Limacodidae

Apoda biguttata Shagreened Slug

10 9 8 n=2 • • • 7 High Mt. • • • 6 • • • N 5 • •• • u 4 • • • • 3 • • • • m 2 • • • b 1 • • • e 0 • • • • • r 5 25 15 5 25 15 5 25 15 5 25 15 5 25 15 5 25 15 • 15 5 25 15 5 25 15 5 25 15 5 25 15 5 25 15 5 25 NC counties: 39 • • Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec • o 10 • f 9 n=25 • = Sighting or Collection 8 • 7 Low Mt. High counts of: • in NC since 2001 F 6 l 5 14 - Martin - 1996-05-21 = Not seen since 2001 4 • i 3 12 - Randolph - 2011-06-01 g 2 Status Rank h 1 6 - Dare - 1993-05-24 0 NC US NC Global t 5 25 15 5 25 15 5 25 15 5 25 15 5 25 15 5 25 15 15 5 25 15 5 25 15 5 25 15 5 25 15 5 25 15 5 25 D Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec a 10 10 9 9 t 8 n=30 8 n=31 e 7 Pd 7 CP s 6 6 5 5 4 4 3 3 2 2 1 1 0 0 5 25 15 5 25 15 5 25 15 5 25 15 5 25 15 5 25 15 5 25 15 5 25 15 5 25 15 5 25 15 5 25 15 5 25 15 15 5 25 15 5 25 15 5 25 15 5 25 15 5 25 15 5 25 15 5 25 15 5 25 15 5 25 15 5 25 15 5 25 15 5 25 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Three periods to each month: 1-10 / 11-20 / 21-31 FAMILY: SUBFAMILY: TRIBE: TAXONOMIC_COMMENTS: One of five members of the genus to occur in North America, three of which occur in North Carolina. Formerly placed in the genus Cochlidion.

FIELD GUIDE DESCRIPTIONS: Covell (1984); Beadle and Leckie (2012) ONLINE PHOTOS: MPG, BugGuide, BAMONA TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION, ADULTS: Forbes (1923) TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION, IMMATURE STAGES: Wagner (2005)

ID COMMENTS: The broad forewing is light brown at the base with a chestnut-colored, tear-dropped shaped mark at the apex and a similarly-colored spot at the anal angle. A straight, white line bisects the forewing, running from the inner margin to near the midpoint of the costa, with an oblique white line running from the mid-point of the outer margin to the subapical costa. These lines, together with the anal angle spot, form a stout "Y" shape that is filled with brownish gray. It is most similar in appearance to the "dark form" of A. y-inversum, but the "Y" on that species is dark brown and bordered by dark lines. The length from tip of head to apex of forewing at rest averages 12 mm (n = 7). It typically rests with the abdomen curled up above the wings.

DISTRIBUTION: Probably occurs statewide, from the Barrier Islands to High Mountains

FLIGHT COMMENT: Probably single-brooded, flying from April to August in the Piedmont and Coastal Plain, but with only records from mid-summer from the Mountains

HABITAT: Our records come primarily from stands of wet to mesic hardwoods, with almost none from Longleaf Pine habitats, peatlands, or dry maritime habitats.

FOOD: Beech and , primarily, but also reported to use and American (Wagner, 2005).

OBSERVATION_METHODS: Readily attracted to lights but not to bait or flowers.

NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM RANKS: G5 [S5]

STATE PROTECTION: Has no legal protection, although permits are required to collect it in state parks and on other public lands.

COMMENTS: Occurs commonly across the state, makes use of a wide range of habitats and presumably host plants; seems secure in North Carolina

March 2021 The of North Carolina - Early Draft 1