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Rìvista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia volume 108 numero 3 tavole'1

LATE (LATE -) RADIOLARIANS FROM THE ANTALYA NAPPES, CENTRAL TAURIDES, SOUTHERN

UGUR KAGAN TEKIN

Receit,ed Februaty 18, 20a2; accepted August 9, 2002

Key -tr or d s ; Radiolarians, Bios trati graph,v, Taxono my, Lat e Tri- obtained from Gòkdere Formation such as "Praemesosaturndlis multi- assic, Antall'a Nappes, Turkey. dentatus Lowest Occurrence Zone (TR8A)" (late Norian), "Praeme- sosaturnalis pseudokableri Lowest Occurrence Zone (TR8B)" (late Riassunto. La sezione di Hocakòy, misurara nella Falda di Norian), ? "Skirt F lowest Occurrence Zone (TR8C)' (late Norian- Alakirgay (falda mediana delle falde di Antalya) contiene una r.icca Rhaetian) and partly "Haecleelicyrtium breoiora Taxon Range Zone fauna a radiolari, che si estende dal Norico superiore (Triassico supe- (TRSD) ' (Rhaerian). In comparison with the Queen Charlotte fauna, rìore) al Cenomaniano medio-superiore (Cretaceo). Nella parte infe- the two zones"Betraccium de"oeteri Zone" (late Norian) and"Propar riore della sezione, la Formazione Gòkdere (Norico superiore-Retico) cicingula monilformís Zone" (early Rhaetian) are also encountered in è caratterizzata da caLcari grigi con selce alla base e da alternanze di the Gókdere Formation. Radiolarians of the uppermosr part of rhe selci rosse e di calcari grigi nella parte superiore. Nelle selci rosse sono GÒkdere Formation indicate that"GloboLaxtorum tozeri Zone" defined presenti Radiolari con uno stato di conservazione da buono a modera- in Queen Charlotte Islands corresponding to the late Rhaetian, is not to. La soprastante Hocakòy Radìolarite è rappresentata in prevalenza present in the section. da alternanze di selci e argilliti, con alcuni interstrati calcarei. Five new trxa, Capnuchosphaera okayi, Bistarhum rhaeticum, I Radiolari della Formazione Gókdere possono venir correlati Praemesosaturnalis heilongjiangensis aksekiensis, P nobleae, Wgbtcyclia con il Mino Terrane del Giappone e la fauna della Queen Charlotte sanfilippoae were determined within the late Norian-Rhaetian radiolar- Islands, British Columbia, Canada. Nella Formazione Gòkdere pos- ìan fauna of the Gókdere Formation in Hocakòy section. sono venìr riconosciute quattro suddivisioni zonali del Giappone cen- trale e precisamente la "Praemesosaturnalis multídentatzs Los.est Occurrence Zone (TR8A)" (Norico superiore), "Praemesosaturnalis Introduction pseud.ohahleri Lowest Occurrence Zone (TR8B)' (Norico superiore), ? "Skirt F lowest Occurrence Zone (TRSC)' (Norico superiore-Retico) e in parte \a "Haeckelicyrtiwrn bretiora Taxon Range Zone (TR8D)" Over the pasr 30 years, radiolarian biostratigraphy (Retico). Possono anche venire riconosciute due zone della fauna delle of the Late Triassic has been clarified by many investiga- Queen Charlotte Islands, e precisamente la "Zona a Betraccium delo- tions. In particular, Norian-Rhaetian radiolarians have ezeri" (Norico superiore) e la "Zona a Propanticingula moniliformis" been investigared by Kozur & Mostler (1,972, 198I, (Retico inferiore). I Radiolari deila parte sommitale della Formazione 1990), De Wever et al. (1979), De Gókdere indicano che la " Zona a Globolaxtorum tozeri" deÍrnita nelle Wever (1982), Pessag- Queen Charlotte Islands e corrispondente al Retico superiore, non è no et al. (1979), Pessagno 8c Blome (1980), Blome presente nella sezione studiata. (1983, 1984), Carrer (1990, 1991, 1993), Nakaseko & Nishimura (1979), Yao (1982), Yoshida (1986), Yeh Abstract. The Hocakòy section measured from the AlakirEay (1989, 1990, 1992), Sugiyama (1997), Yeh Cheng Nappe (middle nappe) of the Antalya Nappes contain rich radiolarian & fauna ranging from late Norian (Late Triassic) to middle-late Ceno- (1996), Bragin (1.991), Bragin 8r Krylov (1996, 1999), manian (mid ). Bragin & Tekin (1996) and Tekin (1999). -A.t the basal part of the section, the Late Triassic (iate Norian- Previously, very few researches focused on the Rhaetian) Gòkdere Formation is characterized by gray to beige cherty Late Triassic radiolarian fauna of the Taurus Mountains. at the base and pinkish red - gray to beige limestone alternation at the top, with moderately to well-preserued radiolarians Early Norian radiolarians of the Antalya Nappes from in the red chert beds. The overlying - Middle Creraceous the Isparta cay àrea, (western Taurides) has been reporr- Hocakóy Radiolarite is mainly represented by chert-mudstone alter- ed by De Vever et al. (1979) and De Vever (1982). Sub- nations s.ìth some limestone interlayers. sequently, late Middle ro Lare Triassic radiolarian sys- Radiolarians of the Gókdere Formation can be well correlated tematics and biostratigraphy of the Taurus Mountains with that of the fauna from the Mino Terrane, central and the fauna from the Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia, Canada. and Ankara region was documented by Tekin (1999). Four radiolarian zones from central Japan are recognized in the fauna The aim of the present studv is ro evaluate the

Jeoloji Etùdleri Dairesi, Maden Tetkik ve Arama Genei Mùdiirli;gu, Eskisehir Yolu 06520 Balgat-Ankara-Turke_v E-mail: uktekìn@yahoo. com U. K. Tekin

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Simplilied geological map showing the distribution of autochthonous and aÌlochthonous unjts in the area betrveen s-estern and cen- tr:l Truride'. r. L1-cien N.rppes, b. Bevsehir-Hovran-Hadim Nappes, c. Be1'daglari and Anamas-Akseki Autochthonous sequences, d. Alanva Nappe, e. Antalya Nappes, f. Post- cover rocks, g. Str.rtigr.rphic conr:rct, h. Thrust fault , i. Overthrust fau1t, j. Strike- slip fault. radiolarian assemblage of the late Norian-Rhaetlan part Cretaceous pelagic with basic volcanic rocks of the Hocakòy section and correlate this fauna with the as a distinctive feature (Senel et al. 1992,1996). This previously studied material from Turkey, as well as the nappe is widely exposed in the "Flysch Corridor" of other Tethys and circum-Pacific faunas. Radiolarian Blumenthal (1951) as rhe "middle tectonic unit" of biostratigraphy of middle Hettangian- early late Sine- Antalya Nappes. Hocakóy section is one of the best and murian interval from the same section will be the subject continuous section from rhis nappe (Figs. I 81 2). Many of another publication (Tekin, 2002). scientists from Blumenthal (1951) to Senel et al. (1992) mainl1' concentr.rted on the stratigraphy and tectonic style of this part of the Antalya Nappes. Geology

The Taurides, as one of the major tectonic units of Lithostratigraphy and general characteristics of the Tr,rrkey, are situated along the southern part of Turkey. It Hocakóy section. includes allochthonous and autochthonous units. The allochthonous units were considered as "nappes" by The Hocakòy section was measured at the west- Brunn et aI. (1971), whereas Ózgùl (1976, 1984) adopt- ernmost part of the "Flysch Corridor" (Fig. t). It is sit- ed the term "rectono)tr.rtigraphic units". uated in the Alanya O27a2 quadrangle (Start Point: The Antalya Nappes xs a part of the Taurides 3.28.625N, 40.86.825E; End Point: 3.78.875N, include many -bearing pelagic Mesozoic suc- 40.87.25A8), approximately 2 km northwest of the cessions (Fig. t). Lefevre (1967) first described and Hocakóy village (Figs. 1 and 2). Although, the Antalya named it as single nappe (Antalya Nappe) in the Antalya Nappes are exposed in highly tectonized slices in the 'o-,^. R'',.. et t1 t 197 l ì firrt )îîernnted ro subdiride "Flysch Corridor", Hocakòy section represents a contin- it into three slices such as the "Qataltepe Unit " (lower uous sequence from Late Triassic to Middle Cretaceous nappe), the "AlakirEay lJnit" (middle nappe), and the with a 2A4 m of total thickness. "Tahtalidag Unit" (upper nappe). At the final step, Two main units, the Gókdere Formation and the Antalya Nappes were subdivided into four different Hocakóy Radiolarite, could be recognized at the units: the "Qataltepe Nappe", the "AlakirEay Nappe", the Hocakóy section (Fig. 3A). The basal part of the section "Tahtalidag Nappe" and the "Tekirova Ophiolitic Nappe" is represented by the Gókdere Formation. Although this by Senel et a\. QeOl. Vithin these units, the Alakirqay unit was named by Senel et a\. (1992) as "Halobia bear- Nappe (middle nappe) includes Middle Triassic to Late ing limestone Member of the Qandir Formation" in the Late Triassic radiolarians from Turleey

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Geological map of the study area. a-c: Antalya Nappes; a. Undifferentiated Cataltepe Nappe, b. Alakircay Nappe: 1. Qandir Fm. (Tri- assic clastics), 2.Gòkdere Formation (Late Triassic cherty limestone). 3. Hocakòy Radiolarite (Jurassic-Cretaceous mainly alternation of chert and mudstone with early Liassic Radìolarìa bearing cherty limestor-re shale alternations at the base), c. Undifferentiated Tah- talidag Nappe, d. cor-er rocks, e. Quaternary deposits, f. Stratigraphic contacr, g. Fault, h. Thrust f:ulr, i. Maìn roads, j. Vil- lage, k. Main peaks, 1. Location of the Hocakov section (simplified after Esentúrk 1991 and Senel 1991). study area, its equivalent was defined as Gókdere For- overiying the Gòkdere Formation was first described by mation by Kalafatcroglu (1971) at the s/esr of the Monod (1977). Although, Monod (1977) defined this Antalya Gulf. In this study, the term "Gòkdere Forma- unit as the possible cover of the Gùzelsu unit (Qatalte- tion" is adopted for the general correlation within this pe Nappe), according to Senel et al. (1992), it belongs to nappe system. The total thickness of the Gokdere For- tectonically overlying AlakirEay Nappe and should be mation in the study area is 41 m (Fig. 38) . Gókdere For- defined as a separate unit. To the west of the Antalya mation is emplaced tectonically over the Qataltepe Gulf, Ballik Formation of Robertson & Woodcock Nappe (lower nappe). This formation is characterized (1981) could be considered as a equivalent of this unit by thin to medium bedded greenish gray to beige lime- [ekin 1999). stones rvith black to gray chert nodules at the base. No The Hocakóy Radiolarite mainly consists of chert radiolarians were obtained from this part of section, and mudstone alternation with some limestone interlay- oniy some undetermined remains of were ers with a total thickness of ftl m. At the base of the found. Hocakóy Radiolarite, mudstone/silicified mudstone The upper part of the Gókdere Formation with chert and limestone layers were encountered. No includes gray to beige, thin bedded limestone and pink- radiolarians were obtained from these part. First middle ish red chert alternation. The pinkish red chert beds Hettangian radiolarians (Gorgansium alpinwm Kozur & contains moderately to well-preserved abundant late Mostler, Pantanellium browni Pessagno &, Blome, Prae- Norian-Rhaetian radiolarians. As the main topic of this lcexasaturnalis leìrchsteinensis Kozur & Mostler, P. tetrara- study, detailed systematics and biostratigraphy of these diatus Kozur & Mostler, Droltus carinaspinosus Kozur & radiolarians is presented in the following chapters. Mostler, Charlottea weedensis \X/halen & Carter, Canop- The Jurassic-Creraceous Hocakóy Radiolarite tum merum Pessagno 8c \flhalen, Protokatroma aquila 418 U, K, TèK|N

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Fig. 3A - The Hocakòy columnar section and sampling levels. B. Enlargement of the Late Triassic part of the Hocakòy Measured Section. a. Limestone, b. Cherty Limestone, c. Alternation of limestone and chert, d. Alternatìon of chert, limestone and mudstone, e. Micro- conglomerate, f. Mudstone, silicified mudstone, g. Chert, h. Alternation of chert and mudstone, i. Radiolaria bearing samples. Late Triassic radiolarians from Turkey 419

Whalen & Carter, Bipedis hannai Whalen & Carter etc. Subfamily Capnuchosphaerinae De ìfever, 1982 indicating basal part of Pantanelliwm brou,ni Zone o{ \X/ever, Genus C ap nucb o sphaera D e 1.97 9 emend. Carter et al. (1998)) appear in the limestone interlayer Pessagno, 7979 emend. Blome, 1983 (sample 97UKÍrcA) within a silicified mudstone (Tekin in press, Fig. 3A) . Towards the upper part, rhe succes- Type Species. Capnuchospbaera triassica De \Wever, 1979. sions become younger without gap with respect to radi- olarian faunas. The youngest age of the Hocakóy Radi- olarite in the secrion (sample 96UKT458) is middle Capnuchosphaera okayi n. sp. Cenomanian - upper Cenomanian (according to zonal Pl. 1, figs. 1,2 scheme of O'Dogherty 1994) with respect to following Etymology. This fauna: Psewdodictyomitra pseudomacrocephala (Squin- species ìs dedicated to Prof. Dr. Aral Okay, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul abol), Psewdodictyomitra in honur of his contribution to tiara (Holmes), Nooixìtus the knowledge of Turkish geology. mclaugblini Pessagno, Stichomitra communis Squinabol Holotype. The specimen on Pl. 1, Fig. 1. Sample 97rJKf 1.4I. andThanarla spp. (Fig. 3A). Uppermost part of the sec- Type locality. Gókdere Formation, Hocakóy section, Antalya tion is tectonically separated from the Qandir Formation Nappes, southern Turkey (See locality description). of AlakirEay Nappe (Fig. Z). Description. Cortical sheil subsphaerical in outline with double-layered wall structure. Tumidaspinae sub- Materials, methods and repository circular, short to moderately long and slightly expanding distally. Spinal tumors, as long as spinal tunnels display Thirty samples were collected both from the cher- slight sinistral torsion. Tumidapores large, elongated. ty limestone and chert-limestone alternation of the Spinal shafts short, circular in axial section. Length of Gókdere Formation in the Hocakóy section. No radio- tumidispinae always shorter than diameter of cortical larians were obtained from limestone samples. Some shell. chert beds (11 samples) yielded moderately to well-pre- Remarks. Capnuchosphaera okayi n. sp. differs served iate Norian-Rhaetian radiolarians. from Capnwchospbaera neosagaris Sugiyama by having The chert samples from the study area were more spherical cortical shell and shorter and wider processed by using techniques suggested by Pessagno & tumidispinae with slightly torsioned spinal tumors Newport (1,972) and Dumitri ca (1970), using diluted (5- instead of strongly twisted tumors. It can be differenti- 10%) hydrofluoric acid. The already extracted radiolari- ated also from C. puncttr De Wever (in De Wever, Sanfil- ans have been picked up and studied in light microscope ippo, Riedel & Gruber 1.979, p.83, pl. 3, fígs.7-9) longer Nikon SMZ-28. The SEM microscope Zeiss DSM 94OA spinal tunnels and slightly torsioned spinal tumors in Innsbruck University, has been utilized for instead of strongly twisted rumors. more precise determinations and photographic works. Measuremenls (1-r,m). (Based on 4 specimens) All holotypes and paratypes with collecrion num- HT Min. Max. Av. bers, MTA1534 - MTA1543, are stored at the Natural Diameter of the cortical shell 150 135 150 146 History Museum in General Directorate Mineral of Length of tumidaspinae 93 93 1 10 1 O0 Research and Exploration, Ankara. Vidth of tumida-spinae (proximal$ a3 4 50 48

Range. Late Triassic; late Norian. paleontology Systematic Occurrence. Antalya Nappes, sourhern Tirrkey. In this part, following abbreviations are used for the measurements; HT Holotype, Min.: Minimum, Capnuchosphaera sp. cf. C. okayi n. sp. Max.: Maximum, Av.: Average, Exc.: Excluding, Inci.: Pl. 1, fig. 3 Including. Remarks. Although this form is similar to Capnw- cbosphaera okayi n. sp., its bad preservation does not Subclass Radiolaria Mùller, 1858 permit a more precise identification. Order Polycystina Ehrenberg, 1838 emend. Riedel, 1962b Range. Late Triassic; late Norian. Suborder Spumellaria Ehrenberg, 1838 Occurrence. Antalya Nappes, sourhern Turkey. Superfamily Liosphearaecea Haeckel, 1881 emend. Pessagno & Blome, 1984 Capnuchosphaera neosagaris Sugiyama, 1997 Pl. 1, fig.4 Subsuperfamily Liospherilae Haeckel, 1881 Family Capnuchosphaeridae De Wever, 1.979 emend. 1997 Capnucbospbaera neosagaris Sugiyama, pp. 1 48-149, figs. 4O-5-Zb. Pessagno, 1979 emend. Blome, 1983 Range. Late Triassic; late Norian. 424 u. K. Tbkin

Occurrences. Japan; Antalya Nappes, southern Ferresium sp. A Turkey. Pl. 1, fig.8

1984 Ferresium sp. A Blome, p. 15, pI.9, figs. 1,5,6, 10. Family Ferresidae Carter, 1993

Genus Ferresium Blome, 1984 emend. Carter, 1.993 Short definition. Test as genus. Cortical shell spher- ical, top and bottom of the surfaces convex, inflated. Type Species: Ferresium laseekense Blome, 198'1. Primary spines symmetrically arranged, three-carinate, strongly sinistrally twisted with deep grooves and thick laseekense Blome, 1984 Ferresium ridges. Pl. 1, fig. s Remarks. It differs from fi hecatense Blome (1984, p.43, pl. Z, figs. 9,16,17,21) by having a more inflated 1984 Ferresium laseekense Blome, p. 43, pl. 7,figs. 10, 11, 11, 15, 22; test and highly twisted primary spines. pl. 8, figs. 1, 5, 8, 12, |a pl. 1.7, frg. 2 ! 1993 Fenesium sp. aff. f, laseeleense Blome- Cartet p. 69, pl. 8, fig. 1 Range. Late Triassic; Iate Norian. Occurrences. ?Queen Charlotte Islands, British Range. L.rte Trjassicl late Norian - ?Rhaetian. Columbia; Antalya Nappes, southern Turkey, Occurrences. Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia; Antalya Nappes, southern Turkey. Genus Risella Carter, 1.993

Type Species. Risella tledoensis Carter, 1993.

Ferresium philippinense Yeh Er Cheng, 1996 Risella sp. aff. R. conclusum (Carter, 1993) P1. 1, figs. 6, 7 Pl. 1, fig. e

1986 Ferresium sp. A Yoshida, pl. 1a, fig. 9 àfÍ. 1993 Ferresium conclwsum Carter, pp. 68-69, pl. 9, figs. 1-5 1996 Ferresium triquetrum Carter- Bragin El Tekin, pl. 2, figs. 4, 5 àff.1999 Risella conclusum (Carter)- Carter & Guex, p. 191, pl. 1, 1996 Ferresiumphilippinense\eh& Cheng, p.7,pL.4, figs. 1,3,5,9, 10 figs.1-3 1999 Fenesiumphilippinense Tekin, p. 13, figs. 12-13.

conclusum Range. Late Triassic; late Norian - Rhaetian. Remarks. It diff ers from Risella (Carter) by having wider primary spines with very wide Occurrences. Central Japan; Busuanga Island, Philippines; Eryaman, Ankara and Antalya Nappes, grooves. Thrkey. Range. Late Triassic; Rhaetian.

PLATE 1

Scanning electron micrographs of Late Triassic Spumellaria (Radiolarìa) from the Gòkdere Formation in Hocakòv section. Scale = number of microns for each figure.

Figs. 1,2 - Capnwcbosphaera oleayi n. sp. 1. Holotype. Sample no. 9ZUKT1'+1, late Norian, scale bar: 11Opm.,J. Panrype. Sample no. 01UKT245, late Norian, scale bar: 11O/-rm. Fig. 3 - Capnuchosphaera sp. cf. C. oleayi n. sp. Sample no. 97UKT1'{1, late Norian' scale bar: 90pm. Fig. 4 - Capnuchosphaera neosagaris Sugiyama. Sarnple no. 01UKT243, late Norian, scale bar= 11Opm. Fig. 5 - Ferresium lasee/eense Blome. Sample no. 01UKT249, late Norian. scale bar: 9O/rm. qOgm. Figs. 6, 7 - Ferresium philippinense Yeh tr Cheng. Fig. 6 ìs from sample 97UKT14S, Rhaetran, scalc brr: Fig. Z is from sample 90gm. 0l UKT25J, Rhaerirn, 'cale bar- Fig. 8 - Ferresium sp. A. Sample no. 01UKT248, late Norian, scale bar: 11Opm. Fig.9 - Risella sp. aff. R. concl.uswm (Carter). Sample no.97UKT150, Rhaetian, scale bar: 12Ol.r.m. Fìg. 1O - Risel/a stalleungiensis Carter. Sample no. 97UKT146, Rhaetian, scale bar: 9O/rm. Fig. 11 - RiselLa tledoensis Carter. Sarnple no. O1UKT253, Rhaetian, scale bar= 100pm. Figs. 12, 13 -Betraccium deueteri Pessagno 3r Blome. Both specimens are from sample O1UKT2'{8, late Norian, scaie bar for both specimens: 100prm. Fig. 14 - Paratriassoastrum sp. A. Sample no. 9ZUKT118' Rhaetìan, scale bar: 9O/rm Fìg. 15 - Paratriassoastrum sp.B. Sample no.97UKT148, Rhaetian, scale bar: 120;^r.m. Figs. 16, 77 -Bistarkum rhaeticum n. sp. 16. Holotype. Sample no.0lUKT253, Rhaetian, scaÌe bar= 14Apm. 1.7. Paratvpe. Sample 01UKT253, Rhaetian, scale bar: 12Og.m. Fig. 1S - Crucella sp. A. Sample no.97IJItl147, Rhaetian, scale bar= 130pm. Fig. 19 - Paronaella pacofiensìs Carter. Sample no. 01UKT251, Rhaetian, scale bar: 160!im. Fig.20 - Paronaella sp. A. Sample no.97UKT148, Rhaetian, scale bar= 140irm. Pl. 1 Late Triassic radíolaritttts ft'ont Turkey 421 /1) U. K. Tekin

Occurrence. Antalya Nappes, southern Turkey. 1999 Betraccium detuet,eri - Tekin, pp. 97-98, pl. 72, ftgs. 1.1-12.

Range. Late Triassic; late Norian. Risella stalkungiensis Carter, 1993 Occurrences. Charlotte Islands, British Pl. 1, fig. 10 Queen Columbia; Central Japan; Kawakawa Bay, New Zealand; and Busuanga Philippines; 1992 Paronaella sp. B Yeh, p. 62, pl. 2, Îtg. 12. lJson Islands, Sikhote-Alyn, 1993 Risella stalleungiensis Carter, p. 7 4, pl. 9, fig. 8. Fareast Russia; Eryaman, Ankara and Antalya Nappes, 1999 Risella stalkungiensisTektn, p. 102, pl. 14, figs. 1-2. Turkey. 1999 Risella stalkungiensìs Carter Er Guex, p. 191, pl. 1, fig. 1.

Family Paratriassoastridae Kozur & Mostler, 1981 Range. Late Triassic; Rhaetian. Occurrences. IJson Island, Philippines; Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia; Antalya Nappes, Genus Paratriassoastrum Kozur tr Mostler, 1981 southern Turkey. Type Species. Paratriassoastrwm austriacum Kozur & Mostler, 1981.

Risella tledoensis Carter, 1.993 Paratriassoastrum sp. A 1, 11 Pl. fig. Pl. 1, fig. 1a

199A Gen. nov. C sp. 1 Carter, pl. 2, fig. 1. Shoft definition. Test as with genus, large and tetra- 1.991 Hagiastrwm ? sp. Bragin, pL. 7, frg. 2. 1993 Risella tledoensis Carter, pp.75-76, pl. 9, figs. 10, 11, 13. hedral. Central shell small, subspherical. Rays long, 1996 RiselLatledoensis - Yeh Er Cheng, p. 8, pl. 4, figs. 2, 6. slightly expanding to the distal part, two lateral branch- 1997 Risella tÌecloensis - Sugiyama, p. 186, fig. 50-16. es appeared at the tip of rays. Main tips thick, conrract- 1.999 Risella tledoensis - Tekin, p. 102, pl. 14, figs. 13-14. ing distally. 1999 Risella tledoensis - Carter Ee Guex, p. 797-192, pl. 1, figs. 7-9. Remarks. It differs from Paratriassoastrum omegaense Carter (1993, p. 78, pl. 11, figs. 4,7, 8, 14, 19) Range. Late Triassic; Rhaetian. in having two lateral branches at the distal part. Occurrences. Kunga and Chariotte Islands, Queen Range. Late Triassic; Rhaetian. British Columbia; Sikhote-Alyn, Fareast Russia; Occurrence. Antalya Nappes, southern Tirrkey. Busuanga Island, Philippines; Central Japan; Antalya Nappes, southern Turkey. Paratriassoastrum sp. B Pl. 1, fig. 1s Family Pantanelliidae Pessagno, 1,977 emend. Pessagno

& Blome, 1980 Short definition. Test as with genus, tetrahedral. Subfamily Pantanellinae Pessagno, 1977 Central sheil subspherical, medium in size. Rays short to Genus Betraccium Pessagno, 1929 medium in iength, wide and expanding distally and become bulbous. Tips of the arms three-carinate, long Type species. B etraccium smitbi Pessagno, 1979 slightly tapering distally, pointed. Remarks. It differs {rom Paratriassoastrum sp. B Betraccium deweveri Pessagno & Blome, 1980 sensuCarter (1.993,p.79,pL.1.1., figs. 15, t8) byhaving Pl. 1, figs. 12, 13 bigger size of test and-more bulbous rays. Range. Late Triassic; Rhaetian. 1980 Betraccium deueveri Pessagno & Blome, pp. 230-231, pl. 1, Occurrence. Antalya Nappes, southern Turkey. figs. 1,2,5-8, 13, 14. 198,+ Betraccium detpet,eri - Blorre, pp. 37-38, pl. 5, figs. 6,7, 13,20. 1986 Betracciwm de'o,e'oeri - Yoshida, pl. 13, figs. 6-9. 1986 Betraccium deueceri - Bragin, pl. 1, fig. 5. Family Patulibrachiidae Pessagno, 1,971, emend. 1986 Betraccium deueoeri - Sato, Murata & Yoshida, fig. 16, no. 16. Baumgartner, 1980 7987 Betraccium detaeterí - Blome, Moore, Simes & Watters, pl. 1, fig.11. Subfamily Patulibrachiinae Pessagno, 1971 emend. 1988 Betraccium d.etaet:eri - Spòrli Er Aita, pl. 1, fig. a. Baumgartner, 1980 1989 Betraccium detaeveri - Cheng, p. 145, p1. 1 1, figs. 8, 9, 16 non pl. 8, fig. 8. Genus Bistarkwm Yeh, 1987 1991. Betraccium deueteri - Bragin, p. 84, pl. 7,figs.13,14. 7992 Betraccium deweoeri - Yeh, p. 59, pl. 1, figs. 9, 13, 14. Type Species. Bistarkum rigidum Yeh, 1982. 1993 Betraccium der.e,eoeri - Carter, p.58, pl.6, fig. 1. 1,996 Betraccium cleueperi - Bragin & Tekin, pl. 1, fig. 6. 1996 Betraccium deueveri - Yeh & Cheng, p. 6, pl. 2, fig. 3. Bistarkum rhaeticum n. sp. 25. lqqT Betracctum deuez,en - Sugiyama. p. I lig. 50-22. Pl. 1, figs. 16, 1/ Late Tiiassic radiolarians from Turkey +z-)

Etymology. This is named for its occurrence in Rhaetian. Type species. Paronaella solanoensis Pessagno, 1971. Holotype. The specimen on Pl. 1, Fig. 16. Sample O1UKT253. Type locality. Gókdere Formation, Hocakóy section, Antalya Nappes, southern Turkey (See locality description). Paronaella pacofiensis Carter, 1993 Description. Test, cylindrical, long with two Pl. 1, fig. 1e nearly equal-sized spongy rays. Rays approximately 1992 Sontonella sp. A Yeh, p. 62, p|,2, fig. S. uniform in size till distal parr. Rays ended with bul- 1993 Paronaella pacofiensis Carter, pp. S1-82, pl. 10, fig. 5. bous, subspherical part. No auxiliary spines observed 1,997 Paronaella pacofiezsls - Sugiyama, p. 184, fig. 5O-15. at tips. 1999 Paronaella pacofiensls - Tekin, p. 90, pl. 10, fig. 2. Remarks. Bistarleum rhaeticwm n. sp. differs from the B. ? cylindratwm Carter (1,993, pp.79-8a, pI. Range. Late Triassic; Rhaetian. 10, figs. 1, 18) in having more slender test, bulbous ray Occurrences. Uson Island, Philippines; Queen tips and absence of fringe-like srrucrure in ray tips. It Charlotte Islands, British Columbia; Central Japan; could be differentiated fromJurassic species B. rigidum Antalya Nappes, sourhern Turkey. Yeh (1987, pp. 43-44, pl. 1, fig. 5; pl.21, fig. 5; pl.22, trgs.f' a1, 3, 7, 11) having spherical, by bulbous tips Paronaella sp. A instead of large ellipsoidal tips. Pl. 1, fig.20; PI.2, fig. 1

Measurements (pm). (Based on 4 specimens) 1999 ParonaelÌa sp. A Tekin, pp. 9O-91, pl. 10, fig. 6. HT Min. Max. Av. Total length of test 482 433 482 45 Short definition: Tesr large with thin rays. Rays long Width of rays 71, 57 82 7A and wide. Ray tips flattened and elliptical with a rare Width of the tips 89 71 100 87 auxiliary spines. Remarks: Paronaella sp. A differs from the other Range. Late Triassic; Rhaetian. Paronaella in having flattened ray tips with short spines. Occurrence. Antalya Nappes, sourhern Turkey. Range. Late Triassic; Rhaetian. Occurrence. Antalya Nappes, southern Turkey.

Genus Crwcella Pessagno, 1921 Paronaella so. B Type Species. Crucella messinae Pessagno, i 9/1. Pl.2, f'rg.;

Short definition. Tesr with small central area. Rays Crucella sp. A equal in length, short and thick gently expanded distally. Pl. 1, fig. 18 Meshwork of central area and rays composed of small mostly triangular pore frames *lth .o.rnd"d nodes at 1993 Crucella sp. B Carteq p. 85, pl. 10, figs. 1O-11. vertices of bars. Ray ends without tips. Remarks. It differs from P ? beatricia Carter Short definition. Test large, cruciform with long (1993, p. 80, pl. 10, figs. 7, 8, 15, 16) by possessing rays. Rays equal in length, thick approximately uniform shorter and wider rays. in width. Outer layers of meshwork and of central area Range. Late Triassic; Rhaetian. and rays composed of tetragonal to trigonal pore frames Occurrence. Antalya Nappes, sourhern Turkey. with large nodes at pore frame verrices. Rays ended with very long three-carinare spines, tapering distally, point- ed. Superfamily Saturnaliceae Deflandre, 1953 Remarks, It differs from C. floweryotensis Carter Family Parasaturnalidae Kozur Er Mostler, 1972 emend. (1993, p. 84, pl. 10, figs. 13, 14) by having rays with Kozur & Mostler, 1983 approximate uniform width instead of laterally expand- Subfamily Parasaturnalinae Kozur & Mostler, 1922 ed rays, larger nodes at pore frame vertices and longer spines at tips. Range. Late Triassic; Rhaetian. Genus Praemesosaturnalis Kozur & Mostler, 1981 Occurrences. Charlotte Islands, British Queen Type Species. Spongosaturnalis bifidus Kozur & Mostler, 1922. Columbia; Antalya Nappes, sourhern Turkey.

Praemesosaturnalis heilongjiangensis Genus Paronaella Pessagno, 1.971 emend. Yang & Mizutant, 1,991 Baumgartner, 1980 Praemesosaturnalis heilongjiangensis heilongiiangensis 424 U. K. Telein

Yang & Mizutani, 1991 Range, Late Triassic; late Norian' Pl. 2, fig. 3 Occurrence. Antalya Nappes, southern Turkey' 1.982 Palaeosatwrnalis bifidus (Kozur tt Mostler)- Yao, p1. 3,tig. 1'7' 1986 Acanthocircus sp. Yoshida, pI. 16, fig. 12. Praemesosaturnalis huxleyensis (Carter, 1993) n. comb. 1991 Praemesosaturnalis heilonfiìangensls Yang Er Mizurani, pp' o7- PL.2, tig.7 68, pl. 1, figs. 3, '1, 6,10,12,13. 1997 Praemesctsatwrnalis beilongiangensls - Sugil'ama, p' 185' fig. 51-16. 1993 Kozurastrum hwxleyense Carter, pp. 53-54, pl. 4, figs. '{' 5' 6. 7996 Pseudoheliodiscus huxleyensis (Carter)- Yeh Er Cheng, p. 9' pl. Range. Late Triassic; late Norian. l. fjq.. l. 2, +. 5. Occurrences. Japan; Northeast Chinal Antalya Nappes, southern Turkey. Remarks, Kozurastrum De Wever, 1984 is the jun- ior synonym of the Praemesosaturnalis Kozur & Praemesosaturnalis heilongiiangensis aksekiensis Mostler, 1981. n. subsp. Range. Late Triassic; Rhaetian. Pl. 2, fìgs 4, 5, 6 Occurrences. Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia; Busuanga Island, Philippines; Antalya Etymology. This subspecies is named for its type locality sìtu- Nappes, southern Turkey. ated at the vicinity of Akseki Town. Holotype. The specimen on Pl. 2, Fig. 4. Sample 01UKT248. Type locality. Gókdere Formation, Hocakóv section, Antalya Praemesosaturnalis multidentatus Turkey (See locality description). Nappes, southern (Kozur & Mostler, 1972) GrouP Description. Peripheral ring circular to subcircular PI.2, figs.8,9 in outline, broad. Ten to twelve peripheral spines short, ended rarely pointed ended with shallow mainly bluntly 1972 Spongosaturnalis mwhidentatus Kozur & Mostler, p. 38, pi. 1' and wide grooves flanked by two thin ridges. Both two fig. 20. polar rays and four auxiliary rays long, circular to sub- i981 Praemesosaturnalis muhicJentatus (Kozv & Mostler)- Kozur & circular in cross-section. Mostler, p. 58. sp. G Kishida & Sugano, pi. 3, figs. 1/-19. Remarks. Praemesosaturnalis lceilongiiangensis 1982 Palaeosaturnalis 1982 Palaeosatwrnalis sp. H Kishida & Sugano, p.3' ligs. 2O-21. differs from P heilongiiangensis hei- aksekiensis n. subsp. 1986 Acanthocircus sp. Yoshida, 1986, pl. 16, figs. 1-5. longjiangensi.s Yang Er Mizutani by having much shorter pars 1990 Pseudoheliod,isczs sp. aff. P mubidentatus (Kozur & and wider peripheral spines. Mostler)- Yeh, p. 18, pl. 15, figs. 7,9, rc, 11 non fìg. 13 (: Praemesosaturnalis nobleae n sp.). D9A Pseudoheliodisczs sp. cf. P multidentatus - Yeh, p. 18, pl. 15, fig. Measurements (ptm). (Based on 3 specimens) 12. Max. Av. HT Min. 1991.? Kozurastrum mubidentaras - Bragin' p. 93' pL. l, Íìg' 9. Max. diameter of the inner cavity 189 189 2A3 197 1996 Praemesosaturnalis sp. aff. P mubidentrltus- Bragin Er Krylov, Width of ring 58 32 58 44 pl. 1, fig. 10, pl. 2, fig. 10. (Konx Er Mostler) Group- Max. length of peripheral spines 71 43 75 63 pars 7997 Praemesosaturnalis multidentatws

PLATE 2

Scale : number ol Scanning electron micrographs of Late Triassic Spumellaria (Radiolaria) from the Gókdere Formation in Hocakó1' section. microns for each figure.

Fig. 1 Paronaella sp. A. Sample no.971JKT147, Rhaetian, scale bar: 160!'m. Fig. 2 Paronaella sp. B. Sample no.97UKll47, Rhaetian, scale bar= 8Oi-rm. late Norian, scale bar: 23OÉrm' Fig. 3 Praemesosaturnalìs heilongjiangensis beilongiangensisYangtr Mizutani. Sample no. O1UKT218, Figs.4,5,6 - praemesosaturnalis beilongjiangensis aksekiensls n. subsp. 4. Holotype. Sample no. O1UKT2'I8, late Norian, scale bar: 140ptm.5' 6 paratypes. Fig.5 is f.o- r"-pl. 97IJK[111,late Norian, scale bar: 14Oprm. Fig.6 is from sample O1UKT247,late Norian, scale bar:140!i.m. Fig.7 Praemesosaturnalis hwxleyensis (carter). sample no. o1uKT251, Rhaetian, scale bar: 14Opm. bar for Figs.8,9 Praemesosaturnalis mu/tidentatus (Kozur & Mostler) Group. Both specimens are from sample O1UKT243,late Norian, scale both specimens: 90/rm. scale 15Op'n. 11-72. Paratypes. Both Figs.1O,11, 1.2 - praemesosaturnalis nobLeae n. sp. 10. Holotype. Sample no. O1UKT213, late Norian, bar= specimens are from sample O1UKT243,Late Norian, spale bar: 11Oplm. and 150plm. respectively. s bar : 1 80' 210' Figs. 13,14, li, tO, tl - Pror*rrorotrrnalis pseudokahlerl Sugiyama. Al1 specimens are from sample O 1UKT2 48, late Norian, cale 2OO, 180 and 180prm. respectivel,v Figs. 18, 19 - PraemesosatwrnalisrugosusyehaeTekin.Bothspecimensarefromsample O1UKT248, lateNorian,scalebar=210and190prm'respec- tively Fig. 20 Praemesosaturnalis sandspitensis (Blome). Sampìe no. 97uKT150, Rhaetian, scale bar= 160!r.m. PI.2 Late T)'iassic radíolarìans frott Tur/eey 1l( 426 LI. K. Tekin

113, pl. 18, fig 6' Sugiyama, p. 185, figs. 51-1 non fig.28-2 (:Praemesosaturnalis 1999 Praemesosaturnalis pseudokabled - Tekin, p. nobleae n. sp.1. ? 1999 Praemesosaturndlis sp. cf. ? muhidentatws - Bragin 3r Kr1'lor', p' Emended Description. Ring moderately wide to ss6, fig. 9F. wide, circular to subcircular in outline. Ten to fourteen peripheral spines, displaying slight to strong sinistral middle Norian - late Norian. Range. Late Triassic; torsion, become wider distally and three branches Occurrences. Pótschen, Austria; Sikhote- Japan; appear. Auxiliary rays vary from four to six. Auxiliary Alyn, Fareast Russia; Busuanga Island, Philippines; rays mainly shorter than two Polar rays, sometimes as ; Antalya Nappes, southern Túrkey. long as polar rays. Range. Late Triassic; late Norian. Praemesosaturnalis nobleae n. sP. Occurrences. Central Japan; Antalya Nappes, PI.2, figs. 10, 11,12 southern Turkey. pars 1990 Pseudoheliodiscrzs sp. aff. P multidentatus (Kozur & Mostler)- Yeh, p. i8, pl. 12, iig. 13 non pl. 15, figs. Z, 9' 10-11. Praemesosaturnalis rugosus (Yeh, 1990) (Kozur & Mostler) Group- pars 1997 Praemesosaturnalis muhidentauzs Praemesosaturnalis rugosus yehae Tekin, 1999 Sugrlama, p. 185. iig.28-2 non iig.5l-1. Pl.2, figs. 18, 19

Etymologv. This species is dedicated to Dr. Paula J. Noble' sp. D Kishida Er Sugano, pl' 3, fig. 11. University of Nevada, USA, in honor of her great contribution to the 1982 Palaeosaturnalis sp. E Kishida Er Sugano, pl. 3, figs. 12, 13. knowledge of radiolarian biostratigraphy. 1982 Palaeosaturnalis sp. Kishida Er Sugano, pl. 4, figs. 1',2, 4, non 3' Holotype. The specimen on Pl. 2, Fig. 10. Sample 01UKT213. 1982 PaLaeosatnnalìs J Yeh, p. I 9, pl. 1 2, figs. 1 O, 1 4; pl' 1 3, Type locality. Gokdere Formation, Hocakóy section, Antal;'a non 1 990 Psewdoheliodiscus rwgosus (:pv. rugosus ruSosus (YEH 1990). Nappes, southern Turkey (See locality descrìption). lig. \2 1996 Pseudoheliodiscus rugosl1s - Yeh tr Cheng, p. 9, 3, figs' 8' 9, Description. Peripheral ring subspherical to subel- Pl. 10. spines in dif- lipsoidal, broad. Ten to twelve peripheral pars 1996 Kozurastrum spp. Bragin Er Tekin, pI.2, fig. 7, non pl. 2, fig' ferent length. Vhile at one side of the test, peripheral 6 (: Praemesosaturnalis psewdoÌeableri psewdokahleri Stgiyama) spines short and wide triangular, peripheral spines at the and fig. 8. other side of test longer than the former, elongated' 1,997 Praemesosaturnalls sp. A Sugiyama, p. 167, fig. 45-IA. 79.q9 Praemesosaturnalis rugosus yehae Tekin, pp. 113-114, pl. 18' medial part then contracting, pointed expanding till figs.7-8. ended. Two polar rays longer than the auxiliary rays. rays short, pointed, circular in Nine to ten auxiliary Range. Late Triassic; late Norian. s-section. cros Occurrences. Central Japan; Busuanga Island, laufo- Remarks. It differs from Praemesosaturnalis Philippines; Eryaman, Ankara and Antalya Nappes, (Kozur Mostler 1,972, p. 37, pI. 1, figs. 18-19) by lia tr Ti-rrkey. having more peripheral spines (10-12 instead of 8-10) and irregular length of these spines. It can be differenti- Praemesosaturnalis sandspitensis (Blome, 1984) ated also from Praemesosaturndlis multidentatus (Kozur tr Mostler) by having medially expanding peripheral Pl. 2, fig. 20 spines instead of continuously contracting peripheral 1982 PaLaeosaturnalis afl. quinquespinosa (Kozur & Mostler)- Yao, spines. p1.3, fig. 18. Measurements (1-r.m). (Based on 6 specimens) 198.+ Pseudobeliodiscus santÌspitensis Blome, p. 27, pl.3, figs. 6' Z. HT Min. Max. Av. 1986 Pseudoheliod.tscus sandspitensis - Yoshida, pl. 15, fig. 10. Tailleur, pl' Max. diameter of the inner cavity 135 122 135 130 1989 Pseudoheliodiscus sanclspitensis - Blome, Reed & Vidth of ring 43 36 50 42 33.2, Íig.21. 1989 Pseudoheliodiscus sandspitensis - Cheng, p. 1a6, pl. 9' fig. 10' 145 145 119 Max. length of peripheral spines 94 L993 Kozurastrum sandspitense (Blome)- Carter, p. 54, pl. 4' fig. 2. 1.993 Kozurastrum sp. aff. K sandspìtense (Blome)- Carter, p. 5'1, pl. Range. Late Triassic; late Norian. a, fig. 3. - Sugiyama, p. 185, fig.51-11' Occurrences. Busuanga Island, Philippines; Japan; 1997 Praemesosaturnalts sandspitense 1999 PraemesosaturnaLis sandspitense Tekin, p. i14, pl. 18' fig.9. Antalya Nappes, southern Tirrkey.

Range. Late Triassic; late Norian - Rhaetian' Praemesosaturnalis pseudokahleri Sugiyama. Occurrences. Central Japan; Kunga and Queen 1997 emend. herein. Charlotte Islands, British Columbia; IJson Island, Pl. 2, figs. 13,14,15' 16' 17 Philippines; Antalya Nappes, southern Turkey.

Kozurastrum spp. Bragin Ec Tekin, pl. Z, fig. 6, non fig. 7 pars 1996 Praemesosaturnalis sp. A (:PraemesosaturnaLis rugosus yehaeTekin) and fig. 8. Pl. 3, figs. 1,2 1997 Praemesosaturnalis psewdokahleri Sugiyama' p. 67, figs. 28-3, 45-8' 9' Late Triassic radiolarians from Turleey 427

Short definition. Peripheral ring circular in outline Type Species. Veghícyclia pulchra Kozur E: Mostler, 1972. with wide medial groove on surfaces, flanked by a nar- Veghicyclia sanfiliPpoae n. sp. row ridge. Typically twelve to fourteen peripheral spines Pl. 3, figs. 5, 6 short to moderateiy long, flat to subcircular, triangular to elongated triangular, pointed without grooves and Etymology. This species is dedicated to Dr. Annika Sanfilippo, of at San ridges. Two polar rays long, four auxiliary rays regularly Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University Diego, USA, in honor of her great contribution to the Cretaceous and arranged, long and circular in cross-section. Tertiary radiolarian bios trati graphl'. Remarks. It is differentiated from P beilongian- Holotype. The specimen on Pl. 3, Fig. 5. Sample 01UKT251. gensis heilongjiangensis Yang Ec Mizutani by having ring Type Locality. Gókdere Formation, Hocakóy section, Antalya with groove flanked by ridges instead of smooth ones. Nappes. .outhern Turkev rSee loc:li11 de.criptionr. In addition to this, the former has narrower and shorter Description. Cortical shell, large, spongy and flat peripheral spines without central groove flanked by thin discoidal in outline. Equatorial disc circular to subcircu- ridges. lar with two rows of pores. Pores on equatorial disc medium to big, in different size subcircular to subellip- Range. Late Triassic; late Norian. tical in outline. Outer pores mainly bigger than the pre- Occurrence. Antalya Nappes, southern Turkey. vious ones. Fifteen to sixteen symmetrically arranged outer peripheral spines short to medium in length, flat, triangular to elongated triangulaq pointed. Genus Saturnosphaera Tichomirova, 1975 emend. Remarks. Veghicyclia sanfilippoae n. sp. can be dif- Kozur 8c Mostler, 1983 ferentiated from V pulchra Kozur Ec Mostler (1972, pp. 11-12, pL.4, figs. 14,1.7) by having flat discoidal instead Type Species. Saturnosphaera gracilis Tichomtrota, 797 5 of discoidal cortical shell and bigger pores on equatorial disc. It also differs from Veghicyclia sp. A in this study SaturnosPhaera sp. A by having a smaller cortical shell, smaller and more cir- Pl.3, fig.3 cular, irregular pores on equatorial disc and more periph- eral spines (15-16 instead of tz-111. Short definition. Ring, circular to subcircular, Measurements . (Based on the 3 specimens) long moderately long peripheral @m) broad. Seventeen to HT Min. Max. Av. spines slightly expanding medially then decreasing in Diameter of the cortical shell t36 1.36 147 142 width, blunted ended. Eight long, circular rays Present Width of the equatorial disc 53 38 53 47 in the inner part o{ the ring. Max. length of the peripheral spines 44 44 53 50 Remarks. It differs from Saturnospbaera gracilis Tichomirova in having broad and more peripheral spines Range. Late Triassic; Rhaetian. (17 instead of 13). Occurrence. Antalya Nappes, southern Ti:rkey. Range. Late Triassic; Ìate Norian. Occurrence. Antalya Nappes, southern Turkey. Veghicyclia sp. A

Pl. 3, fies. 7, 8 Family Pseudoacanthocircidae Kozur Ec Mostler, 1990 Kozur Mostler, 1990 Genus Pseudoacantbocircus & Short definition. Cortical shell, large, flat discoidal and spongy. Equatorial disc circuiar to subcircular with Type Species. Pseudoacantbocircus mediospinosus Kozur Er Mostler, 1.990. two rows of pores. Pores on equatorial disc big in size, elliptical to subelliptical, in outline. Twelve to thirteen symmetrically arranged outer peripheral spines short to Pseudoacanthocircus sugiyamai Tekin, t999 long, in different size, flat to circular in outline. Pl. 3, fig. a Remarks. It was compared to Wghicyclia sanfilip- potle n. sp. under latter species. 1.997 Pseudoacantbocircus sp. C Sugiyama, p. 168, fig. 15-14. Range. Late Triassic; Rhaetian. 1999 Pseudoacanthocircus sugiyamai Tekin, p. 1 16, pI 19, fìgs. 10-12' Occurrence. Antalya Nappes, southern Turkey.

Range. Late Triassic; late Norian - Early Jurassic; Sinemurian. Superfamily Trematodiscacea Haeckel, 1862 emend. Occurrences. Japan; Antalya Nappes, southern Kozur & Mostler, 1979 Turkey. Family Relindellidae Kozur Er Mostler, 1980 Genus Pentaspongodiscus Kozur & Mostler, 1979 Family Veghicycliidae Kozur tr Mostler, 1922 Genus Veghicyclia Kozur Ec Mostler, 1972 Type Species. Pentaspongodiscus tortiLis Kozur & Mostler, 1979. 428 u. K. Tbkin

Pentaspongodiscus ? dihexacanthus 1,993 Spumellaria gen. and sp. indet. B- Carter, p.92, pL.13, figs. 6, 8, 11. Carter, 1993 Group 1,999 Spumellaria gen. and sp. indet. A- Tekin, p. 124, pir.23, fig 7. PI.3, figs.9, 10 Range. Late Triassic; Rhaetian. 1993 Pentaspongodiscus ? dihexacanthus Carrer, pp. SZ-88, pl. 13, figs Occurrences. Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia; Antalya Nappes, southern Turkey. I 1997 Pentaspongodiscus ? diberaèantbus - Sugiyama, p. 184, fig. 51-9. 7999 Pentaspongodiscus ? dibexacantbws Carter Group- Tekin, pl. 22, fig.2-a. Spumellaria gen. and sp. indet. B Pl.3, figs. 13, 14 Range. Late Triassic; Rhaetian - ? Early Jurassic; ? Sinemurian. 1993 Spumellaria gen. and sp. indet. D- Carter, p. 92, pL.13, figs. 12, 13. Occurrences. Queen Charlotte Islands, British 1,999 Spurnellaria gen. and sp. indet. B- Tekin, p. 124, pL. 23, figs. 8- 1 1. Columbia; ?Japan; Antalya Nappes, southern Turkey. Range. Late Triassic; early Norian - Rhaetian. Superfamily Centrocubacea Hollande & Enjumet, 1960 Occurrences. Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia; Eryaman, Ankara and Antalya Nappes, Family Centrocubidae Hollande tr Enjumet, 1960 southern Ti:rkey. emend. Dumitrica, 1982 Suborder Entactinaria Kozur & Mostler, 1982 Superfamily Hexastylacea Haeckel, 1882 emend. ? Centrocubidae incertae sedis Petrushevskaya, 1979 Pl. 3, fig. 1 1 Family Eptingiidae Dumitrica, 1978 Short definition. Test large with latticed, cube- Genui Eptingiwm Dumitrica, 1978 shaped cortical shell. Eight, short and tetra-carinate Eptingium manfredi Dumirrica. 1978. spines present in each corner. Type Species. Remarks. Inner structure of the form is not clear, because of this it is tentatively assigned to Centrocu- Eptingium ? sp. A bidae. .P1. 3, fig. 1s Range. Late Triassic; late Norian. Turkey. Occurrence. Antalya Nappes, southern Short definition. Cephalis large, subspherical, com- pressed in direction perpendicular to plane of radial Spumellaria genus and species indetermined horns. Three horns mainly unequal, sometimes aPical Spumellaria gen. and sp. indet. A horn (A) a little bit longer than two lateral horns (L) bigger angle Pl. 3, fig. 12 and have angle with these two L much than

PLATE 3

Scanning electron micrographs of Late Triassic Spumellaria and Entactinaria (Radiolarir; from the Gokdere Formation in Hocakóy section. Scale = number of microns for each figure.

Figs. 1,2 - PraemesosaturnaLis sp. A. Both specimens are from sample no. O1UKT248, lare Norian, scale bar: 120 and lOOptm. respectively. Fig. 3 - Saturnosphaera sp. A. Sample no. O1UKT248, late Norian, scale bar= 250/rm. Fig. 4 - Pseudoacanthocircus sugiyamal Tekin. Sample no. O1UKT253, Rhaetian, scale bar: 120/-rm' Figs. 5, 6 - Vegbicyclia sanfiLippoae n. sp. 5. Holotype. Sample no. O1UKT251, Rhaetian, scale bar: lOOprm. 6. Paraype. Sample no. 01UKT251' Rhaetìan, scale bar: 100pm. Figs. Z, 8 - Veghicyclia sp. A. Both specimens are from sample O1UKT253, Rhaetian, scale bar: 130 and 120pm. respectively' Figs.9, 1O -Penaspongodiscus?dibexacanthusCarter.BothspecimensarefromsampleOlUKT25l,Rhaetian,scalebar=110and14Op.m.respec- tively. Fig. 11 - ?Centrocubidae incertae sedis. Sample no. O1UKT248, late Norian, scale bar: 90/rm. Fig. 12 - Spumellaria gen. and sp. indet. A. Sample no.97uK11.17, Rhaetian, scale bar: 90/.rm. gOprm' Fils. fl, 14 - Spumellaria gen. and sp. indet. B. Fig. 13 is from sample O1UKT243, late Norian, scale bar: Fig. 14 is from sample O1UKT245, late Norian, scale bar: 1OOpm. Fig. 15 - Eptingiwm ? sp. A. Sample no. 97UKT141, late Norian, scale bar: 809.m. 130prm. Figs. f O, U - Py/ostephanidium anlearaense Bragin & Tekin. Borh specimens are from sample O1UKT248, late Norian, scale bar: 110 and respectively. Fig. 18 - Pentactinocatpus seoaticus Kozur & Mostler. Sample no.01UKT248, late Norian, scale bar: 150/-rn:. Fils. 19, 2a - Bragrnellarur)is (Braginl. Fig. 19 is from sample 97lJKl143,late Norian, scale brr: t3O!m. Fig. 20 is from sample O1UKT243,late Norian, scale bar: 130/.rm. PÌ. 3 Late Triassic radiolarians ;from Turkel 429 430 U. K. Tekin

between these two L. Horns three-carinate with very Genus Pentactino catp us Dumitrica, 1,97 8 wide grooves and very thin ridges. Florns proximally wide then tapering distally with loose sinistrial torsion. Type species. Pentdctinocdryus fusìfurmis Dumirrica, 1928. Remarks. This form is tentatively assigned to Eptingiwm because of the lack of knowledge about inter- Pentactinocarpus sevaticus Kozur & Mostler, 1981 nal spicuie system. It can be differentiated from Pl.3, fig. 18 Eptingium ? amoenum Carter (1993, p. 93, p1. 14, figs. 1, 8, 12, 16) in having less globular cephalis and loosely sin- 1981 Pentactinocatpu, ,,rootirw Kozur tr Mostler, pp.21,-22, pl. 52, {ig. l. pì. sl. iig. 5, pl. ss. l. istrial twisted horns instead of strongly dextral twisted fig. 1,993 Pentactinocarpus sp. cf. P sevaticus - Carter, p. 40, pl. 1, figs. 1 1, horns. 15; pl. 21, fìgs. 15, 1/. Range. Late Triassic; late Norian. 1996 Pentactinocatpus sp. cf. P seztaticus - Bragin Er Tekin, pl. 3, fig. 1. Occurrence. Antalya Nappes, sourhern Turkey. 1996 Pentactinocarpus sevaticus - Bragin & Krylor,', pl. 1, fig. 7. ? 1997 Pentactìnocrtryus seraticus - Sugiyama, p. 184, fig. 50-7. 1999 Pentactinoctzryus sevaticus - Tekin, p. 134, pI.27, figs. /-8 Genus Pylostepbanidium Dumitrica, 197 8 Range. Type Species. Pylostephanidium clauatorDumit.ic", tsZS Late Triassic; ? middle Norian - late Nori- an - Rhaetian. Occurrences. Pótschen, Austria; Queen Charlotte Pylostephanidium ankaraense Bragin & Tekin, 1996 Islands, British Columbia; Central Japan; Eryaman, Pl.3, figs. 16, 17 Ankara and Antalya Nappes, Turkey.

'\996 Pylostephanidìum anlearaense Bragin & Tekin, pp. 11,7, 119, pl Entactinaria -r, rrgs. r -). Incertae Sedis 1.999 Pylostephanidíum ankaraense Tekin, p. 126, pl 24, figs.9-11. Genus Braginella Sugiyama, 1.997

Range. Late Triassic; late Norian. Type Species. Pentactinosphaera rudís Bragin, 1986. Occurrences. Eryaman, Ankara and Antalya Nappes, Turkey. Braginella rudis (Bragin, 1986) Pl. 3, figs. 19, 20 Superfamily Palaeoscenidiacea Riedel, 1967 emend. 1986 Pentactinosphaera rudis Bragìn, p. 69, pI.1, figs. 14. Kozur & Mostler, 1982 1989 Spumellaria gen. and sp. Indet. B Cheng, p. 117, p|.10, figs. 9- Family Pentactinocarpidae Dumi tnca,197 8 emend. 10,13-14. 1991 Pentactinosphaera rwdis - Bragin, p. 82, pl. 8, figs. 1-5. Kozur tr Mostler, 1981 1996 Pentactinospbaera rudis - Bragìn & Tekin, pl. 3, figs. 2-4, 6.

PLATE 4

Scanning electron micrographs of Late Trìassic (Radiolaria) from Gòkdere Formation in Hocakóy section. Scale : number of microns îor each ilgure.

Fig. 1 Canoptum sp. aff. C. dixoniPessagno Er \lhalen. Sample no. 97IJK1147, Rhaetian, scale bar: 9Opm. Fig. 2 Canoptum rhaeticum Kozur Ec Mostler. Sample no. 97IJKT117, Rhaetian, scale bar: 50pm. Fig. 1 Canoptum sp. A. Sample no.97UItl147, Rhaetian, scale bar: 11Opm. Figs. 4, 5 Deflandrecyrtium bretiora (Sugiyama). Fig.4 is from sample 9/UKT150, Rhaetian, scale bar: 12Oprm. Fìg. 5 is from sample no. 97UK1146, Rhaetian, scale bar: 12Opm. Fig. 6 Deflandrecyrtium ithacantbwm (Sugiyama). Sample O1UKT251, Rhaetian, scale bar= 11OÉrm. Figs. /,8 Deflandrecytiwm sp. A. Both specimens are from sample O1UKT253, Rhaetian, scale bar: 90 and lOOprm. Figs.9, i0 - Haecheliqtium sp. A. Fig.9 is from sample O1UKT248, late Norian, scale bar: 15Oprm. Fig. 1O is from sample O1UKT247,late Norian, scale bar- 160pm. Fig. 11 Lfuarella densiporata Kozur Er Mostler. Sample no. 97IJK1147, Rhaetian, scale bar= /Opm. rrg. 1r Livarella magnaTekin. Sample no. 01UKT249, late Norian, scale bar: 12Opm. - palida Figs. 13, 14 Livarella Yoshida. Fig. 13 is from sample 01UKT248, late Norian, scale bar= 12Opi.m. Fig. 14 is from sample O l UKT 219,late Norian, scale bar: 100pm. Fig. 1s Slringocapsa rhaetica Koznr & Mostler. Sample no. 97IJK1146, Rhaerian, scale bar= 14Opm. Fig. 16 ,Ayrtonius elizabethae Sugiyama. Sample no. 01UKT218, late Norian, scale bar: 120g.m. Fíg. 17 Bipedis acrostylus Bragin. Sample no. 9ZUKT150, Rhaetian, scale bar: 150!.m. Fig.18 Globolaxtorum sp. cf. G. cristdtum Carter. Sample no. 97IJKT117, Rhaetian, scale bar: 11g/-im. Fig. 19 Globolaxtorum sp. A. Sample no.97IJK|1.47, Rhaetian, scale bar: 11O/,rm. Fig. 20 Laxtorum capitnneum Carter. Sample no.97UI{7147, Rhaetian, scale bar= 1OOpm. .+3 Pl.1 Late Tridssic radiolarìans fron Tttrkel 1 432 U. K. Tbkin

1997 Braginella rudis (Bragtn)- Sugiyama, p. 146, figs. 39-1.9, $-2-3b. having more segments and lacking medial spines. 7999 Braginellarudis -Tekin, p. 134, pl. 27,figs. 11-12. Range. Late Triassic; Rhaetian. Occurrences. ?Queen Charlotte Islands, British Range. Late Triassic; late Norian - Rhaetian. Columbia; Antalya Nappes, sourhern Turkey. Occurrences. Sakhalin, Fareasr Russia; Busuanga Isiands, Philippines; Eryaman, Ankara and Antalya Family Deflandrecyrtiidae Kozur & Mostler, 1929 Nappes, Turkey; Central Japan. Genus Deflandrecyrtium Kozur & Mostler, 1929

Suborder Nassellaria Ehrenberg, 1825 Type Species. DeJland,recyrtium popofshyi Kozur & Mostler, 1929. Family Canoptidae Pessagno, 1929

Genus Canoptwm Pessagno, 1929 Deflandrecyrtium breviora (Sugiyama, 1997) Pl. 1, figs. a, s

Type Species. C an optum p o is s oni Pessagno, 197 9.

1982 Squinabolella (?) sp. C Yao, pl. 3, fig. 8. 1982 Squínabolella (?) sp. C - Yao, Matsuoka Er Nakata.i. nì 2. fie 3 Canoptum sp. aff. C. dixoni Pessagno 8c Whalen, 1982 1.99A Squinabolella (?) sp. C - Hori, p. 581, fig. 8-2. Pl. a, fig. 1 ? 1993 Squinabolella sp. D Carter, p. 103, pl. iZ, fig. 8. 1997 Haeckelicyttium breoíora Sugiyama, p.155, figs. 42-5-8. lVhalen, aff. 1982 Canoptum clìxoni Pessagno & p. 121, pl. 2, frgs. I, 2, 1999 Deflanclrecyrtium bret,iora (Sugiyama)- Tekin, p. 140, pl. 30, 8, 9, 14; pl. 12, ftg.2. rrgs. r-1. 1993 Canoptum sp. aff. C. dixoni Pessagno tr Whalen- Carter, p. 10a, pl. 18, figs. 4-7. Range. Late Triassic; Rhaetian. Occurrences. Central Japan; Charlotte Range. Late Triassic; Rhaetian. Queen Islands, British Columbia; Antalya Nappes, southern Occurrences. Queen Charlotte Islands, British Turkey. Columbia; Antalya Nappes, sourhern Tirrkey.

Deffandrecyrtium ithacanthum (Sugiyama, 1997) Canoptum rhaeticum Kozur & Mostler, 1981 Pl. a, fig.6 Pl. a, fig. 2

1986 Dreyeriqtrtium (?) sp. Yoshida, pl. 8, figs. 5, 6. 1981 Canoptum rhaeticum Kozur Er Mostler, pp. 103-104, pl. 20, ? 1990 Defland.recyrtium sp. A Hori, p.5S1, fig. 8-1. figs.1-4. 1997 Dreltericyrtium ithacanthum Sugiyama, pp.151, 153, figs. ,lO-8- 1982 Canoptum triassicum Yao, p. 60, pl. 3, fìgs. 3-4. 10. 1,982 Canoptum triassicum - Yao, Matsuoka & Nakatanì, pl. 2, fig. 1. 1999 Deflandrecyrtium ithacanthum (Sugiyama)- Tekin, p. 141, pl. 1,986 Canoptum triassicum - Bragin, pl. 3, fig. 5. JU, rlgs. /-ó. 199A Canoptum rhaeticum - Kozur Er Mostler, pp.219-220. 1,991 Canoptum tríassìcwm - Bragin, p. 102, pl. Z, figs. 1, 5. Range. Late Triassic; late ?1993 Canoptwm sp. cf. C. triassicum - Carter, p. 105, pl. 18, figs. 11, Norian - Rhaetian. 72,13. Occurrences. Central Japan; Antalya Nappes, 1.996 Canoptum triassicum - Yeh & Cheng, p. 11, pl. 3, fig. 5 . southern Turkey. 1997 Canoptum rhaeticum - Sugiyama, p. 175, fig. 5O-5.

1999 Canoptwm rhaeticum - Tekin, p. 138, pl. 29, fig. 1 Deflandrecyrtium sp. A

Range. Late Triassic; late Norian - Rhaetran. Pl. 4, figs. Z, 8 Occurrences. Zlambachgraben, Austria; Central Japan; Sakhalin, Fareasr Russia; ?Queen Charlotte Short definition. Test as with genus. Cephalis coni- Islands, British Columbia; Busuanga Island, Philippines; cal to subconical with rare pores. Apical horn robust, Eryaman, Ankara and Antalya Nappes, Turkey. straight to slightly inclined ro main axis, three-carinate with deep grooves and thick ridges. Collar stricture dis- tinct marked Canoptum sp. A by relatively deep depression. Thorax much broader, bonner like with scattered pores. Short Pl. a, fig. 3 abdomen flaring ro short disc-shaped abdominal skirt. ?1,993 Canoptum sp. A Carter, p. 105, pl. 18, figs. 8, 9. Lumbar stricture indistinct. Abdominal skirt smooth, short withour pores. Short definition. Test slender with twelve post- Remarks. It differs from DeflandrecyrtiuTn ithacan- abdominal segmenrs. Test mainly covered by microgran- thwm (Sugiyama) by having more robusr apical horn, ular silica and become wider at medial parr. Shorr rem- wider thorax and abdomen and shorter poreless abdom- nant of tube could be seen at distal end. inal skirt. Remarks. It differs from Z. capitanewm Carter by Range. Late Triassic; Rhaetian. Late Tiiassic radiolarians from Turkey 433

Occurrence. Antalya Nappes, sourhern Turkey. Livarella valida Yoshida, 1986 Group Pl.4, figs. 13, 14 Genus Haecleelicyrtiwm Kozur & Mostler, 1979 emend. 1986 Lharella oalidus Yoshtda, p. 14, pl. 3, figs. 1-3. Carter, 1.993 1986 Liyarella gifuensis Yoshida, p. 15, pl. 2, figs. 6-10. 1.987 Liitarella z,alidus - Kojima & Mizutani, fig. 3, no. 18.a. b. Type Species. Haeckelicyrtium austriacum Er Kozur Mostler, 1979. 1991 Livarella gífuensis - Bragin, p.96, p1.7, Íig. 1. 1992 Lioarella gfuensls - Yeh, p. 67, p|.1, figs. 5, 6, 9, rc, B, 14. 1992 Lioarella talidus - Mizutani & Kojima, pl. 1, fìgs. 3.a. b. Haeckelicyrtium sp. A 1,993 LiparelLa talidus - Carter, p. 117, pl.21, figs. 2, 3, 4,6, t, 11. Pl.4, figs.9, 10 1993 Lirarella sp. aff. Z. gfuensis - Carter, p.116, pl. 21, figs. 8, 9. 1996 Livarella gifuensis - Yeh & Cheng, p. 13, pl. 6, figs. 3, 4, 8, i2, Short definition. Cephalis without apical horn. 15. Thorax very short bonnet shaped with very small, circu- 1997 Lharella aalida Yoshida Group- Sugiyama, p. 183, fig. 50-18 non 19. lar pores. Short abdomen flaring to very wide abdominal .oalid.a 1999 Lir.,arella - Tekin, p. 149, pl. 33, fig. 7 . skirt. Abdominal skirt subcircular to subelliptical in out- line with many, small, circular to subcircular scarrered Range. Late Triassic; late Norian - Rhaetran. pores except the distal end of abdominal skirt. Distal Occurrences. Central Japan; ; Northeast part of the abdominal skirt, band like, smooth without China; Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia; Pores. Antalya Nappes, southern Turkey. Remarks. Haeckelicyrtiwm sp. A could be differen- tiated from the other Haeckelicyrtiwtn by having very Family Syringocapsidae Foreman, 1,973 emend. short proximal part (cephalis, thorax and abdomen) and very wide, flat abdominal skirt with very small scattered Pessagno, 1977 pores. Genus Syringocapsa Neviani, 1900 Range. Late Triassic; late Norian. Occurrence. Antalya Nappes, southern Turkey. Type Species. Theosyringiwm robustum Vinassa, 1901.

Syringocapsa rhaetica Family Livarellidae Kozur & Mostler, 1981 Kozur & Mostler, 1981 Pl. 4, fig. 15 Genus Lir.,arella Kozur & Mostler, 1981 1981 S)ringoc.tpsót rhaetìca Kozur Er Mostleq p. 87, fl,.9, fig.2. Type Species. Lìvarella densiporata Kozur & Mostler, 1981. 1999 Syringocapsa rhaetica - Tekin, p. 167, p|. 4A, {tg. 6.

Livarella densiporata Kozur Er Mostler, 1981 Range.^' Late Triassic; Rhaetian. Pl. a, fig. 11 Occurrences. Zlambachgraben, Austria; Antalya Nappes, southern Turkey.

1981 Lit,arella densiporata Kozur Er Mostler, pp. 1 14- 1 1 5, pl. 9, fig. 1. 1986 Lir.,arella densiporata - Yoshida, pl. 2, figs. 1, 2. 199A Lit:areLk d.ensìporata - Carter, pl. 1, fig. 3. Nassellaria Incertae Sedis 1992 Livarella densiporata - Yeh, p. 67, pl.3, figs. 8, 11; pl. 4, figs. 8, Genus Ayrtonius Sugiyama, 1,997 71,72, 1.5.

1993 Lirarella densiporata - Carter, p. 1 16, pl. 21, figs. 1, 5, 10, 13, 16. Type Species. ,Aynonius elizabethae Sugiyama, 1997. non 1996 Lit,arella densiporata - Yeh & Cheng, p. 13, pl. 6, figs. Z, 10, 11. 1997 Lbarella densiporata - Sugiyama, p. 133, fig. 50-20. Ayrtonius elizabethae Sugiyama, 1997 1999 Lioarelk d.ensiporata - Tekin, p. 14S, pl. 33, figs. 1-2. Pl. a, fig. 16

Range. Late Triassic; late Norian - Rhaetian. 1997 ,{yrtonius elizabethae Sugiyama, pp. 144-145, figs.39-7-9. Occu rre nces . Zlamb acher, Aus tria; C entral Japan; Uson Island, Philippines; Queen Charlotte Islands, Range. Late Triassic; late Norian. British Columbia; Antalya Nappes, southern Tirrkey. Occurrences. Central Japan; Antalya Nappes, a^ìrÌhprnim lrrrrérr

Livarella magna Tekin, 1999 Pl.4, fig. 12 Genus Bipedis De Wever, 1982

Type Species . Bipedis calpaboois ril/ever, 1999 Lioarella magnaTekin, p. 148, pl. 33, figs. 3-6. De 1982.

Range. Late Triassic; larest Norian - Rhaetian. Bipedis acrostylus Bragin. 199 I Occurrence. Antalya Nappes, southern Turkey. PL. 1, fig. 17 434 U. K. Tekin

Age LATE NORIAN RHAETIAN Blome (1984) & Carter (1993)'s radiolarian zones Betfaccium deweveri ? Proparvicingula moniliformis Z, Sugiyama (1997)'s radiolarian zones TRSA TR8B. rRSC TRSD I Samples aYl rrl co to (o ao ctì fr otf É ri$ rf rt rt $rt ro t $ \f tto |Jl|n N N N r.l F F Y YY Y YY YY Y ta Y Y YY YY f f= 3:) D Taxa >f :) ff := gìo a6 6 dì Capnucnosphaera neosagaris Sugiyama + Praemesosaturnalts nobleae n, sp, |). (KOzUr ú. MOSuer) î ? + Ay rto n t u s e I iza betn ae Sugiyama + ? + P ra e m esosatu rn a I t s rug os u s ye n a e TelKln ? + + + Spumellaria gen, and sp. indet. B + + + + + + ? + + + Erag'nelh ructis (Bragin) + + + ? + ? + ? + + Ltvarella densrporata Kozur & Mosfler + ? + + + + 2 + ? + Lapnucnospnaera oKayt î, sp, + Lapnucnospnaera sp,q, c. oKay, n,sp. + Ept,ngtum ? sp, A + net,ongl,angensts aKseKtensrs n. subsp, + + + L,varella valtcla Yoshida + 7 + + ? ? + 6tpedrs acrostYlus Bragrn + + ? + ? + ? ? + Praemesosaturna lrs sp, A + + llaeckelicyrtium sp, A + + ttetracctum deweveri Pessaqno & Blome + + + uefra n o recyrtt u m rtnaca nrnum (Suglyama) + + ? + ? + Ferresium pnilippinense Yeh & cheng + + ? + 2 + + + neilonglrangensrs ne,toncllranqensls Y. ó. M, + Saturnosphaera sp, A + ? Centrocubidae incertae sedis + '-errestu m raseeKense Elome + + Ferresium sp, A ? + Pra e m esosatu rn a I is pseu cl o Ra h leri sugiyama ? + Pytostepnanrdrum anKaraense Eragtn & Tekln + uenEacvnOCarpUS SevaElCU.s KOZUr ò( MOStler + ?? + canoptum rnaeflcum Kozur & Mosfler + ? 7 + + + + P ra em esosatu rn a I ts sa n cr sp tte n srs (Elome) * + + 7 î 7 ? + Lrvaretra magna teKtn + + ? + vegntcyclE sanf,ltppoae n, sp, + Paronaella pacolrensts carter + ? + Spumellaria qen. and sp. indet. A + ? + P ra em esosatu rn a I ts n u x I eye n s is (carter) + 7 + + Penta spo ng od i scu s ? d i h exa ca nffrus Carter + ? + + + + syilngocapsa rnaetica Kozur & Mostler + K'se I E Sta I KU ng te nsrs carter + + ? + Defla n d recy rti u m b rev iora (sugiyama) + + ? + + crucelE sp. A + Paronaella sp. É + gtoDolaxtorum sp, cl, g. crrstatum uarter + Globolaxtorurn sp, A + canoptum sp. A + Paronaella sp, A + EtstarKum rnaetrcum n, sp, + 2 + vegnrcycrra sp. A + + + Laxtorum capttaneum cafter + ? + canoptum sp, atî. c. dtxont P. & w, + 2 ? + r(tset/a ueaoensrs carrer + + + + Pa ratriassoastru m sp. A + Paratr@ssoastrum sp. E + PSeUdOaCantnoctrcus sugrya ma r I eKtn ? Defla nclrecyrtium sp, A + KISeila Sp. arT, K. COnCIUSUm lLarter) +

Fig. 4 - Occurence of Late Trìassic radiolarians in the Hocakóy section Late Tiiassic racliolarians from Turleey 435

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t: rc F €N -6d6 = f= o Ècs tr (J N E E .2ó Xg +. F!^ -Eo CQ gÈ€8òR E'51 qà .1. .Eq =s .=a I ll'1 6- E€A .*z F '5, J )< F auoz lmTJJBJlJg 3UO asopoua;t--__l - z z c I zÈ- -N d tr .=g I a<= EÈ! I a-é $9 t!- U -l I c (-) .Ir'I{II N Ir' I ì{ O N INVINì{V:) JISSVIì{IEJV'I bb 436 U. K. Tekin

Laxtorum hindeiBlome' 1984' 1982 Nassellaria gen. andsp. Indet. sp. AYao, pl 3, fig' 14 Type Species. 1982 Nassellaria gen. and sp. Indet. sp. A Yao, Matsuóka Er Nakatani. pl. 2, fig. o. Laxtorum capitaneum Carter, 1993 1986 Nassellaria B Yoshida, pl. 9, figs. 12' 13. Pl. a, fig. 20 1989 Undescribed Nassellarian- Blome, Reed Er Tailleur, pl' 33'2' fig. 2. 1990 Triassobìpedts 2 sp. 1 Carteq pI.1, fig. 12' ?1992 Pleesus sp. A Yeh, p. 63, pl. 5, fig. 14. 19, figs' 6' 7, 8' 1991 Bipedis acrostylus Bragin, p. 107, pl. 7' fig. 8. 1.993 Laxtorum capitaneum Carter, pp' 17?-1,1J, pl. 181-182' 1992 Nassellaria Indet. gen. A sp' A Yeh, p. 69, pl' 5' fig' 7' ?1.997 Laxtorum sp. cf. L. èapitaneum Carter - Sugiyama, pp 19gZ Nassellaria Indet. gen. B sp. AYeh, p. 70, pl' 6, figs' 1-3' fig, 50-2. 1993 Bipedrs acrostylus Bragin- Carteq pp. 109-110, pI 20, figs' 10, 1999 Laxtorum capitaneum - Tekin, p. 1'79, pl.4a, fig' 6' 5-8' 1.1,72. 1999 Laxtorum capitaneum - Carter Er Guex, p. 192, p|' 2, figs 1996 Bipedis acrostylws -Bragin Er Tekin, pl. 1' fig 8' p. 16, pl. 7, figs' 1-15' 1996 Parabipedis pessagnoiYeb Er Cheng, Range. Late Triassic; Rhaetian. 1997 Bipedis acrostylas - Sugiyama, p. 175, ftg. 5a-17 ' Occurrences. ?Uson Island, Philippines; Queen 1999 Bipedis acrostyh;s - Tekin' pp.176-\77, pl' 43, figs' 9-11' Charlotte Islands, British Columbia; ? Central Japan; Range. Late Triassic; late Norian - Rhaetian. Antalya Nappes, s,outhern TurkeY. Occurrences, Centrai Japan; Alaska, USA; Sikhote-Alyn, Fareast Russia; Queen Charlotte Islands, radiolarians British Columbia; Uson and Busuanga Islands, Philip- Dating and Comparison of the Late Triassic Eryaman, Ankara and Antalya Nappes, Turkey' pines; In the basal part of the Hocakòy section (lime- stone with chert nodules), no radiolarians were Genus Globolaxtorwm Carter, 1'993 obtained, only some undetermined remains of cono- donts were found. The first radiolaria bearing sample 1993. Type Species. GLoboLaxtorum tozeri Carter' (O1UKT243) is very close to the basal part of red chert and beige limestone alternations (Fig. 38). The follow- in this sample; Capnwcbos- Gf obolaxtorum sP. cf. G' cristatum Carter' 1993 ing radiolarians were found phaera neosagaris Sugiyama, Praemesosatwrnalis nobleae Pl. 4, fig. 18 n. sp, P multidentatws (Kozur & Mostler) Group, P rugosus yehae Tekin, Braginella rudis (Bragín), Ayrtonzws cf. 199l Globolaxtorwm cristatilm Carter, pp. 110-111, pl. 19' figs 11, Kozur & 12, 1,3, L7. elizabetbae Sugiyama and Littarella densiporata cÍ. 1999 GLobolaxtorum crìstdtum - Carter Er Guex, p 192, pl 2, figs' Mostler (Fig. +). This assemblage clearly indicates _t u- 1J. Praemesosaturnalis mwltidentatws Lowest Occurrence Zone (TRSA) of Sugiyam a (1997) corresPonding to the Globolaxtorwm Remarks. This form resembles to late Norian (Fig. 5). cristatum Carter in generai shape and characteristics but poor preservation prevents an accurate identification' Betraccium dewerteri Pessagno & Blom,e first Range. Late Triassic; Rhaetian. appears in sample OI[JKÍ247 which is the index form Occurrence. Antalya Nappgs, southern Tirrkey. of the late Norian (Fig. +). Betracciwm dewetteri Sub- zone of Betraccium Zone was first proposed by Blome Globolaxtorum sP. A (1984), subsequently many scientists (Carter 1993' Yeh 1991,Ft'g 5) Pl. a, fig. 1e 1992,Saro et al.1,986,Yoshida 1986, Bragin have accepted and adopted this zone for the upPer Part 1999 Globolaxtorum sp. C Tekin, p.179,pL.4a, fig' 5 of late Norian. According to Sugiyama (1997)' B. dett'- everi appears slightly after Capnwchosphaera neosagaris Shorl definition. Test spindle-shaped with short api- Sugiyama and P multidentatws (Kozur tr Mostler) cal part. Medial part of the test abruptly expanding with Group, before the appearance of Praemesosdturnalis short, wide seven (four of them visible at one side of the psewdokahlerl Sugiyama. A similar distribution was test) medial ,pìtt"t. Then width of the segments decreas- observed in late Norian part of the Hocakóy section ing in width. Small, slightly tapering tube present at dis- (Fig. a). tal end. Remarks. It differs from the other Globolaxtorum P pseudokahleri Sugiyama and other taxa such as by having strong spindle shaPe. abundant Pylostephanidium ankaraense Br^gin & Tekin' Range. Late Triassic; Rhaetian. first appear within the sample 97IJKÍ1$-A1UKT248 Occurrence. Antalya Nappes, southern Turkey' (Fig. a). This fauna could define the basal part of Praemesosaturnalis psewdoleahlerl Lowest Occurrence (TRSB) suggested by Sugiyama (1,997) to be late Genus Laxtorwm Blome, 1984 emend. Carter, 1'993 Zone Late Triassic radiolarians from Turkey 437

Norian (Fig. 5). nations with some limestone interbeds. Radiolarians obtained from the Hocakóy Radiolarite indicate middle Drastic changes in radiolarian fauna was observed Hettangian to middle - late Cenomanian age. in sample 01UKT251 (Fig. +). Many forms which were The radioiarian fauna of the Gokdere Formation first defined in the Queen Charlotte Islands by Carter resembles the fauna from Queen Charlotte Islands (1993) ì/ere encountered in this sample as Paronaella studied by Blome (1984) and Carter (1993) and the pacofiensis Carter, Praemesosaturnalis buxleyensis fauna from Mino Terrane, central Japan studied by (Carter), Pentaspongodiscus ? dibexacanthus Carter. The Sugiyama (1997). In ascending order, four radiolarian age of this assemblage could be estimated as basal to zones proposed by Sugiyama \1997) have been recog- middle Rhaetian (UAZ 6-18 corresponding to assem- nized in this fauna such as "Praemesosatwrnalis multi- blages 2a-2c of Proparoicingula moniliformis Zone). dentatus Lowest Occurrence Zone (TRSA)" (late Nori- Microconglomerate level between sample 01UKT251 an), "Praemesosatkrnalis psewdoleahleri Lowest Occur- and 9ZUKT146 indicate a small gap in this part of the rence Zone (TRSB)" (late Norian), "? Skirt F lowest section (Fig. 3B, 4). Occurrence Zone (TRSC)" (late Norian-Rhaetian) and In the studied section, the first appearance of partly "Haeckelicyrtium brer.,iora Taxon Range Zone Risella stalbungiensis Carter and Deflandrecyrtiwm breo- (TR8D)" (Rhaetian). In comparison with that of the iora (Sugiyama) were detected in sample 97IJKT 146 Queen Charlotte fauna, two zones could be defined in fig. a). This part of the section could be correlated to Gò kde re Formation as " B e tr ac c i um d eza ea er i Z one" (late the basal part of Haeckelicyrtiwm brepiora Taxon Range Norian) suggested by Blome (1984) and Carter (1,993) Zone (TRSD) of Sugiyama (1.997) in Rhaetian (Fig. 5). and "Proparoicingula moniliformis Zone" (ear|y Rhaet- According to Carter (1993), Risella stallewngiensis ian) suggested by Carter (1993). Radiolarians of the Carter first appears in uppermost part (UAZ 15) of uppermost part of Gókdere Formation indicate that Assemblage 2b in Proparuicingula monilìfurmis Zone "Globolaxtorum tozeri Zone" oÍ Carter (1993) corre- corresponding to early Rhaetian (Fig. S). sponding to the late Rhaetian is not present in the sec-

Many radiolarian taxa such as Pentaspongodìscus ? tion. dibexacantbws Carter, Risella stalleungiensis Carter and Rìsella tledoensis Carter are present at the uppermost part of the section (sample 97UKT150-01UKT254). According to Carter (1993), these taxa disappear at the basal part of Globolaxtorum tozeri Zone (middle to upper part of Rhaetian). These data together with the presence of microconglomerate at the uppermost part of Gókdere limestone reveal that the upper part of the Rhaetian corresponding to the Globolaxtorwm tozeri Zone of Carter (1993) is not present at the section.

Conclusions. The Antalya Nappes including abundant radiola- ria-bearing pelagic Mesozoic successions are widely exposed at the southern part of the Taurides, southern Turkey. In this study, the radiolarian assemblage of Late tiassic age (late Norian- Rhaetian) from the basal part of Hocakóy section measured from the AlakirEay Aclenouledgemenrs. Field work of this study have been carried Napp: (middle nappe) of the Antalya Nappes is pre- out u'ith the help of Dr. Mustafa Senel and B. Sc. Ilhan Sónmez. I wish senteo. to express m)'special thanks to these persons for their kind contribu- tions. I wish to also thank Prof. Dr. Cemal Góncùoglu (Middle East Two different formations distinctive charac- with Technical Universit,v, Ankara, Turkey), Dr. Mustafa Karabiyikoglu teristics can be observed in the section. At the basal (General Directorate of Mineral Research and Exploration, Ankara, part, Late Triassic (late Norian-Rhaetian) Gókdere For- Turkey). Dr. Spela Gorican (Ivan Rakovec Institute of Paleontologl', ql^'".;" mation is composed of gray to beige cherty limestone l;' hl;..' Tì. F'hriee Cnrrle' ,T-niver.ìre Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, ) and Prof. Dr. Patrìck De 'Wer.er arru rLu .Ì.o't-!rrLrr- -'",' ro heiqe limesrone lfternation. '.,1 '.,1 ót (Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France) revìewed an Although no radiolarians were obtained from the low- early version of the manuscript. ermost cherty limestone beds, the overlying red chert SEM works of this studv har.e been carried out in Innsbruck beds yielded moderately to well -preserved radiolarians. IJniver.irr. InnrhrrrcL. Ausrria. Crrre[ul acknowledoemert. is The Hocakóy Radiolarite above the Gókdere Forma- expressed to Prof. Dr. Helfried Mostler for his kind permission to tion is mainly characterized by chert - mudstone alter- h"."fit f"^- rh;. {.";l;r-' 438 U. K. Tèkin

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