Topic: – Revolver – Context, structure, Music Year Group: 12/13 sonority and melody 1. Context and structure 3. Sonority – How the instruments are used 4. Key vocabulary The The Beatles were a British rock band who Beatles changed the face of pop music in the 1960s Barbershop A type of singing with close Avant- New and experimental ideas 1 and achieved worldwide fame. In their early 1 singing harmonies. Used in Here, there garde and methods in music. music their approach was influenced by and everywhere. rhythm and blues performers such as Chuck Double Playing 2 notes at the same Lennon The main writing 1 and partnership in The Beatles. Berry, but by the time of the album Revolver 2 stopping time on a string instrument. 2 they had developed their own unique style, Used in . McCartn including elements of Indian and classical ey Double Recording on 2 separate tracks music, as well as the styles Music Music composition that uses of the second half of the decade. 3 tracking for editing individually. Used in . 3 concret recorded sounds that are Strophic A structure made up of repeated verses with e manipulated. Leslie An amplifier and loudspeaker 2 form different lyrics. Used in Tomorrow never Psyched Music created under the knows. Cabinet that projects a signal from 4 electronic instruments and elic influence of drugs. Coda The closing section. E.g. Tomorrow never 3 4 modifies the sound. Used to Tessitur The range used by a voice or 5 knows. make the vocals sound like a instrument. Refrain A phrase/section that is repeated, is usually monks chanting in Tomorrow 4 Melisma When several notes are sung to catchy. E.g. Eleanor Rigby never knows. 6 the same syllable. Verse Common structure found in pop music, used Tape loops Magnetic tape lopped to create Riff A rhythmic, melodic or chorus in Eleanor Rigby but avoided in the other 5 repetitive patterns. Used in harmonic pattern repeated 5 . We still see Verse, refrain, coda, tomorrow never knows. many times in succession. Term bridge, instrumental, intro and outro sections A large, long-necked Indian lute 7 used for popular music. E.g. across the songs. 6 with movable frets. Used in Bass guitar in Tomorrow never tomorrow never knows. 2. Melody knows. Staccato Play in a short and detached Blues 6 note scale made up of pentatonic scale and 7 manner. Used in strings in 1 rd scale flattened 3 . Used in Tomorrow never knows. Eleanor Rigby. Conjunct Movement by step. One example is the scalic 2 Tambura A plucked drone instrument melody in Eleanor Rigby. 8 used in Indian music. Used in Tomorrow never knows. Pentatonic A scale of 5 pitches to the octave. E.g. 3 Tomorrow never knows.

Other points of interest: What elements of Indian Classical music are apparent in the pieces studied? How were the studio techniques ground breaking? What makes these ‘pop/rock’ songs unconventional? The producer was a classically trained musician. How do some of the musical arrangements reflect this? Topic: The Beatles – Revolver – Texture, Harmony Music Year Group: 12/13 and Tonality, Tempo, metre and rhythm.

5. Texture 7. Harmony and Tonality 8. Key vocabulary Doubling Two players on each part – used in Eleanor A 'leaning' note. An A type of scale with 1 Rigby on the strings. expressive dissonance that 7 notes that is Appoggi moves by step to resolve neither major or Divisi When two players divide onto separate parts 1 1 Mode 2 atura onto a note of the current minor. Commonly – used in Eleanor Rigby. chord. E.g. Bar 21 I want to used in folk music Melody- Melody and accompaniment. Used in the tell you. and jazz. E.g. dominated majority of the pieces. 3 Notes that do not belong to Mixolydi Has a homophon Chromat the key or move by an mode characteristic y 2 ic . E.g. Bar 63 major third and 2 Block Where all the parts play together. E.g. Eleanor Rigby. flattened seventh. 4 chords Strings in Eleanor Rigby. Used in tomorrow 3 Notes that belong to the never knows. Pedal A sustained or repeated note sounded current key. E.g. Eleanor Diatonic 5 against changing harmonies. E.g. Opening of Rigby belongs to the Dorian Aeolian Uses a flattened I want to tell you. mode. mode sixth e.g. backing 3 vocals in Eleanor 4 Sounds that are not pleasant 6. Tempo, metre and rhythm Rigby. when played together. E.g. Dissona Cross The effect produced when 2 conflicting Viola in Eleanor Rigby, the Has a flattened third nce Dorian 1 rhythms rhythms are heard together. E.g. Tomorrow descending chromatic line in 4 and seventh – Used Mode never knows in bar 4. the Viola during the refrain. in Eleanor Rigby. Lombardic A dotted rhythm where the second note is 5 A low continuous sound, Tonal The use of tonality 2 longer. E.g. Instrumental solo in tomorrow usually the 1st and 5th of a languag in a piece. In these Drone never knows. chord. Used in the Tambura e pieces it is not 5 Syncopati Emphasising beats of the bar that are normally in Tomorrow never knows. straightforwardly diatonic or 3 on unaccented. E.g. Vocal phrases in Eleanor 6 The rate at which chords Harmon functional. Rigby. change. E.g. Slow rate in ic Triplets 3 notes played in the time of 2. E.g. Guitar in Eleanor Rigby. 4 rhythm bars 1-4 of I want to tell you.

Wider listening: Pink Floyd - Interstellar Overdrive; The Kinks - See my friends; The Beach Boys - Pet Sounds (albums); The Who - My Generation; David Bowie – Warszawa.