VOL. 30, NO. 2 | NOVEMBER / DECEMBER 2010

How to study smart 2 Deflating the ‘tyranny of the minority’ 9 On Elections matter 10 A different deficit 22 Redesign for online 24

CampusThe national publication of AFT HIGHER EDUCATION FACULTY AND PROFESSIONAL STAFF Putting the DREAM on hold after Senate Republicans quashed the Dream ACT, supporters tie hopes to the election PAGE 6

Michigan student Dayanna Rebolledo (foreground) led a group of “Dreamers” to Capitol Hill to press for passage of the DREAM Act.

Value-added teaching For-profits squirm Back on track AFT Voting Record Ensuring that a tool AFT and others seek Higher Education? See how your reps does not become a tighter rules on fraud author tells how we voted in the last weapon PAGE 1 and abuse PAGE 3 clean our house PAGE 4 Congress PAGE 11 CHAAAAARGE! (easier to do with the AFT card)

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Valuing educators RANDI WEINGARTEN, AFT President

In mid-September, Texas A & M University Yet value-added methodology is becoming performance. All have cautioned against giv- took the extraordinary step of publicly releas- an increasingly used—and misused—prac- ing disproportionate weight to value-added ing a report purporting to show how much tice to assess the effectiveness of educators— data in high-stakes decisions about individ- individual professors are “worth,” based on especially our K-12 colleagues. ual faculty members, students and colleges. the amount of research and teaching revenue The Obama administration is leveraging The good news is that the Texas A & M each generates. Administrators took each federal funds to encourage the use of student analysis, despite its questionable validity, professor’s salary and estimated cost of ben- test score data in teacher evaluations. The found that most professors are indeed cost- efits, and subtracted the revenue he or she administration’s Race to the Top competition effective. Despite the many limitations of generated, to arrive at the professor’s has spurred many states to change laws to value-added data, the university system’s “worth.” The point, claimed the school’s vice require the use of such data, despite their limi- chancellor, Michael D. McKinney, wrote in a chancellor for academic affairs, was to deter- tations. The rush to make such changes in memorandum accompanying the report that mine “whether our students are learning.” order to be eligible for the funds resulted in the system’s campuses are generally efficient. Leaving aside the implication that profes- many states requiring the use of value-added “The reports show that the faculty at each uni- sors’ primary purpose is to be revenue genera- data in high-stakes decisions without putting versity generate revenue in excess of their tors, can such a method actually determine if in place the other components of effective, payroll costs,” he wrote. a student is learning? Antonio Cepeda-Benito, accurate teacher evaluation systems. McKinney’s comments come despite the dean of faculties at Texas A&M’s flagship fact that the report didn’t take into ac- campus, told the Chronicle of Higher Edu- count much of the important work fac- cation that some of the university’s most Value-added data are supposed to ulty members do that is unquantifiable, prestigious faculty members, who com- be a resource, not a weapon. including advising students, grading mand higher salaries but don’t always papers and serving on committees. The teach large classes, would appear to be costing And the Los Angeles Times recently pub- report also failed to consider that many faculty more than they bring in, according to the sys- lished value-added data to “grade” 6,000 pub- members raise a portion of their salaries tem’s analysis. “This is a simplistic and mis- lic school teachers it identified—by name. through research grants, and that that portion leading way to measure faculty,” he said. “I The newspaper used the data incorrectly, doesn’t cost the university anything. worry about the impact that having this infor- however, ignoring the cautions of respected All in all, the findings of the Texas A & M mation out there, without the appropriate researchers about the limitations of citing the report attested to the exceptional work the context, could have on morale.” data by itself, out of context. The abuse of school’s faculty members do. But as we saw The idea of evaluating educators for their such data is hardly unprecedented; publicly with the Los Angeles Times, value-added data “value-adding” capabilities has its roots, in rating educators as “effective” or “ineffective” is often sloppily employed. large part, in the work of Alexander Astin, a is an ignominious first. An AFT colleague has compared value- professor of higher education and organiza- Leading researchers, including those at added to a pack of matches. Used properly, tional change at the University of California, the Educational Testing Service, RAND it can shed light and do good things. But Los Angeles. In several works, Astin has mea- Corp., the U.S. Department of Education and when used improperly or in the wrong sured the positive impact (“added value”) the Economic Policy Institute, have con- hands, it can be destructive and burn peo- that some schools and scholastic experi- cluded that value-added models are unde- ple—educators and students alike. Educators ences have on student test scores. pendable and imprecise. All have concluded should be held accountable for the quality of Value-added data are supposed to be a that such models should not be used without their work. But the measures by which they resource, not a weapon, as one analyst put it. other relevant factors to judge an educator’s are judged should be accurate and fair.

Periodicals postage paid AFT ON CAMPUS is mailed RANDI WEINGARTEN Jane Feller Jennifer Chang at Washington, D.C., and to all AFT higher education President Copy Editor Pamela Wolfe additional mailing offices. members as a benefit of Antonia Cortese Graphic Designers membership. Subscriptions LAURA BAKER POSTMASTER: Send address Secretary-Treasurer represent $2.50 of annual Mary Boyd Sharon Wright changes to AFT ON CAMPUS, lorretta johnson dues. Nonmember Adrienne Coles Production Manager 555 New Jersey Ave. N.W., Executive Vice President AFT ON CAMPUS (ISSN subscription price is $12/year. Daniel Gursky Washington, DC 20001-2079 1064-1971) is published Annette Licitra Although advertisements Kris HAVENS Sharon Francour bimonthly by the American MEMBERS: To change your MIKE ROSE are screened as carefully as Communications Director Production Coordinator Federation of Teachers, address or subscription, notify Kathy Walsh possible, acceptance of an 555 New Jersey Ave. N.W., your local union treasurer. Contributing Editors advertisement does not imply Roger S. Glass Shawnitra Hawkins Washington, DC 20001-2079. ALICIA NICK AFT endorsement of the Editor-in-Chief Charles Glendinning Phone: 202/879-4400. Production Support product or service. Art Director Email: [email protected] BARBARA Mckenna www.aft.org © 2010 American Federation Managing Editor Cover Photo: of Teachers, AFL-CIO MICHAEL CAMPBELL CAMPUS CLIPS

Mix it up How to help students study more effectively

From drill and kill to memorization to routines and rituals, the cant on studying has involved repetition to embed learning. Cognitive scientists and psychologists are trying to get the word out that those ap- proaches are not the most effective way to study, not for kids, not for college students SELÇ U K DEM I REL and not for older adults, either. In fact, rather locale, studying the list once in a cluttered, partmentalize by intensely studying one than ritual and repetition, they say, the key windowless room, and then again in an airy, topic or skill at a time. A better approach, to learning is to mix things up. modern room with a view. The latter ap- cognitive scientists have found, is to study For example, the general wisdom says proach worked best, the psychologists be- related topics or skills in a sitting, then go students should create a clutter-free space lieve, because of the way the brain makes back the next day and do it again. The brain for themselves, preferably upright, and settle associations between the content studied has better recall when it has patterns to orga- in there for regular study. and other sensory experiences at the time. nize, and spacing out the study increases That’s bad advice, saysR obert A. Bjork, a “When the outside context is varied, the retention. psychologist at the University of California, information is enriched, and this slows down Finally, the Times article points out, cogni- Los Angeles. He and colleagues did an ex- forgetting,” Bjork told the New York Times in tive scientists have found that tests have an- periment where college students took two a much e-mailed article entitled, “Forget other purpose beyond assessment. The process different approaches to learning a list of 40 What You Know About Good Study Habits” of retrieving an answer to a question makes it vocabulary words. Some studied the list (published Sept. 6, 2010). more accessible for future retrieval. So students twice in one setting. Others changed their Another tip for students: Don’t overcom- should welcome frequent quizzes.

Credit card companies prey on undergrads Students are swiping their way to a world of debt

The average college student gradu- penalties that result in substantial profits for ates with nearly $4,100 in credit card debt, on credit card companies. What the students top of an average of $20,000 in loan debt. It’s often fail to realize is that the debt and spotty an obligation that can become crushing for credit history will follow them. some, even before students cross the finish Some of the credit card company and col- line. “Many new students drop out of college lege practices that the state is trying to sniff during the first academic year due to credit out include: card debt that is frequently masked by low ■ Colleges that have given marketers their grades,” says Robert D. Manning, author of students’ personal contact information— Credit Card Nation. without students’ permission; New York attorney general and guberna- ■ Credit card companies soliciting students torial candidate Andrew Cuomo marked the at student centers, athletic events, orienta- beginning of the 2010-11 school year by tions, classroom buildings and other campus sending letters to 300 colleges and universi- locations; ties in the state, asking to review any exclu- ■ Companies luring students by providing sive contracts they have with financial com- free gifts and food when they apply for a panies. It is part of an investigation into credit card; deceptive credit card marketing practices ■ Credit card companies paying schools for that target students through their colleges. At the exclusive right to market cards to their the same time, Cuomo’s letter calls on the students and to brand cards with their insig- schools to adopt policies that will help stu- nia; and dents avoid getting saddled with credit card ■ Worst of all, provisions in college contracts debt before their graduation. with credit card companies that provide the Banks and credit card companies target schools with a percentage of the finance students in part because they are less finan- charges assessed to certain credit card

SELÇ U K DEM I REL cially savvy and more likely to incur fees and accounts.

2 AFT ON CAMPUS | NOVEMBER / DECEMBER 2010 The heat intensifies on for-profit colleges After Senate hearings, legislative proposals likely next year

Enrollment at the 16 largest for-profit fraud and abuse. education corporations has exploded in the Earlier in the month, the department col- past few years, yet with withdrawal rates aver- lected comments on a regulatory proposal to aging 57 percent, the only thing most for-profit link students’ federal aid eligibility to their students are leaving with is historic debt. prospects for securing gainful employment That debt comes courtesy of American upon degree completion, based on how the taxpayers, pointed out U.S. Sen. Tom Harkin enrolling college’s students have succeeded (D-Iowa) on Sept. 30, in the third of a series in the past. That proposal, known as “gainful of Senate Health, Education, Labor and Pen- employment,” has proven the most contro- o f S en . ha rk i n ph oto C o u rtesy sions (HELP) Committee hearings on the versial the department has ever issued, gen- panies—Apollo (University Sen. Tom Harkin is for-profit college industry. Harkin is chair- erating nearly 100,000 comments since it was of Phoenix), Corinthian Col- taking for-profit man of the committee, which solicited exten- issued in July. The AFT submitted comments leges, Kaplan and Education colleges to task for sive enrollment, completion and financial and has been actively working on its own and Management Corporation deceptive practices. data from 30 for-profit colleges in order to in coalition with other education groups to (EDMC)—have derived 87 to address the hearing topic, “Are students support the proposal and advocate for stron- 93 percent of their income—profits—from succeeding?” ger protections for students. Because of the the taxpayer-supported student aid Students who leave college without com- number of comments, the department an- programs. pleting their degrees are 10 times more likely nounced it would postpone release of the Harkin presented a chart showing that the to default on their student loans, research final regulations—scheduled to come out 2009 profit margins of privately held, publicly shows. As reported in the last issue of AFT On Nov. 1, 2010—until early in 2011. They will traded companies ranged from 16 to 37 Campus (see “Colleges for Profit,” Septem- take effect July 2012. percent—a staggering performance given ber/October 2010), for-profit schools enroll During September, for-profit colleges en- that the Standard & Poor’s average for last fewer than 10 percent of all postsecondary gaged in a multimillion-dollar media blitz, year was 6 percent. students, but receive 23 percent of all federal running full-page ads in major newspapers Harkin said his committee will hold one aid dollars—$23.9 billion in 2008-09. suggesting that hundreds of thousands of more hearing in December and will propose This year, both the U.S. Department of jobs would be lost and low-income students legislation next year to address the for-profit Education and the HELP Committee have would be deprived of educational opportu- industry. been examining for-profit college operations, nity if gainful employment regulations pass The Sept. 30 hearing ended at 12:30 p.m. looking in particular at whether they engage as proposed. The industry has also spent mil- Based on the news that legislation would not in deceptive practices. The intent is to deter- lions this year lobbying Congress. be forthcoming in this session of Congress, mine whether tightened regulations could The for-profits have racked up surprising for-profit school stocks rallied. By midafter- protect the students and the public from profits in the past five years. The largest -com noon, EDMC stock was up 13.8 percent.

Community colleges nix Kaplan deal Contingent academics— One course for the price of nine proves a hard sell Complete the survey! The Coalition on the Academic The California Community College sys- understanding signed by California Com- Workforce (CAW)—of which AFT is a tem has opted out of a deal it made with Ka- munity Colleges (CCC) Chancellor Jack member—is conducting a major survey plan University to allow students to take Scott, each college was to enter into its own to collect information about the working courses at the for-profit online university. agreement with Kaplan. By midsummer this lives of contingent academics—nonten- The public college system entered into the year, none had. ure-track, full- and part-time instructors arrangement in December 2009 after budget One of the sticking points was that neither and researchers; graduate employees; cuts caused extreme overcrowding and the University of California nor the California and postdoctoral fellows. It is the first forced the cancellation of hundreds of cours- State University systems had agreed to accept national survey of its kind to gather in-depth data on the salaries, benefits, es at the state’s 112 colleges. Kaplan credits for transfer. Without that guar- course assignments and general working It would have been a sweet deal for Ka- antee, which the community colleges have, conditions that contingent academic plan. Although it said it would offer a dis- their students could be harmed by attending workers experience. count to redirected community college stu- Kaplan. Please go to www.academicwork dents, it planned to charge $646 for a Also, the statewide academic senate ex- force.org to complete the survey—and three-credit class, compared with $78 at a pressed concern that faculty were not in- spread the word to your part-time/ community college. volved in a decision that would hurt students adjunct and contingent colleagues. Under the terms of a memorandum of and contract out instructors’ work.

See reader comments on “Colleges for Profit,” page 20. AFT ON CAMPUS | NOVEMBER / DECEMBER 2010 3 INTERVIEW

A new book exhorts higher education to get back to its basic mission

off What is your message to those doing the bulk of teaching (i.e., not in the Ivy League and the elite “Golden Dozen” institutions) and to the students who are attending their institutions. track Our view is that public institutions like Gen- Andrew Hacker, professor emeritus of eseo State and Western Oregon are where political science—and now an adjunct—at real education takes place, with professors who truly care and who, thus far, have held Queens College of the City University of New the research incubus at bay. The last 15 years York, is a member of the Professional Staff have seen 2,781 papers on William Faulkner. Congress/AFT, and also formerly taught at How many more do we need? We hope pro- Cornell University. He is the author of the vosts and presidents will realize that this is the wrong road to prestige. Our message to best-selling Two Nations: Black and White, students: If you make your mark there, Har- Separate, Hostile, Unequal (1992) and many vard Law will give your name serious atten- other textbooks and trade books. Most tion. To the faculty: Sure, do some research recently, he has co-authored Higher Educa- and writing, but you’ll be remembered for your dedicated teaching. tion? How Colleges Are Wasting Our Money and Failing Our Kids and What We Can Do You and your co-author do adjunct teaching. About It, with Claudia Dreifus, a journalist What do you make of the growing reliance who produces the “Conversation with…” on a contingent teaching force? Not the least reason for overrelying on ad- feature that appears in the Tuesday Science juncts is that full-time faculty refuse to teach Section of the New York Times. She is an basic courses. Not only are adjuncts exploit- adjunct associate professor of international ed and underpaid, but regular professors barely acknowledge their presence. Our goal affairs and media at Columbia University’s

B r u ce Gi lbert is for every instructor to have at least an as- School of International and Public Affairs. As par t the arcane Authors Andrew Hacker sistant professor’s pay and benefits. sales and buzz about Higher Education? methodologies of and Claudia Dreifus say it’s time higher ed What first steps should we take to begin to intensified this fall,AFT On Campus posed their disciplines, tackled reform. clean our house? some questions to Hacker. which put students to sleep. Of course, we don’t want to force Since there’s so much to be done, I’ll give two steps as a start. First, Congress should get Tell us why you wrote this book. I’d been anyone to go to college. But if teaching is in- tougher on the easy availability of loans. If it writing on general topics, like race and the teresting and stimulating, young people does, colleges won’t be able to keep raising sexes in America. My partner, Claudia, asked might actually look forward to enrolling. their prices by driving undergraduates into me, “Why don’t you examine your own back- debt. And second, currently, 629 colleges yard?” We agreed that higher education re- You write that the costs of tenure “entirely have football teams, almost all of which di- ally needs a housecleaning. eclipse the benefits.” Given what we see in K-12, with high-stakes teacher evalua- vert funds from academic uses. We say follow tion, could discarding tenure be giving President Obama has set a goal of getting the lead of Swarthmore, Haverford, Mar- away the store? more students to complete certificates and quette, Emory, Brandeis and NYU, which do degrees by 2020. How do you feel about this We certainly favor rigorous evaluations, at quite nicely without this very costly sport. goal and the capacity of colleges to focus on every age and stage. But tenure is guaranteed student success? lifetime employment once you get it at, say, How are your union and other colleagues We’re reborn Jeffersonians, believing that the age of 40. Ninety-seven percent of Ameri- responding to this book? every young person has a promising mind. cans get by without it. In our view, it stifles We’ve had heartening approval, especially We’re in favor of college for everyone, if facul- young academics, while graying faculties for what we say about administrative over- ties rise to the occasion and devote them- prevent an entire generation from starting load and careerist presidents. So far, we selves to undergraduates. Now, not nearly their careers. A strong union is a better guar- haven’t made many converts to our position enough do. Too many feel they have to im- antor of academic freedom. on tenure.

4 AFT ON CAMPUS | NOVEMBER / DECEMBER 2010 Michigan lecturers beat the numbers Nontenure-track faculty get raises, healthcare safeguards

In a state that is among the hardest hit by hit as other groups on campus by the new the recession and unemployment, justice cost-sharing feature of the health insurance prevailed at the bargaining table, where the program. The lecturers will be gradually Lecturers’ Employee Organization at the folded in, and those with 50 to 79 percent- University of Michigan was able to secure a time appointments will be safeguarded from three-year contract with raises. LEO mem- negative effects on their salaries, says the bers ratified the contract on Sept. 12 in a vote union. where 99 percent gave the contract a The contract had been expired for three thumbs-up. months when settlement was finally reached, y /LEO ph oto LEO represents 1,445 nontenure-track after eight months of tense negotiations.

instructors on three UM campuses: Ann Ar- Members actively supported the bargaining B et h H a bor, Dearborn and Flint. At Ann Arbor, they team, says LEO president Bonnie Halloran. reappointment to Kirsten During negotiations, will see a 2.5 percent salary increase in 2010 “Members were involved in every phase of Herold, an 18-year veteran LEO supporters passed out fliers to parents of and 2011, and a 2.75 percent increase in the process, from developing the platform to lecturer who is also the LEO prospective students, 2012; raises at Flint and Dearborn will be tied researching university finances, from sitting vice president and a mem- telling them about the to tenure-track raises. at the table to creating an effective commu- ber of the bargaining team. university’s question- able treatment of Another major accomplishment of the nication system, and finally, in the ratifica- The union filed a grievance, respected lecturers contract is that lecturers will not be as hard- tion vote itself.” and as a settlement, UM of- like Kirsten Herold, It didn’t help the process when, at one fered Herold a position in whose reappointment was denied. point in negotiations, the university denied Student Services. White House holds Summit on Community Colleges State employee wage growth flat As promised early in the Obama National survey shows collective bargaining states do better administration, the White House held its first Summit on Community Colleges on A standard talking point among some For the first time since the AFT started Oct. 5. The event attracted business politicians, pundits and anti-government publishing the survey in 2000, wage growth leaders, philanthropists, government groups masked as think tanks is that govern- was virtually flat, up an average of 0.4 percent leaders, policymakers, college officials, ment employees make more money than to $47,245. and some faculty and students from private sector workers. “Too many people who are in a position to around the country, including AFT vice Not so, according to the 2010 AFT Public influence public opinion are recklessly mis- president Sandra Schroeder, who is president of AFT Washington. Employees Compensation Survey of state representing the facts,” says Bruce Ludwig, The summit’s purpose was to draw government jobs, which is the only national chair of the AFT Public Employees program attention to community colleges’ role in survey of its kind. In fact, the survey’s authors and policy council and business manager of developing the nation’s workforce and found that private sector occupations that the Alaska Public Employees Association. preparing students for further study. A have a comparable match in state govern- “Comments that government employees summit website solicited comments, and ment earn at least 20 percent more on make more than the private sector workers many had to do with community colleges’ average. who are paying their salaries with tax dollars reliance on part-time/adjunct faculty to The gap between private sector and pub- are nothing more than propaganda intended teach more than half of all courses. lic sector pay is much larger in some occupa- to foster anti-government sentiment and The president has said he wants the tions. On average, an attorney working for divide the nation.” The only honest way to country to boost community college the government earns 57 cents for every dol- compare public and private sector salaries, graduation by 5 million students by 2020, as part of his drive for America to have lar earned by a private sector lawyer; a chem- he adds, “is to compare workers in the same the highest proportion of college ist working for the government earns 65 cents or similar occupations, which is exactly what graduates in the world. Schroeder for every dollar earned by a private sector the AFT survey does.” brought to the table the AFT’s views chemist; and a librarian working for the gov- The data show that jobs with salaries that about investing more in instructional ernment earns nearly 74 cents for every dol- were negotiated through collective bargain- staffing to spur student success, and lar earned by a private sector librarian. ing paid $52,419 on average, compared with involving faculty in the development of The survey, released every September, $38,713 for jobs without collective bargain- policy relating to instruction, assessment reflects pay rates in effect March 1 of the ing. In other words, state professionals with and accountability. same year for 45 professional, scientific and collective bargaining earn an average of 35 To learn more about the summit, go related occupations in the 50 states and the percent more than their counterparts in non- to http://communitycollege.ideascale. District of Columbia. collective bargaining states.

To download the AFT compensation survey, go to www.aft.org/pecompsurvey. AFT ON CAMPUS | NOVEMBER / DECEMBER 2010 5 tion, that I want my dreams to come true, I would get my papers.” Senior year, her dream of attending Cor- nell University crumbled when she confided the truth to her college advisers. “They said, ‘Keep it hushed, don’t even apply, you could be deported.’ It was crushing. I thought, this is it? High school is the highlight of my life?” Sonia managed to enroll in Hunter Col- lege of the City University of New York and, in 2008, learned about DREAM. “I’ve come to realize that my situation is not the only one. I should not be ashamed of this. This has been the declaration of all undocumented youth. We are as American as our friends. We are not going to let this stop us.” Putting This year, Guinansaca and others partici- pated in a nine-day hunger strike in New York, and she was one of 21 arrested in a U.S. Sonia Guinansaca, a Senate office building this summer. “We said: the Hunter College junior, is risking all to fight for the ‘We are undocumented but unafraid. If this DREAM Act. Below, CUNY is what it takes to pass the DREAM Act, to risk students rally. deportation, so be it.’ ” DREAM B r u ce Gi lbert What happens to a dream deferred? Buffeted by politics Langston Hughes raised that question in U.S. Sen. Richard Durbin (D-Ill.) has cham- on hold the poem “Harlem,” written in 1951 in the pioned the DREAM Act, introducing it first in early days of the civil rights movement. 2001 and then in each subsequent session of Senate Republicans Now, nearly 60 years later, the question Congress, with bipartisan co-sponsors in quash legislation to help still stands, especially for hundreds of thou- both houses each year. The measure has sands of undocumented students who were earned majority support as both a stand- undocumented students left hanging Sept. 21, when Republicans in alone bill and as an amendment to other the U.S. Senate voted unanimously to block bills, but has never made it through for an find a path to citizenship consideration of the DREAM Act. up-or-down vote on the Senate floor. By Barbara McKenna DREAM, short for the Development, Re- Most recently, Sen. Harry Reid (D-Nev.) lief and Education for Alien Minors, is a mea- attached the bill as an amendment to the sure that would create a pathway to citizen- 2011-12 defense authorization bill, which also ship for undocumented students who were included an amendment to repeal the “don’t brought as children to the United States by ask, don’t tell” policy governing how gays may their parents. serve (or not) in the military. When the mea- A report of the Migration Policy Institute sures came up for a procedural vote on Sept. released in August estimates that 726,000 im- 21, the Republicans filibustered. TheR epub- migrants would be immediately eligible for licans voted unanimously to quash the mea- conditional legal status once the bill is sures. They were joined by the twoD emocratic passed. They could achieve permanent status senators from Arkansas, Mark Pryor and if they meet certain provisions (see box). Blanche Lincoln. The Republican filibuster in the Senate Undocumented but unafraid shows the importance of political action. It Sonia Guinansaca, 21, was 5 when her par- would have taken only one Republican vote to ents left impoverished circumstances in Ec- bring the bill to the floor for a vote—to break uador and arrived in New York in search of a the filibuster, in other words. On the floor, the better life. Sonia arrived two years later. She votes were there to pass it. thrived, earning top grades in junior high and Mary Giovagnoli, director of the Immigra- high school, and becoming active in athletics tion Policy Center, says: “This was clearly and student government. But in high school putting procedural wrangling and partisan she learned she had a secret and it wasn’t go- politics over social issues that are something ing to go away. “I kept thinking, if I keep the American public wants action on.”

Li s a Quiñ ones studying, if I can show that I want an educa- Every year, 65,000 undocumented stu-

6 AFT ON CAMPUS | NOVEMBER / DECEMBER 2010 AFT VOICES dents graduate from high school in the Unit- port of the bill. “College shouldn’t be just a ed States. For many, along with their diplo- dream, it should be a reality for all qualified mas and honors comes the knowledge that students, including immigrants,” said AFT they cannot get a Social Security number, a president Randi Weingarten before the vote. How would passage of driver’s license, an above-board job, or ac- “Demographics—whether it’s a student’s the DREAM Act affect cess to in-state tuition and an affordable background or birthplace—should not deter- your community? education. mine a student’s destiny.” While the United States is the only home Although the DREAM Act is stalled, sup- many of these students have known, they live porters hope it will come up for another vote in constant fear of deportation. Student sup- before the end of the congressional term. “I am an immigrant rights activist in porters of the DREAM Act, who call them- “Students working on this have managed addition to being a union staff selves “Dreamers,” put themselves in jeop- to spearhead a remarkable national mobili- member at Rutgers AAUP-AFT. There ardy when they openly speak about their zation,” says Kent Wong, director of the UCLA are many worthy students in New status. Yet that hasn’t stopped them in recent Center for Labor Research and Education Jersey who were brought to the U.S. months, “coming out” in their school and and a California Federation of Teachers vice as children; some are Rutgers home communities, undertaking hunger president. “They’ve built a grass-roots move- students. They have attended strikes, walking hundreds of miles, holding ment—organizing chapters; holding hunger meetings, telling their stories. The rallies, getting arrested, and risking strikes and rallies; reaching out to allies in DREAM Act will help many more who deportation. cannot afford to attend college or Dayanna Rebolledo, a 20-year- university. We have been trying to old student at Henry Ford Com- pass an in-state tuition bill. We should “Demographics—whether it’s a student’s not leave them as permanently undoc- munity College, was in Washing- umented—they have a right to ton, D.C., for the Sept. 21 vote. background or birthplace—should not citizenship in the only country they Her parents brought her to Michi- determine a student’s destiny.” have known.” gan from Mexico when she was 9. —Randi WEINGARTEN, AFT president Catherine Stanford She, like Guinansaca, excelled in Rutgers AAUP-AFT school, yet came to understand that high school could be the end point of her labor, civil rights and faith organizations. This “I believe that our nation will be education. A member of a youth immigration is precisely what it takes in order to keep the enhanced by giving those youngsters group called One Michigan, Rebolledo says issue of DREAM on national agendas.” who are really Americans a chance to that “education is my main focus, but dream- “We’re going to keep fighting for the become citizens.” ing has taken over my life.” She and her fellow DREAM Act,” says Christine Neumann-Ortiz, Stewart Brekke Dreamers came to the Senate to deliver peti- executive director of Voces de la Frontera, a Chicago Teachers Union tions signed by more than 65,000 people, worker and immigrant rights organization in asking for passage of the DREAM Act. Wisconsin. She teaches at Milwaukee Area “This is one way to provide for The AFT has passed two resolutions in Technical College and is a member of AFT children of immigrants who entered strong support of the measure, one in 2005 Local 212 there. the country illegally and have been and another this summer. AFT state affiliates Citing national opinion polls, Neumann- trying to achieve green cards and continue to work for passage of DREAM Acts Ortiz notes that the bill is supported by 70 citizenship. I believe our country is on in their states, where frequently the most im- percent of Americans. “That not oneR epub- the wrong track with its punitive portant issue is allowing these students to pay lican voted to have the DREAM Act included attitude toward the many hard-work- tuition at the in-state rate. in the [defense authorization] bill is testa- ing people who do not have the rights ment to the fact that this is the ‘party of no,’ ” afforded citizens.” Why elections matter she says. “TheN ovember elections are critical Judith Cohen Dowling College, N.Y. AFT members flooded their senators with to not losing ground and continuing to push messages in September to urge a vote in sup- for accountability from our elected leaders.” “I don’t think that American tax dollars should pay for illegal aliens’ The Development, Relief and Education for Alien education. If their parents never The DREAM Act Minors Act would allow unauthorized immigrants became citizens and never paid taxes to apply for legal permanent resident status on a conditional basis if they: to America, why should we use our ■ are under the age of 35; funds to educate them? There are too ■ arrived in the United States before the age of 16; many American adults who would like ■ have lived in the United States for at least the last five years; and to return to school to complete their own degrees. Let’s pay for our ■ have obtained a U.S. high school diploma or GED. American public first.” The conditional basis of their status would be removed in six years if they successfully complete at least two years of postsecondary education or military service, and if they Caroline Wong Houston maintain good moral character during that period.

AFT ON CAMPUS | NOVEMBER / DECEMBER 2010 7 Her platform calls for educating Delegate Assembly last October. the “whole child,” by ensuring “Alex Sink understands the that every student has access to toll the faltering economy is a well-rounded curriculum; and taking on Florida’s families and she wants to make college more on its public schools,” says FEA affordable and accessible for president Andy Ford. “She ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ young people. Elliott was understands that financially ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ elected to the Arkansas State bolstering our public schools, VOTE Senate in 2008 where she colleges and universities is a Ohio currently serves as majority wise investment in the future of Gubernatorial leader. this state and, more important- A former member of the ly, in our children.” Visit the Ted Strickland board of directors of the candidate’s website at www. As governor, Ted Strickland has National Board for Professional alexsink2010.com/home. taken a hands-on role in shaping Teaching Standards, Elliott higher education policy, promises to be a “constant beginning with the appointment advocate of making sure great of a strong chief higher On Nov. 2, Americans teachers are in every classroom education officer with whom he 2010 and that they are compensated has crafted an aggressive 10-year will go to the polls to as professionals.” plan. To keep college affordable, vote for members of Healthcare is another priority they have frozen or capped for Elliott. In 2009, she sponsored tuition rates. Congress, governors legislation that increased He spearheaded a change in and candidates for a eligibility for ARKids First, a the state’s school funding program which provides New York formula that increases the host of other state and healthcare insurance options for state’s share of education more than 70,000 children who U.S. Senate funding from 48 percent to 61 local offices. There are otherwise might not have Kirsten Gillibrand percent and reduces reliance on coverage. Visit the candidate’s numerous key races AFT members have stood with local property taxes. website at http://joyceelliott.com. U.S. Sen. Kirsten Gillibrand and He has proposed a plan to across the country she in turn has stood with us. provide more than $4 billion in where AFT members Gillibrand fills the seat previ- new funding for building and ously held by Secretary of State renovating schools across the are mobilized to get out Hillary Rodham Clinton and, state, and has called for like her predecessor, Gillibrand improvements to Ohio’s teacher the vote for the names education a top priority. education programs. candidates backed by “Investing in education,” she “Gov. Strickland works says, “is the most important closely with us to improve Ohio their unions. AFT On investment we can make.” schools and support our Campus profiles some Before her appointment, members who do amazing work Florida Gillibrand served in the U.S. in the classroom—that’s why the of those candidates. Gubernatorial House of Representatives as an Ohio Federation of Teachers advocate of open government, endorsed him,” says OFT Alex Sink a stronger economy and a more president Sue Taylor. Visit the The Florida Education Associa- robust public education system. candidate’s website at www. tion is backing Alex Sink in her Gillibrand worked in both the tedstrickland.com. bid for governor. A respected House and Senate to secure leader in Florida’s business funding for New York schools community for more than 25 that will prevent teacher layoffs years, Sink was elected the and ensure that students are state’s chief financial officer not harmed by budget cuts. (CFO) in 2006. She has called for “Sen. Gillibrand was a fully investing in schools from prominent voice in securing a prekindergarten through the $26 billion state aid bill that Arkansas university level and for funding prevented teacher layoffs and U.S. House of workforce training and devastating cuts to New York’s Representatives development programs. schools,” says United Federation Pennsylvania Joyce Elliott “I know as well as you do of Teachers president Michael U.S. Senate that Florida needs a leader who Mulgrew. “She has been an A former high school teacher recognizes that we cannot build advocate of our students, Joe Sestak and AFT local leader from Little a new, vibrant economy without teachers and schools.” Visit the Democrat Joe Sestak has served Rock, Joyce Elliott’s support of a strong education system,” Sink candidate’s website at www. two terms in the U.S. House of public education is impeccable. said in remarks to the FEA kirstengillibrand.com/home. Representatives where he has

8 AFT ON CAMPUS | NOVEMBER / DECEMBER 2010 made his mark on education, “We are thrilled to support ahead. Economic growth, healthcare and jobs bills. one of our own—a pioneering environmental protection and A former three-star Navy Texas union activist who rose to energy reform have been admiral, Sestak became the become a national AFL-CIO viewed separately for too long, highest-ranking military officer in leader—in her run for the he says, adding that new Congress when elected in 2006. powerful post of lieutenant technologies can create In the House, Sestak has governor of Texas,” says Texas thousands of high-paying green turned that military focus to AFT president Linda Bridges. jobs. issues closer to home. The son of Chavez-Thompson “speaks our Wisconsin AFT-Wisconsin endorsed a teacher, he is devoted to language––the language of Gubernatorial Barrett in February. “Tom is strengthening public education educational and economic running for governor to bring and making higher education opportunity––and her passion Tom Barrett more good jobs back to more affordable and accessible and wit are adding a vital Married to a teacher and the Wisconsin, to stand up for our to working families. His spark to our elections here in father of four, Tom Barrett shared priorities like education, 9-year-old daughter’s successful Texas this fall.” Visit the understands the complexities in to expand opportunity and battle against brain cancer candidate’s website at www. education. If elected, he will prosperity for the workers and convinced him that every texansforlinda.com. invest in Wisconsin’s schools. He families of this state, and to American deserves the kind of aims to ensure that Wisconsin fight for a stronger Wisconsin high-quality healthcare that children will gain the skills to for all of us,” says AFT-Wisconsin saved his daughter’s life, and he make their state even more com- president Bryan Kennedy. Visit fought tirelessly to pass petitive in the global economy. the candidate’s website at www. healthcare reform in the House. He also sees a green economy barrettforwisconsin.com. “Joe is a problem solver, not an ideologue,” says AFT Pennsylvania president Ted California’s Proposition 25 Kirsch. Visit the candidate’s website at http://joesestak.com/ A ballot initiative to let a simple majority rule Home/Home. Washington CALIFORNIANS KNOW all about the “tyranny of the minority.” The state U.S. Senate is one of three in the country that requires a two-thirds majority in the Patty Murray state legislature to pass a budget bill. This has led to budget gridlock each year and a worsening quality of life as a minority of lawmakers A former AFT member from the have held the budget process hostage to their agenda of reduced public Shoreline Community College services like education and healthcare. Federation of Teachers, U.S. Sen. The majority-vote budget measure (Proposition 25) instead would Patty Murray has a strong require a simple majority—50 percent plus one—to pass a budget bill. commitment to education Getting the signatures to put this measure on the ballot was at the professionals and public heart of the California Federation of Teachers and other unions’ education. Her campaign has 360-mile March for California’s Future last spring. Texas launched an innovative “Educa- The supermajority vote has “strangled democracy and put the Lieutenant tors for Murray” program. minority party in control of major decisions to manage the system,” says governor’S RACE Sen. Murray has a commend- Dennis Smith, CFT secretary-treasurer. For example, this has meant a able record on education and Linda handful of lawmakers could introduce tax loopholes into budget bills labor. As head of a Senate labor that give breaks to special interests. Or worse, budget bills have passed Chavez-Thompson subcommittee, she is striving to with items unrelated to the budget, such as elimination of time-and-a- The Texas AFT is supporting enact laws that will protect work- half pay for working more than eight hours a day, and removal of Linda Chavez-Thompson in her ers’ right to organize. She has restrictions on contracting out public sector jobs to allow employers to run for lieutenant governor. The introduced legislation to provide pay minimum wage without benefits for what had formerly been former executive vice president the best possible support for decent, well-paying jobs. of the AFL-CIO, Chavez-Thomp- students and teachers, from As they trudged through California’s conservative Central Valley last son has spent decades fighting improving Head Start to March, CFT members talked about the state’s broken budgeting process. for the interests of working addressing the shortage of “We are slamming shut the doors of opportunity and gutting our families. Her campaign’s central students pursuing careers in infrastructure,” said Jim theme is expanding the science, technology and math. In Miller, a professor of English economy of Texas by investing in higher education, she built and Labor Studies at San public education. coalitions to help pass legislation Diego City College and a Chavez-Thompson stresses the raising the maximum Pell Grant. member of the AFT Guild. importance of early literacy “Patty Murray has shown her programs, fully funding high- support for children and A college student hands out quality public education, and mak- education since she was elected fliers in support of Proposi- ing a college education affordable in 1992,” says AFT Washington tion 25. The AFT’S California to all. She also advocates having president Sandra Schroeder. Visit affiliate is helping to rally incentives to hire more math and the candidate’s website at www. support for the ballot initiative.

science teachers. pattymurray.com. C F T PH OTO

AFT ON CAMPUS | NOVEMBER / DECEMBER 2010 9 agenda as the nation heads into a make-or- break November election. From Congress to Elections matter the statehouse and the governor’s mansion, AFT members are being asked to get involved Members are stepping up their political activism on behalf of before voters cast their ballots. candidates who support public schools and public services In Wisconsin, AFT members had can- vassed neighborhoods almost 50 times before Labor Day, dedicating weekends, evenings IF THERE’S A learning curve that connects the coming back for this school year and spent the and lots of shoe leather in an effort to enlist world of politics with the realities of the class- summer working out his professional “Plan backing for candidates who will support room, then second-year teacher Anthony B”—a low-paid, no-benefits graduate assis- schools and public services. There is genuine Tabacco just earned his postdoctorate. tantship at a nearby college. excitement about the prospect of electing Tom A music teacher in Broward County, Fla., “It was tooth and nail,” the music teacher Barrett, a pro-labor candidate for governor. Tabacco will always remember his rookie year says of these fights, which taught him a lot Patrick Devitt, a retired public defender in teaching as a season on the brink. First came about how the battles must be waged: It’s not and a member of AFT-Wisconsin, participates a school budget crisis that put educators’ jobs about unions standing up for teachers; it’s in labor’s get-out-the-vote activities because on the line. Then came Florida’s S.B. 6, a state about teachers standing up for them- he’s “devoted to the philosophy of bill to put standardized exams in the driver’s selves through their unions. the value of unions to the country. seat for every aspect of school life and treat “I never knew it made this much They are an important economic music teachers like Tabacco as little more than of a difference,” Tabacco says of tool for people to get into the middle excess baggage in test-score fixation that mas- grass-roots political involvement. class and stay there.” querades as school reform. But Tabacco, who has returned to TheT exas AFT is reaching out to Finally, there was the fight in teaching this year thanks to effective 65,000 members across the state as Congress to secure funds political action, now traces a strong it builds a groundswell of support ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ that could prevent the elimi- line connecting the engagement of VOTE ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ behind Linda Chavez-Thompson nation of as many as 300,000 members like himself with a string and her bid to become the Lone Star local school positions—no of successes by his local, state and State’s next lieutenant governor. small concern for Tabacco, national affiliates to preserve jobs “I never knew Chavez-Thompson is former execu- who had been told he wasn’t and promote effective school [political tive vice president of the AFL-CIO. 2010 improvement. action] made The state federation and its affiliates And the music teacher offers a this much of have set up phone banks and orga- simple message to colleagues around nized neighborhood walks on behalf the country when it comes to getting a difference.” of Chavez-Thompson. engaged in key political battles this —anthony tabacco “Empowering” is how Austin Broward Teachers Union November: “Don’t take a pass.” school librarian Laura Rice de- scribes her involvement in these efforts. And Voices to be heard she’s done it all—from working the phones to The authenticity and passion of individual block walking with the union’s endorsed can- teachers—those who step up and get involved didate for state representative. As an educator, when political action is a key to keeping she knows “you have to step out of your com- schools strong—have always been the union’s fort zone” to take on this challenge, but the JO H N S A LLER “difference-maker” in the public arena. AFT bottom line is “you do see changes” through affiliates have long political involvement “and you personally understood this, and become better informed” about the candi- they are putting the dates and issues. lessons to good use— In Florida, affiliates and members across actively seeking out the state have been working to drive educa- frontline profession- tion issues to the forefront as they rally be- als to drive a strong hind Alex Sink, the state’s chief financial of- education and labor ficer, in her bid to become the Sunshine

Top photo: AFT-Wiscon- State’s next governor. Securing victory for sin member Patrick candidates of this caliber is an investment in Devitt, right, speaks to the future—one that only members can make a voter during a labor walk. Right: Texas AFT through their grass-roots involvement in the leaders and members political process, says Tabacco. make calls on behalf of And he plans to stay involved through lieutenant governor candidate Linda November and beyond. “You’ve got to get out

jody h orton Chavez-Thompson. there,” he says. “There’s no other way.”

10 AFT ON CAMPUS | NOVEMBER / DECEMBER 2010 The 111th Congress Voting Record This AFT voting record, spanning 2009-10, representatives have voted on key issues. Votes are contains a selection of votes that are especially listed as Right (R) or Wrong (W) according to the important for our members, the institutions in AFT position on each issue. Party affiliation which we work and the people we serve. It provides (D=Democrat, R=Republican, I=Independent) a summary of how U.S. senators and follows the member’s name. WHEN CONGRESS convened in January 2009, the AFT and our allies achieved a major the country was facing an economic crisis victory on Aug. 10, when President Obama whose seeds had been laid during the signed legislation, championed by the preceding years, and the continued conflicts congressional Democratic leadership, into law in Iraq and Afghanistan. Barack Obama that secured $10 billion to save more than entered the White House with an ambitious 135,000 education jobs and provide $16 billion agenda aimed at charting a new course for the in additional Medicaid assistance. Without nation while simultaneously addressing the this funding, students returning to school this deepening economic crisis. Democratic fall would have faced larger class sizes, majorities in both houses of Congress moved shortened school days and weeks, cuts in quickly to help working families and reverse classes and programs, and fewer teachers. This the damaging policies of the Bush years. would have been a dreadful start to a new The AFT joined in the fight by immediately school year. Additionally, states would have working for passage of a stimulus package that been forced to make a new round of cuts to would help struggling Americans as well as vital public services in their communities. state and local governments weather a Improving access to higher education—a devastating recession. The AmericanR ecovery longtime priority of the AFT—was achieved in and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) provided an the enactment of new laws that eliminated the unprecedented $100 billion investment in Federal Family Education Loan program, education and other vital public services which subsidized banks, and redirected these recognizing the role these services play in our savings into the hands of the neediest students country’s economic health and stability. The and their families by increasing the bill helped mitigate draconian cuts to public purchasing power of Pell Grants. services on the state and local levels, helped Through our Activists for Congressional preclude layoffs of educators and other Education (ACE) program, AFT members have public employees, and provided resources to michael campbell deepened relationships with their U.S. senators help struggling schools. Teachers and their and representatives at home. By talking with students were able to maintain access to the lawmakers about the AFT’s priority issues such as tools and supports needed to help them insurance companies will not be able to deny the reauthorization of the Elementary and succeed in the classroom. benefits because of pre-existing conditions or Secondary Education Act, healthcare reform, and Although there were some cancel policies because of illness. This is not a the need for additional assistance for state and disappointments with programs in the perfect bill—the AFT would have preferred local governments to combat the fiscal crisis, the stimulus package, including implementation that it not include a tax on anyone’s benefits. voice of AFT members has been heard loud and of the Race to the Top program, ARRA marked However, we were able to work with others to clear in Washington. Through the AFT e-Activist an important turning point in moving the mitigate the effects of this tax and delay its network, more than 100,000 letters, e-mails and country back from the brink of economic implementation until 2018. The bill makes a calls were made by our members to Congress in disaster. significant start at getting costs under control support of the AFT’s position on key bills. The AFT was an integral part of the and moves the nation toward the goal of Despite a long list of distinguished successful effort that made unprecedented affordable, accessible high-quality healthcare accomplishments, much work remains reforms to our healthcare system in the face of for all Americans. unfinished. TheR epublicans in Congress have fierceR epublican opposition. The new law will Although the ARRA was a success, it stayed united in their opposition to a provide 32 million more Americans with became apparent that the depth and length of progressive agenda, including passage of the access to healthcare coverage. Seniors will be the recession would necessitate additional Employee Free Choice Act and the DREAM able to purchase affordable medications federal assistance in 2010 with states facing Act. Whatever the outcome of the November because the legislation eliminates the unprecedented revenue shortfalls and school elections, it seems likely that the 111th “doughnut hole” in coverage under the districts nationwide looking at deep budget Congress will return to Washington and Medicare prescription drug program. And cuts. After a long and hard-fought campaign, address some of its unfinished work.

The voting record was prepared by the American Federation of Teachers department of legislation. It is available online at www.aft.org/votes.

AFT ON CAMPUS | NOVEMBER / DECEMBER 2010 11 HOUSE VOTES assage assage

1. Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act: Lilly assage assage Ledbetter, who worked for the Goodyear ell Grants ell Grants Tire & Rubber Co. for more than 20 years, assage assage was paid less than her male counterparts ax E xtenders ax E xtenders for doing the same work. After Ledbetter L illy edbetter E conomic Stimulus P E conomic Stimulus C onference School C onstruction Student L oan O verhaul P H ealthcare R econciliation H ealthcare T P Jobs/ P Jobs L illy edbetter E conomic Stimulus P E conomic Stimulus C onference School C onstruction Student L oan O verhaul P H ealthcare R econciliation H ealthcare T P Jobs/ P Jobs had retired, she discovered the pay Vote Number: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Vote Number: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 differential and filed suit. The Lilly AFT Position: Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y AFT Position: Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Ledbetter Fair Pay Act overturned a 2007 Alabama McNerney (D) R R R R R R R W R R U.S. Supreme Court ruling that limited Aderholt (R) W W W W W W W W W W Miller, George (D) R R R R R R R R R R workers’ ability to sue employers for Bachus, S. (R) X W W W W W W W W W Miller, Gary (R) X W W W W W W W P X illegal pay discrimination under the 1964 Bonner (R) W W W W W W W W W W Napolitano (D) R R R R R R R R R R Civil Rights Act. The bill, ultimately signed Bright (D) W W W R R W W W W W Nunes (R) W W W W X W W W W W into law by President Obama, was passed Davis, A. (D) R R R R R W W X R R Pelosi (D) R R R S R R R R R R Jan. 9, 2009, by a vote of 247-191. A yes Griffith (R) W W W R R W W W X W Radanovich (R) W W W W X W W W X X vote is a right vote. Rogers, Mike D. (R) W W W W W W W W W W Richardson (D) R R R R R R R R R R Alaska Rohrabacher (R) W W W W W W W W W W 2. Economic Stimulus Passage: The Young, D. (R) R W W W W W W W X X Roybal-Allard (D) R R R R R R R R R R House version of the economic stimulus American Samoa Royce (R) W W W W W W W W W W package was designed to jump-start the Faleomavaega (D) I I I I I I I I I I Sanchez, Linda (D) R R R X R R R R R R economy by providing $819.5 billion in tax Arizona Sanchez, Loretta (D) R R R R R R R R R R cuts and new spending. The bill included Flake (R) W W W W W W W W W W Schiff (D) R R R R R R R R R R $100 billion for education to save jobs and Franks, T. (R) W W W W W W W W W W Sherman (D) R R R R R R R R R R to support states and school districts. The Giffords (D) R R R R R R R W R R Solis (D) R R R I I I I I I I package also included support and Grijalva (D) R R R R R R R R R R Speier (D) R R R R R R R R R X additional funding for priority programs Kirkpatrick (D) R R R R R R R R R R Stark (D) R R R X R R R W R R such as Title I, IDEA, Head Start, the Child Mitchell (D) R R R R R R R W R R Tauscher (D) R R R R I I I I I I Care and Development Block Grant, Pell Pastor (D) R R R R R R R R R R Thompson, M. (D) R R R R R R R R R R Grants and other forms of financial aid. Shadegg (R) X W W W W W W W W W Waters (D) R R R R R R R R R R The House version of the bill also provided Arkansas Watson (D) R R R R R R R R R R significant financial support to help make Berry (D) X R R R R R W R R X Waxman (D) R R R R R R R R R R infrastructure improvements in public Boozman (R) W W W W W W W W W W Woolsey (D) R R R R R R R R X R schools and universities and to increase Ross (D) R R R R R W W R R R Colorado funding for the Federal Medical Assistance Snyder (D) X R R R R R R R W X Coffman (R) W W W W W W W W W W Percentages (FMAP) to the states. The bill California DeGette (D) R R R R R R R R R X passed 244-188 on Jan. 28, 2009, and was Baca (D) R R R R R R R R R R Lamborn (R) W W W W W W W W W W signed into law Feb. 17, 2009. A yes vote is Becerra (D) R R R R R R R R R R Markey, B. (D) R R R R R W R W W R a right vote. Berman (D) R R R R R R R R R R Perlmutter (D) R R R R R R R R R R Bilbray (R) W W W W W W W W W W Polis (D) R R R R R R R W W R 3. Economic Stimulus Conference Bono Mack (R) W W W W W W W W W W Salazar, J. (D) R R R R R R R W R R Report: The final version of the economic Calvert (R) W W W W W W W W W W Connecticut stimulus bill, the American Recovery and Campbell (R) W W X W W W W W W W Courtney (D) R R R R R R R R R R Reinvestment Act, as agreed to by the Capps (D) R R R R R R R R R R DeLauro (D) R R R R R R R R R R House and Senate, provided $787 billion Cardoza (D) R R R R R R R R R R Himes (D) R R R R R R R W R R in critical aid to children, students and Chu (D) I I I I R R R R R R Larson, J. (D) R R R R R R R R R R workers, as well as investments to create Costa (D) R R R R X R R R R R Murphy, C. (D) R R R R R R R W R R and save jobs and jump-start the Davis, S. (D) R R R R R R R R R R Delaware economy. This assistance helped avert cuts Dreier (R) W W W W W W W W W W Castle (R) W W W W W W W W R R that would have led to job loss, larger Eshoo (D) R R R R R R R R R R District of Columbia class sizes, and higher tuition rates at Farr (D) R R R R R R R R R R Norton (D) I I I I I I I I I I public colleges and universities. The Filner (D) R R R R R R R R R R Florida package also included additional funding Gallegly (R) X W W W W W W W W W Bilirakis (R) W W W W W W W W W W for Title I, IDEA, Pell Grants and early Garamendi (D) I I I I I R R R R R Boyd, A. (D) W W R R W W R W R R childhood education programs, and a Harman (D) R R R R R R R R R R Brown, C. (D) R R R R R R R R R R significant increase in theF ederal Medical Herger (R) W W W W W W W W W W Brown-Waite, G. (R) W X W R W W W X W W Assistance Percentages (FMAP) to the Honda (D) R R R R R R R R R R Buchanan (R) W W W W R W W W W X states. The bill also included several Hunter (R) W W W W W W W W W W Castor (D) R R R R R R R R R R discretionary programs to be adminis- Issa (R) W W W W W W W W W W Crenshaw (R) W W W W W W W W W W tered by the Department of Education, Lee (D) R R R R R R R R R R Deutch (D) I I I I I I I R R R including Race to the Top and School Lewis, Jerry (R) W W W W W W W W W W Diaz-Balart, L. (R) W W W R W W W W W X Improvement Grants, about which the Lofgren (D) R R R R R R R R R R Diaz-Balart, M. (R) W W W R W W W W W W AFT had concerns. The bill was adopted by Lungren (R) W W W W W W W W W X Grayson (D) R R R R R R R R R R a 246-183 vote on Feb. 13, 2009, and Matsui (D) R R R R R R R R R R Hastings, A. (D) R R R R R R R X R R signed into law on Feb. 17, 2009. A yes McCarthy, K. (R) W W W W W W W W W W Klein, R. (D) R R R R R R R W R R vote is a right vote. McClintock (R) W W W W W W W W W W Kosmas (D) R R R R R W R W R R McKeon (R) W W W W W W W W W W Mack (R) W W W W W W W W W W

12 AFT ON CAMPUS | NOVEMBER / DECEMBER 2010 4. School Construction: The 21st assage assage Century Green High-Performing Public School Facilities Act (H.R. 2187) authorizes $6.4 billion for school construction assage assage projects in fiscal year 2010, requiring that a certain percentage be used for ell Grants assage ell Grants assage construction that meets environmental or ax E xtenders

ax E xtenders energy efficiency standards. The bill also L illy edbetter E conomic Stimulus P E conomic Stimulus C onference School C onstruction Student L oan O verhaul P H ealthcare R econciliation H ealthcare T P Jobs/ P Jobs L illy edbetter E conomic Stimulus P E conomic Stimulus C onference School C onstruction Student L oan O verhaul P H ealthcare R econciliation H ealthcare T P Jobs/ P Jobs authorizes $600 million in fiscal years Vote Number: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Vote Number: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 2010 through 2015 for the repair of public AFT Position: Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y AFT Position: Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y schools damaged by Hurricanes Katrina Meek, K. (D) R R R R R R R R R X Carson (D) R R R R R R R R R R and Rita, applies Davis-Bacon prevailing Mica (R) W W W W W W W W W W Donnelly (D) R R R R R R R W R R wage requirements to authorized Miller, J. (R) W W W W W W W W W W Ellsworth (D) R W R R R R R R R R projects, and bars states from taking into Posey (R) W W W R W W W W W W Hill (D) R R R R R R R W R R account funds authorized under the bill Putnam (R) W W W W W W W W W W Pence (R) W W W W W W W W W W when determining a school’s eligibility for Rooney (R) W W W W W W W W W X Souder (R) W W W W W W W I I I other aid. The bill passed 275-155 on Ros-Lehtinen (R) W W W R R W W W W W Visclosky (D) R R R R R R R R W R May 14, 2009. A yes vote is a right vote. Stearns (R) W W W W W W W W W W Iowa Wasserman Schultz (D) R R R R R R R R R R Boswell (D) R R R R R R R R R R 5. Student Loan Overhaul: The Student Wexler (D) R R R R R R I I I I Braley (D) R R R R R R R R R R Aid and Fiscal Responsibility Act (SAFRA) Young, C.W. (R) W W W R W W W W W X King, S. (R) W W W W W W W W W W eliminated the Federal Family Education Latham (R) W W W W W W W W W W Georgia Loan Program and redirected savings into Loebsack (D) R R R R R R R R R R Barrow (D) R R R R R W W R R R the hands of the neediest students and Kansas Bishop, S. (D) R R R R R R R R R R their families by increasing the purchasing Jenkins (R) W W W W W W W W W W Broun (R) W W W W W W W W W X power of the Pell Grant. The bill also Moore, D. (D) R R R R R R R R R R Deal (R) W W W W W W W I I I included a role for nonprofit state Moran, Jerry (R) W W W W W W W W W W Gingrey (R) W W W W W W W W W X agencies to service student loans and Tiahrt (R) X W W W W W W W W W Graves, T. (R) I I I I I I I I W W provide financial literacy for students; Kentucky Johnson, H. (D) R R R R R R R X R R provisions to address the issue of Chandler (D) R R R R R W W R R R Kingston (R) W W W W W W W W W W academic staffing by including faculty Davis, G. (R) W W W W W W W X W W Lewis, John (D) R R R R R R R R R R representation in two of the grant Guthrie (R) W W W W W W W W W W Linder (R) W W W W W W W W W X processes; and made a direct investment Rogers, H. (R) W W W W W W W W W W Marshall (D) R R R R R W W R W R of funds to help repair and modernize Whitfield (R) R W W W W W W W W W Price, T. (R) W W W W W W W W W W community college facilities. SAFRA Yarmuth (D) R R R R R R R R R R Scott, D. (D) R R R R R R R R R R passed the House 253-171 on Sept. 17, Louisiana Westmoreland (R) W W W W W W W W W W 2009. A yes vote is a right vote. Guam Alexander, R. (R) W W W W W W W W W W Bordallo (D) I I I I I I I I I I Boustany (R) W W W W W W W W W X 6. Affordable Health Care for America Cao (R) W W W R R R W R W R Hawaii Act: This bill would overhaul the nation’s Cassidy (R) W W W W W W W W W W Abercrombie (D) R R R R X R I I I I health insurance system and require most Fleming (R) W W W W W W W W W W Djou (R) I I I I I I I W W W individuals to buy health insurance by Melancon (D) R R R R R W W X R R Hirono (D) R R R R R R R R R R 2013. It included a government-run public Scalise (R) W W W W W W W W W W Idaho health insurance option to allow Maine Minnick (D) R W W R R W W W R R individuals without coverage to purchase Michaud (D) R R R R R R R W R R Simpson (R) W W W W W W W W W W insurance. Employers would be required Pingree (D) R R R R R R R R R R Illinois to offer health insurance to employees or Maryland Bean (D) R R R R R R R W X R be subject to a penalty tax. It also would Bartlett (R) W W W W W W W W W W Biggert (R) W W W W W W W W W W bar insurance companies from denying or Cummings (D) R R R R R R R R R R Costello (D) R R R R R R R R R R reducing coverage based on pre-existing Edwards, D. (D) R R R R R R R R R R Davis, D. (D) R R R R R R R R R R medical conditions. The bill passed Hoyer (D) R R R R R R R R R R Foster (D) R R R R R R R R R R 220-215 on Nov. 7, 2009. A yes vote is a Kratovil (D) R W R R R W W W R R Gutierrez (D) R R R R R R R R R R right vote. Halvorson (D) R R R R R R R R R R Ruppersberger (D) R R R R R R R R R R Hare (D) R R R R R R R R R R Sarbanes (D) R R R R R R R R R R 7. Health Care and Education Jackson, J. (D) R R R R R R R R R R Van Hollen (D) R R R R R R R R R R Reconciliation Act: On March 21, 2010, Johnson, Timothy (R) W W W R R W W W R W Massachusetts the House passed H.R. 4872, the Health Kirk, M. (R) W W W R W W W W R W Capuano (D) R R R R R R R W R R Care and Education Reconciliation Act, by Lipinski (D) R R P R R R R R R R Delahunt (D) R R R R R R R R R R a vote of 220-211. The president signed Manzullo (R) W W W W W W W W W W this bill into law on March 30. The law Quigley (D) I I I R R R R R R R moves the nation toward the goal of Roskam (R) W W W W W W W W W X VOTE KEY: affordable, high-quality healthcare for all Rush (D) R R R R R R R R R R R Member’s position agrees with AFT position Americans by allowing over 30 million Schakowsky (D) R R R R R R R R R R W Member’s position disagrees with AFT position more Americans to receive healthcare Schock (R) W W W W W W W W W W X Member did not cast a yea or nay vote coverage. Seniors will be able to purchase Shimkus (R) W W W W W W W W W W I Member was ineligible to vote affordable medications because the Indiana P Member voted present legislation eliminates the “doughnut Burton (R) W W W W W W W W W W S Speaker exercised discretion not to vote Buyer (R) W W W W W W W W W W Continued on next page

AFT ON CAMPUS | NOVEMBER / DECEMBER 2010 13 HOUSE VOTES assage assage

Continued from previous page assage assage hole” in coverage under the Medicare prescription drug program by 2020. And ell Grants ell Grants assage assage insurance companies will not be able to ax E xtenders ax E xtenders

deny benefits because of pre-existing L illy edbetter E conomic Stimulus P E conomic Stimulus C onference School C onstruction Student L oan O verhaul P H ealthcare R econciliation H ealthcare T P Jobs/ P Jobs L illy edbetter E conomic Stimulus P E conomic Stimulus C onference School C onstruction Student L oan O verhaul P H ealthcare R econciliation H ealthcare T P Jobs/ P Jobs conditions or cancel policies because of Vote Number: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Vote Number: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 illness. In addition, the bill mitigates (but AFT Position: Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y AFT Position: Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y does not permanently eliminate) the excise Frank, B. (D) R R R R X R R R R R New Hampshire tax on benefits and delays its start until Lynch (D) R R R R R R R R R R Hodes (D) R R R R R R R R R R 2018. Unfortunately the final bill does not Markey, E. (D) R R R R R R R R R R Shea-Porter (D) R R R R R R R R R R contain a “public option” strongly McGovern (D) R R R R R R R R R R New Jersey supported by the AFT. H.R. 4872 also Neal (D) R R R R R R R R R R Adler (D) R R R R R W W R R R includes provisions to modify the student Olver (D) R R R R R R R R R R Andrews (D) R R R R R R R R R R aid program to make higher education Tierney (D) R R R R R R R R R R Frelinghuysen (R) W W W W W W W W W W more accessible and affordable for students Tsongas (D) R R R R R R R R R R Garrett (R) W W W W W W W W W W and their families. A yes vote is a right Michigan Holt (D) R R R R R R R R R R vote. Camp (R) W W W W W W W W W W Lance (R) W W W R W W W W W W Conyers (D) R R R R X R R R X R LoBiondo (R) W W W R W W W W W W 8. Tax Extensions Motion to Concur: On Dingell (D) R R R R R R R R R R Pallone (D) R R R R R R R R R R May 28, 2010, the House considered the Ehlers (R) W W W R W W W W W W Pascrell (D) R R R R R R R R R R American Jobs and Closing Tax Loopholes Hoekstra (R) W W W W W W W W X W Payne (D) R R R R R R R R R R Act of 2010, a bill to create and protect jobs Kildee (D) R R R R R R R R R R Rothman (D) R R R R R R R R R R by providing an extension in unemploy- Kilpatrick (D) R R R R R R R R R R Sires (D) R R R R R R R R R R ment benefits toA mericans struggling to Levin, S. (D) R R R R R R R R R R Smith, C. (R) R W W R W W W W W W find work. The bill also provided fiscal relief McCotter (R) W W W R W W W W W W New Mexico to overburdened state governments, Miller, C. (R) W W W R W W W W W W Heinrich (D) R R R R R R R R R R including $27 billion in temporary Federal Peters (D) R R R R R R R R R R Lujan (D) R R R R R R R R R R Medical Assistance Percentages (FMAP). In Rogers, Mike (R) W W W W W W W W W W Teague (D) R R R R R W W R R R addition, the bill included tax deductions Schauer (D) R R R R R R R R R R New York for college tuition and deductions for Stupak (D) R R R R R R R X R R Ackerman (D) R R R R R R R R R R classroom supplies purchased by educators. Upton (R) W W W W W W W W W W Arcuri (D) R R R R R R W R R R The bill passed 215-204 on May 28, 2010. Minnesota Bishop, T. (D) R R R R R R R R R R A yes vote is a right vote. Bachmann (R) W W W W W W W W W W Clarke (D) R R R R R R R R R R Ellison (D) R R R R R R R R R R Crowley (D) R R R R R R R R R R 9. Supplemental Appropriations for Kline, J. (R) W W W W W W W W W W Engel (D) R R R R R R R R R R Educator Jobs and Pell Grants: Rep. McCollum (D) R R R R R R R R R R Hall, J. (D) R R R R R R R R R R David Obey (D-Wis.) offered an amendment Oberstar (D) R R R R R R R R R R Higgins (D) R R R R R R R R R R that included $10 billion to save educator Paulsen (R) W W W W W W W W W W Hinchey (D) R R R R R R R R R R jobs and $5 billion for Pell Grants as part of Peterson (D) R W W R R W W R W R Israel (D) R R R R R R R R R R the FY 2010 defense supplemental Walz (D) R R R R R R R R R R King, P. (R) W W W R W W W W W W appropriations bill. With Recovery Act Mississippi Lee, C. (R) W W X W W W W W W W funds winding down and state and local Childers (D) W R R R R W W R R R Lowey (D) R R R R R R R R R R budgets still facing massive deficits, the Harper (R) W W W W W W W W W W Maffei (D) R R R R R R R R R R $10 billion in assistance would address the Taylor (D) R W W W R W W W W W Maloney (D) R R R R R R R R R R predicted loss of as many as 300,000 Thompson, B. (D) R R R R R R R R R R Massa (D) R R R R R W I I I I educators’ jobs. The $5 billion for Pell Missouri McCarthy, C. (D) R R R R R R R R R R Grants would cover the current funding Akin (R) W W W W W W W W W W McHugh (R) W W W R X I I I I I shortfall for the program. The amendment Blunt (R) W W W W W W W W W X McMahon (D) R R R R W W W W R R passed by a 239-182 vote on July 1, 2010. Carnahan (D) R R R R R R R R R R Meeks, G. (D) R R R R R R R R R R A yes vote is a right vote. Clay (D) R R R R R R R R R R Murphy, S. (D) I I I R R W R W R R Cleaver (D) R R R R R R R R R R Nadler (D) R R R R R R R R R R 10. Education Jobs and Medicaid Emerson (R) W W W W W W W W W W Owens (D) I I I I I R R R R R Assistance (Final Passage): Upon Senate Graves, S. (R) X W W W W W W X W W Rangel (D) R R R R R R R R R R passage of H.R. 1586 on Aug. 5, 2010, House Luetkemeyer (R) W W W W W W W W W W Serrano (D) R R R R R R R R R R Speaker Nancy Pelosi called the House back Skelton (D) R R R R R W W R W R Slaughter (D) R R R R R R R R R R into session for a vote on this important bill. Montana Tonko (D) R R R R R R R R R R H.R. 1586 provides $10 billion to save Rehberg (R) W W W W W W W W W W Towns (D) R R R R R R R R R R education jobs and $16 billion in additional Nebraska Velazquez (D) R R R R R R R R R R Medicaid assistance. Without this funding, Fortenberry (R) W W W W W W W W W W Weiner (D) R R R R R R R R R R students in the fall would face larger class Smith, Adrian (R) W W W W W W W W W W North Carolina sizes, shortened school days and weeks, cuts Terry (R) W W W W W W W W W W Butterfield (D) R R R R R R R R R R in classes and programs, and fewer Nevada Coble (R) W W W W W W W W W W teachers. The House approved H.R. 1586 by Berkley (D) R R R R R R R R R R Etheridge (D) R R R R R R R R R R a vote of 247-161 on Aug. 10, 2010. The Heller (R) W W W W W W W W W W Foxx (R) W W W W W W W W W W president signed this bill into law on the Titus (D) R R R R R R R R R R Jones (R) X W W W W W W X W X same day. A yes vote is a right vote.

14 AFT ON CAMPUS | NOVEMBER / DECEMBER 2010 assage assage assage assage assage assage ell Grants ell Grants ell Grants assage assage assage ax E xtenders ax E xtenders ax E xtenders L illy edbetter E conomic Stimulus P E conomic Stimulus C onference School C onstruction Student L oan O verhaul P H ealthcare R econciliation H ealthcare T P Jobs/ P Jobs L illy edbetter E conomic Stimulus P E conomic Stimulus C onference School C onstruction Student L oan O verhaul P H ealthcare R econciliation H ealthcare T P Jobs/ P Jobs L illy edbetter E conomic Stimulus P E conomic Stimulus C onference School C onstruction Student L oan O verhaul P H ealthcare R econciliation H ealthcare T P Jobs/ P Jobs Vote Number: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Vote Number: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Vote Number: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 AFT Position: Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y AFT Position: Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y AFT Position: Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Kissell (D) R R R R R W W R R R Pitts (R) W W W W W W W W W W Reyes (D) R R R R R R R R R R McHenry (R) W W W W W W W W W W Platts (R) W W W R R W W W W W Rodriguez (D) R R R R R R R R X R McIntyre (D) R R R R R W W W R R Schwartz (D) R R R R R R R R R R Sessions, P. (R) W W W W W W W W W W Miller, B. (D) R R R R R R R R R R Sestak (D) R R R R R R R R R R Smith, Lamar (R) W W W W W W W W W W Myrick (R) W W W W W W W W W W Shuster (R) W W W W W W W W W W Thornberry (R) W W W W W W W W W W Price, D. (D) R R R R R R R R R R Thompson, G. (R) W W W W W W W W W W Utah Shuler (D) R W W R R W W X R R Puerto Rico Bishop, R. (R) W W W W W W W W W W Watt (D) R R R R R R R R R R Pierluisi (D) I I I I I I I I I I Chaffetz (R) W W W W W W W W W W North Dakota Rhode Island Matheson (D) R R R R R W W R R R Pomeroy (D) R R R R R R R R R R Kennedy (D) R R R R R R R R R R Vermont Northern Mariana Islands Langevin (D) R R R R R R R R R R Welch (D) R R R R R R R R W R Sablan (D) I I I I I I I I I I South Carolina Virgin Islands Ohio Barrett (R) W W W W X W W W W W Christensen (D) I I I I I I I I I I Austria (R) W W W W W W W W W W Brown, H. (R) X W W W W W W W W W Virginia Boccieri (D) R R R R R W R R R R Clyburn (D) R R X R R R R R R R Boucher (D) X R R R R W W R R R Boehner (R) W W W W W W W W W W Inglis (R) W W W W W W W W W W Cantor (R) W W W W W W W W W W Driehaus (D) R R R R R R R W R R Spratt (D) R R R R R R R R R R Connolly (D) R R R R R R R W R R Fudge (D) R R R R R R R R R R Wilson, J. (R) W W W W W W W W W W Forbes (R) W W W W W W W W W W Jordan (R) W W W W W W W W W W South Dakota Goodlatte (R) W W W W W W W W W W Kaptur (D) R R R R R R R R R R Herseth Sandlin (D) X R R R W W W W W R Moran, James (D) R R R R R R R R R R Kilroy (D) R R R R R R R R R R Tennessee Nye (D) R R R R R W W W R R Kucinich (D) R R R R R W R R R R Blackburn (R) W W W W W W W W W W Perriello (D) R R R R R R R R R R LaTourette (R) W W W R W W W W W X Cohen (D) R R R R R R R R R R Scott, R. (D) R R R R R R R R R R Latta (R) W W W W W W W X W W Cooper (D) R W R R R R W W W W Wittman (R) W W W W W W W W W W Ryan, T. (D) R R R R R R R R R R Davis, L. (D) R R R R R W W R R R Wolf (R) W W W W W W W W W W Schmidt (R) W W W W W W W W W W Duncan (R) W W W W W W W W W W Washington Space (D) R R R R R R W R R R Gordon (D) R R R R R W R R R R Baird (D) X R R R R W R R W R Sutton (D) R R R R R R R R R R Roe (R) W W W W W W W W W W Dicks (D) R R R R R R R R R R Tiberi (R) W W W W W W W W W W Tanner (D) R R R X X W W R W X Hastings, D. (R) W W W W W W W W W W Turner (R) W W W W W W W W W W Wamp (R) W W W W W W W W X X Inslee (D) R R R R R R R W R R Wilson, Charlie (D) R R R R R R R R R R Texas Larsen, R. (D) R R R R R R R R R R Oklahoma Barton (R) W W W W W W W W W W McDermott (D) R R R R R R R R R R Boren (D) W R R R R W W X R R Brady, K. (R) W W W W W W W W W W McMorris Rodgers (R) W W W W W W W W W W Cole (R) W W W W W W W W W W Burgess (R) W W W W W W W W W W Reichert (R) W W W R W W W W W W Fallin (R) W W W W W W W W W W Carter (R) W W W W W W W W W W Smith, Adam (D) R R R R R R R W R R Lucas (R) W W W W W W W W W W Conaway (R) W W W W W W W W W W West Virginia Sullivan (R) W W W W W W W W W W Cuellar (D) R R R R R R R R R R Capito (R) W W W W W W W W X W Oregon Culberson (R) W W W W W W W W W W Mollohan (D) R R R R R R R R R R Blumenauer (D) R R R R R R R R R R Doggett (D) R R R R R R R W R R Rahall (D) R R R R R R R R R R DeFazio (D) R R W R R R R W R R Edwards, C. (D) R R R R R W W W R R Wisconsin Schrader (D) R R R R R R R R R R Gohmert (R) W W W W W W W W W W Baldwin (D) R R R R R R R R R R Walden (R) W W W W W W W W W W Gonzalez (D) R R R R R R R R R R Kagen (D) X R R R R R R R R R Wu (D) R R R R R R R R R R Granger (R) X W W W W W W W W W Kind (D) R R R R R R R R R R Pennsylvania Green, A. (D) R R R R R R R R R R Moore, G. (D) X R R R R R R R R R Altmire (D) R R R R R W W R R R Green, G. (D) R R R R R R R R R R Obey (D) R R R R R R R R R R Brady, R. (D) R R R R R R R R R R Hall, R. (R) W W W W W W W W W W Petri (R) W W W W R W W W W W Carney (D) R R R R R R R R R R Hensarling (R) W W W W W W W W W W Ryan, P. (R) W W W W W W W X W W Critz (D) I I I I I I I R R R Hinojosa (D) R R R R R R R R R X Sensenbrenner (R) W W W W W W W W W W Dahlkemper (D) R R R R R R R R W R Jackson Lee (D) R R R R R R R R R R Wyoming Dent (R) W W W R W W W W W W Johnson, S. (R) W W W W W W W W X W Lummis (R) W W W W W W W W W W Doyle (D) R R R R R R R R R R Johnson, E. (D) R R R R R R R R R R Fattah (D) R R R R R R R R R R Marchant (R) W W W W W W W W W W VOTE KEY: Gerlach (R) W W W R W W W W W W McCaul (R) W W W R W W W W W W R Member’s position agrees with AFT position Holden (D) R R R R R W W R R R Neugebauer (R) W W W W W W W W W X W Member’s position disagrees with AFT position Kanjorski (D) R W R R W R R R R R Olson (R) W W W W W W W W W W X Member did not cast a yea or nay vote Murphy, P. (D) R R R R R R R R R R Ortiz (D) R R R R R R R R R R I Member was ineligible to vote Murphy, T. (R) W W W R W W W W W W Paul (R) W W W W X W W W W W P Member voted present Murtha (D) R R R R R R I I I I Poe (R) W W W W W W W W W W S Speaker exercised discretion not to vote

AFT ON CAMPUS | NOVEMBER / DECEMBER 2010 15 SENATE VOTES

1. Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act: The Lilly Ledbetter 5. Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act: canceling policies because of illness. In addition, the Fair Pay Act (S. 181) restores long-standing protec- This was a vote to invoke cloture (60 votes [three- bill mitigates (but does not permanently eliminate) tions against pay discrimination that were eliminated fifths of the total Senate] are required to invoke the excise tax on benefits and delays its start until in the 2007 Ledbetter v. Goodyear Tire & Rubber cloture and thus end debate) on a motion to proceed 2018. Unfortunately the final bill does not contain a decision. Lilly Ledbetter, a Goodyear employee, did to consideration of H.R. 3590, the Patient Protection “public option” strongly supported by the AFT. H.R. not realize until she had retired that she was being and Affordable Care Act. The bill would expand 4872 also includes provisions to modify the student paid less than her male counterparts. The bill coverage to 30 million Americans, put new rules on aid program to make higher education more amended the 1964 Civil Rights Act to clarify time insurance companies and provide subsidies to help accessible and affordable for students and their limits for workers to file employment discrimination middle- and low-income families and small business families. A yes vote is a right vote. lawsuits; it passed the Senate 61-36 on Jan. 22, 2009. to purchase coverage through market exchanges. A yes vote is a right vote. Although the legislation fell short in several critical 8. FY 2010 Supplemental Appropriations for areas—including lack of a public option and a new Education Jobs and Pell Grants: This was a vote to 2. Economic Stimulus Passage: Passage of this bill tax on benefits—allowing debate to proceed was a invoke cloture (60 votes [three-fifths of the total was the Obama administration’s first priority. The critical step in the process to enact healthcare reform. Senate] are required to invoke cloture and thus end American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) (A subsequent reconciliation bill was signed into law debate) on the motion to proceed to consideration provided approximately $838 billion for spending in March 2010. It strengthened the “fair share” for of the House-passed 2010 supplemental appropria- and tax cuts to stimulate the economy, including a business requirements and significantly reduced the tions bill (H.R. 4899). The House bill, among other provision to exempt additional taxpayers from the tax on benefits.) On Nov. 21, 2009, the Senate voted things, included $10 billion for educator jobs and alternative minimum tax in 2009. It provided funds to end the filibuster and move to consideration of nearly $5 billion for the Pell Grant program. The for a State Fiscal Stabilization Fund that helped the bill by a vote of 60-39. A yes vote is a right vote. $5 billion for Pell Grants sought to cover the current prevent job loss in education and other programs, funding shortfall for the program. Motion to and temporarily increased federal Medicaid 6. Private School Vouchers: Sen. Joseph Lieber- proceed was defeated by a vote of 46-51 on July 22, matching payments for states by an estimated man (I-Conn.) offered a private school voucher 2010. A yes vote is a right vote. $87 billion. The Senate passed the stimulus package amendment to H.R. 1486, a bill dealing with the by a 61-37 vote on Feb. 10, 2009; the bill was signed Federal Aviation Administration. The amendment 9. Education Jobs and Medicaid Assistance into law Feb. 17, 2009. A yes vote is a right vote. would have reauthorized the expired Washington, (Final Passage): This vote was a motion to concur D.C., private school voucher program despite several with a House amendment to H.R. 1586. The 3. Economic Stimulus Conference Report: The federal reports that documented problems with the legislation provides $10 billion to save education jobs final version of the economic stimulus bill as agreed program for new students and its lack of effective- and $16 billion in additional Medicaid assistance. to by a House and Senate conference committee ness. The Senate rejected the Lieberman voucher Without this funding, students in the fall would face provided $787 billion in tax cuts and spending amendment on March 16, 2010, by a vote of 42-55. larger class sizes, shortened school days and weeks, increases to stimulate the economy. This included the A no vote was a right vote. cuts in classes and programs, and fewer teachers. State Fiscal Stabilization Fund and increases for Title Every member of the Senate Democratic Caucus and I, IDEA, higher education and other crucial education 7. Health Care and Education Reconciliation two Republicans voted for this bill, and it was programs. The final package also included significant Act: On March 25, 2010, the Senate passed H.R. 4872, approved by a vote of 61-39 on Aug. 5, 2010. A yes additional funding for Federal Medical Assistance the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act, by vote is a right vote. Percentages (FMAP). Although the money was a a vote of 56-43. The president signed this bill into law lifeline that has helped preserve hundreds of on March 30, 2010. The law moves the nation thousands of jobs during the recession, the bill also toward the goal of affordable, high-quality created several discretionary programs to be healthcare for all Americans by allowing over 30 administered by the Department of Education, million more Americans to receive healthcare including Race to the Top and School Improvement coverage. The legislation eliminates the “dough- Grants, about which the AFT had concerns. The nut hole” in coverage under the Medicare Senate passed the conference report on Feb. 13, prescription drug program by 2020, 2009, by a vote of 60-38, and the bill was signed into and it prevents insurance companies from denying law Feb. 17, 2009. A yes vote is a right vote. benefits because of pre-existing conditions or

4. Fiscal 2010 Budget Resolution Conference Report: Adoption of the conference report on the concurrent resolution that would allow up to $1 trillion in non-emergency discretionary spending for fiscal year 2010, plus $130 billion in fiscal 2010 for operations in Iraq and Afghanistan. The resolution allows modest increases in funding to education, job training, and health and safety programs. It also includes an extension of the 2001 and 2003 tax cuts for households earning less than $250,000 annually. The resolution was adopted by a 53-43 vote on April 29, 2009. A yes vote is a right vote.

16 AFT ON CAMPUS | NOVEMBER / DECEMBER 2010 assage assage assage assage assage assage ell Grants C loture ell Grants assage ell Grants C loture ell Grants assage ell Grants C loture ell Grants assage L illy edbetter E conomic Stimulus P E conomic Stimulus C onference F iscal 2010 B udget C onference C loture H ealthcare Vouchers P H ealthcare P Jobs/ P Jobs L illy edbetter E conomic Stimulus P E conomic Stimulus C onference F iscal 2010 B udget C onference C loture H ealthcare Vouchers P H ealthcare P Jobs/ P Jobs L illy edbetter E conomic Stimulus P E conomic Stimulus C onference F iscal 2010 B udget C onference C loture H ealthcare Vouchers P H ealthcare P Jobs/ P Jobs Vote Number: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Vote Number: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Vote Number: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 AFT Position: Y Y Y Y Y n Y Y Y AFT Position: Y Y Y Y Y n Y Y Y AFT Position: Y Y Y Y Y n Y Y Y Alabama Iowa North Dakota Sessions, J. (R) W W W X W W W W W Grassley (R) W W W W W W W W W Conrad (D) R R R R R R R R R Shelby (R) W W W W W X W W W Harkin (D) R R R R R R R R R Dorgan (D) R R R R R R R R R Alaska Kansas Ohio Begich (D) R R R R R R R W R Brownback (R) W W W W W W W W W Brown, Sherrod (D) R R R R R R R R R Murkowski (R) R W W W W W W W W Roberts (R) W W W W W W W W W Voinovich (R) W W W W X W W W W Arizona Kentucky Oklahoma Kyl (R) W W W W W W W W W Bunning (R) W W W W W W W W W Coburn (R) W W W W W W W W W McCain (R) W W W W W W W W W McConnell (R) W W W W W W W W W Inhofe (R) W W W W W W W W W Arkansas Louisiana Oregon Lincoln (D) R R R R R R W R R Landrieu (D) R R R R R R R W R Merkley (D) R R R R R R R R R Pryor (D) R R R R R R W W R Vitter (R) W W W W W W W W W Wyden (D) R R R R R R R R R California Maine Pennsylvania Boxer (D) R R R R R R R R R Collins (R) R R R W W W W W R Casey (D) R R R R R R R R R Feinstein (D) R R R R R W R R R Snowe (R) R R R W W R W W R Specter (D) R R R W R R R W R Colorado Maryland Rhode Island Bennet (D) R R R R R R R W R Cardin (D) R R R R R R R R R Reed, J. (D) R R R R R R R R R Salazar, (D) I I I I I I I I I Mikulski (D) R R R R R R R R R Whitehouse (D) R R R R R R R R R Udall, Mark (D) R R R R R R R W R Massachusetts South Carolina Connecticut Brown, Scott (R) I I I I I W W W W DeMint (R) W W W W W W W X W Dodd (D) R R R R R R R R R Kennedy, E. (D) X R X X I I I I I Graham (R) W W W W W W W W W Kerry (D) R R R R R R R R R Lieberman (I) R R R R R W R W R South Dakota Kirk, P. (D) I I I I R I I I I Delaware Johnson, Tim (D) R R R R R R R R R Michigan Biden (D) I I I I I I I I I Thune (R) W W W W W W W W W Levin, C. (D) R R R R R R R R R Carper (D) R R R R R R R W R Tennessee Stabenow (D) R R R R R R R R R Kaufman (D) R R R R R R R R R Alexander, L. (R) W W W W W W W W W Minnesota Florida Corker (R) W W W W W W W W W Franken (D) I I I I R R R R R LeMieux (R) I I I I W W W W W Texas Klobuchar (D) R R R R R R R R R Martinez (R) W W W W I I I I I Cornyn (R) W W W W W W W W W Mississippi Nelson, Bill (D) R R R R R W R R R Hutchison (R) R W W W W W W W W Cochran (R) W W W W W W W W W Georgia Utah Wicker (R) W W W W W W W W W Chambliss (R) W W W W W W W W W Bennett (R) W W W W W X W W W Missouri Isakson (R) W W W W W W X W W Hatch (R) W W W W W W W W W Bond (R) W W W W W W W X W Hawaii Vermont McCaskill (D) R R R R R R R W R Akaka (D) R R R R R R R R R Leahy (D) R R R R R R R X R Montana Inouye (D) R R R R R R R R R Sanders (I) R R R R R R R R R Baucus, M. (D) R R R R R R R R R Idaho Virginia Tester (D) R R R R R R R R R Crapo (R) W W W W W W W W W Warner (D) R R R R R W R W R Nebraska Risch (R) W W W W W W W W W Webb (D) R R R R R R R W R Johanns (R) W W W W W W W W W Illinois Washington Nelson, Ben (D) R R R W R R W R R Burris (D) R R R R R R R R R Cantwell (D) R R R R R R R R R Nevada Durbin (D) R R R R R R R R R Murray (D) R R R R R R R R R Ensign (R) W W W W W W W W W Indiana West Virginia Reid, H. (D) R R R R R R R R R Bayh (D) R R R W R R R W R Byrd (D) R R R W R X R I I New Hampshire Lugar (R) W W W W W W W W W Goodwin (D) I I I I I I I R R Gregg (R) W X W W W W W W W Rockefeller (D) R R R X R R R R R Shaheen (D) R R R R R R R R R Wisconsin New Jersey Feingold (D) R R R R R R R R R Lautenberg (D) R R R R R R R R R Kohl (D) R R R R R R R R R Menendez (D) R R R R R R R R R Wyoming New Mexico Barrasso (R) W W W W W W W W W Bingaman (D) R R R R R R R R R Enzi (R) W W W W W W W W W Udall, T. (D) R R R R R R R R R New York Clinton (D) I I I I I I I I I VOTE KEY: Gillibrand (D) I R R R R R R R R R Member’s position agrees with AFT position Schumer (D) R R R R R R R R R W Member’s position disagrees with AFT position North Carolina X Member did not cast a yea or nay vote Burr (R) W W W W W W W W W I Member was ineligible to vote Hagan (D) R R R R R R R R R

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AFT ON CAMPUS | NOVEMBER / DECEMBER 2010 17 YOUR MONEY

Economic insecurity spreads

By Don Kuehn come to return to previous levels once a hit from 12.2 percent in 1985 to a previous high of this magnitude has been felt, according to of 17 percent in early 2002. (The higher the ALTHOUGH I REMAIN optimistic that the professor Jacob Hacker of Yale University, index, the more families are in distress.) The economy will right itself and job creation will who developed the ESI. ESI improved to 13.7 percent in 2007 before pick up, this year one in five American fami- Security varies across the population. the current economic downturn set in. Pro- lies has seen a decline of 25 percent or more People with the most income and education jections through 2009 estimate the index has in their household income. have fared the best. The less affluent, those reached 20.4 percent. Policymakers seem A lot of the students in your classroom with limited education, African-Americans, blinded by corporate good news while the right now are from these families. Hispanics and single-parent families have little guys continue to suffer. What is needed Economic insecurity can actually be mea- suffered the most. are extensive job creation policies and a sured by tracking several major risks to finan- So, what happened? Incomes leveled off, strengthening of the safety net necessary for cial well-being. The three factors that make medical costs rose faster than inflation, families to survive. up the Rockefeller Foundation’s Economic pensions were replaced with 401(k) plans, In the meantime, all Americans have to Security Index (ESI) are: and fewer companies provided healthcare. take on the responsibility to protect them- ■ experiencing a major loss in income (at At the same time, many families financed selves from the kind of income loss and least 25 percent); their lifestyles on the perceived inflated healthcare costs that could put them at risk ■ incurring large out-of-pocket medical ex- value of their homes, taking on massive for economic insecurity. penses; and debt under the mistaken belief that they Save. Invest. Build a safety net of your ■ not having the financial wealth to buffer the were sitting on a gold mine with four bed- own. It’s your money. Keep as much of it as impact of the first two. rooms and granite countertops. That sense you can. It can take from six to eight years for in- of security crashed when the housing bub- ______ble burst and many families had little or no Don Kuehn is a retired AFT senior national representative. For specific advice relative to your For an expanded version of this article, go to: savings to fall back on. personal situation, consult competent legal, tax www.aft.org/publications/your_money. The insecurity trend line is up. TheE SI has or financial counsel. Comments and questions risen (though not steadily) over the years can be sent to [email protected].

WGU-NewMEd4c_725x464_Aug2010.indd 1 8/20/10 11:09 AM 18 AFT ON CAMPUS | NOVEMBER / DECEMBER 2010 STATE LINES ers. “It certainly expands our mission at a time of diminished funding and full-time staffing.” On the other hand, he notes, HFCC is preparing to go to four-year programs in nursing and possibly culinary arts if the bill passes. “There is great concern among Teacher faculty about providing affordable access to such programs, and concern about the approved! The Engineers and Architects standing of two of our flagship programs in CA Association of Los Angeles took a the minds of legislators and prospective historic step on Sept. 2 when the union’s students were we not to do so.” AFT board of governors voted to affiliate with Michigan, the state’s largest higher ed “Mead’s Builder program the California Federation of Teachers, the union representing faculty and staff at has changed education!” AFT’s state federation. four- and two-year colleges, has not taken a –Stephanie Kirk, English Teacher The 5,000-memberE AA represents position on this legislation. professionals in virtually every City of Los Currently, 17 states have community Angeles department and bureau. The colleges that offer some bachelor’s degrees. “This is amazing! Probably affiliation providesE AA with more the best research papers New York University management opportunities, resources and clout, says we’ve seen in years.” EAA executive director Joe Kahraman, NY was apoplectic on Aug. 29 when adding that the affiliation also placesE AA members of the Union of Clerical, Adminis- –Loretta Fowlkes, Title I Reading Coach where it belongs: “among a larger group of trative & Technical Staff (UCATS) leadership professionals who have come together to team showed up at NYU’s student center to improve public services.” distribute informational leaflets during students’ moving-in day. The purpose of the Earlier this year, delegates leaflets was to inform students and parents MD attending the Maryland about staff layoffs even as top university Classified Employees Association’s special officials rake in fat raises. convention voted to confirm the MCEA At issue is the fact that over the past 12 board of directors’ recommendation to months, NYU has eliminated the jobs of affiliate with the national AFT. more than 150 workers and an equal TheM CEA has a diverse membership of number of frontline managers, citing a 9,000 working and retired public employees “budget crisis,” while at the same time in state, county and local government giving NYU president John Sexton and throughout Maryland. The special conven- other top officials pay packages that would tion on affiliation came after more than a make Wall Street bankers proud. year of research on potential affiliation Specifically, Sexton’s 2009 compensa- Introducing the partners that included a wide array of tion topped out at over $1.36 million—an revolutionary software to national unions. increase of more than 8 percent over the previous year. NYU executive vice president plan, organize and write The Michigan House of Represen- Michael Alfano and provost David better research papers. McLaughlin each snagged 6 percent raises, MI tatives passed a bill in September See more testimonials and that would allow the state’s community bringing their total compensation to more colleges to offer bachelor’s degrees in than $583,000 each. While union members try the free interactive nursing, culinary arts, maritime technol- received 3.25 percent contractual raises in software demo at: ogy and concrete technology. 2009 (roughly $25 per week), frontline The bill addresses the reality that managers and faculty were given no raises workers need higher-level skills in order to at all, due to the “budget crisis.” meadbuilder.com/AT2 enter their professions, and community This year, UCATS members received a 3 colleges have the capacity to provide those percent increase and will negotiate a new skills at a lower cost to students. On the contract in October 2011. Frontline Register for other hand, the public universities see no managers and faculty received 1.5 percent teacher incentives reason for the expansion. raises. “There is some ambivalence among The UCATS leadership team distributed AMTOCT10 HFCC faculty about this issue,” says John more than 1,500 leaflets asking parents and McDonald, president of the Henry Ford students to call Sexton and tell him to stop Community College Federation of Teach- cutting student services.

AFT ONAmericanTeacherOct.indd CAMPUS | NOVEMBER 1 / DECEMBER 20108/16/10 19 11:15:05 AM MAILBOX

Buyers Beware: Readers react to for-profit colleges syllabi, majors, general “Colleges for Profit” (September/October public institutions are shrink- education requirements, 2010 On Campus cover story) is a good ing—to the obvious disadvan- degrees and, certificates beginning for the AFT to start fighting this tage of working class and scrutinized by peers, sector. I worked at the for-profit Art unemployed students. The granting agencies, state Institute of California-San Francisco for importance of using Pell, boards of education and about three years until my students’ class Stafford and other federal accrediting agencies. magazine was censored on its first day of funds intelligently could not Most majors require a distribution. I was fired. This at an art be more obvious. These critical mass of full-time school! Since that happened we uncovered funds were voted to help faculty sitting in offices, other instances of censorship at our campus create opportunity for seeing students—not and in Portland. These colleges are exempt another generation and as typing on keyboards. from freedom of speech and academic an investment in the United States—not to The amount of money freedom laws. The California agency respon- be siphoned by stockholders and the that the for-profits have spent in congres- sible for overseeing the licensing of these administrators of spurious for-profit sional lobbying to prevent any meaningful kinds of diploma mills refused to respond to “colleges.” oversight of their work ought to be a signal either my complaint or even inquiries by Evidence is mounting that the misuse of to Congress to ensure its funds are not state Sen. Leland Yee. such monies by abusive for-profit, stock- abused in a higher education equivalent of The deregulation of for-profit colleges holder-owned “colleges” crosses all state that $3,500 coffeepot in an infamous allowed their explosive growth. This is lines and that many of these consist only of military contract. higher education’s charter school/privatiza- highly paid administrators and poorly paid Sandi E. Cooper, New York, N.Y. (The author is chair of the City University of tion issue, since the colleges are draining off instructors—some qualified, others not. New York University Faculty Senate.) resources and sinking students into endless Only the federal government can provide debt in exchange for an inferior education. supervision against fraud and abuse of Robert Ovetz, San Francisco, Calif. taxpayer money. Those of us—the vast I was employed in a supervisory capacity by a majority of American faculty—who labor in very well known national (“for-profit”) We are at a moment in time when American public institutions serving non-elite proprietary technical college. Instructors higher education is supported by urgent populations, first-time college students were constantly under pressure from White House statements, but the budgets of [and] new immigrants, have our course corporate headquarters to meet certain

WGUEdLeadership4c_725x464_Aug2010.indd 1 8/20/10 11:07 AM 20 AFT ON CAMPUS | NOVEMBER / DECEMBER 2010 attendance, retention and student (grade) price of these low-quality texts was cleverly academic code. My attrition rate at Axia is performance goals. But the exorbitant tuition included in the tuition, students were similar to my attrition rate at the community and fees being charged students without essentially clueless as to what they were college. their comprehension were even more actually being charged for these “required The faculty forum is also a great questionable. Take as one example—text- texts.” resource. I really feel connected with my books. When I was first hired, the college Name Withheld by Author’s request colleagues, something I don’t feel at the used essentially the same high-quality, face-to-face schools where adjuncts are hardcover multicolor texts used by most I’ve been working for the University of lumps to be ignored. I really enjoy all the public and private colleges offering similar Phoenix, Axia College, for over a year now. I jobs I hold. I also really enjoy interacting courses. But eventually corporate leaders also teach for a local community college and with students in both environments. entered into a “clever” agreement to have a local four-year private college. What goes Michele Oster, Rocky Point, N.Y. custom texts written for them by foreign on in the classroom is just as educational as authors and produced in India. The faculty at any face-to-face school. Thanks for such a great, truthful article. I were never consulted and the results were I have students in all schools who are have worked for two business colleges, both embarrassing. underprepared for college (thank you NCLB) very similar to [those in] your story. Admis- The texts were poorly edited and and are clueless about what their student sions sells lies to the students to get them contained numerous grammar, syntax, loans are going to do to them later on. into the school, sells them false promises, spelling and typographical errors. Worse Axia recently started a First Year and then can’t be found when the students still, many of the “lab exercises” were Sequence (FYS) program where students are upset and angry over the fraud. The lies seriously flawed and simply didn’t work who have less than 24 college credits can are about everything from accreditation, to when tried. It was obvious that the authors’ play catch up. It’s a four-block sequence transferring credits, to how much money lab exercises had never been set up, carried where block one is three weeks and the their profession makes, to what programs out and tested before publication. other three are the usual nine weeks. Block are even available. The new texts were excessively theoretical one consists of an introductory class that I wish students would learn the truth, and inappropriate for an “occupational gets students acquainted with the online save their money and go to community program” where practical application is campus and helps them develop study college for the same training, such as in the supposed to be emphasized. Of course, from habits, and a personal finance class where medical and computer fields. They could a corporate prospective the texts were great students learn about credit and loans. actually leave with an accredited degree and since they allowed the corporation to capture Axia also has a great system that allows transferable credits, real knowledge, and a larger proportion of the prices being facilitators to notify counselors when a money in their pockets. charged students. And since the exorbitant student is failing or has violated the Name Withheld By Author’s Request

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AFT ON CAMPUS | NOVEMBER / DECEMBER 2010 21 STATE WATCH

A different deficit Society’s losses due to the recession are more damaging than budgets in the red By Ed Muir Teenagers who don’t find employment Again, the societal deficit rises. are less likely to develop a stable attachment By passing healthcare reform, putting Even now, months into a recovery, there to work and are more likely to have trouble Americans to work and now moving to end are 15 million Americans who want jobs but holding jobs later in life. Yet states and cities the Bush tax cuts for the wealthiest Ameri- can’t find them. There were 7 million more of are cutting youth job programs, again adding cans, we’re taking real steps to right our fi- us in living in poverty in 2009 than in 2006, to that societal deficit. nancial house. While a lot of focus during this including 3 million children. One in five College freshmen report having record election season has been put on the budget American children are now poor; the poverty levels of uncertainty about their ability to af- deficit, less has been put on the societal defi- rate is even higher in communities of color, ford college. At the same time, the University cit that the recession has caused. of California system has Every member of the AFT, in every divi- “In a time when more families need help, we’re cut 2,000 course offerings sion, helps fight these deficits every day. That seeing cuts to social services across the board.” and raised tuition 42 per- is the work we do. Many of our elected offi- cent. It’s one of the worst cials in Washington, D.C., have supported us thanks to the impact of high unemployment. cases of higher ed’s contribution to the soci- in this work, but almost as many have not. The result is a society that is scarred. etal deficit, but it’s not the only one. This edition ofAFT On Campus contains the Poor children are more likely than their We know that a reduction in hours and AFT’s Congressional Voting Record; it is a peers to come to kindergarten unable to count wages doubles the chance of a worker devel- measure of what your elected officials have to 20 or recite the alphabet. The recession is oping a mental illness, and actually losing a done to help the economy and heal the hurts putting more children on the wrong side of job can have greater effects. And an AFT caused by the recession. The information this achievement gap at a time when we’ve cut analysis of data from the National Network to matters, and it underscores how much the 140,000 jobs in public education, limiting our End Domestic Violence indicates that calls to coming elections matter as well. schools’ ability to respond. The net result will women’s shelters are up 15 percent. In a time ______be a different kind of deficit, a societal one that when more families need help, we’re seeing Ed Muir is deputy director of AFT research and we will need to cope with in years to come. cuts to social services across the board. information services.

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22 AFT ON CAMPUS | NOVEMBER / DECEMBER 2010 Your student wants to serve his country.

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29689-08_JRP108-03002-139_A.v1.i1 1 11/20/08 4:51:10 PM

Job # JRP108-03002 139 REV 2009 Version # 1 Document Name JRP108-03002-139_A.v1.indd Date/Time 2/12/08 3:39 PM Fonts Location RELEASED TO Bleed 8.75 in x 11.25 in Art Director/Designer tonya Times Roman bclausen-OSX VENDOR Trim 7.875 in x 10.5 in Mac Artist bev Andale New Mono C Regular Atlantis Trade Gothic Condensed No. 18, Condensed Vendor: Unig Live 7 in x 9.75 in Copy Writer None No. 18 Oblique Colors In-Use Cyan Release Date: 2/12/08 Mechanical Scale 100 Production Manager sal-lee Magenta Yellow Print Scale 100% Account Service TENT Linked Graphics meghan Black ON Guidance_Counselor_JH__D8J9660.psd Gray 896 ppi C Colors Specʼd 4/c Art Buyer None hi_Militarycom_Ptch_NoBack_4C.psd CMYK 5709 ppi Shopping_JH__F9V9592.jpg RGB 868 ppi Traffi c Manager adam Copy Editor None Job Description Educator #1_MASTER A Publications None CUST: Mullen 29689-08 DATE: 11.20.08 DESC: JRP108-03002-139 A v1 LS:133 FP Cyan Magenta Yellow Black RGB

5 25 50 75 95100 5 25 50 75 95100 5 25 50 75 95100 5 25 50 75 95100 BLACK YELLOW MAGENTA CYAN 29689-08_JRP108-03002-139_A.v1.pgs 11.20.2008 16:54 TECH NOTES TECHNOLOGY

Theft, version 2.0 Digital media and intellectual property theft is a growing concern, and the International Alliance of Theatrical Stage Employees is working to educate the public through new online materials. Visit the IATSE’s home page, www.iatse-intl.org, to access lists of legal sites for downloading or streaming movies, television shows and music on the Internet. The lists are updated regularly, so the link is worth a bookmark on your Web browser. A NG

Lecture capture While some debate J A MES Y whether recording lectures and posting them online is a good idea, some Redesign for online collaboratively to explicate poems, I need a institutions are moving full-steam ahead technological solution that affords me the with the service. In fact, the commercial Don’t just give your ability to have small groups of students world is rushing to trump up and meet ‘write’ on the same poem together.” On- demand. It was a $50 million market last courses a makeover; campus students have the poems in print in year and is projected to triple by 2016. create something new front of them, and they’re all sitting in the The online publication Inside Higher Ed same room at the same time. In my online By Cynthia Eaton reports that this fall, an open-source (free) class, I can use the groups feature of the CMS version of lecture capture technology Speaking with faculty to establish small groups, post poems on the called Matterhorn was released and 12 across the nation about the whiteboard, and provide prompts for anno- institutions are piloting the software. training they received before tation in the content section. While the institutions still need to teaching their first distance Then students within each group can log purchase hardware to record the classes education course has con- into the whiteboard at their own conve- and need personnel to implement it, the firmed one thing: Too many nience, following the assignments schedule, open-source platform will save tens of institutions focus on the technology first—or and share their annotations. They can post thousands of dollars in licensing fees. The worse, solely on the technology. Faculty say individually as many times as they wish, re- IHE story notes that lecture capture has that they are taught how to use the various spond to others’ contributions, and work been around long enough to test whether features of their institution’s course manage- toward a collaborative comprehension of the it helps or hurts student learning. Thus far, ment system (CMS) and are sent off to de- poem, which will then be shared with the the research shows that students benefit velop their course. class. I could also have them collaborate in from reviewing the lectures, and class I believe it’s imperative for faculty to think the chat area or blog of our CMS, or via Voi- attendance is not unduly affected by about their pedagogical purposes first. One ceThread, Skype,T okBox or Second Life. having it as an option. of the great benefits of redesigning your on- There are often multiple technological so- campus course for the online modality is the lutions, but the affordances statement keeps Generation Plagiarism? That opportunity to reflect on what you do, and faculty focused on the pedagogical goal. I ad- was the headline on an Indiana University how and why you do it. vise faculty that selection of technological student newspaper editorial earlier this To facilitate faculty redesign, I borrow a tools and features should be based first and year. While the writer, senior Sarah concept from cognitive psychology called foremost upon their ability to support their Wilensky, mounted an able defense of “affordances.” The term refers to the “action teaching goals and course objectives. Avoid high ethical standards in paper writing, possibilities” latent within an object or inter- choosing the coolest and flashiest technolo- the battle is an uphill one. According to a face, i.e., the capability that it grants to the gies simply because they are cool and flashy. recent New York Times report, students user. I ask faculty to complete the following Faculty who put their pedagogical needs today have been cutting and pasting to statement as many times as needed based on first have shown me that innovative ideas such an extent their whole lives that the their discipline, course, objectives, teaching and techniques can come from first-time lines of propriety are blurred. Donald style and student population: “Because I developers just as readily as from more expe- McCabe, co-founder of the Center for want my students to ______, I need a tech- rienced DE practitioners. Academic Integrity at Rutgers University, nological solution that affords me the ability ______told the Times that surveys show the to ______.” Cynthia Eaton is an associate professor of English number of students who believe copying For example, I recently redesigned a at Suffolk County Community College, and a dis- from the Internet constitutes “serious tance education mentor for her union, the Faculty course titled the Art of Poetry for the online cheating” has declined from 34 percent 10 Association at Suffolk Community College. Send domain. One of my affordances statements years ago to 29 percent last year. your questions and comments to her at cynthia@ was: “Because I want my students to work fascc.org.

24 AFT ON CAMPUS | NOVEMBER / DECEMBER 2010

WHO’S A BETTER TEAMMATE, YOU OR ME? Did you know children with Down syndrome can excel in school and participate in team sports? Did you know they can live independent, rewarding lives as adults? What else don’t you know about Down syndrome? Contact your local Down syndrome organization or visit ndsccenter.org to learn more.

©2007 National Down Syndrome Congress STANDING HEAD

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