CPC code Approval date 2371 — Uncooked 10/03/2011 ,not stuffed or Valid 3 years otherwise prepared PCR 2010: 01 version 1.1 2010-06-18

Revision Registration number 2 S-P-00217

Environmental Product Declaration of durum wheat semolina dried Pasta in paperboard box (brand ) the brand barilla sic semolina formats); Specialità (barbine, 01. The Brand Barilla, born in the 1877 from a castellane, , etc.); Regionali (gnoc- small pasta shop in Parma, represents now chetti, , reginette, etc.). one of the most known pasta’s brand around Shape is the only feature differentiating the world. these products, since they are all produced Barilla is a leading company in the Italian using as only ingredients water and semo- and International pasta market, where it op- lina. erates with the Barilla brand, as a symbol of The following products are excluded from Italian cuisine, and three major local brands this declaration since, aside from the use of (Misko in Greece, Filiz in Turkey and Yemina in semolina and water, they are produced with Mexico). other ingredients: egg pasta in any shape; Barilla is also active in the segment of filled pasta (, etc.); special vari- Ready-made sauces, with over 40 differ- eties of pasta with ingredients different ent recipes to meet everyone’s taste world- from durum wheat products, e.g. Orizzonti; wide. whole meal semolina pasta. Furthermore durum wheat dry pasta not Plant and process packed in paperboard boxes or sold with Dry semolina pasta from durum wheat is other label is excluded. produced by wire drawing, lamination and drying of dough prepared with durum wheat product content and nutritional info semolina and water. The pasta production The durum wheat semolina pasta concerned process avoid using additives and preserva- by this declaration is made only by durum tives: it is drying process that guarantee the semolina and water, with an humidity con- conservation. tent of about 13%. From a nutritional point of Every year, the Barilla Group produces view, its main characteristics are: about 1.000.000 tons of pasta in 5 coun- tries (Italy, Greece, Turkey, United State and — Data per 100 g of Product Mexico) and 8 plants: environmental im- proteins 12 g pacts are presented for each country except carbohydrates 72,2 g for Mexico. fats 1,5 g Brand the product fiber 3,0 g Products included in the analysis are Classic sodium 0,002 g semolina formats (, , spa- and Product ghetti, etc.); Piccolini (miniatures of clas- energy 350 kcal

EPD durum wheat semolina Pasta, 10/03/2011 | 2 02.

The Group dates back to 1877, from the pasta The Group’s brands and bread boutique in the centre of Parma The Group’s brands fall into two principle (Italy), owned by Pietro Barilla. Since then, business areas: meal solution and bakery progress has always come under a guiding products. In the Meal Solution section, Ba- hand, with exception from the period be- rilla leads the pasta market both in Italy and tween 1971 and 1979, through a passing of worldwide, in which it sells under the Barilla generations from father to son. brand name, symbol of Italian gastronomy, Barilla today stands as one of the top and with lead brands at a local level (Misko in Italian food groups, leading company in Greece, Filiz in Turkey and Yemina in Mexico). the pasta market around the world, the pro- In addition, Barilla also claims leadership in cessed sauce market of continental Europe, the processed sauce segment, with over 40 and the flatbread market in Scandinavia. different recipes to guarantee the right so- The Group, that is now driven by the three lution tailored to the needs of a worldwide brothers Guido, Luca and Paolo, employs a market. The area of baked goods includes workforce of over 15.000 people and has an products that cover the different moments annual turnover of 4,1 billion euro in 47 pro- of consumption, from breakfast meals to duction plants (14 in Italy and 33 abroad), snacks such as: biscuits, toasted bread, cere- including 9 mills that provide the major- als, snacks, confectionery, soft breads, pas- ity of raw materials required for the Group’s tries and snacks, cakes and crispbread for bid production of pasta and oven-baked goods. which includes almost 180 products, fruit of Products are exported to over 150 coun- 35 different production technologies. tries: the plants provide an annual produc- The product brands are flanked by the tion of nearly 3 million tons of foodstuff brand Number 1, group company specialized that are consumed worldwide under the la- in logistic services, and First for retail sales Barilla Group bel of various brands. www.barillagroup.com services.

EPD durum wheat semolina Pasta, 10/03/2011 | 3 The Environmental performance of pasta — the delivery of products to distribution 03. was calculated using the LCA (life cycle platforms. analysis) methodology, including the en- tire production chain, starting from the du- Downstream processes that include, in- rum wheat cultivation until the delivery of formation for consumer on product use and the finished product to main distribution waste disposal processes of primary packag- platforms. ing. The study was conducted following the specific product rules published for the EPD system: “CPC code 2371 – Uncooked pasta, not stuffed or otherwise prepared”. raw materials cultivation u p str e am

The generic data contributes to the cal- e ss s p roc culation of environmental impacts is lower than the 10%. milling process declared unit Data are referred to 1 kg of product.

System boundaries pasta production The processes constituting the system ana-

lyzed were organized according to following cor e e ss s p roc three successive phases, in compliance with Packaging the requisites of the EPD system:

Upstream processes that include: — the cultivation of durum wheat with Distribution relevant agricultural phases; Environmental — the production of fertilizers and other substances used to sustain agricultural packaging production. end of life

Performance Core process that includes: e ss s p roc

— the production and packaging of the e am d ownstr cooking phase products; Calculation — the production of packaging materials;

EPD durum wheat semolina Pasta, 10/03/2011 | 4 General 1. durum wheat Cultivation 2. milling process 3. pasta production Durum wheat cultivation considers the specific durum Milling process environmental performances are Pasta production environmental performances are wheat origin; twelve different regions are analysed calculated considering energy and water consumptions calculated considering energy and water consumption. (North, Middle and South Italy; France, North and South for each Barilla property mill: 4 in Italy (Pedrignano, 7 plants are considered in the analysis: 3 in Italy, 2 in hypotheses - West U.S.A.; Canada; Mexico; Turkey; Spain; Greece; Altamura, Castelplanio, Ferrara); 1 in U.S.A. (Ames), 1 in U.S.A., 1 in Greece and 1 in Turkey. For Italy and U.S.A. Australia). Turkey (Bolu) and 1 in Greece (Volos). Barilla purchases performances are calculated weighing each plant on the Primary data (from durum wheat suppliers) are semolina from non property mill for Italian production basis of its pasta production. used for fertilizers amount, crop yields and water use; (20% of the whole semolina used), the environmental Primary data (2009 year) are used for energy and secondary data (mainly from ecoinvent database, www. impacts of them are considered equal to property water consumption and for waste production; secondary adopted ecoinvent.ch) are used for fertilizers production and diesel mill and for american production (39% of the whole data (ecoinvent database) are used for energy and water production and use. Yields are referred to 2009 year. semolina used). Semolina used in non property mill has production. a different provenience that is considered in the model. Indication about the production plant where pasta Primary data (2009 year) are used for water and energy is produced is given on product packaging near the Here the main relevant hypotheses are consumption and waste production, secondary data expiration date. presented. More details are available on (ecoinvent database) are used for water management the technical document mentioned in the and energy consumption. references.

7. cooking phase 6. packaging end of life 5. distribution 4. packaging The product need to be cooked before eat it. Environmental performances relative to waste disposal Distribution environmental performances are calculated Environmental performances are calculated taking into Environmental performances relative to cooking phase of packaging are out of the boundaries because they using specific hypotheses for each area. account the heaviest packaging used per kg of product, are out of the boundaries because they depend on the depend on the consumer habits and organization of Primary data are used for kilometers covered by truck, for all the other items of this product, the impacts consumer habits. Environmental impacts estimation waste collection services. train and ship; secondary data (ecoinvent database) for related to this phase are lower. is given considering twice the environmental aspects In order to help the consumer in the disposal phase, transport means. For Italy, Greece and Turkey the packaging considered related to the cooking 0f 500 grams of pasta. The main every Barilla primary packaging contains an icon that is those of (500 g format) and for U.S.A. Penne hypothesis used for the calculation are the following: states the packaging material and suggestions for proper Rigate (16 oz format). – installed power for gas and electric cooker: 3 kW; disposal. Primary data are used for packaging amount and – transmission efficiency: 40%; secondary data for packaging materials production. – cooking time: 35 minutes for cooking 500 grams of pasta (25 minutes to bring water to the boil and 10 minutes for pasta); – necessary water: 1 litre of water each 100 grams of pasta. For each country an estimation is given using both 100% gas cooker (lower bound in figure with ecological, carbon and water footprint) and 100% electric cooker (upper bound in the same figure).

EPD durum wheat semolina Pasta, 10/03/2011 | 5 Plants Transports

04. road ≈ 1.500 km

55% Pedrignano durum wheat provenience

4% canada 34% Foggia 7% france 6% mexico 11% Marcianise 60% italy 2% greece 12% U.S.A. 8% australia 1% turkey

upstream processes core processes

non renewable resources Total Raw materials Milling Packaging Pasta Distribution cultivation production

Gravel 0,6 0,0 11,1 2,7 0,0 14,4 Phoshorous 6,6 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 6,6 Material Environmental Potassium chloride 5,8 0,0 0,1 0,0 0,0 5,9 resources — data in grams Limestone (CaCO₃) 2,4 0,1 0,8 1,8 0,0 5,1 Results Aluminium slicates 0,0 0,0 0,2 1,6 0,0 1,8 Others 1,8 0,0 1,1 0,3 0,0 3,2 Coal 14,6 4,3 12,5 16,1 0,6 48,1 energy Oil 74,5 5,8 5,8 4,6 24,0 114,7 Italy (for local resources — data in grams Natural gas 32,7 8,5 26,5 71,1 1,2 140,0 Uranium <0,1 <0,1 <0,1 <0,1 <0,1 <0,1 consumption) Others 0,0 0,0 0,2 0,0 0,0 0,2 The difference from these results and those of Italy (for exportation) is due only to the distribution phase

EPD durum wheat semolina Pasta, 10/03/2011 | 6 upstream processes core processes renewable resources — data per 1 kg of product Total Raw materials Milling Packaging Pasta Distribution cultivation production

Hydroelectric 0,03 0,03 0,03 0,09 0,00 0,18 energy resources Wind 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,01 0,00 0,01 — data per in MJ Solar 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,01 0,00 0,01

upstream processes core processes

fresh water consumption Total — data in litres Raw materials Milling Packaging Pasta Distribution cultivation production

63,7 0,2 1,9 3,6 0,1 69,5

upstream processes core processes impact indicators — for GWP values see Carbon Footprint Total per 1 kg of product Raw materials Milling Packaging Pasta Distribution cultivation production

Ozone-depleting potential mg CFC11 equivalent 0,048 0,008 0,020 0,049 0,011 0,136

Ozone-creating potential g C₂H₄ equivalent 0,42 0,03 0,06 0,10 0,06 0,67

Acidification potential g SO₄ equivalent 9,4 0,2 0,3 0,5 0,5 10,9

Eutrophication potential g PO₄ equivalent 7,7 0,0 0,1 0,1 0,1 8,0

upstream processes core processes

Waste per 1 kg of product* Total Raw materials Milling Packaging Pasta Distribution cultivation production

Hazardous <0,01 <0,01 <0,01 <0,01 <0,01 <0,01

Not hazardous 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,03 0,00 0,03

Waste products to animal feed industry 1,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 1,0

* Only the primary data on wastes are reported as mass, the secondary data are already calculated as a contribution on environmental burdens.

EPD durum wheat semolina Pasta, 10/03/2011 | 7 From field Italy Raw materials Milling Packaging Pasta Distribution to Distribution Cooking phase cultivation production (for local consumption)

Ecological 9,2 10,9 6 Footprint global m²/kg 2 0,1 0,6 0,8 0,2

800 2.200 Carbon 795 Footprint 1.332 273 g CO₂/kg GWP 54 128 82

1.586 Water 1.592 Footprint liters/kg 10 0 2 4 0

EPD durum wheat semolina Pasta, 10/03/2011 | 8 Plants Transports

05. road ≈ 2.000 km train ≈ 100 km ship ≈ 8.000 km

55% Pedrignano durum wheat provenience

4% canada 34% Foggia 7% france 6% mexico 11% Marcianise 60% italy 2% greece 12% U.S.A. 8% australia 1% turkey

upstream processes core processes

non renewable resources Total Raw materials Milling Packaging Pasta Distribution cultivation production

Gravel 0,6 0,0 11,1 2,7 0,0 14,4 Phoshorous 6,6 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 6,6 Material Environmental Potassium chloride 5,8 0,0 0,1 0,0 0,0 5,9 resources — data in grams Limestone (CaCO₃) 2,4 0,1 0,8 1,8 0,0 5,1 Results Aluminium slicates 0,0 0,0 0,2 1,6 0,0 1,8 Others 1,8 0,0 1,1 0,3 0,0 3,2 Coal 14,6 4,3 12,5 16,1 1,4 48,9 energy Oil 74,5 5,8 5,8 4,6 33,0 123,7 Italy resources — data in grams Natural gas 32,7 8,5 26,5 71,1 1,7 140,5 Uranium <0,1 <0,1 <0,1 <0,1 <0,1 <0,1 (for export) Others 0,0 0,0 0,2 0,0 0,0 0,2 The difference from these results and those of Italy (for exportation) is due only to the distribution phase

EPD durum wheat semolina Pasta, 10/03/2011 | 9 upstream processes core processes renewable resources — data per 1 kg of product Total Raw materials Milling Packaging Pasta Distribution cultivation production

Hydroelectric 0,03 0,03 0,03 0,09 0,00 0,18 energy resources Wind 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,01 0,00 0,01 — data per in MJ Solar 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,01 0,00 0,01

upstream processes core processes

fresh water consumption Total — data in litres Raw materials Milling Packaging Pasta Distribution cultivation production

63,7 0,2 1,9 3,6 0,1 69,5

upstream processes core processes impact indicators — for GWP values see Carbon Footprint Total per 1 kg of product Raw materials Milling Packaging Pasta Distribution cultivation production

Ozone-depleting potential mg CFC11 equivalent 0,048 0,008 0,020 0,049 0,015 0,140

Ozone-creating potential g C₂H₄ equivalent 0,42 0,03 0,06 0,10 0,09 0,70

Acidification potential g SO₄ equivalent 9,4 0,2 0,3 0,5 0,7 11,1

Eutrophication potential g PO₄ equivalent 7,7 0,0 0,1 0,1 0,2 8,1

upstream processes core processes

Waste per 1 kg of product* Total Raw materials Milling Packaging Pasta Distribution cultivation production

Hazardous <0,01 <0,01 <0,01 <0,01 <0,01 <0,01

Not hazardous 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,03 0,00 0,03

Waste products to animal feed industry 1,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 1,0

* Only the primary data on wastes are reported as mass, the secondary data are already calculated as a contribution on environmental burdens.

EPD durum wheat semolina Pasta, 10/03/2011 | 10 From field Italy Raw materials Milling Packaging Pasta Distribution to Distribution Cooking phase cultivation production (for exportation)

Ecological 9,2 10,9 6 Footprint global m²/kg 2 0,1 0,6 0,8 0,2

800 2.200 Carbon 795 Footprint 1.332 273 g CO₂/kg GWP 54 128 82

1.586 Water 1.592 Footprint liters/kg 10 0 2 4 0

EPD durum wheat semolina Pasta, 10/03/2011 | 11 Plants Transports

06. road ≈ 8.000 km 51% Avon train ≈ 5.300 km 49% Ames durum wheat provenience 32% south u.s.a.

47% canada

21% north u.s.a.

upstream processes core processes

non renewable resources Total Raw materials Milling Packaging Pasta Distribution cultivation production

Potassium chloride 19,3 0,0 0,1 0,0 0,0 19,4 Gravel 0,7 0,0 8,8 0,1 0,0 9,6 Material Phoshorous 6,5 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 6,5 resources — data in grams Limestone (CaCO₃) 2,8 0,3 0,6 1,1 0,2 5,0 Environmental Alogenate 1,6 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 1,6 Others 0,2 0,0 1,0 0,1 0,0 1,3 Coal 39,5 25,1 10,2 96,3 13,3 184,4 energy Oil 70,3 40,4 4,8 2,8 45,1 163,4 Results resources — data in grams Natural gas 38,1 11,3 22,7 53,8 3,6 129,5 Uranium <0,1 <0,1 <0,1 <0,1 <0,1 <0,1 U.S.A. Others 0,0 0,0 0,1 0,0 0,0 0,1

EPD durum wheat semolina Pasta, 10/03/2011 | 12 upstream processes core processes renewable resources — data per 1 kg of product Total Raw materials Milling Packaging Pasta Distribution cultivation production

Hydroelectric 0,07 0,02 0,03 0,08 0,02 0,22 energy resources Wind 0,01 0,00 0,00 0,01 0,00 0,02 — data per in MJ Solar 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00

upstream processes core processes

fresh water consumption Total — data in litres Raw materials Milling Packaging Pasta Distribution cultivation production

378,1 0,4 1,6 1,1 0,4 381,6

upstream processes core processes impact indicators — for GWP values see Carbon Footprint Total per 1 kg of product Raw materials Milling Packaging Pasta Distribution cultivation production

Ozone-depleting potential mg CFC11 equivalent 0,050 0,022 0,017 0,028 0,021 0,138

Ozone-creating potential g C₂H₄ equivalent 0,41 0,13 0,05 0,13 0,13 0,85

Acidification potential g SO₄ equivalent 9,4 1,1 0,2 1,5 1,0 13,2

Eutrophication potential g PO₄ equivalent 7,9 0,2 0,1 0,1 0,2 8,5

upstream processes core processes

Waste per 1 kg of product* Total Raw materials Milling Packaging Pasta Distribution cultivation production

Hazardous <0,01 <0,01 <0,01 <0,01 <0,01 <0,01

Not hazardous 0,000 0,001 0,000 0,011 0,000 0,012

Waste products to animal feed industry 1,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 1,0

* Only the primary data on wastes are reported as mass, the secondary data are already calculated as a contribution on environmental burdens.

EPD durum wheat semolina Pasta, 10/03/2011 | 13 data per kg of product

From field U.S.A. Raw materials Milling Packaging Pasta Distribution to Distribution Cooking phase cultivation production

10 Ecological 12,5 8 Footprint global m²/kg 2 0,6 0,5 0,9 0,5

864 2.900 Carbon 1.708 800 Footprint 350 g CO₂/kg 211 GWP 109 174

2.199 Water 2.202 Footprint liters/kg 10 0 2 1 0

EPD durum wheat semolina Pasta, 10/03/2011 | 14 data per pound of product

From field U.S.A. Raw materials Milling Packaging Pasta Distribution to Distribution Cooking phase cultivation production

Ecological 4,5 5,6 Footprint global m²/lb 3,6 0,3 0,2 0,4 0,2 0,9 1.350 392 360 Carbon 775 Footprint 159 g CO₂/lb 96 GWP 49 79

997 Water 998 Footprint liters/lb 10 <1 1 <1 <1

EPD durum wheat semolina Pasta, 10/03/2011 | 15 Plants Transports

07. road ≈ 2.700 km sea ≈ 300 km

durum wheat provenience

Thiva

100% greece

upstream processes core processes

non renewable resources Total Raw materials Milling Packaging Pasta Distribution cultivation production

Phoshorous 14,1 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 14,1 Gravel 0,6 0,0 11,1 0,0 0,0 11,7 Material Limestone (CaCO₃) 4,6 0,5 0,8 1,8 0,0 7,7 resources — data in grams Alogenate 3,6 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 3,6 Environmental Sodium Chloride 0,1 0,0 0,6 0,0 0,0 0,7 Others 0,7 0,0 0,7 0,0 0,0 1,4 Coal 16,7 28,7 12,5 106,6 0,1 164,6 energy Oil 82,1 10,3 5,8 12,5 6,0 116,7 Results resources — data in grams Natural gas 32,5 3,6 26,5 45,5 0,3 108,4 Uranium <0,1 <0,1 <0,1 <0,1 <0,1 <0,1 Greece Others 0,0 0,0 0,2 0,0 0,0 0,2

EPD durum wheat semolina Pasta, 10/03/2011 | 16 upstream processes core processes renewable resources — data per 1 kg of product Total Raw materials Milling Packaging Pasta Distribution cultivation production

Hydroelectric 0,03 0,02 0,03 0,06 0,00 0,14 energy resources Wind 0,00 0,01 0,00 0,03 0,00 0,04 — data per in MJ Solar 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00

upstream processes core processes

fresh water consumption Total — data in litres Raw materials Milling Packaging Pasta Distribution cultivation production

3,5 0,3 1,9 0,8 0,0 6,5

upstream processes core processes impact indicators — for GWP values see Carbon Footprint Total per 1 kg of product Raw materials Milling Packaging Pasta Distribution cultivation production

Ozone-depleting potential mg CFC11 equivalent 0,051 0,006 0,020 0,035 0,003 0,115

Ozone-creating potential g C₂H₄ equivalent 0,47 0,04 0,06 0,10 0,02 0,69

Acidification potential g SO₄ equivalent 8,7 0,4 0,3 1,2 0,1 10,7

Eutrophication potential g PO₄ equivalent 10,9 0,0 0,1 0,1 0,0 11,1

upstream processes core processes

Waste per 1 kg of product* Total Raw materials Milling Packaging Pasta Distribution cultivation production

Hazardous <0,01 <0,01 <0,01 <0,01 <0,01 <0,01

Not hazardous 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,01 0,00 0,01

Waste products to animal feed industry 1,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 1,0

* Only the primary data on wastes are reported as mass, the secondary data are already calculated as a contribution on environmental burdens.

EPD durum wheat semolina Pasta, 10/03/2011 | 17 From field Greece Raw materials Milling Packaging Pasta Distribution to Distribution Cooking phase cultivation production

12 Ecological 13,8 10 Footprint global m²/kg 2 0,2 0,6 0,9 0,1

800 3.500 Carbon 784 Footprint 1.377 354 g CO₂/kg GWP 91 128 20

2.229 Water 2.232 Footprint liters/kg 10 0 2 1 0

EPD durum wheat semolina Pasta, 10/03/2011 | 18 Plants Transports

08. road ≈ 2.300 km Bolu sea ≈ 1.200 km

durum wheat provenience

10% greece

88% turkey

2% spain

upstream processes core processes

non renewable resources Total Raw materials Milling Packaging Pasta Distribution cultivation production

Phoshorous 11,6 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 11,6 Gravel 0,5 0,0 11,1 0,0 0,0 11,6 Material Limestone (CaCO₃) 3,8 0,2 0,8 0,5 0,0 5,3 resources — data in grams Alogenate 2,9 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 2,9 Environmental Potassium chloride 0,7 0,0 0,1 0,0 0,0 0,8 Others 0,2 0,0 1,2 0,0 0,0 1,4 Coal 13,9 11,9 12,5 32,5 0,5 71,3 energy Oil 70,2 1,1 5,8 3,0 19,0 99,1 Results resources — data in grams Natural gas 27,0 7,0 26,5 51,7 0,9 113,1 Uranium <0,1 <0,1 <0,1 <0,1 <0,1 <0,1 Turkey Others 0,0 0,0 0,2 0,0 0,0 0,2

EPD durum wheat semolina Pasta, 10/03/2011 | 19 upstream processes core processes renewable resources — data per 1 kg of product Total Raw materials Milling Packaging Pasta Distribution cultivation production

Hydroelectric 0,03 0,04 0,03 0,12 0,00 0,22 energy resources Wind 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 — data per in MJ Solar 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00

upstream processes core processes

fresh water consumption Total — data in litres Raw materials Milling Packaging Pasta Distribution cultivation production

2,9 0,2 1,9 0,4 0,1 5,5

upstream processes core processes impact indicators — for GWP values see Carbon Footprint Total per 1 kg of product Raw materials Milling Packaging Pasta Distribution cultivation production

Ozone-depleting potential mg CFC11 equivalent 0,043 0,005 0,020 0,036 0,009 0,113

Ozone-creating potential g C₂H₄ equivalent 0,39 0,01 0,06 0,06 0,05 0,57

Acidification potential g SO₄ equivalent 7,3 0,1 0,3 0,4 0,4 8,5

Eutrophication potential g PO₄ equivalent 9,0 0,0 0,1 0,0 0,1 9,2

upstream processes core processes

Waste per 1 kg of product* Total Raw materials Milling Packaging Pasta Distribution cultivation production

Hazardous <0,01 <0,01 <0,01 <0,01 <0,01 <0,01

Not hazardous 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,002 0,000 0,002

Waste products to animal feed industry 1,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 1,0

* Only the primary data on wastes are reported as mass, the secondary data are already calculated as a contribution on environmental burdens.

EPD durum wheat semolina Pasta, 10/03/2011 | 20 From field Turkey Raw materials Milling Packaging Pasta Distribution to Distribution Cooking phase cultivation production

9,9 Ecological 11,4 7 Footprint global m²/kg 2 0,1 0,6 0,6 0,2

800 2.800 Carbon 658 Footprint 1.121 224 g CO₂/kg GWP 46 128 65

1.530 Water 1.532 Footprint liters/kg 10 0 2 0 0

EPD durum wheat semolina Pasta, 10/03/2011 | 21 09. cardboard box pasta production 25% u.s.a.

72% italy 2% greece

1% turkey

upstream processes core processes

non renewable resources Total Raw materials Milling Packaging Pasta Distribution cultivation production

Gravel 0,6 0,0 10,5 2,0 0,0 13,1 Potassium chloride 8,5 0,0 0,1 0,0 0,0 8,6 Material Phoshorous 6,6 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 6,6 resources — data in grams Limestone (CaCO₃) 2,5 0,2 0,7 1,6 0,1 5,1 Environmental Alogenate 1,7 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 1,7 Others 0,2 0,0 1,2 1,4 0,0 2,8 Coal 20,0 10,7 11,9 39,0 4,8 86,4 energy Oil 70,8 15,2 5,6 4,4 52,2 148,2 Results resources — data in grams Natural gas 32,7 9,4 25,5 65,8 3,0 136,4 Uranium <0,1 <0,1 <0,1 <0,1 <0,1 <0,1 World Others 0,0 0,0 0,1 0,0 0,0 0,1

EPD durum wheat semolina Pasta, 10/03/2011 | 22 upstream processes core processes renewable resources — data per 1 kg of product Total Raw materials Milling Packaging Pasta Distribution cultivation production

Hydroelectric 0,04 0,03 0,03 0,09 0,01 0,20 energy resources Wind 0,01 0,00 0,00 0,01 0,00 0,02 — data per in MJ Solar 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,01 0,00 0,01

upstream processes core processes

fresh water consumption Total — data in litres Raw materials Milling Packaging Pasta Distribution cultivation production

133,4 0,3 1,8 2,9 0,3 138,7

upstream processes core processes impact indicators — for GWP values see Carbon Footprint Total per 1 kg of product Raw materials Milling Packaging Pasta Distribution cultivation production

Ozone-depleting potential mg CFC11 equivalent 0,047 0,012 0,020 0,043 0,024 0,146

Ozone-creating potential g C₂H₄ equivalent 0,40 0,06 0,06 0,11 0,14 0,77

Acidification potential g SO₄ equivalent 9,0 0,5 0,3 0,8 1,1 11,7

Eutrophication potential g PO₄ equivalent 7,6 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,2 8,1

upstream processes core processes

Waste per 1 kg of product* Total Raw materials Milling Packaging Pasta Distribution cultivation production

Hazardous <0,01 <0,01 <0,01 <0,01 <0,01 <0,01

Not hazardous 0,000 0,001 0,000 0,022 0,000 0,023

Waste products to animal feed industry 1,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 1,0

* Only the primary data on wastes are reported as mass, the secondary data are already calculated as a contribution on environmental burdens.

EPD durum wheat semolina Pasta, 10/03/2011 | 23 From field World Raw materials Milling Packaging Pasta Distribution to Distribution cultivation production

Ecological 9,1 Footprint 11,3 global m²/kg 0,3 0,6 0,8 0,5

Carbon 779 Footprint g CO₂/kg 294 1.478 GWP 184 98 123

1.688 Water Footprint 1.693 liters/kg

0 2 3 0

EPD durum wheat semolina Pasta, 10/03/2011 | 24 10.

Environmental declarations published with- indipendent verification in the same product category, though origi- nating from different programs, may not be PCR review conducted by: comparable. This declaration and further information in Technical Committee regards are available at www.environdec.com of the International EPD® system

References External verifier:

— International EPD Consortium; General Maurizio Fieschi, Independent Verifier Accredited Programme Instructions (EPD); ver.1 of by the international EPD consortium 29/02/2008

— WWF, Global Footprint Network, Contacts Zoological Society of London; Living Planet Report 2008, WWF (2008) For additional information relative to the activities of the Barilla Group or in regards to this environmental — ArjenY.Hoekstra, Ashok K. Chapagain, declaration, please contact: Maite M. Aldaya, Mesfin M. Mekonnen; Water Footprint Manual State of the Art 2009, Luca Ruini — ✉ [email protected] Water Footprint Network Technical support — PCR 2010:01; CPC 2371 –PCR for uncooked Life Cycle Engineering (Italy) pasta, not stuffed or otherwise prepared; version 1.0 of 18/01/2010 — www.studiolce.it

TECHNICAL REPORT Additional Graphic Design — Barilla, Life Cycle Assessment of durum wheat semolina pasta, detailed hypotheses; Fabio Gioia — www.fabiogioia.com Information Rev.2.0 of 10/12/2010

EPD durum wheat semolina Pasta, 10/03/2011 | 25 The Ecological Footprint measures the area of biologically produc- 11. tive land and water required to provide the resources used and ab- sorb the carbon dioxide waste generated by human activity, under current technology. It is measured in standard units called global hectares (GHA). One gha represents a hectare of forest, cropland, grazing land or Ecological Footprint fishing grounds with world average productivity. The calculation www.globalfootprint.org methodology was developed by the Global Footprint Network.

The product carbon footprint is a measure of potential contribution to climate change due to the amount of greenhouse gases (GHG) released by production chain processes. This contribution, global warming potential (GWP), is measured in terms of mass of CO₂ equivalent and is calculated by multiplying the specific GHG emissions (mainly CO₂, N₂O, CH₄) by the specific con- version factors defined by the IPCC (www.ipcc.ch). Many protocols Carbon Footprint are available for its calculation.

The water footprint of a product is the volume of freshwater used to produce the product, measured over the full supply chain. It is a multi-dimensional indicator, showing water consumption volumes by source and polluted volumes by type of pollution; all components of a total water footprint are specified geographically Water Footprint and temporally. The calculation methodology was developed by the Glossary www.waterfootprint.org Water Footprint Network.

EPD durum wheat semolina Pasta, 10/03/2011 | 26 Phenomenon by which atmospheric rainfall has a pH value below Acidification Potential the normal average. It can provoke damage to forests and agricul- ture, as well as to aquatic ecosystems and manmade structures. It is (AP) the result of SO₂, of NOx, and NH₃, that are included in the Acidifica- tion Potential indicator (AP) expressed in moles of H⁺ produced.

Nutrient enrichment of flowing water bodies, which determines un- Eutrophication Potential balance in aquatic ecosystems due to excessive flourishing caused by lack of nutrient limitation. The Eutrophication potential (EP) es- (EP) pecially includes phosphate and nitrogen salts, and is expressed as grams of oxygen equivalent (g O₂).

Degradation of the stratospheric layer of the ozone involved in Ozone Depletion Potential blocking the UV component of sunrays. Depletion is due to particu- larly reactive components that originate from chlorofluorocarbon (ODP) (CFC) or chlorofluoromethanes (CFM). The substance employed as benchmark measure for OPD is trichlorofluoromethane, or CFC-11.

Production of compounds that foster oxidation due to interaction Photochemical Ozone Creation Potential with light, resulting in ozone formation in the troposphere. The (POCP) POCP indicator mostly encompasses VOC (volatile organic com- pounds) and is expressed as grams of ethylene equivalent (g C₂H₄).

EPD durum wheat semolina Pasta, 10/03/2011 | 27