary.
Questions and Answers Q: If a pole comes in my land will you compensate me? A: Compensation will be made for crops and trees but not for land. Q: How will we pay for electricity, once we get it? A: It will most likely be through a prepaid system, (Yakaa) like the airtime you are using for your Phones. We do not know how much connection fee will be charged, but at least you will have to arrange wiring and fixtures in your houses. Q: Is there any chance to get jobs during line construction? A: Yes there will be jobs Q: Will it require any qualification? A: There will be jobs such as digging holes which will not require any qualification.
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page220
Q: Is there a chance for women also to get some income? For instance cooking? A: Definitely they will need food and water, washing cLoths etc Q: How are you going to coordinate the process of compensation? A: We shall liaise with the Local Chairmen and neighbors in order to establish who owns the affected land or crops. Q: What is the distance there needs to be between the house and a pole? A: The distance should be at least 10 meters. You cannot build any closer than that. Q: Is this project going to be a reality because we have had members of parliament who have deceived us several times of the same issue and it has never come true A: Yes this project is going to be implemented here Q: If a wire passes via a building what will happen? A: No pole will affect a building Q: When will this plan start? Q: it has already stated, only the government still has to select a contractor to come on ground to do the construction
BUTAMBALA DISTRICT
Meeting held with the Chief Administrative Officer
Meetings held with Name Designation Chief Administrative Officer Purpose of meeting To gather views and perceptions on the proposed construction of 33KV Electricity grid extension lines and the associated LV Reticulations for the proposed lines in Butambala District. Date held and place 19th, July 2017 Chief Administrative Officers office at Butambala Present Norah Amweno Fred Nkuruziza, Derrick Agaba Responses to issues raised by the consultant and the CAO (quoted verbatim) Attitude/concerns Consultant: What is your attitude/concerns towards the extension of power lines to this area?
Response: Am grateful for government‟s initiative to extend power to these areas. There is need to ensure the implementation does not take long. Problems, issues and challenges Consultant: What problems, issues and challenges are likely to be encountered in the vicinity
Response: The community might expect a Lot which REA may not be able to offer hence leading to resistance
Recommendations Consultant: What recommendations do you suggest to make sure the project is well executed Response: Sensitize the community before implementation of the project. Inform the Local Councils to tell you what should be done and where exactly and know how you are going to help the people.
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page221
Meeting held with the Senior Procurement Officer
Meetings held with Name Designation Isaac Senyomo District Senior Procurement Officer Purpose of meeting To gather views and perceptions on the proposed construction of 33KV Electricity grid extension lines and the associated LV Reticulations for the proposed lines in Butambala District. Date held and place 19th, July 2017 (District Headquarters Procurement Office) Present Norah Amweno, Fred Nkuruziza Derrick Agaba Responses to issues raised by the consultant and the Procurement Officer (quoted verbatim) Attitude/concerns Consultant: What is your attitude/concerns towards the extension of power lines to this area? Response: It is a good idea, we shall be grateful to have power here because many businesses have not been doing well due to lack of Problems, issues power and challenges Consultant: What problems, issues and challenges are likely to be encountered in the vicinity?
Recommendations Response: Resistance from the community
Consultant: What recommendations do you suggest to make sure the project is well executed? Community sensitization and awareness about the project Charges of poles should be free Power pricing should be lowered for everybody in the village to afford Employed should be given to local residents to improve their livelihoods Select suppliers for transformers
Meeting held with District Production Officer
Meetings held with Name Designation Robert Ssentongo District Production officer Purpose of meeting To gather views and perceptions on the proposed construction of 33KV Electricity grid extension lines and the associated LV Reticulations for the proposed lines in Butambala District. Date held and place 19TH July 2017 District Headquarters Present Norah Amweno, Fred Nkuruziza, Derrick Agaba Responses to issues raised by the consultant and the CAO (quoted verbatim) Attitude/concerns Consultant: What is your attitude/concerns towards the extension of power lines to this area? Response: I support the idea because it is good for development Problems, issues and challenges Consultant: What problems, issues and challenges are likely to be encountered in the vicinity?
Response: People may try to resist if they are not well informed,
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page222
mobilized and sensitized about the project. The area will also attract wrong doers leading to high crime rates Recommendations Consultant: What recommendations do you suggest to make sure the project is well executed? People should be sensitized to create harmony Set up police posts to prevent crime Construct stores for equipments and tools
Meeting held with the District Engineer
Meetings held with Name Designation District Engineer Purpose of meeting To gather views and perceptions on the proposed construction of 33KV Electricity grid extension lines and the associated LV Reticulations for the proposed lines in Butambala District. Date held and place 19th, July 2017 District Headquarters Present Norah Amweno, Fred Nkuruziza, Derrick Agaba Responses to issues raised by the consultant and the District Engineer (quoted verbatim) Attitude/concerns Consultant: What is your attitude/concerns towards the extension of power lines to this area?
Response: It is a good idea to extend power to this area.
Problems, issues Consultant: What problems, issues and challenges are likely to be and challenges encountered in the vicinity? Response: People are most likely to be displaced and may not have where to go. Another issue is the influx of people in the area which will come along with HIV and other diseases. Sanitation will be a problem as people will be working in the field where there are no toilets and there will be cases of open defecation contaminating gardens/fields of crops. Wastes such as wires poles and packaging materials will be an issue to deal with. Consultant: What recommendations do you suggest to make sure the project is well executed Recommendations Response: I recommend the use of mobile toilets to dispose off human waste. For solid waste they should use waste management bins that should be collected every end of day and disposed off in appropriate places. Compensation package should be given to the affected people. Police posts to be introduced at centres where people congregate. Sensitizations of the community on HIV/AIDS as well as distribution of condoms
Meeting held with the District Water Officer
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page223
Meetings held with Name Designation District Water Officer Purpose of meeting To gather views and perceptions on the proposed construction of 33KV Electricity grid extension lines and the associated LV Reticulations for the proposed lines in Butambala District. Date held and place 19th, July 2017 District Headquarters Present Norah Amweno, Fred Nkuruziza, Derrick Agaba Responses to issues raised by the consultant and the Water Officer (quoted verbatim) Attitude/concerns Consultant: What is your attitude/concerns towards the extension of power lines to this area? Response: I embrace the idea and pray that it materializes because for long most of these areas have been underserved and the people have suffered a Lot.
Problems, issues Consultant: What problems, issues and challenges are likely to be and challenges encountered in the vicinity and how they should be addressed?
Response: People are likely to be displaced from the surveyed land. The wetlands are also likely to be destroyed. Trees will be cut down. Sexual issues for example men‟s wives might divorce and engage those men coming to work on the project. There will be waste from cutting of trees, poles (wood waste) and wires which if nor properly managed will degrade the environment.
Recommendations Response: Sensitize the people, engage community dialogue and tell the people the best and worst they can expect, the impact will be minimal. There is need to be sure of the effect of the electro-magnetic radiations The need to know what type of environment will be affected eg wetlands, Arable land and the extent of the effect and replenishing of the destroyed environment. I assume there will be no noise effect. Provide condoms, put up signages for health and safety. Recycling of wastes should be taken into consideration.
MINUTES OF CONSULTATION MEETINGS WITH SELECTED COMMUNITIES IN BUTAMBALA
19TH, July 2017 Lwangala Jumbi Village, Golola Sabawali Parish, Mpenjja Subcounty Chairman LC1: You are all welcome for this meeting. The people gathered here are coming from several villages. The biggest problem here is lack of electricity and we cannot do much despite the fact that we are farmers involved in quite a number of agricultural enterprises. If this dream comes true I believe many people will benefit in terms of increased business opportunities better services in schools and hospitals etc. I ask everybody to support this project because we cannot bring it on our own. Please listen to the consultants as they speak to us. Team: We are environmental consultants contracted by REA. We are here to conduct an environmental and social impact assessment for the extension of electricity power lines to
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page224 villages in this area. The purpose of this meeting is to inform you about this project because the existing environmental laws and regulations requires that individuals, groups and institutions that are considered to possess vested interest in the proposed development of the project to be involved in the assessment. Basically we want to capture your views and concerns on the proposed project. The electricity line may pass in your lands and may disrupt your activity so we want to hear from you so that the issues can be addressed in a proper manner without jeopardizing any ones interest. The electricity is going to be a 3 phase line, all the poles will be provided by government free of charge but connection into the household will have to be paid for. Nobody should come and ask you for money saying that they are bringing power, they will be thieves. Let us have a discussion and we encourage everybody to participate and ask questions as well.
Questions and answers Q: We need power but two groups of people have come here telling us the same thing how can we be sure it will come A: This is very true you will get power Q: When will the project start? A: The project has already started but selective bidding to select the contractor has to be done. We believe in eight months from the time we submit our report the construction will start . Q: You have talked about compensation for crops, but what about bare land? Are you going to compensate for that? A: No. There shall be no compensation for bare land. Q: How many meters will the construction take? A: It will take 10 meters? Q: Is it government doing this or the Member of Parliament? A: This is a government project through REA. Q: If I manage to connect power to my house but fail to get salary on time can I borrow or transfer my credit? A: No it‟s not like airtime you can‟t borrow; once you buy units when it gets over you must buy again Q: What happens if someone plants a tree where the line has been surveyed? A: That will not be compensated Q: Are there some jobs that will be created? A: Yes jobs will be there the contractor will work with the chairman who will recommend the people to be employed especially those who are active and ready to work Q: How many poles will be given? A: There will be four poles Q: This is a village and most people are poor will the tariffs be reduced so that the rural people can afford? A: The tariff will be the same (fixed) Q: Are you going to use the road reserve? A: Yes Q: In this project, if you have installed the line, who takes care of it, such as poles falling and such things?
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page225
A: It will be the operator (UMEME) Conclusion: We are grateful to government to extend power to our village we need to ensure that we tap this opportunity because we have waited too long. Thank you our visitors for coming and we wish you well as you go back home.
Date: 19th July, 2017 meeting at Kasasa Village, Nakijuku Parish, Kyegonza Subcounty Chairman: We have a team from Kampala who have been sent to consult us. Let me take this opportunity to welcome them to this area. The people gathered here are all residents from within here while others are representing the neighboring villages. We are interested in power because security is not okey in our area here but with power we think things will be better. Also in the education sector our schools are not performing well because it is hard for children to study at night using Kerosene. Here we produce a Lot of milk but no processing machines due to lack of power. I pray the idea is quickly worked upon.
Team: We have been contracted by REA to come and consult you about the extension of electricity power lines to your area. It will be a three phase line that will be installed at trading centre. The poles will be provided free of charge. UMEME will do the wiring into houses but this will be at a cost. Let no body deceive you that that you have to pay some money. We encourage an open discussion, don‟t keep quite because at the end of the consultation we shall have to prepare a report and we want to ensure that all issues/concerns are captured in the report.
Questions and Answers Q: Will there be compensation? A: Yes they will compensate for damages. Q: shall we pay some money before the power is brought? A: No you won‟t pay any money and whoever asks for money from you is a thief. Nobody should come and deceive you to first collect money Q: When does the project begin? A: The project has already started; at this point we are the last people to do consultation with you. Otherwise the money is already earmarked. The minimum period is about eight months from now because the government has to procure a contractor for the project and it is a process to do the selection. Q: When a pole falls they wait for that person to die is that how UMEME works? A: No, there is a toll free line and a liaisons officer in case of emergency to be contacted Q: Are you going to buy land where you have poles? A: We are proposing to pay for having the poles in people‟s lands, but this is not the same as buying the land. We will not buy the land between the poles but we will only compensate for damage and destruction. Q: Will there be some jobs? A: Yes eg to cook; wash, fetch water, dig holes etc (casual work). We shall ask you to form committees through the LC1 chairman who will recommend people to work with the contractor. Such people should be trust worthy (not thieves) and hardworking. Q: What is the size of the road reserve? A: It is 15m from the middle of the road
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page226
Date: 19th July 2017 meeting at Mansankwa Village, Kibuga Parish, Budde Subcounty Chairman: Introduction I take the opportunity to welcome our visitors from REA who have brought for us good news about electricity. We are happy to see you here. You see here we are farmers we grow a Lot of coffee, cassava and we produce a Lot of milk but we are unable to process because of lack of power. We also have a Lot of youth who are so redundant but they wish if there was power they could engage in small business enterprises like welding, carpentry etc. I therefore ask everybody gathered here to support and embrace this project for the benefit of our community.
Team: Thank you, Mr. Chairman, for mobilizing people. We are consultants from GIDS Consult. We have been contracted by REA to conduct an environmental and social impact assessment for the extension of electricity power lines to villages in this area that do not have power. The purpose of this meeting is to engage you in the plan so that your concerns and issues are taken into consideration. The electricity that is going to be here will be a three phase line. Please feel free to interact with us and ask questions for anything you wish to know
Questions and answers Q: How long will it be before we have power here? A: It will take eight months from the time we submit this report Q: Will owners of the land be compensated? A: REA is not buying land, but will compensate for damage and destruction to crops and property Q: How will compensation be done? A: A land value will be brought to tell you what shall be paid. In addition you will need to have a committee to identify the owner who shall be paid so that not just anyone claims the compensation. The committee must be composed of trusted community members who can read and write because all claims and grievances shall be in written form. Q: Will this project create some employment? A: Yes we shall recommend the contractor to recruit locally. Q: Do we select a committee from the village or only were the lines are going to pass? A: Select from the village. The most important thing is to get the right people. Q: how are the towns going to be handled because there are many towns coming up (lines passing via houses?) A: REA will try as much as possible to observe the road reserve Q: What is the distance there needs to be between the house and a pole? A: The distance should be at least 10 meters. You cannot build any closer than that. Q: What type of power will it be is power or the old system? A: it will be Yakaa
MUKONO DISTRICT
Meeting held with the Chief Administrative Officer
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page227
Meetings held with Name Designation Chief Administrative Officer Purpose of meeting To gather views and perceptions on the proposed construction of 33KV Electricity grid extension lines and the associated LV Reticulations for the proposed lines in Mukono District. Date held and place 24th ,July2017 Mukono District Headquarters (CAOs Office) Present Norah Amweno, Fred Nkuruziza Responses to issues raised by the consultant and the CAO (quoted verbatim) Attitude/concerns Consultant: What is your attitude/concerns towards the extension of power lines to this area?
Response: It is a good idea and we shall be grateful because its been long since presidential elections.
Problems, issues Consultant: What problems, issues and challenges are likely to be and challenges encountered in the vicinity? Response: People may try to resist if they are not well informed, mobilized and sensitized about the project
Recommendations Consultant: What recommendations do you suggest to make sure the project is well executed? Involve councilors, let communities own the project to help avoid compensation issues and conflict over land. cooperation is highly needed.
Meeting held with Water Engineer
Meetings held with Name Designation District Water Engineer Purpose of meeting To gather views and perceptions on the proposed construction of 33KV Electricity grid extension lines and the associated LV Reticulations for the proposed lines in Mukono District. Date held and place 24th July 2017 Mukono District Headquarters (Water Department) Present Norah Amweno, Fred Nkuruziza Responses to issues raised by the consultant and the District Water Officer (quoted verbatim) Attitude/concerns Consultant: What is your attitude/concerns towards the extension of power lines to this area?
Problems, issues and challenges Response: It‟s a good idea and we are waiting for the opportunity to come . Consultant: What problems, issues and challenges are likely to be encountered in the vicinity?
Response: People are likely to be displaced from the surveyed land. Sexual issues for example men‟s wives might divorce and engage those men coming to work on the project and vice versa. Wastes will be
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page228
generated from cutting of trees, poles (wood waste) and wires which if nor properly managed will degrade the environment. The wetlands are also likely to be destroyed.
Consultant: What recommendations do you suggest to make sure the Recommendations project is well executed?
Response: Sensitize the people, engage community dialogue and tell the people the best and worst they can expect, the impact will be minimal. The need to know what type of environment will be affected eg wetlands, Arable land and the extent of the effect and replenishing of the destroyed environment. For Issues to do with HIV/AIDS provide condoms but also sensitize the community to control their behaviors such as over drinking. Put up signages for health and safety. Recycling of wastes should be taken into consideration.
Meeting held with District Community Development Officer
Meetings held with Name Designation District Community Development Officer Purpose of meeting To gather views and perceptions on the proposed construction of 33KV Electricity grid extension lines and the associated LV Reticulations for the proposed lines in Mukono District. Date held and place 24th July 2017 Mukono District Headquarters (District Community Development Office) Present Norah Amweno, Fred Nkuruziza Responses to issues raised by the consultant and the District Community Development Officer (quoted verbatim)
Attitude/concerns Consultant: What is your attitude/concerns towards the extension of power lines to this area?
Response: I welcome the idea because it is good for development purposes and it will benefit the community. Problems, issues and challenges Consultant: What problems, issues and challenges are likely to be encountered in the vicinity?
Response: The challenge of land ownership, identifying the true owners of the land may be a problem. Family wrangles still exist in these communities. There are graveyards and people have social attachments to them, how to move away the graves and the individuals may be a challenge. Endangered species exist which may be destroyed.
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page229
Recommendations Consultant: What recommendations do you suggest to make sure the project is well executed?
Response: I recommend compensate to the people who will be affected by the lines passing through their land or property. Women‟s consent should be taken into consideration. Children, orphans and people with disability should not be left out. In general having a better understanding of a household will be important as well as finding somebody to establish true ownership of land. Tree planting should be a requirement.
Meeting held with District Labour Officer
Meetings held with Name Designation District Labour Officer Purpose of meeting To gather views and perceptions on the proposed construction of 33KV Electricity grid extension lines and the associated LV Reticulations for the proposed lines in Mukono District. Date held and place 24th July 2017 Mukono District Headquarters (Labour Office ) Present Norah Amweno, Fred Nkuruziza Responses to issues raised by the consultant and the District Labour Officer (quoted verbatim) Attitude/concerns Consultant: What is your attitude/concerns towards the extension of power lines to this area?
Response: It‟s a good idea but the procedure should not be longer Problems, issues and challenges Consultant: What problems, issues and challenges are likely to be encountered in the vicinity? Response: Compensation may be a problem; some people may refuse to go or to use their land. Women will be most affected as their husbands may refuse them to have a share of the compensation. Power installation will also attract many people in the area which will lead to insecurity and theft.
Recommendations Consultant: What recommendations do you suggest to make sure the project is well executed?
Response: Give ladies first priority to work to uplift their status. Main stream HIV, testing centres should be established, provide condoms. Sensitize the community on what needs to be done for one to remain negative. Compensate the people for damages where the line will be passing. Set up police posts in the area to prevent crimes.
MINUTES OF SELECTED COMMUNITY MEETINGS IN MUKONO
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page230
Date 24th, Jul7 2017 meeting held at Kannyogoga Kaazi Village, Namataba Parish, Nagojje Subcounty Introduction: The chairman introduced by saying that he was approached by the team yesterday, and asked to organize this meeting. He thanked thoseattending for coming, and asked them to convey the information from the meeting tothose not present. He appreciated the team for coming, because the village is not connected to power and it is such a great initiative to have power in the area. Several villages were represented, both men women and the youth attended.
Team: We are consultants from GIDS Consult. We have been contracted by REA to conduct an environmental and social impact assessment for the extension of electricity power lines to villages in this area that do not have power. The existing environmental laws and regulations requires that individuals, groups and institutions that are considered to possess vested interest in the proposed development of the project to be involved in the assessment. The purpose of this meeting therefore is to inform you about this project in your area to ensure that your views and concerns are taken into consideration. The electricity line may pass in your lands and may disrupt your activity so we want to hear from you so that the issues can be addressed in a proper manner without jeopardizing any ones interest. The proposed electricity will be a 3 phase line and all the poles will be provided by government. Nobody should collect money from you. Be alert for such people will be thieves.
Questions and Answers
Q: Are we going to be compensated? A: Yes, wherever the line goes, if there are damages, these will be compensation. We advise you to form a committee to identify crops and property destroyed, and who is the rightful owner of that land. Q: shall we contribute for poles? A: No you won‟t pay for poles and if anybody asks you to do that don‟t accept those are thieves Q: How long will this project take because government projects usually take a long time? A: The project will not take long but in about eight months from the time this report is submitted. Q: Will you provide employment; there are many youths here who are unemployed? A: There will be some casual work along the line. We will advise the contractor to take on people from the local area. Q: Won‟t we experience theft, for example people coming to deceive us that they are from UMEME and they collect money from us. A: Yes that‟s very true there people who will come here pretending to be coming from UMEME, you must be careful and alert. UMEME has a phone and office where you can call direct in case of anything. Q: What will happen to the graveyards will they be removed A: No we shall protect them Q: How are you going to identify people who will be affected? A: We shall tell you to form a committee through the LC 1 Q: What can we do to ensure that power is extended here faster?
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page231
A: Maximum cooperation Q: There are people who already wired their houses, is it possible to correct their wiring? A: Yes it is possible any certified company can do that Q: This is a village and most people are poor will the tariffs be reduced so that the rural people can afford? A: The tariff will be the same (fixed) Q: How much land will be used? A: 10 meters
24th July 2017 Kasana Village, Nakibalu Parish, Nagojje Subcounty Team: People of Kasana, we thank you for honouring our invitation. We are a team from Green Impact Development Services Consult (GIDS). We have beencontracted by REA to inform you about electricity that is going to be extended here. Basically we want to get your views and concerns about this proposed project. The electricity line will be a 3 phase whereby a transformer will be put at a trading centre and from there whoever is interested can connect to the house. The poles will be provided free but connection to the household will be done by UMEME at a cost.
Questions and answers Q: Will the youth get employed A: Yes there will be some jobs we shall ask the chairman (LC 1) to recommend the local people to take up the jobs. Q: Will you compensate? A: We shall compensate for crops destroyed. Q: Shall we pay money for poles A: No and be careful whoever asks money from you is a thief Q: Are there things that women can contribute that will generate income. A: Yes women will be considered for the jobs that will be there eg cooking, fetching water, washing etc Q: How long will it take to effect it? A: It will be very soon in about 8 months from the time we submit this report Q: Have you covered the whole county? A: No it is being done region by region Q: Who has initiated this project/ A: This is a government project
25TH July 2017 Kasamba Village, Kiriyabigo Kawungo Parish, Kimenyedde Subcounty Introduction Chairman: Let‟s pray I thank God who has managed to bring us together we glory your name. We bless this day because it is a new day that you have made. Not by power or mighty but by the glory of your name. Bless us as we listen from what our visitors have to say. I pray all this in Jesus name amen.
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page232
Team: Thank you Mr. Chairman we recognize all leaders from the villages here. My name is Fred and am Norah. We have come to introduce to you an electricity power extension project that government is proposing to build here. We want to involve you people as much as possible so that you are aware of whatever is coming into your area. It is going to be a 3 phase line, the poles will be provided by government and everything will be covered by the contractor. So feel free to share with us ask questions where you don‟t understand etc.
Questions and Answers Q: Is this electricity to be extended going to be for free or? A: No it will be at a cost. Q: How much money will be charged? A: UMEME will charge according to their tariff. They will be using prepaid meters Q: Will there be compensation in case of anything? A: Compensation will be for all crops destroyed but not for land, we shall use the District Valuer to determine the amount to be compensated. Q: Why don‟t you compensate for land as well? A: It is costly and government doesn‟t have money to buy land where the lines are going to pass Q: What about jobs? Will people in the area benefit from work on the line? A: Yes there will be jobs only to those who are hard working and not lazy people Q: Will there be any type of pollution from the construction? A: There will be some pollution from rubbish. But there are plans to take care of these so that they don‟t pollute the environment. Q: What about accidents? A: Electricity is dangerous there will be accidents if you try to tap the line on your own try as much as possible to avoid theft of power
Conclusion: We thank you team for coming and we pray that the project doesn‟t take too long. We are eagerly waiting. Team: Surely it will not delay but please be careful because some people who are thieves may come around, confuse you and take money from you pretending to be coming from REA. Take note of that, you are not supposed to pay money to anybody.
25th, July, 2017 Kitunku Village, Kitovu Parish, Kasawo Subcounty Chairperson LC1: It‟s a great honor to meet all of you this afternoon. This meeting is composed of people from neighboring villages around here thank you once again for accepting to come. Before us are visitors from REA who have brought good news to us. I will not go into detail but I will ask the consultants to introduce themselves and introduce to us why they are here. Please I urge you to pay attention don‟t disrupt and ask questions where you don‟t understand.
Team: My name is Fred and am Norah we are environmental consultants. We work for Green Impact Development Services, the consultancy firm that was contracted by REA to conduct an environmental and social impact assessment for the electricity line that is going to be extended here. The purpose of this meeting therefore is to engage you people so that your views and
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page233 concerns are taken and considered in the design of the project. So whatever concerns you have don‟t fear to say it out because it will be to your own benefit.
Questions and Answers Q: Will there be compensation where the line will pass? A: There will be compensation for the destruction. Q: We have waited for a long time, many members of parliament have talked about it but in vain will it really come true A: Yes power is going to be here very soon Q: What are the charges? A: UMEME will charge according to their tariff. They will be using prepaid meters. Q: Majority of the people here may not afford because we hear its costly why don‟t you reduce the costs? A: UMEME will determine that for us our work is only to do consultation Q:Is it possible that you may buy the whole pLot that will be destroyed? A: No that will not happen government doesn‟t have money to do that Q: Will other surveyors come or you are following the plan of the surveyors who were here, they asked for money from us A: We shall follow the plan of the surveyors Q: What is the distance there needs to be between the house and a pole? A: The distance should be at least 10 meters. You cannot build any closer than that. Q: Will you follow the road reserve? A: Yes we shall do that exactly Q: Wont I be cheated, how will I know the rate? A: We shall use the district valuer to determine the rates Q: If my tree is cut shall I get compensated A: You will be compensated for all the trees that will be cut Q: We have youths here who are not employed can they be considered to work in this project? Q: Yes we shall ask the Chairperson to recommend those who will work
25th, July 2017 Kimenyedde Village, Kiwafu Parish, Kimenyedde Subcounty Chairman: I want to take the opportunity to welcome everybody to this meeting. We have begun on time, although some people are yet on their way coming. I received a call from the councilor that he is coming with visitors from Rural Electrification Agency. Our visitors we are happy for coming to talk to us. We are so happy because for long we have been displaced without electricity. Our area has remained backward for long but we are grateful that at last we have been remembered and we salute the government for doing this. Without wasting anytime let me invite our esteemed visitors to take the floor. You are most welcome. Team: We are here to consult you about a new development that is going to take place here.The government wants to extend power to this area but before it is done. We want to know whether you are interested or otherwise and also because the development may affect you in one way or another, so we are here to seek your views/opinion in this matter so that it is addressed in the project design. Everybody should participate, don‟t fear to ask for clarification for what you have not understood.
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page234
Questions and Answers Q: Is this a government project? A: Yes Q: How long is it going to take for us to see power here (Timeframe)? A: Very soon in about eight from the time this report is submitted Q: What about jobs? A: Yes there will be jobs but you need to come early and ready to work Q: Will it not take too long to receive electricity. A: No it won‟t take long the project has started. Q: What is the distance between the house and a pole? A: The distance should be at least 10 meters. You cannot build any closer than that. Q: What type of power will it be is power or the old system? A: it will be Yakaa Q: Don‟t you think the contractor may come along with his own people to work here A: No we shall recommend that he considers the local people here 25th, July 2017 Ggavu Village, Namariri Parish, Kasawo Subcounty:
Introduction Chairman: Good morning everybody and thank you for gathering here. In our midst are a team from REA who have come to talk to us about electricity. We are privileged to have them because electricity is a very important aspect. I believe that with power we are going to do most of the things that have been lacking in this area. There is a list that will be moving round please endeavor to sign.
Team: Thank you for coming and chairman for mobilizing people. I am called Fred and my colleague will introduce herself; am Norah. We are environmental consultants we have been hired by REA to consult in this village where the electricity power line is going to pass. Government is planning to bring power here for you people. We are consulting you to get your views about this particular project so that issues and concerns are addressed in a particular manner. We are glad to be here feel free to interact with us
Questions and Answers Q: How long will it be before we have power here? A: It will take eight months from the time we submit this report Q: It is costly, and we cannot afford it. Can you not reduce the cost? A: There is a government agency, ERA, which sets the tariff. We are not setting the tariff. Q: Will there be compensation? A; People will be compensated. We shall continue to update you. You should form a committee of people who are trustworthy. Q: Some people have built under the lines. How are they going to be treated? A: They will not be compensated Q: Are you going to use the road reserve? A: Yes Q: You said you are going to use the road reserve why are you consulting people?
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page235
A: We are consulting you, because in some cases it may not be possible. Q: If a pole falls who takes care of it? A: It will be the operator (UMEME) Q: What is the width of the road reserve because some of us have gardens close to the road? A: The road reserve is 15 meters from the middle of the road to each side and there is a plan to increase the road reserve even more.
25th, July 2017 Buyuki/Waruga Village, Katogo Parish, Nama Subcounty:
Introduction
Chairman: I welcome our guests. The people gathered here are residents from here and other neighboring villages. About three villages are represented here. We have elders, village leader‟s business men women and the youth. We are happy about the project.
Team: We are honored to be here to talk to you people of Nama subcounty. We have been sent by REA to consult you about the electricity that government is planning to bring here. All we need is to know your views and interests about having electricity here. The line is going to follow the road reserve but to some extent it may extend to some peoples gardens and affect their activities. So we want to share with you how you would want such instances to be handled or addressed. Please feel free to discuss with us.
Questions and Answers Q: Will there be compensation if a line passes on my garden? A: Yes there will be compensation for damages to crops on that garden but not for land REA does not compensate for land. Q: How long will it be before we have power here? A: It will take eight months from the time we submit this report Q: Is this electricity going to be free of cost? A: No it will not be free you will have to pay for connection into your house and to manage your own bills Q: How much money will be charged? A: UMEME will charge according to their tariff. They will be using prepaid meters. Q: Some people may not afford cant it be reduced for village people? A: The tariff will be the same (fixed) Q: What is the mode of compensation? A: We shall ask you to form a committee to work with and it should comprise of the chairperson, some trusted people and those who can read and write. Committee shall work with the contractor through the LC Chairman. Q: How will the compensation rates be determined? A: We shall work with the District Valuer. Q: How much space will be used for the poles? A: It will be 10m (5meters to the left and five to the right) Q: What kind of poles are you going to use? A: We are going to have treated poles. Q: How do you determine the size of the road reserve?
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page236
A: The road reserve extends 15 meters to each side from the middle of the road Q: Will there be some jobs? A: There will be jobs; we shall recommend the contractor to use local labour. Q: Are you the last people to consult here A: Yes we are the last people to consult here 25th, July 2017 Namere Village, Burijjo, Parish, Kyampisi Subcounty Introduction: Chairman: Good afternoon, it‟s good to see everybody who has managed to come for this meeting. Thank you for keeping time. Let somebody lead us into prayer. Almighty God we thank you for your faithfulness, for you are such a wonderful God. Thank you for our visitors who have a long way from Kampala. Protect us from every evil and open our hearts to receive from them. We pray all this in Jesus name Amen.
Team: We have come to tell you about power (masanyalaze). We are consultants from REA. The government is proposing to bring power this area. So we have come to discuss with you to hear your views and interests so that is it is included in the project design. Questions and Answers Q: Are you going to give jobs toour youth? A: Yes there will be casual jobs like digging holes, lifting the poles, fetching water, coking etc Q: Electricity is costly what are you going to do to the poor people who may not afford? A: There is nothing we can do about that because we are not the ones who set the prices. There is a government agency called ERA that is mandated to do that and the charges are not discriminative whether you are poor or rich. Q: Will people get compensated? A: Yes people will be compensated. You should form a committee of people who are trustworthy. Q: Some people have built under the lines. How are they going to be treated? A: They will not be compensated. Q: When will the contractor come? A: The procedure of government is long step by step, but we think in about eight months from the time this report is submitted. Q: What is the size of the road reserve? A: The road reserve is 15 meters from the middle of the road
Conclusion Chairman: We thank you for informing us on this project and we wish you a safe journey back to Kampala.
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page237
ANNEX 2: ATTENDANCE LISTS OF ALL PEOPLE CONSULTED (Attached as a seperate Annex)
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page238
ANNEX 3: DAILY VEHICLE INSPECTION FORM
VEHICLE REGISTRATION NUMBER:______WEEK ENDING DATE______
ITEM DESCRIPTION G= GOOD ORDER B= BAD CONDITION MON TUE WED THU FRI SAT SUN 1 LEAKS – WATER / FUEL 2 OIL LEAKS – ENGINE / DIFFERENTIAL / GEARBOX / HYDRAULIC 3 TYRES – FRONT / REAR / SPARE / PRESSURE / NUTS 4 WINDSCREEN / WINDOWS / MIRRORS 5 BODY WORK – DOORS / HANDLES / CHASSIS / PANALS 6 VEHICLE LICENCE / REGISTRATION PLATES - VALIDITY 7 EXHAUST – ENGINE SMOKE / PROPERLY SECURED 8 LEVELS – OIL / WATER / BRAKES / CLUTCH / HYDRAULIC 9 BATTERY – WATER LEVEL / CONNECTIONS / CABLES 10 ABNORMAL WEAR ON STEARING 11 BRAKES – FOOT / HAND / AIR 12 LIGHTS – MAIN / STOP / PARK 13 INDICATORS – FRONT / REAR 14 REFLECTORS – FRONT / REAR AND REAR CHEVRONS 15 JACK / WHEEL SPANNER / WARNING TRI-ANGLES 16 HORN / WINDSCREEN WIPERS 17 INTERIOR – SEATING / INSTRIMENTATION / HOUSEKEEPING 18 FIRST AID KIT 19 FIRE EXTINGUISHER 20 LOADING AREA EQUIPMENT PROPERLY SECURED 21 PROPER HOUSEKEEPING ON LOADING AREA 20 VEHICLE ROADWORTHY 21 REMARKS:
22 NAMES OF PERSON CONDUCTING INSPECTION:
DAILY VEHICLE LOGSHEET DATE ODOMETER START OF ODOMETER END OF TRIP DISTANCE (KM) TRIP DETAILS TRIP READING TRIP READING
Supervisor’s Name:______Sign:______
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page239
ANNEX 4: GEOLOGY MAPS FOR THE PROJECT AREA
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page240
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page241
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page242
ANNEX 5: GOOGLE EARTH MAPS SHOWING CROSSINGS ACROSS CENTRAL FOREST RESERVES AND MAJOR WETLANDS
Figure 11.1: Power line crossing through Kitasi and Nabukonge CFRs in Masaka district
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page243
Figure 11.2: Mujuzi CFR already impacted by 2 REA power lines probably under ERT I or II (Masaka district)
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page244
Figure 11.3: Power line crossing through Nakalere CFR in Gomba district
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page245
Figure 11.4: Power line crossing through Nawandigi CFR in Butambala district
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page246
Figure 11.5: Power line crossing through Kifu CFR in Mukono district
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page247
Figure 11.6: Power line crossing through Nandagi CFR in Mukono district
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page248
Figure 11.7: Power line crossing through Wajali and Musale wetlands in Mukono district
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page249
Figure 11.8: Power line crossing through Musambwa wetland in Masaka district
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page250
ESIA for the REA Lines in Masaka, Gomba/Butambala and Mukono districts Page251