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An Analysis on the Denotative and Connotative Meaning of Lyrics of Creed’s Songs
Yulianus P. Mangewa
Dosen FKIP UKI Toraja
ABSTRACT
Semantics as the study of meaning stands at the very center of the linguistic quest to understand the nature of language and human language abilities. It is obvious that semantics has an important role in understanding and comprehending a language, especially for English. Semantics not only concern with the study of meaning but also with the relationship between language and culture. Denotative meaning and connotative meaning: both of them are based on a relationship between words & world. Denotation is the meaning of a word which is primarily refers to the real word, the "dictionary definition” for instance “cow” shows a kind of animal, “house” shows a kind of building. Connotation meaning is the aspect of meaning added to the denotation of a word it relates to the association that a word has above its denotation. The connotative meaning differs from one society to another. Connotation may be subject to variable exchange from generation to the next. Connotation may be rather subjective and not shared in the same way by all speakers of a language. Our individual experience of language and its relation to the world is to some extent unique and idiosyncratic. Connotation is not stable. That Creed’s songs are analyzed using the descriptive qualitative approach in finding its denotative and connotative meaning. The data are taken from lyric of Creed’s songs which consists of 2 lyrics from different albums such as My Sacrifice and Don’t Stop Dancing. The writer chooses those lyrics because it contains allusion and a popularly Christian theological concept, of absolute individual belief, usually Monotheistic. It also focuses on questions of faith, Christianity, and eternity. Finally, the writer suggests to the next writer whom want to concern with the similar topic to analyze denotative and connotative meaning that can be found in newspaper and advertisement on Television etc.
Key Words : Connotative, Denotative Lyrics, Songs
INTRODUCTION resulted in these becoming connotations of the word woman for many people. The words “for Background of the Study many people” are important here because connotation is related to the real word Words have two main kinds of experience that one associates with a word and meaning, denotation and connotation. they will therefore vary (unlike denotative Denotation is the meaning of a word which is meanings) from individual to individual, and primarily refers to the real word, the community to community. The word "dictionary definition”. It is the type of “woman” has different connotations for a meaning which may be described in terms of a misogynist than will have for a feminist set of semantic properties which serves to (Fromkin, 1990: 205). identify the particular concept associated with The study of meaning normally refers the word in question. For instance “cow” to Semantics. Semantics is the study of shows a kind of animal, “house” shows a kind meaning in language. It means that language of building (Fromkin, 1990: 205). must have meaning. Language without On the other hand, connotation meaning is useless. In Linguistics, Semantics is arises as words become associated with the subfield that is devoted to the study of certain characteristics of the items to which meaning, as borne on the syntactic levels of they refer, for instance, the burdening of words, phrases, sentences, and even larger woman for many years with attributes such as units of discourse (referred to as texts). As with frailty, inconstancy and irrationality has any empirical science, Semantics involves the
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AgroSainT UKI Toraja Vol. III No. 2 : 337 - 345 interplay of concrete data with theoretical especially about the denotative and connotative concepts. Traditionally, Semantics has meaning on lyrics of Creed’s songs. included the study of connotative sense and Besides, it is expected to be able to denotative reference, truth conditions, broaden the knowledge in understanding the argument structure, thematic roles, discourse denotative and connotative meanings of lyrics analysis, and the linkage of all of these to of songs. Also it is hoped to give contribution syntax. Semantics is appropriated to be used on for readers who are interested in this study. investigating the meaning of lyrics of songs because it deals with the meaning of language Definitions of the Key Terms used by people in order to convey their These key terms are the method to get intended meaning of speaking or message of a the right interpretation and understanding of the language used. study. The writer chooses Creed’s songs Semantics: One of the branches of linguistics as the object of study because the word studying about the meaning and Creed itself (also the band's namesake), considered as a major branch of denotes a popularly Christian theological linguistics devoted to study of concept, of absolute individual belief, meaning in language (Crystal, usually monotheistic. It also focuses on 1991:310). According to what questions of faith, christianity, and eternity. has long been the most widely Based on the previous explanation, accepted as theory of semantic, the writer is interested in conducting research meanings are ideas or concepts about “An Analysis on the Denotative and that can be transferred from the Connotative Meaning of Lyrics of Creed’s mind of the speaker to the mind Songs” because the writer thinks that Creed’s of the hearer by embodying them, Songs are not just the song but it contains an as it were, in the forms of one individual believe and understanding the language or another. (Lyon, denotative and connotative meaning of lyrics of 1995:136). Creed’s songs will be fascinating. Denotation and Connotation A word's denotation is its Statement of Problems primary or literal Based on the description above, the significance, whereas writer is going to show that there are some connotation is the range of problems related with this study, the problems secondary significance are as follows: which a word commonly 1. What kinds of denotative and connotative suggests. meaning are shown on the lyrics of For instance, the word "sea" Creed’s songs? denotes a large body of water, 2. What are the dominant words of denotative but its connotative meaning and connotative meaning found on the includes the sense of lyrics of Creed’s songs? overwhelming space, danger, instability; whereas "earth" Objectives of the Study connotes safety, fertility and 1. Describe the denotative and connotative stability. Of many potential meaning shown on lyrics of Creed’s songs. connotations, the particular 2. Describe the dominant words of denotative ones evoked depend upon the and connotative meaning found on the context in which words are lyrics of Creed’s songs. used. Specific kinds of language (such as archaisms) Significance of the Study also have special connotations, The results of this study provide a carrying a sense of the context picture on how words not only have denotative in which those words are meaning but also connotative meaning. The usually found (http: //The UVic result of this study is expected to be useful and Writer's Guide. Connotation give new information to the semantic study and Denotation)
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Creed: Creed was the name of a rock writer needs to observe the lyrics of Creed’s band from Tallahassee, Florida songs by reading and understanding lyrics of that became popular in the late Creed’s song. The objective of this research 1990s and early 2000s. The is to describe and identify the denotative and band won a Grammy Award connotative meaning of lyrics of Creed’s for Best Rock Song for the songs. So, the report will be in the form of song "With Arms Wide Open" descriptive research. The main objective of it in 2001. In June 2004, Creed is to understand the lyrics more deeply, and broke up, and Stapp began then, produce hypotheses to make a form of recording a solo album, The theory. The analysis in each data required in Great Divide with Roadrunner descriptive form. Records recording artist Goneblind. The other band Research Object members (including former This study concerned with observing bassist Brian Marshall) formed five lyrics of Creed’s songs such as My a new band, Alter Bridge, with Sacrifice, Don’t Stop Dancing, One Last Myles Kennedy (http: Breath, My Own Prison, What's this Life for. //en.wikipedia. org/wiki/Creed). Data Sources Data sources that will be used in a RESEARCH METHOD case study approach are usually of three types: (1) interviews of various people; (2) This chapter presents the research Documents such as minutes of meetings, news methods of this study. They are research paper accounts, autobiographies, lyrics, design, research object, data resources, compact disk, tape etc; research instruments, data collection, and data (3) observation of the phenomena in action. analysis. So, documents are suitable data sources for Research Design this study. Those documents will be taken The descriptive qualitative method is from internet in the form of lyrics of songs. used to conduct this research because the aim The writer gets the lyrics from of this research is to describe the denotative www.getlyrics.com. After finding Creed’s and connotative meaning of lyrics of Creed’s name, the writer chooses five lyrics of Creed’s songs in a complete, detailed description but songs such as My Sacrifice, Don’t Stop not to classify features, count them, and Dancing, One Last Breath, My Own Prison, construct statistical models in an attempt to What's this Life for explain what is observed (Qualitative). It is called descriptive qualitative because it is Research Instrument natural base, more focusing on process than Research instrument is important to result, analytic-inductive, descriptive and its obtain the result of this study. It is a set of scheme is temporal (Moeloeng, 2002:30). method, which is used to collect the data. In According to Bodgan and Biklen qualitative research, the writer is the key-data (1982), Qualitative research has the following collection instrument. In the words, the writer five features: (1) the natural setting is the data uses Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary source and the writer is the key data-collection by A S Hornby to get deep research and instrument; (2) it attempts primarily to describe analysis on the denotative meaning of lyrics and only secondarily to analyze; (3) the of Creed’s songs. concern is with process, that is, with what has transpired, as much as with product or Data Collection outcome; (4) its data are analyzed inductively, The data are fully from those five as in putting together the parts of a puzzle; and lyrics of Creed’s songs. The way to collect (5) it is essentially concerned with what things the data is finding five lyrics of Creed’s mean, that is, the why as well as the what. songs on internet. After that, the writer: In the qualitative research, the 1. Reads and understands the lyrics and writer is the most important collector data then looks for the denotative and instrument. Because the research is carried connotative meaning from those five out in discussing lyrics of songs as data, the lyrics of Creed’s songs.
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2. Looks for the dominant word of We've seen our share of ups and downs denotative and connotative Oh how quickly life can turn around meaning found on the lyrics of In an instant Creed’s songs. It feels so good to reunite Within yourself and within your mind Lets find peace there Data Analysis There are three concurrent CHORUS: flows of activity needed in When you are with me conducting qualitative data analysis I'm free I'm careless I believe (Stainbeck, 1988:21): Above all the others we'll fly this brings tears to First, data reduction refers to the my eyes My sacrifice process of selecting words that have I just want to say hello again denotative and connotative meaning. This I just want to say hello again first process is finding words, presenting its My sacrifice denotative meaning and showing its connotative meaning based on the theory of J. Analysis N Hook. Friend (n) Secondly, data display is an Denotative Meaning organized assembly of information that This word has six related meanings; permits drawing and action taking. After first, a person one knows and likes, usually analyzing whole data founded from the somebody who is not a member of one’s lyrics, the writer displays the result of the family, second, a person who supports a analysis on the descriptive form based on particular cause, organization or charity, e.g. each category of denotative and connotative by contributing money or being a member, meaning. third, a person who is of the same country or The third step of analysis is group as oneself and can be considered to drawing conclusion or verification. It is put have the same views or interests, fourth, a after presenting the whole findings of the thing that is very helpful or familiar, fifth, a analyzed data that aimed to clarify and note member of the society of friends, sixth, a the most important points to avoid person who is being talked about or addressed vagueness. in public (Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary, p.473). Connotative Meaning FINDING AND DISCUSSION When we read whole text of the lyrics, we can find that beside it denotative The Findings of Denotative and meaning, the word “friend” also has Connotative Meanings connotative meaning. It means “God” Lyric of My Sacrifice because the words after it indicated to My Sacrifice Christian’s belief such as the word Hello my friend we meet again “sacrifice”. According to Christian’s belief, It's been awhile where should we begin it is about the sacrifice of Christ.etc. So, the Feels like forever word “friend” includes positive Within my heart a memory connotation. A perfect love that Fly (v) you gave to me Denotative Meaning Oh I The word “fly” is this text means; remember (1) to move through the air, using wings, Choru (2) to move through air or space, to travel s: in an aircraft or spacecraft, (3) to direct or When you are with me control the flight of an aircraft, to transport I'm free I'm careless I believe goods or passengers in an aircraft, (4) to go Above all the others we'll fly this brings tears to or move quickly; to rush, to move suddenly my eyes My sacrifice and with force, to pass very quickly, (5) to make a kite rise and stay in high in the air,
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to raise a flag so that it is displayed, Sacrifice (n) (6) to move about freely; to be carried Denotative Meaning about in the air, (7) to escape from The word “sacrifice” means; (1) the somebody or something, (8) (of stories, action of giving up something that one values rumors, etc) to be talked about by many for the sake of something more important or people, to be current (Oxford Advanced valuable or a thing that one gives up in this Learner’s Dictionary, p.453). way, (2) the offering of something valuable to C a god, often an animal killed in a special ritual o (Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary, n p.1035). n Connotative Meaning o The word “sacrifice” includes t negative connotation. This word means a “giving up or surrender”. According to t Christian’s belief, the word “sacrifice” is i about the sacrifice of Christ. v Ups and downs e Denotative Meaning The word “ups and downs” can mean; M (1) in one direction and then in the opposite e direction, (2) moving upwards and a downwards, (3) sometimes good and n sometimes bad, (4) good and bad luck, i experiences, events, etc (Oxford Advanced n Learner’s Dictionary, p.1312). g Connotative Meaning The word “fly” includes neutral The word “ups and down” includes connotation. Human being has no wings so neutral connotation because it is impossible they cannot fly like a bird. So, this word for people to share in one direction and then connotes “becoming better or greater than in the opposite direction. Therefore, this others". word connotes “happy and sad, good or bad”. Tears (n) Reunite (v) Denotative Meaning Denotative Meaning The word “tears” means a drop of This word has two related salty water that comes from the eye when one meanings; first, to cause two or more cries, etc (Oxford Advanced Learner’s people to come together again, second, to Dictionary, p.1226). Connotative Meaning join together again separate areas or The word “tears” includes negative separate groups within an organization connotation. Someone or something is (Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary, impossible to bring tear to someone’s eyes. It p.1005). means “pain or sorrow”. Connotative Meaning Eyes (n) The word “reunite” includes neutral Denotative Meaning connotation. This word means “come together The word “eye” means; 1 (a) each of or meet”. According to Christian’s belief, the two organs on the face that are used for seeing, word “reunite” means reunite with God. (b) the visible colored part of this, 2 (a) [often Pl] the power of seeing, the ability to see, (b) Lyrics of Don't Stop Dancing [usual sing] the ability to make good judgments Don't Stop Dancing about something one sees, 3 a thing like an eye At times life is wicked and I (Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary, just can't see the light p.410). A silver lining Connotative Meaning sometimes isn't enough This word contains neutral To make some wrongs connotation. The word “eye” represents the seem right Whatever meaning of “our lives” because we see the life brings world with our eyes. I've been through
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AgroSainT UKI Toraja Vol. III No. 2 : 337 - 345 everything This word means; 1 morally bad; evil, 2 And now I'm on my intended to harm or capable or harming knees again somebody, 3 tending to annoy or shock people But I know I in a playful way, 4 very good (Oxford must go on Advanced Learner’s Dictionary, p.1363). Although I hurt I Connotative Meaning must be strong This word includes negative Because inside I know that connotation. This word means “bad and many feel this way evil”. Light (n) [Choru Denotative Meaning s:] This word has six related meanings; Children don't first, the natural force that makes things visible, stop dancing an amount or quality of this, second, a source of Believe you light, especially an electric lamp, third, a device can fly used to produce a flame or spark, fourth, Away...a understanding, fifth, a window or opening to let way light in, sixth, a part of a picture that is brighter At times life's unfair and you know it's plain to than the areas around it (Oxford Advanced see Hey God I know I'm just a dot in this world Learner’s Dictionary, p.681). Have you forgot about me? Connotative Meaning Whatever life The word “light” includes neutral connotation. brings This word means “to understand or accept I've been through something after much difficulty or doubt”. everything Silver Lining (n) And now I'm on my The word “silver (n)” means; (1) knees again a chemical element, (2) coins made of But I know I silver or of a metal looking like it, (3) must go on dishes, ornaments, etc made of silver Although I hurt I (Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary, must be strong p.1102). Because inside I know that The word “line (n)” means; (1) a long many feel this way thin mark on the surface of something, (2) a mark like a line on the skin, (3) a general [Chorus] shape; an outline, (4) a mark on the ground to Am I hiding in the shadows? Forget the pain show the limits of a playing area, running and forget the sorrows track, etc, a boundary, (5) a series of defensive Am I hiding in the shadows? Forget the pain position where an army is fighting, (6) a row and forget the sorrows of people or things, (7) a series of people But I know I following one another in time, especially must go on generations of the same family, (8) a row of Although I hurt I words on a page of writing or in print, a letter, must be strong especially the short one, the words spoken by Because inside I know that a particular actor, a punishment in which a many feel this way child is told to write out a certain sentence a [Chorus] number of times, (9) a length of thread, rope, Am I hiding in etc used for a particular purpose, (10) a the shadows? telephone or electricity wire or connection, Are we hiding in (11) a single track of a railway, (12) a course the shadows? of action, behavior or thought, (13) a direction or course, (14) a company that provides Analysis transport for people or goods with a number of Wicked (adj) ships, aircraft, buses, etc, (15) the line [sing] Denotative Meaning (a) (in British army) the regular soldiers
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AgroSainT UKI Toraja Vol. III No. 2 : 337 - 345 fighting on foot, (b) (in the US army) the This word means “becoming better or greater regular fighting units of all kinds, (16) [sing] than others”. (a) an area of activity or business, (b) a type of Unfair (adj) product (Oxford Advanced Learner’s Denotative Meaning Dictionary, p.684-685). Connotative Meaning This word means; 1 not right or just; The word “silver lining” includes not fair, 2 not following normal rules or neutral connotation. This word means principles (Oxford Advanced Learner’s “dream or hope without action”. Dictionary, p.1301). Knees (n) Connotative Meaning Denotative Meaning This word takes account of negative The word “knee” means; 1 (a) the connotation. This word means “bad, wicked, joint between the upper and lower parts of the and evil”. leg, where it bends, (b) the upper surface of Dot (n) the top part of somebody’s leg when they are Denotative Meaning sitting, 2 the part of a garment covering the The word “dot” means; 1 a small round knee (Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary, mark, 2 suck a mark used as a symbol in p.653). writing, 3 a tiny distant object (Oxford Connotative Meaning Advanced Learner’s Dictionary, p.347). The word “knee” includes neutral Connotative Meaning connotation. It means “falling or failed” The word “dot” includes neutral because someone who fails to do something connotative meaning. This word means; sometimes expresses it by sitting and looking worthless or paltry. his knees. Shadows (n) Dance (v) Denotative Meaning Denotative Meaning The word “shadow” has six related The word “dance” means; 1 (a) to meanings; 1 (a) a dark area on a surface move in a series of steps, alone or with a caused by an object standing between direct partner or in group, usually in a way that light and that surface, (b) darkness caused by matches the speed and rhythm of music, (b) an object blocking direct light, 2 a dark patch to perform a particular dance, 2 to move in a or area, 3 (a) a person or animal that constantly lively way, usually up and down (Oxford follows somebody, (b) a person, eg a detective, Advanced Learner’s Dictionary, p.292). who follows and watches somebody closely Connotative Meaning and often secretly, 4 [sing] ~of something The word “dance” includes positive (usually in negative sentence) a very small connotative meaning because it indicates of amount of something, 5 a thing that is not real happiness etc. This word means “do or impossible to obtain, 6 [sing] the ~ of something or survive”. somebody/something, the strong influence of Fly (v) somebody or something (Oxford Advanced Denotative Meaning Learner’s Dictionary, p.1079). The word “fly” is this text means; (1) Connotative Meaning to move through the air, using wings, (2) to The word “shadow” includes negative move through air or space, to travel in an connotation. This word means “fear or aircraft or spacecraft, (3) to direct or control hopeless”. the flight of an aircraft, to transport goods or The Dominant Words of Denotative and passengers in an aircraft, (4) to go or move Connotative Meaning Found on the quickly; to rush, to move suddenly and with Lyrics of Creed’s Songs force, to pass very quickly, (5) to make a kite rise and stay in high in the air, to raise a flag so Based on the finding, the writer finds that it is displayed, (6) to move about freely; to that the dominant words found on the lyrics of be carried about in the air, (7) to escape from Creed’s songs are the word “Fly”. This word somebody or something, (8) (of stories, found on lyrics of My Sacrifice and Don’t rumors, etc) to be talked about by many Stop Dancing. Another word is the word people, to be current (Oxford Advanced “light” which is found on lyrics of Don’t Stop Learner’s Dictionary, p.453). Dancing and My Own Prison. The word Connotative Meaning “thunder” is found on lyrics of One Last The word “fly” includes neutral connotation. Breath and My Own Prison. The word “Eyes”
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AgroSainT UKI Toraja Vol. III No. 2 : 337 - 345 is found on lyrics of My Sacrifice and One judgment particular to the individual soul Last Breath. upon physical death. And this entire So, it can be concluded that there are concept makes many people called Creed as many words having denotative and Christian Band. connotative meaning found on lyrics of On the other hands, many times Creed’s songs. Creed’s songs are questioning God. And asking why God does such unpleasant things to people if he supposed to be so CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION good. It also focuses on questions of faith, Conclusion Christianity, and eternity. Nevertheless, it Based on the finding and discussion, has not been confirmed that the songs were the summary is concerning with An Analysis on meant to be Christian songs. Denotative and Connotative Meaning of Lyrics The Suggestion of Creed’s Songs. There are some conclusions: In accordance with the finding of this In lyrics of Creed’s songs, there are research described previously, there is a point many words, phases, and sentences refer to the that could be suggested; two points need Christian theological concept such as; explain while talking about connotation. - Their bands name “Creed”, according to The 1st point connotation is far more Christianity the word “Creeds”; (from Latin intermediate than denotation on one hand. credo meaning "I believe") are concise Connotation may be subject to variable doctrinal statements or confessions, usually exchange from generation to the next. of religious beliefs. They began as Connotation may be rather subjective baptismal formulas and were later expanded and not shared in the same way by all speakers during the Christological controversies of of a language. Our individual experience of the fourth and fifth centuries to become language and its relation to the world is to some statements of faith. extent unique and idiosyncratic. Connotation is - Sacrifice refers to the sacrifice of Christ not stable. - God’s grave, Protestantism teaches that The 2nd point is the extent to which Eternal Salvation is a gift that comes to an we relate the lexeme itself rather than to the individual by God's grace, sometimes entity that a lexeme denotes. The connotation of defined as "unmerited favor" on the basis of a word to us must reflect our experience of the one's personal belief in and dependence on entity to which the word refers and to the place the substitutionary death and resurrection of this entity has in our belief system. Jesus Christ. Salvation in this sense refers For the students, who study about semantics to God's activities in bringing humans into especially denotative and connotative meaning, right relationship with God and with one are expected to have good comprehension on another through faith in Jesus Christ. It is the content and context of the text by reading the belief that one can be saved (rescued) the whole text. It will be able to avoid wrong from sin and eternal death. Other concepts choice of appropriateness meaning of denotative used in the study of how salvation is and connotative meaning. accomplished include conversion, faith, justification, regeneration, and others. Many BIBLIOGRAPHY Protestants believe in the "assurance of salvation" that God can give the confidence Bolinger, Dwigth & Donald, A. Sears. 1981. that a believer in Jesus as the Christ has Aspect of Language. New York: truly received salvation. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, inc - Afterlife and Eschaton, Most Christians believe that human beings experience Bodgan, R.1998. Introduction to Research. divine judgment and are rewarded either United States of America: Renehrt with eternal life or eternal damnation. This and Winston. Inc. includes the general judgment at the Resurrection of the dead (see below) as Brinton, J.L. 2000. The Structure of Modern well as the belief (held by Catholics, English A Linguistic Introduction. Orthodox and some Protestants) in a
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